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HomeMy WebLinkAbout09-10-2015 Historic Preservation CommissionIowa City Historic preservation Comission F II till r c � Thursday 4, September 10, 201.E 5:30 p.m. ' C I-? ' c✓ C 11111 Emma Harvat Hall City Hall IOWA CITY HISTORIC PRESERVATION COMMISSION Thursday, September 10, 2015 City Hall, 410 E. Washington Street Emma J. Harvat Hall 5:30 p.m. A) Call to Order B) Roll Call C) Public discussion of anything not on the agenda D) Consent Agenda: Certificate of Appropriateness 825 Roosevelt Street — Clack Street Conservation District (basement egress window and window well alteration) E) Certificate of Appropriateness 435 Grant Street — Longfellow Historic District (brick door arch replacement with new wood arch trim) F) National Register Nomination- Union Bakery G) Report on Sabin School/Southside Survey H) Report on Certificates issued by Chair and Staff Certificate of No Material Effect — Chair and Staff review 1. 409 S. Summit Street - Summit Street Historic District (porch step replacement) 2. 435 Grant Street —Longfellow Historic District (brick repair at chimneys and old AC opening) 3. 830 College Street —College Green Historic District (front brick step rebuilt with matching brick) Minor Review — preapproved item — Staff review 1. 815 Ronalds Street— Brown Street Historic District (repair of 2nd story front window and replacement of 2nd story rear window for egress) 2. 603 Grant Street — Longfellow Historic District (porch step rebuilt with appropriate wood balustrade and handrail) I) Discussion of Historic Preservation Plan priorities and annual work program ]) Consideration of Minutes for August 13, 2015 K) Commission Information and Discussion Mount Pleasant Historic Preservation Seminar L) Adjournment Staff Report September 1, 2015 Historic Review for 825 Roosevelt Street District: Clark Street Conservation District Classification: Non -Contributing The applicant, Viktor Tichy, is requesting approval for a proposed alteration project at 825 Roosevelt Street, a non-contributing property in the Clark Street Conservation District. The project consists of replacing a rear basement window with an egress window and building a larger window well to meet code requirements. Annlicable Regulations and Guidelines: 4.0 Iowa City Historic Preservation Guidelines forAltemtions 4.5 Foundations 4.13 Windows Staff Comments This house built in 1951 and is non-contributing but has some characteristics of the small cottages in the area. Roosevelt Street developed over a number of decades, so while there is no clear sense of time and place —as is common for historic districts the homes boast a wide variety of character. 825 Roosevelt includes a single car garage to the rear of the property, with a concrete foundation and asphalt shingles completing this nontraditionally shaped home. The applicant is proposing to remove the recently installed, non historic 36 inch by 36 inch metal -framed sliding window on the rear of the house and replace it with a 36 inch by 48 inch casement window to provide egress access. The existing metal window well will be replaced with a new concrete block window well meeting dimensional code requirements. The concrete block will match the existing foundation. The guidelines recommend using materials to match the existing foundation material when installing new window wells. Bedroom windows that are replaced for egress reasons should match the size, trim, use of divided lights and overall appearance of the previous windows or other windows in the house. The guidelines include an exception for the consideration of new vinyl or vinyl -clad basement windows in Conservation Districts. Changes to window size maybe allowed for egress requirements. In Staffs opinion, changing this window and window well to meet egress requirements will not adversely impact the historic character of this house. While the house is non -conforming, it does have the appearance of a small cottage with main floor original double -hung windows and clean simple detailing. All of the basement windows, except the proposed replacement window, are wood frame awning -type with three vertical panes. The proposed replacement window opening had already been enlarged for a replacement slider in the past. Installing a new egress window will allow a return to a more appropriate window type. It is appropriate to replace the metal window well with concrete block to match the existing foundation. The applicant is locating product information and availability for a metal -clad window. It TShSf f AJV. .„ Move to approve a Certificate of Appropriateness for the project at Address as presented in the staff report with the following conditions: Metal -clad window product information will be submitted for staff approval Application for Historic Review Application for alterations to the historic landmarks or properties located in a historic district or conservation district pursuant to Iowa City Code Section 144C. Guidelines for the Historic Review process, explanation of the process and regulations can be found in the Iowa City Historic Preservation Handbook, which is available in the Neighborhood and Development Services office at City Hall or online at: www.icgov.org/HPhandbook For Staff Use: 7 _ Date submitted: ❑ Certificate of No material Effect ❑ Certificate of Appropriateness ❑ Major review ❑ Intermediate review ❑ Minor review The HPC does not review applications for compliance with building and zoning codes. Work must comply with all appropriate codes and be reviewed by the building division prior to the issuance of a building permit. Meeting Schedule: The HPC meets the second Thursday of each month. Applications are due in the office of Neighborhood and Development Services by noon on Wednesday three weeks prior to the meeting. See attached document for application deadlines and meeting dates. Property Owner/Applicant Information / (Please check primary contact person) IJ Property Owner Name:�TdhY Email: kV 1 a.4 /N D/4 PC" G 411ML-. CONJ Phone Number: (31 j) Address:®% tlor�Or�Or` 17�1d.` City: C State: Ap"O- Zip Code: %221� ❑ Contractor / Consultant Name: free A30✓may Email: Phone Number: ( ) Address: City: State: Zip Code: Proposed Project Information Address: J7ZS— Use of Property: P14ZLL/^4.e lZ Date Constructed (if known): `1f7 (?� Historic Designation (Maps are located in the Historic Preservation Handbook) ❑ This Property is a local historic landmark. OR ❑ This Property is within a historic or conservation district (choose location): ElBrown Street Historic District 2oo Clark Street Conservation District ❑ College Green Historic District ❑ College Hill Conservation District ❑ East College Street Historic District ❑ Dearborn Street Conservation District ❑ Longfellow Historic District ❑ Goosetown / Horace Mann Conservation District ❑ Northside Historic District ❑ Govemor-Lucas Street Conservation District ❑ Summit Street Historic District ❑ Woodlawn Historic District Within the district, this Property is classified as: Nor 4o4L', AAv.d&✓ w t, R'F Z r—,,vil /n/r'o . ❑ Contributing {nn{ Noncontributing ❑ Nonhistoric iL� 2 Application Requirements Choose appropriate project type. In order to ensure application can be processed, please include all listed materials. Applications without necessary materials may be rejected. ❑ Addition (Typically projects entailing an addition to the building footprint such as a room, porch, deck, etc.) ❑ Building Elevations ❑ Floor Plans ❑ Photographs ❑ Product Information ❑ Site Plans Alteration (Typically projects entailing work such as siding and window replacement, skylights, window opening alterations, deck or porch replacement/construction, baluster repair, or similar. If the project is a minor alteration, photographs and drawings to describe the scope of the project are sufficient.) ❑ Building Elevations V Photographs ❑ Product Information ❑ Construction of new building � 0-VV i3? .TP J6c-33ICA- 4,24 d r& I-) ❑ Building Elevations ❑ Floor Plans ❑ Photographs ❑ Product Information ❑ Site Plans ❑ Demolition (Projects entailing the demolition of a primary structure or outbuilding, or any portion of a building, such as porch, chimney, decorative trim, baluster, etc.) ❑ Photographs ❑ Proposal of Future Plans ❑ Repair or restoration of an existing structure that will not change its appearance. ❑ Photographs ❑ Product Information ❑ Other: Please contact the Preservation Planner at 356-5243 for materials which need to be included with application. Proposed Project Details Project Description: 40Ca7H 77>/�D 3 p�OiN /A1 ?Ire bA�C rC /�!—(F/ar tH� t1l o/L A- &A e .f/+41 " fl�ytn/cy H®u,(g' on/ FWJC✓'C`Z'r �LL.f121L 1`r. CoNli nya>/u,..+O/J rpie.r�> f/dkJ�' Wfrs fyr�;r o r/ 'fQ Ifr7. /NJe e-m- 6U6 /N✓H eA-n-6 / -Ves-, 7P fi4r r624;S ;;We 7z7✓lwi--g2 / tm-a 10 iac4fr A- ge'DP-U0M -7�/p&' , / lvfrr2Le�0 ,A- �NpV-1RTP/i h�Toe7/ rn�`RE PAp6 i"iw -nv3 / W-LvJ k Pe),,2n1 . i trM inLO '7&C /70¢SL /d /A/ eoVS'CA— tvste/er. AyO j / w1wr 'rp oeeYmee 7He /UON-evQy2M/n)/r- 4✓ AaO�✓ / /N.iriP2�1,7 iJl fh 9)IG D,AI /r AJII-L tV1A',0aW / TWAL ©hT A?`i> O."r /-1)c4Nr/ f.4'(— OLp _C4-fH 4e bi`&:— Materials to be Used: N">'l 7V PZ0111D1" C A)aA";� f% �� 1*0L / 7 rs� %�� 77'1'!�- Ate-e�;& A-tet Dtrra/ol 7&d /CazSis / 1/Ir R16,deD -f22 L 6✓/NO(7A1) /+1)L LL firy l W/t)l /[.L /V ,LI (L/Ke -Afe ✓/i ,woe pe?M .-AJ'j3 .ate a- . Exterior Appearance Changes: `� F� �i / y / IWI A#,CAll e'J70e � 4V"GIB C/VN�he f�NL / 1'C LO &-) L(Fe-' e . %�1� /I=�O✓L` L7Q/17�� etcev 1*014LP L) i/G2>` 6'kI 7V 7)V& & ry4L, / 77!e` "iAllD&{/ . 7r/15 ?/9Erle'oit/Y/L Lt/ivDow aet S 6p- yA�2D, A.J 7 Sr/2.�2"i �� )vL7tryr v�o2,�'. �e �2ad'OJCy eh�� /a/Lt_ Ea'Sn.•TI!t�LY p�=v�7� 7?1 i %bras C 7V hispres/app_for _historicreview.doc j ��/ LAN " 6/4/14 r • 1M R R_ w � ram. + :� - - � __ •i c• Ar _ 1i 8 �r 1 '-.��s.�a..-. .�-� '- - ,- .pie°`• _.,'i."".'."._ Rear View of 825 Roosevelt Street window to be replaced existing basement windows VA11ZTmpt-l-letw , -5tAi r34;,v -0 7?, 4rNWlINi>1PAeom Lo"v1r OXI yr. W c>Ow WI 41d - A441 9'L0 IOWA G1 o TA- EXIGj`r, VjIhiD4wJ �1<L- (,VYP,,) - rLIP1N�i--+�ulNpow.? trXl�T, 'Se"x1W ZA e e MrtjIr 01NjDovJ , d-O" OLt. H IQ Hr" Cat P� V > � cAscs C-x►zjl-lw4 4�r� I �xlsi', 41rzr��. � i t�-x153tr�4 dvt� 2 PoYre, (� UCH IEW r �C1�'C I% LAf�►aD�`f� 4'oMe\Ca1! — J t2K( hti I�KV1 T Zifo FT - 4,SpV M "!- ?%.AtJ 1 w B I-P a. Staff Report September 1, 2015 Historic Review for 435 Grant Street District: Longfellow Historic District Classification: Contributing The applicant, Kim Hamahan, is requesting approval for a proposed alteration project at 435 Grant Street, a Contributing property in the Longfellow Historic District. The project consists of removal of the inner brick arch surround on the front door and its replacement with a wood trim surround. Annlicable Regulations and Guidelines: 4.0 Iowa City Historic Preservation Guidelines forAltemtions 4.3 Doors 4.8 Masonry 4.14 Wood 7.0 Guidelines for Demolition 7.1 Demolition of Whole Structures or Significant Features Staff Comments Built in 1930, this is an early twentieth century revival era home. The gable roof demonstrates Cape Cod cottage stylistic attributes, with a steeply pitched roof and massive end chimney. The one story brick veneered home is side gable orientated, with an enclosed sun porch showcasing Craftsman detailing. Three gable dormers appear on the front fagade. The symmetrical three bay fagade with round arched entrance creates a formal air; all of these characteristics make 435 Grant a contributing property within the Longfellow Historic District. The applicant is proposing to remove the inner brick arch on the front door and replace it with a hand - detailed wood surround that would be detailed and painted to match the existing door trim and other wood details on the home. The guidelines recommend against removing any historic architectural feature, such as a dormers, brackets, or decorative trim that is significant to the architectural character and style of the building. Original shapes and sizes of historic doors should be retained. When masonry is deteriorated it should be repaired after the cause of the deterioration is determined and alleviated. Wood components should duplicate and replicate historic components. In Staffs opinion, the inner brick arch on the front door of the house appears to be original because the brick and jointing technique for installation appears to match the rest of the house. The inner arch is deteriorating by pulling away from the outer arch so that the mortar is breaking and cracking and light and air penetrates at multiple locations. Attempts have been made in the past to caulk and repoint the joint between the inner and outer arches. In Staffs opinion, the inner arch and its connection to the house have deteriorated to the point where removal is warranted. A mason has been consulted and has not been able to develop an acceptable method for re installing the arch so that it would not pull away in the future. The applicant's proposal is to remove only the inner arch, retaining the more extensive and architecturally significant outer arch and have a professional carpenter hand -craft a wood door surround to fit between the outer arch and the door so that the door size and shape and the shutter location will remain the same. The carpenter will cut the arch to match the trim profiles in the door, even attempting to match the slight shadow cut on the adjacent trim. The new surround will consist of structural blocking and laminated plywood trim painted to match the existing trim. Joints between brick and wood will be caulked. The fact that the home already has significant wood detailing allows for the consideration of changing this detail from brick to wood. The applicant will have a professional mason remove the brick and save it to repair the historic front step. In staffs opinion this proposal will not have a major impact on the historic character of the home and will allow the door to retain its shape and size while preventing future deterioration of the door surround so that the more significant outer arch will remain. See image on last page of staff report for Photoshop mockup of the new door surround from the exterior. Recommended Motion Move to approve a Certificate of Appropriateness for the project at Address as presented in the application and stated in the staff report. 1�- Ajn✓ Application for Historic Review Application for alterations to the historic landmarks or properties located in a historic district or conservation district pursuant to Iowa City Code Section 144C. Guidelines for the Historic Review process, explanation of the process and regulations can be found in the Iowa City Historic Preservation Handbook, which is available in the Neighborhood and Development Services office at City Hall or online at: www.icgov.org/HPhandbook For Staff Use: Date submitted: 7 / e-/ j-CJl ❑ Certificate of No material Effect ❑ Certificate of Appropriateness ❑ Majorreview ❑ Intermediate review ❑ Minor review The HPC does not review applications for compliance with building and zoning codes. Work must comply with all appropriate codes and be reviewed by the building division prior to the issuance of a building permit. Meeting Schedule: The HPC meets the second Thursday of each month, Applications are due in the office of Neighborhood and Development Services by noon on Wednesday three weeks prior to the meeting. See attached document for application deadlines and meeting dates. Property Owner/Applicant Information t� ' 1 (Please fiche"ck'primar) contact person) Property Owner Name: F I N- Email: Phone Number: 0 Jq 3 71 Address: 4 3 5 &Y- A t .51 City: `o W6, State: Zip Code: SZ Z. YContractor / Consultant Name: Rai, S► 411 ./ J 1 wn w'&"n Q Y Email: Address: Phone Number: ( ) City: JoLdik State: tot . Zip Code: Proposed Project Information Address: " p Use of Property: 1re� dt�,.��t�T Date Constructed (if known): Historic Designation (Maps arc locatcd in the I listoric Preservation Ilandbook) ❑ This Property is a local historic landmark. OR This Property is within a historic or conservation district (choose location): ❑ Brown Street Historic District ❑ Clark Street Conservation District ❑ College Green Historic District ❑ College Hill Conservation District ❑ East College Street Historic District ❑ Dearborn Street Conservation District ALongfellow Historic District ❑ Goosetown / Horace Mann Conservation District ❑ Northside Historic District ❑ Govemor-Lucas Street Conservation District ❑ Summit Street Historic District ❑ Woodlawn Historic District Within /the district, this Property is classified as: tit. Contributing ❑ Noncontributing 13 Nonhistoric Application Requirements Choose appropriate project type. In order to ensure application can be processed, please include all listed materials. Applications without necessary materials may be rejected. ❑ Addition (Typically projects entailing an addition to the building footprint such as a room, porch, deck, etc.) ❑ Building Elevations ❑ Floor Plans ❑ Photographs ❑ Product Information ❑ Site Plans i Alteration (Typically projects entailing work such as siding and window replacement, skylights, window opening alterations, deck or porch replacement/construction, baluster repair, or similar. If the project is a minor alteration, photographs and drawings to describe the scope of the project are sufficient.) ❑ Building Elevations ❑ Photographs ❑ Product Information ❑ Construction of new building ❑ Building Elevations ❑ Floor Plans ❑ Photographs ❑ Product Information ❑ Site Plans ❑ Demolition (Projects entailing the demolition of a primary structure or outbuilding, or any portion of building, such as porch, chimney, decorative trim, baluster, etc.) ❑ Photographs ❑ Proposal of Future Plans ❑ Repair or restoration of an existing structure that will not change its appearance. ❑ Photographs ❑ Product Information ❑ Other: Please contact the Preservation Planner at 356-5243 for materials which need to be included with application. Proposed Project Details Project Description: ra Materials to be Used: Exterior Appearance Changes: hispres/app for_historicreview.doo 6;4 Id .r � ���'" detail to be copied 0 jamb detail- inner arch to be replaced with wood replacement area photoshop mockup of new exterior NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES REGISTRATION FORM This form is for use in nominating or requesting determinations for individual properties and districts. See instructions in How to Complete the National Register of Historic Places Registration Form (National Register Bulletin 16A). Complete each item by marking 'Y' in the appropriate box or by entering the information requested. If any item does not apply to the property being documented, enter "N/A" for "not applicable." For functions, architectural classification, materials, and areas of significance, enter only categories and subcategories from the instructions. Place additional entries and narrative items on continuation sheets (NPS Form 10-900a). Use a typewriter, word processor, or computer, to complete all items. 1. Name of Property historic name Union Bakery other names/site number Bashnagel, Alois, Bakery: Central Cafe & Hotel 2. Location street & number 203 N. Linn not for publication N/A city or town Iowa City vicinity N/A state Iowa code IA county Johnson code 103 zip code 52245 3. State/Federal Agency Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1986, as amended, I hereby certify that this X nomination request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60. In my opinion, the property X meets does not meet the National Register Criteria. I recommend that this property be considered significant _ nationally_ statewide X locally. (_See continuation sheet for additional comments.) Signature of certifying official Date State Historical Society of Iowa State or Federal agency and bureau In my opinion, the property_ meets does not meet the National Register criteria. ( See continuation sheet for additional comments.) Signature of commenting or other official Date State or Federal agency and bureau 4. National Park Service Certification hereby certify that this property is: entered in the National Register See continuation sheet. _ determined eligible for the National Register See continuation sheet. _ determined not eligible for the National Register removed from the National Register other (explain): Signature of Keeper Date of Action Union Bakery Name of Property Johnson County, Iowa County and State 5. Classification Ownership of Property (Check as many boxes as apply) X private public -local public -State public -Federal Category of Property (Check only one box) X building(s) district site structure object Name of related multiple property listing (Enter "N/A" if property is not part of a multiple property listing.) Number of Resources within Property Contributing Noncontributing 1 buildings sites structures objects 1 0 Total Number of contributing resources previously listed in the National Register IIIIIIIAIIIIIIIII 6. Function or use Historic Functions Current Functions (Enter categories from instructions) (Enter categories from instructions) COMMERCE/TRADE specialty store COMMERCE/TRADE restaurant COMMERCE/TRADE restaurant DOMESTIC/ multiple dwelling DOMESTIC/ hotel DOMESTIC/ multiple dwelling 7. Description Architectural Classification (Enter categories from instructions) MID-19T CENTURY/Greek Revival Materials (Enter categories from instructions foundation STONE roof METAL OTHER walls BRICK STONE other Narrative Description (Describe the historic and current condition of the property on one or more continuation sheets.) Union Bakery Name of Property Johnson County, Iowa County and State 8. Statement of Significance Applicable National Register Criteria Areas of Significance (Mark "x' in one or more boxes for the criteria qualifying the property (Enter categories from instructions) for National Register listing) X A Property is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history. B Property is associated with the lives of persons significant in our past. X C Property embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction or represents the work of a master, or possesses high artistic values, or represents a significant and distinguishable entity whose components lack individual distinction. D Property has yielded, or is likely to yield information important in prehistory or history. Criteria Considerations (Mark "X' in all the boxes that apply.) Property is: A owned by a religious institution or used for religious purposes. B removed from its original location. C a birthplace or a grave. D a cemetery. E a reconstructed building, object, or structure F a commemorative property. COMMERCE ARCHITECTURE Period of Significance 1862-1965 Significant Dates Significant Person (Complete if Criterion B is marked above) Cultural Affiliation G less than 50 years of age or achieved significance within the past 50 years. Architect/Builder Unknown Narrative Statement of Significance (Explain the significance of the property on one or more continuation sheets.) 9. Major Bibliographical References Bibliography (Cite the books, articles, and other sources used in preparing this form on one or more continuation sheets.) Previous documentation on file (NPS) preliminary determination of individual listing (36 CFR 67) has been requested. previously listed in the National Register previously determined eligible by the National Register designated a National Historic Landmark recorded by Historic American Buildings Survey # recorded by Historic American Engineering Record # Primary Location of Additional Data X State Historic Preservation Office _ Other State agency _ Federal agency Local government _ University X Other Name of repository: City of Iowa City. Planning Acreage of Property less than one acre UTM References (Place additional UTM references on a continuation sheet) Zone Easting Northing Zone Easting Northing 1 15 622238 4613493 3 2 4 See continuation sheet. Verbal Boundary Description (Describe the boundaries of the property on a continuation sheet.) Boundary Justification (Explain why the boundaries were selected on a continuation sheet.) 11.Form Prepared By name/title Jan Olive Full, Historian 0ofofic(cDgmail.com organization Tallgrass Historians LC date June 2015 street & number 2460 S. Riverside Drive telephone 319-354-6722 city or town Iowa Citv state IA zip code 52246 Additional Documentation Continuation Sheets Maps A USGS map (7.5 or 15 minute series) indicating the property's location. A sketch map for historic districts and properties having large acreage or numerous resources. Photographs Representative black and white photographs of the property. Additional Items (Check with the SHPO or FPO for any additional items) (Complete this item at the request of the SHPO or FPO.) name HCB PROPERTIES LC street & number 711 S. Gilbert telephone 319-354-2233 city or town Iowa City state IA zip code 52220 Paperwork Reduction Act Statement: This information is being collected for applications to the National Register of Historic Places to nominate properties for listing or determine eligibilityfor listing, to list properties, and to amend existing listings. Response to this request is required to obtain a benefit in accordance with the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended (16 U.S.C. 470 at sec.). Estimated Burden Statement: Public reporting burden for this form is estimated to average 18.1 hours per response including the time for reviewing instructions, gathering and maintaining data, and completing and reviewing the form. Direct comments regarding this burden estimate or any aspect of this form to the Chief, Administrative Services Division, National Park Service, P.O. Box 37127, Washington, DC 20013-7127; and the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reductions Project (1024-0018), Washington, DC 20503. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) .�i.rnrsnrzQm>r[a United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section 1, 7 Page 1 Union Bakery name of property Johnson County. Iowa county and state 1. Name of Property Other names/site number: During his lifetime, Alois Baschnagel's first name also was spelled Aloys in some records; his surname also was spelled Bashnagle. Additionally, after his death, his name has been spelled Aloysius Baschnagel. 7. Description Summary Paragraph Constructed in c.1862, and significantly expanded in 1893, the Union Bakery building is located two blocks north of the heart of downtown Iowa City, the historic nineteenth-century capital of the Iowa Territory and, later, of the State of Iowa.' Iowa City is centrally located in the rolling hills of Johnson County, about 70 miles west of the Mississippi River. Des Moines, where the state capital was moved in 1857, is another 125 miles farther west toward the center of the state. The Iowa River is a major tributary of the Mississippi in the upper Midwest, and runs through Iowa City from north to south, taking a few wide curves around limestone bluffs north of town before being relatively straightened out by bluffs for its course through the city. Both the city and county have growing populations, bucking the trend of two-thirds of Iowa's counties, which are shrinking. Iowa City, with 67,862 permanent residents in 2010, is surrounded by fast-growing smaller towns and rural farms that bring the total county population to over 130,000.2 The Union Bakery sits on the northwest corner of North Linn and East Market Streets, in an area often referred to as the Northside commercial neighborhood. At three stories, it is the largest edifice in a block of attached brick storefronts along North Linn Street, some of which are historic also.' The opposite side of this block also consists of attached commercial buildings that range in dates from the late 19" century to the 1950s. The majority of businesses on both sides of this Linn street block are cafes and restaurants at the sidewalk level and apartments on the second floor, likely occupied by university students.° There is also a small branch bank and a hairdresser's salon. Diagonally through the intersection from Union Bakery, at the southeast corner, is a large modern condominium -residence building with a restaurant at street level. This brick -veneered building replaced a modern convenience store in 2006. Across East Market due south of Union Bakery is the last remaining historic brewery in this neighborhood once dominated by the brewery industry and its associated property types. Union Brewery, now called Brewery Square, was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1986 and was rehabilitated soon after. It remains intact and in excellent condition. The three tall stories of Union Bakery visually approach the size and scale of the brewery building and together these two large historic buildings reflect the mid- 19th century zone of mixed -used properties lying between the city's historic downtown commercial district and the solidly residential blocks to the north of Union Bakery. The earliest portion of Union Bakery is approximately 25' by 43'and occupies the very northwest corner of the intersection. Mostly likely constructed in 1862, the year after Leo Muchenberger acquired the land, this building was significantly expanded in the fall of 18935 by George Hummer who added a another long northside bay of equal width and depth as the original building, and then wrapped his new construction around the alley (west) end of the original building to fill the rest of the lot he owned. This project expanded the footprint of the building from 1,072 to 4,000 square feet. Hummer matched the architecture of the original building, in style (vernacular Greek Revival) and ' The capitol (1840-1846), a National Historic Landmark, is found at the west edge of Iowa City's downtown shopping district. See generally James Jacobs, "Capitols as National Historic Landmarks" (2009), available at http://www.nps.gov/nM/learn/specialstudies/Capitols.pdf. 2 Population statistics are from http://www.iowadatacenter.org/datatables/PlacesAll/plpopulation; accessed on 5/12/2015. The transient student population of the University of Iowa adds over thirty thousand more temporary residents. ' There are two new buildings in the center of the west side of this Linn Street block that replaced much older gable -front frame buildings. These new buildings are faced with brick and are compatible with the size and scale of the nearby older brick storefronts. ° The University of Iowa campus is just a few blocks to the south and west. ' The 1893 date is based on the findings of fact written by a judge in a lawsuit against Hummer and recorded in an abstract entry. The c. 1862 date is more circumstantial and based on Muchenberger's purchase date of 12/30/1861 and Frank Burkley's employment there in 1862 and 1863; plus city directory listings; and the physical fabric and vemacular style of the building itself. The building clearly is present on the 1868 birdseye map of Iowa City, providing an "at least by" date that is fixed (see Additional Documentation pages for the birdseye image). NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) .�i.rnrsnrzQm>r[a United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section 1, 7 Page 2 Union Bakery name of property Johnson County. Iowa county and state materials (red brick and cream -colored limestone) so well that the casual observer might easily mistake the enlarged building for one seamless mid-19th century edifice. Exterior: Primary East Fagade Overlooking North Linn Street, c. 1862 and 1893 Brickwork is similar throughout the c. 1862 and 1893 building sections6 and consists of load -bearing walls laid up in a common bond pattern of seven stretcher courses to one header course. At sidewalk level, the building exhibits a raised foundation of limestone' covered with a thick, painted coat of pargeting, above which is a smooth stone water table. The main entrance to the ground floor is located at the southeast corner of the c. 1862 portion, recessed behind the brick corner pier (behind the small tree in Fig. 1 below). The entrance to the restaurant within is accessed by common concrete stairs from either Linn or Market street sidewalks. The rest of the eastside ground floor is dominated by five large, fixed display windows sitting on thin stone sills. Brick pilasters between these windows terminate at the upper end in a narrow stone cap or capitals and the entire ground floor is then set off from the upper stories by a wide stone beltcourse. Upper story windows, all replacements, are one -over -one double hung sashes, with stone sills and lintels. Eaves at the roofline are narrow and trimmed with a decorative mousetooth border, probably wooden and likely not original. Metal fire escapes are present on this Linn Street fagade. Figure 1 - East fagade overlooking North Linn Street. The three upper story windows on the left are in the c. 1862 building, while the three on the right are in the north bay added in 1893. The two portions of the building are separated by a thin white vertical putty line visible here. The roof structure on the left side is a shallow gambrel form, while the 1893 roof is flat. From inside the low attic on the 1893 side, one can still see how the 1893 roof was tied into the c. 1862 roof. The older roof's overhanging eave and standing -steam metal roofing were left intact (see Fig. 2 nest page). All photos by Tallgrass Historians LC from 2015 unless otherwise identified 6 For ease of discussion, the building generally will be referred to as a single building, except where distinguishing the two construction eras is necessary. ' The foundation, as observed from the interior basement, is largely irregularly -coursed rubble stone of diverse sizes. Exterior cut limestone on the c. 1862 building is different than the 1893 stone. The earlier limestone is dominated by small shell, coral, and fossil shapes that leave it with an irregular, even rough, surface texture. The later limestone is finer grained and smooth, without visible fossil material. This suggests that the c. 1862 limestone came from a nearby quarry, perhaps one of the various small city quarries operating during the town's early decades. The architect of original capitol built in the 1840s rejected the first "bird's eye marble" stone that came from "a quarry at the north end of Clinton Street, five to six blocks from the capitol behind the area where the University president's residence now stands. [This would be four to five blocks from Union Bakery.] The stone from that quarry is properly described as the Coralville member of the Cedar Valley limestone of the Devonian period" (Margaret N. Keyes, Old Capitol: Portrait of an Iowa Landmark [Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 1988J, 9,12). This stone, which was used in the capitol's base and lower level, is similar in appearance to the c. 1862 limestone employed in the Union Bakery building. Other small city quarries, which were worked by hand, included the "Hutchinson quarry on the west side of the river" (Ibid., 96), and the "Crowley quarry in the channel of the river south of the old bridge at Iowa City' (Samuel Calvin, "Geology of Johnson County,' Iowa Geological SurveyAmrual Report. Vol. 7 [1896], 96.). This may refer to the bridge at Burlington Street, the only wagon bridge shown on the 1868 birdseye map of Iowa City. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-e6) .�i.rnrsnrzQmy[a United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section 1, 7 Page 3 G 7E52 sunder mom mc&u m7 Huiha l9¢}ugl MW muftwp �1d&3 Jasi Union Bakery name of property Johnson County. Iowa county and state Figure 2 — Section drawing of the upper north wall of the c. 1862 building and 1893 attic interior. This brick wall was formerly an exterior wall. There are iron "S" -shaped anchor bolts near the top of the exterior side of this brick wall that appear to have been added before 1893. Tallgrass Historians LC sketch, 2015 Exterior: Long South Elevation along East Market Street, c. 1862 and 1893 At the sidewalk level, this long elevation and secondary fagade (Figs. 3-4) has four large openings, three of which are doorways. The one large window opening is near the front entrance corner and is similar to the primary fagade's windows. The two central doorways lead into the restaurant space, the west one into the kitchen and the east one (served by the wooden wheelchair ramp) into the dining area. The far west opening, near the southwest corner of the building and the rear alleyway, contains a recessed doorway leading to the wide staircase that goes to the second floor apartments and rental rooms. A smaller window, similar to the upper windows, is found between the kitchen and 2nd-floor doorway. This small window opens to the restaurant kitchen. The distinction between the c. 1862 and 1893 construction is marked in several ways on this elevation. A vertical putty line is present at the juncture of the two, and the stone beltcourse and brick interstitial piers of the c. 1862 era were not repeated on this portion of the 1893 addition. Several of the former ground floor window openings on the c. 1862 wall have been bricked in, and numerous star -shaped anchors plates, which would date to the 1893 era, are irregularly located along the wall. The windows and roofline are the same on this elevation as around the corner on the east primary fagade. Window spacing is different however, with the seven windows on each upper floor of the c. 1862 building spaced closer together than the four windows on each floor of the 1893 addition. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-e6) .�i.rnrsnrzQmy[a United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section 1, 7 Page 4 Union Bakery name of property Johnson County. Iowa county and state Figure 3 — The seven windows from the corner to the left (west) are part of the c. 1862 original building. Figure 4 - Westside alley elevation and long southside Market Street elevation. The four upper level windows on the left are in the 1893 rear L addition. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-e6) .�i.rnrsnrzQmy[a United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section 1, 7 Page 5 Exterior: WestRear Wall, 1893 Union Bakery name of property Johnson County. Iowa county and state This wall of the building overlooks the private alleyway and dates to 1893 (refer back to Fig. 4). It marks the base or shorter leg of the L-shaped addition that wrapped around the original building's west end wall and long north elevation. Meant to be a more private side of the building, the attractive limestone trim of the south and east walls is missing here except for the windows sills. Windows are irregularly placed on all three levels and have segmental arched brick headers. Window sashes are replacements. Another metal fire escape is attached to this end wall. 479-1 Exterior: North Elevation, 1893 Figure 5 - Rear (west) end wall and west end of south wall, 1893. The ground floor of the alley wall has one working door and two that are fully or partially infilled by brick. The window near the building's corner in the foreground is filled with glass blocks. Fire escapes and an elevated 11VAC unit mark this end wall as a service area of the building. The only access to the upper two stories is visible here, recessed in the alcove near the corner. The ground floor wall (Fig. 6) on the northside is obscured by a single -story, attached commercial building that dates to the middle of the twentieth century. Before that time, a detached dwelling had long occupied the lot next to the Union Bakery's north wall according to fire insurance maps. Fenestration on Union Bakery's second and third floors is identical and consists of segmental -arched brick headers and stone sills with replacement sashes. A single window is located near the alley end wall, but four sets of paired windows, sharing common headers and sills, are positioned along the central portion of the wall. An exterior brick chimney is found about half way between the alley on the west and the mid -line of the wall, where the NPS Form 10-900-a (8-e6) .�i.rnrsnrzQmy[a United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section 1, 7 Page 6 Union Bakery name of property Johnson County. Iowa county and state roofline appears slightly crowned. Star -shaped anchor plates are present, marking the opposite ends to the anchor plates seen on the south side and the tie rods within that stabilize the building walls and knit the c. 1862 and 1893 constructions together. Figure 6 — North side wall. The rear alley side is on the right. The small midcentury commercial building that houses a hairdresser's salon, painted dark red here, obscures the ground floor of this 1893 bay addition to the Union Bakery. Interior — Ground Floor & Basement Essentially, the entire ground floor is occupied by a restaurant that opened in early 2015. All finishes are new, installed within the last six months. The dining and bar area fill the eastern two-thirds of the floor space with the rest divided into the kitchen, restrooms, a server pantry, a small office, and an even smaller mechanical room. The stairway to the basement is located in the far northwest corner. There is no basement under the southwest quarter of the building, but the entire north 1893 bay and the original c. 1862 building both have basements. The foundations of both are mixed stone and brick, with newer patches of clay tile block and concrete blocks. Load -bearing supports are generally pipe columns, brick columns, or stone walls. A portion of the c. 1862 north stone foundation has been irregularly punched out (Fig. 7) to join the two long basement bays. Interpreting the basement fenestration in the c. 1862 building is difficult and speculative. Under the southeast corner entrance to the ground floor are two bricked up areas in the basement that suggest entrances to the lower level. Indeed, the two "rooms" at the east end of this c. 1862 basement show evidence of once being finished work spaces with the remnants of plastered or pargeted walls and headboard ceilings. Along the long c. 1862 south wall are extant open and NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) .�i.rnrsnrzQm>r[a United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section 1, 7 Page 7 Union Bakery name of property Johnson County. Iowa county and state Figure 7 - Doorway cut through north foundation wall of the c. 1862 building, leading into the 1893 north bay basement. filled -in window locations, fairly regularly placed, and located high on the wall so as to be at sidewalk level from the exterior. The original vertical configuration of these window areas appears to be: a small high removable window that sits on several courses of brick, which then rest on a lower stone foundation. Toward the southwest corner of the c. 1862 basement is a floor -to -ceiling opening that was only recently closed up with concrete blocks. The current owner indicates that beyond the foundation stone was only a small excavation under the sidewalk that was tilled with dirt and rubble. Next to this, nearer the southwest corner of the c. 1862 building is a curious small hole punched through the stone foundation, an opening that leads nowhere. It is excavated only a few feet beyond the foundation wall, toward the south, Market Street, and the Union Brewery beyond. And it too is filled with dirt and rubble. One local archaeologist, who has studied the three breweries in this neighborhood and the tunnels that connected them to various other buildings, feels there was a tunnel between this c. 1862 building and Union Brewery. The other end of the tunnel, under the brewery, is still visible according to this professional.' Either the recently -blocked foundation cut or the small, still open cut might be related to this tunnel, however, there is not good evidence to confirm this at the present time. a Marlin Ingalls, multiple email communications with author, April and May, 2015. Union Brewery's National Register nomination indicates the northeast comer part of the brewery complex was constructed in 1868-69 and functioned as the brewery's saloon (citing Simon Bore's biographical entry in the 1883 History of Johnson County, Iowa I S36-ISS2 [at 847]) [available online]. Muchenberger, the owner responsible for the c. 1862 Union Bakery, also sold liquor in the 1864-1866 period when he operated a hotel in his building, so he appears to have offered a sort of saloon for his guests there too. An eventual tunnel for transporting beer kegs under the street to Muchenberger's operation is certainly possible. On the other hand, before good refrigeration, beer was quite perishable and the brewery was just across the street by 1868. Why would the effort have been necessary to excavate a tunnel between the two buildings when the brewery could simply send a man, as needed, across the street with a keg on a truck cart? Muchenberger's retail liquor sales were taxed by the federal government in at least 1864 and 1866. See U. S. IRS Tax Assessment Lists, a 1862-1918; available at Ancestry.com. On the making, storage, and delivery of beer in 19a'-century Iowa generally, see Leah D. Rogers, "'It Was Some Brewery:' Data Recovery of the City Brewery Site... " [Leah D. Rogers for the Des Moines (Iowa) Transit Authority, 1996], 15-35. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) .�i.l:nrsnrzQm>r[a United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section 1, 7 Page 8 Interior —Second and Third Floors Union Bakery name of property Johnson County. Iowa county and state Primary access to the upper floors is via a wide staircase at the southwest corner of the 1893 rear addition. This leads up to a small open area on the second floor. From this open area, a narrow hallway runs east and west, spanning the length of the building. This hallway and another one directly above it on the third floor (as well as the stairs to the attic) are located in the 1893 portion of the building, along the former exterior north brick wall of the c. 1862 building. Two multi -room apartments are found on the south side of the second -floor hallway, one each in the west -end 1893 addition, and one in the c. 1862 building, and six small rooms (approximately 183 sq. ft.) are located on the north side of the hallway, each accessed by a door from the hall. No access to the rooms, which are all currently rented, was possible but visible finishes in the public areas were modern, except for the trim around the doors and the door knobs and plates. The painted wooden doorway trim had "patera" (bull's eye or target) corner blocks and carved floor blocks at the lower end. The doors themselves were poorly made of plywood that was delaminating, but the knobs and plates from the original doors had apparently been salvaged and reused. This door hardware was highly patterned in the Eastlake style with raised floral designs 9 The third floor had similar doorway trim throughout and similar small rooms along the north side of the long east/west hallway of the 1893 bay. But instead of an apartment in the c. 1862 space, a smaller secondary hallway stairway wall provided access to smaller rooms along the south side of this oldest part of the overall building. Rooms on both levels lacked bathrooms with one common bathroom per floor shared by the roomers. Generally, visible finishes were modern on both floors, consisting of fresh paint, low -nap carpet, vinyl floor trim, and dropped acoustical tile ceilings. Integrity The c. 1862 building and its large 1893 L-shaped addition are both historic and significant. The addition does not detract from the original building, but adds to the historic and architectural character of the edifice. The most significant alteration are the window replacements. No photographs have been found to indicate the original sash configurations, but considering the Civil War vintage of the original building and the efforts of the 1893 owner to seamlessly blend his new addition to the old, one can suppose the upper floor windows were six -over -six sashes. The large lower level openings were likely multi - light divided display windows. The important feature of these windows however is the overall pattern they set up, which is repetitive and lively. Comments on specific integrity aspects are as follows: (1) location: the building is in its original location; (2) design: the exterior is largely intact except for the windows as noted above. The interior spatial arrangements in the basement, the second floor, and the third floor are likely to be close to the original; however, the ground floor level has changed functions so frequently that the original retail and commercial functions are no longer reflected by the present configuration of rooms. Load bearing walls and upright supports, however, remain as permanent spatial dividers; (3) setting: while there are clearly changes to the neighborhood from the c. 1862 setting, there are fewer changes from the 1893 neighborhood setting. Many of the buildings extant then remain in place today. The glaring exception is the removal of two of the three breweries and their replacement with parking lots. Generally, however, the buildings near 9 It is possible the plywood was simply added to the exterior of the doors to thicken them and add additional fire protection. Bob Miklo, Senior Planner, City of Iowa City, to author, telephone conversation, 6/9/2015. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) .�i.rnrsnrzQmy[a United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section 1, 7 Page 9 Union Bakery name of property Johnson County. Iowa county and state the Union Bakery are of the size, scale, and materials that are compatible with a turn -of -the -century secondary commercial node or neighborhood. The area remains a transitional zone of mixed commercial and residential buildings, along with two historic churches, that separates the core downtown shopping district and "Old Capitol" greenspace (now called the Pentacrest for its five large buildings) from the solidly residential area of detached 19th- century homes to the north. Both downtown Iowa City and the "Northside" residential neighborhood have been extensively surveyed and portions of both have been listed or evaluated as historic districts; (4) materials: with the exception of window glazing and a few openings that have been infilled with brick, exterior materials are original to the two construction stages. The interior is altered with upper level door trim and hardware remaining intact; (5) workmanship: the workmanship is best reflected in the masonry skill of the bricklayers, which is intact; (6) feeling; the overall plan, stone and brick materials, vertical massing, and vernacular but mildly Greek Revival styling (seen in the use of the repetitive pillar -and -lintel format, the stone capitals and stone water table) result a strong feeling of the mid-19th century even to the uninitiated pedestrian, of which there are many as this is within the walking neighborhoods of town; (7) association: the building's long history of varied retail commercial, light industrial, and rooming house/hotel on the upper floors contributes to and is associated with its historic significance. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) .