HomeMy WebLinkAbout1977-12-20 Info PacketCity of Iowa Co
MEMORANDUM
DATE: December 16, 1977
TO: City Council
FROM: -.City Manager'
RE: Material, in Friday's Packet
Memoranda from the City Manager concerning the Old Jet proposed agreement.
µa sY:B Memoranda from the Traffic Engineer, regarding Loading Zone on College Street.
4 2. �,9 Memoranda from the Fieldhouse attorneyconcerning its liquor license.
4 29 o Correspondence regarding the Alley Paving Project. R2 by Wolf Construction.,,
429 The Finance Department Act'vity,Report.
q 25 2 Memoranda from the Housing Commission concerning housing maintenance and
occupancy code (HMO).
Memoranda concerning the Parking Study. :, ' %rt<',,: /•.'
y i9s A comprehensive planning report on economics.
4294 Agenda for the Riverfront Commission meeting of December 14th.
ri
Memoranda for Councilman Balmer from Administrative Assistant Schreiber
4297 concerning U.A.Y..
4 290 A copy of an article regarding collective bargaining.
i.
i/ 300 Pamphlets from the Public Library concerning:
a. winter Sunday films
b. soccer movies'
:4301 Copy of letcer'from Winnie Brooks to Council re proposals for use
r.
of Old Post Office Building.',
4130 2 Agenda for 12/14/77 meeting of Parks &.Recreation Comm.
via 0 3 Memo from Asst. City Atty. to Council & Airport Comm. 're fund-raising
powers of the Airport Comm.
L/363q No+,'ct oF,'p•h. ou FFdeaq/7?EulNyf shngiN,y f4udr
(ase d.4 y /979 Wh'A wAs hE?q� C[ty
1]
CITY OF
Mr. Pete Peterson
Chairman, Airport Commission
107 Post Road
Iowa City, Iowa 52240
Dear Pete,
0
OWA CITY
December 16, 1977
Several weeks ago you provided a draft copy of a proposed agreement
between the Airport Commission and the Memorial Committee for the maintenance
of the F-86. The legal staff has now reviewed the draft and a revised copy
is enclosed for your information and execution.
As the jet will be displayed on Airport property, the agreement will
be between the Airport Commission and the Veterans' groups.
Also please make arrangements with Denny Peterson for delivery of
the plane to the airport and a secure place for storage on site until
permanent display is possible.
As the City Staff has now completed all work related to repairs,
all future matters relative to the plane should be coordinated by the
Airport Commission.
cc: City Council
Airport Commission
28
AaUnNP
'Phis Agreement is entered into Wtl,& m the Johnson (busty Veteran's Council
(hereinafter the Hxmrial Connittec) and the Iowa City Airport Camdssion (here-
inafter the Commission).
MLL*IEA.S, the United States Air Form has previously decaTudssioned one F-86
fighter airplane (ocaonly known as "Old Jet") and mde it available for display
purposes in Iowa City, and
MMMA.S, the Johnson County Veteran's Council mde up of representatives from:
has formed a Memorial Cexmdttee to maintain said airplane as a remrial to the
veterans of past wars, and
WHEREAS, the Iowa City Airport Commission has granted the Memorial Committee
and its predecessors (named or unnamed) permission to locate said airplane on the
premises of the Iowa City Airport, and to periodically hold memorial services at the
site of said airplane.
NOW, THEREFORE, the parties do hereby agree as follows:
1. The Manorial Committee hereby agrees to:
(a) erect and maintain said airplane so it is not a hazard to the
public, in accordance with all applica,le federal, state, and local codes
and regulations.
(b) carry public liability insurance on said airplane in the amount of
$100,000 for one occurrence, $300,000 aggregate.
0
-2- •
(c) rcpair any damage to Ude airpl,vie, (whether from vancials, collision,
or weather) within a reasonable time after such dvnage has occurred including
damage to supports, frame, skin, paint, or plastic canopy.
(d) refinish Ude airplane, its supports, arca its insignia at regular
intervals so it will retain a new appearance at all times, arca for all intents
and purposes, look like an operational aircraft.
2. The Commission hereby agrees to allow the Memorial Crnmittee to keep the
F-86 fighter airplane on the premises of the Iowa City Airport for the duration
of this Agreement.
3. If the Menorial Committee ever wishes to dispose of the airplane, it is
hereby agreed that it will take whatever steps are required to legally dispose of
the aircraft as per Air Force or other applicable regulations in effect at that
time.
4. If, in the opinion of the Commission, said airplane is not maintained in
such a manner as to be a credit to the United States Air Force, or the Iowa City
Airport, it will notify the Memorial Cc nnittee by certified mail, return receipt
requested, that repair or maintenance is necessary; if the Memorial Camtittee fails
to perform such repairs or maintenance within sixty (60) days, it is agreed that
the Camdssion may take whatever steps are necessary to move, sell, or legally
dispose of said aircraft.
5. Either party may terminate this Agreement upon ninety (90) days written
notice sent certified mail, return receipt requested. The Memorial Committee agrees
to remove the aircraft from the Iowa City Airport within thirty (30) days of the
effective date of termination.
Agreed upon this _ day of , 19_, at Iowa City, Iowa.
JOINS0N GOWN VL'ITUWS CQINCIL
BY:
NZ
Address
IOWA CITY AIRPORT COMMISSION
zz
to
0 City of Iowa CIO
LTJ
DAT11 December 16, 1977
TO: The Honorable Mayor and City Council
FROM: James Brachtel, Traffic Engineer
RE: Loading Zone 100 Block College Street
As directed by Chapter 6.02.01 of Title VI of the Municipal
Code this is to advise you of the following action:
ACTION:
Pursuant to Chapter 6.15.01 the Traffic Engineer will cause
the north and south side of the west 80 feet of east College
Street between Dubuque and Clinton to become a loading zone
effective December 30, 1977.
COMMENT:
At the present time, this area is designated as a Commercial
Vehicle Loading Zone which limits the area to only commercial
vehicles. Abutting and nearby merchants have noted certain
problems have developed due to this designation. The action
cited above is being taken in an attempt to reduce the problems
cited by local merchants. The center portion of College Street
will be maintained as a no parking, standing or stopping area
to protect the fire lane in this block.
cc: Neal Berlin
Dick Plastino
Paul Glaves
Don Akin
F1T. E D
DEC 161977
ABBIESTOLFUS
CITY CLERK
M'A
EMIL O. TROTT •
ROBERT W. JANE EN
R. DOUGLAS BRAMHALL
TR13TT & JANSEN
R. DOU13LAS BRAMHALL
ATTORNEYS AT LAW
9 SOUTH LINN ■TRE[T
IOWA CITY. IOWA 52240
isAREA 000[]191
p1AL 530.9484
TO: Members of the Iowa City, Iowa
City Council
FROM: R. Douglas Bramhall,
Attorney for Pzazz Entertainment Limited (Fieldhouse)
DATE: December 15, 1977
RE: Fieldhouse
The purpose of this memorandum is to set forth the position
of the Fieldhouse ("licensee") as to the factual background giving
rise to the hearing to be held December 20, 1977, the purpose of
which is to consider the suspension of the liquor license and
beer permit of the licensee.
In a memorandum from Harvey D. Miller, Police Chief, dated
November 2, 1977, a copy of which was previously provided to you,
an alleged violation of state and local law is set forth as one
of two basis for bringing this matter before you. The charge
filed alleges a violation of the following provision of Iowa law
as set forth in Chapter 123, Code of Iowa (1977).
§123.49 Miscellaneous Prohibition
1. ---
2. No person or club holding a liquor
control license or retail beer permit
under this chapter, nor his agents
or employees, shall do any of the
following:
g)
b) Sell or dispense any alcoholic beverage
or beer on the premises covered by the
license or permit, or permit the con-
sumption thereon between the hours of
two A.M. and six A.M. on any weekday....
M
Stephen Kirk, who, as the AIIof011 r"-"Atrt ,!' Stie' ;t,eua++e,
was the individual charged with the ehnvt 0o.'ai lock, hr,+ not
been convicted of such violationI I fie, e».«+y pt ;h.. polni
to preserve, for possible future* lef,a! p+.+I' h. k • the '10; t toh
of the licensee that a conviction, ab opp.Incd t, an a,lat:.nd
violation, is a prerequlaite to thu ousiveneto++ .-+ rMv.,.•i iw of
a license or permit based the allep,e•d ottei,ec '114c t'tt;F lcgsl
staff has taken a contrary poattion No nrpwnrnt
the legal dispute is raised tit this arse, but kill ha It "eh
action becomes necessary.
While admitting no wrong doing, Mr Kitk 6..: valur.tarily
resigned as manager of the licenee�a. Although such Action
does not negate the violation alleged, it does provide evidence
that the matter has been internally corrected and is aseuranco
to you that no further action on your part is rcqutrod.
It should also be pointed out that all individuals present
in the Fieldhouse at the time of the Arrest of Mr. Kirk were
employees who were on dtity the night of November 1-2, 1977,
and who were in the process of cleaning up following the close
of business on the night in question. There were no customers
or '+patrons" present as was set forth in news articles concerning
this matter.
The second basis for bringing this matter before you as
set forth in the previously noted memorandum of November 2, 1977,
is the allegation taht the Iowa City Police Department was
"summoned to the Fieldhouse Bar twenty-nine times during cal-
endar 1976 and twenty-seven times thus far in calendar 1977."
The clear inference to be drawn from such statement is that the
licensee is a trouble spot in Iowa City, when such is not in
fact the case.
Below is a summary of the records referred to for 1977:
1. 10-28-77; an individual called police to report that
she felt threatened by a person waiting
outside and requested assistance.
2. 10-27-77
3. 10-26-77 All of these matters were reports, either
4. 10-24-77 in person or by telephone, to the Police
5. 10-13-77 Department for insurance purposes setting
6. 10-15-77 forth items of stolen property, and in
7. 9-23-77 none of these instances were police summoned
8. 8-20-77 to the Fieldhouse.
9. 1-13-77
10. 1-14-77
11
11. 10-25-77;
•
-3-
A police officer found the front door
unlocked and called the management to
lock the same.
12.
10-22-77
Each of these matters
involved reports
13.
10-19-77
of assualts either by
individuals in -
14.
9-19-77
volved in two instances
or requests for
15.
8-12-77
police assistance made
by Fieldhouse
16.
4-22-77
employees in the other
three instances.
17. 10-19-77; An individual injured in one of the
incidents reported by Fieldhouse employees
telephoned to report he wished to press
charges against his assailant.
18. 8-25-77; Fieldhouse manager reported a hospital
walk -away was present at the establishment
and requested police assistance.
19. 9-4-77; Front door reported unlocked and management
called to come to building to secure and
lock it.
20. 8-23-77; The Fieldhouse manager reported an ill
person needed assispance but refused an
ambulance. Police responded and took
the individual to a hospital.
21. 6-14-77; An officer pulled the door open and set
off the alarm.
22. 4-29-77; The Fieldhouse management telephoned
police to report a window broken in a
business next door.
23. 5-10-77; A report of a person having fallen down
the stairs was telephoned to police. The
subject refused treatment.
24. 3-8-77; Iowa City Fire Department reported it was
responding to a kitchen fire.
25. and 26. 1-6-77; Fieldhouse management requested
assistance. Patron was charged with
intoxication.
As the foregoing indicates, not one of the above matters
involves a violation of the law by the licensee. In most in-
stances of the police being actually summoned, the request originated
from Fieldhouse employees and management. The most concerning matters
noted above involve arguments and altercations. Such matters in a
popular establishment cannot be avoided. In requesting police as-
sistance when such matters occur, the Fieldhouse has attempted to
-ti-
0
discourage such conduct by derioubtrating that leg.il ramifi-
cations will he involved, and that each conduct will not be
over -looked or tolerated. Additionally, the Fieldhouse feels
that in reporting altercations, it is fulfilling its duty to
aid in the enforcement of the law.
The duty has been placed upon you, as the local licensing
authorityto consider suspending or revoking the liquor and
beer permit of the Fieldhouse. Convictions for certain vio-
lations of the Deer and Liquor Control laws require such action.
However, the allesstions of a violation in this case make such
action purely discretionary. I would urge you to exercise your
sound discretion in this matter by recommending that no action
be taken to suspend or revoke for the following reasons.
In the first instance, the offense charged against the
individuals is punishable as a simple misdemeanor under Iowa
law. The additional action of license suspension or revocation
seems extremely drastic based on a first offense that Iowa law
deems to be of a minor nature.
Secondly, the Fielhouse is presently undergoing a change
in ownership and management. The incident giving rise to this
hearing is in fact the first alleged offense against the estab-
lishment and internal changes now being made will insure that
there will be no activities which would give rise to any further
allegations of this or Pny other type. To penalize the new
ownership and management for prior alleged activities is extremely
harsh in view of their efforts to correct the matter internally.
Third, the Fieldhouse represents a substantial, locally
owned enterprise. It serves the needs of not only university
students, but of civic organizations such as the Optimist Club
and Kiwanis by providing meeting facilities and noon luncheons
and of downtown business people. The interests of the citizens
of Iowa City would be better served by allowing such an enter-
prise to continue to serve their needs.
Additionally, there is local precedent for your recommending
that no action be taken. Prior to you giving consideration to
taking action against a license or permit, the police department
makes its recommendation that you do so, which has been done with
regard to the Fithehsame chargesdwereprior filedtbythe IowalCitydPolicetion
in this matter, g
involving another local licensee, yet no action was recommended
in that instance. A discretionary decision not to proceed was
therefore made. It would seem inconsistent for you to recommend
revocation or suspension at this time given fact that such
recommendation was not made under similar if not identical,
circumstances.
I would therefore respectfully urge you to exercise your
sound discretion by recommending that no further action be
taken against the liquor license and beer permit of the Field-
house. In so doing, I believe substantial justice will be
obtained and that your duty will be fulfilled.
11
MEAROON, SUEPPEt-
N111 `IN \ ML NNUOF
W III iAu 1 M1UIYI(\
11U1,11�� N IIOW N(N
JaNI'a N NaCINN1GF[N
M4NN J CI1[I
NNhe I IUN[N
InON1'.O nOrNNI
NIh41N[1 L [NIN\ON
Mr. Eugene A. Dietz, P.E.
City Engineer
Civic Center
410 E. Washington Street
Iowa City, Iowa 52240
0
DOWNER 6 HAYES
LAWYLHs
1/I (uu1N 11N1 NIN. \1
IOWA CITY, IOWA Zaa4O I
December 14, 1977
1
Re: Wolf Construction, Inc. - City of Iowa City
Alley Paving Project #2
Dear Mr. Dietz:
1[\I •NONI
II• rI11
``^y/INMI [OU[ Nr
67' tt4t
This letter is being written to you in response to the letter addressed to my
client, Wolf Construction, Inc., and dated December 7, 1977. As I indicated
to the City Council last night at the regular meeting, a response to your letter
would be made not later than 5: 00 P.M. on this date by virtue of my understanding
of the time when a response was required.
It is our opinion that we have, through the contents of our letter dated December 6,
1977, in good faith attempted to negotiate a settlement of this matter using a fair
and Impartial expert to be obtained at Mr. Wolf Is expense and we are greatly
disappointed to have received your denial of our attempt to compromise the
problem In a fair and equitable way.
Notwithstanding our disappointment and regret at what we believe to be an
unreasonable and arbitrary use of discretion by you, the economics of the
situation compel us to accept the ultimatum expressed in your letter. Accordingly,
Mr. Wolf will:
1. Immediately take steps to protect the work by installing crushed
stone and asphalt in the approaches thereby permitting use of the alley by motorists,
residents and other pedestrians.
2. At the first reasonable opportunity during the spring of 1978, remove
the work which you find objectionable, replace the same in accordance with City
sp^clflcatlons and complotn the remainder of the project.
WLM: imp
cc: Neal Berlin
Angela Ryan
Richard Plastino
United Fire and Casualty Company
Robert 11. Wolf
I Ik %11. 111.1,WMI NI ACI n Ill RLIMI
NIA INIVR, 111"
DI A'AR OWNI A I. l l LU.S
I. 10 ovaltettt' the use of City -owned or leased c(Nigwter c(iuii nctit and provide
written recomincndations to the City Manager:
Final meetings were held with computer vendors to establish general speci-
fications and ,.rices of equipment required by tho City. Discussions were
also held with Bruce Uemninger of the University computer staff to formulate
final recommendations.
II. 'fo complete a City risk management evaluation:
1) 3 -year audit for Workmen's Comp. completed, refund granted for low loss experience.
2) Safety Committee structure was discussed with Fire Chief, with the
Committee's first meeting scheduled for January.
3) Health Insurance - discussions were held with Blue Cross/Blue Shield and
Equitable on providing the best possible health coverage. City will
remain with Blue Cross but may let the health insurance contract out
for bids for the next contract period.
111. Implement an efficient and economical City microfilming program which would
reduce archival storage space, facilitate retrieval, and allow second copies
of valuable records to be economically reproduced and stored for safety:
The work on this project to date, along with preliminary recommendations
and costs have been summarized. Courses of action have been planned and
initiated so that questionable recommendation areas may be firmed up.
IV. Implement an accrual accounting system for all City funds:
Work continued on implementation of accrual accounting.
V. Improve the collection of utility billings:
Scheduled a meeting for 12113 with apartment owners/managers to discuss
the implementation of a new procedure. The purpose of the procedure is to
discontinue the $5.00 connection fee and transfer the account into the
landlord's name for a thirty day period if no tenant is living in the rental
unit. In return, the owner/manager must inform the City if tenant moves
and the effective date.
ACCOUNTING SUBGOAL ACTIVITY
- time spent on finalizing the conversion to a bi-weekly payroll system.
- Accovnting Division budget prepared.
- Controller worked on summarizing the initial decision unit budget submissions.
TREASURY SUBGOAL ACHVITY
- efforts were made to clean out the Finance area of the retention room. Some
records were sorted for easier accessibility. A preliminary retention schedule
was prepared for input from division heads and Finance Director.
VA
I inance Activity Repo rt -2- November, 1'I"
TR1 iASIJRY nN I S ION (CONI . )
Planned December Activity:
1) preparation of Internal Revenue Service information for Police and fire
Pension it Retirement Systems.
2) compute annual interest and prepare statement for year-end totals of
Police and Fire individual contributions.
3) perform a semi-annual review and reconciliation of investment
transactions and bond payment.
PURCHASING SUBGOAL. ACfIVITY
PDP:
- problems experienced with the refuse collection portion of the utility
bill were documented and solutions worked out.
- considerable effort spent and progress made on the computerization of
the accounts payable/encumbrance system.
- implementation work performed on bi-weekly payroll conversion.
- miscellaneous projects included: mailing labels produced for employee
assistance program mailing, City survey mailing.
OTl IHR:
- bids received on sale of old fire truck - sold to {Vest Branch group for
$3,001.
- time spent on implementation of new uniform service contract.
- bids received for snow plows, park shelters, ASAP patrol car, Park
tractor.
- formulated Purchasing's FY79 Budget.
ADMINISTRATION SUBGOAL ACTIVITY
- Admin. Asst. attended property tax conference at Drake University.
Major topic discussed was the different property tax rate for rural
and urban properties.
BUDGL'T:
- Revenue projections for FY79 were gathered from department and division
heads and submitted to the City Manager.
- Discussions with individual department and division heads on Zero Base
Program Budgeting.
- Budgets due on November 21 and preliminary review was begun.
