HomeMy WebLinkAbout11-10-1998 ICPD Reports/MemosIOWA CITY POLICE DEPARTMENT
410 EAST WASH NGPON Sn=, IOWA CrrY, IOWA 52240
-- (319) 3565275 * FAX # (319) 3565H9
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November 4, 1998
***VIA HAND -DELIVERY***
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Ms. Leah Cohen, Chair
Police Citizen's Review Board�:-
410 E. Washington Street
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Iowa City, IA 52240 ,
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Re: Request for input on methods for collecting traffic stop demographic data
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Dear Ms. Cohen:
I am in receipt of your letter of October 23, 1998 regarding the issue of data collection on traffic
stops and requesting my input and thoughts on how to best approach collection of demographic
data on stops that do not result in a citation or written warning.
As you know, the Department does not collect this type of data, and I do not recommend that
the Department engage in this type of data collection. First, collecting demographic data on
each and every traffic stop would create an enormous administrative burden for both the officer
in the field and supervisory and records personnel. Additionally, as such data is particularly
susceptible to manipulation and/or misinterpretation, collection of such data puts the Department
in a defensive posture against resulting false conclusions and/or accusations.
Notwithstanding my response to your request, if the Board has an interest in making a change
in Department policy or procedure, the Board's recommendation should be forwarded to City
Council for consideration.
Very truly yours,
1
R.J. Winkelhake
Chief of Police
cc: Eleanor Dilkes, City Attorney
Steve Atkins, City Manager
Sarah Holecek, First Assistant City Attorney
Marian Karr, City Clerk
is < MEMORANDUM
TO:
FROM:
RE:
DATE:
Leah Cohen, PCRB Chairperson
R. J. Winkelhake, Chief of Police ?✓
PRESENTATION
November 5, 1998
My understand of your request for the meeting of November 10, 1998 is that I
make a presentation about building searches to the PCRB of nor more than
fifteen (15) minutes, followed by a short discussion with board members
regarding building searches.
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�� POLICE �il�
4MEMORANDUM
TO:
FROM:
RE:
DATE:
Leah Cohen, PCRB Chairperson
R. J. Winkelhake, Chief of Police/1�
BUILDING SEARCHES
November 6, 1998
The enclosed are materials for the meeting of November 10, 1998. 1 will provide
additional information about the materials at that time.
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DEPARTMENT MEMORANDUM 96-56
TO: All Personnel - Read at Roll Call
FROM: R. J. Winkelhake, Chief of Police 21-"
RE: ALARMS AND OPEN DOORS
DATE: September 13, 1996
When members of the department respond to a burglary alarm or find an open
door our department policy for the situation is as follows:
Burglar Alarm:
1. Check the exterior of the building for possible signs of a break-in. Also check
for open doors.
2. If there are no signs of a break-in, contact individuals listed on an emergency
contact card and ask for a representative to come to the location to reset the
alarm. If the representative requests that an officer accompany them into the
building, the officer will do so.
3. If there are signs of a break-in or attempted break-in, secure the perimeter of
the building and contact a representative of the building to come to the
location before an officer enters the building. The contact will allow the
officers the opportunity to determine if anyone would be expected to be in the
building. A supervisor will be called to the scene before entry is made.
4. If a building representative can not be contacted, a supervisor will be advised
and the building secured by the officer. The officer will initiate an extra watch
for the property and will request that the day watch make contact with a
building representative the next business day. The building representative will
be informed of the date and time of the incident and be asked to complete an
emergency contact card and return that card to the Police Department as soon
as possible.
Open Doors:
For open doors which are found by members of the department or called into
the department by members of the public, officers will secure the perimeter
and call a building representative to come to the location before any officers
enter the building
2. If a building representative cannot be contacted or does not desire to coma to
the location, the officers will secure the building on Initiate an extra w*M fof
the property and will request that the day watch make contact whh a buikthg
representative the next business day. The building representetive will be
informed of the date and time of the incident and be asked to complete an
emergency contact card and return the card to the Police Department as soon
as possible.
If there are indications that a break-in has taken place, such as a door broken by
force, a broken window, a completely removed window, or an interior in disarray,
the supervisor may authorize entry by officers if the department has not been able
to make contact with a property representative.
Additional Information:
Letters will be sent to all known business locations in Iowa City in order to secure
emergency contact information. There will be follow-up contact by the Crime
Prevention Office in this area as well.
The department will review the affects of having a dog or two which will be
trained, among other things, for building searches. The issue of funding will also
need to be reviewed.
IOWA LAW ENFORCSMBNT ACAD$NY
Felony Calls - Crime in Progress
Course Description:
This course is designed to acquaint the prospective police officer with
the general tactics and other concerns when answering low, medium and
high risk calls for services. Particular attention will be given to high
risk calls and building search procedure.
I. CRIMES IN PROGRESS: General Considerations.
A. Introduction
1. Many different circumstances can confront an officer at
the scene of crime in progress.
a. There are no hard and fast rules that will cover all
incidents.
b. Most calls can be adequately handled by application
of
1. Common sense.
2. Certain basic principles.
3. Some simple techniques.
H. Communications.
1. Most crime in progress will come in by telephone or
alarm.
2. The dispatchers role is most important
a. Try to keep the party on the line long enough to
extract data regarding the following:
i) Where (address to closest location)
ii) Nature of suspected activity
iii) How many people may be involved
iv) Can they provide a description
v) Vehicle involved
vi) Weapons involved
Volume 2 - 11/93 1
Felony Calls,
continued
—�
1.
The decision to use siren and lights must be made on the
basis of the following factors:
i) Distance from scene.
ii) Amount of traffic.
iii) Adequacy of horn and occasional red light to clear
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immediate route.
iv) Need to halt an on -going physical assault by
warning the assailant of police approach
2.
Siren should normally be used as little as possible to
avoid frightening off the suspect.
3.
Be aware of departmental policy and state law with
regard to use of lights and siren.
F. Approaching the location
1.
Be alert for possible suspects.
2.
Attention should be given to the vehicles and
pedestrians leaving the area.
3.
If necessary to stop a potential suspect
a. Notify appropriate people.
b. Get backup if necessary.
C. If a stop is not justified due to circumstances
(1). Jot down license plate, description and
notify adjutant cars.
d. Extreme caution should be used in approaching and
deploying at the scene.
G. Arrival at Location:
1. If used, shut off lights/siren at least 1/2 to i block
J\ away - siren perhaps even further away.