�i.rnrsnrzQm>r[a United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section 8 Page 10 8. Narrative Statement of Significance Union Bakery name of property Johnson County. Iowa county and state Summary Paragraph - Union Bakery is locally significant under Criteria A and C as a good example of the activities of early Iowa City entrepreneurs — especially those of the resident German immigrant community — and the efforts to establish and grow successful commercial ventures in a dynamic Midwest town just a few decades old. It is also significant as a rare surviving commercial property type in Iowa City, a property type characterized by a size and scale larger than most of its contemporaries, together with its 19" century brick and stone construction methods and materials, and its historic lodging and commercial functions in a close -in location. This was neither a narrow attached storefront catering to retail customers in the downtown, nor was it was an industrial/commercial` business sited by its owner at edge of town where access by rail or wagon would be easy. Rather, the building was constructed in the midst of mixed residential and retail blocks where walking was still the major means of getting about town and where the pedestrians (and therefore potential customers) might be visitors to the city, or local workers in the nearby breweries, or university students. The period of significance runs from c. 1862, when the original building was constructed on the corner of North Linn and East Market Streets, until 1965, the moving 50-year rule of the National Register program. This period includes the 1893 addition to the original building and acknowledges the building's continuing contribution to the evolution of Iowa City's commercial life, especially within the vibrant Northside commercial neighborhood. Entrepreneurial Iowa City Commerce in Iowa City was driven in the 19`" century by its capital status, its position as county seat, and the presence of the earliest state university — capital, county, and campus. Capital: The city's bluff top location was selected in 1839 by a committee of three territorial legislators charged with finding the first permanent capital of the Iowa Territory. By July of that year, town lots had been surveyed and auctions to sell them off were held in August and October, attracting both "emigrant settlers and a few eastern capitalists." So many potential purchasers crowded into the town site that, lacking any true lodging house, a rough "hotel" accommodating up to 40 men was erected in a matter of days, complete with bar and kitchen. According to a 1939 account by Benjamin Shambaugh, the first superintendent of the State Historical Society of Iowa, the auctions were festive events attended by crowds of potential purchasers who had taken every advantage of the Lean Back Hall's liquid offerings.3 The nascent town then served as territorial capital until 1846 when Iowa achieved statehood. State legislators continued to meet in Iowa City until 1857 when the capital was moved to Des Moines. Throughout the town's tenure as state capital, temporary accommodations were necessary for the men who came to serve in legislative sessions. One such lodging option was Park House, a large 3-story brick building constructed in 1852. Nominated to the National Register in 1978, Park House still exists and was rehabilitated in the 1990s. Park House, which is located just around the corner from the Union Bakery building, remains one of the few 19`"-century commercial buildings of the size and scale comparable to Union Bakery. It is almost certainly the only large commercial building that remains from the capital era of Iowa City commerce. Coun : Perhaps it was only logical that Iowa City should become the seat of county government shortly after the capital location was fixed in 1839. That it immediately gained that designation is clear. However, over the years historians have struggled with placing a firm date on when or exactly how it officially became the county seat. Johnson County was created ' "Commercial" herein is intended to be the more generic term, inclusive of both industrial and retail, and meant to denote non-residential functions. Benjamin F. Shambaugh, The Old Stone Capitol Remembers (Iowa City: State Historical Society of Iowa, 1939), 70. ' Ibid., 70-71. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) .�i.rnrsnrzQm>r[a United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section 8 Page 11 Union Bakery name of property Johnson County. Iowa county and state officially in late 1837 by an act of the Wisconsin Territorial legislature, but this was two years before the site was selected for the capital of a newly formed Iowa Territory. With the future capital site still just a prairie bluff overlooking the Iowa River, the few settlers in the area in 1837 and 1838 vigorously competed to have their own land claims designated as county seat. Judge Pleasant Harris brought a plat for a town he called Osceola with him from the east and promoted a riverbank spot for its location, but "it never had any defined local habitation." On the other hand, a claim on the east side of the river called Napoleon had a log cabin and a frame house by 1837, which was enough to win coveted designation in July, 1838.' Subsequently, county business and two county elections were held in Napoleon's frame building, intended by town promoters to serve as the courthouse. In October, 1839, however, the county seat was surreptitiously and somewhat mysteriously removed to the newly designated Iowa City site.' County seat status from the beginning meant out-of-town visitors would be drawn constantly to Iowa City to conduct legal business at the courthouse. And professionals such as attorneys, abstractors, and surveyors would all find good prospects for working in Iowa City. The courthouse square, though, was several blocks south of downtown, and not particularly close to the lodging available at either the 1852 Park House or the upper -floor rooms at the c. 1862 Union Bakery. Visitors needing lodging for business or legal purposes probably stayed in downtown hotels.' After the mid-1850s, the courthouse location also was close to new railroad lines that passed through town. These lines, the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific and the Burlington, Cedar Rapids, & Northern railroads, both were located slightly farther south and east of the courthouse square (refer to Fig. 16 map below). They helped spawn a southside commercial zone that was far grittier than the beer brewing and bread baking that took place in the northside commercial area. Foundries, mills, a linseed oil factory, and ironworks all located in the southside commercial corridor and two or three remnants of this early activity still exist, several of which even approach the size and scale of the Union Bakery (see discussion starting on page 18). Campus: The last driver of commerce in town was (and is) the state's first public university established in 1847, just a year after statehood.' Initially the impact of this institution on the town's commerce was not great. The state's population was thin and widely dispersed and, according to a university historian, it had no schools that were preparing students for advanced studies. And there were ethnic, political, and philosophical tensions from the start between Iowa City residents and those beyond its borders, tensions that contributed to the university's difficulties. "Johnson County... came to possess large German and Irish populations and became the focus of deep underlying ethnic conflict with the Anglo-American element in other parts of the state. Expressing itself first in local politics as Democratic and Copperhead opposition to the majority Republican parry's management of the Civil War, the ethnic tension was perpetuated by the struggle over prohibition, which persisted through the later decades of the 19" century and gained for the people of Johnson County the unenviable reputation of being saloon keepers and scofflaws. Faculty members themselves became embroiled in these controversies, to the undoubted detriment of the university."' There remains even today the persistent conflict between Iowans who support liberal and ° N.A. History of Johnson County, Iowa... 1836-1882 (Iowa City: n.publ., 1883), 168. s Ibid., 176. s In 1875, A. T. Andreas simply stated that after the location of the territorial capital was selected, the county seat `was removed to Iowa City, and Napoleon became a farm." (A.T. Andreas' Illustrated Historical Atlas of the State oflowa, 1875; reprinted in 1970), 477. Reprint used.). A decade later, authors of the 1883 History of Johnson County, Iowa went into great detail but could not find the authority for or explain the removal either. These authors stated that one day in October, 1839 the county officers met in Napoleon, transacted some business, but when they adjoumed it was "to meet to- morrow morning at the house of F.M. Irish, in Iowa City. (History of Johnson County, Iowa, 176). Thereafter, the seat was permanently fixed in Iowa City. Several decades later, another historian commented that this change of venue "appears to the reader as an unwarranted proceeding, since no act provided for the change of the seat of justice from Napoleon to Iowa City, however desirable it may have been in the time of anticipation that the territorial capital was to come to this county." Clarence Ray Aumer, Leading Events in Johnson County, Iowa History (Cedar Rapids, Iowa: Western Historical Press, 1912), 67. ' None of these hotels are extant in an identifiable state, however, since at least the urban renewal programs of the 1960s. 8 Stow Persons, The University oflowa in the Twentieth Century An Institutional History (Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 1990), 1. s Persons, The University oflowa, 2. See also footnote 19 regarding Professor Hinrichs. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) .�i.rnrsnrzQm>r[a United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section 8 Page 12 Union Bakery name of property Johnson County. Iowa county and state progressive educational principles verses those who advocate more directed vocational training through the state's agricultural college, which was established in 1858 and centrally located in Ames.10 Struggling to enroll both girls and boys (admitted at ages 14 and 15, respectively), the university in Iowa City had only 124 students in 1856-57, when the town had a population of about 1,300." It actually closed in 1858 for lack of enrollment but reopened in 1860. By the 1869-70 school year there were 439 students (in the town of 5,914).12 Thirty-five families actually moved to Iowa City so their children could attend the university.13 Over the next few years, enrollment averaged 444, with 22% coming from within the county. Meanwhile, the town's population was experiencing a period of heady growth.14 The "conservative and clerical influences" were strong in the state in the 1860s and 1870s. Because of this and because the university stood in loco parentis regarding its students, the university president's 1872 report to the state legislature stated that "the students are expected to comply with the requirements of morality, propriety, and courtesy during the entire period of their connection with the university. ,15 Early catalogs promised that a `wholesome moral influence would prevail on campus" and forewarned "there would be no drinking, card playing, gambling, profanity, entering a saloon, or attending the theater. Rooming houses in town were to be subject to inspection and certification as to safety and suitability. 46 Housing options and costs for out-of-town students in 1872 were explained as: `Board in families, including washing, fuel, and lights, from three to five dollars per week. Board in clubs, from two to three dollars. Room rent, two dollars per month and upward, for unfurnished rooms. The opportunities for self -boarding at low rates are excellent. 47 This suggests both the availability of rooms to rent, such as those found in Union Bakery's upper floors, and that cafes and restaurants were available if not abundant in Iowa City in the 1870s." Indeed, Sanborn fire insurance maps from 1883, the earliest available, note a number of restaurants and boarding houses downtown, but also a very generous number of saloons. There were also a number of grocery stores, markets, and other bakeries in the vicinity of Union Bakery. Beyond the housing needs of its students, the early university would have generated additional local commerce to meet its specialized needs as well. Reported expenditures, at least in the early 1870s, included payments for such local services and products as printing and advertising, "wood sawing," chairs19 and "cabinets," books, and foundry items for an observatory purchased from the N.H. Tullos & Co. (a business located in the southern commercial corridor with a building still extant). Conclusion to Capital. County, and Campus Influences: Iowa City business operators, then, profited from a confluence of good fortunes that other Iowa communities lacked. The town's early prominence as a capital city attracted settlers, eastern capitalists and land speculators, as well as visitors (both elected and lobbyists) in town because of the legislative sessions. Its continued status as Johnson County seat brought more landowners and taxpayers to town and assured resident professionals a steady income. And the presence of a growing university, despite its early struggles, meant specialized businesses that catered to the students and faculty. It was into this dynamic combination that capitalist and entrepreneur Leo Muchenberger, 10 Ibid., Prologue, generally. " Persons, The University oflowa, 6-7; population data from www.iowadatacenter.org/acMve/2011/02/citypop.pdf accessed on 5/28/2015. 12 Ibid. " N.A. [but George Thacher], Report of the State University oflowa (Des Moines: G.W. Edwards, State Printer, 1872). '4 Ibid. Also see again Iowa City's population figures by decade at www.iowadatacenter.org/acMve/2011/02/citypop.pdf accessed on 5/28/2015. Is Report of the State University oflowa, 50. 16 Persons, The University oflowa, 8. 17 Report of the State University oflowa, 7. 18 Families who invited students to live with them typically favored the male students, according to the university's 1872 report, thereby discouraging girls from attending the university since they often found the rooming house situation undesirable. University president Thacher pleaded with the legislature for the funds to build, in effect, a dormitory for them. (Report of the State University). After 1909, Park House, by then known by a different name, offered rooms exclusively to female students (NRHP nomination). 19 One chair was referred to simply as "Hinrichs chair." Gustavus Hinrichs was a "freethinker," a professor of natural philosophy and chemistry who ridiculed the "` Sunday School boys' on the faculty... and was also an ardent opponent of the prohibition movement across Iowa." Wlule he was likely popular among the county's German and Irish "element," and surely would have spent time in the German -immigrant owned saloons of the northside commercial neighborhood, he was also certainly unpopular among his colleagues at the university. (Persons, 9). NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) .�i.rnrsnrzQm>r[a United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section 8 Page 13 Union Bakery name of property Johnson County. Iowa county and state a young immigrant from the Baden -Black Forest area of Germany, arrived by at least 1859.20 Not long after he would construct the Union Bakery building. The Who, What, and Why of Union Bakery Union Bakery today occupies the southern portion of lot 8 in block 68, on a footprint of 80 by 50 feet. Lot 8 is one of the original 1839 town lots, but remained unsold until 1844 when the State of Iowa, which had been granted the land for the new town by the federal government, transferred it to Christopher H. Buck. Buck was a grocer who served also as the city treasurer in the 1850s. His grocery was on Iowa Avenue, at the north edge of downtown, so his purchase of lot 8 was likely an investment and speculative." In 1856, lot 8 was owned by a group of Lutherans from both England and Germany, however this group soon parted ways in order to construct separate churches 22 Following that, Charles C. McGovern, from Ireland and a physician, county coroner, and Democrat, acquired lot 8. In turn, McGovern sold the pertinent parcel of lot 8 to Leo Muchenberger on December 30, 1861 for $1500. McGovern soon after relocated in State Center, Iowa 23 The same day he bought the lot, Muchenberger borrowed $600 from Frank Burckle (also spelled Buerzkle).24 This was likely Frank Burkley, also of the Black Forest area of Germany who wed Genevieve Muchenberger in 1850 when they lived in Boston 25 The Burkley and Muchenberger families may have traveled from Boston to Iowa City together or at least about the same time. Burkley ran the "Union Bakery for two years" after his arrival in Iowa City in 1861, but in 1863 opened his own hotel, the Burkley House."26 Muchenberger paid federal liquor and hotel taxes in 1864 and 1866'21 presumably for the operations at the Union Bakery building, and that latter year signed his name to a "unique and racy public document" in the form of a "proclamation" published in the Iowa City Press on April 11, 1866. The proclamation, over the name of seven parties in addition to Muchenberger, sarcastically stated: Whereas, most Reverendissimi atgue amplisimi [revered and honored] clergymen of Iowa City, blessed by true and faithful Christianity, philanthropy and infallibility, did call us at their temperance meeting last September, pirates, murderers, serpents, poisoners, dealers of firebrands, arrows, etc., and, Whereas, The most potent N. H. Brainerd, editor, and leader of the Republican party, pronounced in his most excellent and edifying journal, that we keep the chambers of death and gates of hell, that we are pouring out the streams of damnation and death... Therefore we... will refrain from selling any intoxicating liquors under any name, and will sell only beer, cider, and Iowa wine, [and] that we will keep first-class eating -houses. ,28 Clearly, the ethnic, political, and prohibition differences brewing in Iowa City at the time of the Civil War were at a boiling point in 1866 and Muchenberger, apparently, had a deep stake in the controversy. 20 Johnson County Recorder, Mortgage Index Book 1 (1840-1872). Muchenberger's naturalization record is dated 3/4/1861 and available on ncestry.com. 21 Abstract of Tide for Lot 7, Block 68, Iowa City Original Town plat (building owner's collection); History ofJohnson County, Iowa 1 S36-1SS2 (Iowa City, Iowa, 1883), 642. 22 The Iowa City Citizen, 10/15/1910. v History ofJohnson County, Iowa 1S36-1 SS2, 217-218; Burlington Hawkeye, 9/7/1866. 21 Johnson County Recorder, Mortgage Index Book 1(1840-1872). u ' F.P. Burkley Dead," Iowa City Citizen, 12/21/1908.; also, there are several references to FT called Irving Weher's Iowa City (Iowa City, 1976-1992). 26lowa City Press -Citizen, 2/22/1941. 27 U.S. IRS Tax Assessment Lists, 1862-1918; accessed at Ancestry.com on 5/7/2015. 28 History ofJohnson County, Iowa 1836-1 SS2, 412. Barkley and his hotel in the seven local history volumes NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) .�i.rnrsnrzQm>r[a United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section 8 Page 14 Union Bakery name of property Johnson County. Iowa county and state Iowa City directories from 1868 and 1869 indicate that Alois Bashnagel (aka Baschnagel or Bashnagle), yet another native of the Baden -Black Forest area of Germany, was operating a bakery at the northwest corner of Market and Linn streets, the location of the Union Bakery. Bashnagel did not own the building however, so he either leased space in the building or worked for Muchenberger. By 1870, Muchenberger had relocated to St. Joseph, Missouri, where he was listed in census records as a hotel operator and baker.29 This would seem to confirm the unlikely combination of occupations he pursued in Iowa City.30 A few years later, in 1874, Muchenberger did sell the Iowa City building to Bashnagel for $3,000, a 100% increase over his purchase price a little over a decade before 31 Bashnagel expanded his bakery business to two locations. In addition to the northside Union Bakery, he also opened the Centennial Bakery and Restaurant a few blocks to the south in the city's downtown proper. But he still operated as a sole proprietor, running both as unincorporated businesses through to his retirement, which took place at least by 1893 if not earlier. Ultimately, the Union Bakery building and all or part of lot 7 directly across a small alley to the west were both acquired by George Hummer early in 1893.32 Born in 1841 in the southeast Iowa town of Burlington, George Hummer became the archetypical Midwestern entrepreneur of the late 19" century. Hummer tried different occupations until he hit on a successful formula. His evolved his business methods and structures over the course of his career, from working as a simple shop clerk to serving as president of a modern corporation, all the while investing and diversifying as his success grew. George's parents had come from Germany; his father was said to have built the first brewery in Iowa and brewed the first beer in Burlington, but George was orphaned by the age of eight. As a young adult, he arrived in Iowa City around 1858 where he found employment as a clerk in a dry goods store.33 In 1872, Hummer, with some help from his father-in-law, struck out on his own by establishing a wholesale grocery house, which he named George Hummer & Co. By 1880 the business was successful enough to permit the construction of a nearly 5,000 square foot building at the east edge of downtown3' By the mid to late 1890s, the ambitious Hummer was branching out into other food -related operations by acquiring going concerns. One of these, perhaps his first serious capital outlay beyond his wholesale grocery business, was the purchase of the Union Bakery from the Bashnagel family in March of 189335 29U.S. censuses, 1870 and 1880. Accessed on 5/7/2015 at Ancestry.com. 30 The name "Union Bakery" may not be the only or original name of Muchenberger's commercial activates in his building but it is the earliest confirmed name associated with it. Further, the building appears to have been referred to by this name for the majority of its existence. Using the name "Union," for both Muchenberger and the owners of the Union Brewery across the street, likely only reflects the patriotic fervor of the Civil War. No other reason for it has surfaced and no formal association of the two businesses in known. (The 2014local landmark process took `Bashnigel" as the historic name from the Iowa Site Inventory form filed in the 1980s. Additional research confirmed Bashnagel as one of the historic owner names, but not the name most strongly associated with the building) " The deed spells the buyer's name "Aloys Baschnagel." Johnson County Recorder's Office, Transfer Book 1. 32 Johnson County Recorder, Transfer Book 1, page 229; Abstract of Tide for Lot 7, Block 68, Iowa City Original Town plat (building owner's collection). Additional information about Alois Bashnagle and his family may be found in the Iowa Site Inventory Form attached to the Iowa City local landmark application and designation completed on the building in 2014 (under the name `Bashnagel, Alois, Bakery; ISIF#52-02166). " An article in the local newspaper from 1908, a few years before Htrmmer's death, says the Hummer Mercantile Company was incorporated in 1861, however this seems highly unlikely in light of other records, like the 1870 federal census, which records his occupation as a clerk in the dry goods business, or the 1904 incorporation records of the George Hummer Mercantile Company located at the Johnson County Recorders office. The 1861 date was either a newspaper error or a faulty (or embellished) memory. 34 Htrmmer's 1880 building was described in 1883 as costing $75,000 to build, however this is certainly a typo. The cost was more likely $7,500. History of Johnson County, Iowa 1836-1882, 851. It is unknown if this building still exists but it is unlikely considering the described location. " U.S. censuses, 1870, 1880, 1900; "Find a Grave Index," all accessed on Ancestry.com in May, 2015; History of Johnson County, Iowa 1836-1882,851; "Transfers of Johnson County Real Estate," Daily Iowa State Press, 8/24/1899; Iowa Official Register, "Articles of Incorporation Filed" (Secretary of State, 1900); "Articles of Incorporation of The Geo. Hummer Mercantile Company (1904), retyped in "Certificate of Renewal of Corporate Charter of George Hummer Mercantile Company (1924), located in Johnson County Recorder, Miscellaneous Records, Book 128, page 445; Full page advertisement, Iowa City Citizen, 7/27/1908; "Among Iowa City Industries," Iowa City Citizen, 4/29/1908. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) .�i.rnrsnrzQm>r[a United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section 8 Page 15 Union Bakery name of property Johnson County. Iowa county and state Hummer immediately set about to enlarge Union Bakery and by September, 1893, he had completed the large addition to the original building. At the same time, his neighbors to the north, who had dwellings on other pieces of the long north/south- oriented lot 8, promptly sued him. As it turned out, since the time of Christopher H. Buck's ownership of the entire lot 8 in 1844, the west 10 feet of the southern -most portion of lot 8 were to be "kept open and free of access as an alley for the use forever" by these owners to the north. It was the only way they could reach the rear of their properties. Since Hummer also owned lot 7, across the alley to the west, he simply settled with them by shifting the narrow alley west and promising to keep the east ten feet of lot 7 open directly across from Union Bakery. He was thus saved from having to tear down his new addition, which is what the court had ordered.36 Soon after the lawsuit was settled, Hummer transferred his personal ownership of the Union Bakery property to his unincorporated company, by then called the George Hummer Mercantile Company.17 In 1899, as president of the mercantile company, he "sold" the Union Bakery property to a corporation he formed, the Union Block and Bakery Company. The intracompany transfer was valued at $17,500. At the same time, stock in the new company was offered to the investing public by advertising in the local newspaper. The ad described the assets of the new company as: The property of the corporation consists of the brick building, 50 x 80 feet, three stories and basement, on the comer of Market and Linn Streets, on Lot 8 and the east half of Lot 7, and the buildings on it All on Block sixty-eight (68) in Iowa City, Iowa, Outfit and Ovens, also the Furniture, Dishes and Utensils in the Restaurant, and the Furniture, Carpets, Bedding, etc. in twenty- five rooms, in the second and third stories of said building, as well the trade marks, trade and good will of the Union Bakery Co. The building is almost new, modern and well adapted for the purpose it is used for. -There are twenty-five newly furnished rooms and three bath rooms on the second and third floors. The Bakery has two large ovens and bakery outfit complete, with a capacity of 3,000 loaves of bread in 12 hours, and has an excellent trade in the city and adjacent towns. The rooms rent to students 9 months in the year and being so near the University, will always continue to rent welt's Estimated yearly earnings from the rooms and restaurant were $2,100 and from the bakery $1,200. Sometime between 1899 and 1906, Hummer again expanded his business organization by purchasing the Iowa City Mills building and business at the corner of East Court and Gilbert streets, in the heart of the southside commercial corridor. The flour mill appears on the 1883 Sanborn but had a serious fire at the turn -of -the century that required considerable reconstruction.39 Hummer also bought the corner lot directly across Court Street to the south. He tore down a dwelling and a stable on the corner and erected a new Classical Revival -style headquarters for his wholesale grocery business, at the same time converting a much older stone and brick building south of the dwelling into a grocery warehouse or storeroom. He probably incorporated his wholesale grocery business in 1904 in conjunction with the construction of the new headquarters. By the time of his death in 1912, Hummer, one of Iowa City's many entrepreneurial 19" century businessmen, had successfully navigated the Gilded Age transition of shopkeepers and clerks to corporate officers and shareholders 40 While Hummer owned the Union Bakery, he worked to build its operation beyond the local customers served by Alois Bashnagel and into a wholesale bakery serving a much wider market area. The bakery employed six people who daily turned out fresh bakery products of all kinds. These were sold through a "shop in the building" but mostly through other bakery stores in town and "this part of the state." Advertisements (Fig. 8) claimed bakery items from Union 36 Abstract of Titre for Lot 7, Block 68, Iowa City Original Town plat (building owner's collection). " Hummer's mercantile company was not formally incorporated until 1904, based on records held in the Johnson County Recorders office. 30 Offer of stock by the Geo. Hummer Mercantile Co., Daily Iowa State Press, 5/20/1899. 39 Information obtained from Marlin R. Ingalls, author of Iowa Site Inventory Form #52-017523, in progress, on the Iowa City Mills building. 40 The growing complexity of American business organizations and the expansion of ways one might own a stake in a business are hallmarks of the late 19a' century. See generally Alan Trachtenberg, The Incorporation ofAmeriea: Culture and Society in the GildedAge (New York: Hill and Wang, 1982) and Oliver Zunz, MakngAmeriea Corporate, 1S70-1920 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990). NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) .�� I:nrl`nrzQm>v1a United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section 8 Page 16 Union Bakery name of property Johnson County. Iowa county and state HE CIDB611 HINIIER WAME (40 WHOLESALE GROCERS AM i)Qlen in I-1"e. re.ls. In,,v j� `Iorelti�and Ngiko OUR LGxItINtj bIPWALYY thQUEEN OV IO A" FLOUR airw't am Court c&rw64lha Aldan La&µ 18Yaul?, iowm h-c Hummer Mill Company GtTAeri vn0 C.gmf 9tt m l Km& d1Y. PW A Dogs � RIF Buaswess *QUEEN of [O A," sfld "SUPERIOR" TrF •tidcIL of -<)u at Luxe ThB UNION BAKERYCO* NPAFI 3 ET AM D UN N ST-I EEi v. r41M4 CATY. 10" .--1}ajres ttw hest quali[ti vf— Bread, Bum, jkcAfls. Pigs, Cakes, Ef- L`+sey Any ae Aale at nmkwy, � mmrkcranA Lbw St =Kd14w at Mt twt of the Rrtce*] aLwr 6 Ln thcclb and wllblll 111ty mllta near L Figure 8 The Hummer operation placed this full page ad in the local newspaper during the summer of 1908 in order to reinforce the public's knowledge of the businesses' relationship as well as promote their individual products. Iowa City Citizen, 7/27/1908. Bakery were sold within a 50 mile territory.41 Hummer maintained a corps of traveling salesmen for the grocery business who "were constantly on the road," and these men undoubtedly helped expand the Union Bakery's territory as well 42 With Hummer's death in late 1912, the business structure he created seems to have dissolved, even though its corporate entities did not depend on the guiding hand of the founder. Starting in early 1913, the Union Bakery property was sold to a 4' Advertisement, Iowa City Citizen, 7/27/1908. A fifty mile radius would put Union Bakery's goods south to Mount Pleasant, west nearly to Grinnell, east to 20 miles short of the Mississippi River, and north nearly to Manchester, Iowa. It is unlikely there was a strong market north of town, simply because of the presence of a much larger city, Cedar Rapids. 42 Iowa City Citizen, 4/29/1908. Additional information about Hummer is found in the Iowa Site Inventory Form attached to the Iowa City local landmark application and designation completed on the building in 2014 (under the name `Bashnagel, Alois, Bakery; ISIF#52-02166). NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) .�� rnrsnrzQm>r[a United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section 8 Page 17 Union Bakery name of property Johnson County. Iowa county and state series of new owners. In 1921 Gust Rejos, a Greek immigrant and self-employed merchant from Cedar Falls purchased it. His wife, Rose Rejos, managed their new Iowa City building as the "Central Cafe and Hotel."' In 1925, Central Hotel newspaper advertisements boasted of "remodeled and redecorated" rooms for rent, including "housekeeping" rooms, while the "dining room" continued to be open to the public. Gust died in 1926 and Rose in 1963, having sold the building to Don C. Alberhasky in 1946.44 Alberhasky was a tavern owner who left a historical record of contentious relations during the 1940s with city officials over beer permits, the city's refusal to reissue them, and Alberhasky's refusal to stop selling beer despite the fact 45 In 1951, Alberhasky converted his tavern in the Union Bakery, which he called Don's Central Tap, to a Gambles franchise store that sold auto supplies and hardware (Fig. 9).46 Alberhasky apparently had good relations with other local business operators because at the same time he gave up his beer permit, he was congratulated on his new venture —quite publically—by his northside neighbors (Figs. 10-11). Perhaps all concerned were simply hoping for a quieter corner at the intersection of Linn and Market. By the 1980s, the building was the subject of a contract sale between Alberhasky and a local developer 47 The retail space on the lower floor was occupied by Sutton's Radio and TV, one of the businesses that had placed a congratulatory ad in the paper in 1951. '�Q—Loren (9tg PressCilizen—tfied., Oetohrr 81, 19i1 New Stare Will Open Thursday I h AIheMuslV will opm a am ramble Start Mx at =-°hi North f mn at[aeL Tharofty at 6 a. r¢, a,drs h1S aulM1os3xed dealer fnnrhisn. Th. et6[t ftUp, a 3.IDO oWurn fort of hoar spate. N'ar, mxp o£ veldh'.d mrt AMJJphl SW allto6, Flaormmn[ 96htin6 K uicd thrw[0eat. ThS Gamble Store alll handle h.wlio . 1WAdllla. e4etrleal appllaore; note oe¢ess[�ra, hmSna'ar¢s, pyat, SPOT" WS am la,'; Mr. 1lheciaWr opanted hh C®hw Tap Bert far the pmt It Fn[s aL the a+s[e 1_t m leaf of the. item. Figure 9 The new Gamble store opened in the Union Bakery's ground floor carried a variety of retail goods, from furniture to auto accessories. The finishes mentioned in the caption are no longer present. Iowa City Press -Citizen, October 31, 1951. 41 Johnson County Recorder, Deed Transfer book I; Smith's Directory of Iowa City, 1921. 1926; Advertisement and classified ads, Iowa City Press Citizen, 11/22, 11/25/1924, and 3/3, 4/29/1925. ' Findagrave Index, available on Ancestry.com and accessed on 5/7/2015; Johnson County Recorder, Deed Transfer book 1. 45 See for example, Iowa City Press -Citizen, 9/29/1939, 4/23/1940, and 11/26/1940. 46 ,Will Convert Tavern to New Gamble Store." Iowa City Press -Citizen, 8/14/1951. 4' Iowa Site Inventory form #52-02160. This site inventory form, authored by James E. Jacobsen, is undated but likely is from the early 1980s, when the State Historic Preservation Office was still located in Iowa City. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section 8 Page 18 PEARSON1 DRUG STORE "The Hub of fhe Near Norfh Side" Mr. Don Aiberhmir, CID Gambles New Sfax, Corner Linn and MackL pear Dos: Congratulations sad Beat Fisbeo on the opening of your bvsutiful aew akra. We am proud of this addition to our line near north aide and happy to haven army that we are =e v% be operated in the fine manner which we ]mow both 3w and the G&Mhle orgaairatioa sea accustomed. See you tomorrow, PAT P13AA90N Union Bakery name of property Johnson County. Iowa county and state III Congratulations and Good Luck to you, Don, in your new Gamble Store! SUTI ONrs iE EIVISION 331 E. Market Phone 2239 Figures 10 & 11 Two of a dozen or so congratulatory ads placed in the Iowa City Press -Citizen on October 31, 1951. Pat Pearson operated Pearson's Drug Store directly across Linn Street to the east. This Midcentury building is now used as a drive -up bank. Sutton's would later relocate to the Union Bakery building in place of Gambles (1980s). Union Bakery as an Uncommon Surviving Iowa City Property Type The Union Bakery building has additional significance as a representative of a dwindling Iowa City commercial property type, the large and free-standing commercial block from the latter half of the 19`h century. And while it mildly reflects the influence of the Greek Revival style popular in the Midwest at the time of its c. 1862 construction, it is primarily a utilitarian vernacular building.48 Its contemporaries discussed below also are generally vernacular or, at best, mildly influenced by various architectural styles. Elements of the Greek Revival style seen in Union Bakery include the raised foundation and 48 Criterion C status is not based on the Union Bakery's references to Greek Revival architecture, though many mid-19a' century Iowa City buildings including the important capitol buildingweredesigned to a greater or lesser degree in the Greek Revival style. Many early residences especially reflected this style. A good reference for this residential construction is Margaret N. Keyes, Nineteenth Century Home Architecture oft wa City (1966). Additionally, the widely available 1854 Millar map of Iowa City bears images of at least three churches and a "female college" that clearly reflect the Greek Revival style, variously featuring temple -front porticos and tympanums, dentils, and fluted columns with Doric or Ionic capitals. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) .�i.rnrsnrzQmy[a United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section 8 Page 19 Union Bakery name of property Johnson County. Iowa county and state stone water table, the first story pilasters that terminate in flat capitals and a shared beltcourse, and the roofline "mousetooth" detail that may reference dentils. The flat, stone fenestration lintels are likely more a functional than stylistic choice, but they are also consistent with vernacular Greek Revival buildings. Comparable Buildings within the Property Type Category: The number of these multi -story commercial buildings of the scale seen in Union Bakery that survive today is exceedingly small. Within the northside commercial district —or the "near north side" there remains the Union Bakery and the lone surviving brewery building, Union Brewery. Around the block to the southwest is Park House (Figs. 12-13), and, lastly, a block to the north is Slezak Hall, built in 1875 (Figs. 14-15). While Park House's exterior lacks original styling, its interior apparently shows some Greek Revival influence as noted in its National Register nomination: The Park House is one of Iowa Cityrs:few remaining conmlercial buildings which date from the city's period as the state capital:,: It is we11-proportioned, with vestiges of the Greek Revival still seen in the woodwork of the front hail. Figure 12 Park House hotel as depicted in the 1854 J.H. .+U-- Millar map of "Iowa City and its Environs." The 1111*_ ". illustration was by George H. Yewell, a professionally trained artist noted for his portraits of men who were �' important to Iowa history. Yewell described this 1854 work as: "My first commission was to make a series of _ vignette drawings of buildings, residences and street view of the town, to grace the margin of a new map of Iowa City." 49 Yewell's drawings are important evidence of these buildings' appearance but may not be entirely accurate.36 Figure 13 Park House in 2009. According to its National Register nomination, the mansard roof (suggesting the Second Empire style) was added around 1875. Photo by William E. Whittaker and used with permission. 49 Oneita Fisher, The Journals of George Henry Yewell (1966), available and accessed on at 5/27/2015 at: http://www.lib.uiowa.edu/scua/bai/fisher.htm. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) .�i.rnrsnrzQm>r[a United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section 8 Page 20 Union Bakery name of property Johnson County. Iowa county and state Slezak Hall (Figs. 14-15) is a U-shaped red -brick complex of attached buildings that, at least in 1883, housed a grocery store, saloon, dining hall, carriage house, and a stable and feed storage. The upper floors had a large (commercial?) laundry, sleeping rooms, and the hall with a stage 50 Figure 14 All components of the Slezak Hall complex are present and relatively intact today. Based on the 1883 Sanborn map, Slezak Hall was in the 2oa floor of the portion marked "a." Downstairs, two grocery stores were located in the front now occupied by the pizza restaurant Behind these operations was a saloon and behind that (going deeper into the center of the image) a parlor/dining room with a stairway to the upstairs rooms of the "b" building. The ground floor of "b" appears to have been used as rental rooms as well. The middle section marked "c" was a carriage house on ground floor, a laundry on the 2"a, and sleeping rooms on the 3rd. Finally, the building marked "d" was a stable and feed building. Image looking northwest is from Google.com on June 9, 2015. Figure 15 This view shows the opposite side of Slezak Hall's midsection (labeled B above), looking southeast. The window hoods and bracket cornice suggests the Italianate style. '0 The date of Slezak Hall (aka National Hall) is from the Iowa City Assessor; functions are taken from the 1883 Smbom insurance map. This building is a good candidate to be designated a local landmark and listed in the National Register nomination. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) .�i.rnrsnrzQm>r[a United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section 8 Page 21 Union Bakery name of property Johnson County. Iowa county and state The southside commercial corridor51 that developed along Gilbert Street (Fig. 16) once sported several blocks of commercial firms. Represented on the 1883 Sanborn were the Sheets, Getsburg & Co. planning mill (employing 30); the Long & Graham machining firm (8 employees); the Bahur & Reba broom factory (also 8 employees); the aforementioned Iowa City Mills (6 employees); New Method Heater Co.; N.H. Tulloss [sic] & Co., foundry and machine shop; and the M.T. Close & Co. linseed oil works (employing 30). Until the late 1970s, the planning mill building survived and until just a few years ago r-1� C [Ai MWPF-91?-�35`1 E-1-1-F � II - 1-,1-I*�I'"W" IOIYR ❑ [Ir aw.AgiwSTdN T � w a N y snes��Nafdv i� .ee [i .,s �Y f ffl��ll a Figure 16 Index map from the 1883 Sanborn fire insurance (no scale). The red star denotes the location of Union Bakery, within its northside commercial neighborhood (the breweries are noted on the map). The area by blue is downtown with the nearby location of the original capitol building (now called Old Capitol) marked yellow highlighter over the large "3." South of the capitol is the Johnson County court house "square," while the southside commercial corridor is due east of it by 3 or 4 blocks. Note the two railroad lines, one of which crosses directly through the Gilbert Street corridor. " Other W-century commercial or industrial districts existed also, however there appears to be no extant property types remainingin these areas (though a complete study of these areas was not conducted for this nomination). This includes firms such as the American Glucose Co., located closer to the east bank of the Iowa River south of the capitol site, and the south edge of town where the Iowa City Packing House was once (1883 Smbom). NPS Form 10-900-a (8-e6) .�i.rnrsnrzQmy[a United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section 8 Page 22 Union Bakery name of property Johnson County. Iowa county and state much of the linseed oil factory still existed. Now all are gone with the exception of the Iowa City Mills building (Fig. 17, later the George Hummer Mills), the iron works building of the New Method Heater Co. (used by George Hummer Mercantile Co. as a grocery warehouse; now housing a tavern); and the flax seed warehouse of the Close linseed oil factory (Fig. 18, most recently occupied by a restaurant). Figure 17 The Iowa City Mills building is severely plain and utilitarian in form. The only decorative detail is found at the facade's roofline where there is a narrow band of brick corbelling. The building now houses a law firm on the ground floor and probably student apartments on the upper levels. Image looks northwest Court Street is to the bottom of the image; Gilbert Street just off camera to the right Figure 18 This building is the sole surviving building of the M.T. Close & Co. linseed oil works (though the factory owner's residence is extant across the street) and functioned as a warehouse. The top floor, denoted by the darker brick color, was added in recent years. Image looks northwest and is from Google.maps on 7/1/2015. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) .�i.rnrsnrzQmy[a United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section 8 Page 23 Conclusion Union Bakery name of property Johnson County. Iowa county and state These two examples of early Iowa City commercial neighborhoods outside the downtown retail districtthenorthside and southside areas are not exhaustive and no survey of the town specifically for this property type has been completed. However, the Iowa State Historic Preservation Officer keeps a data base of the state's historic architecture and this data base was reviewed for Iowa City buildings constructed between 1839 and 1880, excluding downtown retail buildings. Further a local researcher who studies the city's architecture was consulted as well. No additional buildings comparable to the Union Bakery's size, scale, and historic function were identified through these sources. Union Bakery, therefore, represents a type of 19" century building that has survived the changing needs and populations of the neighborhood and city in which it is located. It reflects a nuanced historical story of business creation and growth over time, of ethnic and philosophical differences between different groups of Iowa City residents, and of the adaptability of historic buildings to new uses so long as the local economy remains robust. Future Plans Union Bakery will continue in its present capacity, as a commercial operation of some sort on the ground floor (currently a newly opened restaurant) and lodging primarily for students on the upper two floors. There are no plans to change these functions. In 2014, the Iowa City Historic Preservation Commission, Planning and Zoning Commission, and the City Council awarded the building local landmark status. This nomination is not associated with any application for historic preservation tax credits. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section 9 Page 24 9. Major Bibliographic References OMB No. 1024-0018 Union Bakery name of property Johnson County. Iowa county and state Abstract of Title for Lot 7, Block 68, Iowa City Original Town plat (building owner's collection). "Among Iowa City Industries," Iowa City Citizen, 4/29/1908. Advertisement, Iowa City Citizen, 7/27/1908. Advertisement and classified ads, Iowa City Press Citizen, 11/22, 11/25/1924, and 3/3, 4/29/1925. "Articles of Incorporation of The Geo. Hummer Mercantile Company (1904), retyped in "Certificate of Renewal of Corporate Charter of George Hummer Mercantile Company (1924), located in Johnson County Recorder, Miscellaneous Records, Book 128, page 445. A.T. Andreas' Illustrated Historical Atlas of the State oflawa, 1875; reprinted in 1970. Reprint used. Aumer, Clarence Ray. Leading Events in Johnson County, Iowa History. Cedar Rapids, Iowa: Western Historical Press, 1912. Calvin, Samuel. "Geology of Johnson County." Iowa Geological Survey Annual Report. Vol. 7. 1896. Daily Iowa State Press, 5/20/1899. "Find a Grave Index," accessed on Ancestry.com on 5/7/2015. "F.P. Burkley Dead," Iowa City Citizen, 12/21/1908. Ingalls, Marlin R. "Iowa City Mills" building. Iowa Site Inventory Form #52-017523, in progress. Multiple email communications with author, April and May, 2015. The Iowa City Citizen, 4/29/1908; 10/15/1910. Iowa City Press -Citizen, 9/29/1939; 4/23, 11/26/1940; 2/22/1941. Iowa Official Register, "Articles of Incorporation Filed." Des Moines: Secretary of State, 1900. [Jacobsen, James E.] Alois Bashnagel Bakery, Iowa Site Inventory form #52-02160. [no date but early 1980s] Johnson County Recorder, Mortgage Index Book 1 (1840-1872). Johnson County Recorder's Office, Transfer Book 1. Keyes, Margaret N. Old Capitol: Portrait of an Iowa Landmark. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 1988. N.A. [but George Thacher]. Report of the State University oflawa. Des Moines: G.W. Edwards, State Printer, 1872. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section 9 Page 25 OMB No. 1024-0018 Union Bakery name of property Johnson County. Iowa county and state N.A. History ofJohnson County, Iowa 1836-1882. Iowa City: n.publ., 1883. Page, William, and James E. Jacobsen. Union Brewery National Register nomination form, 1986. Persons, Stow. The University oflowa in the Twentieth Century, An Institutional History. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 1990. Population data. Available at www.iowadatacenter.org/achive/2011/02/citypop.pdf accessed on 5/28/2015. Rogers, Leah D. "'It Was Some Brewery:' Data Recovery of the City Brewery Site..." Prepared by Leah D. Rogers for the Des Moines (Iowa) Transit Authority, 1996. Shambaugh, Benjamin F. The Old Stone Capitol Remembers. Iowa City: State Historical Society of Iowa, 1939. Smith's Directory of Iowa City, 1921. 1926. Trachtenberg, Alan. The Incorporation of-4merica: Culture and Society in the Gilded-4ge. New York: Hill and Wang, 1982. "Transfers of Johnson County Real Estate," Daily Iowa State Press, 8/24/1899. U.S. manuscript censuses, 1870 and 1880, 1990. Accessed on 5/7/2015 at Ancestry.com. U.S. IRS Tax Assessment Lists, 1862-1918; accessed at Ancestry.com on 5/7/2015. Wilk, Valerie A. Park House Hotel National Register nomination form, 1978. "Will Convert Tavern to New Gamble Store." Iowa City Press -Citizen, 8/14/1951. Zunz, Oliver. Making America Corporate, 1870-1920. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section 10 Page 26 10. Geographical Data Verbal Boundary Description OMB No. 1024-0018 Union Bakery name of property Johnson County. Iowa county and state The nomination includes the southeast corner portion of Lot 8, Block 68, Original Town plat that is fully occupied by the Union Bakery building, measuring 50' along North Linn Street, by 80' along East Market Street. The nomination does not include the public sidewalks along either street, or the 10' wide alley on the west side of the building. Boundary Justification The boundary includes the parcel historically associated with the Union Bakery during the period of significance. �,.- - r ,Q au X eo et nrr a F'�S9 K EY la e m Eivawv 3T 314' AV gyp' •V Iowa City city assessor, 2014 E KORKI r5 N I No scale NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section Additional Documentation Page 27 OMB No. 1024-0018 Union Bakery name of property Johnson County. Iowa county and state Iowa City, Johnson County, Iowa, with approximate location of the nominated property circled. (detail obtained 6/11/2015 from U.S.G.S., Iowa City West, 7.5' topographic map: http://ortho.gis.iastate.edu) 0 _ _500m 1km 2km 0 2,000R. 1mi N a 1 `f� s NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section Additional Documentation Page 28 A OMB No. 1024-0018 Union Bakery name of property Johnson County, Iowa county and state Site Plan showing Boundary of Nominated Property Iowa City city assessor, 2015 i R 3 80 ft. n JE. Market Street N^ i J 'A`•�' Linn Street la" i 6 NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section Additional Documentation Page 29 OMB No. 1024-0018 Union Bakery name of property Johnson County. Iowa county and state Photo Key for Exterior Views and First Floor Plan Property Owner's Collection Ei ]yMARKF7 STREET x.n :sei MAIN FLOOR PLAN N^ No Scale P NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section Additional Documentation Page 30 Photo Key and Basement Plan Modified from first floor plan in Property Owner's Collection OMB No. 1024-0018 Union Bakery name of property Johnson County, Iowa county and state N^ No Scale NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section Additional Documentation Page 31 OMB No. 1024-0018 Union Bakery name of property Johnson County. Iowa county and state Photo Key and 2ntl Floor Plan N^ no scale Sketched in 1982 by Judy Hoard for Sutton's TV, no access to rooms in 2015 but property manager verified continued accuracy of basic plan. q vs. 3 b 1 Caw, as Y.ldC 'ti Q + a4 NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section Additional Documentation Page 32 Photo Key and 3rd Floor Plan OMB No. 1024-0018 Union Bakery name of property Johnson County. Iowa county and state N^ no scale Sketched in 1982 by Judy Hoard for Sutton's TV, no access to rooms in 2015 but property manager verified continued accuracy of basic plan. iv ��n 3 6 �zlrxn �� ��6n-1 3 `♦ Q�4+� 3.3 V.s:.n ',� 2. Vn-Ptr+i 31 tf--qp- /�o-�.. f 111 - attic 12 —� - �' e 1 19 39 vwm`t0 (a_esr °FfBe-� `i'i �r aen�v3 `a'-� 3S - ...... _ NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section Additional Documentation Page 33 OMB No. 1024-0018 Union Bakery name of property Johnson County, Iowa county and state Photograph Label Information ## 1, 2, 3, 4 & 5 share the same information as follows: 1. Union Bakery 2. Iowa City, Johnson County, IA 3. Tallgrass Historians L.C. 4. May 2015 5. N/A (digital photographs) 6.