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HomeMy WebLinkAbout1993-08-24 Agenda :i I i I, ': , \'.! I I I - ~~'-"""~.,,:..:.., . - , " ~ ',U:, ',;/ '~~~ "..b' ,,',':, -,.', ".,' ITEM NO.1. ITEM NO.2. ITEM NO.3. .:'.....,.;",.. '- / , I ^ '/ \ ;' 1 \- ..... . --- -~-"'" .--. AGENDA IOWA CITY CITY COUNCIL SPECIAL COUNCIL MEETING. AUGUST 24, 1993 5:30 P.M. COUNCIL CHAMBERS CALL TO ORDER. ROLL CALL. CONSIDER ADOPTION OF THE CONSENT CALENDAR AS PRESENTED OR AMENDED. a. Minutes of Boards and Commissions. (1) Airport Commission meeting of July 20, 1993. (2) Riverfront & Natural Areas Commission meeting of July 21, 1993. (3) Senior Center Commission meeting of July 19, 1993. b. Correspondence. (1) Memoranda from the Traffic Engineer regarding: (a) Parking prohibition on Glendale Road from Ashwood Dr. to Heather Ct. (b) Parking prohibition on Glendale Terrace. (c) Parking prohibition on Glendale Circle. i Vl\W cWJli:h b Jov ~ ~+ IA'G,.! !tn,},/ ~n IE ~tt/uV1Jh JOv CifLe. ! .1e~ ~i ~o~"'~~h~ .ko~ ADJOURNMENT. Action: ~/ 7It 0jJ f t, 'tJ5 1.111. II -, , Ii I , , : l i' : r I', i, j, r: I I I I , I I ! , i: I: I I Ii I q I Ii . (', i! _ II' 'I _ ,!_". ' ii-- II ~" I . Ii: JU I ; I, :1 I I I I,' i, \.' ,:i:" iI I, ;, I 'I',! , "'?" , i .'; I, ----- - I I I I I I 1 I i ~ ~ ! I i , ! ~ , I 1 i ~ i i I I I ~ ~ I "1 _. """"\-- ~ .,.-.J .... - - ~~ .... --- - -'f"'" ......('F" ... -. (, t'...:/' '.'. -I' :' ti" :;(,."", - " . ..1 V . '. , . ~ .' - ',' '., I, " " ~ .' ':, .' / / /' " J l' August 24, 1993 Formal Page 1 Consent Calendar Page 1 Courtney/I would like to pull item B. out for separate consideration. Karr/ consideration or discussion. Couru1eY / Both. Motion on item A. Moved and seconded (Ambr/Ilorow) to approve item A. Discussion. All in favor (ayes) Item B. We have three items on parking. Glendale Road, Glendale TelTace and Glendale Circle and I believe 1im is here from Traffic Engineering if you have got any questions on it. Horow/ Do you want a motion before we have discussion. Courmey / Moved and seconded (Horow/Kubby) to adopt items A., B., and C. Discussion. I have some problems with this and I just like to lay them out just so that they are on the record. If you look at the maps and I don't know if evelybody has gotten these maps. I don't know if I got seven of them. You can share them. My concerns are primarily ones for the standpoint of the-go ahead-surrounding neighborhoods that aren't involved in this particular motions and the potential for pushing the parking out into those neighborhoods. We had a meeting last Wednesday. I think there were three of us there. A velY well attended meeting. They had a lot of good information come in. I am not convinced that we got some real good representation for the students in the discussions I have had with some of them. We had five students here. Three of them seemed to be pretty supportive of this whole thing and two of them had a lot of questions and the ones that I have had discussions with had even more questions. I would be happier with treating this particular neighborhood similar to the rest of the neighborhoods around there. I think there is a safety concern with the situation as it is now. Especially from am emergency vehicle standpoint. As you see on the streets there, except for a couple of select locations there Is parking prohibited on one side of the street only. And in this case we are looking at in essence prohibiting parking throughout the day on both sides. I just think that we are going to push things out onto Ridgeway, Hawthorn, Lowell, Heather Drive and create problems on out and they are going to be right back in. The students really have no choice in this. I wasn't even thrilled with the - "~""" -'.'.. -~-"" '--. ;,1 Ii I, I III , ! i.! , 'I, i! " Ii if Ii <, I: ,j i ;.. I' (: , i I, I i' II I I Ii /: I II I, II " :: < ;, II , i . . . '.. . , (' '..'- ,,',~ . , /Zt ' ',' , ,~ ,'L /', .I,/LI "~r ,",',..".'" ,'~ ,~. .,:' . ,), t. . ,... " / / " , 1 .~ . August 24,1993 Formal Page2 H i r ~ 1 ~ t ~ ! ij . I ~ ~ , (. e ! j I y ~ I ~ i.. Ii r ~ I I, ! . I representation I got from them, the school administration. In one breath they tell us that they can car pool and do all of the things that sound good and the ne.xt breath tell us that 70-80% of them are involved In extracurricular activities. They have early P.E. It just doesn't work. There is (00 many varied schedules for people in this neighborhood to have nay chance to car pool in and out. Doing the band activities, the drama and the sports and you name it. [guess I know what the schedules are like and the school is not providing- These are some other alternatives that I just had 1im draw up in case anyone agreed with me. I have just got some concerns on it and what I would like to see is to take the parking off of the two circles because it is always difficult to have the parking there and off of one side of Glendale and leave It on the other side just like the rest of the neighborhoods. I think there is some definite concerns from a safety standpoint in getting the emergency vehicles around those circles. Especially the big fire truck that we have got now. Kubby / I am confused about the- Courtney/The blue is the current situation of no parking at any time. And other than Seventh Ave, Muscatine and the few select ones in there, Fourth that goes right up to City High. Most of them are in a situation where it is only on one side of the street. Kubby/ And what is this. What is the red on Fourth Ave. Pigott! Eight to five. Horow/ Eight to five. Yeah. Right. Courtney/It was pointed out to us in the meeting that there s a little section of Wilson over here that needs to have one side of it done, too. We had one person from Ridgeway here that already had some concerns. Horow/ As the person who pulled tIlis from our original consideration because of the same reasoning that Darrel has that I was concerned about the overall region for it. Having looked at this situation and in talking with the neighbors, I am definitely concerned. I retract my original consideration on doing evelything at one time. I think if we wind up doing prohibitions on a sequential basis that is probably the best that we can possibly do. I think for safety reasons this area right nolV definitely needs to be addressed before school starts. There Is no question In my mind about that. What you have on that map, I think, is a sidewalk that goes from the football field dOIVn to Glendale Road and there Is a curb cut there. And you j: ~ ! r ' , , II I, I !Ii I , I , Ii - II: " " II , I': ),' . ~ i" ,I " i , ,'- 1:1 " I \1 , 1 I, I! i f f I! i :j " , ~~'I/IIIIIf/f"".. --- ~-" ~-, ~..... ~ ...-,'.."....----.- -- ~ , , { ',. - ,,,'.1 - - I It' , ' . t / ',~ I" L" ~', . " , " : :, ' , ~ '.' _. 'l~' ~"" '. ,"I -, .' / ~ / '1 '\ ---- --. , , ---'-" .-'- August 24, 1993 Formal Page3 , 1 , (! , 1 t. ~ ~ ii I' ~ i; ?~ [ i i " t: , " " )' i , " t ~ ~ ~: 1 ~ ! ; I 11 t r. r ~ i ~ I! ~ I i either have the curb cut used by bicyclists or as an indication as a perception of a crosswalk even though there isn't a crosswalk on the street. The kids would use Umt. So, having no parking on the northside I think would have to be accompanied by no parking on the south side. The minimal would be around that sidewalk area. But even that leaves it open for danger for the kids on that because of that sidewalk there. The best we could do is take the sidewalk curb cut out which isn't an impossible thing to do. But what I would propose is that we go along with the parking prohibitions as indicated by the traffic engineer and sequential prohibitions on other streets as identified. Going up to Heather Drive I will be surprised if we run into that many complaints from that area. I definitely agree with Darrel on the fact that Wilson, this little bit of Wilson down here, definitely needs something. I can't believe that it doesn't already exist. What I am saying is for safety purposes I think we really need to maintain the safety of those streets and begin right now rather than wailing and doing it ail at one time. Kubby / I would like to see the options you had the engineer look at and the pros and cons of those options before- Courmey / Wen there are not a whole lot of options here. One of them is the leave parking on tile north side of Glendale and the otiler one is to leave parking on the south side of Glendale, I don't think there is going to be any arguments on the circles because they are certainly there is no way to get around those to hy to take off one side of the street. They are not that wide to start with. I don't think I have it drawn In there. Pigott/ This is tile proposed one. Courtney/ That is the proposed-I just have some concerns for the kids here. I think that the way that the activities have been structured for them by the school, by us as parents, what Is expected of them. The construction that is going to happen is going to push even more of them out of the parking lot. They can't ride the school bus system in and out. It is not scheduled at the same time that activities are scheduled. Unless you ride to school and ride to home right after school the school bus system is worthless to a high schooler. The public system would work in some cases but they are not going to ride downtown and switch buses and then go back to get home. They just have no place to go. i i ; I ! i 1;1 if ! II; 'i Ii - i. :! 1\' \, - 1\ I: i!. ;,' 'I' i': [: ': ," . Ii J , II I' i: I Ii I I I i " ;i " " " " , II , . '1" , i :! i , : i , , ':; . "". !. 'rr ';I~' n " ' '.'..,' J _.' , . _ . ~ ." . / i , '1 (. .....'...-.,,- August 24, 1993 Formal Page4 Pigott! I was wondering how many of those students that park in that area have after school activities. I don't know what the percentage is at all. Horow/That is a good question because the feedback I get from the ones I talk about is that the kids that are parking here are doing it for convenience sake of going to lunch. It is not necessarily are those tlmt are doing it for after school activities. I was surprised to find out that the sports program really doesn't have that much of a problem in terms of parking. It might be convenient for the parents to pick them up. Courtney I I am not concerned about that at all. I had that put aside. What I am concerned with are the kids that need to come to school early, they park there, they may go on an out of town sports trip, and come back ten-eleven o'clock at night and still have their car there. Horowl Why would they be there- COUltney ISo they are filling the parking lot, where are the rest of them going. Horowl But Daml, if we don't start this- Couruley I I am going to vote one for the kids here. It is that simple. Kubbyl Before we go any further, there are three options here. I would like to have us look at these options and see if there are some of these that also might work. Novl I would also like to hear from1im Brachtei. Why he is proposing tllis option rather than another one. He drew all of these. Let's hear what he has to say about them. Courtneyl What I am looking for Is a compromise on this thing. Brachtell The options - Darrel suggested some options be drawn up to use as a spring board for discussion and I don't mean to put any of these superior or whatever with that disclaimer. Alternate A, what that got at was the notion that the two cui de sacs would remain unchanged. We wouldn't alter those as proposed but we would tllen leave the no parking anytime on the north side which was the preference expressed by the questionnaire we sent to tlle neighborhood. And then by eliminating tlle no parking eight to five Monday through Friday on the south side that seem to get at some sort of middle ground between the preferences expressed by the neighborhood and some concerns as far as hying to provide for more parking. Alternate B-that is basically as proposed and what I did there is just eliminated the no park eight to five. This would provide a bit more parking. The disadvantage being tlle bit more parking that is provided is on the cui de sac. , i I : , 1, ii' fl I; I, . ii ii II: 1 ii I' :i Ii ': I: i: ,I r: 'II I. " 11' , II ii :i I I :, , I I I ;, I ! .I , I : ,! I' ,I; II " i 'I.,: , , . . ' . , '. " t-/ ,;/ ',,c, "I I ,,',": ", .," ' " , " '":"I- , ,V ' ,,' , , 1 ' '. "',f ..'... J _ { . , .: _0'" _,. / , , ..' ~,. ..... --- August 24,1993 Formal PageS ) I I I I I i , r r f i. f ': i I, ~j " , , " " I. I' f I' " i ~ n i f, i , ~ I. i I ! j I , I I should point out In Alternate A and Alternate B I did mark a section that would be on the south side by the curb drop for the- Courtney I Right. We need to keep that open regardless. Pigott! That is really dangerous. Brachtell Then Alternate C-what I did with Alternate C was I kept the eight to five out of the picture and then I just flipped flopped north to south side and my thinking there was that because of the intersections on the south side this might provide more curb space for parking. I don't know that. What isn't shown here of course are the driveways and so the driveways take out curb line for parking. So this is not meant to be an inclusive list of all the alternates that are possible but is seems to get after tlying to find some middle ground and still be consistent with what I understand the neighborhood has wanted to tIy and do. And just as a comment I would tell you that we did start a postcard survey on Wilson Street. That is underway and I think we mailed out 13 questionnaires and I think to date seven or eight folks have responded so that is