2. Cut headlights (check departmental policy)
3. The primary responsibility of the first car is to try to
contain the incident.
i) This entails command responsibility, development of
personnel and determining additional assistance.
H. Command Responsibilities
Volume 2 - 11/93 3
Felony Calls, continued
1. Should rest with the unit first receiving and responding -1
to the call until relieved by a higher authority.
i) For development of a flexible plan.
ii) For the execution of plans.
iii) For controlling the incident.
iv) For directing and coordinating other units.
v) Conducting initial investigation
- identification of witnesses
- crime scene protection.
2. One officer issues commands
i) To avoid confusion.
ii) To execute a plan properly.
iii) To advise suspects what is expected of them.
I. Deployment
1. Ideally one should try to cover d'a�_ona1 corners for
containment.
2. Deployment may vary due to physical and personnel
limitations.
J. Assistance for additional Equipment and Personnel
1. It is difficult to effectively handle all situations by
oneself.
2. Medium and High risk call ideally require a minimum of
two officers.
3. Those who work by themselves should have arrangements
with other assistance from off duty personnel or other
jurisdictions.
II. ROBBERY IN PROGRESS CALLS
A. when caught in the commission of crime or in the act of trying
to escape, the criminal can be extremely dangerous to the
officer and victims and bystanders at the scene.
B. Officer deaths on robbery calls - 11 to 21 percent of the
annual police death toll.
C. Reason for occurrence
1. Most alarms are unfounded. (Nationally 95% of all alarms
Volume 2 - 11/93 4
Felony Calls, continued
are false.)
I
2. Officers let their guard down to soon.
3. If verified, officers may utilize a crime fighter
y response.
D. The officer should not rush in haphazardly but should analyze
the scene and wait for assistance if possible.
1. Criminals have needlessly wounded and killed officers
\ and have been allowed to escape because of
a bad approach.
E. Scene Approach and Deployment:
1. The officer should approach the scene unobserved and
park the vehicle where it will not be seen by suspects.
a. Danger is greatest to officer and victim at time of
arrival.
b. By knowing geographical layout of.the area, the
officer will try to achieve the surprise desired.
C. Do not use light and siren
d. Turn off radar
e. Ideally a robbery response should be preplanned and
prerehearsed.
f. Nine out of 10 hostage incidents in the United
States occur because of visibility.
i) When a hostage is taken, a whole new set of
problems occur.
g. Basic rule of robbery response is Do Not enter the
robbery location initially.
i) There are too many disadvantages.
- Who-s the offender?
- How many are there?
F. verification:
1. Telephone verification is the most useful.
2. Use a non -recorded line and a code system so not to
alert suspect.
3. Determine IF:
a. robbery is still in progress.
b. robbery concluded suspect gone.
Volume 2 - 11/93
Felony Calls, continued
C. false alarm.
d. do not be fooled by appearance.
G. False Alarms:
1. Maintain low profile if a false alarm is verified.
2. Have a manager or personnel at the location approach you
at a position of cover.
3. If no response, maintain cover and assume that robbery
is still in progress.
4. If you can't verify, the officer may need to approach
the building and if possible look inside.
i) This can be extremely dangerous and should be a
last resort. Any other way of verification is much
better.
H. Robbery over - Suspect Gone:
1. Maintain low profile until verification that suspects
are gone has been received.
2. Have personnel from robbery location meet with officer
who remains at cover.
3. If no response, maintain cover and assume robbery is
still in progress.
4. If suspect has fled prior to arrival, use as many
officers as necessary to protect crime scene and obtain
the information for initial supplement broadcasts.
I. Robbery Still in Progress:
1. If not in a protected position at the moment of
confrontation,
i) Tactically retreat to cover.
2. If deployed, the officer must consider the following:
a. Are the problem areas and areas of responsibility
with which the officer is in charge, within their
ability to control?
Volume 2 - 11/93 6
Felony Calls, continued
b. Is the officer out numbered, out gunned?
C. Are there innocent bystanders?
d. Hostages?
e. Always anticipate at least one more offender then
you see.
3. Entering the area risks a shootout with danger to
bystanders.
i) Difficult to distinguish between suspects and
bystanders.
4. The best place for confirmation may not be immediately
upon exit of the suspect depending on the above factors.
III. BURGLARY -IN -PROGRESS CALLS
A. Approaching the location
1. Have a plan of operation.
a. Must be _flexible (plan ahead while patrolling
beat).
i) Circumstances change
b. Continually improve upon. (what you'll do -what
your partner will do).
C. Provide coordination between partners and other
units.
2. Officer should get to the scene quickly, quietly, and
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safely.
a.
Do not use
red lights or siren near location.
b.
Turn off headlights before final approach (when
safe)
C.
Slow speed
on final approach to eliminate tire
squeal and
engine noise.
d.
Turn radio
volume down.
e. Don't rattle car keys or loose objects.
Volume 2 - 11/93 7
Felony Calls, continued
f.
Don't slam doors - close them quietly. l
g.
Dome or other interior light should not function
when doors are opened.
h.
Don't leave keys in patrol car ignition.
3.
First
officer at scene should take rear of buildings
(entry is usually at rear).
a.
Should advise he/she has arrived and is covering
the rear.
b.
Should park away from building where rear of
building can easily be observed until back up
officer advises he/she is at the front.
C.
Most important that officers move as coordinated
team, contain suspects and prevent escape).
4.
Second officer at scene should take position at opposite
diagonal corner.
5.
Exterior search of area.
a.
Vehicles parked at or near location.
1) warm hood, etc.
b.
Boxes, trash bins, stockpiles.
C.
Trees, hedges, shrubbery.
d.
All places of possible concealment.
6.
Search for point of entry.
a.
Doors, transoms, and windows
1) Pry marks
2) Glass cut or broken
3) Dust disturbed on window ledge
4) Cobwebs
5) Open doors or windows
b.
Tunnel job
C.
Use caution
1) Do not walk or stand in front of windows. -
2) Be careful not to silhouette yourself or your
Volume 2 - 11/93
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Felony Calls, continued
partner.
3) one officer covers, the other searches.
4) Use wall for protection when looking into
window or trying the door.
5) After checking the interior from the window,
cross under the window and check from the
other side.
6) Use flashlight properly and cautiously.
7) If point of entry is located, notify
dispatcher and other units.
7. Search of roof
a. Access to roof sometimes difficult.