- 7. Photo # and direction camera is facing: 1. Streetscape, facing S 2. Streetscape, facing SW 3. Exterior, east fapade of building, facing W 4. Exterior, south side and east fapade of building, facing NW 5. Exterior, south side of building, facing NW 6. Exterior, west end and south side of building, facing NE 7. Exterior, north side of building, facing SE 8. Interior, second floor, 1893 hall, facing E 9. Interior, second floor, door with 1893 wood trim, facing SW 10. Interior, third floor, c.1862 hall, facing E 11. Interior, attic, S-shaped anchor bolt, c.1862 north wall (formerly an exterior wall) 12. Interior, attic, view of 1893 roof structure attached to c. 1862 roof overhang (center to lower right, facing E 13. Interior, first floor, restaurant, facing NW 14. Interior, basement, c.1862 stone foundation wall, with access opening, looking into1893 bay, facing NE NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section Additional Documentation Page 34 OMB No. 1024-0018 Union Bakery name of property Johnson County, Iowa county and state Sanborn Map Co., fire insurance map of Iowa City, 1883. No scale. sc'r resr N 3. r F � !Y N Mr •1 wu FYI IN l I wa. i4 - - .F 5' � _ •_-TRW--• Y1 •1 fl r. y i r • n. 14.v 4 S �� � •.b, /TYB?F !wn y. I rwr ��.rw. wr.s At+k �wr nii �.a write M AI NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section Additional Documentation Page 35 OMB No. 1024-0018 Union Bakery name of property Johnson County, Iowa county and state Sanborn Map Co., fire insurance map of Iowa City, 1888. No scale. � 1 V. •�Iaa T MARKET sera � rM NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section Additional Documentation Page 36 OMB No. 1024-0018 Union Bakery name of property Johnson County, Iowa county and state Sanborn Map Co., fire insurance map of Iowa City, 1892. No scale. YF _."• Yam_ �J!� I J'V .P3 _ 4iV .rr .q+ -rs_ 4 fb_1_�_ ' 1 • • a h -F NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section Additional Documentation Page 37 OMB No. 1024-0018 Union Bakery name of property Johnson County, Iowa county and state Sanborn fire insurance map of Iowa City, 1899 (Sanborns in 1906, 1912, and 1920 shown no changes from this 1899 image). No scale. NPS Form 10-900-a OMB No. 1024-0018 (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service Union Bakery name of property NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Johnson County. Iowa county and state Section Additional Documentation Page 38 Detail of Birdse a Map of Iowa City, 1868. No scale. �� North t� t a k:w ta Y --■off. i �• -� ., ;{ � Ld =t .,� u rt * • ' aft 1 Y4 9 4. ■ F y f• �!�" .f l v Enlargement of Union Bakery building DRAFT Phase I Intensive Historic Architectural Survey of the Sabin School and Southside Iowa City Neighborhood, Johnson County, Iowa By Richard J. Carlson and Marlin R. Ingalls Melody Pope and Stephen C. Lensink Co -Principal Investigators Technical Report 121 Office of the State Archaeologist The University of Iowa Iowa City 2015 O3ATochnical Repodl2l Table Contents of Abstract ^,^,~^^,^__.................. ,,~^,_,^—`~^~~^—^—~^'—^~—~~~~~—~~^—~—^~l Introduction....................................................... ................................................ ...... ...................... l Project Area Description —.~~.—..--..-................................................................ Historic Architectural Assessment ............................. ................................................... ................. 3 Me8u)ds............... ................... ..................................................... ....................................... 2 800thmidc Neighborhood Historic Context ......... .......................................................... ............. 4 Overview..................................................................................................................................... 4 HistoricContexts .............. ........................................................................................................ 5 Residential Architecture .................................................................................... ........ .,............ V Iowa City Architects, Builders and Precut Houses ....................... ........... .................. ............. l6 Summary and Recommendations ............. ........... ........................................................................ 2o Snothside Neighborhood Phase lIntensive Survey Results .................................. ....... ........... 2A ReferencesCited ..................................................................................................................... ...... 24 Appendix 1:Historical Architectural Data Base Form No. 52-l77....................... ....................... }7 Appendix II:Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Historic District NBJ}PNomination ................. 39 Appendix III: Iowa Site Inventory Forms .......................... ................................................. ......... 4l iii OSA Technical Report 121 Figures Figure 1. Location of Southside Neighborhood survey area, Iowa City, Iowa ..........................28 Figure 2. Location of sites recorded in Southside Neighborhood survey area ..........................29 Figure 3. Aerial view of Southside Neighborhood survey area, Iowa City, Iowa......................30 Figure 4. Survey area overlain on 1868 bird's-eye view map; detail of 1868 map..................31 Figure 5. Views of Clinton Street and Gilbert Street neighborhoods from 1868 map..............32 Figure 6. Maps of 600 block of S. Dubuque Street in 1868 and 1906........................................33 Figure 7. 1912 map of Van Buren, Johnson and Bowery Street area..........................................34 Figure 8. Hummer Mill and Hummer Mercantile Company Building on 1906 map.................35 Figure 9. Location of possible Gifford Flats Historic District shown on 1933 map.................36 Tables Table 1. Gilbert Street and Maiden Lane Manufacturing Companies, 1883-1906....................7 Table 2. Southside Neighborhood Architectural Styles................................................................10 Table 3. NRHP Evaluations, Sites in Proposed Historic District, Previously Surveyed Sites.....21 Abstract The Office of the State Archaeologist (OSA) at the University of Iowa conducted a Phase I intensive level historic architectural survey of the Southside Neighborhood in Iowa City, Iowa, as part of the mitigation for the planned removal of the Henry Sabin School in Iowa City, which has been evaluated as eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). The survey was conducted under the terms of a Memorandum of Agreement among the Federal Emergency Management Agency, the State Historical Society of Iowa, the Iowa Homeland Security & Emergency Management Department, the University of Iowa, the Office of the State Archaeologist, and the City oflowa City, regarding the permanent relocation of the University of Iowa's School of Music building. This investigation resulted in the recordation of 38 historic architectural sites. These are 52-01074, 52-01573, 52-01753, 52-01754, 51-02155, 52-02157, 52- 05052, 52-05284, 52-05291, 52-05294, 52-05295, and 52-05297-52-05323. Under NRHP Criterion A 10 sites (52-01753, 52-01754, 52-02157, 52-05052, 52-05284, 52-05291, 52-05300, 52-05310, 52-05311, and 52-05318) were found eligible. Under Criterion B only one site (52- 05284) was found eligible. Under Criterion C 24 sites (52-01074, 52-01753, 52-01754, 52-02155, 52-01157, 52-05052, 52-05291, 52-05294, 52-05295, 52-05298, 52-05300, 52-05301, 52-05304, 52-05305, 52-05306, 52-05310, 52-05311, 52-05313, 52-05315, 52-05316, 52-05318, 52-05319, 52-05322, and 52-05323) were found eligible either individually or as contributing resources in the proposed Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Historic District. More research is recommended on an additional nine properties (52-01573, 52-05299, 52-05302, 52-05303, 52-05307, 52-05309, 52-05312, 52-05320, and 52-05321) that do not appear clearly to meet NRHP eligibility requirements, but which may turn out to be eligible if their period integrity is improved or their historic context is better understood Finally, the information gathered in the survey indicates that a NRHP-eligible historic district is present in the area centered on the 600 block of S. Clinton Street and a former railroad depot nearby. A NRHP registration form for this proposed district, identified here as the Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Historic District, is included in this report as an appendix. Introduction The Office of the State Archaeologist (OSA) at the University of Iowa has prepared this report under the terms of a Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) among the Federal Emergency Management Agency, the State Historical Society of Iowa, the Iowa Homeland Security 8c Emergency Management Department, the University of Iowa, the Office of the State Archaeologist, and the City of Iowa City, regarding the permanent relocation of the University of Iowa's School of Music building. This report records the results of a Phase I intensive historic architectural survey of the Southside Neighborhood of Iowa City, Iowa, conducted as part of the mitigation for the planned removal of the Henry Sabin School in Iowa City, evaluated as eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). The project area is situated on the south side of Iowa City (Figures 1-3). As specified in Section I.A. of the MOA, the report includes an intensive survey of the Southside Neighborhood, a completed NRIlP nomination form for the proposed Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Historic District, and Iowa Site Inventory forms for all individually NRHP-eligible properties in the survey area as well as for all contributing resources in the proposed historic district. The Phase I historic architectural survey was conducted by Richard Carlson and Marlin Ingalls, architectural historians, and Maria Schroeder, assistant architectural historian. Melody Pope served as project director. The OSA is solely responsible for the interpretations and recommendations contained in this report. All records including maps and figures are curated in the OSA Archives. The Historical Architectural OSA Technical Report 121 Data Base form (52-177) is included as Appendix I. The NRHP nomination of the proposed Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Historic District is included as Appendix II. Supplemental Iowa Site Inventory forms for sites 52-01074, 52-01573, 52-01753, 52-01754, 52-02155, 52-02157, 52-05052, and 52-05284, and new Iowa Site Inventory forms for sites 52-05291, 52-05294, 52-05295, and 52-05297-52-05323 are included as Appendix III. Project Area Description The survey area is situated south and southeast of downtown Iowa City (Figures 1-3, 4:top). For the purpose of the present report the survey area is referred to as the Southside Neighborhood. The project boundaries consist of the alley north of Court Street to the north, the alley east of S. Johnson Street to the east, the alley west of S. Capitol Street to the west, and the former Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railroad tracks (currently operated by the Cedar Rapids and Iowa City [CRANDIC] Railway Company) to the south. Following local usage, the area directly south of the downtown, bounded roughly by Burlington Street on the north, the Iowa River on the west, Linn Street on the east, and the railroad tracks on the south, is referred to below as the Near Southside Neighborhood. A single property located outside but near the survey area —the Tate Arms building at 914 S. Dubuque Street, located a block and a half south of the railroad tracks (site 52-05284)—was also included in the survey to provide the City of Iowa City with more information about this important local landmark. The survey area can be divided into three subareas with separate historic contexts. Furthest west is the Near Southside Neighborhood, with the boundaries described above. This area includes the proposed Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Historic District, located primarily along the 600 block of S. Clinton Street and the 100 block of Wright Street. This subarea is located almost entirely within the County Seat Addition to Iowa City, platted as the city's second addition in 1841. Historically this area was almost exclusively residential, aside from a limited amount of commercial development in the immediate vicinity of the 1898 railroad depot. This area now contains primarily county, state and federal government buildings, law offices, and student housing. Adjacent to the Near Southside Neighborhood on the east is the Gilbert Street and Maiden Lane commercial and industrial corridor, which extends along those two streets from Burlington Street on the north to the railroad tracks on the south. This commercial and industrial corridor was home to many of Iowa City's industries from the mid -nineteenth century to the mid -twentieth century, as well as some commercial and warehouse buildings. Farthest east in the survey area is another predominantly residential area, located east of Gilbert Street and located almost entirely on land subdivided into building lots by E. C. Lyon in 1854 and 1856. The lots laid out by Lyon were located within a few blocks of Iowa City's original railroad passenger depot, built in about 1855 and located at the intersection of the railroad tracks with S. Johnson Street. This neighborhood contains some early residences built in the vicinity of the original depot, as well as a possible Gifford Flats Historic District located in the 300 block of S. Johnson Street. The residential buildings in this small possible district were built between 1904 and 1926. Six individual properties within the survey area have been previously listed in the NRHP. The five properties that remain listed are the Bowery Street Grocery Store at 518 Bowery Street (NRHP 2014), the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railroad Passenger Station on Wright Street (NRHP 1982), the Close House at 538 S. Gilbert Street (NRHP 1974), the Hawthorne Glove and Novelty Company-Shrader Glove Company Building at 529 S. Gilbert Street (NRHP 2014), and the Johnson County Court House in the block bounded by E. Court, S. Clinton, S. Capitol and E. Harrison streets (NRHP 1975). All of these buildings were field checked during the present survey and were found to retain the qualities that make them eligible for NRHP listing. Because the NRHP eligibility of these five buildings remains unchanged from the time they were listed, no supplemental Iowa Site Inventory Form was prepared for any of these OSA Technical Report 121 properties. A sixth building, the M. T. Close and Company Flaxseed Warehouse at 521 S. Gilbert Street, originally listed in 1984, was delisted in 1995 as a result of changes made to the building that significantly compromised its period integrity. This building remains ineligible for NRHP listing. Historic Architectural Assessment METHODS Both before and during the field investigation, historical research on the Southside Neighborhood and on specific buildings in that neighborhood was conducted at the State Historical Society of Iowa and the University of Iowa Libraries, both in Iowa City. Additional sources consulted online included historic newspapers available on the NewspaperARCHIVE.com subscription database, and historic and modern aerial photographs available on the Iowa Geographic Map Server. Deed research in the Johnson County, Iowa, Recorder's Office was conducted on most of the properties in the survey area for which Iowa Site Inventory forms were prepared to help identify dates of construction and original owners. Extensive use was also made of a database of references to residential construction in Iowa City newspapers between 1897 and 1916 previously compiled by one of the report authors (Carlson 2002-2014). The results of the historical research were used to develop historic contexts for the neighborhood in which the NRHP eligibility of individual properties could be evaluated. Sources used in the research on the Southside Neighborhood's historic development included county and city histories (Anonymous 1973; Aumer 1912-1913; Weber 1976-1997); Johnson County land records available at the Auditor's and Recorder's offices in the Johnson County Administration Building in Iowa City, as well as Johnson County Assessor's records available online; and numerous other online sources. Online sources consulted included census records, city directories and other historical records available on Ancestry.com and FamilySearch.org; cemetery records available on FindAGrave.com; historic newspapers available on the NewspaperARCHWE.com subscription database; and historic books available on Google Books (https:Hbooks.goo leg com/). For the milling industry in Iowa and Iowa City, research was conducted using both statewide overviews (Ballard 1984; Merry 1989; Soike 1989) and local histories (Weber 1980, 1985b, 1987, 1990, 1992, 1997). Research on the historic architecture of Iowa City and the Southside Neighborhood was conducted in both local architectural histories (Carlson 2015; Keyes 1966, 1993; Lafore 1979; Langton 2014; Scott and Lehnertz 2008; Weber 1976-1997), national architectural histories (Gowans 1986, 1992; McAlester 1984; McKee 1995; Quad -City Times 2007; Reiff 2000; Simpson, et al. 1995; Wolicki 2002), and national pattern books (Aladdin Company 1920; George F. Barber and Co. 1893, 1895; Gordon -Van Tine Co. 1992; Home Builder's Catalog 1927; Radford 1906, 1911; Saxton 1914; Sears, Roebuck and Co. 1928). Numerous modern and historic plat maps, bird's-eye view maps, fire insurance maps and aerial photographs were also investigated prior to and dining the survey (Economy Advertising Co. 1917; Iowa Geographic Map Server 2015; Johnson County, Iowa, Assessor 2015; Sanborn -Perris Map Co. 1892, 1899; Sanborn Map Co. 1906-1948; Sanborn Map and Publishing Co. 1883, 1888; Ruger 1868). Finally, photographic collections in the State Historical Society of Iowa Library in Iowa City were consulted for historic images of the survey area. Two important collections that depict the Southside Neighborhood as it existed in the 1960s are the Mildred Mead Collection and the Oelung Photographic Collection (Mildred Mead Collection ca. 1960s; Oelung Photographic Collection 1960-1965). In addition to the five properties identified above as listed in the NRHP, another eight properties within the survey area were evaluated prior to the present survey and Iowa Site Inventory forms prepared for them. Some of these properties had been evaluated as early as the 1980s with the most recent in 2014. The previously surveyed properties are 52-01074 (Eugene and Olivia Paine House), 52-01573 (Hoffman Grocery), 52-01753 (Iowa City Mills/Hummer Mill), 52-01754 (George Hummer Mercantile Company 3 OSA Technical Report 121 Building), 52-02155 (Andrew and Sophia Karas House), 52-02157 (McConnell -Bristol House), 52-05052 (Hotel O'Reilly), and 52-05284 (Tate Arms). The Iowa Site Inventory forms for these eight previously surveyed sites (Anonymous ca. 1980s; Blair 2014; DHP Staff 1980; Jacobsen 1982; Moen 1986; Naumann 1990a, 1990b; Vaughan 1983) were updated as supplemental Iowa Site Inventory forms. The historic architectural fieldwork consisted of a windshield survey followed by a pedestrian survey of the study area to identify properties of architectural or historical interest based on the background research and a visual assessment of the properties. The fieldwork entailed taking notes and photographs of architectural and historical resources and other elements within the site boundaries. The survey was guided by Phase I standards for identification and evaluation, as defined by the Historic Preservation Program of the State Historical Society of Iowa (SHSI 2005). The significance of each property was evaluated within its historic context to evaluate its eligibility for NRHP listing (National Park Service 1997). As part of the terms of the Memorandum of Agreement guiding this project, special attention was paid to the 600 block of S. Clinton Street and adjacent areas to determine whether or not an NRHP-eligible historic district is present in this area. As a result of the present investigation, a historic district identified here as the Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Historic District was identified in this area. The district is focused primarily on the predominantly turn -of -the -twentieth-century middle class residential architecture of this area, but has as a secondary focus the 1898 Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railroad Passenger Station (also known as the Rock Island Depot) and two adjacent buildings that represent the same historic context of Iowa City's railroad history. Only one property within the proposed district had been evaluated previously: the 1898 passenger depot itself (NRHP 1982). Not all of the contributing buildings within this proposed district were assigned State Inventory numbers and written up in Iowa Site Inventory forms, but this was done for four of the contributing properties that appear most likely to be individually eligible for NRHP listing: 52-01074 (Paine House), 52-05052 (Hotel O'Reilly), 52-05294 (Lee House I), and 52- 05295 (Davis House). Other properties contributing to the historic district were not assigned State Inventory numbers. For a complete list of the properties in this proposed historic district, see the nomination form included here as Appendix II. Southside Neighborhood Historic Context OVERVIEW Iowa City was established in 1839 as the Iowa territorial capital, and a year later also became the county seat of Johnson County. The oldest part of the city is located on a low bluff lying east of the Iowa River and just south of a sharp curve in the river as it flows downstream from the northwest. The only other principal body of water in the original town is Ralston Creek, which flows in a southwesterly direction to join the Iowa River about a mile south of the downtown. The historical land uses in the older sections of the city are fairly sharply divided between the lowland areas of the Iowa River and Ralston Creek floodplains and the upland areas between those floodplains and east of Ralston Creek. The upland areas historically contained the government and state university buildings, central business district, and a variety of residential neighborhoods with a mix of working class and middle class housing. The floodplain was generally home to industrial buildings and lower -end rental housing. Although the Iowa River and Ralston Creek form the principal natural boundaries in the historic core of Iowa City, another boundary that has existed for most of the history of the city has been the alignment of the railroad known for most of the city's history as the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific. The tracks of this railroad were extended in 1855 to Iowa City, where they terminated at the original location of the railroad passenger and freight depots, about four blocks east of the location of the 1898 passenger depot that is included in the proposed Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Historic District. Within a few years E OSA Technical Report 121 after 1855, the tracks were extended west to cross the Iowa River south of downtown. In the Near Southside neighborhood, located in the blocks south of the central business district, the railroad extended across the southern tip of the upland area between the floodplains of the Iowa River and Ralston Creek. The areas north and south of the railroad tracks were therefore separated by both a natural topographic boundary and a man-made boundary. While some middle class housing was also built on the floodplain, particularly in the first decades of the twentieth century, the river bluff has historically formed both a natural boundary and a social demarcation line on the city's south side. With the exception of a few buildings in the Southside Neighborhood that have been listed in the NRHP or designated as local landmarks, the older buildings in this neighborhood are under constant threat of redevelopment. In the Near Southside neighborhood, at least seven older buildings were removed within the past year or are scheduled for removal in 2015. Several of these buildings have been evaluated as meeting the criteria for either NRHP listing or local landmark designation. These properties include the 1918 Henry Sabin School at 509 S. Dubuque Street, scheduled to be razed in 2015 as part of the same flood mitigation project for which the present report was prepared; a Foursquare house immediately south of the school at 118 E. Prentiss Street, demolished in 2014; and a row of primarily pre- 1875 residential buildings in the 600 block of S. Dubuque Street, three of which were demolished in 2014-2015 and the rest slated to be demolished soon. In the Dubuque Street and Maiden Lane Industrial Corridor, several older commercial and industrial buildings were removed within the past decade (2005- 2015), continuing a decades -long trend towards the replacement of buildings in this corridor. Moreover, both the Near Southside Neighborhood and the Dubuque Street and Maiden Lane Industrial Corridor are located entirely within a larger area designated by the City of Iowa City as the Riverfront Crossings District, in which the city actively encourages redevelopment. The third subarea, located east of Gilbert Street, is an older residential neighborhood now dominated by modern apartment buildings marketed primarily to university students. Older buildings in this area, too, have largely been replaced, and the remaining ones are under constant threat of demolition. HISTORIC CONTEXTS As noted above, the survey area can be divided into three basic subareas, each with its own historic context. These three subareas are described in greater detail below, together with a fourth historic context for flour milling in the Iowa City area. Near Southside Neighborhood The Near Southside Neighborhood is bounded roughly by Burlington Street on the north, the Iowa River on the west, Linn Street on the east, and the railroad tracks on the south. This neighborhood is located almost entirely within the County Seat Addition to Iowa City, platted in 1841. The northern edge of the neighborhood, in the block between Burlington Street and Court Street, is part of the Original Town, platted in 1839. These two plats were the first two subdivisions of Iowa City into building lots. Although this area was platted earlier than either of the other two subareas in the Southside Neighborhood, it is the only one of the three subareas that currently contains no building known to predate the Civil War. The oldest known buildings are located along the 600 block of S. Dubuque Street. Two extant buildings (604 and 620 S. Dubuque Street) appear to be the same buildings shown in these locations on the 1868 bird's-eye view map of Iowa City, and possibly predate the Civil War (Auger 1868). The building at 620 S. Dubuque Street was altered in the mid -twentieth century, however, and there is some question as to whether 604 S. Dubuque Street is the same building shown on the 1868 map; for more information, see the Iowa Site Inventory forms for sites 52-05299 and 52-05302. Three brick cottages on the same block of S. Dubuque Street built in the decade immediately following the Civil War were demolished in 2014-2015. 5 OSA Technical Report 121 Elsewhere in the Near Southside Neighborhood, the first generation of buildings has been entirely replaced by second generation buildings, built between the late nineteenth century and the mid -twentieth century, or by modern buildings (and their associated parking lots) built after World War H. With the exception of the buildings in the proposed Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Historic District, described below, the few surviving older buildings in this area have been altered extensively or survive as isolated buildings lacking the historical or architectural importance necessary to meet NRHP eligibility criteria. The only concentrations of historic buildings remaining in this area are in the 600 block of S. Clinton Street, the focus of the proposed Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Historic District, and the 600 block of S. Dubuque Street, which until recently contained several buildings predating 1875, most of which have been demolished within the past year or are scheduled for demolition in 2015. The Near Southside Neighborhood contains the proposed Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Historic District. The nominated district is located entirely on the upland area between the Iowa River and Ralston Creek floodplains. The nominated district includes the former Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railroad passenger depot located on Wright Street, built in 1898 and listed in the NRHP in 1982; a lunch room and hotel associated with the depot, built in 1899 and 1901, respectively; and a cluster of nearby residences built between about 1878 and 1915. South Clinton Street was one of Iowa City's more important residential streets in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. While the city's most expensive homes at this time were built on Summit Street, Brown Street and College Green, S. Clinton Street was a popular location for middle class architect -designed residences during this period. Gilbert Street and Maiden Lane Industrial Corridor. This industrial corridor is located primarily in the Ralston Creek valley. Although Gilbert Street is located along the bluff to the east of the creek, the buildings on the west side of Gilbert Street are located on a steep slope, and thus have first -story entrances on Gilbert Street and basement walkouts on the west side. This industrial corridor spans several different platted subdivisions. The west side of Maiden Lane is included in the County Seat Addition (platted in 184t) mentioned above. The west side of Gilbert Street between Burlington and Court streets was owned by Sylvanus Johnson beginning in 1842, but he only began selling off smaller building lots from the property starting in 1855. The Iowa City Mills (site 52- 01753) was built on this block in or shortly after 1856. Other subdivisions in this industrial corridor were Berryhill & Pierce's Addition (platted in 1854; located between Maiden Lane and Gilbert Street south of Court Street and the east side of Gilbert Street between Court Street and Ralston Creek); Lyon's 1st Addition (platted in 1854; located on the east side of Gilbert Street south of Ralston Creek); and Lyman Cook's Subdivision of Outlot 24 (platted in 1857; located on the east side of Gilbert Street between Burlington and Court streets). All of the subdivisions in this area were platted between 1854 and 1857, and in all cases the timing of the subdivision was probably influenced primarily by the construction of the railroad line to Iowa City, completed in 1855. All were platted close to the railroad mainline, and spur lines were soon extended up to the industries along this corridor. Industrial development in this area probably began in the mid- to late 1850s, and was well developed by the 1880s. The major industries located along this corridor in the 1880s included the C. D. Close & Co. Linseed Oil Works; Sheets, Gesberg & Co.'s Planing Mill; Iowa City Mills (site 52-01753); and N. H. Tulloss & Co.'s foundry and machine shop (Sanborn Map and Publishing Co. 1883:1, 18883, 6). Most of these nineteenth century industrial buildings are non -extant or heavily altered. In addition to the industrial and warehouse buildings, this area retained a few small houses to its south near the railroad viaduct, and well as the prominent Close House, a large Italianate house built for the owner of the linseed oil works across the street from his factory (NRHP 1974) (Figures 5, 6). Except for the Close House nearly all the residences along Gilbert Street have been replaced by apartment buildings. From the mid -nineteenth century to the mid -twentieth century, a number of companies large and small were located in this corridor and engaged in manufacturing for local and regional markets. The railroad 6i OSA Technical Report 121 had a separate line that ran into the area along Maiden Lane and then downtown, as well as a number of spurs lines to railroad repair and service related buildings, structures, and storage yards. Table 1 lists the larger industrial enterprises located within the S. Gilbert Street and Maiden Lane survey area, as shown on the 1883-1933 Sanborn fire insurance maps (Sanborn Map and Publishing Co. 1883, 1888; Sanborn - Perris Map Co. 1892, 1899; Sanborn Map Co. 1906-1933). Table 1: Gilbert Street and Maiden Lane Manufacturing Companies, 1883--1933.. Southeast corner of Gilbert and Sheets, Gesberg & Co. Planing Mill (1883-1888), Sheets & Co. Burlington streets Planing Mill (1892), Sheets & Freyder Planing Mill (1899), F. X. Freyder Planing Mill (1906-1933) 321-325 S. Gilbert Street Long & Graham machine shop (1883); R. Long Machine Shop and H. Dolshire Machine & Boiler Shop (1888), Hawkeye Foundry (1892), Dalschind & Schmidt Foundry & Machine Shop (1899), G. W. Schmidt Foundry & Machine Shop (1906), Iowa City Iron Works (1912-1933) Northwest comer of S. Gilbert Iowa City Mills (1883-1899), The Hummer Mill Co. (1906- and E. Court streets 1912), Katzenmeyer Bros. Flour & Feed (1920), Flour & Feed (1926-1933) S. Gilbert Street opposite Baur & Rehan Broom Factory (1883) intersection with Court Street 401-405 S. Gilbert Street New Method Heater Co. (1883) 411 S. Gilbert Street N. H. Tulloss & Co. Foundry & Machine Shop (1883-1888) 411 S. Gilbert Street (new E. J. Regan Wire Fence Factory (1892) building) 509-521 S.Gilbert Street M. T. Close Linseed Oil Works (1883), C. D. Close Linseed Oil Works (1888), The Close Linseed Oil Works (1892), H. H. Carson & Co. Grain Warehouse (1899) 509-519 S. Gilbert Street Lentz Van & Storage Co. (1906), Mercer Transfer Co. (1912), Thompson Transfer (1920), Warehouse (1926), household goods storage and transfer (1933) 521-525 S. Gilbert Street Central Manufacturing Co. (perfume and toilet articles) (1906- 1912), Wm. Maresh Sheet Metal Shop (1920), sheet metal shop and bottling works (1926-1933) 533 S. Gilbert Street Hawthorne Glove & Novelty Co. (1906), Shrader Drug Co. (manufacturer of stock powders or stock remedies) (1912-1920), stock remedy manufacturer (1926-1933) 601 S. Gilbert Street sheet metal shop (1920), tin shop (1926-1933) Note: The addresses given in this table were used from 1888 on; in 1883, a different numbering system was used A few other industries were located elsewhere in the Southside Neighborhood, but in most cases these were located south of the railroad tracks, outside the survey area. The more prominent of these before 1906 were the E. F. Rate & Sons Tannery and Glove Factory, American Glucose Company, and Crescent OSA Technical Report 121 Fence Company. Most of these were located in the block bounded by Lafayette, Capitol, Benton and Clinton streets, a block south of the railroad tracks. Eastern Southside Neighborhood. The third subarea within the Southside Neighborhood survey area extends from Gilbert Street east to Johnson Street, and from Court Street south to the railroad tracks. Most of this area was platted at Lyon's 1st and 2nd Additions, in 1854 and 1856, respectively. These two subdivisions were platted the year before and the year after the railroad was completed to Iowa City, and were located adjacent to the railroad line in the vicinity of the passenger and freight depots. Like the plats in the industrial corridor along Gilbert Street, the timing of the two Lyon plats appears to have been influenced by the arrival of the railroad. South Van Buren and S. Johnson streets, from Burlington to Bowery streets, became an early residential area. The original Iowa City railroad depot (non -extant) was located at the intersection of the railroad with Johnson Street (Figure 4:bottom). In the 1850s or 1860s the McConnell -Bristol House (site 52-02157) and Lyon mansion were built at the south end of Johnson Street (Keyes 1966:66-68). Another early house in this neighborhood was the ca. 1865 Goodrich house at 630 S. Johnson Street, located on a property adjacent to the railroad tracks (site 52-05315). From the 1890s to 1910s S. Van Buren and S. Johnson streets contained a variety of two-story houses built predominantly in the Greek Revival, Italianate and Queen Anne styles. Between 1910 and 1920 a variety of Craftsman -style houses, cottages, and apartment buildings were built. Two-story houses, flats, and duplexes were built upon the remaining undeveloped lots or were constructed where older houses had been removed. Some lots in the 300 block of S. Johnson Street were among the last to be developed because of a ravine in this area made by a stream that connected to Ralston Creek to the west. Starting in 1906, a great deal of filling, sewer installation, and street paving made these lots accessible for the first time. By around 1925 the lots in the center of the 300 block of S. Johnson Street were all built upon. Very few residences along S. Van Buren and S. Johnson streets were built after that time. Housing dating from the decade or two immediately following World War II is rare in this area, although examples can be found along Bowery Street and the 600 block of S. Johnson Street. Beginning in the 1960s and 1970s this area came to be increasingly dominated by rental housing aimed at university students. During the 1970s and 1980s, more than half the original residences were replaced by rows of large mansard roofed apartment buildings. This trend continued into the 1990s, and by 2000 few pre -World War II houses remained on either Van Buren or Johnson Street. Most of those that remained had been converted to apartments, and were often expanded to the rear with large boxy additions that have reduced the period integrity of these buildings. The current trend in apartment construction along S. Van Buren and S. Johnson streets suggests that this neighborhood's remaining older building stock is under great developmental pressure. Flour Willing. Iowa City and nearby Coralville, both located along the Iowa River, have a long history of milling industries. The Coralville mill and dam and Terrell's Mill and dam in Iowa City were both water powered enterprises from the 1840s. Steam -powered mills included the Iowa City Mills operated by Joseph McConnell and his partners from the late 1850s to 1879 (see site form 52-01753) and the Lindsay's feed mill (1897) at Clinton and Burlington (non -extant). The Iowa City Mills building was gutted by fire in 1906 when it was under the ownership of the George Hummer Mercantile Company. It was rebuilt into its present form after the fire, and was part of the larger Hummer Mercantile and milling operation. The George Hummer Mercantile Company Building (52-01754) stands across Court Street at 401-405 S. Gilbert Street. OSA Technical Report 121 These mills were important to the early industry of both Coralville and Iowa City. They were important in establishing high quality wheat flour production for the area and region. These roller mills produced a whiter flour and competed with Kansas and Minneapolis mills (Weber 1985b:79). In addition to the Iowa City Mills itself, one other extant building in the survey area is associated with this historic context. This is the McConnell -Bristol House (site 52-02157), which was built for Iowa City Mills co- owner Joseph McConnell in about 1860. The NRHP nomination form for the McConnell -Bristol House notes that McConnell's will specifically mentions "a certain patent right for a Steam Engine" that he transferred to his sons (Vaughan 1983). Additional research on this steam engine patent is recommended to determine whether or not it was used in the Iowa City Mills. RESIDENTIAL ARCHITECTURE The Southside Neighborhood has a variety of houses and commercial buildings. All parts of the survey area were subdivided into building lots between 1839 and 1856. The 1868 bird's-eye view map of Iowa City shows that dense development had already occurred in some parts of the survey area, particularly along S. Van Buren and S. Johnson streets, but to a lesser extent along Clinton, Dubuque and Gilbert streets. However, while the Southside Neighborhood retains examples of buildings (primarily houses) built as early as the 1850s or 1860s, the number of pre-1890 buildings that survive in the survey area is very small. The extent of development within the survey area as of 1868 is shown on the bird's-eye view map reproduced here as Figure 4:top (Auger 1868). The house forms and styles described below are summarized in Table 2. Mid -Nineteenth Century House Types and Architectural Styles. Although a few high -style buildings reflected the architectural styles of the day, housing styles for most houses in Iowa City did not change significantly between about 1850 and 1890. During this period, most houses had one to two stories, had rectangular floor plans, and were either front -gabled or side - gabled. Most were of wood frame construction, but some were built of brick and a few, especially in the early settlement period, were stone. In the survey area, some of the earliest buildings reflect the popularity of the Greek Revival and Italianate styles, which were sometimes mixed on the same building. The two principal examples are the McConnell -Bristol House (52-02157) and the Goodrich House (52-05315), both located along the same block of S. Johnson Street near Iowa City's original railroad passenger depot. Other pre-1890 buildings in the survey area do not strongly represent any particular architectural style, but instead are simple vernacular houses. One is a Hall -and -Parlor type house (52-05321) that appears to be half of a post -Civil War duplex that was originally located further north on the same parcel. The frame I -house at 620 S. Dubuque Street (52-05302) was altered extensively in the mid -twentieth century when it was made part of a brick -fronted shopping center. The front -gabled frame house at 604 S. Dubuque Street (52-05299) may predate 1868, since it appears to be very similar to the house shown on the 1868 bird's- eye view map of Iowa City (Ruger 1868). However, other evidence suggests that the present house may be a later replacement. For more on this house, see the Iowa Site Inventory Form for site 52-05299. A handful of other houses in the survey area also appear to date to the mid to late nineteenth century, but they have been altered more extensively than the others listed above. They were therefore not assigned State Inventory numbers and no historical research was conducted on them. One example is the front - gabled frame house at 501 S. Johnson Street. Around the time of the Civil War (1861-1865), the Italianate style was added to the mix of styles popular on houses and other buildings in Iowa City. Turned and jigsaw -cut brackets under wide eaves was one popular element of this style. Such brackets were formerly present on at least two of three adjacent brick cottages in the 600 block of S. Dubuque Street, now all non -extant. Two of these were recorded before they were demolished, and Iowa Site Inventory forms for those buildings are included in the present report (52-05291 and 52-05300). The only Italianate-style house now present in the survey D9 OSA Technical Report 121 area is the Davis-Watters House at 618 Bowery Street (52-05312), which was built outside the survey area in or about the 1860s and moved to its present location in 1912. Table 2: Southside Neighborhood Architectural Styles. Site H Pre-1570 Stick/Queen Anne Free Classic Foursquare/Craftsman Commercial/Industrial Modern 52-01074 X 52-01573 X 52-01753 X 52-01754 X 52-02155 X 52-02157 X 52-05052 X 52-05284 X 52-05291 X* 52-05294 X 52-05295 X 52-05297 X 52-05298 X 52-05299 X 52-05300 X* 52-05301 X 52-05302 X (X) 52-05303 X 52-05304 X 52-05305 X 52-05306 X 52-05307 X 52-05308 X 52-05309 X 52-05310 X 52-05311 X 52-05312 X 52-05313 X 52-05314 X 52-05315 X 52-05316 X 52-05317 X 52-05318 X 52-05319 X 52-05320 X 52-05321 X 52-05322 X 52-05323 X * = Non -extant Late Nineteenth Century House Types and Architectural Styles. American architecture in the late nineteenth century was characterized increasingly by the free borrowing and mixing of architectural elements from a variety of eras and countries. Most elements were adapted from Medieval and Early Modern European precedents, primarily English but also Italian, French, Swiss, and occasionally others, including Middle Eastern (Moorish) and, more rarely, East Asian 10 OSA Technical Report 121 (Chinese or Japanese). Advancing technology made an enormous variety of turned and jigsaw -cut architectural elements available and affordable to the middle class, and these too were added to the mix, whether or not they had a specific historical precedent. Prior to the 1870s, popular architectural styles were relatively distinct and tended not to overlap significantly, so that a Gothic Revival house, for example, was clearly different from an Italianate house. This began to change during the 1870s, as more architectural elements began to be introduced and mixed in novel ways. During the 1870s, the Italianate style was succeeded or supplemented, at least in high -style buildings, by a short-lived style known as the Stick Style. The Stick Style was characterized primarily by wood wall cladding "interrupted by patterns of horizontal, vertical, or diagonal boards (stickwork) raised from [the] wall surface for emphasis" (McAlester 1984:255). The only example of this style in the survey area is the ca. 1878 house at 604 S. Clinton Street (site 52-05294). During the 1880s and 1890s, the Queen Anne style reigned supreme in American domestic architecture. A variety of names have been given to this style over the years, in part because architectural historians have been dissatisfied with the name "Queen Anne Revival" given to it by its original proponents in England. The so-called Queen Anne style is not derived primarily from English precedents during the reign of Queen Anne in the early eighteenth century, but instead represents the height of popularity of the free adaptation and mixing of architectural elements from hundreds of years of European architectural history, both in England and elsewhere. But for the same reason, other names that have been suggested for this style (for example, "Neo-Jacobean," promoted by Iowa City architectural historian Margaret Keyes in her 1966 guide to Iowa City's residential architecture) also fall short of capturing the essence of this style (Keyes 1966:88; McAlester 1984:268; Gowans 1992:172-174, 188-189, 197-201). Since no more appropriate name has been adopted or widely accepted among architectural historians, the commonly used name "Queen Anne" will be used here. From the 1880s until the 1910s, the Southside Neighborhood was a popular location for middle class housing construction. Some areas, particularly S. Clinton Street, also included some upper middle class housing that gave them additional prestige as important residential streets. The mansions of the era were generally located in other parts of the city, however. These included the parts of the city highest in elevation, along Brown Street and Summit Street; the College Green Park area; and, in the early twentieth century, Manville Heights and other neighborhoods on the west side of the Iowa River. The Southside Neighborhood continued to fill in until the 1920s. While most of the buildings are likely to have been designed and built by local carpenters and builders, a few architect -designed homes are known to have been built in the area. The Queen Anne -style house at 530 S. Clinton St. (52-01074), designed by the Knoxville, Tennessee, firm of George F. Barber & Company, may be considered one of the best examples. From about 1906 to 1913, local architect O. H. Carpenter had his home in the survey area at 529 S. Clinton Street (non -extant), and designed several buildings in the survey area during or before that time. For more on Barber and Carpenter, see the discussion of architects below. Queen Anne Style. Margaret Keyes describes the Queen Anne (or "Neo-Jacobean") style as follows: Informality of both the plan and arrangement of elevation and openings set the keynote for the style. Frequent use of projecting wings and bays, a characteristic which may be traced to the late medieval English styles, gave the exteriors a freedom of appearance which contrasted with the familiar square and rectangular plans of preceding styles. The projecting sections, frequently chamfered, produced irregular roof contours combining hipped and gabled forms, and to these were often added dormers, gables, and chimneys which were found in Tudor or Jacobean architecture. Window treatments were varied, and wall surfaces included clapboard or siding, a pseudo half-timber technique (sometimes termed paneling or banding), brick, and shingles cut in 11 OSA Technical Report 121 various patterns. Often two or more of these methods were combined in a single structure. Verandas or front porches with balustrades and soffit grilles were frequently used, and decorative details included perforated ornaments in the apex of the gable, filigree -like scrollwork on porches, and conical towners, usually placed to one side of the house rather than in the center [Keyes 1966:88]. A large number of homes in Iowa City in general, and in the Southside Neighborhood in particular, were built during the time when the Queen Anne style was most popular. The main residential streets in the area --Clinton, Dubuque, Johnson, Van Buren and Bowery streets —were once home to a large number of Queen Anne -style residences. While several survive along S. Clinton Street in the proposed Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Historic District, those along the other residential streets in the survey area have been largely replaced by modern buildings. The most impressive of these houses that survives in the survey area is the brick house at 530 S. Cinton Street designed by George F. Barber & Co. (52- 01074). Free Classic Subtype. The "Free Classic" subtype of the Queen Anne -style house became common during the 1890s and has much in common with some early (asymmetrical) Colonial Revival houses. About a third of Queen Anne houses represent the "Free Classic" subtype. In addition to the freely mixed Medieval and Early Modern design elements seen on other Queen Anne -style houses, houses of the Free Classic subtype also make prominent use of Classical Revival -style design elements. These elements are seen most commonly in porches, where classical columns rather than delicate turned posts with spindlework are used; in prominent gables, which often feature Palladian -style windows; and in cornices, which may feature classical dentils (McAlester 1984:264). These elements were especially popular in the 1890s and early 1900s, before the Queen Anne style was replaced in popularity by the Colonial Revival, Craftsman and Prairie styles. Houses of this style in the Southside Neighborhood include 52-05295, 52-05304, 52-05311 (primarily in the later addition), 52-05313, 52-05322, and the duplex at 52-05323 (see section below on duplexes and flats). Early Twentieth Century Styles. During the first decades of the twentieth century, the architectural exuberance that had culminated in the Queen Anne style became more restrained, and new architectural forms and styles gained in popularity. Architectural historian Alan Gowans characterizes this period as one in which "combinations of forms and ornament were distinct from both the more familiar Picturesque stylings of the preceding period and from the more consistent Academic and popular/commercial styling of houses in the 1930s and succeeding decades" (Gowans 1986:xiv). The borrowing and mixing of historic elements that had characterized the previous period became somewhat more restrained, although historical antecedents were still sought in many of the eras revival styles, including English (Elizabethan/Jacobean/Tudor Revival), American Colonial, French, Spanish/Mission, and Dutch Colonial Revival styles. In addition to these historical styles, new styles introduced in this era included the Craftsman and Prairie styles. These styles were applied to building forms both old and new. Older forms included front- or side -gabled houses and hip -roofed houses, either symmetrical or asymmetrical. Newer forms included the Foursquare form —a two-story, hip -roofed box, nearly square in footprint, but distinct in floor plan from superficially similar earlier forms such as the hip -roofed houses of the Italianate era. Another new form was the bungalow, a building type with no fixed definition, but often used to refer to a distinctive side -gabled house form used for some Craftsman -style houses. 