*city o4 Iowa Cit*
MEMORANDUM
DATE: Decarber 19, 1977
TO: City Council Members
FROM: Robert Hibbs, Housing Commission Chairperson
RE: Housing Maintenance and Occupancy Code (FMO)
I am pleased to report to you that the Housing Commission is nearing completion
of its first review of the Housing Maintenance and occupancy Code as drafted
by the City Staff. During the period since late in September when the
Crnmission received its first complete draft from Staff, the Commission has
held five special meetings called specifically to work with the 1M0, in
addition to regular meetings, one of which was used primarily to work on the
FIM0. These meetings have averaged over 215 hours each in length with an average
of five commissioners present(our present membership is six). This represents
approximately 15 hours per commissioner in work at meetings with the R%10 to
to date, in addition to individual "hanework". Personally, I am pleased with
the effort of the individuals who make up the Ccnmission, as well as with the
result of this work to date. I feel a Code is being developed that will be
both fair and reasonable, and workable. I suspect, however, that some of its
provisions will beoane controversial.
It is necessary that the Commission take a "holiday" from the HMO at its
meetings for about three weeks. The Coamission will not be idle during
this period, nor will work on the HMO cease. The Commission has meetings
sceduled December 21 and January 4 to deal with other aspects of housing,
including revision of the Housing Assistance Plan (HAP) and with housing
aspects of iplementation of the HCDA Block Grant funding. It may beanie
necessary, as well, if the Council designates the Commission to hear Housing
Cale appeals as is now indicated, for the Commission to have "training periods"
of sane sort during January. As to the HM0 during this period, effort will be
directed toward some additional drafting work, and to individual research and
consideration of a chapter on rent withholding. During this period, as well,
the Commission will have a subcommittee working with Staff on a redraft of an
HYD chapter on roaming houses.
It now appears to me that by mid-January, the Commission will have an 1110 draft
ready for additional public consideration. At that time, it is the Commission's
intention to solicit public input at a public meeting held by the Commission.
At some brief period subsequent to such a public meeting, the Commission will be
ready to reccauend an IIID to the City Council for consideration.
If you have any questions, please feel free to call me, or I am available to meet
with the Council at any time.
cc: City Manager
Housing Commission members
North Side Neighborhood
hborhood
Preservation Study o.
IF
Department of Community Development, City of Iowa City
Institute of Urban & Regional Research, University of Iowa
Iowa City, Iowa -November, 1977
xL293
0 0
P A P F 1 N a
Vicki 6 l Iiiuuzi
November 1977
North Side Neighborhood Preservation Study
Douglass Lee, Project Leader
Institute of Urban and Regional Research
University of Iowa
Iowa City, Iowa
Preparation of this report was supported by an
Innovative Projects grant from the U.S. Department
of Housing and Urban Development to the City of
Iowa City.
0 0
PARKING
SUMMARY
DEMAND & SUPPLY
1
3
ANALYSIS
OF REMEDIES
7
1)
Off Street Parking
7
2)
Multi -family Dwelling Units
8
3)
Calendar Parking
11
4)
Permit Parking
11
5)
Metered Parking
13
6)
University Controls on Student Cars
13
7)
Mercy Hospital Parking Expansion
17
8)
48 Hour Parking
19
CONCLUSIONS
20
REFERENCES
22
SUMMARY
"The average automobile is in motion only a small per-
centage of the time. During the remaining time it is sta-
tionary, parked somewhere along a street or off the street
on a lot or in a special parking facility. While station-
ary, the car requires a certain amount of space for storage,
and accessibility; the problem lies in finding this space."
Parking is a complex problem, the gravity of which is
steadily increasing. As the number of cars grows, parking
needs preempt increasing proportions of urban space, and more
and larger pa --king areas have to be provided for every land
use. Parking in residential areas consists of more than
merely creating an adequate number of spaces, it involves
finding the proper1p ace to park cars. Green spaces, lawns,
trees, and vegetation in any neighborhood are valuable ameni-
ties and any replacement or obstruction by parking is a loss.
The function of streets in a neighborhood is to provide move-
ment of traffic and access to adjacent property, and parking
along them reduces capacity. Parking lots, unless properly
designed, concentrate the negative impacts of parking and
preempt alternative land uses. Thus, there is no single
or simple solution to this dilemma, and each alternative
involves trade-offs, costs, and satisfaction to various degrees.
The parking problems of the North Side Neighborhood stem
from many interacting circumstances. The convenient location
of this neighborhood in relation to downtown, Mercy Hospital,
the University, and the bus lines encourages heavy usage of
on -street parking space by commuters. University students
who live in the dormitories find the neighborhood a handy and
free place to store their cars. Many North Side apartment units,
rooming houses, fraternities, even single family residences, do
not provide adequate off-street parking. In short, there is an
excessive demand for on -street parking in the neighborhood
1parking in Residential Areas, ASPO Planning Advisory Service,
Service, No. 2
14, September, 1566.
coupled with an inadequate supply of off-street parking
space.
Piecemeal strategies, when used alone, will only shift
parking problems to another location or into another form.
Therefore, a comprehensive approach, combining it variety of
controls and strategies, is needed in the North Side. The
following list contains some of the alternatives which might
contribute to such a solution.
1) Off-street Parking - mandatory compliance with
existing zoning code requirements for the provision of off-
street parking space.
2) Multi -family Dwelling Units - strategies to force
new development to assume parking costs, limiting external
effects on the neighborhood.
3) Calendar Parking - strengths and weaknesses of the
parking control currently employed.
4) Permit Parking - an alternative based on the "user
pays" principle.
5) Metered Parking - used in conjunction with Permit
Parking; allows short term usage.
6) University Controls on Student Cars - analysis of
university parking supply and demand and implications for
the North Side.
7) Mercy Hospital Parking Expansion - impacts on the
North Side neighborhood of a large employer.
8) 48 Hour Parking - a city-wide control.
Before these alternatives are discussed in depth, it is
useful to estimate the balance between supply and demand for
parking in the neighborhood.
2
0
DEMAND AND SUPPLY
The following information relating to demand for and
supply of parking space in the North Side was obtained from a
study conducted by the City of Iowa City entitled "Neighbor-
hood Impacts Survey." From this block by block inventory,
1383 dwelling units (separate household of one or more persons)
were identified. This figure was then multiplied by 1.5, the
overall ratio of cars to households, as obtained from the re-
sults of a general survey designed to gain citizen input into
the Iowa City Comprehensive Plan (1.5 is also the parking space
requirement for each unit in multi -family dwellings). The
resulting product, 2075, represents an estimation of the total
number of cars owned by North Side residents, or the parking
demand.
To obtain the amount of off-street parking available in
the neighborhood, the Impacts Survey was again utilized, and
spaces were counted directly from the block maps. The total
sum was 1075. This represents an overall ratio of .78 off-
street parking spaces to dwelling units, as compared to the
required 1.25 ratio for single family houses and 1.5 parking
ratio for multi -family units under the present zoning regula-
tions. For the purposes of this report all off-street commer-
cial, school, fraternity and church parking lots were deleted
from the off-street parking total. It was felt that the parking
lots developed for these uses would not be available for home-
owners or renters in the study area. (This number is noted in
Table 1, however.)
The supply of on -street parking space was tabulated by
determining the number of block faces available for parking
(Figure 1) and multiplying by the average number of cars that
could park on a block face (allowing for driveways, fire
hydrants, alleys and other physical conditions which would
influence parking availability). This breakdown of parking
controls and the number of affected blocks is listed in Table 1.
The "No Parking Anytime" restrictions are placed to promote the
through street nature of Church, Dodge and Dubuque Streets.
3
0 0
They also gteatIy taCtlilILe the VehICLI lar movement around
Mercy Hospital trom Bloomington street. The metered areas,
Sunday parking, parking on the parking and loading zone con-
trols all have specialized uses and do not contribute usable
space for resident parking. This leaves the streets allowing
parking anytime and calendar parkinq. An :adjustment, however,
must be made for the 32 block faces of calendar parking since
this is an alternating control allowing parking on only one
side of the street (the North and East sides on even dates and
the South and West sides on odd dates). In effect, the calen-
dar parking total must be divided in half to represent avail-
able parking space at any given time. The total number of
street spaces, calculated from this process, is shown on
Table 1. Added to the off-street provisions, a comparison can
then be made between the demand for and supply of parking
space for North Side residents. These figures (2075 cars and
2175 parking spaces) imply that adequate parking exists in a
nearly 1 to 1 ratio for the present residents of the North
Side.* Shortages develop, however, when parkers from outside
the neighborhood are considered.
*This ratio assumes a uniform demand for and supply of
parking throughout the neighborhood which, in fact, is not
the case.
4
•000
WWWW_
LI 000 LI
■ROWN
RONALOO
CHURCH 71
CJ
FAIRCHILO
OAVSNPORT
MARKET
JEFFERSON
i,�me
No Parkii.
'.Letob! P,i .inn.
�Iar::inr Cil lhW I:It tib'
7
•
. . .... _ , i,.
PARK
J ❑ ,❑ � W
❑SCHOOL
❑
FD r
PARK
❑ L
J E L
HOSPITAL
our 81111�
J SCHOOL 1 C
L
__1 (-7 n n F___l 71 ❑ r_
5
2
G
7
a
2
w
m
tl 2
]
m
m
2
0
m
]
j
J
J
5
Demand
Supp
0
1383 dwelling units
x1.5 ratio of car ownership
2074.5 cars
Off-street
1075 off-street parking spaces
(867 off-street spaces for commercial, church, school,
fraternity, municipal lots)
On -street
50 blocks x 4 block faces = 200 block faces
-2 (Mercy Hospital is 2
blocks joined)
198 block faces
Street Controls (Figure 1)
no parking anytime
parking only Sunday mornings
parking on parking
loading zone
metered parking
calendar parking
parking anytime
Total
0 of blocks covered
62
6
4
4
5
32*
B9
198
*Calendar parking alternates sides so can only
count half at one time or 16.
16 calendar parking
89 parking anytime
105 X 10 spaces/block face = 1050 on -street spaces
Total Supply
1075 off-street spaces
1050 on -street spaces
2125 total spaces for residential parking
Demand
2075
Supply
2125
2125yF7T _ 1.02 ratio of parking spaces to resident cars
6
0 9
ANALYSIS OF REMEDIES
1. Off-street Parking - A parking space is defined in
the Iowa City Zoning Code as "a permanent, dust -free surface,
with an area at least 9' wide and 20' long and connected to a
street or alley by a driveway not less than 10' wide and so
arranged as to permit ingress and egress of the automobile
without moving any other automobile parked." If these parking
regulations could be strictly enforced, then paved, off-street
parking space would have to be provided by owners according to
the number of dwelling units contained in each structure.
The beautiful streetscape of some of the North Side is
marred by on -street automobile parking. Excessive curb parking
creates a visual and physical separation between homes facing
each other across a street. More important is the concern for
safety, as the possiblity of pedestrians stepping out from be-
tween parked cars into traffic lanes is increased. Parked cars
on residential streets also create difficulties in turning
corners and in entering and leaving driveways.
Zoning provisions requiring off-street parking have not
been effective in the North Side because the ordinance specifies
that existing properties do not become non -conforming if they
fail to meet current parking requirements. In some cases, such
enforcement could cause undue hardships because land is not
accessible or the cost of compliance is prohibitive. Creation
of off-street parking also reduces the amount of green space on
the property and for the neighborhood as a whole. In addition,
there is no guarantee that removal of residents' cars will decrease
the demand for on -street parking in the North Side.
Improperly designed and controlled parking lots are another
aspect of off street parking which create problems for the
neighborhood. Unscreened lots are not visually attractive, in
addition to producing mini -climatic effects such as increased
temperature, wind currents, and glare. Unpaved lots contribute
to the dust, noise and run-off problems of the area.
7
0 0
Regulations now exist (since 1974) to control any new
parking facility so that surrounding neighborhoods will be
protected. A "permanent, dust -free surface," usually inter-
preted as asphalt or concrete, is required, in addition to
the following screening regulations:
Where four or more contiguous off-street spaces are
located, adequate screening of vehicles sufficient
to obscure said vehicles from publ�}c view shall be
designed, planted, or constructed.
The Iowa City Tree ordinance, effective November 16, 1976, pro-
vides further regulations dealing with landscaping and screening
of parking lots. Trees are required at the ratio of one tree
for each fifteen square meters of landscaped aisle or island,
except for angle parking which requires one tree for each seven
square meters. A site plan, illustrating the attainment of
these provisions, must be submitted before a building permit is
issued.
Because the North Side is an old neighborhood with many
established land uses, it receives little protection from new
zoning controls. Efforts should be made, therefore, to seek
alternative measures that would bring existing parking lots up
to current standards. Perhaps a timetable of gradual improvements
could be adopted so that costs would be distributed over several
years. Enforcement of any violations since the 1974 ordinance
should be strict and immediate, however.
Although there are no provisions in the present zoning code
for control of run-off from parking lots, such an inclusion seems
necessary.
2. Multi -family Units - The current Iowa City Zoning Code
requires an ailocation of 1 1/2 parking spaces per dwelling unit
in multi -family developments. This criterion is frequently in-
adequate, however, when 3 or 4 car -owning students share an
apartment.
2Iowa City Zoning Code, 1976.
1.1
i •
:f •.t t, 1•1.)vtde more land
.. .,.4 ..,. .... .... . �... � .I la': , pay rt)r tenant on—
(.eve Mil or some
.i, l,e, r. rl ru InII f li,. a Ilni rgar.t .'utitb could be reflected
1.. k:.41,. �..�,,, I,a I, ....•.i ;f r...,t. .�r lhr alte is used, then
41 l..,... ... , ,i,.- i,...t.: t:. it, insure preserva-
1:.2.. . t a ,. t.. :r; .r C., .;.I ! rr.r _,.air l.rr 10t.
fl,lut.: , ivpi is i)l,uc+ ivnulttmt when such precautions
n1. rwf thin n ,%,urit the allowable density of
.,1„I t,afkit,y teyuiremen Ls, and the
rt,tnal yl%t• a nrl;n;:nrh d property (90' by 150'), this
llluutration chows a typical lot. development. Fully 508 of the
arca in paved over for auLomobiles. If one concedes that parking
Iota do not qualify as uu.cble open :apace, the'itvailable green
area iv limiird to the 20 foot setback strip -- clearly inadequate
for Lhe rocic:aLion of Lh,- tenants of a twelve-plex.
Some communities have provided incentives for developers to
locate required parking within the structure by reducing the
minimum lot area requirement per dwelling unit in proportion to
the share of parking included within the building. The following
formula is used in Cincinnati for this purpose:
a X 208, where a = the number of spaces provided
b
within the principal building,
and
b = the number of spaces required
for the multi -family dwelling
(Sec. 503.3)3
Because of the economic benefits of high density development,
owners should bear the burden of protecting neighbors from negative
impacts by providing adequate off-street parking and screening,
landscaping and surfacing the lots.
3
Parking in Residential Areas, ASPO Planning Advisory
Service, No. 214, September, 1966.
Pi
king Spaces
91%20'
0 0
a
2800 sq. ft.
20'
80,
10
5'
150'
I: -
'I GAl
RIA :Yl ICAL LC:
b tNL1A Pi lu: I'
LUT SIZE: 12,600 sq. -ft.
ALLOWABLE
DENSITY: 12 wits
12 28R apartments,
(700 sq.ft./urit,
/floor)
PARKING
SPACE
REUUIREEENT: 1e. spaces
FHA min. for 2fR=,:5G sq -ft.
nnraiiii
•
.I. Calendar 11arktn1 - CaIendai 11eikIn,l restricts parking
to one side of the street, .IlternAtlnti with even and odd dates.
In addition to tacrlitating snow removal, the number of parked
cars in the neighborhood is limited, trattic tlow is facilitated,
and street storage of automobiles (parking for more than 24 hours)
is discouraged through the use of this control. Tne amount of
parking spaces for residents and guests is also reduced, however,
and there is an added inconvenience of moving cars or receiving
tickets. Because parking is allowed on only one side, the streets
are wider, lending themselves to increased traffic flow and higher
speeds.
There are presently 32 neighborhood blocks regulated by
calendar parking (Figure 1). Enforcement of the control requires
daily patrolling by at least 1 police car. A $5 fine is charged
to each violator.
4. Permit Parking - The rational driver will park in the
most convenient and cheapest place. As previously mentioned, the
location of the North Side is a major factor in its parking prob-
lems, in addition to the fact that parking here is free of charge.
If a price were attached to the use of street parking, through the
required purchase of permits, then the metered areas downtown and
the University lots and ramps could better compete for patronage
and the demand for parking in the North Side would be decreased.
As Table 2 indicates, municipal facilities are rarely filled to
their capacity. In fact, most are only 608 utilized or less. The
price of parking in these lots ranges from 10-15fi/hour. (See
Table 3 for statistics on University parking provisions.)
Purchase of permits would have to be open to anyone, since
the streets are public property, financed by the City's general
funds and by revenues generated by all auto users. The possibility
of giving residents priority purchase to insure adequate space
could be investigated, however. As previously mentioned, demand
for parking is not uniform throughout the neighborhood, therefore
graduating price or type of parking control with distance from
the central areas of activity (downtown, university) would keep
the demand from merely shifting outside the regulated areas.
11
r
N
Table 2
MUNICIPAL PARKING LOTS
The following data are from the 1976 (latest available)
report of the City Finance Department.
Central Business District
Lot
Location
Iowa Lot
Iowa Avenue, in back of
the old Post Office
Washington
South of Washington,
Lot
between Clinton and
Capital
Moose Lot
South of College,
West of Clinton
Burlington
North of Burlington,
Lot
East of Clinton
Library Lot
East of Library
Recreation
East of Recreation
Lot
Center
Plaza Lot
South of Civic Center
Municipal
South of Penney -s,
Lot
bordered by College,
Dubuque, Linn,
Burlington
Capacity
76 spaces
150 spaces
31 spaces
28 spaces
79 spaces
77 spaces
121 spaces
299 spaces
Cost
lOC/hr
15C/hr
15C/hr
150/hr
15C/hr
104:/hr
100/hr
150/hr
Utilization*
608
608
488
358
208
278
118**
638
North Side Area
Market Lot Market Street 73 spaces 10C/hr 538
Schuman Lot N. Side of Clinton 24 spaces 10C/hr 488
and Dubuque
*Utilization is determined by comparing collected revenues from lot usage to the potential
revenues if each lot was filled to capacity over a specific time frame.
**This is not a true figure due to sales of monthly permits for part of the lot.
•
•I
0 0
Pricing of parking I'rovldVs a lughly tlexible means
of control that could be used to dlscouragQ Certain types of
users and encourage others. 'Through this system, a satisfac-
tory distribution of parking could Le obtained, demand could
be kept below the supply level, and some return on investment
could be realized. Although a price would favor the higher
income to a degree, willingness to pay provides some measure
of need to park. Residents' attitudes toward paying for
parking will greatly influence the political feasibility of
such a system.
5. Metered Parking - Used in conjunction with parking
permits, one or two meters on each block would allow limited
short term parking for guests and others who wanted to park in
the neighborhood but didn't have a permit. Due to the nature
of metered parking, rapid turnover would be facilitated while
maintaining a price for the privilege of curb -side parking.
Scattering meters in residential blocks would increase the costs
of collection and maintenance, however.
6. University Controls on Student Cars - Despite complaints
that "the University should provide more parking," the figures
presented in Table 3 indicate that the real problem isn't insuffi-
cient space but failure of University students and staff to use
existing facilities. The overall utilization of parking spaces
is only 608.
There are presently a total of 7,350 University parking
spaces. These include:
6,303 faculty/staff, storage, commuter and visitor
parking spaces
(538 of which are student reserve spaces - A permits)
and
1,047 metered parking spaces
488 of which are on the East Campus,
699 meters on the West Campus
13
TAN LP. I
UTILIZATION RATES UP UNIVERSITI PARKING FACILITIES*
Lot
Number of Spacea
i;ost
April
November
Hospital Ramp
686
$2/day
798
808
Dental Lot
165
$1.50/day
618
628
Newton Road
108
254/hr
408
378
Pharmacy
32
204/hr
268
178
Fieldhouse
35
104/hr
418
348
Quad & Slater
78
104/hr
728
658
S. of Fieldhouse
123
104/hr
578
658
Recreation
82
104/hr
308
478
Law
117
104/hr
618
588
Theatre and Music
85
104/hr
338
428
Union Ramp
233
$1.50/day
338
328
N. of Union
88
104/hr
658
578
S. of Union
34
104/hr
468
448
N. of Library
61
104/hr
648
528
W. of Library
265
104/hr
318
478
*The demand for student reserved meters and visitor parking
facilities was obtained by comparing the revenues received to the
potential revenues if lots were filled to capacity. The study was
done during the months of April 1976 and November 1976.