1) May need ladder -- if none available
consider, calling fire department.
b. Cover officers ascending roof.
c. Notify other personnel regarding the officers on
roof.
d. Searching officer should check:
1) Adjacent roof.
2) Sign boards.
3) Air vents.
4) Any other place of concealment.
e. Advise officers on ground of conditions.
f. Use extreme caution and make use of natural cover.
g. If entry hole is discovered, it should not be
approached.
1) Advise other officers and watch hole from
vantage spot.
IV. PROWLER CALLS (8.24.0)
A. Prowler calls - Introduction
4 1. Prowler calls are among those most commonly received.
a) Because percent of prowler calls resulting in
arrests is small, officers must guard against
complacency.
b) Reporting parties usually extremely frightened and
Volume 2 - 11/93 9
Felony Calls, continued
will sometimes arm themselves.
c) Suspect may be burglar, sexual psychopath, peeping J
tom, drunk relieving self, jealous suitor, ex-
husband, pettytheft suspect, neighborhood boy
taking shortcut, animal, tree limb rubbing against
side of residence, etc.
2. Vehicular response to prowler calls
a. Good knowledge of the area is of value.
1) Allow officer to approach at right angles to
residence of caller.
2) By turning at last intersection nearest
scene, the officer can largely avoid
signaling his/her approach to prowler.
3) Knowledge of area permits quiet, also
possible blacked out approach (car lights
off, if safe).
b. When necessary, check house number
1) Check numbers on opposite side of street (use
flashlight).
2) Check for curb numbers -- light less
conspicuous.
3) Numbers on other blocks may be in same
relative position and help give clues to
location of victims address (can use parallel
street to find block number and also
approximate location of address).
C. Nearing scene, the officer should
1) Reduce speeds to eliminate tire squeal and
motor noise.
2) Coast to a stop.
3) Avoid manhole covers.
4) Turn radio down -- avoid excessive noise.
5) Avoid overshooting address.
d. If officer overshoots address, he should roll past
-- should not back up.
e. Interior lights should be switched off at night --
not function when door is opened.
Volume 2 - 11/93 10
Felony Calls, continued
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4
Volume 2 - 11/93
f. Car,doors should be opened and closed quietly.
g. Other responding units should be advised of
officers location, then coordinate their
deployment.
1) Backup units should be deployed to cut off
natural escape routes.
2) Work support to back of area.
h. Containment of the area is important.
The primary or first officer at location should contact
the reporting party as soon as possible
a. To advise of officers presence.
b. To obtain details, information, descriptions,
direction of flight, etc.
Search of the scene
a. Officer should move quickly and quietly.
1) Keys should be placed in pocket.
2) Avoid walking on gravel.
3) Stop, listen, and watch for activity, e.g.,
barking dogs.
b. Position and Search
1) Look for footprints or signs of attempted
entry.
2) Search should be slow and cautious.
3) Walk in shadows.
4) Officer should avoid silhouetting
himself/herself.
5) Use flashlight away from body (prowlers eye
will be accustomed to darkness).
6) Hold flashlight at side opposite gun hand.
7) Use flashlight on grass (if wet with dew)
from an oblique angle.
a) May reveal footprints -- show path of suspect.
b) May reveal exit or hiding place.
c) May verify existence of suspect.
6) Watch for clotheslines, garbage cans, and
dogs.
9) Carefully examine trees and shrubs.
Felony Calls, continued
10) Check vehicles in area for warm hoods. 1
11) Note things out of place. /
12) Look for signs of attempted burglary or evidence of
sexual psychopath.
c. After yard search is completed, the backup or second
officer should search neighborhood and surrounding area
for possible suspect.
S. Interviewing complainant
a. Obtain description and direction of flight, then
radio description.
b. Two -man car can make show of leaving -- one man
hides and watches area for five or ten minutes.
C. One-man car can sneak back and stake out.
d. Officer should advise complainant that he/she will
check residence as much as possible during the
remainder of his/her shift.
e. Officer should drive by occasionally and shine the -
spotlight on the residence and yard.
f. If unfounded, the officer should not ridicule the
complainant, but assure him/her that he/she would rather
investigate instead of allowing a legitimate complaint to
go unanswered.
g. Warn complainant if careless with curtains or
shades.
h. Advise complainant what to do in the event the
prowler returns.
1) Prowler should not be alerted.that the person
is aware of his/her presence.
2) Lights should be left on.
3) Telephone law enforcement agency (out of
view, if possible).
4) Be certain to clearly repeat address, etc.
V. DOMESTIC/CIVIL DISPUTES:
A. Response
Volume 2 - 11/93 11
Felony Calls, continued
1. Information useful prior to arrival.
i) What is relationship of the complainant?
ii) Is any one injured?
iii) Has there ever been previous contact with the
l police?
I iv) Are there weapons involved?
v) Are there other weapons on the premises?
vi) Has anyone been drinking?
vii) How many people at residence?
B. Other Considerations
1. Try to employ a silent approach to the residence.
i) This may be mitigated if an assault is in progress.
2. Park somewhere besides the driveway.
i) In any case do not park at residence waiting for
back-up.
3. Upon approach use the back door.
4. Check the windows for any activity.
S. If possible stand on one side of the door or the other
depending on which way the door opens.
6. If one of the parties is going to leave, escort the
leaving party if they wish to get a coat or take
something with them.
C. Arrest
1. Do not rush your arrest unless a threat is imminent.
2.. Be aware of the fact that the victim may not necessarily
support the arrest.
3. The decision to arrest may be known immediately, but
wait until the situation gives you the best chance of
implementing a hassle -free arrest.
D, Departure
a. The officer exposed to the greatest amount of risk
should withdraw first.
Volume 2 - 11/93 j3
Felony Calls, continued
b. Do not threaten the suspect with arrest if you have to
come back.
1) They may be ready for you the next stop.
C. Listen for trouble as you walk away to see if situation
will re -escalate.
d. Cover each other as you return to your car.
E. Entry
1. Do not be in a hurry to knock. Listen first.
2. Avoid a "Raid Type" knock.
3. May have to talk your way in.
i) Try to use a positive voice.
4. Try to get a view of all participants before making a
complete entry.
5. If victim answers the door
- question suspect's where abouts.
- determine injuries, ask, look.
F. Inside Residence
1. Separate the disputants.
2. Try to put disputants in an area that is devoid of
possible weapons. (avoid kitchens)
3. Do not let disputant out of your site.
4. If possible get disputants out of each others sight but
two officers should always be able to see each other.