12 OSA Technical Report 121 Craftsman Style. The American Craftsman style had its origins in a variety of sources, including the English Arts and Crafts movement, East Asian wooden architecture, and an emphasis on hand-crafted arts in an era of mechanization. High -style example of the Craftsman style are rare outside of California, but a simplified (and mass-produced) version of the Craftsman style was widely available through house plan catalogues offered by mail order companies and lumber yards (McAlester 1984:454; Reiff 2000:149 255). One unusual Picturesque example of the Craftsman style in the survey area is the house at 321 S. Johnson Street (52-02155). Other unusual Craftsman -style buildings in the survey area are the repurposed and stuccoed cottage in the alley off Bowery Street (52-05310), the eccentric 1924 brick, tile, and wood residence at 216 E. Prentiss Street (52-05306) and the 1924 apartment building at the corner of Bowery and Gilbert streets, which has two decorative clay tile roofs evocative of Italian or other Mediterranean styles (52-05309). No Craftsman bungalows are present in the survey area. Foursquare Form. One house type well represented in the survey area is the Foursquare, which comes in symmetrical and asymmetrical forms (McAlester 1984:439, 444, 445). Two examples of the symmetrical Foursquare type were evaluated in the survey area: 326 S. Johnson Street (52-05320) and 608 S. Johnson Street (52- 05314). The symmetrical form is sometimes called the Prairie Box or American Foursquare, due to its having a simple square or rectangular plan, low-pitched hipped roof, and symmetrical fagade. While some have traced this house type to the Prairie School of architecture (e.g., McAlester 1984:438-443), predecessors of the Foursquare can be found that predate the Prairie School. The form more likely has its origins in the boxy hip -roofed houses of the Italianate era, or perhaps even in the hip -roofed cores of the Queen Anne -style houses built on the so-called "pinwheel plan." As the Queen Anne style fell out of fashion, the projections from the hip -roofed cores of pinwheel plan houses became less numerous and less pronounced, resulting in a hip -roofed box with a nearly square footprint similar to the Foursquare. Two examples of late Queen Anne -style houses in the survey area that appear to represent transitional forms between the Queen Anne pinwheel plan and the Foursquare are the houses at 709 S. Dubuque Street (52- 05304) and 505 S. Johnson Street (52-05313). A single house of the asymmetrical Foursquare style (52-05317) was evaluated at 335 S. Johnson Street (McAlester 1984:439, 444, 445). The asymmetrical Foursquare typically has a single, two or three- story, hipped roof mass contrasted with equally dominant, but lower wings, porches, or carports with hipped roofs. The front entrance is usually inconspicuous, the fagade being dominated by horizontal rows of windows. Many variations occur, but in all cases the fagade is asymmetrical. Duplexes and Flats. Iowa City has a long history of erecting multi -family housing (duplexes and other attached dwellings, rooming houses, and apartment houses) for its working families and transient population, including university students. Many duplexes were located in older established sections of town. Many were later converted to student housing, rooming houses, or single rental establishments. The survey area contains many buildings designed for multi -family housing, including duplexes, flat buildings and apartment houses. While most of the apartment houses are modern (that is, built within the past 50 years), several duplexes and apartment houses are older. No comprehensive inventory of early multi -family housing in Iowa City has yet been undertaken, so a more limited inventory was completed for the purposes of the present report in order to develop a historic context for multi -family housing in Iowa City in general, and the Southside Neighborhood in particular. This inventory was compiled based on the 1906 Sanborn fire insurance map of Iowa City (Sanborn Map Co. 1906). The location of every duplex, adjoined residential building, flat building and apartment building in the city shown on the 1906 map was recorded. Each building was then checked against current 13 OSA Technical Report 121 assessor's records and aerial photographs to determine whether or not each building survives. If one was found to exist, it was researched in older fire insurance maps and other sources to determine as best as possible when it was constructed. Because the 1906 map did not depict some older areas of the city, additional areas were consulted on the 1920 and 1926 Sanborn maps. With the inclusion of the 1920 and 1926 maps, most of the city that had been substantially developed by 1906 was included in the inventory. The major areas omitted were those east of the intersection of Washington Street and Muscatine Avenue; most of the land lying south of Benton Street and the railroad tracks; and land on the west side of the Iowa River. None of these areas had been substantially developed by 1906. In most cases, it was not known whether a building shown on the supplemental maps had been built prior to 1906. If a building was known to have been built after 1906, it was not included in the following count. Otherwise it was included. Based on this inventory, it was discovered that 34 freestanding duplexes or double houses were shown on the 1906 Sanborn map (including supplements through 1926), with a 35th double house attached to a feed mill operation. In addition, the map showed eight buildings with three units (one of them possibly with four units; the map is ambiguous), three buildings with four units, one building with five units, three buildings labeled "Flats," and two rooming houses (both first shown in 1920, so possibly built after 1906). Of these, the great majority have been demolished or moved. In particular, all but four of the buildings with more than two units have been demolished or removed, and only two of these appear likely to have been built in or before 1906. Both are located in the Southside Neighborhood. One is Gifford Flats at 331 S. Johnson Street (52-05318), built in 1906. The other is Fickes Flats, a four -unit building built around 1900 and originally located at 501-507 S. Dubuque Street, now the site of Henry Sabin School. This building was moved to its present location at 526 S. Dubuque Street when Sabin School was built in 1917 (52-05297). The other two surviving buildings with more than two units are a rooming house at 625 E. Burlington Street first shown on the 1920 map, and a flat building at 424 Clark Street first shown on the 1926 map. The house at 625 E. Burlington Street appears to be a late Queen Anne or early Foursquare house, and may or may not predate 1906. The house at 424 Clark Street is a later Foursquare, and almost certainly was built after 1906. Of the 35 duplexes shown on the 1906 through 1926 Sanborn maps, 28 appear on the 1906 map, and seven on one or both of the later maps. Only one of those shown on the later maps —a Craftsman -style duplex at what is now 435-437 S. Summit Street —appears stylistically to post-date 1906, leaving 34 duplexes in Iowa City that were definitely or likely built by 1906. Of these 34, 24 have been demolished or removed from their original locations. Of the ten that remain, the majority were built well before 1906, in most cases probably in the 1850s or 1860s. Two are one-story side -gabled houses that may date to the mid -nineteenth century, but which have been altered to the extent that their original construction date is difficult to determine. These are the houses at 207 209 Fairchild Street and 511 N. Gilbert Street (now a single dwelling rather than a duplex). Another five are early duplexes probably dating to the 1850s or 1860s. Three of the five are built of brick. These are, in approximate chronological order, 928-930 Iowa Avenue, a large front -gabled brick duplex built for the family of Iowa City pioneer Dr. Jesse Bowen, probably in the late 1840s or 1850s, and certainly by 1861; 410-412 S. Summit Street, a side -gabled brick duplex reported by the county assessor to date to 1861, though possibly not converted to a duplex until later; and 228-230 E. Bloomington Street, a large flat -roofed brick duplex probably dating to the 1850s or 1860s, and shown on the 1868 bird's-eye view map of Iowa City (Auger 1868). Two side -gabled frame duplexes that likely date to the same period are 420-422 N. Linn Street, which has a stone foundation but is otherwise difficult to date conclusively because of changes made to the building, and a house with an Italianate-style cornice located at 520-522 S. Dodge Street. Two of the remaining three pre-1906 duplexes date to the Queen Anne era, and the third (possibly built after 1906) to the late Queen Anne or early Foursquare period. One of the two Queen Anne -style duplexes is located in the survey area, at 431- 433 S. Van Buren Street; it was built in 1895 (52-05323). The other is located at 328-330 N. Linn Street, 14 OSA Technical Report 121 and was built between 1899 and 1906 (Sanborn Map Company 1899, 1906). The last of the surviving duplexes may not have been built by 1906, since it is first shown on the 1920 Sanborn map. It is a late Queen Anne or early Foursquare house at 311-313 S. Dodge Street. As a result of the inventory described above, it was found that the Southside Neighborhood contains Iowa City's two earliest surviving apartment (flat) buildings: Gifford Flats (52-05318), which retains a reasonably high degree of period integrity despite its modern siding, and Fickes Flats (52-05297), which retains a much lower degree of period integrity as a result of changes made in recent decades. The neighborhood also contains one of only two surviving Queen Anne -style duplexes in Iowa City (52- 05323), which both is older and retains a higher degree of period integrity than the other on the Northside. The only other purpose-built multi -family dwelling in the survey area is the 1924 Gilbert Apartments at 407 Bowery Street (52-05309). This building, despite its altered second story, clearly reflects the mix of styles and architectural elements popular in the 1920s, including Mission and Craftsman. Rooming Houses. Before the introduction of on -campus housing in the early twentieth century, University of Iowa students were housed in local homes. Houses near campus in the downtown and Old Capital areas were the most desirable for students, but houses 10 to 12 blocks away were not considered too far (Weber 1989:63). The university's only rule was that men and women could not be in the same house. Besides the many homes that rented one or two rooms, a number of sizable rooming houses operated as full-time businesses. One site at the corner of S. Johnson and Bowery streets, the Baker -Hobby House (52-05311) has been identified as an early twentieth century boarding house. It is the last of its type in the Southside Neighborhood and remains in operation. An important rooming house in Iowa City's African -American history is the Tate Arms at 914 S. Dubuque Street (52-05284). Although located outside the prescribed boundaries of the present survey area, this building was included in the survey in order to provide the City of Iowa City with additional information about the building's history. This building served as a boarding house for African -Americans as early as the 1920s, and housed black University of Iowa students as the Tate Arms from the 1940s to the 1960s. International and Modem Style. Site 52-05307 is the only site in the survey area that has International stylistic elements. Originally built as an apartment building in 1961 it has been repurposed as a school. Commercial and Manufacturing Buildings. Six buildings are listed in Table 2 under the Commercial/industrial category. The earliest are two large commercial and manufacturing buildings at 330 E. Court Street and 401-405 S. Gilbert Street, which currently reflect early twentieth century architectural styling. The Iowa City Mills/Hummer Mill (52- 01753) (rebuilt 1906) has a minimalist industrial styling, while the ca. 1906 Hummer Mercantile Company Building across the street (52-01754) has a three-story commercial storefront in the Free Classic style. Both are listed in Table 2 as commercial buildings and not under a specific architectural style. The oldest parts of the building housing the comer store at 602 S. Dubuque Street (52-01573) may date to the nineteenth century, but the storefront probably dates to the 1920s, when the building was converted to a grocery store. The building has been altered extensively over the years, and no longer retains integrity from any historic period. Three other commercial buildings in the survey area date to the mid -twentieth century. A brick front was added in the 1950s to a much earlier building at 620 S. Dubuque Street, and connected to a new 1950s building at 628 S. Dubuque Street (52-05302 and 52-05303), thereby forming an early strip mall. A third building at 122 Wright Street (52-05308) was built in 1949 as a heating services company office and was later converted to a bar. 15 OSA Technical Report 121 IOWA CITY ARCHITECTS, BUILDERS AND PRECUT HOUSES The following architects and builders are known to have designed and built houses in the Southside Neighborhood. This section is adapted from the NRHP registration form for the proposed Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Historic District, which is included here as Appendix I1, The citations for the following information can be found in that registration form. Architects. O. H. Carpenter. Orville H. Carpenter (1865-1938) worked as an architect in Iowa City from about 1898 until his death in 1938. He was Iowa City's first known architect whose background was strictly in architectural design and engineering rather than one of the building trades. For this reason, unlike the two other Iowa City architects described below, O. H. Carpenter worked solely as an architect and construction superintendent, not as an architect and builder. He designed some of the more prominent residential, commercial and fraternal buildings in the city between the 1890s and the 1910s, including the Elks Lodge (1909, now a commercial and office building); the C.S.P.S building, a Czech fraternal building (1899- 1901, now the Preucil School of Music); the Phoenix Block, a downtown commercial building (1903, non -extant); and a block of flats across from the University campus known as Dewey Terrace (1899, non - extant). He also designed numerous residences in Iowa City and surrounding areas, as well as school houses in many southeast Iowa Communities. His known commissions (not all of them built) number some 236 new buildings and 40 remodelings, nearly all of them in southeast Iowa. Although he continued to design building into the 1920s and probably the 1930s, relatively few of his commissions from these later years are known. His last confirmed design was a building for the Muscatine Water Works in Muscatine, Iowa, in 1928. Additional information about Carpenter is available in the National Register of Historic Places Registration Form for the Gilbert -Linn Street Historic District in Iowa City (Svendsen 2004). George F. Barber & Co. The following biographical sketch of George F. Barber was provided by the Knox County, Tennessee, Public Library: George Franklin Barber (1854-1915) was a remarkably successful practitioner of American domestic architecture in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Much of his success was due to his early and enthusiastic adoption of national promotion of sales catalogues for his own architectural plans for houses and cottages, with a complete willingness to customize the plans for any customer. Barber was bom in De Kalb, Illinois, in 1854. He lived in rural Illinois and later near Marmaton, Kansas. His rural upbringing prevented him from receiving anything more than a nominal education. Barber had an early interest in horticulture and farming, but his work as a carpenter and builder, in partnership with his brother Manley DeWitt Barber, seems to have led him to a career in carpentry, building, and finally architecture. In 1888 Barber moved to Knoxville [Tennessee] for health reasons. He flourished as an architect in the rapidly growing postwar southern city. Barber published over a dozen mail order catalogs for residential architectural plans between 1888 and 1908. A sudden illness led to his untimely death in 1915 [Knox County Public Library 2015]. A total of six houses representing three Barber designs are known to have been built in Iowa City, although there may have been others. All six were built in 1892-1893. The three designs were 530 S. Clinton Street (extant, contributing resource in the proposed Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Historic we, OSA Technical Report 121 District), 935 E. College Street (extant, individually listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1977), and a row of four houses with identical plans built at the southeast corner of E. Washington Street and S. Linn Street (all non -extant). John W. Metzinger. John W. Metzinger (ca. 1855-1929) worked primarily as a carpenter, but he also designed several buildings in Iowa City. In addition to the Hotel O'Reilly (52-05052) , he was identified as the architect of four houses and one building of unspecified type designed in 1898 and 1899, probably all in Iowa City. These other buildings have not yet been located, and indeed some may not ever have been built. The Hotel O'Reilly is the only known extant building designed by Metzinger. He is better known for his carpentry work. Between 1897 and 1909, he was identified as the carpenter or contractor on some 15 new buildings or substantial remodelings of buildings, mostly residential, in Iowa City. Bernard A. Wickham. Bernard A. Wickham (1868-1935) was a prominent architect -builder in Iowa City between 1905 and 1913. Born in Southampton, England, he came to the United States with his family in 1870. His father was a carpenter, stair builder, cabinet maker, and presumably the main source of his son Bernard's education in carpentry and building. Although Wickham lived in Iowa City for about 25 years of his adult life, most of his known commissions —as either architect, builder, or both —occurred during the brief period between 1907 and 1911. These included, as architect, the C.O.D. Laundry building at 225 Iowa Avenue (1909, non -extant), and a concrete brick house built to be leased to the Tri Delta sorority at 505 Iowa Avenue (1907, extant). He is known to have designed some 43 buildings and three building alterations, and to have been the contractor on another 17 buildings and five building alterations. Not all of the announced designs were necessarily built, but probably the majority were. His best known work as a contractor was the 1908 President's Residence at the University of Iowa, designed by the Des Moines, Iowa, architectural firm of Proudfoot and Bird. B. A. Wickham moved to Grinnell in September 1914, and later moved to Des Moines. For more information on Wickham, see a biographical sketch of him written for the National Register of Historic Places nomination of the Samuel and Emma A. Ranshaw House in North Liberty, Johnson County, Iowa (Rogers and Allen 2012). See Appendix Il for full citations. Builders. Jacob J. Hotz. Jacob J. Hotz (1853-1916) was born in New York and came to Iowa with his parents in 1855. The son of a carpenter, he also became a carpenter and builder. He worked primarily on his own, but in the 1880s worked in the firm of Shinn & Hotz. He also served in public office, including as county recorder in the 1880s and as alderman of the Second Ward of Iowa City for several terms. He had several dozen known contracts for constructing buildings in or near Iowa City between 1897 and 1913, and probably had hundreds of such contracts over the course of his career in the city. One of his earliest projects was the construction of the city's water works. Starting in the 1890s, he was responsible for the construction of several of architect O. H. Carpenter's designs in Iowa City (see above). He is also credited with the design of a dozen or so buildings, including municipal utility buildings, schools and residences, between 1898 and 1901, and very likely designed other buildings. John H. Hunzinger. John H. Hunzinger (1882-1947) worked primarily as a carpenter and contractor, although he or his firm also designed many buildings in the 1910s and 1920s. He moved to Iowa City from rural Johnson County, Iowa, between 1904 and 1907. In 1915, he established the firm of J. H. Hunzinger & Co., 17 OSA Technical Report 121 architects, contractors and builders, with his brother, Frank E. Hunzinger, and William E. Wagner. John H. Hunzinger moved himself and the company to Burlington, Iowa, in 1916, and to Davenport, Iowa, in 1922, but the firm reincorporated in Johnson County in 1923. Before J. H. Hunzinger & Co. was established, J. H. Hunzinger is known to have built some 20 buildings in Iowa City between 1909 and 1915, all of them residential. Between 1914 and 1926, the firm worked on "dozens of new houses, several apartment buildings, store construction and remodelings, a major church remodeling, a new downtown mortuary, a fraternity house, a hotel remodeling, SUI [State University of Iowa, now the University of Iowa] hospital remodeling, and a stock pavilion" (Svendsen 2004b:19). The firm was also heavily involved in the development of the Brookland Park Addition, a middle class residential subdivision, in Iowa City in the 1920s. The firm moved to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, in 1929. Henry C. Sievers. Henry C. Sievers (1867-1930) is reported to have built one of two buildings in the Southside Neighborhood commissioned by Vincent J. Moravec in 1924, either the house at 215 E. Prentiss Street (52-05306) or the Gilbert Apartments at 407 Bowery Street (52-05309). Unfortunately, it is not known which of the two was built by Sievers, and which by an as -yet -unknown builder. Indeed, it is not completely certain that the two houses identified above were the two Moravec commissions in question, although this seems fairly likely, given that both properties were owned by Moravec at the time the present buildings were constructed, and city directories indicate that both were built around 1924. No other reference to the construction of either the apartment house or the house on Prentiss Street has been located in local newspapers or other sources, so it is not known whether Sievers designed as well as built the building attributed to him or whether it had a different architect. According to census records and his gravestone, he was born in 1867, and lived most or all of his life in Johnson County, Iowa, where he died in 1930. He worked as a carpenter and house builder throughout his adult life. A list of references to house construction in Iowa City in Iowa City newspapers between 1897 and 1916 compiled by one of the present authors (Carlson 2002-2014) includes 11 buildings built by either Sievers alone or, in 1907 and 1908, in the partnership of Sievers & Swanser. Swanser was probably house carpenter Anton (Anthony) G. Swanser, who was the only likely person surnamed Swanser living in Iowa City at the time (U.S. census records for Johnson County, Iowa, 1870-1930, for both Sievers and Swanser; Iowa City city directories 1904-1915). Theodore J. Simons. Theodore J. Simons (1890-1940 or later) was most likely the builder of the house for Andrew and Sophia Karas at 321 S. Johnson Street (52-02155). A summary of building construction in Iowa City in 1924 lists Simons as the contactor for a building erected for Andrew Karns. It is not known with certainty that the 1924 building built by Simons for Karns was the house at 321 S. Johnson Street. However, the Karas house is known to have been erected at about the same time, and Karas does not appear to have been sufficiently wealthy to erect multiple buildings in short succession. It is therefore most likely that Simons' 1924 commission for Karns was for the house on S. Johnson Street. Simons was identified in the 1924 city directory as a foreman carpenter for J. H. Hunzinger & Co. Inc. However, he appears to have gone into business for himself in 1924, since the Karas house and several other commissions were listed in the newspaper under Simons alone rather than under Hunzinger. By the time of the 1926 city directory, Simons was identified as a contractor rather than an employee of any firm. The 1924 list includes several other buildings in the Iowa City area built by Simons, specifically buildings for Henry Ball (3), Henry Gilpin and himself. It is not known whether he also designed these buildings, including the Karas house, or whether he built from plans prepared by a different architect. Simons lived only briefly in Iowa City. In the 1920 census, he was listed as a carpenter living in Columbus City, Louisa County, Iowa, and by 1930 he was working as a superintendent of a construction IV OSA Technical Report 121 company in Jefferson County, Texas (1920 and 1930 U.S. census entries for Ted J. "Simmons" [1920] and Theodore Simons [1930]). He lived in Kansas City in 1935, and was back in Iowa, in the town of Washington, by 1940 (1940 U.S. census entry for Theodore J. Simons). His life after 1940 was not researched as part of the present report. Sheets & Freyder. James M. Sheets (1828-1905) and Frank X. Freyder (1862-1944) were partners in the firm of Sheets & Freyder. As described by Marlys Svendsen, Sheets & Freyder was a long-standing Iowa City building firm that traced its roots to the carpentry shops of J. M. Sheets and partners Bernard Gesberg and August Hazelhorst in the mid -nineteenth century. The men eventually merged operations as Sheets & Co. and became noted for their millwork production and contracting services. By 1897, the firm included partners J. M. Sheets and Frank X. Freyder and operated as Sheets & Freyder. Freyder listed himself as an architect in city directories beginning in 1909 through World War I. The firm completed construction and/or design contracts for a number of major commercial and institutional buildings including the Iowa City Public Library in 1903 and at least five Iowa City churches. Although Frank X. Freyder later went on to design buildings as well as build them, the firm of Sheets & Freyder was evidently strictly a building construction firm. Between 1897 and 1905, Sheets & Freyder were the contractors for at least 16 residential buildings in Iowa City, several of them, like the Thomas D. and Margaret Davis House at 611 S. Clinton Street (in the present survey area), designed by architect O. H. Carpenter. James M. Sheets was 75 years old at the time the Davis house was built in 1903, and he died two years later, so it is not clear to what extent he was personally involved in the construction of the Davis house. The rental duplex at 531-533 S. Van Buren Street (52-05323) was built in or shortly after 1895 for James M. Sheets. It is not known whether Sheets also designed or built this house, although based on his profession it is likely that he had at least a hand, and possibly a major role, in the design and construction of the house. An extensive account of James M. Sheets and his work in Iowa City is presented in a 1980 University of Iowa Master of Arts thesis written by Linda Magnuson (Magnuson 1980). Harry C. Smith. Harry C. Smith (1845-1922) worked as a carpenter and building contractor in Iowa City from the 1860s until his retirement around 1918. He was born in Illinois, served in the Civil War, and likely moved to Iowa City shortly after the war. His obituary credits him with the construction of several important buildings in Iowa City, including "the former Coldren opera house, the Golden Eagle building, the New West Hotel [i.e., the Hotel O'Reilly (52-05052)], the Chemistry laboratory, the first armory in Iowa City, the 1. X. L. building, and the City Hall. These buildings all stand as monuments to his name" (Iowa City Press -Citizen 1922:5), He built only five known residences in Iowa City between 1897 and 1907, at least three or four of which were designed by architect O. H. Carpenter. Unidentified Carpenter -Builder -Contractors. No architect or builder is known for most of the buildings in the survey area outside of the proposed Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Historic District. The only two included in the list above are Henry C. Sievers and Theodore J. Simons, and in both cases it is not completely certain that they built the buildings attributed to them. This is especially true in the case of Sievers, who evidently built one but not both of the buildings constructed in 1924 for V. J. Moravec. In the case of most of the nineteenth century buildings, no architect or builder was identified. Even in the case of buildings constructed in the early twentieth century, when it was often possible to find one or more newspaper references to the construction of the building, neither the architect nor the builder was identified in the majority of cases. More research is necessary on Iowa City's carpenter -builders, architect -builders and brick masons to be 19 OSA Technical Report 121 able to determine if any of these craftsmen employed signature methods or details that might help distinguish their buildings from those of other local builders. Precut Housing Providers. Starting in the mid -nineteenth century, architects began increasingly to offer mail order services, whereby clients could consult catalogs of predesigned building plans, and for a modest fee be sent a full set of blueprints for any design they selected. Starting in the 1910s, some house plan companies began offering to ship not only the plans, but also all the lumber and other materials needed to construct the house, precut to the specifications in the plans. The first known precut house built in Iowa City was the house built for Dr. Harry Coffin in Manville Heights in 1914. A local newspaper described the precut house, sold by the Aladdin Company of Bay City, Michigan, as a "new idea in house -building" in Iowa City, which suggests that no other such houses had been erected in the city (Iowa City Citizen 1914:6). In particular, although the Davenport firm of Gordon -Van Tine had been selling precut houses since 1910, the 1914 article suggests that none had been built in Iowa City at that point, or at least that none had yet caught the attention of the newspaper editor (Gordon -Van Tine Company 1992:Publisher's Note). While no house in the Southside Neighborhood has yet been attributed conclusively to any of these precut house companies, the growing popularity of precut houses during the later 1910s and 1920s suggests that at least a few of the houses in the survey area built during that period may be precut homes. Others were undoubtedly designed by local carpenters and builder, as before, but they may have come to rely increasingly for their inspiration on the house plans published by the mail order house and house plan companies, including lumber companies. Many mail order house plan and precut house companies were operating by 1920. Those with a particular influence in Iowa and the Midwest included nationally known general mail order companies such as Sears, Roebuck and Montgomery Ward, as well as regional companies specializing in house plans and precut houses such as Gordon -Van Tine, the Aladdin Company, Harris Bros. Company of Chicago, and the Wm. A. Radford Company of Chicago, Summary and Recommendations The Office of the State Archaeologist (OSA) at the University of Iowa conducted a Phase I intensive level historic architectural survey of the Southside Neighborhood in Iowa City, Iowa, as part of the mitigation for the planned removal of the Henry Sabin School in Iowa City, which has been evaluated as eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). The survey was conducted under the terms of a Memorandum of Agreement among the Federal Emergency Management Agency, the State Historical Society of Iowa, the Iowa Homeland Security & Emergency Management Department, the University of Iowa, the Office of the State Archaeologist, and the City of Iowa City, regarding the permanent relocation of the University of Iowa's School of Music building. SOUTHSIDE NEIGHBORHOOD PHASE I INTENSIVE SURVEY RESULTS Eligibility Under National Register Criteria The Phase I intensive historic architectural investigation of the Southside Neighborhood resulted in the recordation of 34 historic architectural sites. Shown in Table 3 these are: 52-01074, 52-01573, 52-01753, 52-01754, 52-02155, 52-02157, 52-05252, 52-05284, 52-05291, 52-05294, 52-05295, 52-05297, 52- 05299, 52-05300, 52-05302-52-05304, 52-05306-52-05318, 52-05320-52-05323 (Appendix III). Criterion A. Ten sites are evaluated as individually eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places under Criterion A for their importance in illustrating broad patterns of history: 52-01753, 52-01754, 52-02157, 52-05052, 52-05284, 52-05291, 52-05300, 52-05310, 52-05311, and 52-05318. rZ OSA Technical Report 121 More research is recommended for an additional six properties to determine if they are eligible under Criterion A: 52-01573, 52-05302, 52-05303, 52-05315, 52-05321, and 52-05323. Table 3: NRHP Evaluations, Sites in Proposed Historic District, Previously Surveyed Sites Site N Criterion A Criterion B Criterion C Proposed Clinton St./ Railroad Depot District Previously Surveyed 52-01074 * X X X 52-01573 * X 52-01753 X * X X 52-01754 X * X X 52-02155 X X 52-02157 X * X X 52-05052 X X X X 52-05284 X X X 52-05291 non -extant 52-05294 * X X 52-05295 X X 52-05297 not eligible 52-05298 X X 52-05299 52-05300 non -extant 52-05301 X X 52-05302 52-05303 52-05304 X X 52-05305 X X 52-05306 X 52-05307 52-05308 not eligible 52-05309 52-05310 X X 52-05311 X X 52-05312 52-05313 X 52-05314 not eligible 52-05315 * * X 52-05316 X 52-05317 not eligible 52-05318 X X 52-05319 X X 52-05320 52-05321 52-05322 X 52-05323 * X * = More Research Recommended Criterion B. Only one site is evaluated as individually eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places under Criterion B for significant individuals. This is the Tate Arms, site 52-05284, the 21 OSA Technical Report 121 only evaluated site located outside the survey area boundaries. More research is recommended for an additional seven properties to determine if they are eligible under Criterion B: 52-01074, 52-01753, 52- 01754, 52-02157, 52-05294, 52-05312, and 52-05315. Criterion C. Twenty-four sites are evaluated as eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places under Criterion C, either individually or as contributing resources in the proposed Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Historic District, for embodying distinctive architectural characteristics: 52-01074, 52-01753, 52-01754, 52-02155, 52-02157, 52-05052, 52-05291, 52-05294, 52-05295, 52-05298, 52- 05300, 52-05301, 52-05304, 52-05305, 52-05306, 52-05310, 52-05311, 52-05313, 52-05315, 52-05316, 52-05318, 52-05319, 52-05322, and 52-05323. More research is recommended for an additional seven properties to determine if they are eligible under Criterion C: 52-05299, 52-05302, 52-05303, 52-05307, 52-05309, 52-05320, and 52-05321. Only four sites-52-05297, 52-05308, 52-05314, and 52-05317-were found after evaluation to be not eligible for NRHP listing under any criterion. In some cases where reduced period integrity has made the property ineligible for listing, it is possible that the changes can be reversed. If this is done, the properties should be re-evaluated for NRHP eligibility. An additional two sites were recorded, but were demolished during the course of the survey. These were the brick cottages formerly at 608 and 610 S. Dubuque Street (52-05300 and 52-05291, respectively). The Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Historic District Nomination See Appendix II for the National Register nomination for the proposed Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Historic District. Contributing sites in the proposed historic district for which new or supplemental Iowa Site Inventory forms were completed are 52-01074, 52-05052, 52-05294, 52-05295, 52-05298, 52- 05301, 52-05304, 52-05305, and 52-05319. No supplemental Iowa Site Inventory Form was completed for the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad Passenger Station (site 52-02888) because it was listed in the NRHP in 1982 and continues to meet the eligibility criteria that led to its listing. Possible Gifford Flats Historic District-300 Block of S. Johnson Street. The 1868 bird's-eye view map of Iowa City (Ruger 1868) shows the 200 to 500 blocks of S. Johnson and S. Van Buren streets to be densely developed except in the 300 block. The development of this block was delayed due to a deeply incised, east -west running ravine, which held a creek that drained into Ralston Creek. It was not until the 1890s that this area was sufficiently filled, drained, and graded to permit construction to begin. With these improvements, another block of Court Street was built atop the infilled ravine from S. Johnson Street east. Because development of this area was only possible starting around 1900, the area surrounding the intersection of Johnson and Court streets contains primarily buildings built within the first three decades after 1900. Several of these buildings survive and retain a moderate to high degree of period integrity. This historically coherent district, while small, may meet National Register eligibility criteria as a historic district. This possible historic district is centered on what the available evidence suggests is Iowa City's earliest extant apartment building, Gifford Flats (52-05318) (Figure 9). This building was constructed in 1906 at 331 S. Johnson Street. The Picturesque house flanking it to the north at 321 S. Johnson Street (52- 02155) was built in 1924. The southernmost house at 403 S. Johnson Street (52-05316), built in 1904 in the Queen Anne style, is the oldest building in the possible historic district. The house between this house and Gifford Flats (52-05317) was built in 1926. Finally, across Johnson Street to the east is 326 S. Johnson Street (52-05320). This Prairie Foursquare house was constructed in about 1913. The earliest house was built in the Queen Anne style, while the others represent early twentieth century styles and forms, such as Craftsman and Foursquare. 22 OSA Technical Report 121 These five residences are the last surviving remnants of the S. Johnson Street residential neighborhood and may constitute a historic district. The boundaries of the district are unlikely to extend beyond the five buildings listed here, because adjacent properties are either large modern apartment buildings or older buildings that have been modified significantly and would be unlikely to contribute to the historic district. However, it should be noted that a few buildings a short distance north along Burlington Street represent a similar historic context and retain sufficient integrity to be contributing resources in a possible historic district. If a National Register historic district is found to be present in this area, a possible boundary extension to the north should also be considered. Removed, Modified, and At Risk Sites. Two buildings in the survey area were removed while the survey was underway. These were the two Civil War -era brick cottages at 608 S. Dubuque Street (52-05300) and 610 S. Dubuque Street (52-05291). Site forms had already been prepared for these two sites prior to their removal in May 2015. A third brick cottage had been removed in December 2014, just before fieldwork for the survey began. Other older buildings demolished shortly before the start of the present survey include the large Foursquare house at 118 E. Prentiss Street and a small cottage at 705 S. Dubuque Street (see 52-05304:Figure 6). The Henry Sabin School (NRHP-eligible) is also located in the survey area, but it was not recorded as part of the present survey because it was evaluated previously and is scheduled for removal in 2015. One house in the survey area (52-05314) was dramatically remodeled during the survey process, reducing its period integrity to the extent that it is no longer eligible for National Register listing under any criterion. This site was also considered at risk due to high developmental pressure. Indeed, most or all of the sites in the survey area also face heavy development pressure. Those on the west side of the survey area, in the Near Southside Neighborhood, are located in the Riverfront Crossings District, an area of the Southside Neighborhood in which the City of Iowa City explicitly encourages redevelopment. Those on the east side of the survey area, between Gilbert and Johnson streets, face constant pressure as landlords seek to maximize the amount of student housing in the area either by greatly enlarging or replacing existing buildings. The same pressure to increase both retail space and student housing has resulted in the removal of several older buildings along S. Gilbert Street in the past 15 years and their replacement by large retail and apartment buildings. 23 OSA Technical Report 121 References Cited Aladdin Company 1920 Aladdin Readi-Cut Homes. The Aladdin Company, Bay City, Michigan. Anonymous 1973 History of Johnson County, Iowa. Unigraphic, Inc., Evansville, Indiana. Originally published in 1883 in Iowa City, Iowa; no publisher identified. ca. 1980s Iowa Site Inventory Form for 624 S. Clinton Street, Iowa City. No author or date identified; appears from form used to be ca. 1980s. Copy on file, Neighborhood and Development Services Department, City of Iowa City, Iowa. Aurner, Clarence Ray 1912-1913 Leading Events in Johnson County, Iowa, History. Two volumes. Western Historical Press, Cedar Rapids, Iowa. Ballard, David N. Jr. 1984 Nineteenth -Century Mills and Milling Industries in Story County, Iowa. Journal of the Iowa Archaeological Society, Vol 31. Published by the Iowa Archaeological Society, Iowa City. Barber, George F., and Company 1893 Artistic Homes: How to Plan and How to Build Them. George F. Barber & Company, Knoxville, Tennessee. 1895 The Cottage Souvenir. George F. Barber and Company, Knoxville, Tennessee. Blair, Erica 2014 Tate Arms Landmark Nomination. Iowa Site Inventory Form #52-05284, On file, Department of Cultural Affairs, State Historical Society of Iowa, Des Moines. Carlson, Richard 2002 2014 Database of houses, architects and contractors who worked in Iowa City, Iowa, 1897-1916, compiled from newspapers by Richard Carlson, Iowa City, Iowa. 2015 O. H. Carpenter, Iowa City, Architect. Draft biographical sketch and list of works. Compiled by Richard Carlson. Division of Historic Preservation [DHP] Staff 1980 Iowa Site Inventory Form for the Paine House, 530 S. Clinton Street, Iowa City, Iowa. State Inventory Number 52-01074. On file, Department of Cultural Affairs, State Historical Society of Iowa, Des Moines. Economy Advertising Company 1917 Atlas of Johnson County, Iowa. Economy Advertising Company, Iowa City. Gordon -Van Tine Company 1992 117 House Designs ofthe Twenties. Gordon -Van Tine Company, Davenport, Iowa. Reprinted 1992, joint publication of The Athenaeum of Philadelphia and Dover Publications, New York. Originally published in 1923 by the Gordon -Van Tine Company as Gordon -Van Tine Homes. Gowans, Alan 1986 The Comfortable House North American Suburban Architecture, 1890-1930. The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts. 1992 Styles and Types of North American Architecture: Social Function and Cultural Expression. HarperCollins Publishers, New York. Home Builder's Catalog 1927 Home Builders Catalog of 1927. Home Builders Catalog, Chicago. Iowa Citizen, The (Iowa City, Iowa) 1914 Aladdin Houses to Be Tried Here. Iowa City Citizen, August 19, 1914. Iowa City Press -Citizen (Iowa City, Iowa) 1922 Harry C. Smith Dies at Home of Daughter. Iowa City Press -Citizen, December I9, 1922. Iowa Geographic Map Server 2015 1930s-2014 Aerial Photographs of Iowa City, Iowa. Iowa State University Geographic Information Systems Facility, Ames, Iowa Geographic Server internet web site (hqp://ortho.jzis.iastate.edu/); accessed December 2014—August 2015. Jacobson, James 1982 Iowa Site Inventory Form --The Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad Passenger Depot. On file, Department of Cultural Affairs, State Historical Society of Iowa, Des Moines. 24 OSA Technical Report 121 Johnson County, Iowa, Assessor 2015 Iowa City Property Records, Johnson County, Iowa, Assessors Office, intemet web site (http://iowacity.iowaassessors.com/), accessed April 2015. Keyes, MargaretN. 1966 Nineteenth Century Home Architecture oflowa City. University of Iowa Press, Iowa City, Iowa. 1993 Nineteenth Century Home Architecture of Iowa City. Revised edition. University of Iowa Press, Iowa City, Iowa. Knox County [Tennessee] Public Library 2015 Biography: George F. Barber. Provided by the Knox County, Tennessee, Public Library, Knoxville, Tennessee. Available on the Knox County Public Library intemet web site at http://cmdc.knoxlib.org/cdm/about; accessed May 11, 2015. Lafore, Laurence 1979 American Classic. Iowa State Historical Department/Division of the State Historical Society, Iowa City. Langton, Diane 2014 Moffitt Cottages: Eccentric cottages have a long history in Iowa City area. Accessed 3/27/2015 at http://thegazette.com/2013/05/05/moffit-cottages. Magnuson, Linda Westcott 1980 Sheets and Company: An Iowa City Builder/Architect Firm 1870-1905. Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Home Economics in the Graduate College of The University of Iowa. Copy on file, University of Iowa Libraries, Iowa City. McAlester, Virginia and Lee 1984 A Field Guide to American Houses. Knopf Publishers, New York. McKee, Ann Milkovich 1995 Simulated Masonry. From Twentieth Century Building Materials. McGraw-Hill Companies -Archetype Press, Washington, D.C. Mildred Mead Collection ca. 1960s Iowa City —Streets —Residential folder, Image numbers 2-3-3, 2-4-2, 2-4-3. Mildred Mead Collection. On file, State Historical Society of Iowa Library, Iowa City. Merry, Carl A. 1989 Historical Archaeology at the Kendallville Mill. Journal of the Iowa Archaeological Society, Vol. 36. Published by the Iowa Archaeological Society, Iowa City. Moen, Monica 1986 Iowa Site InventoryForm #52-01573-602 S. Dubuque Street, Iowa City, Iowa. On file, Department of Cultural Affairs, State Historical Society of Iowa, Des Moines. National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior 1997 How to Apply the National Register Criteria for Evaluation. National Register Bulletin. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Naumann, Molly Myers 1990a Iowa Site Inventory Form #52-02157. On file, Department of Cultural Affairs, State Historical Society of Iowa, Des Moines. 1990b Iowa Site Inventory Form #52-01754.On file, Department of Cultural Affairs, State Historical Society of Iowa, Des Moines. Oelung Photographic Collection 1960-1965 Oelung Photographic Collection. On file, State Historical Society of Iowa Library, Iowa City. Quad -City Times 2007 The Faces of Gordon -Van Tine. Quad -City Times, October 14, 2007. Accessed 4/8/2015 at http://gctimes. com/lifestyles/home-and-garden/the-faces-of-gordon-van-tine/article_Ofef643b-dbd9-5 fba- 8dcb-feda4ba25935.html. Radford, William A. 1906 Cement Houses And How To Build Them. The Radford Architectural Company, Chicago. 1911 Radford's Portfolio of Details ofBuilding Construction. The Radford Architectural Company, Chicago. Reiff, Daniel D. 2000 Houses from Books: Treatises, Pattern Books, and Catalogs in American Architecture, 1738-1950: A History and Guide. The Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park, Pennsylvania. 25 OSA Technical Report 121 Rogers, Leah D. and Mellissa A. Allen 2012 Ranshaw, Samuel and Emma A. House, North Liberty, Johnson County, Iowa. National Register of Historic Places Registration Form 2012. Accessed 3/6/2015 at http://northlibertyiowa.org/wp- content/uploads/2011 /04/Ranshaw-Final-Nomination-07-26-12.pdf Ruger, A. 1868 Bird's Eye View oflawa Ciry, Johnson County, Iowa. Chicago Lithographing Company, Chicago. Sanborn Map Company 1906 Iowa City, Iowa. Sanborn Map Company, New York, 1912 Iowa City, Iowa. Sanborn Map Company, New York. 1920 Iowa City, Iowa. Sanborn Map Company, New York. 1926 Iowa City, Iowa. Sanborn Map Company, New York. 1933 Iowa City, Iowa. Sanborn Map Company, New York. 1948 Iowa City, Iowa. 1933 map updated through 1948. Sanborn Map Company, New York. Sanborn Map and Publishing Company 1883 Iowa City, Iowa. Sanborn Map and Publishing Company, New York. 1888 Iowa City, Iowa. Sanborn Map and Publishing Company, New York. Sanborn -Perris Map Company 1892 Iowa City, Iowa. Sanbom-Perris Map Company, New York, 1899 Iowa City, Iowa. Sanbom-Perris Map Company, New York. Saxton, Glenn L. 1914 The Plan Book ofAmerican Dwellings. Glen L. Saxton Publisher, Minneapolis. Minnesota. Scott, John Beldon and Rodney P. Lehnertz 2008 The University oflowa Guide to Campus Architecture (Iowa City, Iowa). The University of Iowa Press, pgs. 45-46. Sears, Roebuck and Company 1928 Honor Built Modern Homes. Sears, Roebuck and Company, Chicago. Simpson, Pamela H., Harry J. Hunderman and Deborah Slaton 1995 Concrete Block. In Twentieth -Century Building Materials: History and Conservation. Edited by Thomas C. Jester. The McGraw-Hill Companies, New York. Soike, Lowell J. 1989 Draft: Flour Milling and Related Buildings and Structures in Iowa 1840-1930. Multiple Property Document. Bureau of Historic Preservation. On file, Department of Cultural Affairs, State Historical Society of Iowa, Des Moines. State Historical Society of Iowa [SHSI] 2005 Iowa Site Inventory Form: How to Complete the Form. State Historical Society of Iowa, Des Moines. Svendsen, Marlys A. 2004b Melrose Historic District, Iowa City, Johnson County, Iowa. National Register of Historic Places Registration Form. Copy on file, Department of Cultural Affairs, Des Moines. United States Geological Survey 1994 Iowa City West, Iowa, 7.5' Series Quadrangle Map. Vaughan, Francis and Suzanne 1983 McConnell -Bristol House. National Register of Historic Places Nomination Form and Iowa Site Inventory Form #52-02157. On file, Department of Cultural Affairs, State Historical Society of Iowa, Des Moines. Weber, Irving 1976 George Hummer Carnegie Library Building Committee. Irving Weber's Iowa City, Vol. 1 p. 31. Published by Iowa City Noon Lions Club, Iowa City. Accessed 5/4/2015 at http://digital.lib.uiowa. edu/cdm/compoundobj ect/collection/weber/id/2862/show/2618/rec/8. 1980 Feed Mills Gave Way to More Modem Businesses. Iowa City Press Citizen, Saturday, August 16, 1980, p. 16A. Iowa City Press Citizen, Iowa City, Iowa. Accessed 5/4/2015 at http://digital.lib,uiowa.edu/cdm/compoundobj ecVcollection/weberJid/2862/show/2618/rec 1983 The Bob and Henry comer has a rich history. Iowa City Press Citizen Clippings, September 17, 1983, p. 6B. Iowa City Press Citizen, Iowa City, Iowa. Accessed 5/4/2015 at http://digital.lib.uiowa.edu/cdm/compoundobjecUcollection/webertid/3340/show/3327/rec/l , 1985a Hummer Wholesale Grocer Company, SW comer Washington and Linn Streets. Irving Weber's Iowa City, Vol. 3, Jr. 207. Published by Iowa City Noon Lions Club, Iowa City. Accessed 5/4/2015 at http://digital.lib.uiowa.edu/cdm/compoundobj ect/collection/weber/id/3340/show/3327/rec/l . 