14
The faculty/staff lots cost $96/year ($8/month) and
meter prices range from 20C/hour to 100 per 70 minutes of
parking. The University maintains a policy of overselling
the existing faculty/staff lots by 208. The rationale for
this, according to the transportation department, is that
it helps to insure a higher utilization rate for these lots.
However, there are indications that show this oversell tactic
does not keep usage rates up. After the first month of the
school year, if the number of permits for the space (plus 208)
have not been sold, then these permits are sold to students.
Students must live outside the "campus zone" to be eligible
for reserve parking privileges, however (see Figure 3).
Students are supposed to register their cars with the
University, but Traffic Department Officials estimate that
only 75% of the students comply with this rule. Records show
that 448 of the 22,393 student population have registered their
cars, combined with the extra 25%, provides an actual figure of
between 13,000 and 14,000 student cars in Iowa City. Those
without University permits must park in non -University parking,
logically in city metered areas and neighborhood streets.
Stricter enforcement of student car registration is needed.
Cars parked in the North Side could be periodically checked,
even to the extent of tracing registration, and students could
be fined for not parking in University provided facilities.
Since University freshmen and sophomores are required to live
in dormitories, the feasibility of restricting them from
bringing cars to school could be investigated.
Storage lots are also provided for long term student
parking at a cost of $42/yr. Early in the academic year there
is a long waiting list for storage spaces; as time passes,
however, this demand decreases to the point of lot under -utiliza-
tion. This could be because students discover there is little
need for a car in Iowa City or because they have found somewhere
else to park. The major storage lots are south of campus, not
as easily accessible to dormitory residents who own cars as are
the North Side streets.
15
0
The ta.•ulty,statt I.)ts cost $9 ti/year ($8/month) and
meter M'ic'e IAll e [I OM 20c/110111 to 10C per 70 minutes of
parking. The University maintains i policy of overselling
the existing taculty/statt lots by .209. The rationale for
this, according to the transportation d0partment, is that
it helps to insure a hiyhe r utilization rate for these lots.
However, there are indications thaL show this oversell tactic
does not keep usage rates up. After the first month of the
school year, if the number of permits for the space (plus 20%)
have not been sold, then these permits are sold to students.
Students must live outside the "campus zone" to be eligible
for reserve parking privileges, however (see Figure 3).
Students are supposed to register their cars with the
University, but Traffic Department Officials estimate that
only 758 of the students comply with this rule. Records show
that 448 of the 22,393 student population have registered their
cars, combined with the extra 258, provides an actual figure of
between 13,000 and 14,000 student cars in Iowa City. Those
without University permits must park in non -University parking,
logically in city metered areas and neighborhood streets.
Stricter enforcement of student car registration is needed.
Cars parked in the North Side could be periodically checked,
even to the extent of tracing registration, and students could
be fined for not parking in University provided facilities.
Since University freshmen and sophomores are required to live
in dormitories, the feasibility of restricting them from
bringing cars to school could be investigated.
Storage lots are also provided for long term student
parking at a cost of $42/yr. Early in the academic year there
is a long waiting list for storage spaces; as time passes,
however, this demand decreases to the point of lot under -utiliza-
tion. This could be because students discover there is little
need for a car in Iowa City or because they have found somewhere
else to park. The major storage lots are south of campus, not
as easily accessible to dormitory residents who own cars as are
the North Side streets.
15
Similarly, the problem with existing conmua,t l.,c. ..
not one of size but of location. All 1105 eonunut.t
are located on the west side of the Iowa River. flu:, i-wai;r
that commuters living East and South of campus must ti.avrl
across campus to park. In addition to adding unneeded tt„rr:.
to city streets, this arrangement encourages parktn.,l 1n
along commuter routes anr? closer to East side Cl.tnaon - t:..i .l;ty
the North Side Neighborhood.
The University is in the process of revisin'l its oom1.,.•-
hensive plan, and relocation of some storage and commuter I,N s
seems warranted. Increased communication is urged butwoun tha
University and city planners. When evaluated independently,
low utilization of University facilities justifies the conriddra-
tion of alternative land uses. Such a step might severely
compound the parking problems of the North Side. A parking
solution, if attainable, cannot be realized without joint efforts.
7. Mercy Hospital Parking Expansion - Mercy hospital takes
up the two blocks between Market and Bloomington and Gilbert and
Johnson. The facility presently employs approximately 675 per-
sons (including part time staff) in addition to 92 doctors, and
contains 234 patient beds. There are 273 hospital -provided
parking spaces (Table 4) to meet the demands of both employees
and visitors. In reality, however, few of these spaces are
available for visitors. According to the engineer at Mercy
Hospital, average visitor utilization of the Large General Parking
Lot is only 23 cars per day. In other words, the lot is usually
filled to capacity by employees with occasional openings for
others. Overflows are formally directed to the Municipal Parking
Lot on Market Street (111 blocks from the hospital) and informally
to the surrounding neighborhood streets.
Increased parking is one of the hospital's priorities
and construction of an additional 90 space lot is planned within
the next 5 years. The site for this facility is West of the
hospital on Bloomington, and the land is already owned by the
hospital.
17
Lot
Doctor's
Parking Lot
Emergency
Parking Lot
Admissions
r Parking Lot
co
Large
General Lot
Small
General Lot
TOTAL
i
273
• I
•
Table 4
MERCY HOSPITAL
PARKING FACILITIES
Number of
Location
Spaces
Users
Cost
Adjacent to
98
Professional
Free, must have
and east of
staff/clergy,
sticker
the hospital
open to other
hospital employ-
ees from 3 p.m. -
6 a.m.
West of emer-
8
Emergency patients
Free
gency room,
only
next to hospital
Adjacent to and
15
New admittance
Token gate from
west of hospitals
only
8 a.m. - 5 P.M.
on Market Street
Market Street half
129
General employees
Free with sticker
of the first block
east of hospital
Visitors
$1 (no time limit)
attended from 6 a.m. -
5 p.m., free all
other hours
Across from
23
General employees
Free
Large Lot on
and visitors
alley
273
• I
•
0 0
8. 48 [lour 1'arkluiq_ Control - 'Cha ell y presently hay an
ordinance limiting on -street pal k3nq to 48 hours at a time.
When a complaint is made to the p,,lice, [hay w111 merle the time
of the vehicle with chalk and recheck it in 48 hours, It a
violation has occurred, a $5 ttlw is chat Jud.
Reducinq this 48 hour period to 24 hours or less would
further discourago atraat utora._lu of automobiles by persons out-
side the neighborhood. Although a passiblo inconvenience could
also result for residents, neighbors are not as likely to report
a familiar car.
19
0 0
CONCLUSIONS
As stated III the lilt Ioducttun, parkinq is i complex
problem that requires a multi-tacot approach. If several
policies are not enforced jointly, then negative impacts
will merely shift and other resources will be sacrificed.
The goal, then, is to control to the furthest possible
extent how the trade-offs are balanced.
The various categories of parkers have different tolerances
for scarce parking. Single family residents, for example, are
most likely to expect a high level of convenience (i.e., an avail-
able space near their house at all times). Parking in a specific
spot is not important for commuters, however, as they are much
more willing to drive around and look for room. Although the
North Side is the closest residential area to downtown and the
University, it is still a distance from most commuters' destina-
tions. The attraction, then, seems to be the absence of a charge
for on -street parking.
Adoption of a permit system for on -street parking would
attach a price to the neighborhood streets, forcing all users -
residents and outsiders alike - to assume the cost of parking's
undesirable effects. Logically, the demand for on -street parking
in the neighborhood will decrease as commuters move into the under-
utilized municipal and University lots. Once prices become compa-
rable, these facilities should become more attractive since they
are generally more convenient (with the notable exceptions of
University storage and commuter lots).
An additional asset of permit parking is the potential for
screening student vehicles and shifting them back into University
provided space. Relocation of some commuter and storage lots would
provide further inducement for students to park in designated areas.
In conjunction with an on -street permit system, steps must be
taken to control the amount of off-street parking on residential
and commercial lots. Specified amounts of usable green space
should be incorporated into site requirments so that landscaping
is not given up for increased parking space. Such encroachment is
common and warrants formalized control. Usable green space
Off]
0 0
requirements, in addition to parking :uid building area
specifications, would work together to indirectly control
the number of apartment units that could feasibly share a
lot. Developers would be forced to internalize the impacts
of parking without denying the neighborhood and residents
the enjoyment of trees, grass, and plantings.
As long as there is intensive utilization of the auto-
mobile by the general public, there will be parking impacts,
and any plan attempting to deal with these problems will
involve trade-offs. As earlier stated, the goal is to control
to the furthest possible extent how the trade-offs are balanced.
The North Side Neighborhood can enjoy an improved parking situa-
tion if effective policies are adopted and if users are willing
to accept the price of parking privileges.
21
RESOURCES AND FOOTNOTES
1) Allen, Doug, An Alternative Comprehensive Plan for the
U of I, May, 1-477.
2) ASPO Planning Advisory Service, Parking in Residential
Areas, No. 214, Sept. 1966.
3) Barron, Margaret, Gary Lozano, Kevin Laverty, et. al.,
Neigghborhood Im acts Survey, Institute of Urban and
Regiona Researc , Iowa City, Summer, 1976.
4) Binney, William, Coordinator of Parking and Security,
University of Iowa.
5) Brachtel, James, Traffic Engineer - City of Iowa City_
6) Iowa City Tree Planting Ordinance, Nov. 1976.
7) Iowa City Zoning Code, 1976.
8) Laverty, Kevin, Parking in the North Side.
9) Lee, Douglass, The Nuisance Basis for Neighborhood Land
Us Controls, June 1977.
10) Lozano, Gary, Regulating Residential Density in Iowa City's
Near North Side, 2 6/76.
11) Old West Side, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Old West Side Association,
Inc., 1971.
12) Parsons, Dennis, Engineer - Mercy Hospital.
13) Poorman, Phillip R., Parking Provisions at the University
of Iowa.
14) Report on People's Guide and Survey, Department of Community
Development, Iowa City, Iowa, June, 1977.
22
0 0
North Sim Neighborhood
Preservatiom Study:
Department of Coniinunity Development, City of Iowa City
Institute of Urban & Regional Research, University of Iowa
Iowa City, Iowa - November, 1977
0 0
STREETS AND TRAFFIC
Kevin Laverty
November 1977
North Side Neighborhood Preservation Study
Douglass Lee, Project Leader
Institute of Urban and Regional Research
University of Iowa
Iowa City, Iowa
Preparation of this report was supported by an
Innovative Projects grant from
the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
to the City of Iowa City
0 0
Contents
INTRODUCTION
IMPACTS CREATED BY ROADS AND STREETS
COMPONENTS OF THE PROBLEM
Negative impacts generated by traffic on heavily -
traveled streets
Excessive through traffic on residential streets
and in residential alleys
Conflicts between modes: autos vs. pedestrians,
autos vs. bicycles, and bicycles vs. pedestrians
specific points of difficult traffic movement
Drivers' sightlines at intersections
Burden of street maintenance (and construction)
on the City's General Fund
PROPOSALS
Neighborhood Protection Plan
Circulation Improvement
Traff icways Financing
0 0
INTRODUCTION
Trafficways are an important component of Iowa City's
transportation system. The movement of people and goods is a
necessary function which trafficways help to provide.
Trafficways are also the source of what should be called
"external" effects, because these effects impact persons other
than users of roads and streets. As examples of these external
effects, traffic noise may interrupt a telephone conversation
or interfere with sleep; heavy traffic flows endanger pedestrians;
and road salt kills grass, shrubs, and trees.
The goal of the transportation element of the North Side
Neighborhood Preservation Study is to protect residences and other
land uses from the external effects of traffic while maintaining
the circulation function provided by roads and streets. This
closely parallels the overall study goal, to protect neighborhood
resources while allowing change to occur.
This report addresses the following problem areas:
1. Traffic on streets and in alleys has a significant
negative impact on neighborhood quality in the North Side. Noise,
fumes, physical danger, and unsightliness make the neighborhood
less desirable and reduce property values.
2. A balance among modes -- auto, bicycle, and pedestrian --
does not exist in the North Side because of the overwhelming pre-
dominance of the auto. Drivers and non -drivers alike seem to believe
that auto traffic should not be inhibited in any way. The result is
a pedestrian environment which is unpleasant and dangerous, yet most
trips in the neighborhood are made on foot.
3. Neighborhood residents are paying -- through property
taxes -- for street maintenance and improvements that actually detract
the value of their properties. Renters and consumers pay these taxes
indirectly, while street users are exempted from paying property
taxes.
The first section of this report discusses the external
effects generated by traffic and trafficways and the impacts upon
adjacent property, residents, and the neighborhood as a whole.
0
In Lhc seccno Qmct 1.,0,
trAt f I oway's al at,% AI,.
work. Proposal rm t j A r l l •'ew,r
In the final nc.'l 1, H1. Milli a'Muni,
tion Plan.
2
. i.: ..,. � , r,I —I 1 I. :.. Iac'
u11 , I I I , . . 11u;'a.'1 r A all", -
IMPACTS CREATED BY ROADS AND STREETS
Categories of readily observed external effects generated
by trafficways are listed in Table 1. Each of these effects is
directly related to one or more of three factors: size of streets,
number of streets, and traffic volume (including number of trucks)
These effects are translated into impacts upon individuals or pro-
perty located within the range of each effect. in yencral tho
range is defined by distance from the source. A major highway
bordered by agricultural land will therefore generate much less
severe impacts than a similar facility bisecting a residential
neighborhood, even though the levels of external effects produced
are the same.
In addition to the effect of distance, the level of an
impact can be reduced by a physical buffer. As an example, the
visual impact,of a street can be reduced by a vegetative screen.
The relationship among the source, the external effect
generated, the placement of a buffer, and the impact actually
received is diagrammed in Figure 1. The impact felt from a given
level of external effect at a given distance is shown in (a). In
(b) the impact of the same level of.external effect is less because
of increased distance from the source. As the result of using a
buffer in (c), the impact is reduced further. Whether distance
from the source or buffering will produce a greater reduction in
the impact will depend upon the specific external effects.
This general relationship has to be modified for, a number
of the external effects listed in Table 1. Physical danger from
moving vehicles occurs in a fairly well-defined space, except for
cases in which vehicles leave the roadway. Therefore, the smooth
decay of the effect with distance, as shown in Figure 1, would be
replaced by a discontinuous drop of the effect at the edge of the
roadway.
The range of the effect of trafficways on neighborhood
quality (beyond their specific effects listed) is not easily
specified: it depends upon how a resident defines his/her
"neighborhood." Thus, a major through street four or five blocks
away can have a severe impact on neighborhood quality if it
7
n
0
Tahle 1. 'atogories of external effects
joneratod by trafficways.
A. Physw.r
1. m)L-w and vibrat ion
2, -.tw;ion, runoff, and wat.erborno pollutants
1. lust and airborne pollutants
A. trash and litter
5, nhv°;ica] danq^r from moving voh.icles
H. Non -Physical
1. visual and aesLhe.tic
2. neighborhood quality
C. Fiscal
1. burden on General Fund
2. property tax lost as result of property value decline
3. property tax uncollected on street right-of-way
4
N
SOURCE
Figure 1. Relationship among source,
external effect, buffer,
and impact
(a) extfernal
ct pact
r distance y
from source
(b) external
effect impact
+— distance from source --v
(c)
-#— distance from source --y
act
0
•
0 0
bisects what 1s perceived as the nciyhborhood, oven though the
physical eff -'Ls four blocks away are likely to be minor. This
is because streets with large volumo s of traffic cruato a
barrier -- psychological to addition to physical -- brtweou
what lies on either lido.
The tenidenLS 0I .A specific jurisdiction also softer the
fiscal impacts of trafficways, either directly through tax
payments or indirectly through rents. Thus, streets that are
maintained from the General Fund pla::e a property tax burden
on all lowa City residents. At the same time the North Side
property tax base is being reduced by the negative impacts of
streets and traffic.
0
0 0
CONIPo NENT.,; of TIIN 11110111.1.M
This ti,wtion discusses sp"cille lin Ohl olu:: th.11 .,1 I:I�•
from vehicular traffic and trat f ieways to tit,, Not tit :1i,I.. Five
problem areas have been syn thesixcd from L 11 II:;t 11 exl •rn.rl
effects presented previously, from the Noighbrihulid Imp,i- t::
Survey conducted during the summvr of 1976, and from Ilnrf.
meetings conducted during tit(- spring of 1917. 'I'll!! ,it •. r:; ut
concern are:
--negative impacts generated by t r.i f f i c on h •.Iv i I y -
traveled street:.
--excessive through traffic on residenLial sLluuLs
and in residential alleys
--conflicts between modes: autos with pedestrians,
autos with bicycles, and bicycles with pedestrians,
--driver's sightlines at intersections
--burden of expenditures for street maintenance (and
construction) on the City's General Fund
1. Negative impacts generated by traffic on heavily -traveled
streets.
Figure 2 indicates the average daily traffic (ADT) on the
major streets in and adjacent to the North Side. Duouque, Dodge,
Governor, Market, Jefferson and Church Streets generate severe
negative effects of the types noted in the first section of this
report. The impacts on the North Side are significant, because
low- and medium -density residential activity borders most segments
of all these streets.
Certain streets generate greater negative effects and the
impacts upon adjacent land are greater because of higher percentages
of truck traffic. Dodge and Governor Streets have the most truck
traffic in the North Side, because of their designation as Iowa
Highway 1.
The impacts arising from noise, vibration, erosion, runoff,
waterborne pollutants, dust, trash, physical danger, visual, and
aesthetic effects are the most concentrated around streets with
7
Pork k,1.
10,700
.n
700
1,800
o �
0
m
L
u O N
u u N
N N O
7 C
o• u v
a v
o 0
c7
0 0
0 0 0 o
O N O O O
CO n r
N i Market St. n n
g00 Rochester
4,800 5 900 5,800 5,000 6,200 5,500 5,200
0 00 ------;;; 0
�—J D O 4 200
4,7�p 5 700 6,0000 5-200 I[ ! Ip
0 0 0 I 1 0 Jefferson St. 0 I l0
v o n n c 0
Figure 2.
1975 Average Daily Traffic (ADT)
Source: Iowa City Department of Public Works
Engineering Division
•
0
heavy 11./r f .• 11,)W: fl.1a Is . 11,.1. 1 I... I.. I :I-1.
111.111y Or tlr 11u1•a,'Ic I•I II.lII lr ..1, ,. I,, 11,11. 11 r,. I 11,
,11,1 !Ilt l,l I IIc :.I l a , I r l ila' II. :. .,1,
.Irl.+ not illit f CI cal ,11 u111. 1'W 14 I' ..Ina ! 1,11.,1.:1. I,
traltic, whotha duo ill incta`:I:u'.I .lcv, 1.11 :n" 1:1 Mi...1. .1,
tional l l'ay.l, ,)1 the Icciolt of ni k .„1 lwl�lv.n nl w. I I •I, I,, 1 n1.•
addiLlollal cxtullial clrra't:I Wit II'll W I I 1 .,:1.1111 II"1..1,I ".:,:1 :rv,l,•I}'
upon Lhouc prop.rl 1.:; a,i I.iovnt lu the P1.11u1 :.11,': •1:l•
F1gu1'o 1 111.{h11,.Ihta lilt' In, '.t h1.•.1v11y 11.1\-1�1• '.t 1., I:•
the North Side and Ind l c,I tv:; It I.'W 0t th” m1):,t c.OVC I1• Irq .n •t
of traffic.