under way. We will be on your consent calendar shortly. Courtney I Alternate C is the one I like except for taking it on around the two circles. The Glendale Circle and Glendale Terrace. Take the blue on around those. In essence we are taking parking off of both the Terrace and the Circle and one side of Glendale Road. And we are also taking a section that is right across from the sidewalk out there so that the kids have some site distance in between the cars there. Horowl The larger map t11at we have indicates the blue no parking anytime. It is my understanding that the majority of that area does not have the impact of kids going out duting the day, smoking, hanging out and essentially just littering around. That is just strictly no parking. So that the Glendale neighborhood while it would reflect uniformity with the rest of the streets has another problem that the ot1ler streets don't have. And t11at is the 10Iteling and t1le general hanging out of the kids there at the ItUlch time and or leaving quickly and coming back. This area is known as the area you park if you want to leave and go out to Dan's Shortstop or whatever. The come back, eat t11elr lunch, leave t1le wrappings there, toss the stuff on the grass. Whereas the rest of the blue area doesn't have that same problem. With the possible exception of Mornlngside in front of the school. _...~--.~.....,_.....-.,.... .". ... ...... ,....-. . -~-'_" _u_ ; i ~ ! ;,; f i I III 1 I, , Iii i! , 11\ , ", _ 11 Ii. ..' 'II t,. i' .i. " i " I' I! ii. \; "'Iff"'" ....... - I ! I I I I r ~ I r I ~: " , i !i ~: (! f ~ ~ ,\ ~ t ~ ~ ! ~ f i h I I , ! , , ~ ""------.... --:: ~.... '41. 'tj- I ..... - ........ -----1f"""' ...~ ~ ...~~. I' ..;..' - c' -t " . ",'.", - . ~ /., ,/ I' ..,,:. iI.;., , . ~. ; .f...:.... r ',,'.,'~ ,..;.':' L ' <::' / \ 1 ,\. ~-- August 24, 1993 Formal Page6 Kubby I Can't they just then go to Heather Circle, Hawthorn, Lowell and Ashwood and do the same thing. Horowl What you are looking at is proximity to this sidewalk. There is a direct relationship there. Kubby I These are-if you parking at the end of Glendale, Hawthorn is just as close. Horowl Not really. Not really. You would have to come all the way down Seventh Avenue and up Morningside if you were going to walk down there. In other words there is no easy cut through from the school. There are all fences in this backyard all along this area. The only cut through is that sidewalk. Courtney I Well, I am kind of looking to the future here because they are going to continue to push more of them out of the parking lot and they are going to have to go somewhere. I think it is too idealistic to think that they are not going to drive. Naomi and I ran into a mother out into the parking lot after the meeting the other night and she said that she had a senior. They live over on Hillside which is right over by Bill and he is a senior this year, he deserves it and he is going to dl1ve. Horowl On the other hand we have also run into those mothers who are mothers of juniors and I confess that I am not one of them. I mean I am a mother of a junior but I sign the permission slip. There are mothers who do not and I think the more that we do let the kids realize that these are public su-eets and that the whole family should take responsibility for citizenship within the conullunity-perhaps this is the first step towards it. I don't want to be totally unrealistic. I have already put the law down to Katherine that if she drives it must be car pooling and to most that she will be able to drive is like once a week. I don't think that is impossible to ask. Kubby I In terms of Alternate C., Sue, if we take that blue line around Glendale Circle and around Glendale TelTace and to do that and to do some evaluation and some feedback from the neighborhood to see what is different because it is substantially taking quite a bit of parking out of commission at all times of the day and night but stilI leaving some options open. Courtney I It is cutting It by over half. Kubby I But stilI taking care of the safety issue of the walk way with bicycles coming dOIVn- Horowl Safety It does take care of, Karen. What it doesn't, I think, is the loitering and the trashing. ---.... ...- I. !' , i I i i i i i. i , I " I , ~ ~ ; I, , , i I , i I j ! , I Ii, I j, I!' I 'I ,! 1\ I , " I, Ii i: . ;n I: ! I I' I ;,1 I i !, J " I ! I 1 I I i I I ~ I ".......... 'If/('''' ;.': ......_....,'-.--..... -W\-- ~ -'.. -- -- ~.. ..........------..--.-'frlii....- ...~- .' . , I ." . , , . " . I - _ - - :.. ' ' L '/' ,/ I. . Lt " :~t, ' ':~''-, . ~ ,,~~. '" ~. ~.-~ ' -'. , " / ,:' ''1 I August 24,1993 Formal Page7 I I I 1 I , ! } ! , t f: I :' ~ , I ,: ! " ( ~ I " ~ l r. 'I" ; ~ II , J j t , , , ! !' i ~ !' [I ~ ! i , ~ ~ ~ I ~ , i ! Kubby I Loitering is going to happen. It is going to be on one neighborhood street or another neighborhood street and tlmt whatever we do here I don't want to say that we shouldn't encourage these otller things like finding out from what neighborhoods people are having similar scheduled extracurricular activities to do car pooling. It doesn't mean we have to choose one thing or another. But if we do this and it doesn't work we can think about putting more signs up and doing more restrictions which ends up possibly being a sequential thing but doing it one step at a time and evaluating it. Then deciding to do the next step instead of deciding to do all of the steps and having it- Pigott! One of tlle concerns tlmt some people have about sequentially enacting this sort of thing. I would just like to get input from people here. That the school year is coming up and geez, if we do enact tllis part today and then decide six months from now that we really needed to do the other side of the road as well that tllese kids are going to be use to it. That it will be difficult to enact further and effectively enforce it. If we do it sequentially. So why not do it all at one time before school starts so the kids aren't put out or they know what is going on today. Now that is just an argument. Courtney I They are use to it now. They are going to show up the first day anyway. They get tickets. Pigottl But if they come in December, December 12 and get a ticket. You know, all of a sudden. Kubby/Then we have a responsibility to make sure that we get good Information to people at the school, to kids and the parents from city high, to make sure they know in advance that the signs are going to go up and that there will be sanctions If they park there. Just like anyplace else in town where we have these same times. Around the University area, safety Issues, conuuunicatIons Issues, crowding Issues, in neighborhoods and we do things sequentially there sometimes or we make different decisions. Novl I think we have to do this area at one time. Mainly because they are not only using it for parking or eating lunch. They are also doing drag racing here and I don't tllink this has been a problem in other areas. I think if we are going to do it sequentially we may end up eventually saying no parking on Heather or any place else that they decided to use for drag racing. But, in the meantime, this is where they are parking - .. .'-,~''''''' \ ~ II II " II , I' II: ,I " " /" , I !.,' I" i': ,: :~ i '! I r .~ ; I ,'., ,I I I I I ! ! I, I , I f, ~ , , \ ~ i , 1 1 Ii } " " , " ~ I I ! i ! i ; ; t ! I I ! I ! I I ( I . I, - : '...:.. ' -, 'I"'~' ',' , ',; "" , ' ,t, '- " . , , :: ,U,: :,1 I '~r." ::, '" ',', ," , , ,,' / /. \ ,,' I "r "'--"'---, August 24,1993 Formal PageS and this is where they are racing. This is one we ought to just cut it off. Horowl This is one gigantic cui de sac if you look at it and Glendale is a long su"etch <md it is being used for dragged races. Ambrl I would expand it over and above what the neighborhood wants and just cut it off right now. Maybe the school has a responsibility here, too. You mentioned a youngster who lives In Hillside which is probably four blocks away. The reason that they are using this is because of its proximity to that walkway and if we just expand the no parking up and down the line the very reason they are parking there will be eliminated because now we are pushing them farther and farther away fro the school and they don't want to do that walk. Kubbyl That is it. Novl I think they have to either decide to walk or decide to use the city bus or decide to car pool or whatever it is. Ambr/l really think we ought to talk to the school about- Pigottl Educating the students. Ambr/Educating them. Maybe if you live within eight blocks you can't have a car. You can't bring your car to school. COllltney I They can't control that. Ambrl They can hy. Courmeyl They can control whether they park on school propelty or not but you are talking about all of tills neighborhood in here, too. Even on Morningside, right across the su"eet from tile high school, it is only one side. Novl I have to defend this mother that Darrel and I talked to because he said only because he is a senior, only if he needs the car on the day tImt my husband and I don't. Ambr I Do they have one car. Novl I think it is two cars. But it has to be one of the parents willing to give up the car on the day that the kid needs it and then they will let 111m drive to school. So, it Is not quite a blanket permission. They are not buying him a car whIch some parents do. They buy a car for their 16 year old and tiley expect him to drive to school evelY day. Horowl I mover we- McDI I think we should go with what is proposed. I think whatever we do we are going to have to go back in and monitor tilis closely anyway to Illake sure that we don't impact on the neighbors or the existing streets because we know that we wIll reach a point where they aren't going to park any farther. I think this is the immediate area that needs to be addressed at W' .. ......."...........,.. -____h. '__. I I ! , I I I I I I " ~ I Ii i ': I " " i' , " , I, II, I !; II' /: , , i II It I " I ,~ , i:, 11' H ! I il. " i I j I , ,,' "I., , " ii , ", " """If'" ~ - I t I ! 1 i ! I , " ~ I , t r I i. I ~ r. I 1 " 1 i i I I i p I I I ! '1~-'-~"'" ~ ..-'....- ...... ...------1f" ""' ...~ ... -...... ,... ...~. \ " . , - .', ' . . I I,' - .- ,- ,/- , t '/ It",,: ..' , +,-:..,.::.~.;.. .,. :~L..: ."~.~~"~_" . ,', I ~ :. I ,J( / / " ''1 I, '~. . -~- ~ --...... ---'-" .~- August 24, 1993 Formal Page9 this point. As we watch this, as Karen said, we can always change it as we go along. Novl I would like to suggest that if we are going to add further street, we tty to do it at a point where the second semester starts or maybe ne,\:t fall. We shouldn't just keep doing it all year long. Kubby I [want us not to just leave those issues alone in terms of tlying to be creative with the students at City High to help come up with ideas for the school as to help create some positive incentives for people not to drive. Plgottl That troubles me that there were only five students that were at the meeting. That Darrel thought that there wasn't- that there was some significant concern amongst the students and it would be better to get that input form them. That concern you have about after school activities is a valid concern and maybe they are going to park somewhere else but we have to encourage the students to get involved in this and- Horowl The drama group all last year with Katherine. If I wasn't driving her somebody picked her up. In other words, they were able to car pool. Kubbyl The students don't have ownership of some of this. There is not this acceptance level Is much different. If there are ways that we can help support the school system in promoting ownership of ideas on how not to drive. Horowl I am wIlling to work on that one. Ambrl Some institutions though you have to operate a dictatorship. It is nice to have a pure democracy all of the time. You got to layout some rules and that is what we are here to do. Pigott! I guess what I was thinking about is you are right, that the rules are important, but that it would be more effective for these students to participate in this If one of their peers said hey look It is better if we don't drive to school even tllOugh we have after school activities lets all get together and work this out as students, students to student. 1'[01'01'.'1 As long as we recognize that we are bucking it because even the environmental club tried that a couple of years ago and they got absolutely no where. Kubby I So you try again and you try again. McDI Sometime if you want to hear a stOlY about driving to school. Courtney I I told it last week after the meeting. McD. It is a good one, I will tell you. Courtney I Any other discussion. - ! i ! , , I:: 'I. 'Ii ,I "1 if " II' .1 I!' I, I' I: - I'i i:. I' I i.i ~ , ~. ii' I' I !:j I I , i r n I' ;'j, " , ! " "I' " } i " , U " I, 't'-/' , :"-1' 'e' I: ',' , " , , ", ','/ - ~-- tV- .:--.--.~- ,. ..,-~, -, :-..'~"-:--- =.---~:': ,- - ,., ~"", .' .,', / /~. '. -'\' .....-."':::'::-::..:::::-.----. August 24, 1993 Formal Page 10 Novl I would like to add the correspondence received over the weekend. Can we add that. Horowl I second. Karrl I need a copy. It is as presented. Courtney I Any other discussion. All in favor (ayes). Motion passes. I ~ I' "'--""~'''''''' .' ..",...., -,,'--.. ---.-..,--'. .. ','" '...'.' ...,,, ",.....~...~~.'., I I I, I I I , I I i Ii ; I, i! ',' Ii' 'I /" II II' .. Ii F ':1 1" " il - J,. il'\': ,,' . V.- il; I " I I i i I i I I' I I :',,':\ " 1/' , (1: 'I' i , 'j , I " 'I'" 'I I, 'i',......'...' . "'~.' I i',r . L~' . I . :' I' . 'i' I i I ;!.',