26 OSA Technical Report 121 1985b Irving Weber's Iowa City, Vol. 4, Article 135, p. 79. Published by Iowa City Lions Club, Iowa City. Accessed 5/4/2015 at http://digital.lib.uiowa.edu/cdm/compoundobj ect/coBection/weber/id/2862/show/2618/rec 1987 Sheridan Coal Company and Hummer Mercantile Company. Irving Weber's Iowa City, Vol. 4, p. 281. Published by Iowa City Noon Lions Club, Iowa City. Accessed 5/4/2015 at http://digital.lib.uiowa.edu/cdm/compoundobj ect/collection/weber/id/31561show/3089/rec/3. 1989 Iowa City's Rooming Houses. Irving Weber's Iowa City, Vol. 5, Article 652, p. 63.Originally ran October 22, 1987. Published by Iowa City Noon Lions Club, Iowa City. Accessed 7/20/2015 at http://digital.lib.uiowa.edu/cdm/compoundobj ect/collection/weberlid/3156/show/3089/rec/3, 1990 Hummer Mercantile Company-800 Block South Clinton Street Irving Weber's Iowa City, Vol. 6, p. 168. Published by Iowa City Host Noon Lions Club, Iowa City. Accessed 5/4/2015 at http://digital.lib.uiowa,edu/cdm/compoundobj ect/collecf on/weber/id/3156/show/3089/rec/3. 1992 Dietz and Hummer Mill. Irving Weber's Iowa City, Vol. 7, p. 48. Published by Iowa City Noon Lions Club, Iowa City. Accessed 5/4/2015 at http://digital.lib.uiowa. edu/cdm/compoundobj ect/collection/weber/id/225 8/show/2059/rec/2. 1997 The Old Hummer, Later Katzenmeyer Feed Mill Made Over for Lawyer's Office in 1975. Irving Weber's Iowa City, Vol 7, p. 241. Published by Iowa City Host Noon Lions Club, Iowa City. Accessed 5/4/2015 at http://digital, lib.uiowa. edu/cdm/compoundobj ect/collection/weber/id/2258/show/2252/rec/23. Wolicki, Dale Patrick 2002 Gordon -Van Tine Magazine. Accessed 5/1/2015 at http://www.gordonvantine.com/imnag.php. 27 OSA Technical Report 121 WTEPc140 �A-'1 000 1,500 0 3,000 Feet N CStudy Area [N Figure 1. Location of Southside Neighborhood survey area, Iowa City, Iowa. Source: USGS Iowa City West, Iowa, (1994), 7.5'series quadrangle map. 28 OSA Technical Report 121 MOV ��/�f ' �a+,v,m a«•"°�•+wxgsaw. 'T,'y"v `K�rKa� , 3e {� 5 ], if }j( f }$�F5 �., Epp. try, •_ ��.►'' i� a _MW rr �+ r Figure 2. Location of sites recorded in Southside Neighborhood survey area, Iowa City, Iowa. Source: USGS Iowa City West, Iowa, (1994), 7.5'series quadrangle map. 29 Y1 4w, Ly. 1 n It OSA Technical Report 121 YAK .• )R" i- � 4� L11':• fib'- +�::�Y �y'.`1aLy�tt� ��,,,,,,__ �hit,.,,y�yy'' 'tie e'y F TL r V T,1► � y} 4%'47r7 ._ tea. i - -•+,�.•,7 f +s .•p t `4 Wt. ...... , e y 4 `! yr_ Cab 4•1 &' "LAD �F��• Figure 4. Top: The survey area overlain on Ruger's 1868 bird's-eye view map of Iowa City. Bottom: Detail of 1868 map showing rail tracks over Maiden Lane, the location of the McConnell House (52- 02157) and the Cyrus and Mary Goodrich House (52-05315). Note Lyon's mansion with grain elevator to right along with the train station, engine house, and warehouse. Source: both Ruger 1868. 31 OSA Technical Report 121 Figure 5. Top: View of S. Clinton Street neighborhood, court house, and S. Gilbert Street manufacturing area from the S. Linn Street rail overpass (now on S. Gilbert Street) to Burlington Street. Note numerous mills with smokestacks on S. Gilbert Street. Bottom. Detail of manufacturing area showing the Iowa City Mills on S. Gilbert Street. Note the combination of industry and housing. Source: both Ruger 1868. 32 OSA Technical Report 121 52-01573 -o 52-05299 52--05300 •; r�+e,�y 1,i��•�•v�,' •s .. ,�• .;-: �`�� 'ram. 52-05302 � 1 k. a 52-05300 52-01573 (%'1 52-05291 1Q 52-05302 52-05299 / • f r(i�Mn �J�• D NAV ' ,D �/D 2`D , �:� LL-.-._.9 ID 602 6U6 U9 6/U 67t1 620 Me Figure 6. Top: Detail of the 600 block of S. Dubuque Street showing location of recorded sites (Ruger 1868). Bottom: 1906 map of same block showing house (52-05299) at 606 (now 604) S. Dubuque; three non -extant brick cottages at 608 (52-05300), 610 (52-05291) and 614 S. Dubuque; and the ca. 1868 house (52-05302) at 620 S. Dubuque, now integrated into the commercial building to the south (52-05302 and 52-05303). Source: Sanborn Map Co. 1906. 33 OSA Technical Report 121 52-02157 s McConnell -Bristol House l 52-05318 Gifford Flats AINz ® W 0 A / I N A L rO W N © ` 91 8 26 End of �OWr WA N Interurban Rail 4 e ® a ° Road Line E COURT �¢ C=1' 52-05316 , �, I Carlson Hous Cn a 4 i 0 6 ygyg Y •rI pi�5 O •'I i O' m3 `' • E EDTE 52-05313 __s Holscher House I r w 52-05323 a Sheets Rental Duplex , . ` ° o, 52-05311 } V J a ,E < Baker -Hobby House d• .........?� -_ :.a. 4t nn. .., BOWERY ... ........ {xMp.-..{i... Figure 7. The 1912 Sanborn map of the intersection of Van Buren and Johnson streets north and south of Bowery Street. Note location of 52-02157 (McConnell -Bristol House), 52-05311 (Baker -Hobby House), 52-05313 (Herman and Henrietta Holscher House), 52-05316 (Charles and Elizabeth Carlson House 1), 52-05318 (Gifford Flats), and 52-05323 (James M. and Caroline L. Sheets Rental Duplex). Source: Sanborn Map Co. 1912:16. 34 OSA Technical Report 121 y JrO.% / xM. Z U eaRa. s GD6%. xa M'JTCNYJA'. NfwT: _•rlwr �" � FL2LrLOxtSC01: Lp ik Grt3T / bRN aN LLLI WSTE.T S JMx¢ NOa[, CY��J / EO t Pa / I•' �� "" � / ROD / M, EN r R coo, ! ^ t» : z xu// VA PR/ xTPr s I / 'fxL C016 R/ aaaat t .0 `I1rIfvJ/ef• J id / wx /a r �r•� - ` aM' z �L wO xwva x .a u� If�LY/rt�i)IJ�/. &A arYan. + �.• \ t. _If.w'rr Later f/Er.; /w/rawc an II II II II IA 52-01753 Hummer Mill THE 1AINNER MILL CO. N II 6,4n e. RT 52-01754 {+�� THE G£O, HUMMER Hummer Mercantile v M£LLCRHr/LE CO. WNOUSxLf 6004 ak f.r/£J. iv WOOD IOJII ice,/�� ra,e�wi II I C E_j wLa IaaDaa p f-£[A/OTOR I Q//LJ 1� t A /ae Figure 8. The 1906 Sanborn map of The Hummer Mill Company (Iowa City Mills) and the George Hummer Mercantile Company Building at the intersection of E. Court and S. Gilbert streets. Note cribs to rear of flour mill that later became coal yard (Sanborn Map Co. 1906:15). 35 OSA Technical Report 121 S. Johnson St. ? � ti c; I D 52-02155 ! ? i .rit) Andrew and Sophia • a �. ; �� 1 Karas House A '(' L 1 n� 52-05318 � 11 Gifford Flats � .:.-; q 0 0 i 52-05317 I r11 1 Charles and Elizabeth 2 11. t% Carson House 11 52-05316 Charles and Elizabeth Carlson House 1 A 52-15320 William and Nellie Warren House E. Court St. r 1 222 LP • Figure 9. The 1933 Sanborn map of the 300 block of S. Johnson Street and 600 block of E. Court Street showing locations of the five buildings in the possible Gifford Flats Historic District. 36 OSA Technical Report 121 Appendix I: Historical Architectural Data Base Form No. 52-177 OSA Technical Report 121 38 Historical Architectural Data Base Data Entry Form for Studies and Reports Doc. No.: 52-117 Source of Study: ❑ Certified Local Government Project ❑ Section 106 Review & Compliance Project ❑ Historical Resource Development Program Project E Other Project Reference #: Authors/Editor/Compiler/Originator: Richard J. Carlson and Marlin R Ingalls Author Role: ® Consultant ❑ Private Researcher/Writer ❑ Teacher ❑ Student ❑ Project employee/volunteer ❑ Site Administrator ❑ Other: Title of Work: Phase I Intensive Historic Architectural Survey of the Sabin School and Southside Iowa Citv Neighborhood, Johnson County, Iowa Year Issued: 2015 Type of Work Performed: (check one only) Survey: ❑ Windshield survey minimum level documentation ❑ Reconnaissance survey to make recommendations for intensive survey(s). ® Intensive survey ❑ Mixed intensive and reconnaissance survey Plan: ❑ Planning for Preservation/Survey ❑ Community Preservation Plan Property Study ❑ Iowa Historic Property Documentation Study ❑ Historic Structure Report ❑ Historic American Building Survey (HABS) ❑ Feasibility/Re-use Study ❑ Historic American Engineering Record (HAER) ❑ Architectural/Engineering ❑ Management or Master Plan Plans and Specs. National Register: ❑ Multiple Property Documentation Form Other (e.g., private research, school project, video): "ADD Fmm 12/1P 9 Phase I Intensive Historic Architectural Survey of the Sabin School and Southside Iowa City Neighborhood, Johnson County, Iowa 52-117 Kind of Work Produced: ill in one section only: Report or Monograph or Chapter, etc.) Report: Published/produced by: Office of the State Archaeologist Place issued: Iowa Ci Client: The University of Iowa Ifapplicahle, include: Series Title: Technical Report Volume #: Report #: 121 Monograph: Publisher Name: Place: Chapter: In: First pg. #: Last pg. #: Journal: Name: Vol. No. Pages: to Thesis: Degree (check one): ❑ Ph.D. ❑ LL.D. ❑ M.A. ❑ M.S. ❑ B.A. ❑ B.S. Name of College/University: Paper: Meeting: Place: Other: Geographic Scope of Study: ® City/town ❑ Township(s) ❑ County ❑ Region of Iowa ❑ Statewide ❑ Other: State: IA County: Johnson Town: Iowa Ci Township: Range: Time Focus: (check any decades that receive particular attention) ❑ before 1830 ❑ 1830s ❑ 1840s ❑ 1850s ® 1860s ® 1870s ® 1880s ® 1890s ® 1900s ® 1910s ® 1920s ❑ 1930s ❑ 1940s ❑ 1950s ❑ 1960s ❑ 1970s ❑ 1980/later Keyword: (Index of any subjects, topics, or people given prominent attention in the report) Southside Neighborhood, Iowa City Industrial Development, Iowa City Duplexes, Iowa City Concrete Block Construction Apartment houses, Iowa City Barber, George F., & Co., Knoxville, TN Flour mills. Iowa African -American History, Iowa City Iowa City Mills, Iowa City Tate, Elizabeth Hummer Mill. Iowa Citv Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railroad Architects, Iowa Ci Builders, Iowa City HADB Form 12/U99 OSA Technical Report 121 Appendix II: Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Historic District NRHP Nomination 39 OSA Technical Report 121 m NPS FOnn 10-900 OMB No. 10024-0018 (Oct. 1990) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Registration Form This form is for use in nominating or requesting determinations for individual properties and districts. See instructions in How to Complete the National Register of Historic Places Registration Form (National Register Bulletin 16A). Complete each item by marking "x" in the appropriate box or by entering the information requested. If an item does not apply to the property being documented, enter "N/A" for "not applicable." For functions, architectural classification, materials and areas of significance, enter only categories and subcategories from the instructions. Place additional entries and narrative items on continuation sheets (NPS Form 10-900a). Use a typewriter, word processor, or computer, to complete all items. nlsionc name Gunton s other names/site number 2. Location street & number 530-62 city or town Iowa City not for publication [N/A] vicinity state Iowa code IA county Johnson code 103 zip code 52240 3. State/Federal Apency Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended, I hereby certify that this t x] nomination L] request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60. In my opinion, the property NJ meets Lj does not meet the National Register criteria. I recommend that this property be considered significant L] nationally L] statewide Lxj locally. (L] see continuation sheet for additional comments). Signature of certifying official/Title Date State or Federal agency and bureau In my opinion, the property L] meets Lj does not meet the National Register criteria. (Lj See continuation sheet for additional comments.) Signature of certifying official/Title Date State or Federal agency and bureau I hereby certify that the property is: Lj entered in the National Register. Lj See continuation sheet. L] determined eligible for the National Register. [_] See continuation sheet. f ] determined not eligible for the National Register. L] removed from the National Register. L] other, (explain:) bignature of the Keeper Date of Action Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Historic District Iowa City Johnson County, Iowa Name of Property County and State (Check as many boxes as apply) (Check only one box) [X] private L] building(s) L] public -local jX] district L] public -State L] site L] public -Federal L] structure L] object Name of related multiple property listing (Enter "N/A" if property is not part of a multiple property listing.) N/A (Enter categories from instructions) DOMESTIC/single dwelling DOMESTIC/multiple dwelling DOMESTIC/hotel COMMERCE/restaurant TRANSPORTATION/rail-related Number Of Kesources witnin Yropeny (Do not include previously listed resources in the count.) Contributing Noncontributing 9 6 buildings sites structures objects Total Number of contributing resources previously listed in the National Register (Enter categories from instructions) DOMESTIC/multiple dwelling COMMERCE/business 7 Description Architectural Classification Materials (Enter categories from instructions) (Enter categories from instructions) LATE VICTORIAN/Stick LATE VICTORIAN/Queen Anne LATE VICTORIAN/Romanesque foundation CONCRETE walls WOOD: Weatherboard roof ASPHALT other Narrative Description (Describe the historic and current condition of the property on one or more continuation sheets.) Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Historic District Iowa City Johnson County, Iowa Name of Property County and State Applicable National Register Criteria (Mark "x' in one or more boxes for the criteria qualifying the property for National Register listing.) L] A Property is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history. L] B Property is associated with the lives of persons significant in our past. [X] C Property embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction or represents the work of a master, or possesses high artistic values, or represents a significant and distinguishable entity whose components lack individual distinction. L] D Property has yielded, or is likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history. Criteria Considerations (Mark'Y' in all the boxes that apply.) Property is: L] A owned by a religious institution or used for religious purposes. L] B removed from its original location. L] C a birthplace or grave. L] D a cemetery. L] E a reconstructed building, object, or structure. L] F a commemorative property. L] G less than 50 years of age or achieved significance within the past 50 years. Narrative Statement of Significance (Explain the significance of the property on one or more continuation sheets.) (Enter categories from instructions) ARCHITECTURE COMMUNITY PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT TRANSPORTATION Period of Significance ca. 1878-1948 Significant Dates 1898 1901 Significant Person (Complete if Criterion B is marked above) Cultural Affiliation Arch itectlBulider Carpenter, Orville Homer Barber, Georqe Franklin. and Company (Cite the books, articles, and other sources used in preparing this form on one or more continuation sheets.) Previous documentation on file (NPS): Primary location of additional data: L] preliminary determination of individual listing [X] State Historic Preservation Office (36 CFR 67) has been requested L] Other State agency U previously listed in the National Register L] Federal agency L] previously determined eligible by the National [X] Local government Register L] University L] designated a National Historic Landmark L] Other L] recorded by Historic American Buildings Survey Name of repository: L] recorded by Historic American Engineering Record # Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Historic District Iowa City Johnson County, Iowa Name of Property County and State 5.0 acres UTM References (Place additional UTM references on a continuation sheet.) 1 1f 51 622038 [46123711 2 f 1_1 f 1 1 1 1 1 1 f 1 1 1 1 1 l 1 Zone Easting Northing Zone Easting Northing sill fllllllflllllll 4 [ 1 1 [ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 [_I See continuation sheet Verbal Boundary Description (Describe the boundaries of the property on a continuation sheet.) Boundary Justification (Explain why the boundaries were selected on a continuation sheet.) 11 Form Prepared By name/title Richard Carlson/Architectural Historian organization Iowa Office of the State Archaeologist date April 13 2015 street & number 700 Clinton Street Building telephone (319) 384-0727 city or town Iowa City state IA zip code 52242-1030 with the complete form: Continuation Sheets Maps A USGS map (7.5 or 15 minute series) indicating the property's location. A Sketch map for historic districts and properties having large acreage o� numerous resources. Photographs Representative black and white photographs of the property. Additional items (Check with the SHPO or FPO for any additional items) request of SHPO or FPO.) name street & number city or town telephone state zip code Paperwork Reduction Act Statement: This information is being collected for applications to the National Register of Historic Places to nominate properties for listing or determine eligibility for listing, to list properties, and to amend existing listings. Response to this request is required to obtain a benefit in accordance with the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended (16 U.S.C. 470 et seg.). Estimated Burden Statement: Public reporting burden for this form is estimated to average 18.1 hours per response including time for reviewing instructions, gathering and maintaining data, and completing and reviewing the form. Direct comments regarding this burden estimate or any aspect of this form to the Chief, Administrative Services Division, National Park Service, P.O. Box 37127, Washington, DC 20013-7127; and the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reductions Projects (1024-0018), Washington, DC 20503. NPS Form 10-900-a OMB Approval No. 1024M18 (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 1 Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Historic District Johnson County, Iowa 5. Name of Related Multiple Property Listing The present nomination is being submitted as a stand-alone historic district nomination rather than as part of the "Historic Resources of Iowa City, Iowa," National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Listing.' This decision was made because the registration requirements outlined in that Multiple Property Listing made almost no reference to historic districts, focusing instead on individual properties. Since the eligibility and integrity requirements of individually eligible properties are not the same as those of contributing resources in historic districts, it was decided not to submit the present historic district nomination as part of the existing Multiple Property Listing. Architectural Classification (continued) LATE 19TH AND EARLY 20TH CENTURY AMERICAN MOVEMENTS/Foursquare Materials (continued) Foundation. STONE OTHER: Clay Tile Walls. SYNTHETICS: Vinyl BRICK Roof. OTHER: Clay Tile Narrative Description The Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Historic District is a small historic district in the Near Southside neighborhood of Iowa City, Iowa (Figures 1 and 2). Iowa City was established in 1839 as the Iowa territorial capital, and a year later also became the county seat of Johnson County. The oldest part of the city is located on a low bluff lying east of the Iowa River and just south of a sharp curve in the river as it flows downstream from the northwest. The only other principal body of water in the original town is Ralston Creek, which flows in a southwesterly direction to join the Iowa River about a mile south of the downtown. The historical land uses in the older sections of the city are fairly sharply divided between the lowland areas of the Iowa River and Ralston Creek floodplains and the upland areas between those floodplains and east of Ralston Creek. The upland areas contained the government and state university 'Marlys A. Svendsen, "Historic Resources of Iowa City, Iowa," National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Listing, 1992; copy on file, Iowa State Historic Preservation Office, Des Moines. NPS Form 10-B . OMBAppmval No. 1024-0018 (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 2 Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Historic District Johnson County, Iowa l Clinton Street and Railroad Depot � 4 t Historic District r n N 4, A . "' 800 400 0 800 Feet I Figure 1. Iowa City, Johnson County, Iowa, with location of Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Historic District indicated. Source: U.S.G.S. Iowa City West, Iowa, 1994, 7.5 Series Quadrangle Map. NPS Form 10-900-a OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 3 Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Historic District Johnson County, Iowa r 530 114 I E::j LL E PRENTISS ST. i I Historic Imo_ District Boundary 605 1 i 603 w I I � z F6141I 613 m U I 615 0 to 617 I 619 I I 122 625 I WRIGHT ST. I—----�' �J I I I A �03 Contributing Resource Q Noncontributing Resource 709 Approximate Scale o 15o n. J 604 10 113 612 610 614 624 114 Figure 2. Map of Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Historic District, showing contributing and noncontributing resources. NPS Form 10-900-a OMBApprovalft 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 4 Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Historic District Johnson County, Iowa buildings, central business district, and a variety of residential neighborhoods. The floodplain area was generally home to industrial buildings and lower -end rental housing. Although the Iowa River and Ralston Creek form the principal natural boundaries in the historic core of Iowa City, another boundary that has existed for most of the history of the city has been the alignment of the railroad known for most of the city's history as the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific. The tracks of this railroad were extended in 1855 to Iowa City, where they terminated at the original location of the railroad passenger and freight depots, about four blocks east of the location of the 1898 passenger depot that is included in the nominated district. Within a few years after 1855, the tracks were extended west to cross the Iowa River roughly halfway between the downtown and the confluence of Ralston Creek and the Iowa River. In the Near Southside neighborhood, located in the blocks south of the central business district, the railroad extended across the southern tip of the upland area between the floodplains of the Iowa River and Ralston Creek. The areas north and south of the railroad tracks were therefore separated by both a natural topographic boundary and a man-made boundary. On the southside of Iowa City, the high ground between the Iowa River and Ralston Creek became home to a mix of working class and middle class housing, while working class residential neighborhoods and industrial development came to dominate in the floodplains to the east, west and south. The southern tip of the high ground lay just south of the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railroad tracks, at the south end of the nominated historic district. While some middle class housing was also built on the floodplain, the river bluff forms both a natural boundary and a fairly stark social demarcation line on the city's southside. The nominated district is located entirely on the upland area between the Iowa River and Ralston Creek floodplains, and all but two of the 16 properties in the district are located north of the railroad tracks. The nominated district includes the former Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railroad passenger depot located on Wright Street, built in 1898 and listed in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in 1982; an associated lunch room and hotel, built in 1899 and 1901, respectively; and a cluster of nearby residences built between about 1878 and 1915. The district's period of significance begins in ca. 1878, the date of construction of the oldest contributing building in the district, but the great majority of buildings in the district-12 out of 16—were built between about 1898 and 1915. Two were built earlier and are counted as contributing (530 and 604 S. Clinton Street), while two were built in the 1950s or later and are counted as noncontributing (610 S. Clinton Street, not visible from the street, and 703 S. Dubuque Street). The period of significance of the historic district extends to 1948, the year in which the last contributing building (612 S. Clinton Street) was moved into the district. It should be noted that the buildings in the nominated district are under constant threat of redevelopment, precisely because they are among the few remaining pre -World War 11 buildings in the Near Southside neighborhood. Other nearby landmarks representing the same historic context as the nominated district have recently been demolished or are slated for demolition in 2015. These properties include the 1918 Henry Sabin School at 509 S. Dubuque Street, scheduled to be razed in 2015 as part of the same flood mitigation project that includes the present historic district nomination; a Foursquare house immediately south of the school at 118 E. Prentiss Street, demolished in 2014; and a row of NP5 Farm 1 M000 a OMB Approval No. 1024-OWS (&86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 5 Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Historic District Johnson County, Iowa primarily pre-1875 residential buildings in the 600 block of S. Dubuque Street, three of which were demolished in 2014-2015 and the rest slated to be demolished soon. Moreover, the nominated district is located entirely within a larger area designated by the City of Iowa City as the Riverfront Crossings District, in which the city actively encourages redevelopment. With the exception of the former railroad passenger depot, the buildings in the nominated district currently lack the protection of local historic district or landmark designation or the recognition of listing in the National Register of Historic Places. Street Address Resource Name Date of Construction Contributing or 530 S. Clinton St. Paine, Eugene and Olivia, House 1893 C 604 S. Clinton St, Lee, J. Walter and May Parvin, House I ca. 1878 C 605 S. Clinton St. Lewis, George and Orrilla, House 1906 C 610 S. Clinton St. Beals, Homer and Mae, Rental House ca. 1953 NC 611 S. Clinton St. Davis, Thomas D. and Margaret, House 1904 NC 612 S. Clinton St. Lindsley, Frank D. and Penena, House 1907 (moved 1948) C 614 S. Clinton St. Donohoe, Ellen, House 1899 C 615 S. Clinton St. Patrick, Lucinda J., House 1908 NC 617 S. Clinton St. Abbott, Katherine, House 1907 (moved 1914) C 624 S. Clinton St. Hotel O'Reilly 1901 C 703 S. Dubuque St. Bill's Plumbing and Heating Building 1982 NC 709 S. Dubuque St. Am, William and Kathryn, House 1903 C 109 E. Prentiss St, Grady, Marian, House 1915 C 113 E. Prentiss St. Lee, J. Walter and May Parvin, House ca. 1898 NC IT 109-119 Wright St. Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific 1898 C (NRHP listed 1982) Railroad Passenger Depot 114 Wright St. Depot Lunch Room 1899 NC 530 S. Clinton Street. Contributing. State Inventory Number 52-01074. This 2%2-story Queen Anne -style house sits on a high foundation, which is composed of rough -coursed stone at grade level directly beneath three rows of large concrete blocks molded to imitate smooth -faced rusticated stone ashlar. The walls of the house are brick, typically laid in running bond except in the gable fields and in decorative panels. The roof is covered in composition shingles. The house has a pinwheel plan, with a central hip -roofed core from which multiple gabled wings project. A thick stone or concrete water table surrounds the house between the foundation and first story. The gable fields are typically brick, but the principal front -facing gable (which faces west) now has wide clapboard siding and a pair of modern windows, replacing the earlier gable field with a small Palladian -style window (Figure 3a). The window sills, window lintels, and decorative elements in the segmental arches over the doors and windows are all constructed of either stone or molded concrete. The latter is more likely, considering that a mail order design such as this is not likely to have required specialized stone carving, but the exact material could not be confirmed during the field investigation. NPS Forth i�" OMB Approval No. 1024-0016 (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 6 Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Historic District Johnson County, Iowa The house is notable for its many decorative features, in particular the decorative brick panels on the north, south and west facades; the carved foliate patterns in the panels between the upper window sash and the segmental brick arches above them in the principal first story windows on the west and south facades; and the use of large stone or concrete keystones and corner blocks in the segmentally arched window and door openings on the principal first and second story windows. The decorative brick panels occur in three places on the house. A large panel is located on the front (west) facade in the second story over the front entrance, while a pair of much smaller panels separated by a brick column is located on each of the north and south facades between the second story window lintels and third story window sills. These panels are composed of a central checkerboard with alternating recessed and projecting header bricks, enclosed within a rectangle of decorative square bricks. Each square brick has one of two decorative patterns that alternate around the boundary. The foliate patterns in the panel between the windows and segmental arches consist of a central stylized floral design with stylized leaved vines extending from it in both directions. The molding over the principal first story window on the west facade is the most elaborate on the house. It is capped by a large masonry panel rather than a segmental arch, and this panel, like the smaller wooden panels above the other windows, is carved with a stylized floral design different from the ones found elsewhere on the house. In the wood panel below it, in the space where the stylized flower design is found elsewhere, is the date "1893." It is not known whether this date is original to the house or was added later. Based on historic images of the house, the principal changes have been to the porches and front - facing gable. The original front porch and a smaller rear porch on the southeast corner have been removed. The front porch has been replaced by a small modern deck, while the rear porch has not been replaced, and the two doors leading to it have been sealed. A small deck also serves as the present porch on the rear (east) facade, replacing an earlier porch (not shown in any known photograph, but shown on the floor plan reproduced here as Figure 3b). The other major change, as noted above, has been the replacement of the original window and siding in the front -facing gable field with wide clapboard siding and modern (ca. 1960s) windows. The shed -roofed dormer on the north side of the same gable appears to have been added at the same time the change to the front -facing gable field was made. 604 S. Clinton Street, Contributing. State Inventory Number 52-05294. This two-story, Stick Style house has a tile block foundation, according to the Johnson County, Iowa, Assessor's Office. The exterior of the foundation is now covered by stucco, so the material cannot be confirmed, although a tile block foundation would be consistent with the date of 1915 when the house is said to have been raised (see Section 8 below). The walls are clad in clapboards, and the cross -gabled roof is covered in composition shingles. The house exhibits complex massing. The core of this house is a T/2-story gable - on -hip central section combined with a cross -gabled L-shaped section on the south and east. The steeply 'Historic images of the house can be seen in Figure 3a and in Margaret N. Keyes, Nineteenth Century Home Architecture of7owa City (Iowa City, Iowa: University of Iowa Press, 1966), p. 105. Keyes calls this building the Paine-Penningroth House (pp. 103-104). Based on these sources, the principal changes to the building were made between 1947 and 1966. NPS Form 10-900-a OMB Appmval No. f024 18 (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 7 Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Historic District Johnson County, Iowa pitched roof of the central hipped section is capped by a small gabled section with windows in the north and south gable fields. Two gable -roofed wings extend from the hipped core, forming an L. The principal gables face west and north onto Clinton and Prentiss streets, respectively, and a secondary gable faces south. The north -facing gabled wing ends in a three -sided bay window. In addition, a small rectangular gable -roofed entrance wing extends from the northwest corner of the hip -roofed section at a 45 degree angle. A broad hip -roofed veranda extends from the west end of the north -facing gabled wing around the front of the house west and south to the south end of the west -facing gabled wing. The house is most notable for its Stick Style decorative details, some of which are similar to late Italianate features, but are typically more rectilinear and less robust. These include a decorative Stick Style frieze band that extends around the house under the second -story eaves; decorative brackets in the three principal gables as well as in the gable of the smaller entrance wing; and decorative window and door surrounds, including fairly elaborate hood moldings that feature a variety of decorative details based on rectilinear motifs. Fishscale shingles in the gable fields of the gable -on -hip section are more characteristic of the later Queen Anne style than the Stick Style. It is not clear whether these shingles were added later or represent an unusually early use of such shingles. The windows on the house are typically tall, single or paired 1/1-light sash windows, which may be modern replacements. The front door is a modern single -leaf door with a sidelight and transom, which probably replaced an earlier double -leaf door. The front porch, probably the same one added in 1915, is much simpler in design. It features broad posts with inset panels and simple classical moldings, a solid railing, and no cornice or frieze decoration. It is not known to what extent the porch has been altered since 1915. 605 S. Clinton Street. Contributing. State Inventory Number 52-05295. This 2Y2-story front - gabled house is an example of what Virginia and Lee McAlester call the Free Classic variation of the Queen Anne style.' County assessor's records state that the house has a stone foundation. The foundation is painted on the exterior, so it was not clear during the field inspection whether the material is stone or concrete block. The house is clad in vinyl siding and has a composition shingle roof with flared eaves. The massing is somewhat complex, with three-story wings projecting from near the centers of the north and south facades, as well as a recessed area on the front facade from which a three -sided bay window projects. The north and south wings are capped by shed roofs that extend from the main gable peak and permit a nearly full -height room under the roofs. The wings also have cutaway bays on the first story. The house displays a variety of window types, although the majority are single or paired 1/1-light windows. Other types include a cottage window on the south side of the fast story of the front (east) facade, a small rectangular window on the north side of the same facade, and an oval window around the corner from this window on the north facade. The windows have simple classical drip moldings. The front door is modern, and the windows may also be replacements, although they appear to be placed in original openings, Fire insurance maps show that a small one-story wing on the rear is original to the building. 3 Virginia and Lee McAlester, A Field Guide to American Houses (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1984), p. 264. NPS Farm 10-900-a OMB Approval No 1024-0018 (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 8 Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Historic District Johnson County, Iowa 610 S. Clinton Street. Noncontributing. This small, one-story house is located to the rear of 612 S. Clinton Street. The house appears to date to the decade or two following the end of World War II, and was probably built around 1953. It is a simple gable -roofed box with a smaller gable -roofed wing to the east. It sits on a poured concrete foundation and is clad in vinyl siding, although the original clapboard siding remains evident beneath the vinyl. Its gabled roof, which has close eaves and rakes, is covered in composition shingles. The front door is located at the west end of the south facade. The house has paired 1/1-light windows on the south facade, a one -light window and vent in the east gable end, and 1/1-light windows on the north and west. The smaller east wing is well supplied with roof vents; of the five vents along the north slope of the roof, three are located in the rear wing. 611 S. Clinton Street. Noncontributing. This three-story front -gabled building has been substantially remodeled from a two-story hip -roofed house built in 1904, details of which can still be seen on the north, south and west sides of the building. The original massing, roofline and front porch can be seen in Figure 4. The building rests in part on its original stone foundation, although the front section and rear wing both rest on modern smooth -faced concrete block foundations. The stone in the main part of the foundation is irregularly shaped and rough -coursed at grade level, but three layers of larger and more decorative rock -faced stone ashlar separate the grade -level foundation from the frame superstructure. The building is clad in vinyl siding and has a composition single roof. Windows and doors throughout the building are modern replacements, including 1/1-light windows and a sliding glass door on the front facade. The original front porch has also been removed. On the north and south sides, original cutaway bay windows remain in place, with decorative brackets under the second -story overhangs. A stepped line on the north facade extending down the side of the building from the original second story cornice line to the ground level appears to indicate the former location of the front of the building, which has been extended to the front as well as to a third story. The north facade also has two non -rectangular windows that may be original. One is an oval window on the second story of the cutaway bay wing. The other is a round -topped window located just to the front (east) of this bay between the first and second stories, probably indicating the location of a staircase. All other windows on the house are rectangular. Original hip -roofed dormer windows are located above the two cutaway bays, although the dormers have been truncated slightly on the ends farthest from the exterior wall since the new third story has been built straight up from the original wall plane. The original wide cornice has been removed from the front section of the house, but remains in the rear section. An extensive set of modern wooden staircases and decks has been constructed at the rear of the building. 612 S. Clinton Street. Contributing. This 2Yz-story, gambrel -roofed building sits on a smooth - faced concrete block foundation that appears to date to the time the building was moved to its present site in 1948 (Figures 5 and 6). It is clad in narrow clapboard siding and has a composition shingle roof. The principal gambrels face to the north and south sides, although the front facade has a two-story cross - gambrel projection on the second story. This projection features the most unusual architectural detail on the house, a central semi -circular recessed area reminiscent of a shell. This shell-like recess is situated at the bottom of a slightly projecting gable peak. The windows on the house are typically 1/1-light windows NPS Form 10-900 OMB Appmval No. 1024-0018 ("s) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 9 Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Historic District Johnson County, Iowa under simple classical drip moldings. The two windows on the fast story of the front facade are slightly broader than others on the house, though not quite broad enough to be characterized as cottage windows. Another decorative feature of the house is the one-story, rectangular bay window centered on the north facade. This bay window features a Palladian -style window above a basement entrance and a row of dentils under the eave. A second three -sided bay window (not rectangular) is located at the rear of the south facade. The rear facade has a two-story, cross -gambrel wall dormer. The side and rear gambrel roofs display open cornice returns. The posts, railing and deck of the front porch are not original to the house, although the roof (including the wide cornice with a row of dentils beneath it) appears to be original (see Figures 5 and 6). The rest of the porch is compatible in style with the house, with large square posts replacing the original posts (round posts with composite capitals), and turned spindles in the railing that appear similar to those in the original porch. A small rear wing is half enclosed, half an open porch with screened walls. Aside from the front porch and the 1940s foundation, the house appears to have undergone very few changes since it was first built. One second -story window on the north facade has been made larger, and the window in the gable peak on the same facade has been changed from a three-part window to a modem two-part sliding window. Some of the windows on the south facade may also have been changed to provide egress windows. On the whole, however, this house retains a high degree of integrity of design, materials and workmanship. 614 S. Clinton Street, Contributing, This 2 /z-story house consists of a front -gabled section that extends the length of the house and a large cross -gabled wing with a gambrel roof that extends to the south. The house has a stone foundation under the front section and a rock -faced concrete block foundation under the rear sections. The house is clad in Masonite or a similar hardboard siding. The roof is covered in composition shingles. The roof on the front facade features a broad gable with a pent roof, while the gable roof on the rear has open returns. The gambrel roof of the large wing on the south extends down to the first story, and is centered over a cutaway bay window. A shallower but taller projection on the north facade, two stories tall, is covered by a small gabled roof. The eaves are fairly wide. Most windows appear to be single or paired 1/1-light windows with replacement sash, although the fenestration pattern appears to be original. Exceptions to the general pattern include a cottage window on the front (west) facade and a pair of small stepped windows on the north facade that likely represent the location of a staircase. The front door is a modern replacement. A rear porch is clad in headboard siding and has a rock -faced concrete block foundation. The house retains its original massing, rootline, fenestration pattern, and some architectural details, and is therefore counted as contributing. However, its integrity has been compromised more substantially than most other contributing buildings in the nominated district. Most significantly, the original front porch has been replaced by a modern deck. Other changes include the introduction of Masonite siding, the probable replacement of the window sash, and the construction of what appears to be a non -original projection to the south at the rear of the south -facing gambrel -roofed wing. NP$ Form 10-900-a OMBAppmval No, 1024-0016 ($ 66) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 10 Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Historic District Johnson County, Iowa 615 S. Clinton Street. Noncontributing. This three-story hip -roofed building has been significantly altered from its original 2%s-story appearance, as seen in Figure 7. The house rests on a rock -faced concrete block foundation and is clad in metal imitation lap siding. Its hipped roof is covered in composition shingles. Although the house originally had projecting bay windows on the north and south facades and a gabled wall dormer with a Palladian -style window centered on the front facade, it is now a simple rectangular box displaying no original architectural details other than the foundation and front porch. Other than the front porch, the only departure from the rectangular footprint of the house is a small clapboard -sided cellar entrance located on the south side of the porch. Somewhat surprisingly, given the other changes to the house, the Colonial Revival -style front porch has remained essentially unchanged from its original appearance. The porch displays Doric posts, a railing with turned spindles, and a porch apron composed of vertical slats. The windows and doors on the house are modern, although the fenestration pattern and even the window dimensions do not appear to have been changed substantially. The windows typically have 1/1-light sash throughout the house. On the front facade they have snap -in muntin bars to imitate 6/6-light or 8/8-light windows. 617 S. Clinton Street. Contributing. This two-story, hip -roofed Foursquare building reportedly rests on a tile block foundation, according to county assessment records. While consistent with the date this house was moved to its present location, 1914, the foundation material could not be confirmed in the field because the exterior of the foundation has been coated with stucco. The house is clad in vinyl siding and has a composition shingle roof. Its windows typically have 1/1-light sash. The windows appear to be modern, but the fenestration pattern and window dimensions appear to be essentially unchanged. Original decorative details that remain in place include the central wall dormer on the front facade, which has open gable returns and a semi -circular window that appears to be original; three -sided bay windows on the north and south facades, each capped by a full pedimented gable; wide eaves; and a cottage window on the front facade. It is not clear whether or not the front door is original, since it is now concealed behind a screen door. The front porch foundation and deck appear to be original, but the posts, railing, and likely the gabled roof of the porch are modem. A one-story wing extending between the north bay window and the rear of the building is original. 624 S. Clinton Street. Contributing. State Inventory Number 52-05052. This three-story apartment building, formerly a hotel, sits on a stone foundation that is covered in stucco. The walls are brick, reportedly a brick veneer over frame structure (see the history of this building in Section 8). The low-pitched shed roof slopes from the front of the building (west side) to the rear. County assessor's records identify it as a tar and gravel roof, but this could not be verified because the roof was not visible from the street. A limestone water table extends around the building between the foundation and the brick veneers. The brick walls are laid in running bond in most places, although a few sections were observed where either the stretcher bricks had broken or header bricks were used, perhaps to correct lapping errors in the running bond. On the front facade, the first story has a central door with transom flanked by a large plate glass window on each side. The windows, like most of the windows on the building, are capped by segmental NPS Form 10-900-9 OMB APPlO O] No. 1024-0018 (8 86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 11 Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Historic District Johnson County, Iowa arches. While the front door itself is clearly not original, it appears to have been placed in an original opening, since there is no evidence that the brick has been altered around the door. The second story of the front facade echoes the first story, with two large plate glass windows on either side of a central opening, in this case a much smaller window rather than a door. This window may have replaced an earlier door, based on the appearance of the mortar between the brick directly below this window, which is different from the mortar used elsewhere on this facade. The third story is similarly symmetrical, with a pair of 1/1-light windows flanking a small 1/1-light central window. Crowning the front facade is a narrow cornice supported visually by a row of thick, squat jigsaw -cut brackets. It is not clear whether the building originally had a two-story porch as the present building does, but in any case, the present porch is modern. A photograph of the building taken in 1966 shows a different porch, with square posts and asterisk -shaped railings rather than the round posts and vertical stiles with chamfered corners seen on the present porch (see Figure 9). Although the fenestration on the front facade is symmetrical, the same is not the case on the other facades. On the most prominent facade, the south, the windows are not only irregularly spaced on each of the three stories, but none of the openings aligns vertically with openings above or below it. Presumably the original interior layout determined the exterior appearance. The south facade now has five doors on the first story, although in 1966 it had only four. The fifth door was added immediately to the left (west) of the original third door from the left. As a result, the gabled roof that sheltered that door was enlarged to cover both doors. These gabled roofs with simple but decorative trusswork were present in 1966, but they likely are not original to the building. They most likely date to the period between the time the former hotel began to include apartments in the late 1920s and 1966, when they are shown in the photograph. Also on the south facade are a deck and wheelchair ramp on the first story, and faded painted letters reading "Hotel O'Reilly" above the third -story windows. This lettering is modem, since it does not appear on the 1966 photograph of the building. The windows on the north facade are similar to those on the south, but no entry doors are located on that facade. The north facade also has a paired window towards the rear of the fast story, an unusual feature on the building. The rear facade is dominated by a modern wooden staircase that provides access to upper story apartments. This facade also has an entrance to a basement apartment on the south. Like the north and south facades, the windows on the rear do not align vertically. Several of the openings have been sealed with brick, and others have been converted to metal fire door openings that lead onto the wooden staircase. 703 S. Dubuque Street. Noncontributing. This modern one-story commercial building sits on a poured concrete foundation molded to imitate rough -faced brick. The walls are constructed of grooved plywood siding, and the low-pitched gabled roof is covered in composition shingles. The entrances (human entry and vehicular doors) are located on the north facade, with windows on all facades but the south. 709 S. Dubuque Street. Contributing. This 2%2-story hip -roofed house exhibits stylistic elements of the Free Classic Queen Anne style and the Foursquare form. The house rests on a brick foundation and is clad in clapboards. Its roof is covered in composition shingles. The basic massing is a hip -roofed box NP8 Fans 10-900-a OMB Approval No. 10240018 (8 eB) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 12 Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Historic District Johnson County, Iowa similar to that of a later Foursquare house, but it exhibits a few shallow asymmetrically placed gabled wings that are reminiscent of a highly simplified Queen Anne pinwheel plan. Free Classic Queen Anne features on the house include a cutaway bay on a shallow south -facing gabled wing; a cottage window on the front (west) facade with a Queen Anne -style upper sash divided by Y-shaped wood muntin bars; dormer windows with imbricated shingles in the gable fields and Colonial Revival -style details; a row of dentils under the second story cornice and in the dormer windows; and an overall asymmetry of details more characteristic of the Queen Anne style than the Foursquare form. These asymmetrical details include an off -center dormer window on the front facade that aligns with a shallow second story rectangular bay window beneath it rather than the center of the facade; a south -facing gabled wing that projects from the rear (southwest) corner of the house; and dormer windows that have a full pedimented gable on the front and north facades but open cornice returns on the south. A drip molding projects beyond the wall plane between the first and second stories on all sides of the house. Windows on the house typically have 1/1-light sash. The front porch may have some original elements, but the lattice railing, porch steps, and plywood paneling in the gable field over the steps are modern. The one-story rear wing is original, but its south facade is clad in plywood siding and has a modern porch similar to the front porch. Elsewhere the rear wing is clad in clapboards, and it has open cornice returns on its west - facing gable. 