2. Excessive through traffic on rtrsidential rttreotri orld in
residential alleys.
Significant negative impacts are created by relatively
small amounts of traffic on residential streets (i.e., :;trects other
than the major through routes noted in the previous section) and in
residential alleys. In addition to the general impacts which have
been noted, through traffic is likely to move aL a higher speed than
local traffic, resulting in a higher possibility of collisions,
greater inconvenience and danger to pedestrians, and more severe
noise impacts. A balance must be struck between these impacts and
the access requirements of residents.
Figure 4 indicates the location of residential streets on
which excessive through traffic has been observed. In each in-
stance the street provides a connection between major through streets.
Although arterial streets are designed to carry this through traffic,
a certain number of vehicles flow through residential streets,
largely because of the grid layout of North Side streets. Signifi-
cantly, two streets with very little through traffic are Johnson
Street and Fairchild Street, which are aligned so that vehicles must
make several turns to go around North Market Park.
As the result of this grid pattern, the traffic circulation
pattern in the North Side is essentially one of "filtering". Larger
amounts of traffic use the major streets because of greater. safety
9
OROWrJ
RONALMS
CHURCH
FAIIRCHILO
DAVENPORT
MARKET
JEFFERSON
Figure 3, Major Lhroiigh streets and examples of traffic Impacts
--I �-j L-J-�--J 9LJ7PARK }r'�
noise caused by trucks
down -shifting to
— climb hill III
71 F-71 F_j
I i - -i F- -i 1: WU
__ SCHOOL
j
school children must
cross busy street
11 PARK -z
�jtdiff cu
pedestrian
crossings
I E -HOSPITAL
dangerous
I nCersect I on
z
W
J
2
z
4
SCHOOL
10
BROWN
RONALOE
CHURCH
FAIRCHILD
DAVENPORT
BLOOMINGTON
MARKET
• JEFFERSON
Figure 4. Residcn[lal stivets ,u wht.,h
excessive thrmigh tl.ill lr
has heoll ml[cd
11
PAIIK ..�
�_..
LAI
F---]
F
SCHOOL
PARK
HOSPITAL
"j{:?•''il_�_l1�'�{•
SCHOOL
�
�
C
Ij�I
YI
al z
al
7 J
R
mm
J
2
6
2
2
a)
Z
W m
n u
0 J
p
j
o
a
a
>
o
'
0
o
11
I...1 ti,. t, 1:, no .,ctivr, "channeling" (i.e.,
:,teems) III the current layout.
h t r.lt r cc seems to be the. result of indi-
i::y ti.e "best" ?')kite. For example. Brown
, , , , ,>, .i . , .t hof c:,uLcl, as a connection between
11'. ,.... 1 ;..,, t I,,,,L1.• et.d nul;lt,;uo St.I.Oe LS because the street is
h.in n., :,tai, v1 1IS and little through traffic;
Ile/ tour black:;) of the distance traveled
.... n...• n •.I r, • 1 .1 L :, i rnhl r` I hrourih route (nee Figure 5) . This
t tl,..,,:t, t 1 .0 t 1;• •,
1101,11"n :;1,1ni I icant impacts and disruption of the
hu r,ihln r, h, .(at .
".n vrh rr:trttc in alleys is the result of the same kind of
nrhavl,o t,y ,Iriet•r:;, ,rlthoucih alleys are probably used as a one or
t,aa I,1•„F. "shn,tout” rather than for longer trips. Through traffic
III ^II`;', j!j and loconvenient to residents and creates a
great ileal of dust and wear in the unpaved alleys.
Two different types of strategies can be used to reduce
throu,h traffic kir, residential streets and in residential alleys:
a) Reduce the desirability of these local streets as through routes
with treasures ran(li.ng from the installation of stop signs to physi-
cally blocking vehicular access. b) Increase the attractiveness of
selected through streets, relative to residential streets, through
design considerations such as increased number of lanes, wider lanes,
reduced number of points of access, speed limit increases, etc.
In general, direct strategies to discourage undesirable
through traffic are preferable to improvement of through streets.
First, improvement of through streets would exacerbate the negative
effects which those streets currently generate. Second, direct dis-
couragement of through traffic is the only way to ensure coverage of
all the possible trips on the street network which could potentially
use residential streets.
12
C
h 1p,ulr Ila b1.mu :,1.,,
t
Mayflower Apts.,
Forest View Trailer Court,
Interstate 80
vd*� Park Rd., Hancher Auditorium,
Coralville
0
Wetiril'Itousv, A.C.T.,
Prarte du Chien Rd.,
Interstate 80
L -J LCL
..................... Brown
F C
4 Ronalds
LIj
Church
n
Church St. route BROWN ST. "SHORTCUT"
13
G
C
G
u
O
a
a
V
o
m
W
V
G
0
A
C
.O
M
C
4
Im
7
U
N
O
o
>
ti
Church St. route BROWN ST. "SHORTCUT"
13
1. i1.nl 1 I.�t :, h, t n, r., :,�� .1 •.It •,�: ... r.lr:.1 1 1 ,uc . .1;.1 ... � �,
It, 1•.I u:;, . , I ;.II ...n II.Ivrl I..Iltr1ns and
bet.ww•II .Ittl.. (,;11,1 ,.11.,'1 P.- 1 VrlII('I, ,) IrLCy1'11",, •; L,: I"•,Ir.,l l ldnti
Call be ,'xl,, ;•t,,.1 .1111,::,:, 1•.11,11 tunic 1;,1>, .; .• IlutaLl 11„111 ,1 w.Iy a.ith
no ,:1,;:.:.111 1 I•, J, :•t r 1.111:, .1I'd rt-II.ry1,11•:, (,lcn,:t.11Iy) III II :.I......:,
lower thin I;r;,lr, 11 hy situ ,I1'tve.r:: (l(,: thamnclves), witI Ir •11111):;
pose Ill ysicll ,I,IIIq-r Io I) II - IN ItrlrIzId �I.Iv011,1s. P,',1t'nl-rinna often
have to wait, I'll' ,ill auto and/or bicycl,, traffic to pa!;:l botore a
street crosStml Is ,It.Lemptud, L,ecause these fastur-movrnq (nodes
consider str,ppinq or even <I,lwi ng clown ar unnecessary inconvhnionce.
The vxistinn ;Itl.wtir,it in 1 -he North Side displays three
aspects of th,:sh cnr.flicts among modes:
--pcdestr'ian crno-;,ings of strer.ts are poorly marked
and maintained
--cast-west bicycle lanes are marked only on Jefferson
and Market Streets, and there are no north -south
bicycle lanes
--auto drivers often fail to give proper consideration
to pedestrians and bicycles
The character of the North Side requires a balance between
autos and other modes. Many residents -- families with children,
students, and others -- have chosen to live in the North Side be-
cause the neighborhood permits them to rely less upon the automobile
than they would in other areas. The current traf.ficways situation
in the North Side is best described as one of "auto dominance": auto
travel is strongly favored to the detriment of pedestrian or bicycle
travel.
4. Specific p int of difficult traffic movement.
An expression of the need for "better streets" is often
stated by residents; this phrase can be translated into faster
and more convenient circulation_ Fiqure G locates some of the
points of difficult traffic movement that were brought up during
the block meeti.ngs held clur.ing the spring of 1977.
1.4
■ROWN
1' I � y i l� l .. 1'. , I u l r. ,. I • I I � � 1.
I I �� 11. .u,.v r.••. nl
p.lr 4i•I �I n Ilr .III I I, nl ty
l..I n�(• (nfnl��,, ..11 ul
Lj _jL_sz----n-
C\•dte P� E] L--:]
Lj / gCadea h
JI(/�� parking on one sidet!
RONALCM
�— makes street fairly narrow,
parked cars despite high volume
make entrance to of traffic
alley difficult L
CHURCH J 1
SCHOOLdifficult to ec
make left turns
FAIRCHILD I I _ _ _. ®� r;jlfo
dangerous:
no sto j signs p
1 arklng on
OAV@NPORT a1 both sides
I.nvri u��l
PARK
W
IQy
I Y
L i
= =UL°
= F —PTK/
left -turning traffic
slows through traffic
L �F
L7 L
r Iplus makes strcct
angle parking
double-parked too narrow _
Cdelivery vehicles ] 1�
OLOOMINOTON makes street only
Lone car wide
1 L HOSPITAL
MARKET dl iffiLlty L
7 I entering or��
crossing ecr+ooL
I Market St.
JEFFERSON
dangerous
intersectionZ
W
Z m m m
m j J 2
o u 2 a
15
f�f
L
L
11
W Q0
U
0
0
J
0 J
0
0
0 0
'I'a,. in-i„It.,nt .,i, . nc u,l i. I•I, :.r u.,.,, ,1 1,, ,t ..I, u,l
usaally VIII ,i,:,I.!,:.,I In tIt 1,r,.tIId I,I
circula LI,.W. i`II:,I, Ih, I,r0blc111 ,u,•. -1i1 I,I'cVIOL1v1', ,11:,'1. n:,, ci I].
this section owq,iti%. , jer, r-Itf,d by tratrtc• on l o.o)I Iy--
travel od
-travelod st'reet5, , %,,..:'IVC throu,ih fI'aft I in ro:, t, 1,-t:l :.,I
street.; IN e,':; J. vlt I ,I rl1. t,:: and rntif) icts hewl n n., f, •..) ,•.In
be aggravated thrcu,lil :street improvements. Faster tr,ittic tlows
on art or'i IIs, Ior Instance, are. likely to make th,• iugpacI.s of
these sLluvL.; mole I.I:vcre. Circulation improvomentc will cin
little to discnura•;e r_hrc,_tgh trni;it, on rr_sident inl ,It r.ots, Irid
may actual], increase the nunier of vehicles, since easier access
for residents is also o.isier access for through traffic. And
smoother, faster Lraffic flows are likely to create more conflicts
with pedestrians and bicycles.
Second, the short -run improvement which is desired and
sought through .increasing and improving circulation generally is
not nearly as much of an improvement aa was anticipated: traffic
"fills up” streets both as the result of individuals choosing the
best route to drive their cars and because future residential and
commercial development is likely to occur so as to utilize streets
with "excess capacity". The decision to improve streets must take
into account the fact that better circulation can generate addition-
al traffic that can completely nullify the benefits of improvement.
One common example is the resurfacing of streets and alleys. Rough
or broken surfaces (and, to some extent, brick streets) slow down
most drivers and encourage the selection of another route. If the
result of not resurfacing residential streets and alleys is slower
traffic and less of it, the rough surfaces are actually of benefit
to the neighborhood.
This discussion should not be taken to indicate a position
against any circulation improvements in the North Side; rather the
point is that the long -run implications in terms of impacts on the
neighborhood and circulation should be considered. The view that
"you can't dri.vc fast enough between points A and U" is simply
insufficient reason for effecting a circulation improvement. Com-
plaints about inadequate circulation should be considered and a
1.6
true improvement should by inil) lcmctit cd it adcgruatc Itn.inrtny
is available and tho Side ,I tooLs do not ovriwhc rm the bcnet 1t:;.
5. Drivers' sightlines at intersections.
Objects such as trees, hedges and building:; block driver:;'
fields of vision. When the objects are located near int etsocttons,
drivers' views of the cross street are reduced.
The expression of the need for improved sighLlinetc high-
lights tradeoffs that are typical of trafficways improvements:
easier auto travel (through improved sightlines) also has Lhu
effect of removing neighborhood resources (trees, hedges), reducing
the buffering of residents from traffic, and increasing traffic
speed and volume. The problem is really not sightlines, but the
desire of drivers to move as fast as possible with disregard to
the negative effects that are generated. If poor sightlines cause
drivers to slow down or not travel on residential streets, the
current situation should be maintained.
6. Burden of street maintenance (and construction) on the
City's General Fund.
Most people are surprised to find that fuel taxes and
registration fees for automobiles and trucks fall far short of
covering the expenses incurred in street and highway construction
and maintenance. While the national Interstate system comes close
to paying its own way and Iowa's primary system basically does the
same, local streets are heavily financed through general fund
sources, primarily the property tax. In Iowa City, 2/3 of expen-
ditures on streets come from general funds.
There are two implications to this. First, a significant
portion of the property tax levied by the City of Iowa City con-
sists of a contribution to the maintenance and construction of
streets. This property tax burden falls directly upon property
owners and is in part passed on to renters in the form of higher
rents. Second, the burden of this expenditure lessens the availa-
bility of funds for social and human services which provide
general benefits to the community.
17
Mother dimension to the problem if that streets have
the effect of reducing the property tax base, because the nega-
tive effect of arterial streets and through traffic on residen-
tial streets reduces property values and results in lower tax
collections. A strategy of channeling traffic onto well -buffered
arterials would transfer some of these cos Ls from rosidenLs back
to users.
The City of Towa City cannot unilaterally increase the
user -generated revenues (excise taxes on fuel and registration
fees) available for trafficways, since these charges are determined
and collected by the state. The burden on general funds could only
be eased in the short run by sharply decreasing expenditures on
trafficways to the level of available user -generated revenues.
Iowa City can ask for an increase :in these user charges or lobby
for approval of local options on these user charges and others
such as parking permits.
M
0 0
PltoPosnls
As a result of the investigation conducted in I.Li, rryporL,
proposals are made in three areas:
1) Neighborhood Protection Plan
2) Circulation Improvement
3) Trafficways Financing
The Neighborhood Protection Plan is presented to protect
the North Side from the external effects generated by trafficways.
The Plan considers ameliorating the impacts of arterial streets,
discouraging through traffic on residential streets and in
residential streets and in residential allevs, facilitating
pedestrian and bicycle movement, and protecting brick, surfaces
and other incidental resource values associated with trafficways.
Proposals for Circulation Improvement are made in cases
in which the improvement will reduce negative impacts, or in
which the neighborhood car. he concurrently protected from additional
impacts.
Under mraff icways Financing, it is proposed that the
city move towards the institution of a policy under which the
auto, truck, etc., users of streets pay the full costs of
maintenance and construction, replacing the substantial general
funding which exists now, and further that users pay the costs
of neighborhood protection.
Neighborhood Protection Plan
Objectives: (a) To protect the North Side from the external
effects of traffic and trafficways
(b) To protect and enhance the character of the
North Side by reducing inconvenience and
danger to pedestrians and bicyclists.
Proposals: (a) arterial streets
1. Increase tree planting as a buffer to various
external effects of traffic. Large trees, small trees, and shrubs
or hedges can be used to ameliorate visual impacts and, to some
19
extent, to reduce noise. Such plantings b:. 'a be undertaken
along the streets noted on Figure 2.
2. Construct sound barriers along Dubuque Street to
ameliorate the severe noise impacts suffered by adjacent structures.
Barriers could be landscaped walls or landscaped berms.
3. Reduce traffic conflicts with pedestrians and bicycles.
See (d) and (e) below.
4. Make special efforts to reduce traffic impacts on
Church Street, because of its primarily low-density single family
character and because of the historic significance of its houses.
Church Street probably cannot be replaced in its role as an
east-west link, yet increased traffic would have severe impacts
on the residences, many of which lie close to the rights of way.
Any proposed circulation improvement which could be expected to
increase traffic (e.g., prohibiting parking to widen traffic
lanes) should be carefully examined in this light.
5. Return Dodge and Governor Street to two-way status.
Through traffic on these one-way arterials (designated as Iowa
Highway 1) often ^xceeds posted speed limits (25 mph) and severely
impacts the neighborhood. Making Dodge and Governor into two-way
streets while continuing to designate southbound Dodge and north-
bound Governor. as Highway 1, prohibiting northbound truck traffic
on Dodge, and making the circulation improvements in Figure 7
would improve the balance between the concerns of residents and
of through traffic. If an east side through route (such as the
Scott Blvd. proposal) is constructer] as Highway 1, all through
truck traffic on both Dodge and Governor Streets should be banned.
(b) residential streets
1. Construct traffic diverters to discourage through
traffic. Diverter.s would connect either the northwest and south-
east corners of an intersection or the northeast and southwest
corners, thereby preventing through vehicle movement by forcing
either a right or left: turn. Curb cutis should be made to allow
passage of bicycles, shopping carts, etc. Figure_ B depicts a
traffic diverter nt Ilio corner of Rairchild and Linn Streets.
Possible locations of traffic diver.l:ers throughout the North
Side are shown by Piguro 9.
20
CIi I i,.i. i.q.. +•.,.a,. ..c .. 1..�
propotivil IwwwAy Ihwlp4 .41411 %.4-4161) )
$Ilvrlw wul nd fin.. ul wI I..Ir I
i
key to riyBlbolw3 - .... _ 1. _.
IF _
Olett turn Ince eunlhhoulO / lI I( I N lirown
I+nrt 11 nd rxv J I
NO left tutu Inuu it'll 1LL.4uI4d I`
J
I rat I It dl vrrtet" (Rona Ida
IIghl Iur•n Inn+•
(mmit hhound Dodgy) . _
(� N (hutch
traffic d iverter
21
w0
W rd
B 7
q a
Fairchild
Davenport
roomington
Market
w
0
C
w
N
0
U
Jefferson
curb
•
l�
raised curbs �I I ,�J
wi Cb ruts for biltes,j I Vh
pudLstr ans,eic.
II I
II
II I
I
II I
it I I
it I I
�I II
I II
II I I
�I II
.I it
b i ry.lo
IanOS
jgLi N. Uiverter example at Fairchild and Linn Streets
22
FAIRCHILD
STREET
I
Pl L'alr 4. 1'utinl1,1 1.ill iI V, I IrI".Irol
Ldl I I..i,lrn
' L PARK n---- J
■DOWN �_ --_
RONALOEtu
uuuCHURCH
SCHOOL
FAIRCHILD PARK
L�CJC�C�C CSL
DAVENPORT
�CD�nCJ� CSL
BLOOMINGTON
MOBPITA� � � ---
� 0�� CJU C=1L
MARKET ^
JEFFERSON
M
z
a z W m o
z m m z o
7 J Z a
0 Q 4 p
a
I barriers a /diverters
23 i`�
0 0
.. � ,n•,r 1 ��, .Irl t�, .�. ., .,.. I -... � ,� ., I � � .,,.. I, t. ial
-.t r,•rt .III ,:. 111 :.Il. PII �, 11t I1,! ILII, I,' : : . , i-, 11'; 11'.l' I,, .at
,It acr,;.:c t , rho I,... .1111 k sl r, -•I. I1.,rt 1, I ,•, ISI I.I L.- III .It
lntvrs,'vt 1.h.:. su-,i. .I ,i. Ct,I lief UI Ih p'lI• .111,1 I f I I" !I :1.t.,'ot; ,
for exampiK -Iqh I t,lff ... tI,,II Iorl „n I'I,v_I, r,< t
would h,� ,Itlv rto:'r. 11.1111, anul,l rII.Ite
wh t,:h II rt.,•r, %Y() 11,
,re a'.- , c, h; wn i,'; t'I.nit 1.
lu,t 1'or,t,Il.,l,• I,.url. r hwjt ionic
I rlrrrt]_e ttr us( )f si.un., beth for Irc.l Lir oonlrol and
also for drisl•r awateno<cs of it residential neighborhood. S'!i(ns
such as r;low -- ent,•ring nci,i`lhnrhood" or, "traffic divcrtars
ahead" or "n,) through ;- _aff;r:" mould be usod Lo dLscout'ag,l
circulation ,,n resid,:nkial street;. Increasing the use of stop"
signs would have some nl:fucl: in ;lowing down and making the streets
less dosirablcr through routr.c. Ho,aevL�r, such "stop" signs wouLd
quickly become routivo to the avera,le driver, who might then
fail to heed a similar :ign at the intersection with do arterial,
where a full stop before proceeding is imperative for safety reasons.