5. Avoid bedrooms (can avoid possible accusations)
VI. BUILDING SEARCHES
A. Police, especially during the night, find buildings open. Its
a fact of life. There are many reasons, you as an officer,
will find them open.
Volume 2 - 11/93 14
Felony Calls, continued
1. Owner forgets to lock up is one of the most common
reasons.
2. Windows left open.
3. Lack of employee interest in securing the facility.
iv) An actual burglary.
4. It is not always easy to determine why the building is
open. It is dangerous to make assumptions.
5. Always check a building like it is occupied.
B. Enter or Wait
1. If there is any other reasonable option, do not go in.
2. Especially if you know someone is inside.
3. Sometimes it-s better to wait in a hidden position for
the suspect to come out to you.
4. Verbal challenge
5. Things to consider if you must go in
a. Back-up
- never try to search a building alone.
- 2 to 5 people are needed, depending on structure.
b. Equipment
1. Shotgun? Is it really necessary?
2. Other equipment.
C. Civilian interference.
d. Intelligence information.
e. Safe point of entry.
1. Doors and windows.
C. Search Pattern Strategy
1. Top -down
' 2. Bottom -up
Volume 2 - 11/93 15
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Felony Calls, continued I .-
3. Basement
4. Do what is the safest and most practical
5.
Thoroughness
i) Think High
ii) Think Small
iii) Think Dirty
D. Light
Control
1.
Advantages of using lights
a) Show officer clearly potential areas of
responsibility.
b) May deprive suspect of concealment.
c) Affects suspects vision.
2.
Rules of Light use
a) Try to move from darkness to light, not light to
dark.
b) Do not linger around light switches.
c) Use other light sources available.
E. Search Pattern Tactics
1.
Two movement styles
a) Follow the leader (traveling over watch)
b) Leapfrog (bounding over watch)
2.
Cover and Contact/Search Officer
a) One officer always covers while one searches.
b) Must know what your role is
3.
Relative Position
a) Avoid both vertical and horizontal cross fire
situations.
b) High low approach.
- search officer almost always takes a low
position.
4.
Stop and listen on occasion. Suspect may also move.
F. Weapon Positioning
1.
Use of the (3rd eye concept).
2.
Bad positions
Volume 2 - 11/93
16
Felony Calls, continued
- by head
- by leg
3. Field of View
a. Ideally an officer should never move into a
suspect's possible field of view that the officer
can't personally cover.
b. From a practical matter never enter a suspects field
of view that your partner can't cover.
G. Working the Angles
1. Angles and distance have a distinct effect on your
personal safety.
2. Who ever sees who first in a building search clearly has
a distinct advantage.
3. By working the angles you can get the jump on the bad
guy.
a. It's a matter of time to:
- plan
- get back-up
- or react
4. Techniques that can be used to work the angles
a. slicing maneuvers
b. quick peek techniques
H. Room Entry
1. Fatal Funnel
2. Techniques of entry
I. Bathrooms
J. Hallways
1. Bouncing bullet phenomena
K. Stairways
1. up
volume 2 - 11/93
17
Felony Calls, continued
2. down
L. Suspect Contact
1. When a suspect is spotted, opt for immediate control.
2. Call out suspects location to advise suspect and other
officers that you know where the suspect is located.
3. Remain behind cover.
4. Call suspect to a safe area and do the search there.
5. Be patient.
6. Do not creep up on the situation.
Volume 2 - 11/93 18
J
SURVIVING THE BUILDING SEARCH
By Evan Marshall
Last Sunday was one of
those beautiful fall
days that makes you
think there's hope for
the human race after
all. I was trying to
get caught up on the
paper work that
routinely threatens to
bury patrol sergeants,
when the radio
suddenly came alive
with a call for help.
One of my crews
responding to a silent
alarm had encountered
two armed felon
crawling out of the
skylight of a local
supermarket. Shots
had been exchanged,
and the bad guys had
retreated back inside
the market.
It took me less than a
minute to respond to
the scene and take
control. Three hours
later, two other
officers and I exited
the building with both
in custody. While we
were criticized by
some for taking so
long, it was done
safely on my terms.
Unfortunately,
building searches are
not routinely taught
by either police
academies or my fellow
patrol supervisors, so
let's take a second to
cover some of the
important points
necessary to survive
Volume 2
such situations
The first order of
b u s i n e s s i s
containment. Make
sure all possible
exits are covered from
position of cover.
Adequate cover is
essential and
generally available.
once the bad guys are
contained, we can
begin to plan our
response. Time is
almost always on our
side.
Second, we should
obtain all the
equipment and manpower
needed. We should
remember that too many
cops can be just as
big a handicap as too
few. our span of
control is critical to
ensure officer
survival. In the
supermarket caper at
the beginning of this
column, I put a sniper
on the roof of a
nearby apartment
building and gave him
the authority to emloy
deadly force if the
bad guys exited the
skylight with a
weapon.
Third, we need
information. It's
truly amazing what you
can learn just from
talking to citizens in
the area. The owner
m
of the building should
be contacted for both
keys to the premises
and a sketch of the
interior. Those who
are chosen as the
entry team must be
given time to study
such information
before an entry is
made.
Fourth, entry team
members should be
given the opportunity
to check their
equipment and weapons
thoroughly. Once
your -re inside it's
too late to find out
that a flashlight has
weak batteries or that
you haven't got enough
shotgun ammo. While
entry team members
should be comfortable
with their equipment,
it must be pointed out
that certain things
are absolutely
essential. Team
members should be
equipped with the
following: body
armor, flashlight,
shotgun, gas mask, gas
grenades, sidearm,
mirrors, wedges for
doors, radios, extra
handcuffs, and a
battering ram.
All officers on the
outside should be
aware that the team is
going in before entry
is made. Furthermore,
the dispatcher should
ensure that everyone
at the scene is aware
of this information.
When entry is made, a
diversion should be
created at another
possible entry point
to distract the bad
guys. A room or
building should never
be entered until we've
had a chance to view
the interior. Two
officers working with
a mirror and light can
search the room or
entrance with complete
safety.
Once a room has been
searched thoroughly
(including any false
ceiling areas), the
door should be wedged
shut with a wooden
wedge. These are
easily made with a
table saw. I carry a
sack of them in the
trunk of my patrol
supervisor's vehicle.