109 E. Prentiss Street. Contributing. This two-story Foursquare house rests on a tile block foundation, according to county assessor's records. The exterior of the foundation has been coated in stucco, so the foundation material could not be verified on site. The house is clad in narrow clapboard siding. Its hipped roof is covered in composition shingles. Exposed rafter tails are present under the second -story eaves and the eaves of the two dormer windows. The windows on the house are typically 1/1-light sash, most of them single but some paired or tripled. Exceptions include a large cottage window with a narrow decorative upper sash divided into eight lights by vertical wood muntins on the first story of the front facade, and two nearly square one -light windows on the west facade. A modern two -light sliding window is located on the second story of the rear wing. Most of the windows and even the front door appear to be original, or at least compatible with the age of the house. The front door has three tall narrow lights with beveled glass over panels. The window surrounds have simple classical drip moldings. Centered on the front (north) slope of the hipped roof is a hip -roofed dormer window that appears formerly to have had two windows. The west half of the front facade of this dormer has been filled in with a plywood panel in which an air conditioning unit has been installed, while the east half contains a small 1/1-light window that appears not to be original. A smaller hip -roofed dormer window is located on the rear (south) facade east of the rear wing. This dormer has a single window opening that currently provides egress to a metal fire escape attached to the upper stories of the rear facade. The front porch extends across the front facade. Its low-pitched hipped roof is supported by a large square post at the two outer corners. The posts have inset panels and capitals with simple classical molding. A similar but shorter newel post supports the end of the railing on one side of the front steps. The railing is constructed of simple rectangular stiles. NPS Form IMMa OMB Approval Na. 1024-0016 (8 B ) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 13 Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Historic District Johnson County, Iowa 113 E. Prentiss Street. Noncontributing. Although this house appears to retain essentially its original massing and roofline, it displays only modern materials, so it is difficult to determine to what extent it has been changed. No historic photographs of the house were located, other than a 1966 photograph that shows just the northwest corner of the house (Figure 10). The house now sits on a tall smooth foundation covered in stucco, but the foundation material is nowhere evident. County assessor's records state that the foundation is stone. The house is clad in vinyl siding, and has a composition shingle roof. All of the windows are single or paired 1/1-light windows that appear to be vinyl. The windows have snap -in muntin bars to imitate 6/6-light windows. The complex massing of the house appears to be original. It has a hip -roofed core with a projecting gabled wing toward the north on the northeast comer, and a shallower projecting gabled wing centered in the west facade. Projecting from each gabled wing is a one-story, three sided bay window. The roof has three dormer windows, one facing north and two larger ones facing cast. The two east -facing dormers may be later introductions. The fenestration pattern appears to be largely unchanged, at least from the 1960s, although two windows located near the front door in the 1960s have been sealed and covered in vinyl siding. The south -facing rear gable is a clipped gable, although it is not known if this is original to the house. Because of the complete lack of original materials that would help to indicate which features are original and which are modern, this house is counted as noncontributing. 109-119 Wright Street. Contributing. A description of this former railroad passenger depot, now an office building, was given in the 1982 National Register of Historic Places InventoryNomination Form for this building, so the following description will focus on the changes to the building since 1982 4 The depot building is a long one-story building constructed of polychromatic brick, with dark red brick used for the base and light tan brick above the base. The hipped roof is covered in red clay tiles. A tower near the east end of the south (track -side) facade and a large porte cochere in the corresponding location on the north (street -side) facade are the most prominent architectural features of the building. The building was originally built as two separate enclosed spaces joined by a covered passageway. The main section on the east housed the ticket office, waiting rooms, and other spaces. The smaller section on the west housed a baggage room. Since the building was converted to office use, the covered passageway has been enclosed to create additional office space. The conversion has been very sympathetic to the historic character of the building. Two exterior wall segments have been constructed to fill in the original passageway. These wall segments are constructed of a dark red brick base and tan upper section that match the original materials in tone, and have windows that also match the originals. However, the finish of the new base in particular is sufficiently different from the original base that the newer material can be distinguished readily from the old. For this reason, the change since 1982 has not reduced the building's period integrity sufficiently to result in the loss of its National Register eligibility. 4 James E. Jacobsen, "Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad Passenger Station," Iowa City, Johnson County, Iowa, National Register of Historic Places Inventory —Nomination Form, 1982; copy on file, Iowa State Historic Preservation Office, Des Moines. NPS Form 10-900-a OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 (8 66) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 14 Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Historic District Johnson County, Iowa 114 Wright Street. Noncontributing. Depot Lunch Room. This 2%z-story cross -gabled former residence and lunch room sits on a poured concrete foundation. It is clad in vinyl siding and has a composition shingle roof. Its somewhat complex massing is the result of several additions, most of them in place by 1926. The core of the house is a 2'/2-story cross -gabled section built in 1899. Between 1912 and 1920, the re-entrant angle between the two cross -gabled wings was filled in by a two-story addition with a flat roof and a square footprint. Between 1920 and 1926, a one-story flat -roofed wing projecting towards the street to the south was constructed on the building's southwest corner.5 Both of these pre- 1926 additions survive, although the flat roofs of the two additions have been changed to low-pitched sloped roofs, presumably to aid drainage. The two-story section now has a shed roof, and the one-story addition has a low-pitched gabled roof. The only other section of the house is a broad but shallow rear wing that extends the width of the building. This wing has a low-pitched gabled roof. It is not clear whether this wing is an extension and remodeling of the rear wing shown on Sanborn fire insurance maps through 1948, or, as is more likely, it is an entirely new wing built within the past few decades. The fenestration of the building is entirely modem. The fenestration pattern has also been altered to some extent, with new openings cut for many of the windows. The three doors on the front and side facades are modern, but remain in the same locations as older doors shown in 1966 photographs (Figures 11 and 12). The window pattern has been altered more substantially. Only the two second story windows on the east facade, the gable field window in the front -facing gable, and the paired windows on the west side of the oriel window on the one-story front wing remain in the same locations and display approximately the same dimensions as their 1960s counterparts. The most notable changes have been the replacement of a cottage window on the first story of the front facade with a sliding glass door; the replacement of a paired window on the second story of the front -facing gabled wing with a broad three- part picture window; and the replacement of two rows of three windows on the front facades of the one- story wing and the second floor of the addition above and behind it by two windows below and a single window above. In addition, several window openings on the east and west facades have been sealed. The front porch has been replaced by a small deck, although it remains in the same location as the former porch and retains the appearance of an open porch. A rectangular oriel window on the west side of the projecting front wing also remains in place, and retains two original knee -brace brackets that support it visually. A final change that has reduced its period integrity is the loss of the open gable returns in the three gables on the south, west and east. Architects and Builders in the Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Historic District Several of the buildings in the nominated district were designed or built by prominent local architects and builders, and, in one case, by a nationally known mail order architect, George F. Barber & Co. of Knoxville, Tennessee. The known architects and builders of buildings in the nominated district are listed in the following table. Note that with the exception of George F. Barber & Co., all were residents of Iowa City, Iowa. 5 Sanborn Map Company 1912, 1920, 1926. NPS Form 10-900-9 OMB Approval No. 10244018 (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 15 Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Historic District Johnson County, Iowa 530 S. Clinton St. George F. Barber & Co. unknown 604 S. Clinton St. unknown unknown 605 S. Clinton St. unknown unknown 610 S. Clinton St. unknown unknown 611 S. Clinton St. Orville H. Carpenter Sheets & Freyder 612 S. Clinton St. Orville H. Carpenter Harry C. Smith 614 S. Clinton St. Orville H. Carpenter unknown (Thomas Hanlon probably cellar excavation only) 615 S. Clinton St, Bernard A. Wickham Bernard A. Wickham 617 S. Clinton St. unknown unknown 624 S. Clinton St. John W. Metzinger Harry C. Smith 703 S. Dubuque St. unknown unknown 709 S. Dubuque St. unknown unknown 109 E. Prentiss St. unknown John H. Hunzinger 113 E. Prentiss St, unknown unknown 109-119 Wright St. unknown (presumably unknown Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railroad architect) 114 Wright St. unknown Jacob J. Hotz Architects George F Barber & Co. The following biographical sketch of George F. Barber was provided by the Knox County, Tennessee, Public Library: George Franklin Barber (1854-1915) was a remarkably successful practitioner of American domestic architecture in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Much of his success was due to his early and enthusiastic adoption of national promotion of sales catalogues for his own architectural plans for houses and cottages, with a complete willingness to customize the plans for any customer. Barber was born in De Kalb, Illinois, in 1854. He lived in rural Illinois and later near Marmaton, Kansas. His rural upbringing prevented him from receiving anything more than a nominal education. Barber had an early interest in horticulture and farming, but his work as a carpenter and builder, in partnership with his brother Manley DeWitt Barber, seems to have led him to a career in carpentry, building, and finally architecture. In 1888 Barber moved to Knoxville [Tennessee] for health reasons. He flourished as an architect in the rapidly growing postwar southern city. Barber published over a dozen NPS Form 10-00-a OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 16 Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Historic District Johnson County, Iowa mail order catalogs for residential architectural plans between 1888 and 1908. A sudden illness led to his untimely death in 1915 6 A total of six houses representing three Barber designs are known to have been built in Iowa City, although there may have been others. All six were built in 1892-1893. The three designs were 530 S. Clinton Street (extant, contributing resource in the nominated district), 935 E. College Street (extant, individually listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1977), and a row of four houses with identical plans built at the southeast corner of E. Washington Street and S. Linn Street (all non -extant). For more on these houses, see the discussion of 530 S. Clinton Street in Section 8 below. Orville H. Carpenter. Orville H. Carpenter (1865-1938) worked as an architect in Iowa City from about 1898 until his death in 1938. He was Iowa City's first known architect whose background was strictly in architectural design and engineering rather than one of the building trades. For this reason, unlike the two other Iowa City architects described below, O. H. Carpenter worked solely as an architect and superintendent, not as an architect and builder. He designed some of the more prominent residential, commercial and fraternal buildings in the city between the 1890s and the 1910s, including the Elks Lodge (1909, now a commercial and office building); the C. S. P. S. building, a Czech fraternal building (1899- 1901, now the Preucil School of Music); the Phoenix Block, a downtown commercial building (1903, non -extant); and a block of flats across from the university campus known as Dewey Terrace (1899, non - extant) 7 He also designed numerous residences in Iowa City and surrounding areas, as well as school houses in many southeast Iowa communities. His known commissions (not all of them built) number some 236 new buildings and 40 remodelings, nearly all of them in southeast Iowa. Although he continued to design buildings into the 1920s and probably the 1930s, relatively few of his commissions from these later years are known. His last confirmed design was a building for the Muscatine Water Works in Muscatine, Iowa, in 1928. Additional information about Carpenter is available in the National Register of Historic Places Registration Form for the Gilbert -Linn Street Historic District in Iowa City 8 John W. Metzinger. John W. Metzinger (ca. 1855-1929) worked primarily as a carpenter, but he also designed several buildings in Iowa City. In addition to the Hotel O'Reilly, he was identified as the architect of four houses and one building of unspecified type designed in 1898 and 1899, probably all in Iowa City. These other buildings have not yet been located, and indeed some may not ever have been built. The Hotel O'Reilly is the only known extant building designed by Metzinger. He is better known 6 "About the Knox County Public Library Calvin M. McClung Digital," available on the Knox County Public Library internet web site athttp://cmdc.knoxlib.org/cdm/abo ; accessed May 11, 2015. ' Databases of architects and contractors who worked in Iowa City, Iowa, 1897-1916, compiled from various sources by Richard Carlson, Iowa City, Iowa; draft biographical sketch and list of works of O. H. Carpenter, compiled by Richard Carlson, Iowa City, Iowa. e Marlys A. Svendsen, "Gilbert -Linn Street Historic District," Iowa City, Johnson County, Iowa, National Register of Historic Places Registration Form, 2004; copy on file, Iowa State Historic Preservation Office, Des Moines. NPS Farts 10-900-a OMB Appmval No. 10240018 (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 17 Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Historic District Johnson County, Iowa for his carpentry work. Between 1897 and 1909, he was identified as the carpenter or contractor on some 15 new buildings or substantial remodelings of buildings, mostly residential, in Iowa City.9 Bernard A. Wickham. Bernard A. Wickham (1868-1935) was a prominent architect -builder in Iowa City between 1905 and 1913. Born in Southampton, England, he came to the United States with his family in 1870. His father was a carpenter, stair builder and cabinet maker, and presumably the main source of his son Bernard's education in carpentry and building. Although Wickham lived in Iowa City for most of his adult life, most of his known commissions —as either architect, builder, or both —occurred during the brief period between 1907 and 1911. These included, as architect, the C.O.D. Laundry building at 225 Iowa Avenue (1909, non -extant), and a concrete brick house built to be leased to the Tri Dell sorority at 505 Iowa Avenue (1907, extant). He is known to have designed some 43 buildings and three building alterations, and to have been the contractor on another 17 buildings and five building alterations. Not all of the announced designs were necessarily built, but probably the majority were. His best known work as a contractor was the 1908 President's Residence at the University of Iowa, designed by the Des Moines, Iowa, architectural firm of Proudfoot and Bird.10 B. A. Wickham moved to Grinnell in September 1914, and later moved to Des Moines. He appears to have suffered financial difficulties, and he and his wife evidently separated, since she had returned to Iowa City by 1920 while he was still in Des Moines. Wickham eventually was issued a passport in 1928 and moved to Colombia, where he died in Barranquilla in 1935.11 For more information on Wickham, see a biographical sketch of him written for the National Register of Historic Places nomination of the Samuel and Emma A. Ranshaw House in North Liberty, Johnson County, Iowa.12 Builders Jacob J. Hotz. Jacob J. Holz (1853-1916) was born in New York and came to Iowa with his parents in 1855. The son of a carpenter, he also became a carpenter and builder. He worked primarily on 9 Databases of architects and contractors who worked in Iowa City, Iowa, 1897-1916, compiled from various sources by Richard Carlson, Iowa City, Iowa. 10 Databases of architects and contractors who worked in Iowa City, Iowa, 1897-1916, compiled from various sources by Richard Carlson, Iowa City, Iowa; Leah D. Rogers and Melissa A. Allen, "Ranshaw, Samuel and Emma A., House," North Liberty, Johnson County, Iowa, National Register of Historic Places Registration Form, 2012; available on the City of North Liberty internet web site, at httn://nortblibertviowa.orJwp- content/uploads/2011/04/Ranshaw-Final-Nomination-07-26-12 pdf; accessed May 6, 2015. " "Wickham Moves to Grinnell," The Iowa City Citizen, September 7, 1914, p. 1 [unless otherwise noted, the newspapers cited in this nomination were all published in Iowa City, Iowa]; Iowa City city directories 1922-1924; 1915 Iowa State Census, Poweshiek County, B. A. Wickham entry; 1920 U.S. census, Iowa, Johnson County, Iowa City, Bernard A. Wickham entry (though probably only Emma Wickham and her daughters were living in Iowa City at the time); 1920 U.S. census, Iowa, Polk County, Des Moines, Bernard A. Wickham entry; Rogers and Allen, "Ranshaw, Samuel and Emma A., House." 12 Rogers and Allen, "Ranshaw, Samuel and Emma A., House" NPS Farm 10-900-a OMB Appmvel No. 1024-0018 (&86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 18 Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Historic District Johnson County, Iowa his own, but in the 1880s worked in the firm of Shinn & Hotz. He also served in public office, including as county recorder in the 1880s and as alderman of the Second Ward of Iowa City for several termS.13 He had several dozen known contracts for constructing buildings in or near Iowa City between 1897 and 1913,.and probably had hundreds of such contracts over the course of his career in the city. One of his earliest projects was the construction of the city's water works. Starting in the 1890s, he was responsible for the construction of several of architect O. H. Carpenter's designs in Iowa City (see above). He is also credited with the design of a dozen or so buildings, including municipal utility buildings, schools and residences, between 1898 and 1901, and very likely designed other buildings in other years,14 John H. Hunzinger. John H. Hunzinger (1882-1947) worked primarily as a carpenter and contractor, although he or his firm also designed many buildings in the 1910s and 1920s. He moved to Iowa City from rural Johnson County, Iowa, between 1904 and 1907. In 1915, he established the firm of J. H. Hunzinger & Co., architects, contractors and builders, with his brother, Frank E. Hunzinger, and William E. Wagner. John H. Hunzinger moved himself and the company to Burlington, Iowa, in 1916, and to Davenport, Iowa, in 1922, but the firm reincorporated in Johnson County in 1923.15 Before J. H. Hunzinger & Co. was established, J. H. Hunzinger is known to have built some 20 buildings in Iowa City between 1909 and 1915, all of them residential.16 Between 1914 and 1926, the firm worked on "dozens of new houses, several apartment buildings, store construction and remodelings, a major church remodeling, a new downtown mortuary, a fraternity house, a hotel remodeling, SUI [State University of Iowa, now the University of Iowa] hospital remodeling, and a stock pavilion.i17 The firm was also heavily involved in the development of the Brookland Park Addition, a middle class residential subdivision, in Iowa City in the 1920s. The furn moved to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, in 192918 Sheets & Freyder. James M. Sheets (1828-1905) and Frank X. Freyder (1862-1944) were partners in the firm of Sheets & Freyder. As described by Marlys Svendsen, Sheets & Freyder was: a long-standing Iowa City building firm that traced its roots to the carpentry shops of J.M. Sheets and partners Bernard Gesberg and August Hazelhorst in the mid- 19th century. The men eventually merged operations as Sheets & Co. and became noted for 13 Biographical sketch of Jacob J. Hotz in History of Johnson County, Iowa (Iowa City: no publisher identified, 1883), pp. 847-848; "Jacob J. Hotz Dies Suddenly," Iowa City Daily Citizen, November 1, 1916, p. 1. 14 Databases of architects and contractors who worked in Iowa City, Iowa, 1897-1916, compiled from various sources by Richard Carlson, Iowa City, Iowa. 15 Marlys A. Svendsen, ."Melrose Historic District," Iowa City, Johnson County, Iowa, National Register of Historic Places Registration Form, 2004; copy on file, Iowa State Historic Preservation Office, Des Moines. 16 Databases of architects and contractors who worked in Iowa City, Iowa, 1897-1916, compiled from various sources by Richard Carlson, Iowa City, Iowa. 17 Svendsen, "Melrose Historic District," p. 19. 1e Svendsen, "Melrose Historic District," pp. 19-22. NPS Form 10-900-a OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 19 Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Historic District Johnson County, Iowa their millwork production and contracting services. By 1897, the firm included partners J.M. Sheets and Frank X. Freyder and operated as Sheets & Freyder. Freyder listed himself as an architect in city directories beginning in 1909 through World War I. The firm completed construction and/or design contracts for a number of major commercial and institutional buildings including the Iowa City Public Library in 1903 and at least five Iowa City churches.19 Although Frank X. Freyder later went on to design buildings as well as build them, the firm of Sheets & Freyder was evidently strictly a building construction firm. Between 1897 and 1905, Sheets & Freyder were the contractors for at least 16 residential buildings in Iowa City, several of them, like the Thomas D. and Margaret Davis House at 611 S. Clinton Street, designed by architect O. H. Carpenter?0 James M. Sheets was 75 years old at the time the Davis house was built in 1903, and he died two years later, so it is not clear to what extent he was personally involved in the construction of the Davis house. Harry C. Smith. Harry C. Smith (1845-1922) worked as a carpenter and building contractor in Iowa City from the 1860s until his retirement around 1918 21 He was born in Illinois, served in the Civil War, and likely moved to Iowa City shortly after the war. His obituary credits him with the construction of several important buildings in Iowa City, including "the former Coldren opera house, the Golden Eagle building, the New West Hotel [i.e., the Hotel O'Reilly], the Chemistry laboratory, the first armory in Iowa City, the I. X. L. building, and the City Hall. These buildings all stand as monuments to his name: ,22 He built only five known residences in Iowa City between 1897 and 1907, at least three or four of which were designed by architect O. H. Carpenter. 3 Bernard A. Wickham. See his entry under "Architects" above. Integrity This district retains a moderate to high degree of all seven aspects of integrity. The district's buildings retain excellent integrity of location. All but two of the buildings in the district remain in their 19 Svendsen, "Melrose Historic District," p. 17; Find A Grave internet web site entry for Franklin Xavier Freyder, Oakland Cemetery, Johnson County, Iowa, at hns://secure.findagrave.com ; accessed May 12, 2015; WPA Graves Registration entry for J. M. Sheets, buried in Oakland Cemetery, Iowa City, Iowa, available on Ancestry.com; accessed May 12, 2015. 20 Databases of architects and contractors who worked in Iowa City, Iowa, 1897-1916, compiled from various sources by Richard Carlson, Iowa City, Iowa. 21 Iowa City city directories, 1868, 1901-1922. 22 "Harry C. Smith Dies at Home of Daughter," Iowa City Press -Citizen, December 19, 1922, p. 5. 23 Databases of architects and contractors who worked in Iowa City, Iowa, 1897-1916, compiled from various sources by Richard Carlson, Iowa City, Iowa. NPS Form 10-900-a OMB Approval No. 10240018 (8-88) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 20 Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Historic District Johnson County, Iowa original locations, and the two moved buildings have been on their current sites for well over 60 years and within the period of significance —one since 1914 and the other since 1948. The district retains moderate to high integrity of setting. The topographical setting is essentially the same as it was during the period of significance, with river bluffs forming steep (but not high) slopes to the south, east and west of the nominated district, and a very gradual upwards slope leading north from the district towards the city center. The city street grid is also unchanged. Other aspects of the integrity of setting have been compromised, however, particularly the loss of the majority of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century residences that once lined Clinton and Dubuque streets and the cross streets in the Near Southside neighborhood. These have been replaced by a 1974 federal government building that occupies an entire city block one block north of the nominated district, an associated parking lot that occupies nearly another entire block adjacent to the nominated district to the northwest, and a variety of modern building types, principally office buildings and apartment houses marketed to university students. Some nearby buildings that would have been included as contributing buildings in the nominated district a 1915 house at 118 E. Prentiss Street (non -extant) and the 1917-1918 Henry Sabin School, for example —are not included in the district because they either were demolished recently (118 E. Prentiss Street) or are slated to be demolished in 2015 (Sabin School). The district retains excellent integrity of design. Each contributing building retains essentially the same massing, roofline and fenestration pattern as it did during its period of significance, and all buildings, including the older but noncontributing ones, retain their original relationships to each other and to the nearby streets, alleys and railroad tracks. The only significant compromise to the nominated district's integrity of design has been the alteration of four older buildings to the extent that they no longer contribute to the significance of the historic district, and the construction of two buildings that post-date the district's period of significance. The integrity of materials of the district is moderate to high. Nearly two thirds of the contributing buildings retain their original siding materials and most exhibit few or no significant changes made since their period of significance. Most appear to retain their original foundation materials as well. The principal materials used are wood and brick for walls (vinyl for the buildings with modern siding), stone or concrete block for foundations, and modern asphalt shingles for roofs. The buildings in the district also retain a high degree of integrity of workmanship, seen particularly in the detail work on the individually eligible buildings at 530 S. Clinton Street, 604 S. Clinton Street, 612 S. Clinton Street, 624 S. Clinton Street, and the railroad depot. Because most of the contributing buildings in the district have not been updated significantly in more than a century, and because they retain essentially their original appearances and many original features from their period of significance, the district retains excellent integrity of feeling and association as the last remaining collection of buildings representing the development of the Clinton Street corridor between the railroad passenger depot and downtown Iowa City around the turn of the twentieth century. A resource is counted as contributing in the historic district if it was built during the period of significance; retains, with only minor exceptions, its massing, roofline and fenestration pattern from its period of significance; and displays at least some of the construction materials and architectural details that it displayed during its period of significance. A resource may have compromised integrity but still NPS Form 10-900-a OMB Approval No. 0240018 (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 21 Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Historic District Johnson County, Iowa meet these minimal integrity requirements if, on balance, it conveys enough of its significance to contribute to the historic character of the district. NPS Fonn 10-900-a OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 (M6) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 22 Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Historic District Johnson County, Iowa 8. Architect/Builder (continued) Architects: Metzinger, John W. Wickham, Bernard Alfred Builders: Smith, Henry C. Sheets & Freyder Hunzinger, John Henry Holz, Jacob J. Narrative Statement of Significance The Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Historic District is eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places under Criterion A as the last remaining intact collection of buildings associated with the pre-1960 development of the Near Southside neighborhood of Iowa City. Three of these building are associated specifically with the construction of the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railroad passenger depot in the neighborhood in 1898, and the name of the historic district was selected to reflect that historic connection. The district is also eligible under Criterion C for the architectural importance of its contributing buildings, built between about 1878 and 1915, several of which are individually eligible for listing. The nominated district represents the last remaining vestige of the 1870s —1910s redevelopment of the southside as a middle class residential neighborhood. North of Prentiss Street, all but one of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century residences on S. Clinton Street have been removed. The exception is 530 S. Clinton Street, a contributing building in the nominated district. Along S. Dubuque Street, only two buildings from this period survive north of Prentiss Street: an isolated Foursquare house at 408 S. Dubuque, and a moved and substantially remodeled ca. 1900 rowhouse at 526 S. Dubuque Street. To the south of Wright Street, east of Dubuque Street, and west of Clinton Street, the land drops rapidly towards the floodplain. While a few isolated buildings or small groups of buildings built around the turn of the twentieth century survive on the hillslopes and floodplain, no other grouping is as large, coherent, intact, or architecturally impressive as the collection of buildings that forms the nominated district. History of Iowa City Iowa City was established in 1839 as the Iowa territorial capital, and a year later also became the county seat of Johnson County. It served as the territorial and later state capital until the capital was NPS Forth 10-900-a OMB Approval No. 1024-0019 (MG) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 23 Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Historic District Johnson County, Iowa moved to Des Moines in 1857. Iowa City continued to thrive after the state government left, in part because it remained the county seat of Johnson County, and in part because the State University of Iowa (now the University of Iowa) remained in the city. A railroad linking Iowa City with the Mississippi River and points east was completed to Iowa City in 1855, further integrating Iowa City's economy with the regional and national economies. Iowa City's economy in its early years was based in part on the commerce and industry that developed from the city's role as a shipping point for farm products from the surrounding agricultural areas, and in part on its role as the seat of county and state government. Although some industries thrived for a time, the city never attracted as much industry as the city leaders had hoped, and most of the city's factories were abandoned during the mid -twentieth century. However, the presence of the University of Iowa, in particular, has continued to attract both residents and wealth to Iowa City, allowing its economy to weather economic recessions more successfully than many other areas. 24 History of the Near Southside Neighborhood The Near Southside neighborhood of Iowa City is the second oldest platted area of the city. The Original Town, platted in 1839, extended south to Court Street, four blocks south of the territorial capitol building, now Old Capitol. Two years later, in 1841, the County Seat Addition was platted as the city's second platted addition. This addition extended from Court Street south to Sumner Street (now Kirkwood Avenue), and from the Iowa River on the west to Linn Street and Maiden Lane on the east. The nominated district lies entirely within the County Seat Addition. The new addition was platted in part to set aside land on which to construct the Johnson County Court House, later built on the block bounded by Court, Clinton, Harrison and Capitol streets. Three distinct phases of development for the Near Southside neighborhood can be identified.25 The Furst lasted from the platting of the addition in 1841 until the 1870s or 1880s. During this period, the area was dominated by small, one-story residences, primarily occupied by workers, widows, and others of modest means. More substantial two-story dwellings were common during this period in the blocks immediately east of the court house, but rare elsewhere in the area. Commercial buildings were limited almost entirely to the blocks north of the court house, between the court house and the central business district. Few images of these buildings survive, and surviving examples are even more rare, but the limited evidence available suggests that most were one-story, front -gabled or side -gabled houses. Many, probably most, were of frame construction, but some brick examples are also known. The County Seat 24 For a general overview of the development of Iowa City focusing on its historic architectural resources, see Marlys A. Svendsen, "Historic Resources of Iowa City, Iowa," National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Listing, 1992; copy on file, Iowa State Historic Preservation Office, Des Moines. 25 The following history was developed from a comparison of an 1868 bird's-eye view map of Iowa City (A. Ruger, Bird's Eye View oflowa City, Johnson Co., Iowa 1868 [Chicago: Chicago Lithographing Company, 1868]), Sanborn and Sanbom-Perris Map Company fire insurance maps, Iowa City city directories and Johnson County assessor's records, as well as a pedestrian survey of the neighborhood. NPS F" 10-900-a OMB Appm.1 Na. 1024-0 18 (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 24 Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Historic District Johnson County, Iowa Addition formed the largest area in the city's First Ward, and the First Ward School House was built in the addition along S. Dubuque Street between Harrison and Prentiss streets, on the site of the soon -to -be - demolished Henry Sabin School. Almost no buildings from this first phase of development survive in the Near Southside neighborhood. The last remaining block that contained several relatively unaltered examples of first generation Near Southside buildings —the east side of the 600 block of S. Dubuque Street —is slated for demolition in 2015, with three 1860s-1870s buildings already demolished in late 2014 and early 2015. One building in the nominated district, 604 S. Clinton Street, dates to the end of this period (ca. 1878), but this building replaced an earlier building on the site, and is a large, architecturally elaborate Stick Style building. It is therefore more appropriately classified as an early example of a second generation building. The second stage of development of the Near Southside neighborhood occurred between about 1880 and 1940. This period saw the replacement of many of the smaller first generation dwellings by more substantial two-story houses, constructed primarily before about 1925. The period also saw the first known non-residential buildings in the area: the 1898 Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railroad passenger depot; an 1899 lunch room and 1901 railroad hotel, both located opposite the depot; and a scattering of neighborhood grocery stores beginning in the 1920s, This stage of development was influenced by the construction of the depot along Wright Street, two blocks south of the court house, but the depot was not the only factor effecting change in this neighborhood. The replacement of the small first generation buildings by more substantial houses had begun slowly and in piecemeal fashion at least two decades before the depot was built. However, the great majority of the second generation buildings were built between about 1890 and 1930, as this area of town became a fashionable middle class neighborhood. It was during this period, in 1917-1918, that Henry Sabin School (extant but slated for demolition in 2015) replaced the earlier First Ward School House. The nominated district is the only largely intact collection of second generation buildings remaining in the Near Southside neighborhood. Most second generation buildings have been replaced, as described below. One that was located adjacent to the nominated district and would have been a contributing building in the district, the former 118 E. Prentiss Street, was demolished in 2014. A few individual second generation buildings survive in the neighborhood, and one small group of four such buildings survives opposite the county jail along S. Capitol Street. Most of these buildings been altered more substantially than the contributing buildings in the nominated district, however, and none were evaluated as individually eligible for National Register listing. As a result, no other significant concentration of historic buildings outside the nominated district survives to represent the same historic context. The final stage of development of the Near Southside neighborhood, dating from about 1940 to the present, has seen the large-scale replacement of both first and second generation single-family dwellings by apartment buildings, office buildings, large governmental buildings (federal, state and county, including the University of Iowa), and parking lots. On S. Dubuque Street, some older residential buildings were adapted to commercial uses during this period rather than being replaced, although the last of these converted buildings are stated to be demolished in 2015. Industrial buildings and warehouses NPS Form 14-900-a OMB Approval No. 10240018 (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 25 Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Historic District Johnson County, Iowa lined the periphery of the Near Southside neighborhood from the mid -nineteenth century to the mid - twentieth century, primarily along Gilbert Street, Maiden Lane and Lafayette Street. A few of these former industrial and warehouse buildings survive, but most were removed after the 1950s. South of the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific railroad tracks, on the Iowa River floodplain, some middle class redevelopment occurred similar to what was seen on the higher ground north of the depot. For the most part, however, the area south of the railroad tracks represents a different historic context, focused more on working class, industrial and African -American history. In any case, this area has also been substantially redeveloped, and today is populated primarily by mid to late twentieth century commercial, office and apartment buildings. The small historic district included in the present nomination represents two distinct but related historic contexts. The principal historic context relates to the to the development of the Near Southside neighborhood between the 1870s and 1910s as a premier area for middle and upper middle class residences. As described above, the nominated district represents the last surviving concentration of buildings representing this second phase of development in the Near Southside neighborhood. The second historic context relates to the construction of the railroad passenger depot and two adjacent buildings (one lunch room and one hotel) built as a direct consequence of the construction of the depot in this location. These three buildings were built in short succession, between 1898 and 1901, and represent a distinct secondary historic context within the larger context of the development of the Near Southside neighborhood in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The survival of three closely related buildings representing the city's passenger railroad history is unique in Iowa City, and preservation of this small subcluster of buildings is recommended despite the loss of integrity to the former lunch room building, which as a result is counted as a noncontributing resource. While the trend toward the redevelopment of the Near Southside neighborhood had started before the railroad passenger depot was relocated to Wright Street, the construction of the depot turned Clinton Street into the main route between the passenger depot and downtown Iowa City and the State University of Iowa to the north. The redevelopment of S. Clinton Street north of the depot occurred primarily during the decade following the construction of the depot, and was probably related in part to the new role of Clinton Street as the link between the city center and the outside world, as represented by the railroad. Individual Buildings in Historic District 530 S. Clinton Street. This house was built in 1892 for Eugene Paine, a coal dealer. An announcement of the planned construction in a local newspaper reads: Eugene Paine will erect a fine house this summer on south Clinton street. D[.] [sic] F[.] Barber, of Knoxville, Tenn[.], is the architect. He is also the architect of the houses that Captain Price will erect 26 "The Iowa Citizen (Iowa City, Iowa), May 6, 1892, p. [7]. Captain Samuel D. Pryce erected three Barber -designed houses at the southeast comer of Linn and Washington streets, later expanded to four, with the last constructed as NPS Form 10�900-a OMB Appmval No. 1024-0018 (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 26 Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Historic District Johnson County, Iowa "D F Barber" is an error for George Franklin Barber, the well known pattern book and mail order architect of Knoxville, Tennessee. Paine's house is pictured in the 1896 edition of Barber's house catalogue, The Cottage Souvenir (Figures 3a and 3b). It is not known exactly when the house was completed. No further reference to the construction of the house was found in Iowa City newspapers in 1892 or 1893 available in the NewspaperARCHIVE.com subscription database, and it was beyond the scope of the project to conduct detailed newspaper research to try to locate later references. A date now on the house in the decoration over the west -facing picture window reads "l893," which is likely the date the house was completed. the comer building; see letter from Samuel D. Pryce to George F. Barber & Co. dated October 22, 1892, transcribed in George F. Barber & Co., Artistic Homes: How to Plan and How to Build Them (Knoxville, Tennessee: Geo. F. Barber & Co., 1893), p. 70. Pryce writes in this letter that "The contractors have nearly completed the three brick veneered tenement houses for which I received plans from you the month of April, and they are universally admired, not only for the pleasing exterior, but for the convenient interior arrangement.... I have not fully decided to build on the comer this season, but if I do so, I will write again." See also The Iowa Citizen, May 6, 1892, p. [5]; Iowa City Daily Citizen, August 12, 1892, p. [3]; Sanborn -Perris Map Company, Iowa City, Iowa (New York: Sanbom- Perris Map Company, 1892, p. 6; 1899, p. 10). Fire insurance maps show these houses to have had standard footprints for Queen Anne -style houses, with several bay widows and other irregular projections from the central mass. These houses were replaced in 1924 by the Joseph O'Leary automobile garage, which remains extant as a commercial and apartment building (Marlys A. Svendsen, "Historic Resources of Iowa City, Iowa," National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Listing, "Architectural and Historical Resources of the Iowa City Central Business District, 1855-1950" Associated Historic Context, pp. E58—E59). NPS Form 10-900-a (8-8) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Historic District Johnson County, Iowa OMB Appmval No. 1024-0018 Page 27 7 on c j7 `W f=' 1 y! :i Gym, Br 01 Reafden of RUGENF FA IVE, fox•a City, loon. Figure 3a. Photograph of house for Eugene Paine, Iowa City, Iowa, designed by George F. Barber & Co. of Knoxville, Tennessee (George F. Barber & Co., The Cottage Souvenir, Fourth Edition, 1896, p. 116; available in the George F. Barber Collection in the Calvin M. McClung Digital Collection of the Knox County Public Library, Knoxville, Tennessee, at http://emde.knoxlib.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection✓p15136eoll3/id/1791/ree/6; accessed April 21, 2015). This house is now numbered 530 S. Clinton Street. NPS Form 10-900-a OMB Appmv) No. 1024-0018 (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 28 Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Historic District Johnson County, Iowa DESIGN No. 151. SIZE. KITLMCN 32 x 56 feet, with stories 9 feet 2 16.13 PoRa inches and 8 feet 2 inches, respect- ively, and a cellar i feet deep under the entire house. NOTES. -FAMILY RM. BEo RM. — 17.17 12-6.12.6. The above residence was recently E erected in brick and handsomely fin- ished in choice hardwoods through- out at a cost of $5,300; but as this included everything of the choicest kind, the price could be materially HALL reduced by using less expensive PARLOR materials. 16.17 Mr. Paine writes a very flattering letter to the architects about the PORCH satisfactory results obtained, and 6.1111 thinks he has a building hard to ""T FLO011 R6N. excel for the money expended. 116 BED R M 3.13 CHAMBER CHAMBER 12-6.12-6. 1G-6.11 HALL T MA` MBMK CLO 5. I t, � t[ 0 ROOK RAR Figure 3b. Floor plan and other information on house for Eugene Paine, Iowa City, Iowa, designed by George F. Barber & Co. of Knoxville, Tennessee (see bibliographic information in Figure 3a). This house is now numbered 530 S. Clinton Street. In addition to the three (later four) Pryce houses at the southeast corner of Linn and Washington Streets, one other house designed by George F. Barber is known to have been built in Iowa City. This was the Linsay House at 935 E. College Street (extant, NRHP), also built in 1893. It is now best known as the Bloom County House for its regular appearance in Berkley Breathed's syndicated comic strip of the 1980s, "Bloom County.s27 27 Margaret N. Keyes, Nineteenth Century Home Architecture ofIawa City, expanded edition of 1967 work (Iowa City, Iowa: University of Iowa Press, 1993), pp. 89-91, 142-143; Diane Langton, "Time Machine: Bloom County House," The Gazette (Cedar Rapids, Iowa), January 25, 2015, available on The Gazette intemet web site, at htti)://thegazette.com/subiect/news/time-machine-bloom-county-house-20150126; accessed April 27, 2015. NP$ Fom I "00-a OM9 Approval No. 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 29 Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Historic District Johnson County, Iowa Eugene Paine (1839-1919) was a long-time coal dealer in Iowa City. Born in Vermont, he served in the Civil War in that state before moving to Iowa. He married Olivia Brockway in 1874. According to his obituary, "Mr. Paine entered the coal business in this city immediately after locating here and remainded [sic] in that business and was more or less active until the last. During the early days he was associated with his cousin, S. E. Paine, one time mayor of Iowa City, and later continued the business alone.„28 After Eugene Paine's death in 1919 (his wife Olivia had died in 1918), the house on S. Clinton Street continued to be owned by Paine heirs until 1959. The house was occupied by one of the Paine children, Mrs. Sarah Olivia Paine Hoffman (1883-1952) until her death 29 Sarah Paine, a 1905 graduate of the State University of Iowa, married Coleman Lovejoy Hoffman in 1906 and had one child. By 1910 they were divorced, and Sarah and her son Harry Hoffman were living at 530 S. Clinton Street with Sarah's parents. Sarah Paine Hoffman worked as a high school music teacher, and was active in the Daughter's of the American Revolution and other genealogical societies 30 Shortly after her death the house was divided into apartments, the use it has had ever since 1959. It has been owned by the Penningroth family since 1962, and by Penningroth Apartments, Ltd., since 198031 604 S. Clinton Street. The exact construction date of this house is not known, but the evidence suggests that it was built in 1878 or 1879 for J. Walter Lee. A smaller house is shown in this location on an 1868 bird's-eye view map of Iowa City. This is consistent with the relatively low assessed values and sales prices for this property in earlier years, ranging from $150 in 1867 to $475 in 1875. The lot was acquired in 1875 by T. S. Parvin and his son-in-law, J. Walter Lee. In January 1878, Parvin sold his share in the property to Lee for $400. A year later, in 1879, the property had an assessed value of $1,200. Based on these sales prices, as well as the Stick Style architectural style of the house, it appears most likely that the house was built between 1878 and 1879. Historical newspapers from the period should be consulted to determine whether this construction date estimate is correct, and to see if any other information is available about the architect or builder." John Walter Lee was born in Illinois in 1842, and moved with his family to Iowa City in 1844. In 1868 he married May Parvin, the oldest child of Professor Theodore Sutton (T. S.) Parvin, an important figure in early Iowa history33 Parvin may have lived in the house at 604 S. Clinton Street briefly in 1878, 28 "Death Called Eugene Paine Aged Pioneer," Iowa City Citizen, September 2, 1919, p. 4. 