4. Maintain and restore brick surfaces. See (f) below.
(c) alleys
1. Construct barriers at one end of alleys. This measure
would absolutely prevent through traEfic.
2. Install speed control bumps. Raised bumps on the
pavement, such as are in use at City High School, serve both
to reduce vehicle speed and discourage through traffic. These
devices would have the side effect of inconveniencing residents
who use the alley as auto access to their properties, as well
as bicyclists and persons with baby strollers or shopping carts.
in addition, the City would be liable for damage to private
cars, and City vehicles (such as Sani.tat:ion Department trucks)
which use the.: alleys would suffer excessive wear.
3. Make alleys one-way opposite observed flow of un-
desirable through traffic.
4. Construct raised medians at mid -block on north -south
streets. This would have two effects: a) traffic could move no
than one block length in an alley, b) left turns into
alleys would bre discouraged. Figure-. 1.0 shows an example of such
a construction on Gilbert: Street beLwcen Market and Jefferson
24
Tact)
Grande
left turns in alley
possible but more
difficult \\
throt-gh traffic
prevented
JEFFERSON ST.
11
RAISED MI•:I11AN
St. Paul's
Lutheran
Chu rch
Figure 10. Raised median example on Gilbert Street
between Market and Jefferson Streets
25
9 0
Stt'aot. Ia:y<.i nI .1t.uh woul.t bo zloilwwhat problort.ttical to t<d u: Iny
alley accass to r ":: r,l, nt :; .utd Crean ny A sol i.a mass '.Jh t, h u'•,ry t ny
vehicles ww.tld have to avoid.
(d) hadtstLrlan L)IoL citron
1. nt crur:-tw.ilk.t regularly or resurface with material
which cont rata s with toad surface. Ise; shown in Figure 1106), tilt'
current Lt •11 l 1A.•w.iy:c a 1 l 1 gnmrn L In, inl.n t ns the I ntegri ty Of ot'
vchicul,1t t ravc•1, wlu 1 { i
m, �strian:; have to "cross" ,trccts, which
can be psychoL,,clicaI ly . nd c••✓en physically inLimidating. I'tqure 11
(h) diagrams n suggested improved pedestrian environmenL, ill which
crosswalk surfaces art: made ,jt the sam.- material as the sidewalks.
This measure would incrc.rse awareness of pedestrian areas, but
drivers would have to yield to pedestrians at crosswalks (either
voluntarily or as the result of enforcement) in order to effect
safer and more convenientpedestrian travel.
2. Erect signs at crosswaLks informing drivers of pedestrian
right of way.
3. Integrate alleys, traffic diverters, barriers, and
"necking" of .intersections (see (c) under circulation improvement
below) into an overall. improved pedestrian environment.
4. Construct a pedestrian overpass of Dubuque Street at
Brown Street. Many pedestrians cross here, and other solutions
involving stopping traffic would probably create unnecessary danger
because of the hill on Dubuque Street.
(e) bicycles
1. Separate bike lanes from traffic lanes by raised curbs.
2. Paint bike lanes a contrasting color.
3. Provide additional bike .lanes and/or "bike streets".
Figure 12 indicates existing bike lanes in the North Side (westbound
on Market Street and eastbound on Jefferson Street) and suggested
routes for either new bike lanes or designated bike streets. Bike
lanes involve sonic level. of maintenance expenditure, but this is
probably unnecessary unless a major street is designated as a bike
route. Resi.dent-ial streets can be designated as "bike streets"
upon which autos would be required to yield the right of way to
bicycles, and autos would be prohibited from overtaking bicycles
26
In
(b)
sultan
Had to and Iv
Iia tic 1lig
1 _L
MAHKKIST.
Economy
Advertising
Westinghouse
Parking Lot
Figure 11. Example of Improved Pedestrian Crosswalks
at Market and Linn Streets
27
0 0
1 , i. I I , , , " h11• I.u1. .u'd nugl,r sl -d 1,16•11-oC[9
J�PARKI L
r
lu
REIN nl.[M I - .. .. .. ....... ... ... .. ....... G
W
CHURCH •If • � Ir _ Ij' � ❑ � ❑
C❑ C�=�; ❑: C==❑ ❑ r
FAIRCHILD • I PARK
J C� Lam: C❑ (�: C U C� L
OAVlN PORT ... ... .... ...... ...... .... .. ...... .. ..
BLOOMINGTON
❑1 � `_� � �, HOSPITAL � ❑ I�� ❑
MARKET BCHOO � �� C
JHFFERBON
Z
W W
a a Z W a o
7 Z m m m p u
7
0 !7 Q
> � 0
28
(a movement which often endangers bicyclists). RouLes for bik(,
lanes/streets should be selected on the basis of suitabLe :surface
(for example, the brick surface of Linn Street is less than ideal,
although the street's width suggests that it would be (jood for
bike lanes) and usefulness of the route for bicycle travel. Dike
routes on Davenport, Gilbert, Johnson and Lucas Streets could be-
come a part of a city-wide bicycle route system.
(f) brick streets and other resources
1. Maintain, protect, and restore (where asphalt patches
exist) the North side's brick streets. 'These are seen as an impor-
tant resource to the neighborhood and also help to discourage
through traffic because of the rough surface. Brick streets of the
North Side are indicated in Figure 13.
2. Protect other resources associated with but incidental
to trafficways, such as large trees on the parking.
Circulation Improvement
objective: To improve traffic circulation and safety while
protecting the neighborhood.
Proposals: 1. Provide traffic lights where two major streets
intersect, particularly in cases where there is substantial left
turning. Church and Dubuque, Gilbert and Jefferson, and Gilbert
and Market are intersections of this description*. Concurrent
measures should be taken to ensure that neither through traffic
in the neighborhood is increased nor drivers use residential
streets as "shortcuts" to avoid traffic lights.
2. Mark pavement so that left -turn lanes are provided
on major streets, decreasing the danger of rear -end collisions and
reducing the inconvenience to through traffic. Two possible loca-
tions for these are along Governor Street and for the southbound
lane of Dubuque Street. Again, these should be carefully planned
so that overall traffic volume and through traffic on residential
streets are not increased.
* Funding has been approved for traffic lights at the latter two
intersections, and installation is expected by fall of: 1977.
29
A-I.V.W
RONALD
CHURCH
FAIRCHILD
DAVENPORT
BLOOMINGTON
MARKET
JEFFERSON
HL„i. i
Brick street; � i ,Iu `. III- '"'
s
nnna ,
...........
CJ ( > > 4
L- .J J C: _ i I
ACHCC�J Ll�C.J CJC
(PARK C
�CC_J�JC_�CC� CC
CC^I C C__j CJ C-_-� C C
C C—J - -� H09PITAL C = E71 I
7C�C_1C��CC_j
-1 (----- - r--- _� F
Z
7
rt
¢
2
m
Q
z
m
(Dp
a
m
;
°
W
7 J
J
Z
°
J
0
0
°
o
0
0 0
3. Move curbs outward at intersections, "necking"
the street at that point, so as to prevent parking and provide
easier access to side streets. At an intersection such as
Governor and Ronalds, left -turning Lraffic from Governor must
enter Ronalds swiftly because of traffic volume and sliced. if
there is parking on both sides of the street, Ronalds is too
narrow for two cars to pass, creating a dangerous situation.
Necking would be more effective than curb painting or signing
in preventing parking, would provide more space for the planting
of trees as noise and visual buffers, and would provide for a
better pedestrian crossing. Necking of Ronalds Street at the
corner of Governor as compared with the existing situation is
shown in Figure 14.
Trafficways Financing
objectives: (a) To allow current and potential auto and other
vehicle owners to consider the full costs of
constructing and maintaining streets and of
neighborhood protection.
(b) To eliminate the burden of contribution to
street construction and maintenance that
currently falls upon property owners and renters.
Proposals: 1. The City should adopt a long-range goal of
requiring the operators of vehicles to pay the full costs of
trafficways construction, maintenance and administration, the
costs of protecting pedestrians and bicycles, the costs of pro-
tecting the North Side and other neighborhoods from the external
effects associated with traffic, and to contribute to general
government expenditures.
2. The City should lobby with the Iowa General Assembly
to allow municipalities to exercise local options on fuel taxes
and vehicle registration fees.
3. In the interim, general fund expenditures on
trafficways should be cut to an absolute minimum. It is possible
that truly critical needs might go unmet, but such a situation
would certainly increase public awareness of the need for increasing
vehicle user charges.
31
0
1
RomnlAy tit. E�
PROPOSED
Ronalds St.
Ml
l
Fl.pure 14.
Example of "necking" on Ronalds Sc.
at Governor Street
32
<1Y•.Nr�r..
Yf Wr 11 ti:'! 1 ,h M ..M `er •M•_ 1 r:Nr�
W"•alY wtw[?r
wll:-0. frr{ 4! 01/i_•YVaY F Lpu i=wi ...y(,-fvti[4.0.yj�M:
1
n, An. ..._ ..-...amu n=c� .a.
:,.. an vJ Y.:!v w's•,W
r[
:
.
r
6n�'SI` 1
j..
✓«' p,ta ic/./ r .r r,...�,..f,,.., 1.. ,, r s , ur.A v.. „try , 1J 4 {1.:
�f
I
1.
11-fY
lY
Rh7.�� R y �V} �Q M}1M1J, ILr r} A M1 Cr� jrl % K•Y�'M
�i
IJjtyG'.�V..Y¢i�Y'
�..
•
F
ljb� f+ must t Y!.
,141ns ALy,A./r"14'n: (Holl, la a 44'� 0naor - L- ., CllY >
effuflWe Luyeld a "'no if till L, ):Ak) Ilrl a,i ....4, ..w
pto)sr.aud 10 ul: rudaa' Over W'k 1h:• huYuttl P,!wav undo.
N aywileJ 10 doe lure ham 111).L1.'r .•r 1!04 1, 0 4.114 In
19.90 (See lgpu.•:1 I
As of July. 1916, fhero wort, :81 hr. t.uob 11011 4 ,rrn!ti) 0
IOW4 City zoned for conanoreud u:.r• In 19/6 Ih•uc w.o.r
total of 135 hoe hens (333 den:.l at Cuuunoo.I,d W,0
distributed ns shown in hilwo In
The Moller Analysts Of Urban Rnnrw.d St/ee Ipngwrnd for
Iowa City In November, 1976) lurucasts $51.8 million In
retail expenditures for downtown business by 19W This
analysis projects a net Increment of 114,(100 to 155,000
square feet of releil space for the noru future.
Urban renewal in Iowa City is nearing completion. This
fall, forty-three bids were received on the thirteen parcels
of urban renewal property. Those bids selected by the City
Council include an enclosed mall which will house a 60,000 -
square -foot (minimuml department store in addition to
several smaller stores. Retail space will also be provided in
other new buildings in the. urban renewal area. These new
retail establishments will be complemented by public im-
provements, new office buildings and apartment buildings,
a 140 -room hotel, and two parking ramps soon to be con-
structed.
COMMt KCIA1, LANA Ubt IN IOWA CITY
Iola
Source lows City Departmenr of Community Development, 1976.
FIGURE9
IOWA METROPOLITAN AREA PROJECTIONS
1980
POPULATION
HOUSEHOLDS
EFFECTIVE BUYING INCOME IEBI)•
RETAIL SALES
1980
METROPOLITAN
BUYING
i
1900
%. of U.S.EBI
1980 AVB•
AREAS
1974
1980
%Change
19M
%.Change
EBI---
r
�t
c m t,
%Change
i
IOWA 1911
f ---
00002)
Pages)
1974-M
AREA
1974-80
HECTARES
ACRES
North
1974.80
35.7
88.2
East
10.4
25.6
South
7,,0]
49.7
122.8
West
Iowa City
25.6
76.2
63.2
Central
10.2
13.4
0.0341
33.2
TOTAL
276,119
134,8
0.0314
333.0
Source lows City Departmenr of Community Development, 1976.
FIGURE9
IOWA METROPOLITAN AREA PROJECTIONS
1980
Source: lA975Sales Managonient Survoyof Buying Power; lurtherreproductionislorbirlden.
POPULATION
HOUSEHOLDS
EFFECTIVE BUYING INCOME IEBI)•
RETAIL SALES
1980
METROPOLITAN
BUYING
1900
%. of U.S.EBI
1980 AVB•
AREAS
1974
1980
%Change
19M
%.Change
EBI---
Household
1980
%Change
POWER
f ---
00002)
Pages)
1974-M
(10002)
1974-80
(il
1974.80
INDEX"
($10tiat
1974
7,,0]
EBI
Iowa City
73.8
76.2
3.3
28.2
10.2
480,656
0.0341
0.0313
17,045
276,119
51.7
0.0314
Cedar Rapids
167.9
173.0
3.0
63.8
9.8
1,191,177
0.0836
0.0776
18,670
656,923
52.7
0.0756
Devonport/Rock
364.8
361.9
0.8
133.3
5.7
2,724,058
0.1882
0.1775
20,747
1,550,604
55.9
0.1708
Island/Moline
Des Moines
324.7
336.7
3.7
128.6
10.8
2,833,559
0.1822
0.1946
22,034
1,56/,741
64.1
0.1732
Dubuque
94.1
97.6
3.7
31.1
10.7
641,723
0.0418
0.0418
20,634
414,302
63.8
0.0431
Sioux City
120.1
123.9
3.2
46.2
10.0
777,155
0.0538
0.0506
16,822
543,857
55.8
0.0540
Waterloo/
Coder Falls
133.8
134.7
0.7
47.6
7.4
1,046,924
0.0681
0.0682
21,994
641,353
65.4
0.0009
TOTAL:
ABOVEAREAS
1,279.2
1,304.0
1.9
478.8
8.7
9,695,252
0.6518
0.6316
20,334
5,650,899
59.1
0.6150
TOTAL: IOWA
12,889.8
2,957.2
2.3
1,114.0
9.4
120,810,734
1.3715
1.3555
18,681
110,789,100
1 60.7 1
1.2928
'Effective Buying Power I EBO = Personal income minus federal, state, and local taxes,
"Buying Power Index (BPO = Weighted index thin converts three basic elements (Population. EBI, and retail sales) Into a measurement of a mmkol's
ability, and expresses it as a percentago of the U.S. potential.
Source: lA975Sales Managonient Survoyof Buying Power; lurtherreproductionislorbirlden.
NEIGHBORAOD CONVENIENCE CENTERS
jh,gnpnd Lu .,ulvonron.n du,nta Idl u,muu du.0 nrvnsl
vi vvalind .lata r. a w. I"ll" .end nnnidt td L, wnl, and
emus: ea halal, ra1ntlo.11on (\ulvanleucn .mann usually
Ilh'lidet it qulau marAnl and a dwdshue la..nein. beauty
{altars dad o0un mul,"'t end .mall .hofu% play also he
Illilude,l Ihn Urban Land Inamuhr It111, nn I,....noilds d
alloun,trll In 11 ellatl oll It 4,(kk) put cumul (ol1Ve111alf1Ca
centers um"Illy au�u nn a.oa v%dlun a I Aaunu,hee 106111110
reliefs. 111.1 uhl of the ala, hov,ovvr will dupeod on the
density anif the purr l.aeutd p, ave, ,I It,.. Il.lp.au bun A
development with 7 to 1) dwelling innh per hectare 13 to b
units per acre) levels the L111 .tdnd:url lnquu... Hants int
tributary areln. RumdlurN it, lower density areas will
generally need to travel longer distances to reach shopping
facilities. To suplxm a 2,(M houwhold throsnold, tributary
areas fol d Cuelvnmmtice Uel ler flay very ns %hewn in
Figure 11.
The minimum trade area radius (shown below) assumes a
constant density. In reality, vacant land, other land use, and
the 1.6 to 3.2 hectares (4 to 6 acres) for the center will re-
quire "rnponsation in radius length.
FIGURE 11
CONVENIENCE CENTER TRADE AREAS
POPULATION DENSITY
MINIMUM TRADE
IDU = Dwelling Units)
AREA RADIUS
DU/ha
DU/a
km
mi.
12.5
5
0.72
0.45
25.0
10
0.51
0.32
37.5
15
0.42
0.26
50.0
20
0.35
0.22
62.5
25
0.32
0.20
75.0
30
0.29
0.18
1 hectare (he) = 2.47 acres (a)
1 kilometer (km) = 0.62 mile (mi,)
Source: Iowa City Department of Community Development, 1977.
FIGURE 12
NEIGHBORHOOD CONVENIENCE CLNTIIt DESIGN
.alb p
, L
1 i
u
ri dtddd�
o
i
SERVICE
dl11lDla Tlrl
I
,Source Redrawn hum Land Subdivlsiun regulebons, Mousley and
I fume f Inaoce Ayrm y, Wash myron. D. C
Most Iowa City residents are within a 1 -kilometer (0.6 -mile)
radius of their nearest grocery. Newer residential areas
on the city's edges are not served by a neighborhood
grocery. Drugstores are not as numerous as grocery
stores and are not as well distributed for customer access.
ULI suggests convenience centers occupy a maximum of
0.045 hectare (1 acre) per 1,000 population. The range of
gross floor area should be between 2,787 and 6,968 square
meters (30,000 to 75,000 square feet) including 5 to 20
shops. Parking need is estimated at 200 to 600 spaces
dependent on the amount of walk-in trade.
The best locations for convenience centers are on major
streets at or near intersectionsF�Nci barriers should block a
center from its tributary area. Appropriate design can
minimize traffic congestion and impact on nearby resi-
dences (Figure 12).
SELECTED SERVICES
In the U.S. Census, selected services included such
businesses as hotels, auto repair, recreation, personal and
legal services.
The total number of Iowa City's service establishments
doubled from 1963 to 1972. Receipts for Iowa City services
tripled during the same period. Receipts for Johnson
County and Iowa City increased at a much faster rate than
at the state level.
The Market Analysis o/ Urban Renewal Sites suggests that
an additional 190,000 square feet of office space "appears
supportable by 1980." The analysis also presents file
possibility of a 100-150 room hotel/motel in the urban
renewal area.
FIGURE 13
SELECTED SERVICES:
IOWA CITY, JOHNSON COUNTY, AND IOWA
1963-1972
Place
year
Establish-
Receipts
tmpioyees
ments
(91000)
1963
190
6,920
635
Iowa City
1967
272
11,146
990
1972
425
20,835
972
Johnson
1963
760
8,589
760
County
1967
1,232
14,263
1,232
1972
11305
26,942
1,305
1963
17,357
403,464
32,484
Iowa
1967
19,581
512,283
37,122
7972
23,744
925,255
49,102
Source: U.S. Consus of Business - Selected SDrvicas.
L7
FIGURE 3
JOHNSON COUNTY LABOR FORCE
1970-1976 (NOVEMBER)
Source: Iowa Employment SecurityCommission, 1977.
RETAIL TRADE
FIGURE 5
IOWA CITY RETAIL ESTABLISHMENTS
1958.1972
Year
Number of Employees
Employment Grouts
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
Nonagricultural wage and salary lescopt domantiasl
31.410
30,720
32,700
33,210
36,260
37,510
38.750
Manufacturing ---
_ 2.350
2,380
?550
2.620
2.790
2,570
2,680
Durable goods
130
tili0
700
690
890
120
770
Nondurable goods
1 620
1,720
1,850
1,930
1,910
1,H60
1,920
Food and kindred product.
370
4W
330
430
440
420
480
Other nondurable goods
1,260
1,330T5,27O5,920
10
1,470
1,430
1,430
Nonmanufacturing
29,060
28,340
90
33.470
34,930
36,070
Construction
1,610
1,53040
1,100
1,190
1,210
Transportation, communication, public utlhhos
950
83020
960
990
1,030
Wholesale and retail trade
5,340
5,17010
6,960
7,160
7,270
Wholesale trade
490
49080
720
740
750
Retail trade
4,840
4,6800
6,230
6,420
6,520
Finance, insurance, real estate
540
610
670
720
810
800
800
Service and mining
3.670
3,410
3,770
4,210
4,920
4,800
5,000
Government 1
16,950 1
16,780 1
17,830
17,000
18,660
20,010
20,760
Persons involved in labor-management disputes 1
0 1
0
0
1 0 1
0
0
0
Source: Iowa Employment SecurityCommission, 1977.