The building should be
searched from top to
bottom whenever
possible. All
communication should
be made by hand
signals or written
messages. Remember
that you have all the
time in the world so
use it! Remember to
look up. The bad guys
we captured in the
market were hiding in
a rat -infested false
ceiling.
All people found in
the building should be
handcuffed. It's
better to apologize
later to a citizen
than to have to
apologize to an
officer's wife
regarding his death.
It's essential that
enough restraints be
available to handle
all eventualities.
Nothing should ever be
taken at face value.
Just because witnesses
only report two bad
guys doesn't mean
there aren't others.
The building should be
searched thoroughly
with extreme caution
until completed.
After you've done so,
it still wouldn't hurt
to take a quick walk
through to make sure
your wedges are still
in place. If not, I
suggest you had better
research the building.
While there are
several important
components of a
successful building
search, time is your
greatest ally. Any
bad guy will give away
his position if you
are patient enough. I
once sat in a
warehouse for four
hours with several
other tactical unit
members waiting for a
cop killer to crawl
out of his hiding
space. when he
finally did, he had
volume , - it/93 20
the most unpleasant
surprise of his life!
If you'll remember
that • the key
components of
surviving the building
search are; patience,
planning, and
decisiveness, you'll
be around to enjoy the
benefits of your
pension. If, however,
you succumb to the all
too tragically common
tendency to rush in
where angels fear to
tread, you may become
another police
statistic.
Taken from Police
Marksman: January -
February, 1983.
Volume 2 - Disk 2A
Rough Draft of a General Order being reviewed by Supervisors and Officers at
present.
J)R AFT
BUILDING SEARCHES
Date of Issue General Order Number
Effective Date Section Code
Reevaluation Date —7Amends / Cancels
C.A.L.E.A. Reference
INDEX AS:
Use of Force
Supervisory Responsibility
Building Search
Canine Procedure
Alarm/Open Door Response
I. PURPOSE
The purpose of this policy is to define the responsibilities and duties of officers when
they respond to burglar alarms or "open door" calls.
DRAFT
Ill. PROCEDURES
BURGLAR ALARMS
When a member of this department responds to a burglar alarm the officer should
respond in safe and reasonable manner. When approaching the location of the alarm
the officer should consider the deactivation of emergency lights and siren if applicable.
The officer should be observant for vehicles and/or persons leaving the immediate
area. Upon arrival at the scene the officer should not park directly in front of the
location from which the alarm is coming, instead they should park down the street from
the alarm. The officer should approach the address from as concealed of position
possible. Upon reaching the exterior of the building the officer should:
1. Check the exterior of the building for possible signs of a break-in. The
officer should also check for open doors and monitor the interior of the
building for suspicious activity.
2. It there are no signs of forcible entry, the officer should notify
communications. Communications shall attempt to contact individuals
listed on an emergency contact card and ask for a representative to
come to the location to reset the alarm. If the representative requests
that an officer accompany them into the building, the officer will do so.
3. If there are signs forced entry or attempted entry, officers should
secure the perimeter of the building. When available, back-up
officer(s) should check the immediate area for possible suspects or
other buildings which may have been entered. Communications will
contact a representative of the building, The representative shall be
requested to come to the location before an officer enters the building.
The contact will allow officers the opportunity to determine if anyone
would be expected to be in the building. A supervisor will be called to
the scene before entry is made.
4. If a determination is made to search the building, officers should
consider requesting an available canine team to assist in the search.
All canine use will comply with any applicable canine use policies and
procedures.
DRAFT
5 If a building representative can not be contacted, a supervisor will
make the determination if officers will enter the building to conduct a
search or if the building will not be entered and "extra patrol' initiated
for the building. The extra patrol request will be forwarded to
subsequent watches as applicable. Regardless of the decision to enter
or secure the building, the supervisor of the day watch will attempt to
contact a building representative the next business day. The building
representative will be informed of the date and time of the incident and
be asked to complete an emergency contact card and return it to the
Police Department. In instances where the building representative
declines to come to the scene, the watch supervisor may authorize a
search of the building if requested to do so by the building
representative.
6. In instances where there is forced or attempted entry, the lead officer
shall complete an incident report and required supplemental reports.
OPEN DOORS
When an
officer comes upon or is made aware of an open door, the following
guidelines should be adhered to.
1.
The officer(s) will secure the perimeter. Communications will contact a
building representative to come to the location before any officer
enters the building.
2.
If the building representative cannot be contacted or does not desire
to come to the location, the officer(s) will secure the building to the
extent possible and initiate an "extra patrol' request for the duration of
the watch and subsequent watches as applicable. The day watch
commander will contact the building representative the next business
day. The business representative will advised of the date and time of
the incident and be asked to complete an emergency contact card.
3.
In instances where there indications that a break-in has occurred, i.e.
door broken by force, a broken or removed window or the interior in
disarray, the watch supervisor may authorize entry by officers if the
department has not been able to make contact with a property
representative.
4.
If a determination is made to search the property, officers should
consider requesting an available canine team in assisting with the
search. All use of canine teams shall comply with canine policies and
procedures.
When a determination is made that an officer will search a building, the officer will
make the determination as to whether he/she will draw their weapon. If the officer
decides to draw his/her weapon a USE OF FORCE report shall be completed by each
oAk:er drawing their weapon. IN ALL INSTANCES OFFICERS SHALL BE GUIDED
BY THE DEPARTMENTAL USE OF FORCE POLICY.
R. J. Winkelhake, Chief of Police
This is a draft of a General Order for the use of a K-9 by the Department.
wrewu
CANINE OPERATIONS
DRAFT
Date of Issue General Order Number
Effective Date Section Code
Reevaluation Date Amends / Cancels
C.A.L.E.A. Reference
INDEX AS:
I. PURPOSE
It is the purpose of this policy to provide guidelines for the management and use of the
department's canine unit. The utilization of canines requires adherence to procedures
that properly control their use and channel their specialized capabilities into acceptable
crime prevention and control activities.
II. POLICY
It is the, policy of the Iowa City F
)lice Department to
IV
DEFINITIONS
Canine (K-9) Team: an officer handler and his/her assigned police canine.
Canine Supervisor: Commander of Field Operations
PROCEDURES
A. CANINE UTILIZATION
1. The Department's canine team is available on a 24-hour, call out basis to
conduct building searches; assist in the arrest or prevent the escape of
serious or violent offenders, protect officers or others from death or
serious injury, track suspects or locate lost or missing persons, hidden
evidence of a crime, and detect the presence of narcotics or explosives.
a. Canine teams should not be used to respond to minor complaints but
may engage in assignments not listed here with approval of the canine
supervisor or on duty watch commander.
b. Canine teams may be called upon to do public demonstrations as
assigned.
2. Canine handlers are responsible for determining whether a situation
justifies canine use and the appropriate tactical measures that should be
taken. Where the on -scene supervisor disagrees with the handler's
tactical assessment, the Commander of Field Operations should be
notified. Where time does not permit such notification, the directions of
the on -scene supervisor shall be followed.
a. Police canines shall not be handled or given commands by anyone
other than the assigned handler. Should the assigned handler be injured
or otherwise unable to command the canine, another person familiar with
the canine should be contacted for assistance.
3. Canine team assistance shall be requested from patrol officers through an
immediate supervisor. Communications center personnel will forward the
requisite information concerning the incident to the canine handler or unit
supervisor. Requests from the Investigative Section should be routed
through Investigative Supervisor on duty, or if unavailable, the request
should be routed through the on -duty watch commander. In instances
where the request comes from an active SRT response, the request will
be routed through the SRT supervisor in charge of the scene.
A CT
B. BUILDING SEARCHES FOR SUSPECTS IN HIDING
A primary use of canines is for locating suspects in buildings or related
structures where search by officers would create an unnecessary risk. All building
searches or entries shall comply with departmental directives pertaining to building
searches and entry. In addition the following guidelines apply when a canine unit is
used in the search:
1. The building perimeter shall be secured by responding personnel.
2. Whenever possible, the building's owner or tenant should be
contacted to determine whether there may be tenants or others in
the building and to ascertain the building's layout.
3. When a canine building search is anticipated, a preliminary search by
officers should not be conducted as this will interfere with the canine's
ability to discriminate scents.
4. On -scene personnel should take the following steps in preparation
for the canine search:
a. Evacuate all tenants, workers or others from the facility.
b. Request that all air moving equipment be shut down.
5. The canine should not be used to search facilities that contain
substances potentially harmful to the animal unless overriding risk to
human life is present.
6. Before commencing the search, the handler or other designated
person shall loudly announce that there are police officers on the
premises and that a trained police canine will be released if the individual
does not surrender. This statement shall be repeated at least once.
Under normal circumstances the canine unit shall wait at least 3 minutes
prior to entry of the structure, to allow the suspect to respond. In multi-
level buildings, this warning shall be repeated at each new level. In
instances of large single level structures, discretion should be used as to
whether more than one announcement is appropriate. The time of the
announcement(s) should be relayed to communications for inclusion in
the CAD but in any case shall be noted in the canine officers incident
report.
7. Prior to entry, all exits should be secured or placed under observation,
and communications assigned to a designated frequency and limited to a
tactical nature.
B. The decision as to whether the search should be conducted on or off
lead will be made by the handler based on the information available at the
r.T
time. In instances where there are substances present which may pose a
risk to the canine, the search should be conducted on lead.
9. When apprehending suspects in these or related circumstances.
canines shall be commanded to disengage as soon as the suspect is
subdued or readily complies with officers commands.
10. Assisting officers should not walk between the canine and the
suspect unless specifically instructed to do so by the handler.
11. The arrestee should not be transported in the same vehicle with the
canine unless alternative transportation is not available and immediate
transport is essential for safety or security reasons.
C. REPORTS REQUIRED
Use of specially trained police canines for law enforcement responsibilities
constitutes a real or implied use of force. In this as in other cases, officers may only
use that degree of force that reasonably appears necessary to apprehend or secure a
suspect as governed by this departments Use of Force policy. In all instances where a
canine is deployed in a tactical situation, an incident report shall be submitted as well -
as the departmental Use of Force report. Whenever a canine apprehends an individual
with physical contact, whether or not in the line -of -duty, the handler shall:
1. Summon a supervisor to the scene.
2. Examine the affected area to determine the seriousness of the bite
or injury.
3. Obtain medical treatment for the person, medical personnel should
examine the affected area irrespective of the perceived
seriousness of the bite or injury.
4. Take color photographs of the affected area. If possible prior to
and following medical treatments
5. Complete an incident report whenever it has been known or
alleged that a canine has apprehended or otherwise injured an
individual. The report shall detail the circumstances surrounding
the incident, the identity of the individual involved and any
witnesses, the extent of the injuries if known, and measures taken
in response to the incident. A Use of Force report shall also be
filled out. Copies of the incident report shall be forwarded to the
Commander of Field Operations prior to the end of the watch.
D. CROWD CONTROL
1. Canine teams shall not be used for crowd control for peaceful
demonstrations.
CRAFT
2. Canine teams shall be used for crowd control only upon approval
of the watch commander or canine supervisor, to protect against theft or
property damage during a riot or other major unauthorized gathering that
cannot be controlled by other means. In these situations canines shall.
a. be short leashed at all times unless no other means are
available to protect an individual from serious injury; and
b. not initiate any offensive action, unless to guard against
imminent loss of life or serious bodily injury.
E. DRUG DETECTION
Use of police canines in a drug detection capacity is authorized in the following
situations and under the following conditions:
1. The canine unit supervisor shall maintain records that document
the use and proficiency of individual canines in drug detection. This
documentation shall be readily available to canine officers and others who
may need it when seeking warrants.
2. Random exploratory sniffing of luggage, packages or other
inanimate objects may be conducted in public facilities such as airports,
and bus terminals, as authorized by the canine unit supervisor or other
authorized command officer and in accordance to State and Federal
statues.
a. When a drug detection canine alerts to luggage or related
items, a warrant or consent to search must be obtained before it is
opened unless exigent circumstances exist to conduct and on -site
search.
3. Sniffing of an individual's person is permitted in circumstances
when there is reasonable suspicion to believe that the individual is
in possession of illegal narcotics.
4. The use of drug detection canines in public schools is permitted
only when:
a. the school's principal or designated authority requests or
approves use of the canines.
b. there is reasonable suspicion to believe that illegal narcotics
are being distributed and/or consumed on the premises such that
the interests of the school are being unacceptably compromised;
and
c. the search is limited to inanimate objects in public areas and
the exterior of student lockers unless reasonable suspicion exists
to gain admission to lockers and related areas where there is a
reasonable expectation of privacy.
5. Drug -sniffing canines may be used to sniff motor vehicles when;
a. reasonable suspicion exists to believe the operator or
passengers are in possession of illegal narcotics; or
b. during a valid vehicle stop, the canine is used to sniff the
vehicle's exterior in an exploratory manner. Unless the canine
alerts to the vehicle, the operator may not be detained longer than
necessary to conclude the business associated with the initial stop.
6. Sniffs of the exterior of residences, either individual dwellings or
the common areas of multiple unit dwellings are not permitted without a
search warrant.
TRACKING
Police canines are available with supervisory approval to track missing persons
or suspects, or to locate evidence that the supervisor has reason to believe has
been abandoned or hidden in a specified open area. Such searches are subject
to the following conditions and limitations:
1. When officers are pursuing suspects and contact with the suspect
is lost, the officer, prior to summoning a canine team shall:
a. stop and pinpoint the location where the suspect was last
seen
b. shut off engines of vehicles in the area if possible; and
c. avoid vehicle or foot movement in the area where the suspect
or subject was last seen.
2. Canines used for tracking persons should remain on a leash of
sufficient length to provide a reasonable measure of safety to the
subject of the search without compromising the canine's tracking
abilities.
3. Canine teams should not be used to locate small children unless
there is a reasonable suspicion of foul play or a belief that serious bodily
harm or death will occur if the child is not located immediately. Where the
use of a canine is deemed necessary, the risks of attack to the subject
shall be explained to the parents or next of kin and their approval
obtained to use the dog.
4. Canine teams should not be used to apprehend persons suspected
to be under the influence of alcohol or drugs or the mentally disturbed, if
no other crime is involved.
CANINE USE
1. Teasing, agitating or roughhousing with police canine is strictly
prohibited unless performed as part of a training exercise.
2. Handlers shall not permit anyone to pet or hug their canine without
their permission and immediate supervision. Should a civilian express a
desire to do so, they should be informed that police canines are working
dogs and they can be dangerous if improperly approached.
OUTSIDE USE OF CANINES
1. Handlers will not offer or provide the services of the police canine
for use to any outside agency without supervisor approval. The
on -duty shift supervisor will make the decision and grant or deny
approval for the K-9 unit to respond to the requesting agency. The
supervisor will consider the current availability of units within the
city prior to authorizing the use of the unit outside the city.
2. Emergency requests for the canine unit which occur when the
canine unit is off -duty, will be cleared by the watch commander and
coordinated with the canine unit.
CANINE USE AND CARE
Canines are the sole property of the Iowa City Police Department and assigned
to the selected officer(s) as a law enforcement tool. The canine officer has assigned
responsibilities to maintain the animal, but the animal may be reassigned at the
discretion of the Chief of Police.
1. Police canines shall not be used for breeding, participation in
shows, field trials, exhibitions or demonstrations without prior
approval of the Chief of Police or his/her designee.
2. Canine handlers are personally responsible for the daily care and
feeding of the their animal to include but not limited to:
a. maintenance and cleaning of the kennel and yard area
where the canine is housed;
b. provision of food, water and general diet maintenance as
prescribed by the departmentally authorized veterinarian;
c. grooming on a daily basis, or more often as required by
weather, working conditions or other factors;
d. daily exercise (police canines are not permitted to run at
large);
e. general medical attention and maintenance of health
care records.
The kennel area of the officers residence is subject to inspection by the
Chief of Police or his/her designee. Any records pertaining to the canine which are
housed at the officers home are also subject to review.
VETERINARY SERVICE
A licensed veterinarian will be chosen by the City to supply such veterinary
services as needed. Periodic examinations will be arranged by the veterinarian for the
canine. All medical treatments will be administered through the veterinarians orders.
in an extreme emergency the handler may utilize the nearest available veterinarian.
r '
The handler will notify the City veterinarian as to the illness or injury of the canine, and
treatment given, as soon as possible.
R. J. Winkelhake, Chief of Police
FP.E_n
98 NOV -6 AN 8: 13
C1 i 1CL _RK
IOWA CITY, IOWA
Department Memorandum 98-73
DATE: November 5, 1998
TO: Chief Winkelhake
Commanders
FROM: Captain Widmer
SUBJECT: September and October Use of Force Review
The bi-monthly "Use of Force Review" Committee met on November 5, 1998. The
committee was composed of the following personnel;
Captain Harney
Captain Widmer
Sgt. Steffen
Officer Hewlett
A review of the reports submitted during the month of September (32 incidents-47
reports) and October (41 incidents-68 reports) revealed four improperly filled -out forms,
one caution as to the attitude projected in the narrative, and three incidents where possible
training issues may be involved.
Al Any officer attempt at humor or writing that projects grandeur may convey an attitude
that is not the one desired for an Iowa City Officer. The narratives should be short and to
the point.
#2 If an officer finds themselves in a position where they do not have a handcuff key to
double -lock the cuffs, use an ink pen as an alternative.
#3 The proper placement of the shot to destroy a deer is in the head. Chest shots are not
advised unless there are extenuating circumstances. Improperly placed shots result in
multiple shots having to be attempted. For a deer, imagine a line from each eye crossing
over to opposite ear. Where those lines would intersect is your mark. The shot should be
fired from the front towards the deer's back.
Reports with noted discrepancies are being returned to the respective commanders.
ICPD TRARSHNG
o
CO
DATE: November 2, 1998
TO: Chief W Winkelhake
:--
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_
FROM: Captain Widmer
REF: October Training Report
INVESTIGATION OF FINANCIAL CREWES
(October 5-9)
Iowa Law Enforcement Academy
Officer Gass
This training is conducted by instructors from Northwestern Traffic Institute. It is
targeted for officers with responsibility for investigating cases involving fraud, checks, and
other cases of a financial nature. Topics presented include techniques of financial
interviewing, insurance fraud investigations, obtaining sources of information, paper trails
and tracing funds, examining bank records, and credit card fraud.
(October 7) 4 hours — first offering
Mobile Team Training Unit IVAMinois State Police
Officers Jacobs and Hart
Criminal Interdiction is a program based upon officer awareness which is directed toward
the interdiction of contraband transported by aircraft, in baggage or freight, as well as by
vehicles which utilize public roadways. The program concentrates on developing the
officers observational and conversational capabilities to develop the probable cause foe a
reasonable search.
TIPS RECERTIFICATION
(October 8-9)
Des Moines
Officers Akers & Mebus
This trainer re -certification allows the officers to teach TIPS (Training for Intervention
ProcedureS) to sellers and consumers of alcohol to facilitate effective intervention
techniques to prevent problem situations. This educational program has been well
received by the Iowa City business community as a crime prevention function.
FALL FIREARMS QUALIFICATION
(October 12-16)
Cedar Rapids Range
60 Officers
During this training, officers are required to demonstrate proficiency with their duty issue
.40 caliber handgun as well as the 12 gauge shotgun. This is done on a standardized
course of fire which includes shooting during hours of darkness.
LEIN CONFERENCE
(October 19-21)
Des Moines
Lt. Sellers, Lt. Wyss, Sgt. Brotherton, Officer Knock
This annual re-training is for officers who are graduates of the Iowa Law Enforcement
Intelligence Network. The purpose of the group is interagency cooperation and sharing of
information for common goals. Topics this year included the Oklahoma bombing,
telemarketing fraud, investigating computer crime/seizing a computer, criminal
apprehensionlmterdiction and the Los Angeles Bank Robbery/Shooting.
SPECIAL RESPONSE TEAM TRAINING
(October 27)
Cedar Rapids Police Range
16 SRT Officers
Assigned officers demonstrated proficiency in the MP-5 and the shotgun in a set
qualification course. Team members also practiced drills on a bus assault with the aid of
Cedar Rapids response team members.
CRDCWAL INTERDICTION
(October 28) 4 hours — second offering
Mobile Team Training Unit IV/Minois State Police
Officers Clarahan & Hoeft
Criminal Interdiction is a program based upon officer awareness which is directed toward
the interdiction of contraband transported by aircraft, in baggage or freight, as well as by
vehicles which utilize public roadways. The program concentrates on developing the
officers observational and conversational capabilities to develop the probable cause foe a
reasonable search
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SUPERVISING rEOPLE EFFECTIVELY SEMINAR
(October 29)
Coralville — IC Area Chamber of Commerce
Sgt. Jackson
This seminar, presented by Management Associates from Sioux City, clarifies the choices
effective supervisors and managers can make to generate high employee commitment. It
provides the insight needed to tap the motivation employees bring with them to the
workplace.
IOWA CRIME FREE MULTI -HOUSING PROGRAM
(October 29-30/Td day 4 hours)
Kirkwood Community College/Cedar Rapids Police Department
Officer Singelman
This program is designed to create a partnership between the police department and rental
property ownerstmanagers. It helps residents and managers control and prevent illegal
activity in a multi -housing environment, thus improving the quality of life. Officer
Singelman will be developing a program that is Iowa City specific to use as part of our
crime prevention/neighborhood policing services.
Copy: City Manager
PCRB
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To:
Chief Winkelhake
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From:
Officer Joel Myers
Ref:
Monthly Activity Ro�rt
(Oct9il
Date:
November 2, 1998
n
Copy:
Captain Widmer
During the period covered by this report, nine officers spent a total of
26-1/2 hours participating in more than 17 community events and had
contact with more than 830 citizens. Listed is an overview of the
different events.
On Oct. 30 the I. C. Recreation Center used the McGruff costume as
part of their Halloween Parade.
On Oct. 29 Officer Berg presented a Neighborhood Watch follow-up
meeting on Sandusky Dr. lasting 1 hour for 5 persons.
On Oct. 28 Officer Berg presented a Neighborhood Watch follow-up
meeting on California Ave lasting 1 hour for 8 persons.
On Oct. 28 Officer Gonzalez made a Gang presentations to 75 thirteen
year -olds over 5 hours at S. E. Jr. High.
On Oct. 27 Chief Winkelhake and Officer Myers participated in a panel
discussion about police issues at West High. 15 students listened to
comments by officers concerning important issues and they asked
questions. The officers spent 2 hours at the event.
On Oct. 23 Officer Berg made an OWI presentation to 50 City High
Driver's Ed. Students. The presentations took 2 hours.
On Oct. 23 Officer Singleman participated in the Russo I Pumpkin
Party. While spending 1-1/2 hours at the event, he made contact with
more than 200 persons by handing out stickers and cop cards.
On Oct. 22 Officer Berg made an OWI presentation to 50 City High
Driver's Ed. Students spending 2 hours at the school.
On Oct. 22 Officer Berg presented a Neighborhood Watch follow-up
meeting on Ridge St. to 10 persons lasting 1 hour.
Community Relations Monthly Activity Report
-1-
On Oct. 22 Officer Boland made a bike safety presentation to 15 cub
scouts at St. Mark's Church. She spent 30 minutes at the event
discussing safety and rules of the road.
On Oct. 22 Officer Singleman made a presentation to 9 pre-school
children and 4 adults at Hope's Garden Child Care concerning
Halloween safety. It lasted 30 minutes.
On Oct. 21 Officer Shaffer made a 2 hour presentation to 15 seniors on
the topic of personal safety that included Q & A. The presentation was
in a residence on Ridge St.
On Oct. 20 Officer Berg presented a Neighborhood Watch
Organizational Meeting on Post Rd for 25 persons over 1-1/2 hours.
On Oct. 15 Sergeant Lalla spoke to 70 cub scouts and adults regarding
being a detective and how clues are used to solve crimes. She spent
1-1/4 hours interacting with them.
On Oct. 12 Captain Widmer was part of a forum for parents and
students concerning driver safety at City High. He spent'/4 hour with
Q & A while making contact with 50 citizens.
On Oct. 8 Officer Berg addressed 10 teens and parents at the Juvenile
Court Office concerning theft prevention for 30 minutes.
On Oct. 7 Officer Berg presented a Neighborhood Watch organizational
meeting on Princeton Rd to 20 persons for 1-1/2 hours.
On Oct. 7 Officer Myers made a bike and pedestrian safety
presentation to 80 1t and 2nd graders at Longfellow school. He spent
one hour at the school Interacting with the kids.
On Oct. 7 Officer Myers participated in the U of I Homecoming Sports
Night at Old Capitol Mall. He spent 3 hours interacting with kids,
signing autographs and handing out cop cards. He made contact with
200 kids.
On Oct. 6 Officer Berg presented a Neighborhood Watch follow-up
meeting on Abbey Ln. for 1 hour to 5 persons.
`", 7 Q'u STj%/ t
C.Ur.7 r-j 1� c R
Community Relations Monthly Activity Report
-2-