21 Johnson County, Iowa, Auditor's Office, Transfer Books; "Miss Sarah Paine Hoffman Dies After Long Illness," Iowa City Press -Citizen, May 12, 1952, p. 11; Iowa City city directories 1919-1952. ao'•Miss Sarah Paine Hoffman Dies After Long Illness"; 1910 U.S. census entry for Eugene Paine household. " Johnson County, Iowa, Auditor's Office, Transfer Books. 32 Ruger 1868; Iowa City Assessment Books for 1867, 1875 and 1879 (State Historical Society of Iowa Library, Iowa City); Johnson County, Iowa, Recorder's Office, Deed Book 40, pp. 99 and 613. " T. S. Parvin, born in New Jersey in 1817, studied law in Ohio and accompanied Governor Robert Lucas to the Iowa Territory in 1838 as his personal secretary. He was involved in a variety of legal and educational initiatives in Iowa's territorial and early state history, including donating the books that formed the State Library, helping to form one of the earliest fully equipped schools in the territory, and being one of the founders of the Annals of Iowa, the NPS Form 10-900-a OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 (M6) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 30 Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Historic District Johnson County, Iowa when he is reported in the city directory to have lived on "Prentis[s] cor[ner of] Clinton," but he later lived in a house a block away at 13 Prentiss Street. At the time of his marriage, J. Walter Lee worked for the dry goods and grocery firm of O. C. Donaldson & Co. He was later the junior partner in other dry goods firms, including Bowersock, Pratt & Lee (1878) and Hohenschup, Cree & Lee (1883) 34 At other times he operated as an independent dry goods merchant, furniture merchant or grocer.35 He and his family (including three children who lived to adulthood) lived in 604 S. Clinton Street until about 1898, when he moved to a new smaller house on the same lot at 113 E. Prentiss Street (see below). By 1900, the house at 604 S. Clinton Street was rented to the family of James H. Wells, a travelling salesman. 36 By 1906, the Lee family was living in Chicago, which is probably where J. Walter Lee died in 1907. May Parvin Lee survived until 1921 37 The Lees retained ownership of the property at 604 S. Clinton Street until 1906, when they sold it to Homer S. Johnson and his wife Bessie W. Johnson. The Johnsons apparently leased the house to tenants, since the house was occupied in 1908 by Emily D. Davis, the principal of the First Ward School, located a block to the northeast 38 The Johnsons sold the property in 1910 to Allie W. Lenz (1860-1929), the wife of Daniel Lenz, a painter, who lived a block away at 4 E. Prentiss Street. ' The Leuzes evidently used the house primarily as a rental during their 20 years of ownership. In city directories published between 1911 and 1930—generally published every two years —the house was occupied by members of the Lenz family only in 1915 (Daniel Lenz) and 1926-1930 (Allie I. Lenz in 1926 and 1928, Daniel C. A. Lenz in 1930).40 chief publication of the State Historical Society of Iowa. He served as a professor of chemistry and geology at the University of Iowa from 1859 to 1861, and as the chair of the Department of Natural History at the university from 1861 to 1870. He was also an extremely active Mason, helping to form the Grand Lodge of Iowa in 1844 and serving as its Grand Secretary continuously until his death in 1901. For more on Parvin, see William R. Kreuger, "Parvin, Theodore Sutton," in The Biographical Dictionary oflowa (Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 2009), web edition (httn://uinress.lib.uiowa.edu/bdi/DetailsPaee.asnx?id=297); accessed April28, 2015. 34 History of Johnson County, Iowa (Iowa City: n.p., 1883), p. 860; 1868 and 1878 Iowa City city directories. 3' 1875, 1890 and 1891 Iowa City city directories; 1885 Iowa state census, Johnson County, Iowa City, entry for John Walter Lee. 36 1900 U.S. census, Iowa, Johnson County, Iowa City, entries for J. Walter Lee and James H. Wells; 1899Iowa City city directory. 37 Johnson County, Iowa, Recorder's Office, Deed Book 90, p. 617; Find A Grave internet web site entries for J. Walter Lee and May Parvin Lee, Oakland Cemetery, Johnson County, Iowa, at b—qs://secure.fmdagrave.com/-, accessed April 28, 2015. 36 Iowa City city directory, 1904. 39 1910 U.S. census, Iowa, Johnson County, Iowa City, entry for Daniel Lenz; 1909 Iowa City city directory. 40 Iowa City city directories, 1911-1930. NPS Farm 10-900-e OMBAppmvalft 102"018 (&86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 31 Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Historic District Johnson County, Iowa In 1915, a local newspaper reported that the house of Mrs. Dan Lenz, Sr., at the corner of Prentiss and Clinton streets, had been raised and a new front porch added .4' The present tile block foundation and porch were most likely installed at that time. In 1930, the estate of Allie I. Lenz sold the property to Kate Wickham. Kate Wickham was a public school teacher for whom the present Kate Wickham Elementary School in Iowa City was named. She was also the sister of Bessie W. Johnson, who had owned the 604 S. Clinton Street property with her husband between 1906 and 1910. Kate Wickham did not live in the Clinton Street property herself after 1930, instead residing in her sister Bessie Johnson's household on Bowery Street. She leased the Clinton Street house to tenants: first to Mrs. Honora E. Leenay, who offered furnished rooms in the building during the 1930s, and then to Francis R. Bendure and his wife Nora Ellen Bendure in the 1940s.42 Kate Wickham agreed to sell the property to the Bendures in a contract dated 1946, the terms of which were completed in 1950, when the Bendures owned the property outright 43 Francis Bendure worked in various jobs at the University of Iowa in the 1940s and 1950s, including cook at the hospital in 1940-1942, dairyman in 1943, cook in 1946, and electrician from 1949 until at least 1959.44 The Bendures sold the property to the present owners in 1989 4s 605 S. Clinton Street. This house was built for George Lewis in 1905, though it was possibly completed in January 1906, In August 1905, a local newspaper announced that "George Lewis is considering plans for about an eight room house, which he expects to erect yet this fall at the corner of Clinton and Prentiss streets."46 Work on his "beautiful residence" had begun by August 14, 1905 47 It had been completed by mid -January 1906, when it was announced that Mr. and Mrs. George Lewis of Union Township were moving their household goods into their new house, and would occupy it in a few days48 The newspaper articles on the construction of the house mentioned no architect or builder. In particular, despite the architectural elegance of the house, there is no evidence to suggest that it was designed by Iowa City architect O. H. Carpenter, !who designed many of the more architecturally 41 "A Million Dollar Improvement Record Made in Iowa City for the Year 1915—Big Bridge, Paving, Residences, University," Iowa City Citizen, November 12, 1915, p. 5. However, Sanborn fire insurance maps do not show the new porch (which was either the present porch or an earlier porch with the same footprint) until 1926; the 1920 map still shows the older, smaller porch. It is not clear whether the 1915 porch had the same footprint as the previous Forch, and the present porch was not built until the 1920s, or whether the 1920 Sanborn map is in error. 2 1930 and 1940 U.S. census, Iowa, Johnson County, Iowa City, Homer S. and Bessie W. Johnson entries; Iowa City city directories, 1932-1949. 43 Johnson County, Iowa, Recorder's Office, Deed Book 187, p. 332; Deed Book 210, p. 441. 44 Iowa City city directories, 1940-1959; 1940 U.S. census, Iowa, Johnson County, Iowa City, Francis Bendure entry. 4a Johnson County, Iowa, Auditor's Office, Transfer Books. 46 The Iowa Citizen, August 11, 1905, p. 1. 47 "Briefs" column, The Iowa Citizen, August 14, 1905, p. [8]. 48 The Iowa Citizen, January 19, 1906, p. [5]. NPS Form 10-900-a OMB Approval No, 1024 18 (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 32 Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Historic District Johnson County, Iowa impressive middle class residences in the Near Southside neighborhood, and elsewhere in Iowa City, during this period. George Lewis worked as a stockbuyer in 1908. In 1910, he and his wife Orrilla sold the house at 605 S. Clinton Street to John U. Plank. Plank and a subsequent owner, Stephen A. Buckner, owned the house for only three years between them. During this time, one of the tenants was the Acacia fraternity (1911). In 1913, Buckner sold the property to Emma B. Cooke 49 Emma B. Cooke (1866-1935) was the wife of James Stuart Cooke (1862-1948), who worked as a cattle buyer in Independence, Iowa, in 1900, and a carpenter in Iowa City in 1910. The Cookes had divorced by 1915.50 Emma Cooke is not known to have had an occupation. City directories list her as the occupant of the house at 605 S. Clinton Street in 1915, 1918, 1922 and 1926, but not in 1919, 1924, or 1928 on. She may have moved to live with family members from time to time, and rented out her Clinton Street house at those times. In 1930, she lived in Mason City with her daughter, who worked as a school teacher.51 After Emma Cooke's death, the property was sold in a sheriff's sale in 1939 to Annie E. Griffin. Griffin did not live in the house herself, but leased it to Thomas J. Delaney, who was listed as the resident in city directories from 1940 through 1943. He worked as a janitor in 1940, and as a clerk and later bartender at Dunkel's Cigar Store in 1942 and 1943. In 1944, Griffin sold the property to Wayne S. and Helen M. Putnam. Wayne Putnam owned Putnam Welding, Machine and Foundry Service in Iowa City, during the 1940s and 1950s, at least." The Putnams sold the property in 1970.13 It has likely been used as an apartment house since that time. 610 S. Clinton Street. Although the county assessor dates this building to 1960, it was more likely built between 1952 and 1954, when the address first appears in Iowa City city directories. In 1954, it was occupied by Mrs. Beryl M. Douglas, who in 1952 and earlier had lived nearby on the same block at 119 E. Prentiss Street. She was a bindery worker at the Economy Advertising Company. The house is situated to the rear of 612 S. Clinton Street, which was moved to its present location in 1948 (see below). Mrs. Douglas lived in the house at least through 1959, but she appears never to have owned the property.54 The house appears always to have been under the same ownership as 612 S. Clinton Street. 49 Johnson County, Iowa, Auditor's Office, Transfer Books; 1911 Iowa City city directory. so 1900 U.S. census, Iowa, Buchanan County, Independence, Stewart [sic] Cooke entry; 1910 U.S. census, Iowa, Johnson County, Iowa City, J. S. Cooke entry; 1915 Iowa state census, Johnson County, Mrs. Emma Cooke entry; Find A Grave intemet web site entries for Emma Brown Cooke and J. Stuart Cooke, Oakland Cemetery, Independence, Buchanan County, Iowa, at hUs://secure.findagrave.com/; accessed April 28, 2015. 51 Iowa City city directories, 1915-1930; 1930 U.S. census, Iowa, Cerro Gordo County, Mason City, Emma Cooke entry. s2 Johnson County, Iowa, Auditor's Office, Transfer Books; Iowa City city directories, 1943-1959. s9 Johnson County, Iowa, Auditor's Office, Transfer Books. sn Johnson County, Iowa, Auditor's Office, Transfer Books; Iowa City city directories, 1952-1959; Johnson County, Iowa Assessor's intemet web site, at h"://iowacity.iowaassessors.com/. NPS Form 10-900-a OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 (8-M) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 33 Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Historic District Johnson County, Iowa 611 S. Clinton Street. This house was built in 1903 for Thomas D. Davis, and was completed in early 1904, In August 1903, a local newspaper reported that "Plans are being made by architect [O. H.] Carpenter for a modern ten room house for T. D. Davis to be erected at the corner of Prentis [sic] and Clinton. The house when completed will be one of the most convenient and modern of its size in the city. Mr. Davis will use the house for a residence.i55 The contract for constructing the house was let on September 9, 1903, to the local firm of Sheets & Freyder. It was announced at the time that the house would be completed that fall 56 The frame of the house was nearly completed by the end of September, and the house itself had been completed by mid -January 1904, when the Davis family moved into it.57 Although no image was located of the original appearance of the house, the building probably retained close to its original appearance at the time a photograph of the house was taken in 1952 (Figure 4). Thomas D. Davis worked as a clerk at Bruce Moore's hardware store from at least 1904 to 1911. No occupation was listed for him in city directories in 1915 or later. He had presumably retired, since he was about 68 years old in 1911. He died around 1935, and in 1936 his widow Margaret Davis sold the property to her children, who owned the property until 1944. The house was leased to Annie Fitzpatrick from at least 1940 to 1944. In 1944, the property was sold to Anna M., Julia and Bridget Fitzpatrick, the former presumably being the early 1940s renter of the same name.58 From 1955 to 1972, the property was owned by Gordon Glen Clausen, who operated the Clausen Nursing Home from the property from the 1950s to about 1971. He also lived in the house 59 The house was remodeled extensively at some point between 1952 and 1971, including the addition of a full third story, the removal of the front porch, and changes to the siding and windows 60 This was probably done in preparation for converting the house to a nursing home, although it may have been done during the time the building was used as a nursing home. In August 1971, a recovery center for alcoholics was opened in the building. It operated as the Gill Voss Recovery House until at least the late 1970s.61 The building was later converted to an apartment house, its present use. 56 The Iowa Citizen, August 10, 1903, p. 1. 56 "Briefs" column, The Iowa Citizen, September 9, 1903, p. [8]. " "Work Progressing," The Iowa Citizen, September 30, 1903, p. [6], "Settled in Home," January 18, 1904, [8]. 58 Johnson County, Iowa, Auditor's Office, Transfer Books; Iowa City city directories, 1936-1944. 59 Johnson County, Iowa, Auditor's Office, Transfer Books; Iowa City city directories, 1954-1959. The last newspaper reference to the Clausen Nursing Home discovered during the research for the present nomination was published in January 1971; see Iowa City Press -Citizen, January 19, 1971, p. 6B. 6o For its appearance in 1952, see Figure 4. The house had attained essentially its present appearance by 1971; see Myron A. Kautsch, "`Recovery House' Here for Alcoholics," Iowa City Press -Citizen, August 30, 1971, pp. IA-2A. 67 Kautsch; International Halfway House Association, Directory, 1977-1978 (Cincinnati, Ohio: International Halfway House Association, ca. 1977), p. 44 (available on the National Criminal Justice Reference Service internet web site, at https://www.ncirs.gov/ndffileslfDiaitizationMl437NCJR&po. NPS Form 10-900-a OM6 Approval No. 1024-0018 (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 34 Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Historic District Johnson County, Iowa For Sale —Immediate Possession This 9-room home at 611 South Clinton street Is for sale now, and im- mediate possession can be given. House has hot water system (oil heat). There are two garages; lot is 65 ft.xl54 ft. Call or see J. H. Peters, guardian (Dial 3586) Figure 4. Image of 611 S. Clinton Streetfrom a 1952 newspaper advertisement. Source: Iowa City Press -Citizen, March 14, 1952, p. 11. This photograph depicts what were likely the original massing, roofline, fenestration pattern, siding and front porch. All were changed between 1952 and 1971, by which time the building had attained essentially its present appearance. NPS Form 10-900-a OMB Appmva/ No. 1024 18 (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 35 Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Flistoric District Johnson County, Iowa 612 S. Clinton Street. This building was originally located at 328 S. Clinton Street, and was built in 1907 for F. D. Lindsley. It was designed by O. H. Carpenter, a local architect who designed two other building in the nominated district: the T. D. Davis house at 611 S. Clinton Street (noncontributing) and the Ellen Donohoe house at 614 S. Clinton Street (contributing). The former Lindsley house has the highest integrity of design, materials and workmanship of the three Carpenter -designed houses in the nominated district, It was moved to its current location in 1948 when its original location became the site of a building for the Sears, Roebuck & Co. Farm Store (non -extant) 62 A photograph of this house being moved was published in a local newspaper in July 1948 (Figure 6) 65 Franklin David Lindsley (1845-1909) grew up on a farm in Knox County, Ohio, then moved with his family to Galt, Illinois, where he became an agent for the Chicago and Northwestern Railroad. He later moved to Mt. Auburn, Iowa, where he worked as an agent for the Burlington, Cedar Rapids & Northern Railroad, and in 1882 moved to Iowa City to take a similar position with the same company (later absorbed by the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific). After working for three years around 1904 in the coal business in the firm of Foster & Co. (or Foster & Lindsley), he returned to railroading to work as an agent for the Cedar Rapids and Iowa City interurban railroad at Iowa City, a position he held until his death in 1909. He was married in 1872 to Penena Kile, and the couple had two children who survived to adulthood.64 Additional research on the house in its original location was not conducted as part of the present nomination. In 1948, a Sears, Roebuck & Co. Farm Store was planned for the original site of the house. One older house was demolished for this new construction, but the former Lindsley house was purchased by Homer and Mae Beals and moved to a lot they owned three blocks to the south, now 612 S. Clinton Street. An earlier house on this site, shown on fire insurance maps from 1899 through 1912, was removed between 1912 and 1920, and the lot remained vacant until the Lindsley house was moved onto it in 1948 6s Homer and Mae Beals owned this property from 1948 to 1976, when the estate of Mae Beals sold the property to the present owners. The Beals family did not live in the house themselves; city directories published between 1949 and 1959 list a series of short-term tenants. This trend has presumably continued to the present, since the building remains divided into rental apartments. 62 "Plan $50,000 New Building," Iowa City Press -Citizen, June 19, 1948, p. 2. This article notes that the southern of the two houses removed for the new farm store —presumably the Lindsley house —"is to be moved soon to a lot three blocks southward on Clinton street," and that the new building was scheduled to be completed by October 1. Another house on the site of the new building, built in 1869, was torn down rather than moved. This house was pictured in the newspaper two weeks later, although the photograph caption noted erroneously that both houses on the site were being torn down; see "79-Year-Old House Goes Down," Iowa City Press -Citizen, July 1, 1948, p. 1. " "Move House to Make Way for Farm Store," Iowa City Press -Citizen, July 20, 1948, p. 9. 64 Clarence Ray Aurner, Leading Events in Johnson County Iowa History, Volume 2 (Cedar Rapids, Iowa: Westem Historical Press, 1912), pp. 496-499; Iowa City city directories, 1901-1909. 65 Johnson County, Iowa, Auditor's Office, Transfer Books; Sanbom-Penis Map Company, fire insurance map of Iowa City, Iowa, 1892; Sanborn Map Company, fire insurance maps of Iowa City, Iowa, 1906-1933 (updated through 1948). NPS Fonn 10.900-a OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 36 Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Historic District Johnson County, Iowa RlalUl?\('i: OF MRS. h. 1). 1.I\11ttiLEY Figure S. House built for Frank D. Lindsley and his family in 1907, in its original location at 328 S. Clinton Street (now located at 612 S. Clinton Street). From Clarence Ray Aurner, Leading Events in Johnson County Iowa History, Volume 2 (Cedar Rapids, Iowa: Western Historical Press, 1912), p. 497. Aside from the front porch and the foundation, the house in its present location appears to be essentially unaltered from the time this photograph was taken around 1911. NPS Forth 10-900a OMB Approval No. 10240018 (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 37 Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Historic District Johnson County, Iowa Move House to Make Way for Farm Store Figure 6. Former Lindsley house at 328 S. Clinton Street being moved to its present location at 612 S. Clinton Street. From the Iowa City Press -Citizen, July 20, 1948, p. 9. The original porch posts and railing are not shown in this photograph, but it is not clear whether they were moved separately for reassembly on the new site, or had been removed at some point prior to the move. The original wood shingle roof had been replaced by the time of the move by a standing seam metal roof, and the brick chimney had been removed above the roofline. 614 S. Clinton Street. Construction of this house was started in 1899, but it may not have been completed until 1900. Lot 7, where the house is located, was owned between 1891 and 1920 by James and Ellen Donohoe. James Donohoe died in 1894. A house (non -extant) had been constructed on the NPS Form 10.900-a OMB Appwal No. 10244018 (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 38 Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Historic District Johnson County, Iowa north half of Lot 7, on the site of the present 612 S. Clinton Street, by 1899, and may have predated the Donohoes' ownership 66 The present house at 614 S. Clinton Street was designed by local Iowa City architect O. H. Carpenter. In June 1899, a local newspaper reported that "Architect Carpenter has completed plans for an elegant new residence to be erected by Mrs. Ella Donohoe on South Clinton Street."67 A week later, it was reported that Thomas Hanlon's workforce had begun digging the cellar for the house.68 No further reference to the construction of the house could be located. It is possible that the house was not completed until 1900, since Ellen Donohoe and her family are still listed at their previous address on S. Governor Street in the 1900 census. By the time the 1901 city directory was compiled, she was listed as living on S. Clinton Street, although no house number was given.b9 Ellen Donohoe lived only briefly in this house, since in 1902 she commissioned O. H. Carpenter to design her a new house at 22 E. Court Street (non -extant). She had moved into this house by the time of the 1904 city directory.70 It is not known what caused her to live only briefly in her house on S. Clinton Street, but it was evidently not any dissatisfaction with the architect. Ellen Donohoe retained ownership of the house at 614 S. Clinton Street, leasing it to tenants until her death in 1919.71 The house continued to be rented to tenants under all subsequent owners: Allie I. Lenz and her heirs (1920-1930), Wilbur R. Shields and his wife (1930-1946), John C. Organ and his wife (1946), Emil and Della Lacour (1946), members of the Hunter family (1946-1964), Jane Dare (later Jane Parker) (1964-1972, although she and her husband Edwin Dare bought the property on contract in 1954), and the most recent three owners (1972 to the present). i The tenants of this property tended to have a fairly high turnover rate. It was rare for an individual to be listed as a tenant in more than one city directory, and the only tenants to be listed in more than two successive directories were also owners of the property: John C. Organ and June E. Dare. Curiously, John C. Organ was listed in city directories at this address as a tenant in 1936, and later as an 66 Johnson County, Iowa, Recorder's Office, Deed Book 67, p. 175; Deed Book 105, p. 467; "Found Dead in His Bed," The Iowa Citizen, February 2, 1894, p. [5]; Sanborn Map Company 1899. 67 "Local News" column, Daily Iowa State Press, June 19, 1899, p. [5]. 68 "Local News" column, Daily Iowa State Press, June 28, 1899, p. [5]. 69 1900 U.S. census, Iowa, Johnson County, Iowa City, Ellen Donohoe entry; Iowa City city directory, 1901. It should be noted that another Donohoe family with an adult named Ellen also built houses on land she owned on S. Clinton Street at around the same time, so it was necessary to match the newspaper references carefully with the right house and family, as determined by Sanborn fire insurance maps, deeds and census records. Michael and Ellen Donohoe had two houses with identical footprints built at 416 and 420 S. Clinton Street in 1900 and 1901, but these are believed to be the houses listed in newspaper references as built by local contractor J. J. Hotz for "M. Donohoe"; see Daily Iowa State Press, December 29, 1900, p. [41; "Year's Great Record," December 31, 1900, p. [3]; "Good Year, Goodbye!" December 31, 1901, p. [4]; Sanborn Map Company 1906. 70 "News" column, Daily Iowa State Press, November 11, 1902, p. [41; "News" column, Daily Iowa State Press, December 13, 1902, p. (4]; American Contractor, November 22, 1902, p. 27; 1904 Iowa City city directory. 71 Johnson County, Iowa, Auditor's Office, Transfer Books; Find A Grave intemet web site entry for Ellen Donohoe, St. Michael's Cemetery, Holbrook, Iowa, at hMs://secure.findacrave.com/; accessed May 6, 2015, NPS Forth IMO0 OMB Appmval No. 1024-0018 ("6) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 39 Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Historic District Johnson County, Iowa owner in 1940-1946, but land records show that he owned the property for no more than a 12-day period in 1946.72 Based on the number of people listed at this address in city directories, the house was rented as a single unit until about 1928. From 1928 to 1934, it was divided into three apartments, but it returned to a single unit from 1936 until about 1952. It then housed two tenants in 1954, three in 1956, four in 1958 and five in 1959.73 The house continues to be divided into multiple apartments today. 615 S. Clinton Street. In October 1907, it was reported that Mrs. Patrick of S. Clinton Street had purchased the lot south of the T. D. Davis house (see 611 S. Clinton Street above) with the intention of building a "fine modern residence" on the property.74 The house was identified in an end -of -the -year building summary published in a local newspaper in December 1907 as a "ten room modern residence: '75 However, the house was evidently not completed until 1908, since it was also included in a 1909 retrospective of buildings in Iowa City entitled "New Residences Built in Iowa City in 1908." According to the 1909 description of the house, it was designed and built by local architect and contractor B. A. Wickham. The house was described as "large and imposing.... There are eleven rooms in the house which is equipped with a hot water heating system and all modern conveniences. The house is finished in oak and yellow pine."76 Like many other houses in the nominated district, this house did not remain single -occupancy for long. Lucinda Patrick was last listed at this address in city directories in 1915. By 1918, and continuing for the next decade, the house was rented to a series of professional fraternities for students at the university: Delta Sigma Delta (dentistry) from 1918 to 1922, Chi Delta Sigma (technology) in 1924 and 1926, and Delta Sigma Pi (business/commerce) in 1928. After the last fraternity left the building, the owners leased the house to a series of short-term tenants until 1943. During this period, Lucinda Patrick sold the property in 1920 to F. M. Barnes and Timothy Coglan, although Coglan sold his share to Barnes in 1923. In 1943, the property was acquired by Carl T. and Dorothy D. Kirk. Carl Kirk worked as a carpenter. His wife Dorothy died in 1950.77 Between 1954 and 1956, Carl Kirk married again and moved to a house on Bowery Street. Through at least the 1960s, and probably later, the house at 615 S. Clinton 72 Johnson County, Iowa, Recorder's Office, Deed Book 181, p. 529; Deed Book 192, p. 30; Iowa City city directories, 1936-1946. Possibly he bought the property as a contract purchase in the late 1930s and it was not completely paid off until 1946. 73 Iowa City city directories, 1911-1959. J4 The Iowa Citizen, October 2, 1907, p. [4]. 75 "Big Building Season," The Iowa City Citizen, December 27, 1907, p. 1. 76 "New Residences Built in Iowa City in 1908," The Iowa City Citizen, January 13, 1909, p. 5. The photograph caption mistakenly gives Mrs. Patrick's initials as "L. F." rather than "L. J:' T Johnson County, Iowa, Auditor's Office, Transfer Books; Iowa City city directories, 1943-1956; "Mrs. C. T. Kirk, 68, Of Iowa City, Dies This Afternoon," Iowa City Press -Citizen, February 24, 1950, p. 1. NPS Form 10-900-a OMB Approval No. 1024-M8 (8A9) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 40 Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Historic District Johnson County, Iowa III:SIDENCII OR NIIIS. L. F. I'ATIUCK, l)ib S. CLINTON S. Designed and Ballt by B. A. WICKHAM. Figure 7. House at 615 S. Clinton Street built in 1907-1908 for Lucinda J. Patrick. From the "New Residences Built in Iowa City in 1908"series published in the Iowa City Citizen, January 13, 1909, p. 5. This photograph depicts a house much dierent from the one seen today. The house was originally a two- story Foursquare house with a Colonial Revival -style porch, a central gabled dormer on the front facade, and a three -sided bay window and dormer window on the north side of the house. Today the building has been raised to three stories, the bay window on the north has been removed, and the building has new siding and new fenestration. Oddly, given the other changes to the building, the Colonial Revival -style front porch appears to be original. NPS Form 10-900- OMB Appm"l No 1024-0018 (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 41 Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Historic District Johnson County, Iowa Street was divided into seven apartments.78 The house remains in use as an apartment house, and has probably not changed uses since the 1950s. It is not known when the attic story was removed and replaced by the present full third story, although it may have happened when the building was first converted to seven apartments in the 1950s. The building was described as a three-story building in 1969, suggesting that the change had occurred by then 79 Since the number of apartments did not change between 1956 and 1969, it is most likely that the third story was added in the 1950s. 617 S. Clinton Street. This house was originally built in 1907 at 28 W. Jefferson Street for Mrs. Kate Abbott. It was described at the time of its construction as an "eight room residence," located at Jefferson and Madison streets, although it was actually the second house east of the comer.80 Seven years later, in 1914, the State University of Iowa acquired Mrs. Abbott's property in order to build a women's gymnasium, now Halsey Hall. In early October 1914, Kate Abbott sold her property on Washington Street to the university, and bought a house lot on S. Clinton Street 81 As reported in a local newspaper in 1915, in a summary of building projects in Iowa City the previous year, "Mrs. Kate Abbott moved her residence from W. Jefferson street to S. Clinton and remodeled and improved it extensively."82 No information is available about the architect or builder of the house in its original location. Katherine M. Dinter, or Denter (1857-1943) married Cyrus W. Abbott (1850-1893) in Iowa City, Iowa, in 1875. Cyrus Abbott worked in a saw mill in Washington County, Iowa, in 1880, and in Iowa City in 1885. After his death in 1893 at the age of about 43, Katherine never remarried.S3 Their son Edward graduated from the homeopathic medical department of the State University of Iowa in 1899, and practiced medicine in Black River Falls, Wisconsin, for the next five years. 84 Dr. Abbott moved to New York in 1904, and to Omaha, Nebraska, in 190685 It is not known whether or for how long Kate Abbott 78 Iowa City city directories, 1956-1959; "Apartment Damaged By Fire," Iowa City Press -Citizen, January 10, 1969, Jr. 3A. 79 "Apartment Damaged By Fire." 80 "Big Building Season," The Iowa City Citizen, December 27, 1907, p. 1. 81 Johnson County, Iowa, Recorder's Office, Deed Book 108:572, 594; "Condemn, If Forced to It," Iowa City Daily Press, July 3, 1914, p. 4; John Beldon Scott and Rodney P. Lehnertz, The University oflowa Guide to Campus Architecture (Iowa City, Iowa: The University of Iowa Press, 2006), pp. 45-46. 82 "Add Many New Homes in Year," The Iowa City Citizen, January 18, 1915, p. 6. 83 Entry in Ancestry.com database for marriage of Cyrus W. Abbott and Katie Dinter; 1880 U.S. census, Iowa, Washington County, Iowa Township, Joseph Shockley entry; 1885 Iowa State Census, Johnson County, Iowa City, Cyrus W. Abbott entry; Find A Grave internet web site aittp://www.findacrave.coentries for Cyrus W. Abbott and Katherine Abbott, both buried in Oakland Cemetery, Iowa City, Iowa; Iowa City city directories, 1909-1940. ""Abbott, Dr. E. Carson," entry in Albert Watkins, History ofNebraska: From the Earliest Explorations to the Present Time, Volume 3 (Lincoln: Western Publishing and Engraving Company, 1913), p. 485. Kate and Edward Abbott were living in Black River Falls at the time of the 1900 census; see 1900 U.S., Census, Wisconsin, Jackson County, Black River Falls, Kate M. Abbott entry. 85 "Abbott, Dr. E. Carson," entry in History of Nebraska. NPS Form 10-900 OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 (6-66) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 42 Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Itistoric District Johnson County, Iowa joined her son for either of these moves, but she was back in Iowa City by 1907, when she commissioned the present house in its original W. Jefferson Street location. After the house had been moved to 617 S. Clinton Street in 1914, Kate Abbott remained in the house until her death in 1943. Between about 1932 and 1936, she also advertised furnished rooms in her house.86 At the time of the 1930 census, her household included three unrelated roomers, all single men; by 1940, she was living alone 87 After Kate Abbott's death, the property was inherited by her nieces and nephews, children of her brother Adolph D. Denter.88 It is not clear why Kate's son Edward did not inherit the property, but it is most likely that he died in 1939 and left no descendants; an Edward C. Abbott died in that year and is buried in Iowa City.89 Kate Abbott's nephew Chester Denter owned the property from 1944 to 1946, and he and his presumed father Adolph Denter were listed as living in the house in the 1946 city directory. At the time, Chester Denter was a factory worker in the Hutchinson Ice Cream Division of the Borden Company.90 The house was occupied by James F. and Bertilla Burke from at least 1949 to 1959. The Burkes bought the property in 1952. James F. Burke worked as an ambulance driver for the university hospital 91 The house remained in the Burke family (James and Bertilla Burke from 1952 to 1986, and afterwards their children) until 1994, when it was sold to its present owners. By 1958, a second unit appears to have been included in the building, and by 1973, the building was advertised as a triplex.92 The building continues to be rented as apartments. 624 S. Clinton Street. This former hotel, now an apartment building, was built in 1901 for Michael O'Reilly. O'Reilly, who worked at the time as a saloon keeper, evidently built the hotel on speculation in response to the construction of the railroad depot on Wright Street in! 1898, but did not intend to operate it himself. Michael O'Reilly's purchased the site of the present building in March 1901 and immediately announced his intention to construct a hotel on the site.93 In April 1901, it was announced that "Harry Smith has the carpenter contract and John Osborne the plumbing contract on the brick veneer hotel for M. 86Iowa City city directories, 1915-1943. 87 1930 U.S. census, Iowa, Johnson County, Iowa City, Katherine Abbott entry; 1940 U.S. census, Iowa, Johnson County, Iowa City, Katherine Abbott entry. 88 Johnson County, Iowa, Auditor's Office, Transfer Books; various Johnson County census records showing the relationship of members of the Denter family to Kate Abbott. s9 Find A Grave intemet web site (htty://www.findalzrave.comn entry for Edward C. Abbott, buried in Oakland Cemetery, Iowa City, Iowa. 90 1946 Iowa City city directory. 9' Johnson County, Iowa, Auditor's Office, Transfer Books; Iowa City city directories, 1949-1959. 9' 1958 Iowa City city directory; advertisement in Iowa City Press -Citizen, March 28, 1973, p. 23A; Johnson County, Iowa, Auditor's Office, Transfer Books; 1940 U.S. census, Iowa Dubuque County, Cascade, James Burke entry. 93 Johnson County, Iowa, Recorder's Office, Deed Book 83, p. 340; The Iowa Citizen, March 29, 1901, p. [5]. NPS Form 1 O9OO- OMB Appmval No. 102"019 (ms) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 43 Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Historic District Johnson County, Iowa O. Reilly, after plans by J. W. Messinger."94 J. W. "Messinger" was almost certainly John W. Metzinger, an Iowa City carpenter and contractor who also designed buildings (see his biographical sketch above).95 The contract was let for $13'000 96 Smith's contract most likely included the brick veneer as well as the carpentry work, since no mention of a separate masonry contract was made in any of the sources consulted. In late April, the site for the new hotel was cleared by removing an "old stone house ... [that] had been standing for more than half a century and was still in use until torn down.s97 A month later, the hotel was described as follows: The frame work of M. O[']Reilly's new hotel has been erected as high as the second floor. The indications are that rooms will be large and well lighted[.] The lobbies, dining hall, kitchen and pantries will all be on the first floor. The main entrance of the hotel will be towards the west 98 Lathing of the hotel occurred in June99 By early August it was announced that the hotel was almost finished: Michael O'Reilly's hotel near the C. R. 1. & P. depot is almost finished. The second and third stories are done, and the first will be completed this week. The opening day will be August 20 or thereabouts, if present plans do not fail. Mr. O'Reilly is in correspondence with W. F. Sanderson, until recently landlord of the St. Nichols, at Kent in Ohio, and the latter will be here this week, possibly to close a contract with the owner of the new hotel to run it.100 However, the plan to contract the hotel operation to Sanderson evidently fell through, and the hotel did not open on schedule. In January 1902, it was announced that O'Reilly would open the hotel around February 1, and would operate it himself since he was unable to secure a tenant.101 Finally, the hotel was opened informally on March 2, 1902 (Figure 8). At the time it opened, it was reported that 94 "Hotels," Construction News, April 27, 1901, p. 284. 9' This conclusion is based in part on the fact that no known architect or builder surnamed Messinger is known to have worked in Iowa City at this time, and in part on the fact that J. W. Metzinger had worked on at least two other projects for O'Reilly in 1900 and 1901, in those cases most likely as a contractor ("Year's Great Record," December 31, I900, p. [3]; "Good Year, Goodbye!" December 31, 1901, p. [4]). 96 The Iowa Citizen, April 19, 1901, p. [5]. 97 Daily Iowa State Press, April 25, 1901, p. [3]. 98 "News" column, Daily Iowa State Press, May 29, 1901, p. [4], 99 "News" column, Daily Iowa State Press, June 17, 1901, p. [4]. loo Daily Iowa State Press, August 5, 1901, p. [4]. 10' The Iowa Citizen, January 24, 1902, p. [3]. NPS Form 10-900-a OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 44 Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Historic District Johnson County, Iowa HigboMm HoteL ` xlletra 4t� t�er.>i..tt.o.ta zestaby NoWitold w tow 2"k qhoL ( Hotel O'Reilly, the laranV and haud- some hostelry erected by Michael O'-Reilly at the lutenectlon of Clinton and Wright streets, eonvemeatly close to the C., It, 1, and IA. depot, was in- formally dedleated Sunday. A large number of people were pres- cut, and partook of a splendidly cook- ed dinner and served with very agreea- ble Tyra and attention. many well known ladies and gentlemen partook of the choice repast atal all congratu- - Med the proprietor warmly on his in- itial success. 'rho hotel ham 30 fine rooms and Mr. O'Reilly will build so many more the coq�tog summer. 9'he delirious dinner served yester- cuy euibrareil the following menu: Blue Points Caviar un Toast Stuffed Olives Chicken Gumbo Celery Now Radishes Awrn .oung'Turkey—llreseiag—Crin- berry sauce (toast Prime Sirloin of Beef as jug Jamb Clitips—Mushrooms Apricots with Rice Mashed Potatoes peas Asparagus Tips Sugar Corn Lettuce Salad Peach Pie Pumpkin Pie VaniLa Iee Cream Assorted Cake Figs Srnr.Cream Cheese \evrportCrackera Frult Tea Coffee Cocoa Milk - � A Figure 8. Newspaper announcement of the opening of Hotel O'Reilly on March 2, 1902 (Daily Iowa State Press, March 3, 1902, p. [4]). NPS Form t0A00-a OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 45 Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Historic District Johnson County, Iowa "[t]he hotel has 30 fine rooms and Mr. O'Reilly will build as many more the coming summer."102 These additional rooms were apparently never built, since in August 1904 it was reported that the hotel had "28 sleeping rooms for guests and one large sample room for the display of goods shown by traveling salesmen carrying samples." The same 1904 article on the hotel also noted that: The house has all modern convenience[s] such as steam heat, electric and gas light, call bells, etc. There are also bath rooms on every floor and water, both hot and cold, in every room. The hotel is a most home -like place admirably located and is conducted upon the American plan [which includes three meals as part of the room rate]. The rates are $1.50 per day. Mrs. N. L. White is manager of the hotel, and she devotes herself most successfully to the comfort, pleasure and entertainment of those who are fortunate enough to be either transient or permanent guests at the O'Reilly Hotel.103 Beginning in 1903, Michael O'Reilly began offering motorized transportation between the two railroad depots in the city and the St. James Hotel in downtown Iowa City. The "Mobile" described below presumably traveled straight north on Clinton Street past several of the other houses in the nominated district: There has been much interest manifest in Michael O'Reilly's "Mobile," and many people of this city have been treated to a pleasant ride by the genial owner. Mr. O'Reilly announces that he will run the "Mobile" as a public conveyance hereafter and that he will charge 10 cents for each passenger from the St. James hotel to either the C. R. I. & P. or the B. C. R. & N. [Burlington, Cedar Rapids and Northern] depots [the latter located on Burlington Street between Gilbert and Van Buren streets], and a like sum for the return trip. All patrons of the Hotel O'Reilly will be given their passage free.... The "Mobile" is what is known as a "Wagonette." It is propelled by a 14-horse power steam engine and is one of the very latest and best to be had. This machine was shipped from the east to Chicago for the purpose of exhibition at the great automobile show held there last fall and it was purchased by Mr. O'Reilly in Chicago. It has a canopy top with side curtains in case of storm, is finely cushioned and is in every way convenient and excellent. It carries 12 people easily and can be run at a very high rate of speed.100. Michael O'Reilly sold the hotel property in 1907 to A. J. Olinger, an absentee landowner who lived in Harrison County, Iowa, in 1907, and in Fulton County, Illinois, when he sold the property a year 102 "High -Class Hotel," Daily Iowa State Press, March 3, 1902, p. [4]. 163 "O'Reilly's Hotel," Iowa City Daily Press, Midsummer Industrial Edition, August 5, 1904, p. [8]. 164 "Will Run in for Passengers," The Iowa Citizen, March 18, 1903, p. [5]. NPS Form 10-900-a OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 (8 86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 46 Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Historic District Johnson County, Iowa later in 1908 to Thomas Metcal£105 After Metcalf died in 1913, his son Mason Metcalf lost the property in a court -ordered sale to the Johnson County Savings Bank, which assigned the deed to Dan Donovan. Dan Donovan and his wife Margaret sold the hotel property in 1919 to Mary H. McCarthy. She was the first long-term owner of the hotel property, owning it from 1919 until 1943,106 The hotel was operated as the Hotel O'Reilly during most or all of the period when Michael O'Reilly owned it, from 1901 to 1907. It was probably under the next owner, A. J. Olinger, who owned the property from 1907 to 1908, that the hotel's name was changed to the New West Hotel, a name it retained until 1923. In 1923, under the ownership of Mary McCarthy, the name was changed to the Hotel Andrews, named after its new landlord, Mr. S. V. Andrews.107 It was reported at the time Andrews assumed his position as landlord in 1923 that he "plans to develop the Hotel Andrews into one of the best small hotels in the state. In addition to the regular hotel rooms, he will have a few thoroughly modern furnished kitchenette apartments." The building continued to be known as the Hotel Andrews until about 1935, when it was renamed the Cain Apartments. The new name evidently came from Dell and Tillie Cain, who in 1935 entered into a contract to buy the property, although this eventually fell through. The Cains occupied one of the apartments in the building from about 1935 to 1942.108 The 1935 renaming of the building was evidently the culmination of a long-term shift in the business away from a hotel for rail travelers and towards apartments for longer term tenants. The 1928 city directory lists the Hotel Andrews as having three apartments (labeled A, B and C), while the city directories of 1930 through about 1946 list four apartments in the Hotel Andrews and Cain Apartments. It is not clear whether the building housed both short-term hotel rooms and long-term apartments throughout this period, or whether the four apartments occupied the entire space formerly devoted to hotel rooms. As late as 1958, only four people were listed in the city directory as living at 624 S. Clinton Street. However, in the 1959 directory, the building was listed as having 16 apartments, 12 of them occupied at that time. The conversion to 16 apartments was probably made by Mark Thompson, who contracted to purchase the former hotel property in 1957, and who transferred this contract to two partners in an investment company in 1962. 09 The building appears to have remained in use as a 16-unit apartment building since 1959, The current owners acquired the building in 1993 . 10 '05 Johnson County, Iowa, Recorder's Office, Deed Book 98, pp. 280, 315 and 387; Deed Book 93, p. 197. 106 Find A Grave internet web site (http://www.findaerave.com/) entry for Thomas Metcalf, buried in Oakland Cemetery, Iowa City, Iowa; Johnson County, Iowa, Recorder's Office, Deed Book 87, p. 48; Deed Book 118, p. 106; Deed Book 178, p. 396. In 1935, Mary McCarthy and her husband entered into a contract with Dell and Tillie Cain (see below) to purchase the property, but this contract was terminated when the property was sold to Alfred and Emma Spaan in 1943; see Johnson County, Iowa, Recorder's Office, Deed Book 178, p. 395. 107 "New West to Rank High as Hotel Andrews," Iowa City Press -Citizen, February 1, 1923, p. 11. 10' Johnson County, Iowa, Recorder's Office, Deed Book 178, p. 395; Iowa City city directories, 1936-1942. 19s Johnson County, Iowa, Recorder's Office, Deed Book 189, p. 71; Deed Book 229, p. 338; Deed Book 231, p. 292. 1" Johnson County, Iowa, Auditor's Office, Transfer Books. NPS Form IMOOa (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Historic District Johnson County, Iowa OMB Approval No. 10240018 Page 47 Figure 9. Hotel O'Reilly, facing northeast, March 30, 1966. The principal changes to the building since 1966 have been the replacement of the front porch railings; the replacement of one window on the first story, south facade, with a door; and the replacement of the smaller gabled hood over the original door with a correspondingly larger hood over both doors. Also note that the faded painted sign near the top of the south facade that now reads "Hotel O'Reilly" was not present in 1966. Cropped from image number 2-3-2 in the Mildred Mead Collection, "Iowa City —Streets —Residential" folder, State Historical Society of Iowa, Iowa City. 703 S. Dubuque Street. This modern business building was built in 1982, according to county assessor's records. It currently houses a plumbing and heating business. NPS Form 10-900-a OMB Approval No. 102"018 (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 48 Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Historic District Johnson County, Iowa 709 S. Dubuque Street. This house was built in the fall of 1903 for William Am, Jr., at about the time of his marriage to Kathryn (or Katharine) Lenz.11' No architect or builder was identified in the newspaper references consulted for the present nomination. Am was a teamster who worked with his father, William Am, Sr., and sometimes his brother, John F. C. Am, in the drayage firm of Am & Son or Am & Sons. William and Kathryn Am lived in their house for approximately 15 years between 1903 and William Am, Jr.'s death in 1918. They were not listed at this address in the 1911 city directory, however, when the house was occupied by Katherine Lenz's widowed mother and younger sister, Gertrude and Charlotte Lenz.112 After William Am's death, Kathryn (Lenz) Am lived in the house only for a year or two. In 1921, she married attorney Ernest H. Struve and moved to Lyons and later Clinton, Iowa. She continued to own the house in Iowa City, leasing it to a series of tenants. Before 1938, most of the tenants rented the house for between two and six years. Between 1938 and 1959, the house was occupied variously by Mrs. Letha Dunaway, widow of Marion Dunaway, a garage mechanic who lived in Rolfe, Iowa, in 1930; Letha Dunaway's son Raymond Dunaway, a mechanic; and Letha Dunaway's second husband, Harley Shalla, who worked as a painter in 1940.113 Kathryn Struve evidently died in or shortly before 1959. The house at 709 S. Dubuque Street was owned by her heirs until 1963, when it was sold to William D. and Dorothe J. Connell. William Connell, who founded and operated Bill's Plumbing and Heating in Iowa City, died in 2004. The property continues to be owned by his widow, Dorothe (Gilpin) Connell.114 109 E. Prentiss Street. This house was built in 1915 for Marian J. Grady, widow of William Grady. The Gradys had lived in the neighboring house at 113 E. Prentiss Street from about 1901 until William's death in 1910. The house at 109 E. Prentiss was built in 1915 by contractor J. H. Hunzinger. It ... Am bought the property in September 1903; see Johnson County, Iowa, Recorder's Office, Deed Book 83, p. 550. A housewarming party at "Will Am's handsome new house" was mentioned in the Daily Iowa State Press, November 25, 1903, p. 1. William and Kathryn Am had been married for seven years in 1910; see 1910 U.S. census, Iowa, Johnson County, Iowa City, William Am entry. 