RETAIL TRADE
FIGURE 5
IOWA CITY RETAIL ESTABLISHMENTS
1958.1972
Year
Population'
Establishments
Population Per
Establishment
1958
32,197
135
238.5
1963
37,465
278
134.8
1967
42,828
313
136.8
1972
47,297
432
109.5
'Fstlrnates based on U. S. Census of Population.
Source: U.S. Census of Business -Retail.
From 1958 to 1972, the number of retail establishments has
increased by 22%. Growth was relatively slow from 1963
to 1967, but 119 establishments were added between 1967
and 1972. The increase in the number of retail establish-
ments has occurred at a much faster rate than the city's
population has grown. This suggests that in addition to
Iowa City business, the retailers are being supported by an
expanding trade area, or by increased tourist trade
generated from University activities.
General merchandise stores are capturing a progressively
larger percent of the city's total sales (Figure 6). Gas
stations, apparel stores, and eating and drinking establish -
ments also appear to be very strong. The building,
hardware, farm equipment retail group and the drug and
proprietary group are decreasing in percent of total sales,
A comparison of retail sales in Figure 7 finds Iowa City
sales increasing considerably faster than the state's retail
sales.
Iowa City is considered by Sales Management to be a poten-
tial Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area (SMSA). 300
metropolitan markets (SMSAS and potential SMSAs) are
ranked by 1975 Sales Management Survey o/ Buying
Power, as to amount of retail sales, regardless of area size
and population (Figure 8). The Iowa City area ranks 287
(out of 300) in population.
FIGURE 7
TOTAL RETAIL SALES:
IOWA CITY, JOHNSON COUNTY, AND IOWA
1963-1972
Source: U.S. Census of Business - Retail.
Iowa City
Johnson County
Iowa
Year
$1000
'/ •
$1000
'/.'
01000
'/.•
1963
57,775
46.0
11,366
50.4
3,067,599
29,1
1957
84,322
49,3
107,300
41,7
5,017,030
17,1
1972
125,920
1
55,259
5,876,759
'Percent change from ptecoding solos total.
Source: U.S. Census of Business - Retail.
"0
FIGURE 6
IOWA CITY RETAIL TRADL
1963-1972
Source: U.S. Census of Business -Retail
FIGURE S
METROPOLITAN INAARKET RANKING FOR IOWA CITY
1974
1963
RETAIL SALES
1961
300 2901 280 270 260 250 240 230 220 210 200 190
_ 117 .1
Effective buying power (EBI)"
TYPE OF BUSINESS
Estahtishmonts
Salos
Eatabluhmmur
gala+
l+tn6brhmnns+
Srdua
+
111 (11101
t
IIIOWI
Cr.aj..•;,:
Ib1000)
Building, hardwaro,
farm equipment
21
4.3LNi
a1
,:II
la
5,4."14
General merchandise
8
/,806
12
1.10/l
II
21,117
Food stores
34
12,218
31
IN,6/8
,C1
26,647
Auto dealers
19
9,838
15
11 182
41
18,945
Gas stations
37
4,201
3/
6,5711
69
10,879
Apparel & accessory
28
3, 1 16
21
41
8,317
Furniture, home
furnishing & equipment
21
2,321
27
3.591
46
6,430
Eating & drinking
51
3,797
55
5,403
62
9,531
Drug & proprietary
7
3,196
/
4,298
9
4,606
Miscellaneous stores
52
6,386
76
11,612
136
14,214
TOTAL
278
57,775
313
19,581 1
432
125,920
Source: U.S. Census of Business -Retail
FIGURE S
METROPOLITAN INAARKET RANKING FOR IOWA CITY
1974
Source: Based on data from 1975 Sales Managunwul Survey of Buying Powm; ywdav teprodurhon is lmbedden.
RANKING
RETAIL SALES
300 2901 280 270 260 250 240 230 220 210 200 190
Effective buying power (EBI)"
Median household EBI
ret•:';;+.:.-.-ef
+Y�w•±?•,
+
f5. -+tire
t
...c'f�r
Cr.aj..•;,:
it
Retail sales
Retail sales/household
Buying Power Index*
Food store sales
Supermarket
Eating and drinking places
r
General merchandise
Department stores
Apparel and accessories
Furniture, home furn., appliances
Furniture, home furnishings
Gas stations
• e t,
• "-
Automotive
Building materials, hardware
!'
Drugstores
-Iowa City's population rank - 2a7 out of 300 mnlropolitan markets ranked.
"Effective Buying Power IEBII - Personal income minus federal, state, and local taxes.
• "Buying Power Index (BPII - weighted index that converts three basic elements (Population, EBI, and retell sales) talon measurement of a markets
ability, and exprosses it ass percentage of the US. potential.
Source: Based on data from 1975 Sales Managunwul Survey of Buying Powm; ywdav teprodurhon is lmbedden.
Sales Management projects a 44% fase in Iowa City's
effective buying income IEBI) by 1980. Retail sales are
projected to increase over 50%. The buying power index
is expected to decline from 0.0338 in 1974 to 0.0314 in
1980. (See Figure 9.)
As of July, 1976, there were 287 hectares (708.4 acres) in
Iowa City zoned for commercial use. In 1976, there was a
total of 135 hectares 1333 acres) of commercial use,
distributed as shown in Figure 10.
The Market Analysis of Urban Renewal Sites (prepared for
Iowa City in November, 1976) forecasts $57.8 million in
retail expenditures for downtown business by 1980. This
analysis projects a net increment of 114,000 to 155,000
square feet of retail space for the near future.
Urban renewal in Iowa City is nearing completion. This
fall, forty-three bids were received on the thirteen parcels
of urban renewal property. Those bids selected by the City
Council include an enclosed mall which will house a 60,000 -
square -foot (minimum) department store in addition to
several smaller stores. Retail space will also be provided in
other new buildings in the urban renewal area. These new
retail establishments will be complemented by public im-
provements, new office buildings and apartment buildings,
a 140 -room hotel, and two parking ramps soon to be con-
structed.
i FIGURE 10
COMMERCIAL LAND USE IN IOWA CITY
1976
Source: Iowa City Department of Community Development, 1976.
FIGURE 9
IOWA METROPOLITAN AREA PROJECTIONS
1980
POPULATION
HOUSEHOLDS
EFFECTIVE BUYING INCOME IEBII'
RETAIL SALES
1980
METROPOLITAN
1974
i
%Change
1980
%Change
1980
%of U.S. Eat
1980 Avg.
1980
s 7e Change
BUYING
POWER
AREAS
(1000x)
(1D00a1
197440
(1DODs)
1974-M
EBI
.�
2
IOWA
�..
IOWA 1977
eram.o rm
))i
AREA
HECTARES
ACRES
North
EBI
35.7
88.2
East
Iowa City
10.4
25.6
South
28.2
49.7
122.8
West
0.0313
25.6
63.2
Central
0.0314
13.4
33.2
TOTAL
134.8
333.0
Source: Iowa City Department of Community Development, 1976.
FIGURE 9
IOWA METROPOLITAN AREA PROJECTIONS
1980
Source: Cl,- 1975 Soles Management Survey of Buying Power; furaux reproduction is forbidden.
POPULATION
HOUSEHOLDS
EFFECTIVE BUYING INCOME IEBII'
RETAIL SALES
1980
METROPOLITAN
1974
19M
%Change
1980
%Change
1980
%of U.S. Eat
1980 Avg.
1980
s 7e Change
BUYING
POWER
AREAS
(1000x)
(1D00a1
197440
(1DODs)
1974-M
EBI
Household
(01000)
1974.80
INDEX"
(01000)
1974
1 19M
EBI
Iowa City
73.8
76.2
3.3
28.2
10.2
480,656
00341
0.0313
17,045
276,119
51.7
0.0314
Cedar Rapids
167.9
173.0
3.0
63.8
9.8
1,191,177
0.0836
0.0776
18,670
656,923
52.7
0.0756
Davenport/Rock
364.8
361.9
0.8
133.3
5.7
2,724,058
0.1882
0.1775
20,747
1,550,604
55.9
0.1703
Island/Moline
Dos Moines
324.7
336.7
3.7
128.6
10.8
2,833,559
0.1821
0.1846
22,034
1,567,741
64.1
0.1732
Dubuque
94.1
97.6
3.7
31.1
10.7
641,723
0.0418
0.04181
20,634
414,302
63.8
0.0431
Sioux CitY
120.1
123.9
3.2
46.2
10.0
777,155
0.0538
0.0506
16,822
543,857
55.8
0.0540
Waterloo/
133.8
134.7
0.7
47.6
7.4
1,046,924
0.0681
0.0682
21,994
1
641,353
65.4
0.0665
Cedar Falls
C
TOTAL:
1,279.2
1,304,0
1.9
478.8
8.7
9,695,252
0.6518
O.G31fi
2(1,334
5,650,899
59.1
0.6150
ABOVE AREAS
TOTAL: IOWA
2,889.8
2,957.2
2.3
1,114.0
9.4
20,810,734
1.3715
1.35551
18,681
110,789,100
1 60.7
1.2928
'Elleclive Buying Power IEBII = Personal income minus federal, state, and local taxes.
"Buying Power Index (BPI) = Weighted index that converts throw basic elements (population, EBI, and retail sales) into a measurement of a markers
ability, and expressos it as a purcontage of ilia U.S. potential.
Source: Cl,- 1975 Soles Management Survey of Buying Power; furaux reproduction is forbidden.
NEIGHBORHOOD CONVENIENCE CENTERS
Shopping for convenience goods (groceries, drug items)
within walking distance is time and energy efficient, and
reduces traffic congestion. Convenience centers usually
include a supermarket and a drugstore; laundries, beauty
parlors and other services and small shops may also be
included. The Urban Land Institute (ULD recommends a
minimum population of 4,000 per center. Convenience
centers usually serve an area within a 1 -kilometer (0.6 -mile)
radius. The size of the area, however, will depend on the
density and the purchasing power of the population. A
development with 7 to 12 dwelling units per hectare (3 to 5
units per acre) meets the ULI standard requirements for
tributary areas. Residents in lower density areas will
generally need to travel longer distances to reach shopping
facilities. To support a 2,000 -household threshold, tributary
areas for a convenience center may vary as shown in
Figure 11.
The minimum trade area radius Ishown below) assumes a
constant density. In reality, vacant land, other land use, and
the 1.6 to 3.2 hectares (4 to 8 acres) for the center will re-
quire compensation in radius length.
FIGURE 11
CONVENIENCE CENTER TRADE AREAS
POPULATION DENSITY
MINIMUM TRADE
(DU =Dwelling Units)
AREA RADIUS
DU/ha
DU/a
km
mi.
12.5
5
0.72
0.45
25.0
10
0.51
0.32
37.5
15
0.42
0.26
50.0
20
0.35
0.22
62.5
25
0.32
0.20
75.0
30
0.29
0.18
1 hectare (ha) = 2.47 acres (a)
1 kilometer Ikml = 0.62 mile (mi.)
Source: Iowa City Department of Community Development, 1977.
FIGURE 12
NEIGHBORHOOD CONVENIENCE CENTER DESIGN
L_
ARTERIAL
0
o �
V
K
ITORES
J
V /
SERV¢[
R[ 10111TIIlL 1
Source: Redrawn from Land Suedvesion Regulations, Housing and
Home Finance Agency, Washington, D.C.
Most Iowa City residents are within a 1 -kilometer A6 mile)
radius of their nearest grocery. Newer residential areas
on the city's edges are not served by a neighborhood
grocery. Drugstores are not as numerous as grocery
stores and are not as well distributed for customer access.
ULI suggests convenience centers occupy a maximum of
0.045 hectare 0 acre) per 1,000 population. The range of
gross floor area should be between 2,787 and 6,968 square
meters (30,000 to 75,000 square feet) including 5 to 20
shops. Parking need is estimated at 200 to 600 spaces
dependent on the amount of walk-in trade.
The best locations for convenience centers are on major
streets at or near intersections. No barriers should block a
center from its tributary area. Appropriate design can
minimize traffic congestion and impact on nearby resi-
dences (Figure 12).
SELECTED' SERVICES
In the U.S. Census, selected services included such
businesses as hotels, auto repair, recreation, personal and
legal services.
The total number of Iowa City's service establishments
doubled from 1963 to 1972. Receipts for Iowa City services
tripled during the same period. Receipts for Johnson
County and Iowa City increased at a much faster rate than
at the state level.
The Market Analysis of Urban Renewal Sires suggests that
an additional 190,000 square feet of office space "appears
supportable by 1980." The analysis also presents the
possibility of a 100.150 room hotel/motel in the urban
renewal area.
FIGURE 13
SELECTED SERVICES:
IOWA CITY, JOHNSON COUNTY, AND IOWA
1963-1972
Place
Year
Establish-
Receipts
Employees
ments
($1000)
1963
190
6,920
635
Iowa City
1967
272
11,146
990
1972
425
20,835
972
Johnson
1963
760
8,589
760
1967
1,232
14,263
1,232
County
1972 1
1,305
1 26,942
1,305
1963
17,357
403,464
32,484
Iowa
1967
1
19,581
512,283
37,122
1972
23,744
925,255 1
49,102
Source: U.S. Census of Business - Selected Somices.
SHOLESALE TRADE
(las/)till 1/
W )Iola) A Al t. I k Oi
N)WA a.UV .1011hba/h t.t111N1V AN0110wA
Ise/ 191:
1 t rwelH+wh bwlne Pold
ok-'44 1slt)ts)I 'tart:oy.es
uw.k
I 1!I f 2
Itot al
J"honean I I-it,I
i.wn+y i
i4ir•
I96,;
h o,r1 14, 1: 1!4? 40 2WI
f. n1.1 I b, M9/46 45.0(A
S.;tAi �9,tX:1.; a'1 fil,tkM
...,..0 o5 . u.»„., I liux..vnr wnnu.ne
rhe 1972 l/ S Census of Business- Wholesale shows a
-;ubstdnual increase in the number of establishments and
total sales •,ince. 1963. The period from 1963 to 1967
,hawed n!lahvely little increase for Iowa City, Johnson
County, and Iowa. Sales for Iowa City wholesalers
. nco!ased 20%. In the period from 1967 to 1972 wholesale
receipts increased much more rapidly. Iowa City sales
increased by 69%, Johnson County sales were up by 79%,
and sales statewide increased by 68%.
Of the wholesalers in Iowa City in 1972, 47 were merchant
wholesalers and 7 were other operating types (e.g., sales
departments of manufacturing firms). Although few in
number, wholesalers of other operating types accounted
for one third of Iowa City's total wholesale sales for that
year.
MANUFACTURING
I ho 17. J. (;w.,ros of Md nuGretwers reports that from 1967
ttr 1912 Iowa laity oxpanu scud muderatu growth in all
wepwcts of m nufactunng activities. rho number of
w«lablishments incroassid by 15; the number of establish
-
nronts with 20 or more employees increased by 4. There
was substantial Increase in employees, payroll, value
added, and capital expenditures IFigure 15). Prior to 1967,
the number of manufacturing establishments fluctuated
between 20 and 27 total establishments, while selos and
employment steadily Increased.
Thirty-six of Johnson County's 51 industries are located in
Iowa City. Most of the county's industries are small,
employing less than 20 workers. Johnson County has
basically the same industrial mix as the state, except for a
higher percentage of establishments producing lumber
and wood products and instruments, and a lower
percentage of machinery manufacturers.
Two of Iowa City's leading industries are education
oriented: American College Testing and Westinghouse
Learning Corporation. Nona of the leading industries
would be Considered heavy industry (Figure 16),
FIGURE 16
IOWA CITY INDUSTRIES
WITH 50 OR MORE EMPLOYEES
1977
Industry
r
Employees
(Estimate)
American College Testing
Educational programs
450
i;i
;h IUI
4IU
!ro/
44% 1Gf
4!11
T.:1
1 40,:.li
413
fit
! 4h bid
63:1
till
III, IJe+
1 (lib
h o,r1 14, 1: 1!4? 40 2WI
f. n1.1 I b, M9/46 45.0(A
S.;tAi �9,tX:1.; a'1 fil,tkM
...,..0 o5 . u.»„., I liux..vnr wnnu.ne
rhe 1972 l/ S Census of Business- Wholesale shows a
-;ubstdnual increase in the number of establishments and
total sales •,ince. 1963. The period from 1963 to 1967
,hawed n!lahvely little increase for Iowa City, Johnson
County, and Iowa. Sales for Iowa City wholesalers
. nco!ased 20%. In the period from 1967 to 1972 wholesale
receipts increased much more rapidly. Iowa City sales
increased by 69%, Johnson County sales were up by 79%,
and sales statewide increased by 68%.
Of the wholesalers in Iowa City in 1972, 47 were merchant
wholesalers and 7 were other operating types (e.g., sales
departments of manufacturing firms). Although few in
number, wholesalers of other operating types accounted
for one third of Iowa City's total wholesale sales for that
year.
MANUFACTURING
I ho 17. J. (;w.,ros of Md nuGretwers reports that from 1967
ttr 1912 Iowa laity oxpanu scud muderatu growth in all
wepwcts of m nufactunng activities. rho number of
w«lablishments incroassid by 15; the number of establish
-
nronts with 20 or more employees increased by 4. There
was substantial Increase in employees, payroll, value
added, and capital expenditures IFigure 15). Prior to 1967,
the number of manufacturing establishments fluctuated
between 20 and 27 total establishments, while selos and
employment steadily Increased.
Thirty-six of Johnson County's 51 industries are located in
Iowa City. Most of the county's industries are small,
employing less than 20 workers. Johnson County has
basically the same industrial mix as the state, except for a
higher percentage of establishments producing lumber
and wood products and instruments, and a lower
percentage of machinery manufacturers.
Two of Iowa City's leading industries are education
oriented: American College Testing and Westinghouse
Learning Corporation. Nona of the leading industries
would be Considered heavy industry (Figure 16),
FIGURE 16
IOWA CITY INDUSTRIES
WITH 50 OR MORE EMPLOYEES
1977
Industry
Product
Employees
(Estimate)
American College Testing
Educational programs
450
(ACT)
and services
Economy Advertising Co.
Printing materials
65
H.J. Heinz Company
Distribution center
50
Moore Business Forms
Business forms
245
Owens Brush Company
Toothbrushes and
450
other hershes
Itmlllion)
Proctor and Gamble
Toiletries
350
Manufacturing Company
27
-
H.P. Smith Company
Specialized release
50
0.7
papers
3.4
Thomas and Betts
Electrical components
100
Company
21
7
Westinghouse Learning
Educational services
525
Corporation
1.7
24.8
Source: Iowa City Chamberof Commerce, 1977.
FIGURE 15
IOWA CITY MANUFACTURING
1954-1972
Year
Establishments
All Employees
Production workers
Valu.
Added
Cost of
Materiel
Value of
Shipment
New Capital
Expenditure
With 20+
Payroll
Total
Man-hours
Wages
Total
Employees
Total
($1111111110.1)(millions)
(Emlllion)
Itmlllion)
Itmllllon)
IOmillion)
)/million)
1954
27
-
540
2.1
334
0.7
1.3
3.4
-
0.1
1958
21
7
650
3.1
412
0.6
1.7
24.8
0.3
1963
27
9
1,040
5.7
791
1.6
3.8
52.3
-
1.2
1967
21
10
1,800
11.2
1,400
2.7
7.5
95.3
48.1
142.4
2.6
1972
36
14
1 2,000
17.7
1,500
3.1
11.4
136.8
75.3
1 717.3
5.6
Source: U.S. Census of Manufacturers.
FIGURE 17 0
PERSONS EMPLOYED IN
IOWA CITY MANUFACTURING
1950.1970
Type of Manufacturing
1950
Change
19511811
1960
Cheoae tsru
19W 70
Furniture, lumber, wood
9
378
-LI
I I ,
Metal industry
18
11
20
fl J.IL;
Machinery
19
111
40
H n.
(except electrical)
77,8
75.0
$2.78
$3.68
Electrical machinery
Id
4,,70
!J
IOWA Q
Transportation egr ripmern
0
A 1477
8
.
Other durable goods
31
539
194
63.7
Food Ef kindred
129
43
144
l6
Textiles
8
0
B
W
Printing, publishing 3
4.36
3.5
South
22,077 26,169
allied industries
lsy
49
297
Chemicals U allied
13
754
ill
66 IN
products
10.3
TOTAL
Other nondurable goods
6
150
15
1,411)
TOTAL
446
120
983
37 L3h1
Source: U.S. Census of Population.
Most of those employed in Iowa City manufacturing work
in printing, publishing, and allied industries, production of
nondurable goods, other durable goods, and chemicals
and allied products (Figure 17).
Certain characteristics of Iowa City manufacturing are of
interest when compared with the state, Cedar Rapids (a
neighboring population center) and Ames (a university
community of similar size). (See Figure 18.) Iowa City
tends to be lower both in production wages and payroll
per employee. The cost of materials per employee and the
value added per employee are higher in comparison,
suggesting the manufacturers in Iowa City are able to take
advantage of a cheap, highly productive labor supply.
A., of _I,IIy 1916 •4121 d) hulidnm 11 W2 228 act"'( of low.1
l I, I., ..1 w.0 loon,( for i,,.luilnal „a, O'er two Itn.•. ie UI
II... i.,.,,1 w.0 lonrd MI Ilulhl indstfyl, unu lulu 111 wah
:anrd M2 Ihonvy Indoslryl rlod ti h (1WC0111 Wdi hn10d
ORP "IN r 111e.0 Ch park fn 111 Ili ulduut 1.11 uae of rupial
1.118 , .1, n,,, . nnr rn tt aced in the aoolll efll
or ?hv . it, 1 f 'µun 1:11
FIGURE 19
INDUSTRIAL LAND USE IN IOWA CITY
1976
Source: Iowa Ciry Department of Community Development. 1976.
FIGURE 18
MANUFACTURING CHARACTERISTICS: IOWA CITY, AMES, CEDAR RAPIDS, AND IOWA
1967-1972
PRODUCTION WORKERS
ALL EMPLOYEES
% of All
Wages Par
Payroll Value Added Cost of Material
PLACE
Employees
Man-hour
l�
It,Lr2P�.
y
1967
!ally
fl J.IL;
1972
`r
IC
1972 1987
1972
Iowa City
77,8
75.0
$2.78
$3.68
$6,222
/IT,1,
S68,400 $26,722
$37,650
IOWA Q
77.8
69.2
A 1477
3.41
.
u<,A tm
16,692 5,944
10,077
AREA
63.7
HECTARES
2.98
ACRES
North
10,132 14,915
3.4
33,630
8.3
East
72.9
1.4
4.36
3.5
South
22,077 26,169
85.1
210.2
West
34.9
86.2
Central
4.2
10.3
TOTAL
129.0
318.5
Source: Iowa Ciry Department of Community Development. 1976.
FIGURE 18
MANUFACTURING CHARACTERISTICS: IOWA CITY, AMES, CEDAR RAPIDS, AND IOWA
1967-1972
Source: Interpolated from U.S. Census of Manufacturers, by Iowa City Department of Community Development, 1977.
PRODUCTION WORKERS
ALL EMPLOYEES
% of All
Wages Par
Payroll Value Added Cost of Material
PLACE
Employees
Man-hour
Per Employee Per Employee Per Employee
1967
1972
1987
1972
1987
1972 1967
1972 1987
1972
Iowa City
77,8
75.0
$2.78
$3.68
$6,222
$8,850 552,944
S68,400 $26,722
$37,650
Ames
77.8
69.2
2.19
3.41
4,611
7,385 11,944
16,692 5,944
10,077
Cedar Rapids
63.7
63.9
2.98
4.46
7,228
10,132 14,915
21,329 12,676
33,630
Iowa
77.3
72.9
3.05
4.36
6,828
9,461 15,473
22,077 26,169
36,877
Source: Interpolated from U.S. Census of Manufacturers, by Iowa City Department of Community Development, 1977.
HOSPIPALS AND HEAL CARE
tows City hospit:il5 have been a fore et nlal.rng the cily a
regional center Hospital tacilrtic, in tOW.l Cay induda In"
University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Mercy Hospital.
FIGURE 20
UNIVERSITY OF IOWA HOSPITALS AND CLINICS:
PATIENT ADMISSIONS
1975-76
Rational Source
Within
120MI1sa
Outride
1201NIIse
Total
Iowa Counties
27,102
1,188
34,290 ICJ%I
State Institutions
334
43h
787 12%1
Out of State
2.560
1,035
3.595 l9%I
TOTAL
29,996178%)
5,676 f22%1
38,6721107%1
Source. Hospital Information Services, University of Iowa Hospitals and
Clinics. August, 1976.
Vt i till, 11), Nil I,I i.I tr. Hooli!.II
Oakdalr tli .d!i' I..r r (i air, .i i . r iuopil al S1
Togvihei thw,.r 1, ol-lk 11.111 .!.11-,L,:r1 a Iaillr intra
and interat.il.. •,ei�u r .iii I V"I"',, Mcrnonal Ho,pdal
servos 34 mor -aura in ea strut Inw.i :.l , .xlntius m 1101111
wast Illnioc, dnd A counho, .n h„rtheast Mismlun
Admissions 10 the Univoreity of 10w,i Hospitals and Chnes:
for 1975 76 fFgprm .Ill usnnn lify tib- 1n1t)0nance of Iowa
City :Is a health ran, renter
In 1970, 15 211,7 lit tiv city's I,Ihui Ilii, -c wars rmployrrl 10
hospital and hwllth .,view Iluspear, employed 2,732,
and an additional 398 were employed i0 health services.
Today, over 20% is employed by des sector. At pn ,0111,
University Hospital alone employs 3,695 full time
employees dnd eitiatwtes hiring an additional 420 full time
professionals and nonprofessionals by 1980. Oakdale
employs 350, and Hospital Schools employs 290. Veterans
Memorial Hospital presently has 715 full-time employees,
and Mercy employs 719 full and part time persons.
UNIVERSITY OF IOWA
As a Big Ten University, the University of Iowa attracts FIGURE22
students from every state and from numerous foreign UNIVERSITY OF IOWA ENROLLMENT PROJECTION
countries (Figure 21). These students are the basis of 1977-1986
much of the tertiary activity in Iowa City. Students
0000+)
The University is also the largest employer in Iowa City,
with 8,603 full-time employees (including those employed
by the University's hospitals). Of the full-time employees,
1,717 are faculty members, 2,511 are administrators and
professionals, and 4,375 are in the merit system (general
employment). Over 5,9000 part-time hourly wage employees
work for the University.
In fiscal 1976, the University of Iowa received $44 million in
grants for research and development. 635 million was
received from the federal government, and $9 million from
nonfederal sources.
FIGURE 21
UNIVERSITY OF IOWA ENROLLMENT
BY GEOGRAPHIC ORIGIN
1976-1977
Origin
Students
Percent
Iowa
16,769
74.9
States adjoining Iowa
2,795
12.5
Other states
2,080
9.3
Foreign countries
749
3.3
TOTAL
22,393
100.0
Source: Office of Admissions and Records, University of luwa, 197;
1977 8o 83 86
Year
Source.- Office of Vicn-President for Academic Affairs, University of
lawn, October, 1976.
Projections of the national population base estimate the
number of college-age people 08 to 22 years old) to be
substantially lower for the period from 1980 to the year
2000. The University of Iowa has already experienced a
slight decrease in enrollment. Not only will this affect the
amount of trade for commercial activities in Iowa City; it
will reduce new employment opportunities in professional
jobs and support activities within the University.
WARE DEVEL®PMINT
In wrier to .Ilan„ hnv.1 Cay , r.,,l,. 1,.
Il Ie valoable IJ for u!w lie• W10,, I .r id
wte&i has R¢emly b I-11 Aha, it I i
Because of state regulations aial I.nv> IT',? i l.10 Ir
considering in Iowa location t,ll bf,lm 1,
the Iowa Development Commusinn w Oe:. M.lu 1, I,e
information on available sites Die Coinow,ion n,., n.I,
thoso and other new industries .lnd napanslons The n,am
sources of industrial prospects sire 1972 have hren luwa
(33 prospects), Minnesota 131), Ohio 126), Michigan 120)
and Illinois 111). Branch plants locating in Iowa since 1972
most frequently originated from Iowa (52 plants), Illinois
(30), Minnesota (23), Wisconsin 1121, and New York 110)
In the last ten years, Iowa's industrial development has
included approximately 900 new industries and 1,930
expansions. This has increased employment by 125,668
and capital investments for the developments totalled
nearly $3 billion. Characteristics of 1976 industrial
development in cities of 25,000 (as reported by Iowa
Development Commission) are shown in Figure 23. Sixty-
three percent of the new industrial development is non -rail
served. Two classifications appeared most frequently as
new industry and expansions within the state: food and
kindred, and motor freight transportation and warehous-
ing. Other classifications experiencing substantial growth
on the state level were fabricated metal products,
machinery (except electrical), lumber and wood products,
and rubber and miscellaneous plastic products.
In the last two years, Iowa City reported neither expansions
nor new industry. In 1974, Proctor and Gamble (chemicals
and allied products) expanded. Thomas and Betts
(electrical machinery) came to Iowa City in 1973. Owens
Brush Company expanded during the same year. In 1972,
Iowa City added a new industry, Hawkeye Fabrication
Company, Inc. (rubber and miscellaneous plastic products).
Protein Blenders (food and kindred) expanded in 1972.
In a telephone survey of leading Iowa City industries
(conducted in March, 1977) locational criteria were rated
as to their importance in the firm's decision to come to
Iowa City. Five of the six respondents felt community
size and the labor force were very important. Other
M,nl v . ,.shin:, i,1-11. 'I 11'er I n ,,, I. o,;vl• I11,111rtr-I
Ilatil ri.rl:, ll;I 11141n 'rl,,i,r,. 1,1 ,r1r1-. w h III l.VV11 )
mylnrL.,,cn the L111NN,1,ay ul l,rwa ungnitel lai'Ihlu
alld A',natelels ww" 111)1 lnlpnl l.lnl ❑i Illy Ile, likLP. In
eels! , oonderns One, n„Duni e•nl ,h,•e•,nJ the Inlpol
Ian cr,ll in exeliny bulldoel In hl, hmf; decision
Iowa City residents generally approve of attracting num
polluting industry to Iowa City. In a 1911 city wide survey,
a large majority (84%1 said "yes” to attracting university or
medically oriented industry. Ove, 70% considered other
light industry to be acceptable, also.
In the future, Iowa City may wish to have a more active
role In encouraging selected industries to locate in Iowa
City. A city economic development commission could be
established for the job of researching and defining desirable
industry. The desirability and feasibility of all prospective
industries should be evaluated so that the city might attract
those industries compatible with the goals for Iowa City
development. The city could benefit from coordinating its
search activities with the Iowa Development Commission,
the Economic Development Committee of the Chamber of
Commerce, Business Development Incorporated, and the
University's and hospitals' administrators. The citrl may
also become more involved with its present industries, to
encourage expansion and capital improvement where
desirable.
In a recent memorandum (June, 1977) consultants Zuchelli,
Hunter and Associates, Inc., re, mmended several steps
Iowa City should take toward economic development. The
consultants suggested the city conduct a technical analysis
focusing on testing, medical, and media -related educa-
tional industries, and actively pursue selected industries
within those fields. The memorandum emphasized ways
of encouraging and expanding existing economic develop-
ment efforts. The consultants also recommended that the
city consider large-scale development projects requiring
increased city financial involvement.
FIGURE 23
INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENTS FOR COMMUNITIES OVER 25,600
1976
Source. lawn Development CommL<slnn, 1977
AVERAGE SITE SIZE
AVERAGE FLOOR AREA
TYPE
DEVELOP-
MENTS
EMPLOYEES
CAPITAL
INVESTMENT
HECTARES
ACRES
SO. METERS
SQ. FEET
New Industry
8
131
S 1,127,500
0.57
1.4
170
1,930
Branch Plants
10
1,342
27,330,000
3.12
7.7
2,785
29,944
Expansions
57
5,650
134,002,600
10.16
25,1
6,998
75,243
TOTAL
75
7,123
$162,460,100
B.1?
20.2
5,708
61,373
Source. lawn Development CommL<slnn, 1977
0 0
AGt N.I',
IOWA CITY RIVIR1101il !01,
CIIY MANACtR'S CuNl!hINLI b(it l`t
OLL[MbIR 14, 1`171 • 3:.10 1'.!1
Iton NO. 1 - Meetmq to order.
Roll.
Item No. Z - Inth)dUCtien of Ilotvard Sokol, new ivw(cr.
Item No. 3 - Approval of minutes for November '), 1977.
Item No. 4 - Proposal for neonice bridge sculpture on the Iowa River this
winter by Dante Leonelli, visitinq Professor of Art,
Item No. 5 - Discussion of proposed Rocky Shore bikeway.
Item No. 6 - Priority activities for 1978.
Item No. 7 - Comnittee appointments.
Item No. 8 - Slides of Hardin County trip.
Item No. 9 - New Business.
Item No. 10 - Adjournment.
42-9 (=
0
City of
MEMORA
to John Balmer
FROM: Linda Schreiber
RE: U.A.Y.
0
City
JDUM
OATCQ!4 (ember 13,
,
,l'k ,r
^ �I Or
First let me apologize for the delay answering your questions concerning
U.A.Y.
I believe you had two questions:
(a) Ethan Fox'es employment?
(b) Travel expenses to Indiana?
(a) Mayor's Youth referred Ethan to U.A.Y. in January, 1977. Youth
qualify for Mayor's Youth activities by meeting income guidelines or by
being referred by school counselors. Ethan performed routine office
duties such as answering phones, filing, performing odd jobs at U.A.Y.
While Ethan was working as an office aid for U.A.Y. he expressed a
desire to become an outreach worker. To achieve his goal he applied to
the Crisis Center Youth Line. He was accepted and became part of its
staff after completing fifty hours of training. His work for the Crisis
Center was voluntary, he received no salary.
The Mayor's Youth school program, which funded Ethan's position, ended
in May. At the June Board meeting, the U.A.Y. Board approved replacing
Crystal Odel who graduated from high school and terminated her employ-
ment at U.A.Y. Ethan Fox was considered as an outreach aid. His office
experience working at U.A.Y. during the school year as well as his
training from the Crisis Center made him an attractive candidate.
Outreach workers are employed twenty hours a week during the summer and
ten to fifteen hours a week during the school year. There are now three
outreach workers, two at the high schools and one at junior high. These
are paid $2.50 per hour. Ethan is working at West High. His salary is
being funded by a county LEAA Grant.
(b) United Way funded United Action for Youth $1500 for the calendar
year 1977. These funds are mainly used to support outreach aids salaries.
Josie Gittler (Senator Culver's office staff) discussed this meeting
with Jim and urged him to attend.
The First National Youth Services Workers Conference was held in Bloomington,
Indiana from June 30 to July 3 this year. Several national organizations
such as National Youth Alternatives, the Office of Youth Development and
Crime Detention, sponsored this Program.
.297
0 -2- 0
Three representatives of U.A.Y. went to the Conierem e. The registraiwon
cost was $120. The milage costs were $70. The Conferent.e muphasited
delinquency prevention, changes in Federal legislation, and new adminla U•ntion
(Carter) appointments.
Approximately twenty representatives were present from Iowa. In addtt,cn
to the scheduled workshops a highlight of the Conference for Jim was
when he met with Senator Culver. A copy of the program is attached for
your information.
P.S. Jim has been appointed Vice Chairperson of the State Juvenile
Justice Advisory Council. He is knowledgable of his area and the
Police Department supports his work.
Once again I apologize for the delay answering your questions. Ssiould
you need any further information do not hesitate to give me a call.
ST LL TC! E TO Af TEr "D
NATIONAL YOUTH WORKERS CONFERENCE
June 30 -July 3,1977
Indiana University Bloomington, Indiana
An impressive list of key federal and Congres-
sional youth policy makers w ill be addressing
and hJurmally meeting with those attending the
National Youth Workers Conference. These pol-
icy makers will be explaining the latest in federal
funding and policy initiatives, as well as seeking
out information from youth workers.
A large number of workshops and panels
will focus on the training needs of local program
directors, supervisors, and counselors as deter-
minr.d by NYA P's extensive, national survey.
Local programs to be represented at the
conference include youth service bureaus, runa-
way centers, hotlines, juvenile court diversion
projects, probation departments, delinquency
prevention projects, and drug and alcohol preven-
tion programs.
The total cost for all panels and workshops,
meals in the university dining facilities, and
housing in university dormitories is only $90.
The conference is sponsored by NYAP, the
National Runaway Switchboard, the National Hot-
line and Crisis Intervention Network, and LEAA's
Offi-ce of Juvenile Justice; in cooperation with the
Office of Youth Development/ HEW, The Lilly
Endowment, Exxon Corporation, the National
Council on Crime and Delinquency, and the
National Association of Counties.
Participants may register in advance or at
the conference site upon arrival.
Although Bloomington has its own small
airport, it is mainly served by Indianapolis
International Airport. Special shuttle buses will
be available to and from the Indianapolis airport,
as will limos and cabs.
Opening session will be 7:30 p. m. , Thurs-
day, June 30, and closing will be at noon, July 3.
For more information on the conference,
call: Tom McCarthy, NYAP, (202)785-0764; or
Clarice Sampson, Mett»-lTclp, (312)929-5854.
Rector, Brown
At press time, those who have accepted invitations
to speak include:
SEN. JOHN CULVER (D -Iowa) --(Tentative)
new chairman of the Senate Subcommittee to In-
vestigate Juvenile Delinquency, which has jurfs-
dlction over the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency
Prevention Act.
ARABELL.A MARTINEZ-.director of HEW's
Office of Human Development, which has an an-
nual budget of $4. 4 billion and includes the Office
of Youth Development and Office of Child Devel-
opment.
REP. GEORGE 'BILLER (D -Ca.) --a leader
in the Congressional effort to reform the federal
• � %4
r
�• i
adoption and foster care program; and a member
of the key Education and Labor Committee.
JOHN RECTOR --currently chief counsel of
the Senate Subcommittee to Investigate Juvenile
Delinquency, pending Presidential appointment to
head LEAA's Office of Juvenile Justice and De-
linquency Prevention.
FRED NADER--acting director of LEAA's
Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Pre-
vention.
JEANNE WEAVER --acting commissioner
of the Office of Youth Development, HEW; which
administers the Runaway Youth Act.
SAM BROWN --director of ACTION, the
federal volunteer service agency increasingly in-
volved In youth work.
Culver,
Martinez, Miller,
The conference is sponsored by NYAP, the
National Runaway Switchboard, the National Hot-
line and Crisis Intervention Network, and LEAA's
Offi-ce of Juvenile Justice; in cooperation with the
Office of Youth Development/ HEW, The Lilly
Endowment, Exxon Corporation, the National
Council on Crime and Delinquency, and the
National Association of Counties.
Participants may register in advance or at
the conference site upon arrival.
Although Bloomington has its own small
airport, it is mainly served by Indianapolis
International Airport. Special shuttle buses will
be available to and from the Indianapolis airport,
as will limos and cabs.
Opening session will be 7:30 p. m. , Thurs-
day, June 30, and closing will be at noon, July 3.
For more information on the conference,
call: Tom McCarthy, NYAP, (202)785-0764; or
Clarice Sampson, Mett»-lTclp, (312)929-5854.
Rector, Brown
At press time, those who have accepted invitations
to speak include:
SEN. JOHN CULVER (D -Iowa) --(Tentative)
new chairman of the Senate Subcommittee to In-
vestigate Juvenile Delinquency, which has jurfs-
dlction over the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency
Prevention Act.
ARABELL.A MARTINEZ-.director of HEW's
Office of Human Development, which has an an-
nual budget of $4. 4 billion and includes the Office
of Youth Development and Office of Child Devel-
opment.
REP. GEORGE 'BILLER (D -Ca.) --a leader
in the Congressional effort to reform the federal
• � %4
r
�• i
adoption and foster care program; and a member
of the key Education and Labor Committee.
JOHN RECTOR --currently chief counsel of
the Senate Subcommittee to Investigate Juvenile
Delinquency, pending Presidential appointment to
head LEAA's Office of Juvenile Justice and De-
linquency Prevention.
FRED NADER--acting director of LEAA's
Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Pre-
vention.
JEANNE WEAVER --acting commissioner
of the Office of Youth Development, HEW; which
administers the Runaway Youth Act.
SAM BROWN --director of ACTION, the
federal volunteer service agency increasingly in-
volved In youth work.
TRAINING
WORKSHOPS:
PANELS:
MAIN
SPEAKERS:
0 0
PROGRAM:
Training workshops will address specific direct service provision,
management, advocacy, and theory concerns of:
* Delinquency Prevention Projects * Probation Departments
* Y's, Boy's Clubs, Scouts, etc. * Runaway Centers
* Juvenile Court Diversion Projects * Group Homes
* Multi -Purpose Community Programs * Hotlines
* Drug and Alcohol Treatment and * Youth Service Bureaus
Prevention Projects
In addition, there will be workshops on many other topics of
interest to youth"worket•s including:
* Youth Employment * Community Needs Assessment
* Peer Counseling * Legal Rights and Advocacy
* Federal and State Grantsmanship * Coordination of Services
* Foundation and Local Fundraising * Sex Education
* New Outreach Techniques * Outward Bound
* Innovative Program Components * Youth Development
Panels will address such broad areas as:
* How are present and future federal initiatives relevant to youth
programs?
* What can we do about categorical funding programs which force us
to label our clients?
* How can we insure continued existence of community-based services?
* Should community-based youth programs be integrated into the
juvenile justice and mental health systems?
* How can we influence the development of a national youth policy?
* Should youth workers be credentialed? If so, by whom and under
what criteria?
Each of the main speakers listed on the front page has been requested
to meet with conference attendees on an informal basis as well as
deliver formal remarks. The response to this request has been quite
favorable.
If you need more information
on the program, call:
Tom McCarthy
National Youth Alternatives Project
(202)785-0764
If you need more information on
housing, registration, etc., call:
Clarice Sampson
Metro -Help
(312)929-5854
`1
NAI It+NAI Y(in1'ii Nolt)%ERS CONFERENCE
.11,Nt: :t0 -- JULY 1, 1977
INI)IANA uNlvt:R91TY, HLOOMINGTON, IND.
R,!nm, Hoard, and Registration: $90
Unr.Wy RoklsUallon Fee: $30
Youth ItrKt■lraticn Ive (17 and under): $50
(p;nelose i,I,) depoail per each person registering)
• N1411 rorni in by dunr 1:1, or pre -register by phone after that date, (312) 929-5854
Specify roommate preference, it any, and register on the same form.
.......-.......... ...............................-----.-.--.-----.---------_-._---_---_---------------------------------
NAMt. NAME
I10SI'I10N U('('1'PA PION POSITION/OCCUPATION
AGENCY AGENCY
ADDRESS ADDRESS
CITY/STATE CITY/STATE
TELE191ONr. ( ) TELEPHONE ( )
• Check here if this is a youth registration (17 and under).
Enclosed is a check for $ to secure a reservation for _ persons.
a
Please check one of (W' following„ if applicable:
( ) Iintend to travel by air and will require bus service into WrOmington.
( ) I intend to drive and will use parking facilities on the Indiana University campus.
Please send confirmation to:
Name
Address
City/State
SEND REGISTRATION FORM TO:
NATIONAL YOUTH WORKERS CONFERENCE
METRO-HELP/NATIONAL RUNAWAY SWITCHBOARD
2210 North Halsted
Chicago, Illinois 60614
(if you need additional registration forms, please photo -copy)
TRANSPORTATION:
AIR: There are regularly scheduled flights into Indwou p„ll, hitt rn. u.,,...
Airport (formerly [Keir Cook Airport). Special .t..du.t.... ar..,..
from the airport to the Indiana University rampun to
will be available. Approximate travel time from rhr +rr+wrt to thr
campus is fifty minutes. Approximate fare. for hue >rry t,r wlli hr
$3. Limos and cabs will also be available, thoulgl ow htgll tatoo
suggest sharing the cost with others.
BUS: There is regularly scheduled Greyhound service to Woomtnrton.
TRAIN: There is limited Amtrx%-9t.T1Nce to Bloomington.
80
OUTSIDE ACCOMMODATIONS
Those who prefer not to slay in university dormitories may make their
own arrangements at any of several area motels. These include Travelodge„
(812) 339-6191; Ramada Inn, (812) 334-3252; and Howard Johnson's Motor
Lodge,' (812) 332-7441. ,.
.3pS 9r tiv �y •
National Youth Alternatives Project 3VN,=,�I�'t1.�J'= �•t��i.S �f .
1346 Connecticut Avenue, N. W.
Washington, D.C., 20036 0• �3�4.� ^`
Mr. James P. Swaim
1030 Muscatine
Iowa City, Iowa 52240
0 0
Expert: 'Sunshi ie' bad
for collective bargaining
Iowa Daily Press Association
UES MOINES — "You really rent
do collective bargaining for Pohle eery
ployyeea In the sunshine."
7Tat uaertion was made by Ur. Rob-
ert Helsby, one of the country's leading
experts oo collective bargaining laws.
Ifelsby, who was a member rsf the
Public Employment Relations Hoard for
the stab of New York for 10 years, was
In Des Moines last week to address ■
fact-flnding and arbitration conference.
Although Florida requires collective
bargaining for public employees to be
done in the open, fleisby says people
are Teaming to work around the law.
Nevado also requires collective her.
gaining In the sunshine, he said.
"Some of our school districts In New
York decided it would be good to hold
open sessions. 1 admit it's an excellent
theory to permit taxpayers, the press
and others to have access to the sego-
- tlelions. But there Is also the prugmatic
aspect to It."
Helsby told of one collective bar-
gaining session In Florida. where over
000 people turned out for a negotiating
session In a high school. "When anyone
on the negotiating team for the teach-
ers said anything, people would cheer,
or boo, and the same was true when
board members spoke. It was an abso-
lute fiasco."
when prodded aMIUI the plblle's
right In know about what Is happensna
In negutloiians, ftetsby rephrd,
"Let's turn the question around. Lrt
Ulf may that the negotiations brtwrrn I.
real Prime Minister Menahem 0eyin
and Egyptian P"aldent Anwar tiadat
ought to he public I doubt that the
talks would gel very far.
"In bart alninq, you hove a quid I.r,.
quo, or something for something. In
other words, you give me something
and I'll give you something. It Is a trade
off, and the strategy for that calls for
neither party knowing quite how much
the other party will give."
Premature release of informatiun
can be very harmful, lie said.
flabby, who now represents the Car.
negle Institution, discussed "Iowa's law
In perspective" at the fact-finding and
arbitration conference, which was co-
sponsored by Iowa's Public Employ.
ment Relations Board and the Industri-
al Relations Institute of the University
of Iowa.
Thirty-eight sates have some kind of
a collective bargaining law for public
employees.
Iowa's law, according to flelsby, Is
unique.
"Twenty-three states have binding
arbitration for some employees, mainly
for police and firemen. But I don't know
of any 1u
4141.1 11,11 b+, 11'e ... tit 411,1114
tion Iowa h4a. It is w1,11 1 .111 a..„141#4
tut atter arhirretl"r, ahr.r ar. erblyd
lion panel has a rbul• a „t ,,•11 the Iasi
best Offer bul lh,.•e — it, , upb.y000
Is%1 offer, the rmpl, y.•r'a 14,1 after at
the far hndar's ter uoun o ad., L1 a it •"
Ilelsby thinks low.,'% eV%V m N work•
ing well, other •0041 Ih+-n,yhout The
s,w.U', .re ,. i.,.• I, bLlu.. u,a'Yhe I"wa
eapertment.”
µ2
"Nature and Animal Films"
u
For Children and Adults
Of All Ages
Iowa City Public Library
SUNDAYS 1:30 p.m+
Jan. 8 - March 19,1978
STORY HOUR ROOM
WINTER SUNDAY FILM SERIES
IOWA CITY PUBLIC LIBRARY - CHILDREN'S ROOM
January 8, 1978
CAT IN THE HAT. BEAVER DAM. MADELINE'S RESCUE.
A film and song version of the I'll, 5euoa reader;
what happens vher, beavers flood a farmer's hayfield;
and the twelve little girZa in two straight Zinea--
plus Genevieve the dog. (Time: 45 minutes)
January 15
MILLIONS OF CATS. ELSA AND HER CUBS. ROSIE'S WALK.
A very- old man in his search for a cat; the Adamson
documentary about their friendship with the Zioress
Elsa, and Rosie the hen as she walks around the barn -
`s • yard.' (Time: 45 minutes)
January,22,
BEAR COUNTRY,. FREDERICK. WHERE THE WILD THINGS ARE.
Disney's..fiZm of the American black bear, the mouse
who coZZects colors and words; and 11as who is the
sw moit;uriZd thing of all. (Time:. 45 minutes)
i � .Januaryr29 .' ,
NORMAN THE DORMAN. CAPS FOR SALE. PADDLE TO THE SEA.
"r' An:grtist mouse; a peddler who outwits rascal monkeys;
and the odyssey of a cawed wooden Indian in his
S` canoe'"on his Lxy'to the sea. (Time: 47 minutes)
' February. 5
` yYELLOWSTONE.CUBS. FOX WENT OUT. ON A CHILLY NIGHT.
+l,r The often hilariousadventures of two free -wheeling
• ,, cubs; and the Peter Spier illustration of an old
` ;;.foZksong--with tine for sirgaZorg. (Time: 53 minutes)
X` •.. • February;: 12 _
MAN, MONSTERS AND MYSTERIES. BEN AND ME. JAZZ00.
the,:searor for the Loch Ness monster; Amos
the mouse who lived with Benjamin. Franklin; and a
d0on to dusk, look at the St. Lou -'s zoo.
(Timer 53 mir..ctes)
`f February 19
' VELVETEEN RABBIT. BREMENT04lN MUSICIANS. ELEPHANTS.
The tale in ii7e r%:otograpky or' the sm4ffed rabbit
and the boy w:c lcves it; an ani ated pimpet story
of the Grimn's tale, arui eleplumte film»,: with
beginning words and a lively song. (Time: Sd minutes)
February 26
BEAVER VALLEY. FOOLISH FROG. CURIOUS GEORGE RIDES
A BIKE.
A Disney natural history of wilderness seasons; Pete
Seeger doting all the voices in hie banjo -picking song
about a farmer and a proud frog; and Curious George
with his new bicycle. (Time: 50 minutes)
March 5
BROWN WOLF. PONIES. PETUNIA.
A Jack London story about a dog of the North and the
people whose lives he touches; a no -narrative film
about ponies; and the silly goose who thought that
just owning a book made her viae. (Time: 5Z minutes),
March 12
NATURE'S HALF ACRE. MY FRIEND THE ROBIN. DRAGON STE1L
A Disney film with many insects and time-lapse
photography of growing plants; a bird that means
Springtime; and a clever fantasy about the cook who -
never cooks --but has premised dragon stew to a
food-Zoving king. (Time: 56 minutes)
March 19
RABBIT HILL.
The NBC Children's Theater production, narrated by
Burl Ives, and Lased on the prize-winning book by
Robert Lawson. Filmed in Lawson country.
(Time: 53 minutes)
i+
IC _
PL
SOCCER MOVIES
Where:
IOWA
CITY PUBLIC
LIBRARY AUDITORIUM
When:
2:00
- 4100 P.m,,
WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 28, 19177
For Wh o m i ALL AREA YOUTH BETWEEN THE AGES OF H AND 14,
Sponsors: THE EVENT WILL BE CO-SPONSORED BY THE IOWA
CITY PUBLIC LIBRARY AND THE IOWA CITY KICKERS
SOCCER CLUB,
The Event: OPENING THE AFTERNOONS ACTIVITIES WILL BE A
MOVIE ON SOCCER SKILLS AND RULES, AFTER THE
FILM. COACHES OF THE IOWA CITY KICKERS WILL
DISCUSS THE MOVIE AND ANSWER ANY QUESTIONS
MEMBERS OF THE GROUP MAY HAVE, YOUTH ATTEND-
ING WILL ALSO HAVE THE OPPORTUNITY TO VIEW
A FILM OF A PROFESSIONAL SOCCER GAME,
IC
IOWA CITY PUBLIC LIBRARY ) T 307 EAST COLLEGE STREET
I l�
Profit
MPL
IOWA CITY PUBLIC LIBRARY U. S.Posu p307 East College Streetu.SPosh`e Iowa City, Iowa 52240 PAID
IOWA CITY, IOWA
Pumd No. 113
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RaI%lon t,reA no,'ve 444 a1 to rlAtt uu,.
8:45 -
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9:15 -
9:45 p.m. -
Camp Cardlnel.
Q•45 -
1Q;15 p.m
_ r_.,1,P, rnn4lnQs,
10:15
- 10:20 p.m.
- Family an-. r,.-rec activities report - lee, Showalter.
10:20
- 10:25 p.m.
- Chalrpelson's report.
10:25
- 10:30 p.m.
- Director's report.
10:30
p.m. - Adjournment.
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•City of Iowa cite
m ANW�W o®wakQmqh v p Iw■ 0 O AM
IVI=carovrrcAwevLOP vIVI
DATE: December 19, 1977
TO: City Council and Airport Commission
FROM: Bob Bowlin, Asst. City Attorney
RE: n md-Raising Powers of the Airport Commission
I have been asked to briefly outline the fund-raising powers of
the Iowa riby ny_r rr ('L?!nlssion under State and local taw. sr'_cifi-
cally, I have been asked to outline the conditions under which the Air-
port Commission could sell revenue bonds and general obligation bonds,
and the conditions under which a tax levy for the Airport could be made.
1. The Airport Commission nay issue revenue bonds under the
authority of 330.14, but such issue would likely require the approval
of the City Council.
2. The Airport may issue general obligation bonds under the
authority of 330.16, but such issue requires the approval of the City
Council.
3. The City Council may issue general obligation bonds under the
authority of 384.24 (3) (n) .
4. The City Council controls the amount of taxes to be levied for
airport purposes.
5. All such taxes would•be subject to the general fund taxing limi-
tations of 384.1 and the recent 7% lid on general fund revenues.
6. The City Council has no authority to levy an additional tax
for airport purposes under 384.12(14), as that section refers only to
airport authorities created under Chapter 330A whereas the Iowa City
Airport Commission operates under Chapter 330.
DISCUSSION
1. Revenue Bonds. The issuance of revenue bonds by an Airport
Con:ussion is discussed in Chapter 330.14, 1977 Code of Iowa. Although
there is no case law dealing with this section of Chapter 330, there is
one Iowa Attorney General's Opinion dated June 30, 1972. It is unclear
whether the Airport Commission alone may issue these revenue bonds, or
whether there must be some concurrence by the City Council. There is a
sentence in the section which states as follows: "All details pertaining
to the issuance of such bonds and the terms and conditions thereof shall
y3o3
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W detenntntd by Ordinance or resolution duly adonfed by the gove.rninq
body of su,eh political subdivision 11us leads me to bolieve that
i:3��n-i 1 �.vrw:iirrai�.a :w:ud u? ;wE':.iL' fvr ii �cac •� vvfuf'.wi."�.w'.
2. General Obligation Ilonds. General obligation bonds for airport
purposes may be issued under Chapter 330.16 by the Airport Cannission. 11cw-
ever, the Attorney General of Iowa has ruled that the issuance of such bonds-
would
ondswould require the concurrence of the City Council. See O.A.G., July 26, 1968.
The Attorney General reasoned that .if the Airport Commission could draw upon
the entire 59 debt capacity limit of the City, the Airport Commission could
in effect leave the City with no bonding capac.i. ty. with which to finance other
generally needed municipal projects. Therefore, the Attorney General tarns to
the reasonable conclusion that such an issuance of G.O. bonds by the Airport
Commission would be subject to Council approval.
The Council also has authority under the provisions of Chapter 384.24
(3)(n) to issue general obligation bonds for airport purposes. The procedure
for the issuance of such bonds would be controlled by Chapter 384.25, 1977
Cade of Iowa.
Taxes. Chapter 330.21, 1977 Code of Iowa, reads in part as follows:
The Commission shall annually certify the amount of tax
within the limitations of this chapter to be levied
for airport purposes, and upon such certification the
governing body may include all or a portion of said
amount in its budget.
Thus, we can see that the Airport Commission has no independent power to dic-
tate any particular tax levy for airport purposes. It should be noted that
the language found in Chapter 3.22.2 of the Municipal Ordinances of Iowa City
would seem to indicate otherwise. That language follows the language that
formerly appeared in the State Code up to July 1, 1975, and reads as follows:
Said Airport Camnission shall annually certify the
amount of taxes within the limitations of the statutes
of the State of Iowa, to be levied for airport purposes,
and upon such certification the City Council shall include
said amount to its budget.
This language would appear to say that the Airport Commission would have
complete control over how much tax would be levied. However, the Attorney
General in his opinion of July 26, 1968, has held that that language cannot
be read to give the Airport Cc mission complete authority over the amount to
be levied. The Attorney General held that the ultimate determination of the
amount of levy to be made for the ordinary operation and maintenance expenses
of an airport is lodged in the discretion of the City Council. Thus, I
believe that the language which we presently have in the State Code merely
states in plain English the rule that has always held sway in Iowa.
It would appear to me that taxes levied by the Council for airport pur-
poses would have to go into the general fund and would be subject to the
general fund levy limitation of Chapter 384.1, 1977 Code of Iowa. In addition,
the 78 limitation on the general fund assessment recently imposed by the Iowa
Legislature would also apply.
• -3 0
1 have been asked whether the City would have the power to levy addi-
tionil taxes not subject to the limitation in 364.1 under the authority of
section 384.12(14). That subsection authorizies the following tax:
14. A tax not to exceed twenty-seven cents per
thousand dollars of assessed value each year for
an aviation authority as provided in section 330A.15.
This section is not applicable to the City of Iowa City because our airport
functions under Chapter 330, and not Chapter 330A. Chapter 330A deals with
airport authorities. Airport authorities are separate corporate bodies and
are created by two or !rare municipalities under the express tenns of
Chapter 330A.
I have not discussed the possibility that the Airport Commission could
charge user fees for the airport. If there is interest in this topic, I
would be pleased to furnish a subsequent nowrandum. Thank you.
—310 / 13—
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CERTIFICATE OF PUS W CATION
C': ATE OF IOWA, JeLeaon County, an h
THE IOWA CITY PRESSCMZEN
Vicky J. Curtis, being duly sworn ray that I
am the ashler of the IOWA CITY PRESS.
CITIZEN, a newspaper, published in said
County, and that a notice, a printed copy of
which Is hereto attached, was published In said
paper _( _ limes, on the [allowing
dates:
,r /977
Cas,li//er
Subscribed and swom to before me this 1 L
day of A.D.19-11—
Lary Public
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