112 Iowa City city directories, 1904-1918; 1880 U.S. census entries, Iowa, Johnson County, Lincoln Twp., John Lenz entry; 1910 U.S. census, Iowa, Johnson County, Fremont Twp., Gertrude Lenz entry. 113 "Wedding is Announced," in "Society" column, Iowa City Press -Citizen, December 2, 1921, p. 2; Iowa City city directories, 1919-1959; 1925 Iowa State Census, Clinton County, Clinton, Ernest H. Struve entry; 1930 U.S. census, Iowa, Pocahontas County, Rolfe, Marion Dunaway entry; 1940 U.S. census, Iowa, Johnson County, Iowa City, Harley Shalla entry. 114 Johnson County, Iowa, Auditor's Office, Transfer Books; Johnson County, Iowa, Assessor's internet web site (htti)://iowacity.iowaassessors.com/parcel.php?eid=264293), accessed May 11, 2015; William D. Connell obituary, The Gazette (Cedar Rapids, Iowa), June 5, 2004, p. 4B. Bill's Plumbing and Heating is located two lots to the north at 703 S. Dubuque Street, and is a noncontributing modern building in the nominated historic district. NPS Form 10-900-a OMB Approval No. f024-0018 (8- 6) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 49 Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Historic District Johnson County, Iowa was described as a six -room modern house, finished in red oak, and completed at a cost of $3,300.115 For more on William and Marian Grady, see below under 113 E. Prentiss Street. The house at 109 E. Prentiss Street was occupied by Marian Grady until 1923, when it was sold to Rose E. Landes. Rose Landes was the widow of Dr. Lucius Johnson Landes, a physician who had worked in Grand River, Decatur County, Iowa. He died in 1915, and in or about 1923, Rose Landes and her daughter Emma moved to Iowa City. They most likely moved because Emma, then aged about 19, had enrolled at the University of Iowa. By 1930, Emma Landes was working at the university as a student advisor, and she continued to work as a secretary or clerk at the university until her death in 1944. Rose Landes died 15 years later, in 1959.116 The estate of Rose Landes sold the property to Katherine LaSheck in 1963. The present owners acquired the property in 1983 119 113 E. Prentiss Street. This house was probably built between 1897 and 1899 for J. Walter Lee, who had lived with his family for about 20 years in a house on the same lot numbered 604 S. Clinton Street (see above). Between the 1897 and 1899 city directories, J. Walter Lee moved from 604 S. Clinton Street to 113 E. Prentiss Street. While it is possible that the Lees had had the house on Prentiss Street built earlier, and leased it to tenants before moving into it themselves around 1898, it is more likely that it was built for their own use in about 1898. No newspaper references to its constriction have yet been located."' The Lees lived in their new house only briefly, selling the property in 1901 to Marian J. Grady. She lived here with her husband William, who worked as a baggageman for the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific railroad in 1904, and as an express messenger in 1907 and 1909. William Grady died in 1910. Marian Grady continued to live at 113 E. Prentiss Street until 1915, when she had a new Foursquare house built for her use next door at 109 E. Prentiss Street (see above).1(9 In 1915, Marian Grady sold the property at 113 E. Prentiss Street to Mary Murphy, who owned the property until 1943. Mary Murphy, widow of Edward D. Murphy, occupied the house through about 1940. In the 1910s and 1920s, she shared the house with up to five tenants, but from 1932 to 1940 she was listed as the sole occupant at this address in city directories.120 Subsequent owners in the 1940s and 1950s were also owner -occupants who apparently did not rent out any portion of the house to tenants. ""'New Residences Recently Built," Iowa City Citizen, July 22, 1915, p. 5; "A Million Dollar Improvement Record Made in Iowa City for the Year 1915—Big Bridge, Paving, Residences, University," Iowa City Citizen, November 12, 1915, p. 5. ue 1910-1940 U.S. census records, 1925 Iowa state census, and Iowa City city directories, all available on the Ancestry.com intemet web site; photographs of Lucius, Rose and Emma Landes's gravestones, available on the Find A Grave internet web site (http://www.fuldauave.com�. 11. Johnson County, Iowa, Auditor's Office, Transfer Books. 18Iowa City city directories, 1897-1899. The new house had been built by the time the Sanbom-Perris Company compiled its 1899 fire insurance map of Iowa City. 19Iowa City city directories, 1904-1911; Johnson County, Iowa, Auditor's Office, Transfer Books; "Wm. Grady Passed Away Yesterday," Iowa City Citizen, February 2, 1910, p. 1. 121 Johnson County, Iowa, Auditor's Office, Transfer Books; Iowa City city directories, 1915-1940, NPS Form 10-900-a OMBApproWNo. 1024-0018 (SEO) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 50 Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Historic District Johnson County, Iowa Mary H. Healy owned the property from 1946 to 1961, although she had apparently sold the house on contract to the next owners, Clarence C. and Iva Sibley, around 1953, since the Sibleys were listed in city directories as the owners from 1954 through at least 1959, the last year consulted. The Sibleys owned the property outright from 1961 to 1971, when they sold it to the current owners.121 It is currently listed in county assessment records as a three-family conversion, a use that likely originated with the present owners. A photograph taken in 1966 indicates that the massing, roofline and fenestration pattern of the house have remained largely unchanged since that time, although the materials have been entirely replaced or concealed behind modern materials (Figure 10). 109-119 Wright Street. A statement of significance for this former railroad passenger depot, now an office building, was given in the 1982 National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination Form for this building. That significance has not changed since 1982, so the argument will only be summarized here. The building is individually eligible under Criterion C as a good example of Victorian architectural eclecticism, employing a combination of Richardsonian and Victorian Romanesque styles that is unique in Iowa City. It is also eligible under Criterion A for its importance to the transportation history of Iowa City. Built in 1898, it was the second passenger depot for the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railroad in Iowa City. It is the only surviving railroad passenger depot in Iowa City, and thus the most important representative of the significant historic context of railroad transportation in Iowa City. Railroad passenger service to the depot ended in 1970, and in 1982 two local attorneys purchased the building and converted it to office space.122 As described above in Section 7, this conversion involved filling in a former open passageway, but the change was made in a way sympathetic to the historic design and materials of the building, and has not significantly reduced its period integrity. 114 Wright Street. This combination house and lunch room was built in 1899 for William (Billy) Doyle and his wife Margaret.123 As reported in a local newspaper in June 1899: Contractor [Jacob] J. Hotz is building a house for Billy Doyle immediately across the street north from the Rock Island depot. Mr. Doyle will occupy the house as a dwelling, and will also conduct a lunch room and dining hall.124 William Doyle and his wife Margaret owned this lunch room only briefly, from its construction in 1899 to 1901. In August 1901 they sold the property to Michael O'Reilly, who at the time was in the 12. Johnson County, Iowa, Auditor's Office, Transfer Books; Iowa City city directories, 1942-1959. 122 James E. Jacobsen, "Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad Passenger Station," Iowa City, Johnson County, Iowa, National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination Form, 1982; copy on file, Iowa State Historic Preservation Office, Des Moines. 12' Johnson County, Iowa, Assessor's records incorrectly date this building to 1896; see httn://iowacit,/.iowaassessors.com/, accessed April 27, 2015. 124 "Local News" column, Daily Iowa State Press, June 17, 1899, p. [5]. NPS Fonn 10-900e OMB Appmv l No. 102"018 (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 51 Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Historic District Johnson County, Iowa Figure 10. 100 block of E. Prentiss Street, south side, including 604 S. Clinton Street on west end, facing southeast, March 30, 1966. 113 E. Prentiss Street is the third house from the right. The parts of the house visible in this photograph indicate that that massing, roofine and fenestration pattern of the house have remained essentially unchanged since 1966. Image number 2-3-3 in the Mildred Mead Collection, "Iowa City —Streets —Residential" folder, State Historical Society oflowa, Iowa City. Note that this image is misidentified on the envelope as "432, 422, 430 (.2) S. Dubuque. " NPS Form 10-900-a OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 (8 86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 52 Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Historic District Johnson County, Iowa process of constructing a hotel on the lot adjacent to the west (see above). O'Reilly owned the lunch room property until 1907, when he sold both the hotel and lunch room properties to A. J. Olinger. This may be the building about which it was reported in 1904: "A new lunch room has been opened in the O'Reilly building opposite the Rock Island's Wright Street station:'125 If so, it is not clear why it was identified as a new lunch room if a lunch room had existed there since 1899. If it is not the same building, it is unclear what building this new lunch room was located in. After O'Reilly sold the property in 1907, subsequent owners during the period of significance were A. J. Olinger (1907), W. A. and Augusta Phillips (1907), Euphemia Trine (1907-1917), Elmer J. Hamilton (1917) and his wife Ninna Hamilton (1917-1921), H. L. and Mary Campbell (1921-1925, sold by referee), Etta and Edward P. Lally (1925-1928), Harry Abbott and Anna M. Nortman (later married and known as Harry and Anna Abbott) (1928-1945), and Homer L. and Mae E. Beals (1945-1969)126 As discussed below, some of these owners are known to have operated the lunch room on this site, while others appear to have leased it to tenants. Occupants of the house and operators of the lunch room during this period included William and Minnie Burke (1911, 1915), John A. Donovan and Mrs. Margaret Donovan (1918), Mrs. Minnie Campbell and Harry L. Campbell (1919), Harry M. Campbell (1922), Anna M. Nortman (1924), and Henry A. Musack (1926). The business operated under the name Depot Lunch Room in most years between 1930 and at least 1959; exceptions included 1949, when the building was vacant, and 1952, when it operated as D. R. Davis Restaurant. Operators of the Depot Lunch Room were Harry Abbott and Anna M. Nortman (1930-1932), Harry Abbott (1934-1936), Charles A. Seemuth (1938), Homer L. Beals (1940-1946, also including Mrs. Mae E. Beals in 1940, Mrs. Mary T. Parrott in 1940-1942; and Mrs. Margaret T. Parrott -possibly the same as Mary T. Parrott -in 1946), Mrs. Lillian Bannon (1954), and William H. Phipps (1956-1959 and probably later).12' William H. Phipps, who operated the lunch room in the late 1950s, bought the property from Mae Beals in 1969, and owned the property until 1983.121 The obituary of Annie M. Abbott in 1948 mentions that she and her husband operated Depot Lunch for a number of years.129 ""'Local News Briefs" column, Iowa City Daily Press, November 26. 1904, p. 1. 126 Johnson County, Iowa, Auditor's Office, Transfer Books. 121 Iowa City city directories, 1911-1959. 121 Johnson County, Iowa, Recorder's Office, Deed Book 330, p. 190; Deed Book 645, p. 327. "Z9 "Annie Abbott Dies at Home," Iowa City Press -Citizen, April 14, 1948, p. 15. NP8 Form 10-900. OMB Appmv l No. 1024-0018 (8 36) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 53 Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Historic District Johnson County, Iowa Figure 11. Depot Lunch Room, facing northeast, March 30, 1966. The massing and roofline are essentially the same as today, aside from the change in the two flat roofs to sloped roofs and the removal of the open cornice returns. Changes to the windows and front porch have been more substantial, and have resulted in the building being counted as a noncontributing resource in the nominated district. Cropped from image number 2-4-2 in the Mildred Mead Collection, "Iowa City —Streets Residential " folder, State Historical Society of Iowa, Iowa City. NPS Form 10-900-a (6-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Historic District Johnson County, Iowa OMB Appmval No. 1024-001 B Page 54 Figure 12. Depot Lunch Room, facing northwest, March 30, 1966. Note that the locations of the doors are the same today as in 1966. Cropped from image number 2-4-3 in the Mildred Mead Collection, "Iowa City —Streets —Residential "folder, State Historical Society of Iowa, Iowa City. NPS Form 1 MOD -a OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 (a-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 9 Page 55 Clinton Street/Railroad Depot Historic District Johnson County, Iowa 9. Major Bibliographical References Aurner, Clarence Ray 1912 Leading Events in Johnson County Iowa History. Volume 2. Western Historical Press, Cedar Rapids, Iowa. [Author misnamed "Charles" Ray Aurner on title page.] Barber, George F. 1896 The Cottage Souvenir. Fourth Edition, Revised. George F. Barber & Co., Knoxville, Tennessee. Iowa City, Iowa, city directories 1875-1959 Various compilers, titles, publishers, and dates of publication. Iowa State Census 1885-1925 Iowa State Census, published in 1885, 1895, 1905, 1915 and 1925. Available on Ancestry.com. Sanborn Map Company. 1906 Iowa City, Iowa. Fire insurance map. Sanborn Map Company, New York. 1912 Iowa City, Iowa. Fire insurance map. Sanborn Map Company, New York. 1920 Iowa City, Iowa. Fire insurance map. Sanborn Map Company, New York. 1926 Iowa City, Iowa. Fire insurance map. Sanborn Map Company, New York. 1933 Iowa City, Iowa. Fire insurance map. Sanborn Map Company, New York. 1948 Iowa City, Iowa. Fire insurance map. 1933 map with updates through 1948. Sanborn Map Company, New York. Sanborn -Perris Map Company. 1892 Iowa City, Iowa. Fire insurance map. Sanborn -Perris Map Company, New York. 1899 Iowa City, Iowa. Fire insurance map. Sanborn -Perris Map Company, New York. United States Bureau of the Census 1870-1940 Population Schedules, Iowa, compiled in 1870, 1880, 1900, 1910, 1920, 1930 and 1940. Available on Ancestry.com. NPS Form 10 900 a OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 10 Page 56 Clinton Street/Railroad Depot Historic District Johnson County, Iowa 10. Verbal Boundary Description The boundary of the nominated historic district is shown in Figure 2. Boundary Justification The nominated historic district includes the NRHP-listed railroad depot (1898), two adjacent buildings associated directly with the depot (a former railroad hotel and a former lunch room), and a small cluster of former residential buildings (now divided into apartments) located along Clinton and Prentiss streets north of the depot and Dubuque Street south of the depot. With the exception of one 1950s residence and one 1982 commercial building, all of the buildings in the district represent the second generation of buildings in the Near Southside neighborhood. All but one of the contributing buildings date to between 1893 and 1915, and are thus roughly contemporary with the railroad depot. This cluster of nearly contemporary buildings represents the last remaining concentration of such buildings in the Near Southside neighborhood. To the north, east and west, nearly all of the buildings representing the same historic context have been replaced by modern governmental, university, commercial or apartment buildings and their associated parking lots. Only a few other buildings survive that represent the same historic context, and these buildings are usually isolated examples that are both less architecturally elaborate and more substantially remodeled than the contributing buildings in the nominated historic district. The nominated district includes a few noncontributing and marginally contributing buildings in order to create a compact district that includes both side lof a street where possible. However, at the core of the district are several important landmark buildings that appear to be individually eligible for National Register listing-530 S. Clinton Street, 604 S. Clinton Street, 624 S. Clinton Street and the National Register -listed railroad passenger depot —as well as three largely unaltered examples of early twentieth century residential buildings that are strongly contributing resources in the district: 612 S. Clinton Street, 709 S. Dubuque Street and 109 E. Prentiss Street. NPS Form 10-000a (5-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number Additional Documentation Clinton Street/Railroad Depot Historic District Johnson County, Iowa Additional Documentation Photograph Continuation Sheet OMBAppmvalft 1024L018 Page 57 Name of District: Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Historic District City or Vicinity: Iowa City County: Johnson County State: IA Name of Photographer: Richard J. Carlson Date of Photographs: April and May 2015 Location of Original Digital Files: Iowa Office of the State Archaeologist IA_ JolmsonCounty_C linton StreetRailroadDepotHistoricDistrict_0001 500 block (left) and 600 block (right) of S. Clinton St., east side, camera facing northeast. IA JohnsonCounty_ClintonStreetRailroadDepotHistoricDistrict_0002 600 block of S. Clinton Street, west side, camera facing southwest. IA_JohnsonCounty_ClintonStreetRailroadDepotHistoricDistrict 0003 West half of 100 block of E. Prentiss St., south side, camera facing southwest. IA_ JohnsonCounty_C l intonStreetRailroadDepotHi storicDi strict_0004 700 block of S. Dubuque St., west side; east end of former railroad depot on Wright St. also visible, camera facing northwest. IA_JohnsonCounty_ClintonStreetRailroadDepotHistorieDistrict 0005 530 S. Clinton Street, camera facing northeast. IA_JohnsonCounty_ClintonStreetRailroadDepotHistoricDistrict_0006 604 S. Clinton Street, camera facing southeast. IA_ JohnsonCounty_Clinton StreetRailroadDepotH istoricDi strict_0007 612 S. Clinton Street, camera facing southeast. IA_JohnsonCounty_ClintonStreetRailroadDepotH i storicDistrict_0008 614 S. Clinton Street, camera facing east-northeast. NPS Form 10-900-a (M6) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number Additional Documentation OMS Approval No. 1024-0018 Clinton Street/Railroad Depot Historic District Johnson County, Iowa Photograph Continuation Sheet (continued) IA_ JohnsonCounty_Cl intonStreetRailroadDepotHi storicDi strict_0009 624 S. Clinton Street (Hotel O'Reilly), front (west) facade, camera facing east-northeast. IA JohnsonCounty_ClintonStreetRailroadDepotHistoricDistrict_0010 624 S. Clinton Street (Hotel O'Reilly), south facade, camera facing north-northwest. IA_JohnsonCounty_ClintonStreetRailroadDepotHistoricDistrict 0011 605 S. Clinton Street, camera facing northwest. IA _JohnsonCounty_ClintonStreetRailroadDepotHistoricDistrict_0012 611 S. Clinton Street, camera facing northwest. IA_JohnsonCounty_ClintonStreetRailroadDepotHistorieDistrict_0013 615 S. Clinton Street, camera facing northwest. IA JohnsonCounty_ClintonStreetRailroadDepotHistoricDistrict 0014 617 S. Clinton Street, camera facing southwest. IA_ JohnsonCounty_C lintonStreetRail roadDepotHistoricDi strict_0015 709 S. Dubuque St., camera facing northwest. IA JohnsonCounty_ClintonStreetRailroadDepotHistoricDistrict_0016 Former railroad depot at 109-119 Wright St., camera facing northwest. Page 58 IA_ JohnsonCounty_Cl intonStreetRailroaddepotHistoricDistriet_0017 Former Hotel O'Reilly (624 S. Clinton St., left) and former lunch room (114 Wright St., center), viewed from porte cochere of former railroad depot (109-119 Wright St.), camera facing northwest. NPS Form 10-900-a (6�) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number Additional Documentation Clinton Street/Railroad Depot Historic District Johnson County, Iowa Index of Figures OMB Approval No- 1024-0018 Page 59 Figure 1. Map of Iowa City, Johnson County, Iowa, with location of Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Historic District noted. Figure 2. Site plan of the Clinton Street and Railroad Depot Historic District, showing the location and National Register boundary of the district and the contributing or noncontributing status of the properties in the district. Figure 3a. Photograph of house for Eugene Paine, Iowa City, Iowa, designed by George F. Barber & Co. of Knoxville, Tennessee, ca. 1895. Figure 3b. Floor plan and other information on house for Eugene Paine, Iowa City, Iowa, designed by George F. Barber & Co. of Knoxville, Tennessee. Figure 4. Image of 611 S. Clinton Street from a 1952 newspaper advertisement. Figure 5. House built for Frank D. Lindsley and his family in 1907, in its original location at 328 S. Clinton Street (now at 612 S. Clinton Street). Figure 6, Former Lindsley house at 328 S. Clinton Street being moved to its present location at 612 S. Clinton Street, 1948. Figure 7. House at 615 S. Clinton Street built in 1907-1908 for Lucinda J. Patrick, ca. 1908. Figure 8. Newspaper announcement of the opening of Hotel O'Reilly on March 2, 1902. Figure 9. Hotel O'Reilly, facing northeast, March 30, 1966. Figure 10. 100 block of E. Prentiss Street, south side, including 604 S. Clinton Street on west end, facing southeast, March 30, 1966. Figure It. Depot Lunch Room, facing northeast, March 30, 1966. Figure 12. Depot Lunch Room, facing northwest, March 30, 1966. yyyj� ! 1 CrCr '•.SFr. v E2 wow It a v A FO Oil ---- -- 1 y �j µv •.- - ,a y� ., grim 74 ��; 1Sr�tl �;_ , .ar"�►•, 77- Atli llii tl�' 11 ��'1`'; v.✓,_., _ %� �j�s� TA t j ielr /jj� �7G711 .-_.- 1 a zt* 4 fit: IA_JohnsonCounty_ClintonStreetRailroadDepotHistorieDistriet 0017 MINUTES PRELIMINARY HISTORIC PRESERVATION COMMISSION AUGUST 13, 2015 EMMA HARVAT HALL MEMBERS PRESENT: Kent Ackerson, Thomas Agran, Esther Baker, Frank Durham, Gosia Clore, Pam Michaud, Ben Sandell, Ginalie Swaim MEMBERS ABSENT: Kate Corcoran, Andrew Litton, Frank Wagner STAFF PRESENT: Jessica Bristow, Bob Miklo OTHERS PRESENT: Alicia Trimble RECOMMENDATIONS TO COUNCIL: (become effective only after separate Council action) CALL TO ORDER: Chairperson Swaim called the meeting to order at 5:30 p.m. PUBLIC DISCUSSION OF ANYTHING NOT ON THE AGENDA: There was none. CERTIFICATES OF APPROPRIATENESS 328 Brown Street. Bristow stated that this is a key, contributing property in the Brown Street Historic District. She said the application is for solar panels on the roof of the carriage house in the back. Bristow said the owners would like to put a series of four panels on the north/south wing and five panels on the east/west wing. Bristow said this is a standing seam roof, and the clips they want to use are the best possible option. She said the clips can be removed, and they won't damage the roof; they attach just to the seams themselves, and they hold the panels just inches above the roof. Bristow said this is pretty much the perfect installation for allowing it to be removed and not impacting the roof in the future. She said staff recommends approval. MOTION: Ackerson moved to approve a Certificate of Appropriateness for the project at 328 Brown Street as presented in the application. Baker seconded the motion. The motion carried on a vote of 8-0 (Corcoran, Litton, and Wagner absent). 720 East Bloomington Street. Bristow said this small cottage is a contributing property in the Goosetown/Horace Mann Conservation District. She showed a slide of how the property has been added on to in the back. Bristow said there was an addition in the back, then another addition in 2005, and then the wood deck. Bristow said the applicant would like to remove the deck and replace it with a screened porch. She said this went through several iterations, including an enclosed area, but now the proposal is for a screened porch. HISTORIC PRESERVATION COMMISSION August 13, 2015 Page 2 of 10 Bristow said they are working on having square post columns that would be wrapped in cedar She said that the roof, instead of continuing the back gable that one sees, would continue the same angle and pitch but would end with a hip instead, to reduce the scale of the back of the building. Bristow said it would be a simple screen system, with no wall in between the posts. Bristow said there are a few things to still be determined. She said staff is a little unclear as to whether this would be just a simple screened porch with a pier foundation or if it would have a full foundation. Bristow said staff also does not know what screen system the applicant is thinking of using. She said staff talked to the applicant about using something that spans either in between the post columns or would be set behind the columns. Bristow said staff recommends approving this, because it will be a very simple design. She said the soffit will be finished in a simple way as is the soffit on the house. Bristow said the posts will be painted to match the house. Bristow said that staff feels the screen system and the type of foundation should be approved by staff and chair once they are determined. MOTION: Baker moved to approve a certificate of appropriateness for the project at 720 East Bloomington Street as presented in the staff report with the following conditions: submitting screen system information and/or a sample for staff and chair approval and submitting a foundation design for staff and chair approval. Clore seconded the motion. The motion carried on a vote of 8-0 (Corcoran. Litton. and Waaner absent). 721 Fairchild Street Bristow said this is a non-contributing property, built in 1953, in the Goosetown/Horace Mann District. She said the applicant would like to remove the three ganged windows on the front and build out a bay window that would still have three windows in the front and two windows on the angled sides. Bristow said there would be a full foundation, and it would not be continued out past the fascia board on the roof so that it would come out to about where the gutter is. Bristow said that many ranch homes would have bay windows. She said the big question for staff during the review was the window type. Bristow said the house has double hung windows on both sides, fixed windows on the front, and two sliders. She said the three on the front are probably original, and the original style of the others is not known. Bristow said the owner would like to have the three windows on the front of the bay as fixed and something operable on the angles of the bay. She said the owner proposes to do double hung, which would match the other windows on the side. Bristow said staff felt that having casement windows here might work better for this property. She said that then there would not be a change to divided lights on the sides of the bay. Bristow said staff recommends approving this as a bay window alteration using casements instead of double hung windows but said staff does not feel strongly about it. Swaim said that if the windows are casements that wind out, that would be visible when opened. Bristow showed where she thought the hinge would be. She said she did not think they would open so far that they would collide with the door. Bristow said the owner prefers double hung HISTORIC PRESERVATION COMMISSION August 13, 2015 Page 3 of 10 windows. Swaim said she can see an argument for using double hung windows, as opposed to quite tall casement windows. MOTION: Agran moved to approve a certificate of appropriateness for the project at 721 Fairchild Street as presented in the application. Baker seconded the motion. The motion carried on a vote of 8-0 (Corcoran. Litton. and Waaner absent). 932 East Colleae Street Bristow said the Commission reviewed this property recently. She said the current application is for a cover for the rear apartment entry on the west side of the building. Bristow said it is for an entry that is sub -ground level. She said a great amount of water collects in there. Bristow showed the windows and said they are the only windows for the apartment. She said the owner needs both a roof and a way to continue to admit light there. Bristow said there are currently some questions about the property line. She said staff and the building officials have given the owner some direction about determining the property line, and that still needs to be resolved. Bristow said the architect's rendering is to do a simple lattice, wood frame structure with very simple horizontals, all stained dark to blend with the building, and use a translucent, clear - colored, corrugated roof material over that. She said this is on the back and is very low so that it will not be very visible from the street, even if the shrubs and other landscaping materials are gone. Bristow said staff feels that the simple lines would work with the building anyway. Bristow said staff feels this is an acceptable design and recommends approval. Sandell asked if any additional concrete would be placed. Bristow said the owner would remove the metal railing that is on the low concrete wall and would attach the wood frame to the top of the existing concrete wall and build the frame and structure from there. Bristow said that at the stair head, it does bump up a little bit. She said there needs to be enough clearance to meet code requirements going down the stairs. Bristow said it is handled very simply. Sandell asked if it is visible from the street. Bristow said it is not. She said the sidewalk itself is a little bit lower, and the site tends to curve up a little bit. Swaim asked about the black area on the drawing. Bristow said that right now it is a gravel area. Swaim asked if the runoff would be onto that surface. Bristow confirmed this. Michaud asked if the owner is replacing the retaining wall. Bristow said the owner is not doing anything to the actual wall. She said they are taking off the little roof and the railing and building a new roof on top of the retaining wall. Bristow said they would remove the ledger board and connect in to have a structure that would rest on the wall. MOTION: Baker moved to approve a certificate of appropriateness for the project at 932 East College Street as presented in the application with the following conditions: the attachment to the building is refined and approved by staff and chair, the product information for the roof material is approved by staff and chair, the scale and detail of the HISTORIC PRESERVATION COMMISSION August 13, 2015 Page 4 of 10 support structure is approved by staff and chair, and design for screen infill is approved by staff and chair. Ackerson seconded the motion. The motion carried on a vote of 8-0 (Corcoran. Litton. and Waaner absent). 229 South Summit Street. Bristow said this is a contributing property in the College Hill Conservation District on the corner of Burlington and Summit. She said the owner has applied to put in two through -wall air conditioners on the south wall and on the north wall of the property. Bristow stated that the guidelines do not really discuss through -wall air conditioning units. She said that new windows on street facing walls really are not allowed unless they are in the same rhythm and framed the same, which would not really relate to air conditioning units. Bristow said that staff feels there is not a way to make the air conditioning units work with the historic character of the building. She said staff recommends not placing them like this but using some other method. Bristow suggested that the applicant use window air conditioning units, probably not on the street facing side, that are maintained and removed in the off-season; install a central air system; or install something like the sorority at 223 South Dodge installed, where smaller units were placed on the ground outside, using about two-inch piping through the side wall. Bristow said staff has heard from the applicant, but nothing has really been resolved at this point. She said staff recommends denying the request to install through -wall air conditioning units on the north and south faces, both of which are very visible from the street. Swaim asked if the units shown represent a mock-up or are actually there now. Bristow said they were installed without a permit. She showed the north face from the sidewalk and the south face from the sidewalk on Burlington Street. Bristow stated that if the application were denied, the applicant would be required to remove the units, repair the wall to match the existing, and come up with an alternative. Durham asked about the system at 223 South Dodge. Bristow said that it is a mini -split system. She said that all of the units are about the size of an old-style square window fan. She said they just sit on the ground somewhere near so that they would not be up in the air and really visible. Bristow said that at 223 South Dodge, staff worked with the applicant to put the units on the back, although they were still visible from the street. She said it was discreet enough to not draw attention to the units. Bristow said she believes this house would have four units. She said the owner would have to speak with a mechanical contractor to get the sizing and make sure everything was correct, because some rigid piping is involved. Bristow said that at 223 South Dodge, the piping required a two-inch hole with piping run down the face to the unit. She said that staff would probably require that it be painted so that it did not draw attention. Miklo said another alternative would be space pak system installed in the attic. He said that is probably the least destructive, in terms of an historic property as not much of the system is visible from the exterior. HISTORIC PRESERVATION COMMISSION August 13, 2015 Page 5 of 10 Miklo said that the second alternative was the split system similar the one installed at 223 S. Dodge Street described by Bristow. Miklo said that the third option would be window units installed in the windows and removed seasonally. He said this not that desirable as the other space pak or split system, but is better than cutting into the walls of the building. He said that window units don't actually penetrate the walls of the building and they are not permanently installed. Michaud said she struggles with window air conditioners every year, taking them in and out. She said that Mark McCallum did a nice historic renovation at 113 South Johnson. Michaud said that McCallum had put in cold pak somehow and ended up adding window air conditioners, because people wanted more control. She said that either way it is problematic. Michaud said that a cold pak system really costs a lot, which might be irrelevant for the Commission's consideration, but if there were individual controls, that would be an additional amount, whether it is two zones or four zones. Michaud said she thinks this is not as bad as window air conditioners. She said she would not want to see pipes try to convolute around the exterior of that belt course, like the gutter is, because it flares out nicely. Michaud said that exterior pipes would draw attention to it and clutter up that corner just as much as the wall units. She said she does not think there is an elegant solution that is reasonable. Durham says that a mini -split system is a zoned system with separate sections and units Michaud responds that this means they can adjust the temperature and have a separate meter and things like that. Bristow said it is also not known, with something like a mini -split system, if the piping could effectively be run out the back. She said there are some window units in this house on the back already, which is where the guidelines allow them to be. Swaim said she does not think what the owner has done here is a good solution. She said it has quite an impact on the exterior. Trimble said she is with Friends of Historic Preservation. She said that when she was on the Commission and cases came before the Commission where someone did something without a permit, the Commission members were always told to look at it as if it had not yet occurred and would the Commission allow this to occur. Trimble said it is difficult after this has happened, but it is a fair way to look at it. She said that if this was done without a permit and without approval, the question is if this came before the Commission and had not happened yet, how would the Commission vote. Baker said she agrees with Trimble and would take it one step further and say that whenever something like this comes to the Commission, it is always unfortunate because money has been spent, and yes, the alternative is expensive. She said, however, it sets a precedent, if the Commission says yes to this, that anyone else who wants to do something like this will go ahead and do it without getting permission, because he'll say that these people did it. Baker said there have been other occasions where the Commission has asked people to take down, at great expense, things that they put up, such as vinyl siding or vinyl windows, because they put them up without Commission approval, and it is against the guidelines. She said the Commission needs to be consistent in applying those guidelines. HISTORIC PRESERVATION COMMISSION August 13, 2015 Page 6 of 10 Baker said there are probably exceptions, and the Commission has made some exceptions. She said, however, that in this kind of scenario, she is concerned that it would set a precedent for other landlords to say, "Let's just stick them in the wall, because these folks got away with it, and we can point to that and say well you approved it before so you can't say no to me now." Baker said she hopes the Commission will think about the future implication of this decision, beyond just this individual incident. She pointed out that Trimble said the Commission is supposed to make a judgment as if the change had not taken place. Michaud said she would throw in a couple of things about maintenance. She said the point is to preserve an historic building. Michaud said she has had tenants install window air conditioners without her presence. Michaud said there is leaking inside the walls, because it doesn't drip out or it drips down the exterior. She said it is really not simple to put those units in. Michaud said they would also create a shadow. Michaud said she can see the point and has heard it many times that the Commission is not supposed to think about right now. She said she agreed but said this is a less invasive thing and is better for the long-term preservation of the structure than having 12 different undergraduate install window air conditioners in 12 years to each unit. Michaud said that is her personal experience after 25 years with the same house. Michaud said that long-term maintenance is really important. She said this landlord is extremely conscientious. Michaud said she does not know too many landlords who bother putting a three - paint color scheme on their houses. Miklo said the property recently changed hands. Michaud said that is good to know. Miklo said that the owner should not be of concern. Michaud said that so far the house has been well - maintained. Agran said he is of the opinion that, in terms of the integrity of the structure, a split system would be a nicer system anyway, but that's a 2 inch hole in the side of the building and even if the pipe is there it could get painted but it is a pipe. The current units result in permanent holes in the side of the building and I have the same concerns about the precedent this sets. This happened to be cut into the building in a place that is not so bad but they are directly on the street side of the building. Agran said he agrees with basically everything staff has said. He said he also agrees with the concerns about the precedent this sets. Swaim said therefore the application is really to install, as if this was not already done, four through -wall units. Bristow responded that after this was brought to staffs attention and staff contacted the owner, the owner put in an application. She said staff reviewed the application and then contacted the owner about the concerns and other options. Bristow stated that by the time the staff report had to be provided for the agenda, staff had not heard back yet. She said staff could only write a motion based on the application itself, because no other option had been presented at that time. Bristow said staff has spoken to the owner since, but nothing has been resolved; it is still based on the application. She said that if the application is denied, she assumes staff would work with the owner to come up with a solution. HISTORIC PRESERVATION COMMISSION August 13, 2015 Page 7 of 10 MOTION: Agran moved to deny a certificate of appropriateness for the project at 229 South Summit Street as presented in the application. Baker seconded the motion. The motion to deny carried on a vote of 8-0 (Corcoran. Litton. and Wagner absent). REPORT ON CERTIFICATES ISSUED BY CHAIR AND STAFF: Certificate of No Material Effect — Chair and Staff Review. 530Iowa Avenue. Bristow said this is a contributing property in the College Hill Conservation District. She said the application was to reconstruct the concrete stairs at the entry. Bristow said the stairs were originally concrete, with side walls made of stone. She said they had been covered with plywood and leaked, rotted and deteriorated enough that they needed to be removed. Bristow said staff worked with the applicant to construct the concrete stairs. She said that since they could not match the stone, staff allowed a simple pipe rail on each side. Bristow said there was just plywood skirting on the face, and the skirting on the sides of the porch was also stone with small openings. She said the owner could not really replace the front to match the same stone, so staff worked with them to use either a framed lattice or a vertical lattice skirting. Bristow said the owner is also replacing the concrete stairs at the side entrance. Minor Review — PreaDDroved Item — Staff Review. 11-15 North Dodae Street Bristow said this is not a contributing property because of the 1960s circa addition that was added to connect to houses. She said the building is being re -sided, and staff worked with the owner to find siding and trim to match the existing. Bristow said staff worked with the owner to do things like remove the inappropriate piece of porch infill and continue the rail the same. Bristow said the big problem was what to do with the bottom of the wall that meets the pavement where the window sills down low are rotting. She said they are doing something that looks like a water table board at the bottom, with some trim. Bristow said there is a small piece at the side of the porch on both porches. She said staff worked with the owner to create a pattern, as seen on the columns, to infill so that there is not an odd piece of lap siding in that area. Bristow said it will finish it out to blend in better. Bristow said the porches have bead board ceilings, and currently the soffit is plain plywood. She said staff is having the owner replace it with the bead board -detailed plywood so that it matches the porch ceiling better. Bristow said the owner is not changing the window. 603 Rundell Street. Bristow said this house is in the Longfellow Historic District. She said this is an extremely simple project, basically just adding a flat deck out the rear door, with no railing. Bristow said it will be very close to the ground and will be inset. HISTORIC PRESERVATION COMMISSION August 13, 2015 Page 8 of 10 REPORT ON SABIN SCHOOL/SOUTHSIDE SURVEY: Miklo said the report was not received in time, so the item will need to be deferred to the September meeting. DISCUSSION OF HISTORIC PRESERVATION PLAN PRIORITIES AND ANNUAL WORK PROGRAM: Swaim said the subcommittee met to review the properties the Commission will be approaching the owners about nominating these properties as landmarks. She asked for discussion about how the owners should be approached. Swaim said the owners would be approached either through a letter with a type of fact sheet with questions and answers and a sheet that has basic information about the house, or, in some cases the owner may be approached with a phone call. Swaim said that these would be followed up with a personal meeting and such. Miklo asked Commission members to look through the list of property owners and let staff know if anyone is known to them. He said that some of the owners are institutions, such as churches. CONSIDERATION OF MINUTES FOR JULY 9, 2015: MOTION: Baker moved to approve the minutes of the Historic Preservation Commission's July 9, 2015 meeting, as written. Ackerson seconded the minutes. The motion carried on a vote of 8-0 (Corcoran, Litton, and Wagner absent). COMMISSION INFORMATION AND DISCUSSION: Discussion of potential CLG application. Bristow said there was information about Certified Local Government (CLG) grant applications, and the Commission was going to discuss whether there were some possibilities. She said that after looking at the CLG requirements, it might be something the Commission would want to table until next year. Bristow said the applications would involve funding for surveying of areas or nominating properties. She stated that staff does not have time, between now and the time that the application is due, to do anything with the properties that are part of the work program. Bristow said the Commission had discussed the idea of digitizing the files and information for historic preservation staff. She said that would not appropriately fit under the CLG application. Miklo said the CLG is a program of the federal government to encourage historic preservation. He said the funds are distributed by the State Preservation Office in Des Moines. Trimble asked, if Friends of Historic Preservation was able to work on an application for the City to submit, if it would be appropriate. Miklo responded that the applications are due September 1 and have to be submitted by the City but said that would be appropriate. Introduction of Historic Preservation Facebook Page. Bristow said the Commission had discussed having an historic preservation page. She said it has been laid out but has not yet been published. Bristow showed how the main page would HISTORIC PRESERVATION COMMISSION August 13, 2015 Page 9 of 10 look and how the images can be changed out on a timed basis. She discussed the tabs on the Facebook page. Bristow said she will be the main administrator of the page. Swaim asked if it will be clear that this is the Facebook page of the Commission. Bristow said that right now the page is called Iowa City Historic Preservation, but the title can change to whatever the Commission wants. Michaud said she thought that was kind of broad. Bristow said that Friends of Historic Preservation has its own Facebook page. She said she left out the word Commission so that it would seem warmer and friendlier. Agran said he thinks it is great. He said that hopefully it will grow and catch on. The consensus of the Commission was to have Bristow publish the page and announce it to people who would be interested. H:7_1►1rTiTNZ6]IIKOLTA I�Lto] ►11WN1:]411a=1►W0 Bristow said staff received some renderings for the fence. She said that some Commission members had concerns about its location in relation to the hill. Bristow said the drawings show it stepping down a little bit in some places. Bristow said that further details of what is being proposed were sent, in terms of the pickets, the steel posts, and the fence color. She said there will be a metal lattice on the gate. Bristow said the posts will be four feet six inches, the pickets will be four feet, and the railing horizontals are 20 inches apart. She said that they are three and one-half inches off the ground in general terms. Bristow said she received a new site plan but had not looked at it closely. Michaud asked if it would be a minimal type of gate or a special design. Bristow said that what is being shown now is the temporary design that was shown last time, with a square, very simple pattern. Sanell asked about the limestone wall and markers and if that was new. Bristow replied that she thinks that is a matter of taking last fall's plan, with large limestone piers on each side of the gate, and moving the limestone down to little markers and a little wall around the landscaped area. Miklo discussed the metal -shingled roof on 932 College Street as something the Commission approved, which turned out well. He said that the roof required review even before the recent code change because it is a multi -family dwelling. Miklo said that it shows that for someone who wants to put on a metal roof and wants that durability, there are materials out there that meet the guidelines. ADJOURNMENT: The meeting was adjourned at 6:38 p.m. Minutes submitted by Anne Schulte HISTORIC PRESERVATION COMMISSION ATTENDANCE RECORD 2014-2015 NAME TERM EXP. 8114 9111 1019 11113 12111 118 2/12 3/12 4/9 5/14 6/11 7/9 8/13 ACKERSON, KENT 3/29/16 X X X X X X X X X X X X X AGRAN, THOMAS 3/29/17 O/E X X O/E X X X O/E X X X X X BAKER, ESTHER 3/29/18 X X X O/E X X O/E X X X X X X CLORE, GOSIA 3/29/17 O/E X X X O/E X X X X O/E O/E O/E X CORCORAN, KATE 3/29/16 O/E X X X X X X X X X X X O/E DURHAM, FRANK 3/29/16 O/E X X X X X O/E X O/E O/E X X X LITTON, ANDREW 3/29/17 X X X X X O/E X X X X X X O/E MICHAUD, PAM 3/29/18 X X X X X X X X X X O/E X X SANDELL, BEN 3/29/17 X X X X X X X X X X O/E X X SWAIM, GINALIE 3/29/18 X O/E O/E X X X X X X X X X X WAGNER, FRANK 3/29/18 O/E X O/E X O/E O/E O/E X X O/E X O/E O/E KEY: X = Present O = Absent O/E = Absent/Excused --- = Not a Member On September Zzth,join the 2Vlount rPfeasant Wistoric Preservation Commission, along with speaker Rebecca McCarley for an in-depth seminar: NUTS AND BOLTS OF HISTORIC PRESERVATION and THE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES 2 o am Iowa Wesleyan University, InternationaCRoom, Chadwick f-ibrary reverse for chedue 107 West Broad Street 1 Mount Pleasant, 9% ,5,2641 Scheduk: 10:00 — 12:00: NUTS AND BOLTS OF HISTORIC PRESERVATION AN OVRVIEW OF HISTORIC PRESERVATION, SURVEY PROJECTS, NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES NOMINATIONS/LISTINGS, HISTORIC TAX CREDITS, AND HISTORIC GRANTS. 12:00: LUNCH BREAK LUNCH INCLUDED IN REGISTRATION FEE 1:00 - 4:00: WORKSHOP ON RESEARCHING AND NOMINATING HISTORIC PROPERTIES AN IN-DEPTH SESSION ON RESEARCHING A HISTORIC PROPERTY, COMPLETING AN IOWA SITE INVENTORY FORM, AND THE NRHP NOMINATION FORM/PROCESS Who ShouCd Axtend ANYONE INTERESTED IN LEARNING MORE ABOUT HISTORIC PRESERVATION, HISTORIC TAX CREDIT AND GRANT PROGRAMS, RESEARCHING A HISTORIC PROPERTY, AND THE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES. PROPERTY OWNERS WHO HAVE WONDERED WHAT 1S INVOLVED IN LISTING A PROPERTY ON THE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES ARE PARTICULARLY INVITED TO ATTEND; YOU WILL LEAVE THE WORKSHOP WITH INFORMATION NEEDED TO BEGIN RESEARCHING AND WRITING A NOMINATION. Distinguished Presenter: REBECCA LAWIN MCCARLEY, SPARK ONSULTING, DAVENPORT, WWW.00TASPARK.COM. SPARK CONSULTING OFFERS A RANGE OF SERVICES TO PROMOTE THE REHABILITATION, RESTORATION, PRESERVATION, AND INTERPRETATION OF HISTORIC BUILDINGS. REBECCA MCCARLEY HAS BEEN THE CONSULTANT FOR A NUMBER OF NATIONAL REGISTER NOMINATIONS AND SURVEY PROJECTS IN HENRY COUNTY OVER THE LAST 10 YEARS, INCLUDING THE NOMINATION OF THE SECOND BAPTIST CHURCH WHICH WAS LISTED ON THE NRHP IN NOVEMBER2014. PRESENTED BY THE MOUNT PLEASANT HISTORIC PRESERVATION COMMISSION FOR MORE INFORMATION, CONTACT LEA BRADLEY 319-931-0671 ■ ■ ■ ■ G ■ ■ register 6� Septern6er 5, 2015 500 WEST MONROE I MT. PLEASANT, IA 52641 REGISTRATION FEE: $35.00 CHECKS PAYABLE TO: MT. PLEASANT HISTORIC PRESERVATION COMMISSION NAME PHON ADDRESS: EMAIL: