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HomeMy WebLinkAbout1987-01-27 Info Packet/5S COUNCIL BUDGET DISCUSSIONS Policy Issues — FY88 i - Fire Department ladder truck ($450,000) t- attached memo from Fire Chief - Audio system for Council Chambers ($7,500) - Use of special purpose rescue funds for operational purposes - require repayment of funds - 5 year schedule - to be used only in FY88 - Discussion of new revenue sources as identified in the Citizen's Summary - Discussion of Citizens' Committee to study City revenues - committee members r - direction to the Committee a - timetable Transit Budget - increase in fares (attachments) - discussion ( - Project Hard rimes s - Aid to Agencies - attached memo from Director of Finance - future policy direction - Increase in landfill charge from $7.75 to $8.00 per ton - Increase in residential refuse collection fee from $4.30 to $4.50 `. per month i - Tree replacement/new installation ±' - 50/50 policy proposal Human Service Coordinator funding j! - one-half CDBG and one-half General Fund - contrary to CCN recommendation - Hotel/Motel Tax I use of funds for operational expense (pools) /5S City of Iowa City MEMORANDUM TO: Steve Atkins, City Manager, p FROM: Larry Donner, Fire Chief (- DATE: January 21, 1987 RE: Reserve Aerial Ladder Coralville's Fire Chief and I have discussed the idea of selling our 1971 Ladder Truck to Coralville when Iowa City buys its new truck. While Chief Kinsinger is not interested in purchasing our ladder truck, there is potential for cooperation in this area. Coralville is planning to order a new ladder truck some time next year. When they receive delivery of their unit Coralville can provide backup service for Iowa City. We would of course provide the same service to Coralville. There are benefits to both cities in such an agreement. Iowa City can sell its reserve ladder and deposit the proceeds into an equipment replacement fund. Coralville will gain a backup without purchasing additional equipment. In both cases, the Cities will have a first line piece of equipment as a reserve ladder truck. Chief Kinsinger and I believe that an agreement of this type can easily be arranged under Chapter 28E of the Code of Iowa. Arrangements of this nature, while uncommon in Iowa, are widely used throughout the United States. Delivery time is running 12 to 18 months for ladder trucks. This will allow both Cities time to reach an agreement providing mutual backup for ladder truck service. If an agreement is worked out, Iowa City has the potential to gain not only the revenue from the sale of the 1971 truck, but it can avoid spending the money that will be required to upgrade this older unit. The overall savings to the City of Iowa City would be in the neighborhood of $100,000 to $150,000. I will pursue this matter if Council has any interest. cc: Chief Gary Kinsinger, Coralville Fire Department IOWA TRANSIT FARES Base Fares MasonCity ............................. 504 Sioux City ............................. 504 FortDodge ............................. 504 Marshalltown ........................... 504 Waterloo ............................... 754 Dubuque................................ 604 Bettendorf ............................. 504 Clinton ................................ 454 Davenport ..................... 4 Muscatine .............................. 504 Cedar Rapids ........................... 504 Coralville ............................. 504 Ames................................... 604 iDes Moines ............................. 604 Council Bluffs . ......................... 754 fOttumwa ................................ 504 Burlington........... f .................. 504 n 4 d; F F 1 !1 I I; V SUMMARY TRANSIT MANAGEMENT/EMPLOYEE PROPOSAL - Hourly midday service during interim periods (when University is not in session). - Combine North Dubuque and Manville Heights routes. - Reduce 7th Avenue route to hourly all day. - Combine evening routes (from 7 buses to 5 buses). - Eliminate Saturday evening service (new service from 6:00 A.M. to 7:00 P.M.). - If necessary, increase monthly pass from $16 to $17; increase Saturday fare from 404 to 504. I City of Iowa City MEMORANDUM Date: January 22, 1987 To: Stephen J. Atkins, City Manager From: Rosemary Vitosh, Director of Finance(bV"_t�,`)` Re: Additional Funding for Human Service Agencies The funding of Human Service Agencies at the current year's level (FY87) necessitates a readjustment of expenditures/revenues in the amount of $71,111 in the FY88 Proposed Budget. FY87 Total Aid to Agencies Budget $189,509 (Net of contingency amount) Aid to Agencies per Proposed FY88 Budget $118,398 Additional Funding Needed $_711111 The following is recommended to provide the additional funding: Reduction in budgeted expenditures: City Manager's Budget - Labor Law Consultation $ 3,000 Non -operational Budget - Data Processing Equipment 5,000 Library Budget - Library Materials 2,500 Risk Management - Reserve Balance 10,000 General Fund Contingency 12,500 Subtotal $ 33,000 Additional Revenues: Interest Income on Federal Revenue Sharing Monies 10,000 Additional Property Tax 28,111 Total $_71,111 The budget for Labor Law Consultation with Mr. Steve Rynecki can be re- duced bargainingthe units. that 0ata Datahe has and Library otiated tcapital outlayear contracts arewith two areas in which the level of funding was maintained from the past year. Since this was not the case throughout the budget, reductions in the two /SS r 2 areas are justified. It should be noted that slightly over $600,000 in capital outlay replacements requested by other departments were not ap- proved for inclusion in the proposed budget. The Tort Liability tax levy will be reduced by $10,000 with a correspond- ing increase in the General tax levy. This will result in a $10,000 reduction in the projected year-end balance for Risk Management. The contingency for General Fund expenditures in FY88 is proposed to be re- duced by $12,500. This will leave a total contingency of $107,500. The additional revenue comes from two sources. First, the proposed budget r did not include interest income in the Federal Revenue Sharing Fund in FY88. In actuality, the purchase of the fire truck will not occur until mid -year due to a lengthy delivery time on this type of equipment. The allocated Federal Revenue Sharing monies will continue to be invested until the truck is actually paid for and will thus result in interest income during that year. The second source, additional property tax revenue, results from an update of assessed valuation amounts for utility properties. These valuations are established annually by the State and the County just this week received this information which will allow them to complete the Taxable Valuation Reports. It should be noted that the total amount being provided for the agencies does not include a two percent contingency amount. If it is necessary to allocate any additional funds to the agencies during FY88, that amount can be taken from the contingency amount established for the entire General Fund. RV/sp t s=. 't 9 'n h c t `AY J, F z i /5S City of Iowa City MEMORANDUM Date: January 21, 1987 To: City Council nn From: Rosemary Vitosh, Director of Finance o( -S' zM &--) Re: Agencies Funding History fundingaamountnbyragency sinceoFY77. Priorrto FY77, datawas �rnotpaae shows vailable for a breakdown by agency and page 2 shows the total annual funding amount for all agencies from FY70 through FY76. Page 3 lists the first year of operation for each agency and the first year of Iowa City funding for each. Additional information is then provided on pages 4-7 regarding the funding histories for each individual agency. bj3/12 /sr -7 ■ CITY OF IOWA CITY RIO -TO -AGENCIES FUNDING FY77-FY87 0 FYI? FY78 FY79 FYBO FY81 FY82 FYB] FY81 FY85 FY86 AFMY0.000 TOTAL $125,059_ $153,554 $172.619 $192.176 $110,615 $118,294 $134,212 $151,433 $165,2915 $171,6911 $194,225 Mayor's Youth Employment Program 15,687 20,067 21,271 23,133 20,000 21,000 23,000 25,000 29,076 29.000 30,000 United Action for Youth 24,560 25,800 27,327 30,000 30,000 30,000 32,000 35,500 37,592 38,592 40,000 Big Brothers/Blg Sisters 7,570 11,220 11,893 13,763 15,500 17,000 18,100 19,910 21,901 24,091 29,300 Rape Victim Advocacy Program - . 5,000 6,081 9,515 9,515 8,013 8,154 8,969 10,628 9,905 10,350 Crisis Center -Intervention - . - - 3,000 5,000 5,000 6,000 6,600 7,220 8,281 8,460 8,796 Willow Creek Neighborhood Center - . . - S,ODO 5,615 4,800 5,800 6,900 7,570 9,023 9,400 10,250 Crisis Center Food Bank - . .. - • 2,500 2,500 3,090 7,130 7,843 8,627 8,902 9,340 Elderly Services Agency - . .. • . - . 20,000 22,581 23,828 25,850 27,159 27,836 28,671 Domestic Violence Project - . . • .. .. - - 4,750 7,500 8,250 10,420 12,000 13,200 NACAP _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1,000 2,000 2,000 2.277 2.600 American Red Cross - - - - - - . _ . _ _ _ _ 3,000 _ _ - - 1.000 Free Bus Ticket Program) _ 321 SBB 1,235 4,7162 MECCA -- •- -- _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .. . _ 10.000 Girls' Softball 1,200 1,200 1,200 1,284 1,100 • • • • • _ . Boys' Baseball 1,20D 1,200 1,200 1,284 1,100 • • • • • . . Babe Ruth Baseball - - 1,200 1,200 1,284 1,100 Friends of the Children's Museum - - - - 2,000 2,110 • • • • • .. 1 . . J.C. Regional Planning Comm. 62,067 62,067 65,891 75,195 • - Council on Aging 10,000 17,500 18,550. 13,463 - - Youth [lanes - . 8,000 8,000 8,000 . - J.C. Arts Council 300 300 Spirit That Moves Us 225 Explorer Scouts 2,000 Rape Prevention 6 Awareness 250 *Funded through Parks and Recreation ]Originally Project Hard Times 2lncludes $1,706 for tickets dispensed in FY86 but not expensed until FY87. 0 I 2 CITY OF IOWA CITY AID -TO -AGENCIES FUNDING PRIOR TO FY77 iBefore FY77, Aid -to -Agencies funding was entered as a ngyfordbudget yeas priorather than r to FY77 roken down s listed below: y agency. Total single A9deto Agencies tfund- $135,610 in FY76 (July 1, 1975 to June 30, 1976) (Cit of Iowa Cit Financial Report Fiscal Year Jul 1 1975 through June 0, 19 6, p, 3. $275,797 for the 18 month period from Januar as Iowa City changed from calendar y 1' to fiscal through June unt 1975, (City of Iowa Cit Financial Report to fiscal Eiwed June po t for the to Myer accounting. $109,460 in Calendar Year 1973 /rta.. _ "a 11, Annual Financial R En a ecem er $101,496 inCalendar Year 1972 (Cit of Iowa Cit A Ennual Financial Re i n a ecem er p.. - $92,147 in Calendar Year 1971 (CitY of Iowa City Operatin Budget 1973.) ppp $88,486 in Calendar Year 1970 (City of Iowa City Municipal Bud et 1912.) 1 /sr -f 111"ti 3 AGENCIES' FIRST YEAR OF OPERATION 1917 - American Red Cross, Johnson County Chapter 1964 - Johnson County Citizens' Committee on Alcoholism (now MECCA: Mid -Eastern Council on Chemical Abuse) 1965 - Johnson County Community Action Program (now HACAP) 1968 - Mayor's Youth Council (now Mayor's Youth Employment Program) 1970 - Iowa City Crisis Intervention Center - United Action for Youth Drop -In Center 1973 - Mark IV Drop -In Center (now Willow Creek Neighborhood Center) 1974 - Rape Crisis Line (now Rape Victim Advocacy Program) 1976 - PALS Program (now Big Brothers/Big Sisters of Johnson County) 1977 - Aid and Alternatives for Victims of Spouse Abuse (now Domestic vio- lence Project) 1980 - Elderly Services Agency AGENCIES' FIRST YEAR OF IOWA CITY FUNDING Calendar 1968 - Mayor's Youth Employment Program 1973 - United action for Youth Fiscal Year: FY76 - Big Brothers/Big Sisters of Johnson County FY78 - Rape Victim Advocacy Program FY79 - Iowa City Crisis Intervention Center - Willow Creek Neighborhood Center FY80 - Crisis Center Emergency Assistance and Food Bank FY81 - Elderly Services Agency FY82 - Domestic Violence Project FY83 - HACAP (Hawkeye Area Community Action Program) FY84 - American Red Cross, Johnson County Chapter (funded for one year only; funding resumed in FY87) FY87 - MECCA (Mid -Eastern Council on Chemical Abuse) III AGENCY FUNDING HISTORIES American Red Cross Johnson County Chapter First year of operation -- 1917 First year of Iowa City Aid -to -Agencies funding -- FY84 The Johnson County Chapter of the American Red Cross supported its activities through its own fund raising efforts from its founding until the late 1950's when it became a United Way agency. When United Way funding proved inadequate to support the Chapter's expanded peogsa ing, anow dditionalmes from ces fundinns were ssought, The Cha and nesses, and support from the City of Coralville, JohnsonsCountyuand United Way. The City of Iowa City provided Red Cross with a one-time $3,000 ccome nfrom in F speciatl revents,fsudchn uniasntheBChap Other s sources Swim -A -Cross, and from foundation grants sought for special projects. fI. Big Brothers/Bio Sisters of Johnson County First year of operation -- 1976 as the PALS Program. First year of Iowa City Aid -to -Agencies funding -- FY76. Two separate programs, a "Big Sisters" program sponsored by the Johnson County Extension Service of Iowa State University, and the programin onsored ihe local through te partment of ScalServeOpsts Club eawere to babndoned Program hadbeenthroughiattwo--year grantdwhichfor expired Bo 19j6terlt is unclear why the Optimists and DSS were discontinuing the volun- teer -run "Uncles" roved a program. In January 1976, the Iowa City City the nnewly -fo -formed PALS �program,tcrea ed to eto fi l It t i ev co coordinator for the discontinuation of both the "Big Sisters" and "Uncles" programs. Crisis Intervention Center First year of operation -- 1970. First year of Iowa City Aid -to -Agencies funding -- FY79. Early funding for the Crisis Center was through local churches, the University of Iowa Student Senate, Johnson County Board of Supervi- sors, and the United Way. In FY791 when its funding sources proved fundingafromoseveralisources, and Programs, funding from Centerrequested citytof the budget and forfrom the Transient Program asesepaThe atedfollowing thatrforYthe Crisis Center. The City began funding the Transient program, now know as the Food Bank and Emergency Assistance program of the Crisis Center, in FY80, /J o I'.1 5 IV. Domestic Violence Project First year of operation -- 1977 as Aid and Alternatives for Victims of Spouse Abuse. First year of Iowa City Aid -to -Agencies funding -- FY82. In 1977 the newly -formed Aid and Alternatives for Victims of Spouse Abuse was awarded a two-year CETA grant to hire a director. In November 1979, the agency received CDBG funding to purchase its shelter. Also in the fall of 1979, the United Way provided a start-up grant. In July 1980 the agency began receiving State De- partment of Human Services funding. The Domestic Violence Project turned to the City for funding when the Domestic Violence Prevention and Services Act, legislation to provide federal funding for domestic violence shelters, was withdrawn in the U.S. Senate in late 1980. V. Elderly Services Agency First year of operation -- 1980. First year of Iowa City Aid -to -Agencies funding -- FY81. Elderly Services Agency, the successor agency to the Johnson County Council on Aging which was terminated in 1980, received City funding from its first year of existence. V1. HACAP - Hawkeye Area Community Action Program First year of operation -- 1965 as Johnson County Community Action Program. First year of Iowa City Aid -to -Agencies funding -- FY83. HACAP was almost totally federally funded until September 1981, when its core funding for administration and neighborhood centers was cut by more than 45%. At that time, HACAP began requesting funding assistance from counties and cities where HACAP facilities were located, and increased funding requests from United Way. City of Iowa City funding initially supported HACAP's Iowa City Neighborhood Center and is now used for HACAP's Iowa City Head Start Program. Mayor's Youth Employment Program First year of operation -- 1968 as Mayor's Youth Council. First year of Iowa City Aid -to -Agencies funding -- 1968. The Mayor's Youth Employment Program was originally a City department with principal funding from the Governor's Youth Opportunity Commis- sion (now called the Iowa Youth Corps). The I.Y.C. provides a series of state matching grants to localities; these grants fund approxi- mately 70% of the Mayor's Youth Employment Program's entire Sumner Component and 70% of enrollee wages and fringe benefits for the In -School Component. /sor VIII. MECCA - Mid -Eastern Council on Chemical Abuse First year of operation -- 1964 as the Johnson County Citizens' Committee on Alcoholism. First year of Iowa City Aid -to -Agencies funding -- FY87. MECCA has evolved from its origin as a community resource dealing with problems related to alcoholism into a comprehensive substance abuse treatment agency. MECCA's services now include an outpatient program, residential and half -way house services, and a non-medical detoxification and mental health crisis stabilization unit. During its existence, MECCA has received federal, state, county and city funding in various proportions reflecting the changing commitments of each funder to dealing with problems of substance abuse. In the 1980's, MECCA turned to Iowa City with funding requests in order to meet a significant increase in the demand for its services. Iowa City provided $57,930 in CDBG funding for the new MECCA facility during 1985 and 1986, and began funding for MECCA's operations in FY87. IX. Rape Victim Advocacy Program First year of operation -- 1974 as the Rape Crisis Line. First year of Iowa City Aid -to -Agencies funding -- FY78. The Rape Victim Advocacy Program was originally funded by the Univer- sity of Iowa Student Senate for telephone, office supplies and pub- licity. The University's Central Administration provided a part-time salary for the Women's Resource and Action Center Coordinator who supervised RVAP as one of many responsibilities. In July 1975, the Johnson County Board of Supervisors funded a work-study position for a Rape Crisis Line Coordinator, and in the spring of 1976, Johnson County allocated a lump sum of $5,000 to subsidize the Coordinator's salary for a six-month period from October 1976 to March 1977. RVAP received Iowa City funding in FY78 to continue the Coordinator's position; this support is matched by Johnson County. X. United Action for Youth First year of operation -- 1970. First year of Iowa City Aid -to -Agencies funding -- 1973. Citizen donations provided United Action for Youth's initial funding and facility. Beginning in 1971, UAY received Law Enforcement Assis- tance Commission (LEAC) grants (now LEAA grants). These grants were matched by the Iowa City Community School District, and UAY began administering an alternative school the following year. Also in 1972, UAY was admitted to the United Way. UAY first received City funding to begin its Outreach Program. AS F 7 XI. Willow Creek Neighborhood Center First year of operation -- 1973 as the Mark IV Drop-in Center. First year of Iowa City Aid -to -Agencies funding -- FY79. The Mark IV drop-in center began with an apartment and telephone donated by Mark IV management. A federal mental health grant in 1973 allowed University of Iowa student volunteers to be paid with work-study money through the School of Social Work. From 1975 to 1976 City Recreation Department employees and Mayor's Youth students were utilized at Willow Creek's recreation program, and some modest client fees were initiated. In 1974, the University of Iowa School of Social Work set up a three-year demonstration project which cre- ated many of Willow Creek's current programs. This demonstration project was included in a two-year federal grant received by the School of Social Work. At the end of the three years, Willow Creek received United Way funding and some additional grants, but was forced to approach the City for funding to ensure continuation of the agency's many programs. al Parks & recreatio-n department MEMO to: City Council and City Manager from. Dennis E. Showalter Resolution --25% of Hotel/Motel re: Tax Revenue for Recreation Facilities date . February 17, 1984 There will be a resolution on the February 28 council meeting agenda regarding setting aside 25% of the hotel/motel tax revenue for recreation facilities. The Code of Iowa, Section 422A.2 (4a.) states: Each county 1 or city which levies the tax shall spend at least fifty per cent of the revenues derived therefrom for the acquisition of sitesfor, or construet- grecreation, convention, cultural' oreentertainmentafacilitiesa intaining ofincludinq but not limited to memorial buildings, halls and monuments, civic center 1 convention buildings, auditoriums, coliseums, and parking areas or facil- ities located at those recreation, convention, cultural, or entertainment facilities or the payment of principal and interest when due, on bonds or other evidence of indebtedness issued by the county or city for those recreation, convention, cultural, or entertainment facilities; or for the promotion and encouragement of tourist and convention business in the city or county and surrounding areas. that she haAt the informal council meeting of October 11, 1982, "The Mayor reported bein more specifictconcerning alked to oCounchn il's�allocation Chamber fof reeceiptsrfromdinq the proposed i hotel/motel tax. As foot patrol benefits only the downtown, Council decided to earmark 50% for police protection, and of the restricted amount, i 25; for the Convention Bureau and 25% for recreation needs (with a swimming op o hav ng a h g or or tv On page 3 of the council activities minutes of October 26, 1982, "Mayor Neuhauser 2nd ballot. xpShenexplainedthe thatt25%mofethetax taxwill wouldpberusedtforhe liavconven- tion and tourist bureau; 25% for a high Possibly a swimming Pool; and the remaining yngo50%for cadditionalreationoPolice protection." The Parks and Recreation Commission has stated a strong preference that 25% of the hotel/motel tax revenue be set aside in a fund to replace the City Park Pool. DES/dh city of iowa city S RESOLUTION MD. 84-45 RESOLUTION ESTABLISHING POLICY FOR USE OF FUNDS DERIVED FROM HOTEL -MOTEL TA 3. as at November 2, 1982, the voters epofrlowaAof Citythe aPDrovedothe�impositin electof ion on percent (53) tax upon gross receipts for rental of hotel and motel rooms in the City; and WHEREAS, Code Section 422A.2 places certain limitations on the use of fifty percent (503) of the funds derived from the hotel -motel tax; and WHEREAS, the Council has informally allocated the proceeds from such tax, but has not formally made such allocation; and WHEREAS, the Council wishes to formally establish a policy for use of proceeds derived from the hotel -motel tax. NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED BY THE CITY COUNCIL OF IOWA CITY, IOWA: That amounts received by the City from the hotel -motel tex shall be allocated as follows: a. Fifty percent (503) shall be allocated to police protection. b. Twenty-five percent (253) shall be allocated to the Convention Bureau of the Iowa City Chamber of Commerce for the promotion and encouragement and convention business in the City, of tourists C. Ten percent (103) shall be allocated for parkland acquisition. d. Fifteen percent (153) shall be allocated for the constructing, improving, enlarging or equipping of parks and recreational facilities. It was moved by Dickson and seconded b the Resolution beta opEe , an upon ro 1 call there wereT AYES: NAYS: ABSENT: AmbriBaker co Baker Dickson �j:M Erdahl '$— McDonald �(-- Strait tuber Passed and approved this 28th day of Febtvary —�,-_,_, 1984. ATTEST: Ll Fi CLE Rao.h�.+ A Aromvad Dy T: „ t •�1 /SJ Increase in Transit Fares to 759 Impact of Hi her Fare -I 1. A base fare increase would affect all users of the transit system. The service reductions that are proposed in the FY88 Budget are overwhelm- ingly directed at off-peak use. The rush hour transit user is the "bread and butter" of the City transit system and the increase in the fare would adversely affect those users. 2. Merchants may be reluctant to participate in a full fare bus and shop program. The program now generates slightly less than $20,000 per year at a full 50t fare. A dramatic increase is likely to reduce participati- on. 3. While the City had at one time used a three coin fare, exact change is g preferable. This is a judgment on the part of the staff and cannot be ?: substantiated by any evidence. t 4 4. The downtown change machine is filled once a day by transit staff now G provides for four quarters for a dollar change. If we were to provide for any other type of fare (609), the time devoted to service of the r machine would be increased. S A 5. Any -increase in fare would be inconsistent with the Coralville Transit r fare. 6. It is likely that the bus system could become even less competitive with current parking system. Two persons in an automobile driving downtown and parking would pay a $2.40 parking rate for eight hours. The same two people can ride to town and back on the bus for $2.00. An increase to 759 would raise that to $3.00. Again this is not a scientific analysis, but representative what was felt to be the undesirability of increasing rates. 7. The staff discussed with the Waterloo and Davenport transit systems their experience with a 759 fare. Waterloo indicated that their ridership was down significantly and the revenue remained unchanged at the new fare. Davenport indicated that their revenue rose by 2% and ridership declined by 24% and indicated that the City Council would be discussing returning to the 509 fare. 8. The transit management staff felt strongly that the preferable alterna- tive was service cuts before any substantial fare increase program. 9. The transit management staff was concerned about any program that. would cause declining ridership. Ridershipis a c which determines the money that the City rceives from the Stateart of e o ndlaFederal government. i 10. The transit management staff felt that the increase in revenue may be negligible at best and could likely have an overall adverse effect on the system. Y' - City of Iowa City MEMORANDUM Date: January 19, 1967 To: Chairs, City Boards and Commissions From: City Manager Re: Budget Review Session The City Council has scheduled for Monday, January 26 at approximately 7:30 PM in the Civic Center Council Chambers, a meeting whereby Boards and Commissions that are involved in City budgeting process may appear to present to the Council their opinions, issues, and concerns with respect to budgetary proposals. By now each member of a board or commission should have received a copy of the Citizen's Summary. It is not necessary that you or your members appear but the Council wishes to afford you an opportunity to discuss with them any budget issues that you feel are appropriate. Any written and/or other information that you feel appropriate should be brought with you at that time. cc: City Council Assistant City Manager Director of Finance News Media tp5/9 /S6 City of Iowa City MEMORANDUM DATE: January 21, 1967 TO: City Council FROM: City Manager r j RE: Transit E Susan Horowitz dropped off the attached and asked that I distribute. The underlining is mine. s 9 1 ((£5� 1' 1 i.i 1. •portation Research Record 1078 RECEIVEp„A,� ,q ,deral Operating Assistance for Urban Mass 1987 Transit: Assessing a Decade of Experience IIU.V IL PICHRGLL ABSTRACT Reviewed are developments in the U.S. urban transit industry during the period _ of federal government operating assistance (1975 to 1984). The financial and operating performance of the nation's transit Industry during this period Ss a fav compared with that during the prior decade (1965 to 1974), when only local and �! I; state governments provided operating assistance. In addition, are reported of how the $7.6 billion in federal operating assistance disbursed during this period has been utilized by U.S. transit Operators. Case studies of transit operators serving 13 urban areas in the United States are also used to �., explore variation in transit system operating and financial performance during the period of the federal assistance program. Drawing on the findings from these + analyses, the paper concludes with an evaluation of the program's continued )� desirability as a major element of federal urban trans specific proposals for its reform are introduced. p°r to tion policy, and two For more than two decades, local government agencie across the United States have offered direct fi- nancial assistance to transit operators serving their citizens, and some he ,obsidian for considerably Iva offered lean visible . Most states also assist public transit operators indirectly (by exempting them from certain taxes and fees), and several adopted direct subsidy programs beginning as early as 1970. Between 1965 --when total fare revenues collected by all U.S. urban transit operators first failed to cover their aggregate operating expenses-- and 1975, State and local governments throughout the nation provided nearly Sl billion to underwrite transit operators' escalating deficits (1). The rapid growth of government assistance during this period was accompanied by widespread takeover of transit system assets and operations by local government agencies, thus, by the time the federal government first offered operating assistance in 1975, cities and public authorities already owned and operated 85 Percent of all urban transit vehicles and service in the United States, and carried 90 percent of the nations's transit passengers (1). Compared with local and state men t, c era government lnvolve- [o c an [ansat operat ng aesia- tance more recen more r e , an ea a wa 9 ten me era of Congress origi- nal y a voeated federal operating assistance as an emergency measure erthat was necessary to support transit opators temporarily, while they invested In major capital improvements (which were already eligible for federal funding) designed to reduce operating cost, and bring increasing deficits under control. (See, for example, Senator Williams' state- ment reported by UMTA (3,p.I1-11).) Widespread pub- lic reaction to the 1973 Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) 011 embargo Swelled their ranks with new advocates of long-term federal In- volvement, who '$--fled that federal Subsidies to finance additional t[AnsIC service and lover fares Cenccr for Pransr rtetSon Studios, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Transportation Systems 1 Center, U.S. Department of Transportation, Cambridge, Mans. 0141, s would [educe energy consumption in urban transports - tion by attracting new transit riders from those currently commuting by automobiles. Unfortunately, this was based on a misleadingly simple comparison of energy consumption rates for singly occupied automobiles and heavily loaded transit vehicles in line -haul service, which dramatically overstated Potential energy savings from increased use of tran- sit under more realistic urban travel conditions (4). There vas also little evidence that local and state au a as a stemma the Sh 1(t [o automobile rave in a nation a ur an areas. wid Another rationale Eor federal involvement was the espread belief tsar ere IC 1 s reduced po tl n to declining rldershio so that e tits would nev tab y ncrease an t e absence of government subsidies to stabilize fares. Still an- other rationale was the widely assumed importance of transit service In maintalnlna the vlt 31t notion's downtown e C the Mottle statement n 1974( U.S. (Congress examp]joint n con- ference committee hearings, p,1.) There is an Im- plicit connotation that transit is an industry char- acterized by substantial fixed costs, in which declining levels of ridership Inevitably produce Increasing deficits. Nevertheless, the number of nationwide vehicle -miles of transit service was re- duced nearly 40 percent between 1950 and 1970 (5, P-58, Table 13). For a typical assertion of the importance of transit Service to urban areas, see the statement by Representative Rostenkowski (6, P.32787). Unfortunately, this view failed to recognize that the decline of U.S. central cities was fostered by many of the same forces that produced declining transit ridership, principally rifling pernonal Incomes and the tion of employment from central city to suburban caareas as production technologies and the composition of the nation's economic output changed. Despite their generally undocumented empirical validity, theca arguments proved to be pivotal ap- peals, Congress authorized operating assistance under the UMTA Section 5 program beginning In 19751 citing "...the need to provide public subsidies to cover operating deficits In order to proaerve adequate transit service at reanonable fares" Q,p,448). /457 Assistance payments increased rapidly under the new, program, but within 2 years both Congressional advocates and recipients of federal assistance were already decrying Its funding level as ..insuf- ficient to permit responsible federal participation" (9,p,15). Assistance payments had already reached nearly $600 million in 1977, but their efforts raised the level of subsidies to nearly $1.1 billion by 1980. Under intense pressure from the new adminis- tration, Section 5 grants were reduced to about $900 million by 1983, beginning the next year, operating assistance vas combined with formula capital grants under the newly created UMTA Section 9 program, with operating subsidies representing about $860 million Of the $2.4 billion in total assistance distributed during the first year of the new program (519-L3). Thus, as reported In Table 1, cumulative federal operating assistance payments through 1984 totaled more than E7.5 billion, equivalent to about $9.7 Table 2 give a comparison of changes in several im- billion In 1984 dollars after adjusting to reflect portant measures of transit industry performance for thereater purchasing power of earlier years' pay- two recent periods: (a) the years from 1965, when men total fare revenues first failed to cover Its aggre- gate operating expenses, to 1974, the year before federal assistance began, and (b) 1975 to 1984, the Period of federal participation. Changes In perfor- mance during the latter period are subdivided into those occurring while federal operating assistance under the UMTA Section 5 program was increasing (1975 to 1980), and the subsequent period (1980 to 1984) of decreasing federal support. Between 1965 and 1974, local government agencies in the nation's cities were the primary source of transit operating assistance (many of them actually took over ownership and operation of urban transit companies during this time), although several states began direct transit subsidy programs during this period, scat financial assistance was provided at the local level. Between 1975 and 1980, subsidy pay- ments by all levels of government increased extremely rapidly, but after 1900 assistance by state and local governments continued to increase rapidly while fed- eral Subsidies declined. AS indicated by the data in Table 2, changes In many measures of transit industry performance during these two periods were closely comparable, Including changes In two basic measures affecting transit labor costs: compensation and service produced per worker. Annual compensation per employee (which consists of wages plus the estimated value of employer-provided fringe benefits) increased 93 percent between 1965 and 1974s and by another 104 percent during the fed- eral assistance period, as the data in the table indicate. However, these increases are very different when expressed in constant dollars because of the major Inflationary shock dealt the U.S. economy by the OPEC oil price increase during the 1979 -to -1980 period. Real compensation levels received by transit workers even decreased from 1975 to 1980, although this oc- curred throughout the U.S. economy, and their rapid growth resumed during the 1980 -to -1984 period. Clearly, the pattern of generous nominal wage and fringe benefit increases established during the era of predominantly local subsidy of the nation's tran- sit industry continued throughout the era of federal participation, as did the Industry's historical de- cline in labor productivity. The major difference between the two periods appears to be that the con- tinuing gains in transit workers' compensation were temporarily offset by the rapid inflation that pre- vailed during the 1970 -to -1980 period. The data in Table 2 also Indicate that the per- cent Increases in actual expenses per vehicle -mile of transit service operated were almost identical for the periods 1965 to 1974 and 1975 to 1984. Again, rapid price inflation during the latter period meant Transportation Research Record 1078 The data in Table 1 indicate that combined state and local operating assistance continued to increase rapidly during the period of increasing federal In- volvement --amounting to more than $26 billion since 1995, more than three times the federal contribu- tlon--so there is no immediate suggestion that fed- eral participation displaced assistance by lower levels of government. Nevertheless, federal assis- tance has been substantial, and the debate over its future should include an assessment of how it has affected transit operators, as well As how effec- tively the program has accomplished Its original objectives. TRANSIT INDUSTRY PERFORMANCE BEFORE AND DURING FEDERAL ASSISTANCE TABLE I Gorermncni Operaling Anislmlce Payment, to U.S. Urban Transit Systema (1965-1984)(J..1.1)) Slam and Local 9,6 G ermaonlr Fedoml G.'.nmen: Aclual 1984 Mmol 1484 Dollars D91bn Year DalLrs O611m, (000,000) (000,000) (000,000) 1000,0001 1965 9,6 2911 - 1966 35.2 101.1 - - - 1967 63.2 174,6 - 1968 15:.0 413,4 - 190 208.0 535.0 - _- - 1970 :31.0 567,0 - - 1971 310.0 724,4 - 1912 33J,8 748,4 1973 $36.8 1,139.3 - 1974 1.048.6 2.043.6 1975 1,146.6 2,046.4 301.$ $38.1,1776 1.:94.5 ::03.6 4:: 4 117.1 1977 I.3V3.1 :,:3:.4 584,5 436.6 1978 1.610.9 :,402,4 6X4,5 1,0:8.5 1979 2,178.2 1490.5 853.9 1.175.0 1980 2,651.7 3.334.6 1.064.6 I.JJ9.D 1461 2;731.8 3,387,9 949.1 I,178: WS V 3.5:6.8 3.814.9 98..3 1983 , , ,6.5 887,: 9:4,5 1494 4,895.2 4.895.: 860.1 860,1 CMUIA�l MA, 1965.1984 29,1:9,6 38.$31.9 1,588,4 9,663.6 19754984 26,201.4 3:,044,9 7.588.4 9,663,6 It is difficult to establish whether escalating federal involvement displaced assistance that might otherwise have been provided by state or local governments during this period because the subsidy levels they would have offered in the absence of federal intervention cannot be reliably estimated. After adjusting for inflation, Combined state and local operating assistance increased by 260 percent between 1970 and 1975, almost exactly twice the per- centage growth in state and local assistance that occurred during the period of increased federal sub- sidies (1975 to 1984). However, this comparison does not necessarily suggest that federal participation displaced state and local Subsidy effort because tha dollar increase in inflation-adjusted state and local government operating assistance during the years coinciding with the UMTA Section 5 program (almost $2.7 billion when measured In 1984 dollars) was con- siderably larger than its growth from 1970 to 1975 (about $1.5 billion in 1984 dollars). /S / al Pickrell TABLE V- Tran,it InduAry 1'rrfoenatlre Under Clun;e,g Alil,es of Operaling .Wig[ Jere free, Local, Slat e. and Frdeml f:oaenenel,l that the real increase in unit operatingabout ousts during as the federal subsidy era was only large as that experienced during the previous decade; however, this difference ie also largely attributable to the wave of inflation caused by th1979-180 p ices lel e price shock. The increase in Pe eu creased transit operating xpenses as well, but it about was resnsible pereenLpoincreaseof the s in sexpenses per -tenth 32 vehicle -mile lof service between 1975 and 1984 that was reported in he ta in the table with Table return 2. rto [more ,mot that d st inflation rates sduring the eriod ofng deral nce 1984), real expensesi pe[fevehicle-mile aactuallys in - ere ... d n-creased considerably faster than gthe previous increased years when federal operating subsidies rapidly. The data in Table 2 indicate that the number o nsit See - passengers carried per d ring- [hes yearsOf , preceding vice declined sharply federal operating subsidies but actually lncrcased, subsidies increased rapidly t Because athehen historicalf decline in utilization was temporarily reversed, operating ex- penses per passenger carried by the nation's transit ,y,tam, increased much leas during the period of federal assistance than during the previous decade, particularly when measured in real terms for the 1975 -co -1980 period of rapid inflation. Again, how- ever, the more recent period of declining federal al assistance indicate, a return to increasing wths in operating expense, per passenger, _ vehicle opeimprovement ra in cost transitsumed and utilizationh proved t[o 9be ,hart -lived. Finally, the data in Table 2 indicate that aggre- gate transit service to the nation's cities .declined slocal takeover and sub - lowly during the decade Of vice lneroasedtmodoaelytransit during thedus periodbut ofthat federal see - involvement, The pattern of changes in fare levels thrghou overed by he table that Some tofhtic period rapid sincrease int suggests assistance levels was used to avoid raising fares to match the rapid pace of growth in operating expenses. Much of the temporary improvement in transit utilization during the 1975 -to -1980 period probably represents traveler,' response to the sharp decline in inflation-adjusted fares (and the parallel rise in gasoline prices), just as the 1965 -to -1974 and 1980 -to -1984 decreases in utilization no doubt OC - n the ve rutted y because e subsidies forfa[eboxfinancingsofi Substitution operating costs was eal fare i levels. Thus,o alrthough federalevent some subsidies ease in [ subsidies had little visible effect on the transit industry's operating cost performance, the increasing federal assistance levels of the 1975 -to -1980 period --in combination with similarly rapid grouch in state arld local operating subsidies --did temporarily e, revershighee the historical trends of declining service, real feces, and declining transit ridership; however, these developments proved both costly and Short' lived. WHAT HAS FEDERAL OPERATING ASSISTANCE ACCOMPLISHED7 Although there appears to be little evidence that federal operating assistance aggravated the histori- cal declines in transit operating and financial per- formance, their persistence throughout the period of federal nes involvement clearly advocates' originalits affec- goals of ex ss in promoting reducing fares, and of expanding riansitdership- Aga i, it is virtually impos- inereasing ridership. (Again, e been spent from, then ways in s inwhich subsidiesral s othergovernmentassis- tance has been used, and the following analysis does al not attempt to identify separate effects of assis- tance received from different levees ofgovernmfor ent-) Most important, rising p rovide se[vlceand heinputs pod ced rapid escalation used to in expenses for providing the same level of transit service that was operated before the federal program began. Expenses for labor and fuel together accounted for 84 percent of the operating expenses incurred t Table 2. Theran- se industry during 1987 (17, p.2-4, These higher expenses absofEed much of the expansion in transit operators' budgets that was made possible by federal assistance Payments, leaving lables r risings isingly little of their growing total new service or reduce fares. reductions In addition, the types of fi, fare ew service implemented dbyh usings the remaining wereassistance produced disappointingly small gains In transit ridership in many urban Groes. Table l gives specific estimates of how opera Clog assistance payments by all levels of government dur- ing the period of federal involvement were utilized matess were nati constructedon's urban [ by transitindustry. the increased expenditures by all U.B. transit operators between 1975 and 1984 that were financed by growing 9 =ant assistance along three categories, (a) increased -7 ChaePe During VViMl 19e5•I V;4 1'I; Sd 964 1945.1060 19601x64 Performance 8leamrc CumPunntion Per emPhSre 90 104 71 50 Actual du141s 54 14 -6 '4 0aao Adjuwed for lnn - 10 .7 _1I 5 Sen ie.' Pmdured Pa MPlayre Erpenw Pen ehicicmar1J5 11. 58 47 Actual Jolters 67 J0 11 17 AdluseJ for Innat=e 5 8 5 1 vehicloma,, of wn'it, Pmxnp, crtird PenxhWIVIG O 1 8 9 -1 of unite Etpmw Pet PawaPa 115 4b 48 Actual dolhts I'll 70 :p g 17 Adluned for =Onion Armare fam Paid cl 5520 =9 An A doll]n 70 -Il -15 0 Adjuncd for infhtion that the real increase in unit operatingabout ousts during as the federal subsidy era was only large as that experienced during the previous decade; however, this difference ie also largely attributable to the wave of inflation caused by th1979-180 p ices lel e price shock. The increase in Pe eu creased transit operating xpenses as well, but it about was resnsible pereenLpoincreaseof the s in sexpenses per -tenth 32 vehicle -mile lof service between 1975 and 1984 that was reported in he ta in the table with Table return 2. rto [more ,mot that d st inflation rates sduring the eriod ofng deral nce 1984), real expensesi pe[fevehicle-mile aactuallys in - ere ... d n-creased considerably faster than gthe previous increased years when federal operating subsidies rapidly. The data in Table 2 indicate that the number o nsit See - passengers carried per d ring- [hes yearsOf , preceding vice declined sharply federal operating subsidies but actually lncrcased, subsidies increased rapidly t Because athehen historicalf decline in utilization was temporarily reversed, operating ex- penses per passenger carried by the nation's transit ,y,tam, increased much leas during the period of federal assistance than during the previous decade, particularly when measured in real terms for the 1975 -co -1980 period of rapid inflation. Again, how- ever, the more recent period of declining federal al assistance indicate, a return to increasing wths in operating expense, per passenger, _ vehicle opeimprovement ra in cost transitsumed and utilizationh proved t[o 9be ,hart -lived. Finally, the data in Table 2 indicate that aggre- gate transit service to the nation's cities .declined slocal takeover and sub - lowly during the decade Of vice lneroasedtmodoaelytransit during thedus periodbut ofthat federal see - involvement, The pattern of changes in fare levels thrghou overed by he table that Some tofhtic period rapid sincrease int suggests assistance levels was used to avoid raising fares to match the rapid pace of growth in operating expenses. Much of the temporary improvement in transit utilization during the 1975 -to -1980 period probably represents traveler,' response to the sharp decline in inflation-adjusted fares (and the parallel rise in gasoline prices), just as the 1965 -to -1974 and 1980 -to -1984 decreases in utilization no doubt OC - n the ve rutted y because e subsidies forfa[eboxfinancingsofi Substitution operating costs was eal fare i levels. Thus,o alrthough federalevent some subsidies ease in [ subsidies had little visible effect on the transit industry's operating cost performance, the increasing federal assistance levels of the 1975 -to -1980 period --in combination with similarly rapid grouch in state arld local operating subsidies --did temporarily e, revershighee the historical trends of declining service, real feces, and declining transit ridership; however, these developments proved both costly and Short' lived. WHAT HAS FEDERAL OPERATING ASSISTANCE ACCOMPLISHED7 Although there appears to be little evidence that federal operating assistance aggravated the histori- cal declines in transit operating and financial per- formance, their persistence throughout the period of federal nes involvement clearly advocates' originalits affec- goals of ex ss in promoting reducing fares, and of expanding riansitdership- Aga i, it is virtually impos- inereasing ridership. (Again, e been spent from, then ways in s inwhich subsidiesral s othergovernmentassis- tance has been used, and the following analysis does al not attempt to identify separate effects of assis- tance received from different levees ofgovernmfor ent-) Most important, rising p rovide se[vlceand heinputs pod ced rapid escalation used to in expenses for providing the same level of transit service that was operated before the federal program began. Expenses for labor and fuel together accounted for 84 percent of the operating expenses incurred t Table 2. Theran- se industry during 1987 (17, p.2-4, These higher expenses absofEed much of the expansion in transit operators' budgets that was made possible by federal assistance Payments, leaving lables r risings isingly little of their growing total new service or reduce fares. reductions In addition, the types of fi, fare ew service implemented dbyh usings the remaining wereassistance produced disappointingly small gains In transit ridership in many urban Groes. Table l gives specific estimates of how opera Clog assistance payments by all levels of government dur- ing the period of federal involvement were utilized matess were nati constructedon's urban [ by transitindustry. the increased expenditures by all U.B. transit operators between 1975 and 1984 that were financed by growing 9 =ant assistance along three categories, (a) increased -7 _J TABLE 3 Sources and Uses of Increased Go,ermnent Opera Iin. Assistance Pa)mrnls Dining tire Period of Federal Pnnicipalion (1973.198If Cumuleive Tout. Percentof 1975-1964 1975-198 (billiensul Cumulaliv 1984 dolhrsl Total Snalfes Of In ere a 4:d .,,,,,ln6 anlslam,- Ftderalesistanac 9.7 46 -N1-v state and local assin,m, 11.6 54 Total spurns Uses of lntteasrd operating unnaac, 21.3 100 Ilirher costs far existing welce: La has upenses 6.6 JI 1 Encgy'cost, 1.5 Other ex p,nws 0.9 4 Total 9.0 4. } E,,Pmrs., for new service 5.5 t Repb[an lost rc revenusb 5.1 I6 26 Remaininr fol[mute exp,.Rs 1.7 Total. all uses 8 100 1 Intens in ridtrsAiP lbilllons of Inps) 4.9 9 �rumunure not.. u, ,., pmwg annp l+. p,menu anmrm,w tart[In 197., !i me rrw n,murmnu mm+�e, Ag,n. p bier or fire mm u, ran11bme4 n, pv.n4so. costs for operating the 11111 of service that existed before the federal assistance program, (b) expenses for operating new service added during the period of federal Involvement; and (c) outlays necessary to compensate for reduced farebox coverage of operating expenses, For a detailed description of the methods used to construct these Intimates, see Pickrell (16, pp,282-285). Increased costs for operating the orig- inal service level were further apportioned among additional expenses for labor, energy, and miscel- laneous other inputs. The outlays necessary to compensate for reduced farebox effort are equal to the decline in revenue from continuing riders -hen fares were reduced, less any new revenue generated by ridership increases that occurred in response to such fare cuts. The revenue loss [rimming from ridership declines that occurred In response to changes in market demand for transit service during this period was also Included in this category of increased outlays, although the amount was small, Finally, any new government Seels- tance during this period that was not matched by increased expenditures for one of these purposes (or required to meet previous years' unfunded expenses) -as classified as remaining available for future expenses. The data in Table 3 indicate that since 1975, 46 percent of the new transit assistance hag been con- tributed by the federal program, with the remaining 54 percent representing payments by local and state agencies above the combined level they Provided be- fore the federal program begin. Of this total, 42 percent --or about 89 billion In 1984 dollars --was used to Most higher costs for providing the same level of service that was operated before the pro- gram began. In turn, nearly three-quarters of this amount (86.6 billion) was used to meet increased labor expenses for supplying transit service. A relatively small proportion of the increase in government assistance I7 percent, or about 91.5 oil - lion) was necessary to compensate for higher energy costs, despite the scratch assertion that rising energy prices were a major source of increasing transit expense, during this period, higher payments for maintenance supplies, Insurance, and various Transportation Research Record 1078 Other inputs were responsible for the remaining in- crease (less than 81 billion) in expenses. Because these escalating costs absorbed so much Of the increased government assistance offered after 1974, only about one-half remained to further the goals of the federal subsidyg Table 3 Indicate, one program. As the data in e Y about 26 Sateen[ of new government assistance received by U.S. transit sys- tems between 1975 and 1984 (85.5 billion) was ac- tually used to meet expenses for operating the modest amount of new transit service that was added after federal operating subsidies were first offered. An- other 24 percent (85.1 billion) of the increase in operating assistance during this period was used to allow farebox coverage of operating expenditures to be reduced. Most of this in effect compensated for the fact that while per -passenger expenses more than doubled during the period of the federal program, typical transit fares were raised by only about one- half (as the data in Table 2 indicated). This number also includes the effect on farebox revenue of de- clining demand for transit service in the nation's urban areas, which continued to reduce the number of transit trips that would be made at any specific fare level during this period. Thus during the entire period of federal partici- pation In transit operating assistance, only about $10.7 billion of the 821.3 billion in Increased government assistance (that is, subsidies above the level already provided by states and localities be- fore federal participation began) was actually used to further the goals of adequate transit service at reasonable fares. The remaining a percent of the increased assistance payments made during this pe- riod (nearly 81.7 billion in 1984 dollars) was not matched by either previous unmet obligations or new expenditures by transit operators, and was thus ap- parently retained by its recipients to meet future expenses. However, this aggregate figure no doubt obscures considerable variation In the situations confronting individual transit operators, some were Probably unable to meet all of their current expenses during certain years, whereas others may have ac- cumulated significant amounts that remain available to meet future expenses. As the data In Table 3 indicate, the effect. on nationwide transit ridership of the service increases and fare reductions that were financed by increased government operating support were apparently modest. About 4,9 billion more transit trips were made during the period from 1975 to 1984 than would have been made If ridership remained at its level before the advent of the federal operating assistance program, representing only about a 9 percent increase in transit usage. This ridership gain wan estimated by assuming that In the absence of an Increase in government Subsidies after 1974, ridership In each Of the years between 1975 and 1984 would have re- mained at its (lower) 1974 level, rather than con- tinuing on the slight upward trend that began in 1973. If the 1972 -to -1974 upward trend Is used to estimate ridership from 1975 to 1984 in the absence of Increasing subsidy levels, the resulting cumula- tive increase in ridership from 1975 to 1984 is reduced to about 1.3 billion trips, or about 2 per- cent. Thus the amount of now assistance actually used to improve service and reduce fares to 89.00 per new rider (measured in 1984 dollars) is increased, of which 83.60 represents federal assistance. Even this relatively modest increase cannot be attributed entirely to the federal operating assis- tance program because transit subsidies offered by state and local government also Increased rapidly during this period, and rapid escalation In the costfl of automobile ownership and travel in the nation's urban areas probably eauned some drivers to owltch 157 Pickcell to transit for certain trips. Still, even assuming that growth in public subsidies was responsible for all of the additional transit ridership during this period and allocating only the fraction of new sub- sidies (50 percent in total) that actually financed new service and lower faces, increased government operating assistance payments totaled nearly $2.20 (when measured in 1984 dollars) for each new transit trip that resulted. Slightly more than 45 percent of this amount (or almost exactly 51.00) represents federal operating assistance, and the remainder con- sists of additional subsidies 'by state and local governments above the combined level they offered before the advent of the federal operating assistance program. Because the growth in transit ridership accom- panying federal involvement in operating assistance has been so small, the program's contributions to the various other goals originally sought by its supporters --such as reducing energy consumption and air pollution, or revitalizing downtown areas --must aIso have been modest. This is because achieving these indirect objectives requires that operating subsidies induce substantial numbers of automobile commuters to switch to transit travel, although there is still controversy about whether carrying urban commuters by conventional mass transit rather than other modes actually does save energy or reduce air pollution. Regardless of any uncertainty about the theoretical effectiveness of transit in promoting these goals, the modest ridership gains that accom- panied the federal operating subsidy program cer- tainly mean that it has contributed little toward [educing these undesirable by-products of current urban travel patterns. WHY WAS OPERATING ASSISTANCE SO INEFFECTIVE? There are several reasons Why government operating assistance failed to significantly advance its advocates' original goals, and many of these reasons should have been foreseeable by transportation policymakers and transit operators. Rising labor expenee_absorbed such a large part of government assistance because ransit vo[ ers compensation ev¢ anet a ¢ tap[ Y as assistance levels were_ expa—�eo, PhI t e prodeetiyity of transit Workers continueto neciin.. As the data in Table 2 I= Cate, annual compensation per transit employee has more than doubled since the federal assistance pro- gram began in 1975, while the number of vehicle -miles of service operated per full-time transit employee has declined nearly 7 percent (despite some recent improvement). The costs of living in the nation's urban areas escalated rapidly during this period, as did workers' compensation levels throughout much of the U.S. economy (particularly those received by other unionized workers employed in providing local government services). Nevertheless, transit workers' pay levels increased significantly during the eta of federal assistance even after adjusting for infla- tion --increasing 14 percent, as the data in Table 2 indicated --while average real earnings throughout the private sector of the U.S. economy actually de- clinea during most of this period. Further, labor productivity in many of the nation's other transpor- tation industries, including some faced with the same scheduling, maintenance, and administrative complexities confronting urban transit operators, continued to increased during this period (171 Table R-38). As the data in Table 2 also indicates utilization of transit service by urban residents improved only slightly during the period of federal support for transit operating costs. Although this did represent a reversal of its prolonged postwar decline, it was partly caused by the decline in inflation-adjusted transit fares that accompanied it. Further, its magnitude was disappointingly small considering that this period was marked by various developments that were widely expected to slow --and by some observers, even to reverse --the historical decline in demand for transit travel, Including sharply rising costs for owning and operating automobiles, a slower pace of population and employment suburban iza tion, and decreasing real incomes for many urban households. The failure of transit utilization to improve significantly appears partly attributable to the particular pattern of new transit service that was financed by growing operating assistance. Because total route mileage over which transit vehicles operated increased much more rapidly than did total vehicle -miles of service, the average number of vehicle -miles of transit service operated per mile of route deceased almost 25 percent between 1975 and 1984. (For more extensive discussion and documenta- tion of these developments, see Pickrell 118).) Thus what is probably the most important dimension of public transit's usefulness as a means of urban transportation --the frequency of service it pro- vides --declined significantly during this period. This occurred partly because schedules within the densely developed central areas of many U.S. cities, the traditional strongholds of transit service and ridership, were curtailed. At the same time, much of the vehicle mileage added during this period represented bus service on routes that were newly extended into the expanding suburban areas of large cities, or operated by newly established public transit systems serving many of the natior's smaller urban areas. In both of these situations, travel patterns tend to be diffuse, whereas automobile ownership is generally widespread; thus the resulting demand for transit travel supports only infrequent service, moat often with very low accompanying ridership (18). Because the improvement in transit utilization was so modest, increases in operating costa per unit of service were translated into similar growth in costs per passenger carried by the nation's transit systems, which more than doubled between 1975 and 1963. At the same time, the average fare paid by transit passengers increased by only about one-half during this period, as the data in Table 2 indicate, so that the fraction of transit operators' expenses that was covered by passenger fares decreased sharplyt the average face actually paid for a tran- sit trip declined from almost 55 percent of the ex- penses imposed by a typical rider during 1975 to only 39 percent of those costs by 1984. Combined state and local government subsidies increased from $0.20 to $0.71 per transit passenger between 1975 and 1984, reaching 50 percent of the U.S. Industry's total revenues during 1904, while federal subsidies contributed an additional $0.15 per passenger --the remaining 11 percent of the industry's revenues --by 1984. Yet even this substantial transfer of the burden of paying for transit service from users to tax- payers attracted surprisingly few now riders because it consisted mainly of widespread conversion to flat face systema and marketing of unlimited -use passes to regular cortmutere. During the first several years of the federal subsidy program, many of the nation's largest transit operators eliminated premium fares or surcharges for trips covering long distances, travel during peak commuting hours, and trips re- quiring transfers --all of which were particularly costly to carry --in favor of uniform fares and free transfers (18, p.117, Table 6.2). More than three- quarters of U.S. transit systems currently offer ,9/ wkly or monthly passes that entitle their holders cc unlimited free rides, but are commonly priced below the equivalent of one round trip per weekday (1g). The primary recipients of these substantial fare discounts, regular peak -hour cnmunuters travel- ing long distances, are often those attracted to transit by Its favorable travel time and service level for such trips, which they value particularly h lghly. Thus these changes in fare structures usually offered particularly large reductions to riders whose travel behavior was least sensitive to fare levels, who imposed the largest share of transit systems' operating expenses, and on whom transit operators' resulting loss in farebox revenue was greatest. How- ever, at the same time they often resulted in higher fares for many price -stns itive riders because large increases in basic fare levels were often necessary to maintain minimal farebox coverage of expenses by transit operators that eliminated premium fares and introduced discount passes. As a consequence, this widespread restructuring of fares produced dlsap- Pointingly small ridership gains in most urban areas, whereas much of both federal and expanded state and local assistance was used simply to fill the growing gap between the costs of carrying transit passengers and the fare revenues they contributed. COMPARING TRANSIT PERFORMANCE AMONG URBAN AREAS A number of case studies focusing on transitoper- ators serving individual urban areas were conducted to supplement the analysis of industrywide develop- ments in urban transit during the era of federal operating assistance. The basic criterion for select- ing case studies was the availability of financial and operating data for the transit system (or, in a few cases, multiple systems) serving an urban area during both 1975 and 1983. Because virtually all U.S.urban transit systems reported these data to UMTA under it, Section 15 reporting requirement dur- ing 1903, this meant that any urban area served by on operator (or operators) that voluntarily reported these data to a APIA for 1975 Could be selected. Urban areas with transit systems that did so were classified by population and geographic region of the nation, from which a5 of 13 --representing Populations from 150,000 to several million, as well Transportation Research Record 1078 as all of the nation's major geographic regions --vas selected for detailed study. The urbanized areas selected include (in alphabetical order) Buffalo, New York; Charleston, West Virginia; Chicago, Illi- nois; Dayton, Ohio; Madison, Wisconsin; Miani, Florida; Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Minneapolis -St. Paul, Minnesota; New York, New York; northern New Jersey; POrtlaner Oregon; San Diego, California; and Syracuse, New York. The main reason for conducting these studies was to document variation in deficit growth and its sources among transit operators serving different urban areas. Generally, these case studies revealed that the nationwide aggregate estimates of transit industry performance and the uses of operating as- sistance reported previously conceal wide variation in cost, service, and fare changes, as well as In their contributions to rising deficits. In addition, the case studies were intended to examine whether differences among transit systems in the contribu- tions of specific factors to rising operating def- icits were associated with differences in their dependence on federal operating assistance. Table 4 gives a comparison of changes In unit operating ex- penses, service levels, transit utilization, and average -fares during the period of federal operating assistance for 13 U.S. urban areas. As the data In the table indicate, transit operating expenses in- creased significantly in most urban areas, but the range of increases was wide and the distribution of individual cases across this range uniform. There was some tendency for cost increases to be more modest in larger areas (notably New York City, Chi- cago, and the northern New Jersey urbanized area), whereas the most rapid Increases occurred in cities of diverse sizes and locations, including Miami, Minneapolis -St. Paul, Portland, and Syracuse. There was also no obvious pattern of service in- creases among the 13 cases studied, three cities actually experienced significant reductions in tran- sit service, two of which (Chicago and New York) were those where the natural market for transit sar- viee remains strong and cost Increases were rela- tively modest. There was some tendency for service Increases to be related to the pace of population growth, for example, Miami, Portland, and San Diego -- all rapidly growing areas --showed rapid service in- creases; however some areas with declining popula- tion, such as Charleston and Milwaukee, also showed \ TABLE.1 Glmparisnn n( Cbml,es in Transit Performance Ihuin;, Ire Prrind of Federal 0P ralfng Assistance in 13 U.S. Urban :\rrar (1775.1903) i'n cenl Champs lrom 197b1g671n: Esrrmr Prr VehidnAl lin Ur Nn Porrenpms Pn A,rratr Pom .pre V041C. lilra of Srrvlr, Vrhirl,dlilr err Pasuntrra nuffrIn 36 2 Charlalon, W. Va, +7 -II B -371l- =rNeapo 13 -0 -IU U 6 j OJ)'Icn Wn, 3 y ib -JItbJmn, -n 7umJO .x -.4 •I9 mSliwk'e 3lmnr3poli1.51. Paul 31 -J-6 I30 -33 New York Lily 12 11 -13 70 Nonhrrn Nrx l,,y _y n -6 10 Poli,ad, Orr. i7 -6 -IB San Dirto 46 36 17 -I6 ,. $c uru,e g7 -=4 0 47 ,,,rape far 17 urhm urn" Ix ,w -17 -37 •I .wnn: Ilan xerr taNunwJ hl IM1e sumo, Irnm J,w wMnrJ m APTA l.•01 anJ L'lli.\ I1 J1. ' al•.¢mr rM1anrcunn aJrvnmr fnr mnnlnn. "L'nwrnLl,J yeast nl InJn W utl ylun lo, U urNn afev Inrn m nMe. Af Pickrell rapid service increases, In any event, Population alone is a poor indicator of demand for transit ser- vice, and the largest reductions in service occurred where other more important factors remained conducly to strong demand for conventional transit service, Finally, the data in Table 4 indicate that an extremely wide range of fare policies was pursued by transit operators serving different urban areas, and that fare reductions were not generally accompanied by the intended increases in transit utilization. Transit operators serving 7 of the 13 urban areas studied reduced average fares (measured after ad- justing for inflation; during the period of federal involvement --three of them by a third or more-- whe[eas the Of 6 increased average fare levels, again often by as much as 30 percent or more. Fare reductions were accompanied b in the utilization of transit service in byincreases three Of the seven cities that implemented them; 1n the remaining four where fares were cut, as well as In all six where average Inflation-adjusted face levels were Increased during this period, utilization of transit servlet decreased, often substantially. These cases thus provide a few examples of Improved tran- sit utilization in response to reduced fares, but for the most part they reveal a continuing decline In urban residents' use of transit service excpt where fares are kept extremely low, while highways capacity remains limited, automobile parking is costly, and Jobs remain highly eentrali-ad. These conditions are obviously beyond the Influence of transit subsidy policyr and remain present in relatively few U.S. urban areas. USES OF OPERATING ASSISTANCE IN INDIVIDUAL URBAN AREAS Table 5 gives estimates of the uses of increased operating assistance received between 1975 and 83 by transit systems nerving the 13 urban areas, gas calculated by the author. As the data in the table Indicate, In all but 2 of the 13 urban areas Studied, meeting the Increased expenses for operating the level Of transit service supplied before 1975 con- sumed a substantial share of new operating Sulfa - TABLES F,nlirnaled Ctrs of Oorernmew Aisutanre 110dered by Tran711 Operators in 13 U.S. Urban area,; (�: (17T3.17D3) p Prrcem o1 Nor Operahns Arernnce UwJ To: Slenuu, 1� 1974 Add fur Urban Ain Semce Rex- Lnel Sen'iee Fu.•ha, rfrnrt Ou161o. N,Y. a Chmlrnon lv,Vi 44 J r. Chloro, III 17 L`1 3` 3! Daylon, Ohm -v1 IB ,AIN,on, Ives 4a At 34 • Alis ml, Fla 40 63 —e .M u.w ukrr, N'Iw 3i AlmnaPnlifSl. Paul, Ann. pn IS I3 New fork Ci0'. S, 1 1'9 ' -x Nnnhrm New 1, wy '• -45 73 PortbnJ. OrrR 41 69 5s Sm Dirro, CJIif. 41 -u Syarux. S.1' a 71 IS A,rnte for t3 urhn mns -p 57 31 AH U.S. urhn wad 4a ;7 -5 6 7M1 a''nrrn lrnf army... aem.IF malaaN Oen grenJnoin; ylLn lmm `•�•• w1 as nm nw•unr, .,. nw4 f.n ....n tante. (In Chicago, the increase in costs to operate even the reduced service level after 1975 amounted d to 125 percent of new assistance received; this was e financed partly by savings from eliminating some service during this period.) Thus In nearly all of the cases reviewed, the effectiveness of rising as- sistance levels In financing transit service im- provements and fare reductions was severely com- promised by their use to meet higher costs to operate existing services. The data in the table also indicate that the use of Increased operating assistance to finance new service varied widely among the 13 urban areas studied. rn three cases, service levels were cur- tailed (as the data In Table 4 indicated), and the resultresulting Savings were transferred to other cate- spendin. In all the remaining 10 of cases examined,b at significantone(Buffalo) of new operating assistance made available to tran- sit systems during this period was actually used to increase service levels; most commonly, 20 to 50 Percent of lnereaaed eubffid vice, but In one case y levels funded new see. quarters of (San Diego), more than three - new assistance was used for this purpose. The fraction of new assistance remaining to sub- stitute for farebox effort also varied extremely widely among the titles examined. In a few cases (Madison, Minneapolis -St. Paul, and Portland), fare revenuesSh'aced even after adjusting for Influ- tfan, and the resulting proceeds were used to finance higher Pres carrel nc is or added service. In Miami, only about 2 percent of new operating assistance was used to replace farebox coverage of transit costs, and In San Diego as little as 15 percent was apparently used for that purpose. However, in some other urban areas as much as 30 to 50 percent of Increased as- sistance levels was used to compensate for revenue reductions stenming from the combination of fare cuts and ridership declines caused by external market forceboth New York City and Chicago, amounts s. In equal to large p discussed previoroportlons of new operating assls- discussed were used to replace farebox revenues, but as usly these were partly financed by cost savings that tea lted from service reduction,. EVALUATING FEDERAL OPERATING ASSISTANCE The demise of privately profitable, large-scale con- ventional mass transit service in the U.S, cannot reasonably be attributed to federal transit subsidy Policies, and particularly cannot be blamed on the federal operating assistance program, as some of Its harsher critics have suggested. Federal capital as- sistance did help finance some public takeovers of unprofitable nr bankrupt transit operators by local government agencies between the time it was first offered In 1964 and the 1975 advent of the Section 5 operating assistance program, while federal highway investment policies may have contributed to the changing patterns of transit ridership that made privateMany Public ownership yInd moperation unprofitable, tithe nationesatran- sit industry was firmly entrenched before the advent Of the federal operating assistance program. Further, comparing changes in transit industry performance during various periodS does not reveal any pronounced difference between the effects on transit performance of support for transit from fed- eral versus lover levels of government. The modest differences in basic cost, productivity, and other Performance trends In the Industry between the years before federal assistance began and the decade for which it has been available vete largely confined to the start-up years of the Section 5 program (1975 to 1980) and were at moat only partly attributable to /57 federal assistance itself. This history reveals that simultaneous rapid growth in operating ass is [shad from every level of government, as occurred from 1975 to 1980 when federal, state, and local support all expanded rapidly, was able to reverse temporarily and i the historical patterns of to transit service ncreasing fares. However, it also reveals that the new service and lower fares financed by rapidly growing government support produced only modest growth in mass transit ridership, which was also confined to the brief Period of simultaneously ex- panding support by all levels of government. Even this modest Increase In transit ridership was not entirely attributable to growing government assis- tance; actually, the federal assistance programwas Probably responsible for relatively little of it. Federal operating assistance was ineffective in promoting Increased ridership and the other objec- tives sought by Its advocates partly because much of It simply financed escalating expenses for operating existing service. Some of the increase in transit labor coats --although probably very little, judging from the sluggish pace of wage growth In other in- dustries during this time --may have been necessary to match pay rates in other sectors of the economy, whereas some probably resulted from labor Practices and administrative procedures mandated by Congress as conditions for receiving operatingassSseanee; certainly the major Increase In energy prices was our of the control of transit operators. Neverthe- less, transit management practices and service Polices must also have contributed significantly to the rapid escalation in the industry's operating expenses because growth In expenses per unit of ser- vice outpaced even the Increases in prices the in- dustry pard for its major operating inputs. Subsidies were also tneffec[Sve because transit ridership proved surprisingly tndensf Glue to the service Increases and fare reductions that the re- maining government assistance actually financed. Cersion of it ly- ingtainly the suburb nareas and d smaller scitiesvreflected ice to t the changing dlstrlbutions of Population and In U.employment S. cities and among regions of the country, but transit utilization at the urban densities characterized these newlthat y ae[ved areas was foresee- ably low. A[ the same time, widespread conversion to flat fare systems and the introduction of commuter Passes targeted are reductions on travelers who were pre d lcta6ly least responsive to them, and who were mos[ expensive for transit operators to serve. Finally, axpInding government assistance was in- 1 effective In promoting transit use because the nat- m ural market for conventional mase transit service In a U.S. urban areas continued to decline, as It has w dining throughoutvirtually for mass htransltrtravel h is the product o of rising incomes of urban residents, continuing [ decentralization of population and employment within at the nation's urban or as, and [hang -s !n the demo- a is IIc structure of U.S, households. None of these Co la likely to be elgnIII aptly altered by federal so transportation policies, end it may be undesirable ti to attempt to modify them using available policies. At the same time, the real costs of tailor Ing pr conventional Maes transit scrvfecs to Mee[ the tr evolving spa [!al and temporal patterns of urban mo [revel demand produced by these forces are unavold- su ably lncregain 9. Geograph lc dispersion and extreme tat Peskin g !n travel patterns necessarily reduce labor cu productivity !n transit operations, while requiring Cha higher Pay rates to compensate workers for accepting par undesirable work schedules, thus compounding the out problems already faced by operators of a labor- aim intensive service in an economy characterized by res rising wage costs. Togethdr, these complications aha Transportation Research Record 1078 seriously undermined the effectiveness of government subsidies in promoting increased ridership and the variety of related objectives originally sought by the advocates of federal assistance. Federal operat- Ing assistance was probably no more ineffective than subsidies offered by local or state governments. Some evidence even suggests that assistance financed by dedicated state and local tax sources is even more likely to be absorbed by increasing labor com- pensation or other expenses than are subsidies ap- propriated from general government revenues such as federal assistance under the Section 5 and Section 9 Programs (_18,PP.8e-S9;21,PP.32-35). Thus the basic problem with rhe federal operating assistance program was neither that it hastened the demise of a viable Private industry, nor that it compromised the U.S. urban transit industry's oyer_ ating performance. Sather, the problem with federal transit assistance continues to be that It is a costly and predictably ineffective means by which to Promote a catalog of poorly articulated,, empirically unrealistic, and perhaps even undesirable goals. 8ecause of ost of creased mass h transit e high Crider hip cis got nada inby l itself necessarily a desirable objective. There remains considerable doubt whether promoting conventional transit actually can save energy or reduce air lotion; and there is no evidence that P Sub- sidized mass transit service is sufficient Cor even necessary for the continued viability of urban areas. A program that attempts to achieve these ob- jectives indirectly by subsidizing operators of con- ventional mass transit service appears destined to remain not only unnecessarily costly, but also a disappointingly Ineffective element of federal transportation policy. REFORMING FEDERAL TRANSIT POLICY Two possibilities for increasing the effectiveness Of federal transit policies appear particularly promising, but both require a major departure from the traditional attitudes toward and functioning of current federal transit assistance programs, and will thus no doubt be politically difficult to im- plement. First, deelanatlnl� g�-1e t r r a In daBl C e b d I the [A 7 transit mr l— a �omrslno weY o 'traduce nan ; [ation p anners and managers tyyveluaroct1 trelatty- mportance of alternative service provision arrange- ents and fare structures, as well as to adapt the divides they provide to different transit markets lthln individual urban areas. The regional trans- ortation commisslona that already exist In a number [ metropolitan areas are logical candidates for his role, and some of them (such as the Detroit ga's Southeastern Michigan Transportation Authority an Virginia's Tidewater Transportation District amissicn) have already assumed It with apparently dreadful results, This strategy is advocated par- cularly forcefully In Lave (22, Chapter 1). These agencies have responded to the polltical assures to maintain' geographically widespread anslt services that Inevitably arise in large tropolitan areas by using their federal (end other) sub to finance services that are more carefully lored to localized travel patterns and cost cir- mstances in different parts of their districts n 1s typically the case. In doing so, they have tly avoided the tendency shown by most transit hrltles that receive subsidy funds directly Ply to extend conventional bus service to all [hes of the urban area, usually at the same fare rged 11 e other riders In their service areas. /S 1 Pickr ell They have done so partly by contracting out various activities --including the actual operation of some services --to suppliers other than the dominant local transit authority, doubtless an unpopular strategy with these often politically powerful agencies. How- ever, this has almost certainly been to the benefit of both service recipients and those local taxpayers who are recurringly called on to finance the bulk of the transit authority's deficits Isee J.C. Echols's Use of Private Companies To Provide Public Transpor- tation Services in Tidewater, Virginia, in Lave (22, Chapter 4)1. Designating recipients of federal assistance other than transit authorities is also a promising way to introduce an important new element into local tran- sit service planning and operating decisions: compe- tition among potential suppliers of transit services to these different markets. This could take the form of competitive bidding among suppliers for renewable but perhaps exclusive franchises to serve particular routes or areas, which would encourage not only ef- forts to improve productivity and control costs, but also to introduce higher quality transit services and various other adaptations to localized cir- cumstances. Even under such a system, the large public transit authorities that currently operate In most metropolitan areas would probably continue to provide much of the nation's conventional transit service: however, they would face heightened com- petition from prospective private operators for their right to do so. Although the recent public debate has focused almost exclusively on methods to privatize the pro- vision of urban transit services, it is this presence of competition --even in its indirect form of com- petitive bidding for renewable franchises --that will encourage both public and private operators to oper- ate efficiently and tailor their services to urban residents' travel needs. Without such competition, there is no inherent reason that private operators would deliver the current pattern of transit service any more productively than Is currently done by public authorities. However, in its presence efforts to develop new services, including some that might not utilize conventional transit vehicles running on fixed timetables, would no doubt also increase as long as the subaldy-receiving agency remained willing to consider seriously authorizing their introduction. The advantage of a more competitive system of providing urban transit services --an increased emphasis on meeting urban residents' demands for varied transportation services --should not be dis- missed lightly because the public authorities that dominate the current system engage in so astonish- ingly little of it. For example, 18 of the nation's largest transit authorities together spent lean than one-half of one percent of their total budgets on market research and service planning during 1983. It is difficult to determine how this comperes with other transportation or service industries, but it does appear to be very low (see paper by Booth else- where in this Record). A second change that would help rationalize cur- rent federal transit policy would be to combine the currently separate capital and operating assistance programs into a single transit block grant to be distributed among urban areae according to some agreed -on formula. The recent combination of operat- ing assistance payments With formula -based grants for capital projects (under the UMTA Section 9 pro- gram) represents a fledgling but potentially signif- icant step in this direction. Unfortunately, however, the new arrangement retains the basic distinction between assistance for capital investments and oper- ating expenses that in responsible for many of the Program's current problems. Removing this distinction entirely will be neces- sary to neutralize the powerful incentive to over- capitalize but undermaintain the nation's transit systems that is now offered by the independent treatment of capital and operating assistance. Local political officials and transit planners respond to these incentives in a predictable but wasteful effort to substitute capital, which is made artificially cheap by the generous federal matching shares (up to 80 percent) on transit construction projects and vehicle purchases, for labor that has been made artificially expensive by a decade of unrestricted subsidies for operating expenses, moon of which has found its way into escalated labor costs. An even farther -reaching rationalization of cur- rent federal transportation policies --and, over the longer term, the shapes of local transportation sys- tems they foster --would result from combining federal transit and highway assistance programs into a single transportation grant, to be spent largely at the discretion of local planners and political officials. Although this is a laudable longer-term policy ob- jective, the overdue step of consolidating current federal transit assistance into a single unified program doubtless provides a sufficient political challenge to occupy federal policymakers for the foreseeable future, and in any event is probably a prerequisite to the more ambitious step of integrat- ing urban highway and transit aid. Together with redesignating as recipients of such unified grants local agencies that view the improvement of region - wide transportation services as their mandate --rather than simply the extension or preservation of publicly operated, conventional transit service at uniformly low fares --this Would represent a valuable first step toward a federal policy that fosters more pro- ductive, diverse, and useful transit service. REFERENCES 1. J. Pucher. Transit Financing Trends in Large U.S. Metropolitan Areas: 1977-78. In Transpor- tation Research Record 7591 TRD, National Re- search Council, Washington, D.C., 1980, pp. 6-12. 2. Transit Fact Book. American Public Transit As- sociation, Washington, D.C., 1978, 3. Feasibility of Federal Assistance for Urban Mass Transportation Operating Costs. UMTA, U.S. Department of Transportation, Nov. 1971. 4. U.S. Congressional Budget Office. Urban Trans- portation and Energy, The Potential Savings of Different Mades. U.S. Government Printing Of- fice, Washington, D.C., 1977. 5. Transit Fact Book. American Public Transit As- sociation, Washington, D.C., 1980. 6. Congressional Record. Washington, D.C., Vol. 119, 1973. 7. U.S. Congress. House. Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1970. Report 91-1264. June 30, 1970, 24 pp. B. U.S. Congress. Senate. Federal -Aid Highway Act of 1978. Report 95-833. May 15, 1978, 75 pp. 9. Transit Fact Book. American Public Transit As- sociation, Washington, D.C., 1985. 10. National Urban Mass Transportation Statistics: 1980 Section 15 Annual Report, UMTA, U.S. De- partment of Transportation, 1981. 11. National Urban Mass Transportation Statistics: 1981 Section 15 Annual Report. Report UMTA-MA- 06-0107-83-1, UMTA, U.S. Department of Trans- portation, Nov. 1982. 12. National Urban Mass Transportation Statistics: 1982 Section 15 Annual Report. Report LMTA-Mir /S 10 Transportation Research Record 1078 06-0107-84-1. UMTA, U.S: Department of Trans- Kennedy School of Government, Harvard Univer- portation, Nov. 1983. city, Cambridge, Mass., July 1983. 13. National Urban Mass Transportation Statistics; 19. Transit Fare Surmary: Fare Structures in Effect 1983 Section 15 Annual Report. Report UNTA-MA- on January 1, 1984. American Public Transit 06-1007-85-1. UMTA, U.S. Department of Trans- Association, Washington, D.C., 1984. portation, Dec. 1984. 20. 1975 Transit Operating Report. American Public 14. Transit Fact Book. American Public Transit As- Transit Association, Washington, D.C., n.d. SOciation, Washington, D.C., 1974. 21. J. Pucher et al. Redesigning Federal Transit 15. U.S. Council of Economic Advisors. Economic Subsidies To Control Costs To Increase the Ef- Report of the President. U.S. Government Print- fectiveness of the Transit Program. Report NJ. Ing Office, Washington, D.C., 1985. 11-0011. UMTA, U.S. Department of Transports. 16. O.N. Pickrell. Rising Deficits and the Uses of tion, Dec. 1982. Transit Subsidies in the United States. Journal 22. C.A. Lave (ed.(. Urban Transit: The Private Of Transport Economics and Policy, Vol. 19, No. Challenge to Public Transportation. Ballinger 30 Sept. 1985. Publishing Company, Cambridge, Mass., 1984. 17. U.S. Council of Economic Advisors. Economic Report of the President. U.S. Government Print- ing Office, Washington, D.C., Feb. 18, 1983. 18. D.N. Pickrell. The Causes of Rising Transit Publication of this paper sponsored by Committee on Operating Deficits. Report MA -11-0037. John F. Transit Management and Performance. Esq ILA CITY OF IOWA CITY CHIC CEN(ER 410 E. WASHNGTON Si. IOWA CV, IOWA 52240 (319) 356-5000 January 15, 1987 Mr. William Blough Heritage Cablevision 546 Southgate Ave. Iowa City, Iowa 52240 Dear Mr. Blough: Recent newspaper articles have reported plans by Heritage Cablevision to provide cable TV service to the University of Iowa for the operation of a cable TV system by the University for its dormitory residents. The City of Iowa City has concerns about whether the installation and operation of such a system by the University is permitted within the regulatory framework of Iowa City's "Broadband Telecommunications Fran- chise Enabling Ordinance" (Chapter 14, Article IV of the City Code), and the City is attempting to initiate discussions with the University to address these concerns. At the least, the City believes that revenues received by Heritage as the result of the provision of any such cable service to the University are a part of the annual gross revenues" as defined in 514-61 of the City Code and would, therefore, be subject to the franchise fee, as provided in 914-73 of the City Code. Please notify us in writing promptly if your company disagrees with our position regarding this matter. Sincerely yours, ep en qyAZK1_nV, City Manager cc: City Council Terry Timmins John Hayek Dale Helling bj2/7 /✓8 d» CITY OF CHIC CENTER 410 IOWA CE•WASHWGTONST. IOWA CtiY, IOWA 52240 (319) 356-50)o January 14, 1987 Mr. George Ruppert 823 Webster Street Iowa City, Iowa 52240 Dear Mr. Ruppert: Regarding your November 17, 1986, letter to the Iowa City City Council, I asked the Department of Public Works staff to review your concerns regarding the Iowa Interstate Railroad's planned development. The storm sewer pipe plans, prepared by the railroad's engineering consultant, have been designed to carry a ten-year storm. This plan exceeds the City's design standards suggesting a five-year storm design. The drainage area considered as part of the design extends from Summit Street to Gilbert Street and includes the Page Street cul-de-sac 12" stom sewer, the duplex downspouts, the 18" storm sewer from Page Street and South Dodge Street and all of the rest of the storm water Q runoff sources within this area. The plan does include an area beehive intake at Webster Street, as well as two intakes within the actual development area and four intakes located along the Planned storm sewer extension. In addition to the neighborhood benefit of increased storm sewer capacity, the plans include an upgrade of the 2" and relocation of the hydrant to the a6ermainnfor fiSretreet main As currently designed Gilbert Court will be, open ditch lgrad d95 feetto at h0 the storm sewerapfeet west of Vn ipe. Street to The current approved plans are for the office building only, and the round house addition is not a part of this development plan. K' We appreciate your comments and suggestions d You have any or questions, please feel free to contact Frank Fa merat 356 5143further comments Sincerely yours, c,/tep City is ger k cc: City Council Frank Farmer Chuck Schmadeke bj3/3 is9 823 Webster Street Iowa City, Iowa 52240 November 17, 1986 Iowa City City Council Iowa City, Iowa 52240 Dear Council Members: I have several concerns regarding the current and future plans that Iowa Interstate Railroad has for their property that runs West of the Dodge Street Bridge towards Gilbert Court. One of the projects is the installation of a storm sewer. I don't think a 21" storm sewer will be big enough to carry the water away. After the railroad builds their office building and paved parking area, the more water runoff you will have. I have lived on Webster Street for 55 years. Several times during that period the three lots next to the open water ditch were under water. When Page street was paved between Dodge and Lucas Street, the City of Iowa City installed a storm sever across the old Railroad stockyards which ran into this open ditch. Eight dew duplexes also have their downspouts drain into this open ditch. The Railroad will also have to drain Webster Street and the hill into this 21" storm sewer. The Railroad owns land on the south side of this open water ditch between Webster dnd Van Buren Streets. When they cover this 21" storm sewer, I would like them to use this area for their driveway. If they did this, they would not have to come up Webster with mud, tar and oil on their tires and dumping it on Webster, Page and Van Buren Streets. The Railroad would benefit from this they would be able to save time going from the East side of the roundhouse to the West side and in return the property owners would not have to put up with the dust blowing in their houses. I want the City Council to know that Webster Street was a dead end street until the railroad put in an access to the East side of their roundhouse. They also installed a new track and a big overhead door so they can run diesel engines in one end and out the other. They spray paint in the roundhouse and I think this ought to stop because houses are 30'-40' from the roundhouse. We property owners get odor from the locomotives running 24 hour's a day, 7 days a week in addition to the noise. LAt,C rz% /57 I have strong objections to ever enlarging the roundhouse, I am sure this will come up sometime next year before the building is completed. With the new office building , the office railroad will not have enough property to expand the roundhouse and put parking space -in for the employees. I don't want to see the railroad using Webster Street for employee Parking is allowed on the east side of Webster now, parking• j for this area is for single family and duplex onl The zoning f has taken over the dead end of Webster Street. Y' The railroad parking Flatbed semis in front of the drivewa s They have been difficult to leave and be late for work , Y , making it heavy equipment and block the street for hourssuntilemis athehauling unloaded. The weight of these semis will eventually break up the Webster Street Y are north of Page is nopavement. The dead end of Webster Street four households that havet a itote dive getrout,for the railroad; there are i The continued expansion of the railroad will lower values, I think it would be better for the neighborhood and the !F park if the railroad would locate their roundhouse in an property Industrial zone where they would have more their operations. The railroad has been expanding property to expand operations in leaps and bounds during the Pastyear. If you their t don't stop the railroad from enlarging the roundhouse now yea next move they will make will be to acquire more property and will be back for zoning changes, the t I want the city council to take a hard look at the 21" storm sewer; I feel it will be too small. Listed below are six reasons why I think it should be larger; Proposed 1. Be sure the railroad for Webster Street and its hills in a drain into the storm sewer 2. Runoff from the of Park. fice building, parking lot and Oak Grove 3. Page Street�8' torm sewer between Dodge and Lucas. 4• The duplexes with downspouts water ditch. draining into the open 5. Ten inch storm sewers drain both sides of Dodge Street%and the bridge. 6• I am sure there is other water draining into the ditch that we don't know about. Also, I feel there should be a clear out for the storm sewer so that mud and debris can be cleaned out of it. Sincerely, �� r George Ruppert ' /S9 City of Iowa City MEMORANDUM Date: January 22, 1987 To: City Council From: Barry Beagle, Associate Planner Re: Iowa Interstate Railroad Final LSNRD Plan Earlier this month, the Council received a copy of the letter dated January 14, 1987, from the City Manager to Mr, George Ruppert of 823 Webster Street (attached) The letter addressed storm water management improvements as with the construction of the proposed Iowa Interstate ThelCouncilcated at requestedD to be ter Street, immediately Railroad office concerns expressed at the timeptof nformed regarding north of Oak Grove Park. Based upon the Cit passage of g storm water management liminar Y Managers letter and gcompliance pwithmtherapproved Ppre- Y LSNRD plan, the Department of administratively approved the final LSNRD plena on Januar and Program Development Council will recall, the newly amended LSNRD ordinance Pment approval of final LSNRD plans if found to be r 16, 1min administrative the an approved preliminar in substantial al comml�ianceatith y LSNRD plan, P with If the Council has any questions regarding this matter, tate to contact me. Please do not hesi- Enc. bj3/15 /Go alb M City of Iowa Ch, MEMORANDUM DATE: January 16, 1987 TO: Karin Franklin FROM: Joyce J. DeLong RE: LSNRD Final Plan Approval The site address for the office building is 800 Webster. Council's storm water runoff question is covered in the attached copy of the letter sent to Mr. Ruppert Attachment C /� O � �PN2219�'T IOWA CITY [ii Frcc /44ed ileal Citinic P.O. BOX 1170 IOWA CIN, IOWA 52244 (319) 337-0459 January 20, 1987 Mayor Ambrisco/City Council Civic Center 410 East Washington Iowa City, Iowa 52240 Dear Mayor Ambrisco and City Council Members, The Iowa City Free Medical Clinic would like to withdraw our request for 1987 Community Development Block Grant funds. We were requesting these funds for the purchase of laboratory equipment. We have been able to locate other sources for equipment which are currently being pursued. We feel we will be able to obtain the needed equipment without using CDBG funds. We thank you for your support of the Free Medical Clinic. Sincerely, Com. Bre Colette Brodersen Co -Director Free Medical Clinic A United Way Agency Office Hours: Money -Friday, 8.00 a.m..1:00 p.m. Clinic Hours; Monday and Thursday; Sign up at 6.00 p.m. /V/ 01 VICTOR & LAFAYETTE R E C E I V E D Jr.id 21 1987 ALEX J. VICTOR GERALD W. LAFAYETTE LAWYERS TELEPHONE 965-045a 120 NORTH CHURCH STREET ROCKFORD. ILLINOIS 61101 AREA CODE 813 January 20, 1987 The Honorable Mayor of Iowa City Iowa City, Iowa Dear Mayor: I would like to commend your Chief of Police,whose name I cannot remember at this point in time,for his prompt, courteous, and sincere attention to a minor problem that my daughter experienced while she was a student at the University of Iowa. I was very pleased with the demeanor and attitude that was expressed by your Chief of Police and his time and effort in resolving the minor parking problem that my daughter had experienced at her apartment building. The matter has now been resolved to all parties satisfaction. It is very often, having been in public life myself for several years, that the public is so ready to criticize and condemn their public servants, but they seldom take the time to take pen in hand and send a letter of appreciation and commendation. I would merely like to state that from my brief contact with you Chief of Police, I believe you have a very good man in office Sincerely, Gerald W. LaFa ettp� GWL:rfh y i 6' i. r� Johnson County A E C E I V G D J;.'; 15 1987 ACCAN (Area Council on Child Abuse & Neglect) P.O. Box 1043 Iowa City, Iowa 52244 T0: Individuals and organizations concerned about child abuse and neglect in our community FROM: Christy Scheetz, for Johnson County ACCAN RE: JC-ACCAN public meeting You are invited to attend a public meeting of the Johnson County Area Council on Child Abuse and Neglect. The meeting will be held Wednesday, January 21, 1987, at 12:00 noon at the Iowa City Public Library, Meeting Room A. Please feel free to come late or leave early as your schedule requires. At this meeting we will be hearing reports on current programs being sponsored by ACCAN, and discuss possibilities for 1987. We will also be forming new committees, and considering the form- ation of a newletter to increase communication with the community and other ACCANs around the state. Please make every effort to attend this meeting. We would like to hear your ideas. For more information call Christy Scheetz at 354-4007 or Linda Nelson at 338-7518. We hope to see you on the 21st! /�3 Stephen J. Atkins, City 'tanager 410 }. Kashington Street Iowa City, Iowa 52240 Dear Mr. Atkins: Pursuant to our discussion, I arm., providing an update on Youth ;;ones' CDllC Project. Currently we are in negotiations with both of our current land- lords, 3.ila Haug and Johnson County. I think the majority of the Doard of Superivsors will support our offer to purchase the Ronald Street pros arty for one dollar. A written offer will be submitted in the near fu- ture for the Supervisor's formal consideration. ?is. Hau&'s interest in selling the Cashington Street property is contingent upon whether or not s`,e and her employer will be relocating out of town. She has had the Property appraised and I will be meeting with her later this ::ceY, to Cis- ulss price and terms, should she decide to sell, In the meantime, I have reviewed the local real estate market and looked at several promising properties. Asking prices have been in the ;30,000 to 5115,1:00 price ranges. Several of these properties will meet our space needs and require minimal remodeling and restoration. A couple offer Cood isolation from neighbors and sizeable yard space. At least two offer favorable contract terns. In all cases, we Lave not onlv staved within proper znning, but also restricted ourselves to nciChbor- hoods that are predominantly multi-fa:aily rentals, trying to stay away iron locations that are still heavily single-family owner -occupied. Finally, we arF doing shat we can to bring the Ronald Street property up to the "ilding CO". however, we will not meet the January 30th dead- li,v' sct by the Cit' 9uilding Department. Ke are rapairin,; the less costl3 items but tLa major iteps in our violation notice will Dave to wait until title to the property has been transferred to us and financing arrrn;;erents have been made. / RECE IVEDipi 22 X087 YOUTH HOMES, INC. 0 Box 324 ue A United Way Agency William McCarty, Executive Iowa City, Iowa 32344 Phone: 319/3374323 Director Youth Fmerleuey Shelter Phone: 319/337 -SM Girt Group Home Phone: 319/337-7538 indepeadent Uying Phone: 319/3374523 January 20, 1997 Stephen J. Atkins, City 'tanager 410 }. Kashington Street Iowa City, Iowa 52240 Dear Mr. Atkins: Pursuant to our discussion, I arm., providing an update on Youth ;;ones' CDllC Project. Currently we are in negotiations with both of our current land- lords, 3.ila Haug and Johnson County. I think the majority of the Doard of Superivsors will support our offer to purchase the Ronald Street pros arty for one dollar. A written offer will be submitted in the near fu- ture for the Supervisor's formal consideration. ?is. Hau&'s interest in selling the Cashington Street property is contingent upon whether or not s`,e and her employer will be relocating out of town. She has had the Property appraised and I will be meeting with her later this ::ceY, to Cis- ulss price and terms, should she decide to sell, In the meantime, I have reviewed the local real estate market and looked at several promising properties. Asking prices have been in the ;30,000 to 5115,1:00 price ranges. Several of these properties will meet our space needs and require minimal remodeling and restoration. A couple offer Cood isolation from neighbors and sizeable yard space. At least two offer favorable contract terns. In all cases, we Lave not onlv staved within proper znning, but also restricted ourselves to nciChbor- hoods that are predominantly multi-fa:aily rentals, trying to stay away iron locations that are still heavily single-family owner -occupied. Finally, we arF doing shat we can to bring the Ronald Street property up to the "ilding CO". however, we will not meet the January 30th dead- li,v' sct by the Cit' 9uilding Department. Ke are rapairin,; the less costl3 items but tLa major iteps in our violation notice will Dave to wait until title to the property has been transferred to us and financing arrrn;;erents have been made. / L That about covers the past sixty days' activities on the pro's be able to lap out our alternatives norea activities O as soon as negotiations with our landlords are Project. i will continuing interest and assistance, completed. Thank you for your Sincerely, �� !:illias, CCarty, :!SC,AS!i,LSB Executive Director CO: Marianne :!ilknan ! Mot YOUTH HOMES, INC. A United Way Agency Willlam McCarty, Executive Director C W 0 JtR''AnY 2n, 1987 =avij L. ::alone, !lousing Inspector Department of Housing, and Inspection Services 410 C Nashin -ton Street Iowa City, Iowa 52240 Dear :!r. Y.alone: 12D N. Dub m P.O.9oa I7A Iowa Q13. Iowa 32244 Phone 319/3374s29 Pho719/73 Sbetter Ginis GroaY How Phone: 319/337.7538 IndeMdest Lvial Phone: 319/337-4523 '.his is to update you on our progress in bringing the property at 524 %onald Street up to code. Using your October 30tn, 1966 violationnotice as a -nide, we have been making many of the smaller repairs. ;!owever, the larger items must wait for adequate financing. T e property owner, Johnson County, has not been willing to provide money for repairs; however, the Board of Supervisors has expressed an interest in selling the property to us for a nominal price, enabling us to use the property as collateral on a loan. I expect it will take another 60-90 days to transfer title of the proper- ty and arrange financing. In the meantime, I hope the Building Depart- ment will bear with us, and give us the time we need to make the neces- sary repairs. I want you to know that Youth Homes is making a good faith effort to bring the property up to code, within our present financial limitations. Whir the cooperation and support of both the County and the City, the rest of these items will be taken care of as quickly as possible. Thank you for Your patience. Sincerely: / Gillian NcCarty, YSId,ACSR,LSi; Executive Director cc: Steve Atkins Dick ?!yers Marianne Silkman 1W DAN L HUOSON.ASSESSOR DENNIS J. BALDRIDGE DEPUTY CAROLYN R. BURKE DEPUTY OFFICE OF .roma cite (fitp Razor Johnson County Administration Bldg. P.O. Box 1350 January 16, 1987 Iowa City, Iowa 52244 Dear Conference Board Member: The annual meeting of the Iowa City Conference Board for the consideration of the Iowa City Assessor's FY 1988 budget is scheduled for Monday, January 26, 1987, at 7:00 P.M. at the Iowa City Civic Center. Enclosed, so you may review the infor- mation before the meeting are: 1. The agenda. n� 2. The proposed budget. 3. The 1986 Annual Report which includes the program division statement. 4. A copy of February 10, 1986 minutes. ;i Please note that the amount to be raised by taxation is $29,150 less than required 9+` last year, almost a 16% decrease. The decrease consists mostly of: a. $ 4,500 for assessment rolls and postage for same. b. $ 7,000 for a car which was Purchased from current budget. c. $41,000 which was budgeted for court cases, most of which were dismissed at the end of 1986. $52,500 Total decrease 4 This decrease is partly offset by the following increases: d. $ 2,000 for computer fees to Johnson County. e. $ 1,900 for insurance, most was increase in health last spring. yF f. $ 1,320 for FICA, the Board of Reveiw FICA was not included in this line before. g• $ 6,770 for a 5% increase in salaries. E! h. $11,390 less in the unencumbered balance. z? $23,380 Total increase %j The levy rate will be going down from .17616 to .14597, a reduction of approx. 17%. The new construction that will be taxed for the first time in FY 88 will produce approx. $2,370. If you have any specific questions or wish to look at any of the suppng orti documents for this budget, feel free to call me at work at 356-6066 or ti my home at 338-6176. ,Sincerely, Dan L. Hudson Iowa City Assessor January 16,1987 TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN: The Iowa City Conference Board will meet at 7:00 P.M. January 26, 1987 at the Iowa City Civic on Monday, Center. The purpose budget dget fthe meeting is to discuss the Iowa City Assessors' proposed or fiscal year 1988. AGENDA: 2. Call meeting to order by the Chairperson. 2• Roll Call by taxing body. 3. Act on minutes of February 10, 1986 Conference Board meeting. 4. Assessor presents proposed budget. S. Discuss proposed budget. 6• Conference Board acts on proposed budget. 7• Set date for public hearing. a. Other business. 9. Adjourn. Dan L. Hudson Clerk, Conference Board ASO ITEMIZED BUDGET - ASSESSMENT EXPENSE FUND ITEM NO. EXPENDITURE 34 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 OTHER EXPENDITURES Board of Review Employer Share: FICA Employer Share: IPERS Mileage & Auto Office Supplies, Post. & Tele. Publications, Subscr. & Dues Bonds & Workman's Comp. Equipment Maintenance Appraisal Service Insurance Continuing Education Appeals to Court Schools & Conferences Legal Unemployment Conference Board Examining Board Computer Charge Total Other Expenditures TOTAL BUDGET UNENCUMBERED BALANCE TRANSFER FROM SPEC. APPR. FUND TO BE RAISED BY TAXATION FY 87 $ 36,250 29,000 25,380 21,680 15.670 $127,980 $ 9,000 9,000 6,000 8,500 13,000 750 1,100 200 400 13,300 3,000 56,500 1,500 2,000 2,000 0 30 6.000 $132,280 $260,260 - 68,741 4.739 $186,780 FY 88 $ 38,050 30,450 26,650 22,750 16.850 $134,750 $ 9,000 10,320 6,320 500 8,800 1,000 1,200 200 400 15,200 3,500 15,000 1,500 2,000 2,000 0 30 8.000 $ 84,970 $219,720 - 62,090 0 $157,630 /0 SALARIES 31 City Assessor 32 First Deputy 32 Second Deputy 35 Plat Supervisor 35 Clerk Total Salaries 34 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 OTHER EXPENDITURES Board of Review Employer Share: FICA Employer Share: IPERS Mileage & Auto Office Supplies, Post. & Tele. Publications, Subscr. & Dues Bonds & Workman's Comp. Equipment Maintenance Appraisal Service Insurance Continuing Education Appeals to Court Schools & Conferences Legal Unemployment Conference Board Examining Board Computer Charge Total Other Expenditures TOTAL BUDGET UNENCUMBERED BALANCE TRANSFER FROM SPEC. APPR. FUND TO BE RAISED BY TAXATION FY 87 $ 36,250 29,000 25,380 21,680 15.670 $127,980 $ 9,000 9,000 6,000 8,500 13,000 750 1,100 200 400 13,300 3,000 56,500 1,500 2,000 2,000 0 30 6.000 $132,280 $260,260 - 68,741 4.739 $186,780 FY 88 $ 38,050 30,450 26,650 22,750 16.850 $134,750 $ 9,000 10,320 6,320 500 8,800 1,000 1,200 200 400 15,200 3,500 15,000 1,500 2,000 2,000 0 30 8.000 $ 84,970 $219,720 - 62,090 0 $157,630 /0 Y BUDGET - SPECIAL APPRAISERS FUND FY 87 FY 88 Mapping $ 0 $ 50,000 TO BE RAISED BY TAXATION $ 0 $ 50,000 GRAND TOTAL TO BE RAISED BY TAXATION $186,780 $207,630 MAXIMUM LEVY ALLOWED Maximum assessment expense fund 1,079,844,192 x .00027 = $ 291,560 IPERS & FICA Funds = 16,640 Unemployment Compensation & Tort Liability 4,000 Maximum for assessment expense fund = $ 312,200 Maximum special appraisers fund 1,079,844,192 x .000405= $ 437,340 Maximum allowed without State approval = $ 749,540 Maximum emergency fund 1,079,844,192 x .00027 = $ 291,560 (Which requires State Appeal Board Approval) Maximum that could be raised by taxation for FY 188 = $1,041,100 LEVIES AND RATES SINCE 1980 Assessment Expense Fund Special Appraiser's Fund Fiscal Year Amount Levied Levy Rate 1979-80 $ 146,050 .26746 1980-81 175,930 .29593 1981-82 184,145 .30081 1982-83 192,960 .28004 1983-84 201,186 .27000 1984-85 200,278 .22454 1985-86 181,958 .18905 1986-87 186,780 .17616 1987-88 157,630 .14597 Amount Levied Levy Rate $ 61,000 .09592 15,000 .02177 98,868 .13000 73,890 ------------- .08284 --------- ------------- 50,000 --------- .04630 /`0 -1 s« CITY CONFERENCE BOARD FEBRUARY 10, 1986 Cit Conference Board: February 10, 1986, 6:30 P.M. Mm ers a e. 'Ambrisco in the Council v c Center. Mayor Billpresiding. Iowa Citiv Council Members Present: Ambrisco, Baker, Courtney, 'E' ono , tra t, u er. Dickson, i Johnson Count Su erv[sors Present: Langenberg, Myers. Iowa Ctt School Board Members Present: Gjerde, Wooldrick. Others resent: Hudson, Berlin Karr Hellin 9' Timmins. Tape Recorded Reel d: 3j 86- C12, Side 2, 188-236. Mayor Ambrisc0 stated that a quorum was present. The County (;I 4 moved to accept the minutes of the last Conference Board meeting, January 27, 1986, City seconded, and it was passed, 3/0. Mayor Ambrisco declared U,-.l the public hearing open. There being no comment from the public, the public hearing was � V declared closed. The City moved to adopt the City Press Citizen on January 30, as secondeddbyntheeSIowa a or Mayor Y Ambrisco u chool. declared the motion carried, 2/0. The County vote 1 countesplit one to one, rendering the vote a tie which can not be There being no further business, it was moved by the Count by the City, to adjourn at 6:35 i' P.M. seconded Motion carried unanimously, 3/0. I l� DaAkudsofn�/�V�� Clerk, Conference Board s i i I .10� IOWA CITY CITY ASSESSOR'S OFFICE 1986 ANNUAL REPORT 41 i 1986 REPORT OFFICE OF IOWA CITY ASSESSOR TABLE OF CONTENTS Iowa City Conference Board Staff of City Aseessor's Office, Members oP Board of Review and Examining Board Report of CitY Assessor Abstract for 1986 Iowa City Assessments Exempt PropertY as of July 1, 1986 Comparison of Values with Rollback Applied Comparison of Residential, Values Commercial and Industrial 3 4-6 7 7 8-9 Top Taxpayers for Iowa cit 10-11 Y comparative Millage Rates 12 Iowa City Assessors 13 Program Division Statement Fy X88 14-17 1 Apir 2 IOWA CITY CONFERENCE BOARD IOWA CITY - CITY COUNCIL William Ambrisco, Mayor Larry Baker Darrel Courtney Kate Dickson John McDonald George Strait Ernest Zuber IOWA CITY SCHOOL BOARD Randy Jordison, President Lynne Cannon Craig Gjerde Kathryn Penningroth Orville Townsend Ellen Widiss David Wooldrick JOHNSON COUNTY BOARD OF SUPERVISORS Richard Myers, Chairperson Harold Donnelly Dennis Langenberg Betty Ockenfels Donald Sehr IOWA DEPARTMENT OF REVENUE AND FINANCE Gerald D. Bair - Director, Iowa Department of Revenue and Finance Gene Eich - Administrator, Local Government Services -Division Brian Bruner - Ass't Administrator & Supervisor, Assistance Sec. STAFF OF CITY ASSESSOR'S OFFICE MEMBERS OF BOARD OF REVIEW AND EXAMINING BOARD IOWA CITY, IOWA 1986 Dan L. Hudson City Assessor Dennis J. Baldridge First Deputy Carolyn R. Burke Second Deputy Jerry L. Denison Plat Supervisor Dorothy F. Gerdes Clerk IOWA CITY BOARD OF REVIEW Gregory J. Downes, Chairman William J. Doherty Charles A. McComas, Jr. Keith A. Wymore Jack L. Yanaush William F. White, Clerk IOWA CITY EXAMINING BOARD Alan R. Bohanan D. Keith Borchert Patricia Sueppel LEGAL COUNSEL Terrence L. Timmins - City Attorney 3 Appt. 1983 through 1988 Appt. 1985 through 1990 Appt. 1984 through 1989 Appt. 1986 through 1991 Appt. 1982 through 1987 Appt. 1982 through 1987 Appt. 1982 through 1987 Appt. 1986 through 1991 TO: Members of the Iowa City Conference Board FROM: Dan L. Hudson, Iowa City Assessor SUBJECT: 1986 Annual Report - Issued Dec. 29, 1986 The following report covers the activities of this office from January 1, 1986 to date of issue. VALUATIONS Since 1986 was not a real estate revaluation year, the real estate assessed values remained the same as 1985. There was approximately 8 million dollars of new residential construction, 7.5 million dollars of new commercial construction and 2.5 million dollars of new industrial construction added to the rolls for 1986. The 445 residential deed sales for the first 9 months of 1986 gives us a median ratio (assessed value vs sales price) of 95.68 as compared to 96.28 for the whole year of 1985. This shows that the selling prices of homes have increased very little since last year. 1986 was the first year that we did not have to assess ;i personal property, therefore the total value for Iowa City has decreased slightly. The state will reimburse local jurisdictions for most of this lost value. COURT CASES There was 1 new appeal to District Court filed in 1986 involving 1 commercial property. Of the 16 appeals j involving 22 parcels filed in 1985, 12 appeals involving 16 parcels were refiled in 1986. one appeal consisting of 2 residential parcels and one appeal for 1 commercial parcel were heard during FY 186. The residential appeal resulted in the courts upholding the Board of Review's and assessor's value on one property and reducing the value on the other property. The results of the commercial case is currently being appealed due to the District Court's reduction in the Board of Review's value. The Board of Review was in session from May 1 through June 2, the day of adjournment. The Board had 41 protests filed with 19 being upheld and 22 denied. The total value of real estate being protested was $18,150,523 with a total requested reduction of $5,320,653. The Board allowed a total reduction of $461,453. Included in this reduction was a reduction of $112,853 to the agricultural land in Iowa City to equalize it with the agricultural land in Johnson County. ,r i CONTINUING EDUCATION Continuing education is a requirement for the assessor and deputies for their reappointment to their positions. I feel it is also good for the other employees to attend some classes so they can adequately respond to inquiries and questions. The Assessor attended the following courses and conferences during 1986: NCRAAO Conference 7.5 C.E. hrs. ISAA School of Instruction 10.5 C.E. hrs. IAAO Conference --------- Iowa Legal Descriptions & Boundary Law 5.0 C.E. hrs. IAAO Course 3- Written Appraisals 30.0 C.E. hrs. T The First Deputy attended the following courses and conferences during 1986: NCRAAO Conference 7.5 C.E. hrs. ISAA Annual School of Instruction 10.5 C.E. hrs. IAAO Course 3 -Written Appraisals 30.0 C.E. hrs. T The Second Deputy attended the following courses and conferences during 1986: NCRAAO Conference 7.5 C.E. hrs. ISAA Annual School of Instruction 10.5 C.E. hrs. The Plat Supervisor attended the following course during 1986: IDR Basic Assessment School 21.0 C.E. hrs. 5 /&F NEW LEGISLATION HF 497 - 724 - Bills dealing with procedures and technical 2229 - changes in tax laws and exemptions. 2471 - HF 714 - Allows the board of review to correct clerical or mathmatical errors for previous years if the taxes have not been paid. r. HF 2481 - Allows the conference board to appoint two additional temporary members to the board of [ review if needed. ti SF 178 - Allows the assessor to print assessment roll xi information on computer stock paper in years when no changes in value have been made. NN s. SF 557 - Allows the Homestead Tax Credit to be signed cc� year-round instead of just from January 1 to July 1. 4f �i APPRECIATION ai } My staff and I would like to thank the Conference Board, the Board of Review, the City Attorney and his assistants, and the City Staff for their assistance, cooperation and confidence i i; during the past year. I would also like to recognize and thank MY staff taining the at this time for their part in establishing and main- professional standards of the office. i 6 TOTAL $ 454,407,598 7 /r b� 1986 ABSTRACT OF ASSESSMENT FOR IOWA CITY Value of Agricultural land and structures $ 3,289,203 Value of Residential Dwellings on Agricultural Realty 1,208,010 Value of Residential Lots & Buildings 734,394,558 Value of Commercial Lots & Buildings 376,014,043 Value of Industrial Lots & Buildings 31,458,600 is Value of Industrial Machinery & Commercial Equipment as Real Estate 32,720,338 r *Actual Value Of all Real Estate XI $1,179,084,752 * All the above values are based on the 1986 reported to the Iowa State abstract as i Department of Revenue July 1, 1986. The 1986 values for Railroad and Utility Property to the are supplied Auditor by the Iowa State Department of Revenue not available at this time. The value of railroads in Iowa City for and are utilities and 1985 was $60,689,887. EXEMPT PROPERTY IN IOWA CITY FOR 1986 Religious Institutions 25,433,980 Charitable and Benevolent Societies %! 31, 367, 580 Educational Institutions ?- Low Rent Housing 88,780 3,927,420 �i Associations of War Veterans Pollution Control 168,990 P Forest and Fruit 56,250 Partial Industrial 239,201 University of Iowa (As 1,075,070 reported by SUI) 392,050,327 TOTAL $ 454,407,598 7 /r b� VALUE COMPARISONS WITH ROLLBACKS APPLIED STATE STATE YEAR ORDERS TYPE VALUE ROLLBACK 1978* 1979 - 8% 8% +34% + 9% 1980 1981* +27$ 1982 Agricultural $ 2,168,341 Ag Dwellings 766,750 Residential 362,260,123 Commercial 174,322,260 Industrial 13,864,630 M. & E. 16,112,131 ------------ TOTAL $569,494,235 Agricultural 2,033,486 Ag Dwellings 707,627 Residential 500,939,124 Commercial 197,369,090 Industrial 14,286,490 M. & E. 20,434,123 TOTAL $735,769,940 Agricultural 1,951,348 Ag Dwellings 676,859 Residential 517,484,797 Commercial 203,280,646 Industrial 14,557,630 M. & E. 23,844,555 TOTAL $761,795,835 Agricultural 2,709,516 Ag Dwellings 1,282,450 Residential 567,708,490 Commercial 241,461,259 Industrial 18,061,000 M. & E. 23,896,352 TOTAL $855,119,067 Agricultural 2,715,327 Ag Dwellings 1,273,010 Residential 578,185,848 Commercial 248,471,689 Industrial 19,037,660 M. & E. 33,688,245 TOTAL $883,371,779 0 .962480 .962480 .782516 1.0 1.0 1.0 .946706 .946706 .643801 .889872 1.0 1.0 .990951 .990951 .667355 .931854 1.0 1.0 .957039 .647793 .647793 .878423 .969619 1.0 .995711 .672223 .672223 .916331 1.0 1.0 AW. VALUE $ 2,086,985 737,982 283,474,342 174,322,260 13,864,630 16,112,131 $490,598,330 1,925,113 669,915 322,505,109 175,633,227 14,286,490 20,434,123 $535,453,977 1,933,690 670,734 345,346,067 189,427,883 14,557,630 23,844,555 $575,780,559 2,593,112 830,762 367,757,586 212,105,124 17,512,289 23,896,352 $624,695,225 2,703,681 855,747 388,669,825 227,682,311 19,037,660 33,688,245 $672,637,469 %f VALUE COMPARISONS CONT. STATE YEAR ORDER TYPE VALUE STATE ROLLBACK AAT. VALUE 1983* +36$ Agricultural 3,687,530 .865024 3,189,802 Ag Dwellings 1,458,620 Residential .698754 1,019,217 665,822,880 Commercial 309,092,490 .698754 .917230 465,246401 j , 283,508,905 Industrial 27,788,340 .974567 27,081,599 **M. & E. 31,053,824 1.0 31,053,824 TOTAL $1,038,903,684 $ 811,099,748 1984 Agricultural 3,585,908 .900058 3,227,525 Ag Dwellings 1,480,660 .724832 1,073,244 Residential 686,797,678 .724832 497,812,935 Nj Commercial 334,805,992 .954242 319,485,939 Industrial 28,430,500 1.0 28,430,500 **M. & E. 28,913,025 1.0 28,913,025 TOTAL $1,084,013,783 $ 878,943,168 r. 1985* Agricultural 3,503,787 .935922 3,279,271 Ag Dwellings 1,269,610 .756481 960 436 Residential 724,508 730 , ,089 - Commercial 369,476,553 Industrial .987948 365,023,621 29,145,510 **M. & E. 1.0 29,145,510 29,306,071 1.0 29,306,071 TOTAL $1,157,210,261 $ 975,791,998 i _! 1986 Agricultural 3,289,203 1.0 3,289,2 03 Ag Dwelling 1,208,010 Residential .773604 93 521 r, 734,394,558 Commercial 376,014,043 .773604 1.0 568,130,568 Industrial 31,458,600 1.0 376,014,043 31,458,600 **M. & E. 32,720,338 1.0 32,720,338 __- TOTAL $1,179,084,752 $1,012,547,273 i. The adj. values given are not exact but are meant to give a representation of the growth of Iowa City's tax base. * Reassessment year **New acquisitions of computers and industrial machinery assessed at 30% of cost beginning in 1983. 9 ;�w COMPARISON OF RESIDENTIAL, COMMERCIAL ASSESSED VALUES APT OTHER YEAR RESIDENTIAL _ COMMERCIAL COMMERCIAL & 1978 362,260,123 60.3 1979 500,939,124 65.3 i 1980 517,484,797 65.3 5' I 1981 567,708,490 64.1 E". 1982 578,185,848 63.2 99,388,876 10.9 149,082,813 16.3 1983 665,822,880 62.2 125,352,040 11.7 183,740,450 17.2 1984 686,797,678 61.0 141,599,710 12.6 193,206,282 17.2 is 1985 724,508,730 60.2 62,129,009 13.5 207,347,544 17.2 1986 734,394,558 61.4 165,055,059 13.8 210,958,986 17.6 TAXABLE VALUES i' 1978 283,474,342 54.3 1979 322,505,109 56.9 1980 345,346,067 56.9 1981 367,757,586 56.1 v. 1982 388,669,825 55.2 91,073,108 12.9 136,609,203 19.4 1983 465,246,401 55.2 114,976,652 13.7 168,532,253 20.0 1984 497,812,935 54.1 135,120,390 14.7 184,365,549 20.0 1985 548,077,089 53.6 160,175,030 15.7 204,848,591 20.0 1986 568,130,568 55.2 165,055,059 16.0 210,958,986 20.5 * Prior to 1982 the breakdown of commercial apt. & commercial other ** Personal Property is no longer included in this total. 10 AND INDUSTRIAL VALUES TOTAL % COMMERCIAL_ -_ 25,863,855 174,322,260 29.0 197,369,090 25.8 203,280,646 25.6 241,461,259 27.2 248,471,689 27.2 309,092,490 28.9 334,805,992 29.8 369,476,553 30.7 376,014,043 31.4 174,322,260 33.4 175,633,227 31.0 189,427,883 31.2 212,105,124 32.3 227,682,311 32.3 283,508,905 33.7 319,485,939 34.7 365,023,621 35.7 376,014,043 36.5 INDUSTRIAL % OTHER -_ 25,863,855 4.3 38,176,534 6.4 29,942,864 3.9 38,647,401 5.0 31,514,293 4.0 40,644,636 5.1 33,244,551 3.8 43,861,768 4.9 42,764,895 4.7 45,128,282 4.9 51,406,480 4.8 43,709,714 4.1 60,793,394 5.4 42,534,924 3.8 67,615,591 5.6 41,954,152 3.5 74,181,825 6.2 11,443,811 1.0 ** 25,863,855 5.0 29,942,864 5.3 31,514,293 5.2 32,695,840 5.0 42,764,895 6.1 50,699,739 6.0 60,793,394 6.6 67,615,591 6.6 74,181,825 7.2 38,066,410 7.3 38,501,316 6.8 401620,853 6.7 43,293,676 6.6 441699,373 6.4 42,772,586 5.1 42,176,541 4.6 41,420,462 4.1 11,170,322 1.1 ** is not available, total commercial value is shown. 11 1986 TOP TAXPAYERS EXCLUDING UTILITIES ASSESSED BY THE STATE RANK NAMETAXABLE 1 James & Loreettta Clark 2 $14,956,694 � Procter & Gamble 3 14,242,497 Old Capitol Center Mall 4 11,792,250 i Owens Brush x 5 9,951,507 American Co llege Testing i 6 9,923,894 �! H.P. Smith 7 8,426,745 Holiday Inn :. 8 7,903,730 Seville Corp. 9 7,062,012 ?-' Sycamore Mall 10 6,752,640 N.C.S. Learning Corp. 11 6,495,707 ^? Sheller -Globe 12 6,350,026 Southgate Development 13 6,094,965 Thomas & Betts l� 14 Moore 5,9671948 Business Forms 15 5,952,088 H.J. Heinz 16 5,108,056 Lakeside Apartments r 17 4,649,630 ;!I Mark IV Investors 18 4,502,31- ' Bon -Aire & Tom Alberhasky 19 4,467,468 Hawkeye Real Estate Investment 4,232,995 20 Iowa state Bank 21 4,088,480 HyVee 22 3,809,520 Edwin & Ethel Barker 23 3,429,980 Towncrest Investment Assoc. 24 3,382,912 Ken, Shirley & Kurt Ranshaw 3,334,267 25 Highlander Partnership 3,275,300 12 w Mr COMPARISON OF TAX RATE PER THOUSAND AS COMPILED BY THE CITY ASSESSOR'S OFFICE, DES MOINES, IOWA. CITY TAX RATE PAYABLE IN: 13 w� 1984-85 1985-86 1986-87 I I I AMES 25.88125 26.91170 26.76482 � f BOONE 38.22322 35.25653 34.83126 CEDAR RAPIDS 32.13690 31.43024 31.46124 CLINTON 31.54276 31.14527 30.41426 1 DAVENPORT 34.05818 34.00984 34.76404 DES MOINES 36.86194 37.60348 38.78640 i DUBUQUE 33.77372 33.74401 33.09961 yr„ FT. DODGE 32.26694 31.95539 32.28426 FT. MADISON 28.40058 28.91496 29.29671 IOWA CITY 27.64801 27.48065 27.35531 KEOKUE 33.64070 32.71196 33.96449 i MARSHALLTOWN 32.89499 32.06193 31.09215 MASON CITY 28.01799 28.53992 27.94207 NEWTON 30.61077 30.06012 31.92587 i SIOUX CITY 38.10312 37.85616 37.89929 WATERLOO 32.01984 32.18182 33.64113 i 13 w� IOWA CITY ASSESSORS PROGRAM DIVISION STATEMENT FY 188 DIVISION PURPOSE: The Purpose Of the Iowa City Assessors Office is to find, list and value for tax purposes, all real and personal property in Iowa city and maintain records for all parcels in Iowa City. DIVISION GOALS: To establish values on all commercial industrial, agricultural and residential property within the Ci equitable manner based on actual physi 'y Of Iowa City in the most cal aspects of the property and all the pertinent sales data available; to improve the efficiency by which these assessments are made; to Provide prompt and courteous response to all inquiries for information. GENERAL DIVISION OBJECTIVES: 1. Receive calls and inquiries and dispense information efficiently and on a timely basis. 2. Complete all daily record changes and related duties as received. 3. On a quarterly basis review in the field all new con- struction and demolitions and by January 1, 1988 make final review of said construction and demolition' 4. Prepare forms and get signatures for all new homestead and military credits by July 1, 1988. 5. Remove all homestead and military credits from the Permanent file for those who are no longer to receive the credit by July 1, 1988. 6. Prepare and got signatures On all other new annua making sure forms, they are in compliance with all lawls and rules, by their statutory dates. 7. Receive and review tentative equalization orders from the State Department of Revenue in August, 1987. 14 AW -I GENERAL DIVISION OBJECTIVES CONT 8• Receive final equalization orders October 1, , 1987. Accept formal written protests for the Special Board of Review Session from October 15 to October 25, coordinate the Board 1987 of Review s and pecial Session from October 15 to November 15, 1987. 10. Accept formal written Protests for the Board of Review from April 16 to May of Review meetings durin19y and coordinate the Board May y 1988. 11. Hold preliminary meetings and the annual budget b Public hearings to adopt 9 March y 15, 1988. ei 12• prepare and submit annual abstract by July 1, 13. 1988. Prepare and distribute to Conference Board members the annual report by December 31, 1987. NEW DIVISION OBJECTIVES: 1• Continue the Program started in 1985 in which we are wassunable tosinspect ithe terties onVanguard onthe Interior. 2• Input property record card data on the new valuation program so that in the future our residential computations can be computer generated. 3• Design and implement computer. programs on the office micro- 4• hs Review sales as they occur to keep our values at the mandated level. 5. Look into acquiring new mapping to replace our antiquated and deteriorating mapping. This would be a joint effort With the Johnson County Assessor be and the mapping would used by the Johnson County Auditor along with the staff of Iowa City and Johnson County. 4< 15 ,w 1 PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENTS: The median sales ratio (median) is the middle sales ratio and a measure of the % of our assessment to the actual sales prices. The coefficient of dispersion (C.O.D.) is a measure of assessment uniformity based on the degree to which individual sales ratios vary from the median sales ratio. The goal of the Iowa City Assessor is to keep this C.O.D. below 10. A C.O.D. Of 10 is considered excellent and attained each year by only 3 to 5% of the 113 assessing Jurisdictions in Iowa. The following table shows the median, C.O.D., and the number of deed sales for Iowa City residential property since the assessments went to the 100% level in 1975. *Data based on 1st 9 months only. 16 /r I= MEDIAN C.O.D. NO, OF SALES Assessment year 1975 87.10 10.36 682 1976 76.30 11.38 681 1977 65.10 12.10 840 Assessment year 1978 74.70 9.83 639 State orders 1979 91.80 9.40 551 1980 87.85 8.69 394 Assessment year 1981 88.90 8.74 393 1982 87.30 9.38 299 Assessment year 1983 94.00 7.19 544 1984 92.65 7.97 447 Assessment year 1985 96.15 8.27 448 *1986 95.57 8.78 445 *Data based on 1st 9 months only. 16 /r The fallowing is a tabulation of the commercial properties for the same period. i Because of the small number of sales, one or two bad sales can greatly influence the performance measurements, therefore creating more fluctuation in the measurements. DIVISION ANALYSIS: While the program division statement is on the fiscal year, the remainder of the annual report is based on the assessment year which is the calendar year. The annual report has more meaning when based on the assessment year, since the state equalization orders come in a different fiscal year than the biennial reappraisal which the orders are to equalize. 17 '0 YEAR MEDIAN C.O.D. N0. OF SALES Assessment year 1975 84.30 19.75 14 1976 72.30 13.19 18 1977 62.90 28.20 27 I� Assessment year 1978 84.60 13.49 12 , State orders 1979 78.00 16.66 15 1980 80.85 22.69 12 Assessment year 1981 87.55 10.07 14 1982 78.00 10.25 8 Assessment year 1983 87.85 10.58 26 1984 80.32 18.16 14 Assessment year 1985 82.00 12.63 16 *1986 94.28 9.21 13 *First 9 months only. i i Because of the small number of sales, one or two bad sales can greatly influence the performance measurements, therefore creating more fluctuation in the measurements. DIVISION ANALYSIS: While the program division statement is on the fiscal year, the remainder of the annual report is based on the assessment year which is the calendar year. The annual report has more meaning when based on the assessment year, since the state equalization orders come in a different fiscal year than the biennial reappraisal which the orders are to equalize. 17 '0 FY88 BUDGET DISCUSSION/ INFORMAL COUNCIL MEETING January 19, 1987 FY88 Dud et Discussion/Informal Council Meeting: 5:30 P.M. at the Highlander T ayor Ambrisco press mai g Council Present: Ambrisco, Strait, Zuber, Dickson, McDonald, Courtney, Baker. Staff Present: Atkins, Melling, Karr, Vitosh, O'Malley, Kimble, Moen. Tape-recording: Reel 87-C1, Side 2, 1 -End; 87-C3, Side 1, 1 -End, Side 2, 1-59. Ambrisco stated the purpose of this meeting was for all Councilmembers to discuss the City Manager's proposed FY88 budget. City Manager Atkins presented a summary of the critical issues associated with the budget and with long-term financial planning. Atkins noted over 300 copies of the Citizens' Summary - 1987-88 Proposed Budget City of Iowa City. Atkins used the following overhead projection transparencies as a basis for discussion: F. FY88 BUDGET ISSUES LACK OF UMBRELLA LIABILITY INSURANCE COVERAGE. Atkins said this year's budget will have $1 million of coverage and a $400,000 reserve fund to pro- tect the City against any liabilities. USE OF SPECIAL RESERVE FUNDS TO MEET THE MAINTENANCE/OPERATIONAL NEEDS. Atkins referred to Councilmembers to page 10 of the Citizens' Summary. Atkins said the use of the Parkland Acquisition Fund, Recreational Facilities Fund and Perpetual Care Trust Fund will not place the City in any significant financial jeopardy. In response to Strait, Atkins stated that the Parkland Acquisition Fund will have a balance of an estimated $300,000 at the end of the current fiscal year. Atkins proposed monies used from the special re- serve funds be repaid over an estimated five year period. PURCHASE OF MAJOR, EQUIPMENT IN FIRE DEPARTMENT FROM CURRENT REVENUES - $450,000. Atkins referred Councilmembers to page 8, Citizens' Summary. Atkins said about $40,000 for the purchase of the fire equipment, will come out of current revenues and approximately $450,000 is available from the Federal revenue sharing balance for the fire truck. Atkins proposed the City begin a depreciation reserve in FY89 for fire apparatus. NO BUILDINGS/FACILITIES IMPROVEMENTS PLANNED DUE TO AN INABILITY TO FUND. Atkins stated the City cannot afford any building/facility improvements. ADDITIONAL VOTED EXPENDITURES (POOLS) WHILE EXPERIENCING DECLINING REVENUE CAPACITY. Atkins explained $37,000 of General fund monies is currently budgeted for pool operating expenses in FY88 and $80,000 in FY89. GENERAL FUND RESERVES TOO LOW, JEOPARDIZE OUR ABILITY TO RESPOND TO A CRISIS OR OPPORTUNITY. Atkins said the City's General Fund position is too low. r-, -7 MINUTES FY88 BUDGET DISCUSSION/INFORMAL COUNCIL MEETING JANUARY 19, 1987 PAGE 2 SEVERE REDUCTIONS IN TRANSIT SERVICE AND FINANCIAL AID TO SOCIAL SERVICE AGENCIES - SERVICE REDUCTION IN LIBRARY HOURS. Atkins referred Council - members to pages 13 and 14, Citizens' Summary. Atkins said estimated reduc- tions are $400,000 for Transit, $65-$70,000 for social service agencies, and $56,000 for Library services. REDUCE CAPITAL BOND INSURANCE CAPABILITY. Atkins said a $1.3 million bond issue is anticipated for the FY88 budget and debt service is 22% of the City's total levy (the limit is 25% of the total levy). NO TAX CAPACITY TO FUND SERVICE INCREASED PROPOSALS. Atkins said the City's current General tax rate is 7.1%; State law imposes an 8.1% limit. Atkins noted the City had capital outlay at $1.3 million and service cuts of $550,000 and no new capital programs are planned. ADDITIONAL LOSSES IN STATE AND FEDERAL SUPPORT. Atkins said the City re- ceived $170,000 in Federal transit operating assistance, $300,000 from the Federal government for the capital assistance program, $700,000 in COBB funds, and $340,000 from the State Municipal Assistance Program. Atkins stated that all of those programs could be jeopardized by Congressional and/or legislative changes. Atkins noted a higher degree of State regulation is anticipated regarding the City's landfill operations. Strait asked Ambrisco for comments regarding the City's insurance coverage. Ambrisco said the City's implementation of risk management practices and internal safety measures have been beneficial to the City. Ambrisco said the City's liability limits are too low but there are ways to handle large ^, losses. Ambrisco said the City's bonding capacity could be jeopardized if liability limits are not sufficient. Ambrisco noted the lack of liability coverage is cyclical and things are being done to mitigate the problems. In response to Strait, Atkins said it would be policy that money borrowed from the Parkland Acquisition Fund would be repaid under a five year repay- ment schedule. Strait asked Council if there could be a discussion about increase in transit fares to 75 cents. Atkins said staff can prepare information about the impact of raising transit fares to 75 cents. Ambrisco stated ridership on City buses declined by 15% two months ago and 19% last month. McDonald said the possibility of increasing transit fares should be discussed before final decisions about the transit systems are made. ASSESSED VALUATION Atkins reviewed valuations on assessments 1980 through 1986 compared with growth in the CPI for those same years. Atkins said the CPI grew at a greater rate than the assessed valuation during many of the years. Atkins raised concerns that with an increase in inflation, expenditures will out- strip the City's ability to raise revenues. S-2, MINUTES FY88 BUDGET DISCUSSION/INFORMAL COUNCIL MEETING JANUARY 19, 1987 PAGE 3 WOULD MAXIMUM PROPERTY TAX LEVY PROVIDE SUFFICIENT FUNDING TO MEET ALL BUDGET E S Atkins stated if levies were increased to the maximum in FY88, residential property tax would increase 32 percent and all budget requests would still not be funded. GENERAL FUND Atkins presented an overview for the General Fund, including budgets, person- nel, commodities, service charges, capital outlay, transfers and contingency. Atkins explained the major increases in capital outlay is due to fire equip- ment, park projects and police cars. CITY EMPLOYEES Atkins said City employees make major contributions to the area's economy. PROPERTY TAX Atkins said a homeowner would pay an additional $63 in property taxes in FY88, based on an average residential home valued at ;68,450. AVERAGE RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY Atkins used a comparison of assessed valuation and City taxes to demonstrate taxes as a percentage of valuation/wealth. Atkins said that taxes as a percentage of valuation has not changed dramatically over the years. PORTION OF HOUSEHOLD INCOME Atkins said the chart demonstrates the portion of a person's income that is devoted to the purchase of City services has not dramatically changed over the years. Zuber noted additional fees charged by the City such as for water and sewer are additional burden on a household income. In response to Strait, Atkins said the impact on a person living on a fixed income should not have changed dramatically because the cost -of -living increases to social security are nearly the same as the increases in the CPI over those years. i. FY88 CAPITAL IMPROVEMENTS PROJECT Atkins presented a chart demonstrating FY88 project costs and FY88 GO bond issues for the FY88 CIP. AID TO AGENCIES McDonald raised concerns about reducing the aid to agencies as proposed by the City Manager. Zuber stated not all of the human service agencies should be cut by 40 percent and agencies should not be treated equally. Atkins stated an additional $70,000 would be needed to raise the aid to agencies allocations to meet the FY87 funding level. Courtney noted that some of the agencies received other funding contingent on the amount of funding received -1 MINUTES FY88 BUDGET DISCUSSION/INFORMAL COUNCIL MEETING JANUARY 19, 1987 PAGE 4 from the City. McDonald stated joint human service funding hearings have improved the process to determine funding levels by City, County and United Hay. McDonald stated the aid to agencies should be at least maintained at the same level of funding as last year. In response to Ambrisco, McDonald stated the City has funded the majority of the agencies since 1977. Council agreed the FY88 appropriation for the aid to agencies budget should be estab- lished at the FY87 amount, $189,509. Zuber referred to the FY88 Bud et Issues Chart and stated that "service reduction in library hours sou not be included because Council did not take any action on that issue. i Courtney inquired about the proposed recreation facilities capital programs expenditure. Atkins said the items are capital expenditures. Courtney stated items such as picnic tables and playground equipment will eventually need to be replaced. In response to Courtney, Vitosh explained funds for those types of expenditures have not been allocated on an annual basis. Courtney in- quired about Council's policy regarding the use of the Parkland Acquisition Fund. Courtney stated Council should discuss the use of that fund if changes are saidi made. is staff discussed hehotel/motel recommended thattheParklandAcquisitionFundprovide $90,000 for park items and the Recreational Facilities Fund provide $58,500 for the Recreation Center programs. In response to Courtney, Vitosh said that $90,000 is not part of the 15 percent allocation from the hotel/motel tax. Vitosh explained. the Parkland Acquisition Fund is larger than the Recrea- tional Facilities Fund because the sales proceeds from Central Junior High School land and Elm Grove Park was put in the Parkland Acquisition Fund. Vitosh said a portion of the proceeds from the hotel/motel tax is put into the Parkland Acquisition Fund. McDonald explained Council has decided to put 10% of the hotel/motel tax allocations into the Parkland Acquisition Fund. Baker noted the proposed FY88 budget does not include a transfer of $10,000 from the General Fund to the Parkland Acquisition Fund. In response to Baker, Atkins said a multi-year capital plan for parks and recreation has not been developed and the proposed use of reserve funds for capital expenditures is a one-time expenditure. Baker referred to page 20 of the proposed CIP and stated it is proposed to use monies available in the parkland acquisition reserve for the FY89 Scott Boulevard project. Vitosh said Parks and Recreation Division has discussed using the Parkland Acquisi- tion Fund for development of parkland. Baker said the Council needs to discuss any changes in the parkland acquisition reserve policy. McDonald said it is not a major shift in policy to use monies from the Parkland Acqui- sition Fund for a one-time expenditure. Vitosh stated there needs to be an ongoing program for maintenance and replacement of park and recreation equip- ment. In response to McDonald, Vitosh stated $20,000 of the hotel/motel tax annual revenues are put into the Parkland Acquisition Fund. Melling said Council had not intended to use the Recreational Facilities Fund for expenses in the park, but to use the fund for construction of recreation facilities, espe- cially a swimming pool. Council agreed to the City Manager's recommendation to use the Parkland Acquisition Fund to provide $90,000 and the Recreational MINUTES FY88 BUDGET DISCUSSION/ INFORMAL COUNCIL MEETING JANUARY 19, 1987 PAGE 5 Facilitis ous ms on a one-timeebasis dOnly. prAtkins ;stated a memorandum 58,500 to fund irelated itolbudgea to budget policies established by Council will be prepared upon adoption of the budget. Baker inquired about the proposed purchase of fire equipment. Atkins stated information regarding the purchase of fire equipment is located on page eight of the Citizen's Summary. Strait asked what happens to appropriated monies that are unspent because of the City's receiving lower than anticipated bids. Vitosh stated it is being proposed to use Federal Revenue Sharing monies for the purchase of fire equipment and unspent monies would be reallocated to the Federal Revenue Sharing fund. Atkins said the money could then be reappro- priated. Council discussed purchasing used fire equipment and renovating existing fire equipment. In response to Baker, Atkins said there was $450,000 in the Federal Revenue Sharing account. Atkins explained the Gen- eral Fund will be used for the other $40,000 of fire equipment expenditures. Baker asked what is meant by decertification. Atkins said the ladder trucks must be annually certified, the 1948 truck is no longer able to pass'certifi- cation requirements, and the 1971 truck needs a new drive train. Ambrisco noted that if fire equipment is not certified to satisfy the Underwriter's Laboratory, a change in the City's fire rate may occur. Baker suggested asking Coralville to contribute to the cost of a new fire truck. Atkins stated he will contact Coralville regarding future plans to purchase fire equipment. Vitosh said a replacement schedule has been prepared for fire equipment and the rehabilitation of the 1971 truck is scheduled for FY89. Baker asked when the proposed changes in transit will be discussed. Atkins said discussion with boards and commission is scheduled for Monday, January 26. Baker asked that a representative from the Airport Commission attend Monday's meeting. In response to McDonald, Atkins stated information can be prepared on the effect of 60 cents to 75 cents transit fare. Atkins explained insurance costs were assigned to transit to show an accurate cost of the expense of operating transit. Vitosh said insurance costs were assigned to rprise Fund: parking, sewer, water, landfill and the departments in the Entebeen limit. McDonald yexpla explained C Council established has sixpercent asked thie t raised tax increase. Atkins said there remains $60,000 worth of additional levying capacity. Baker asked what savings have occurred by assigning maintenance costs from the Equipment Division into the Transit Division. Atkins said the equipment maintenance was reduced to $550,000 and a formal cost accounting system will be established to accurately identify all costs. Vitosh said the actual cost of maintaining buses would be billed to Transit. Vitosh said et ythis ear obtainTransit three buses and elinext m nate five edd three buses and gmore�buses.d of Atkins e old bsaid 27uses dbuses are needed to maintain the transi�hssch dolesHel ma ilinnance said ap ogr msm onnumber of buses are needed to keep up preventive buses. the Strait inquired about the reduction of Transit personnel. osedtkins and thedCity reduction of nine full-time equivalent positions is proposed would meet with AFSCME representatives to determine how those positions would re ion about eliminated Atkins stated that he will preai bers. �nZubertsuggested thatice if reductions in programs proposedby Council mem 1_ 1;L1 r MINUTES FY88 BUDGET DISCUSSION/ INFORMAL COUNCIL MEETING JANUARY 19, 1987 PAGE 6 a Council member wants to make an addition to the budget, that Council member should also propose a way to fund that addition. Baker asked when Council will discuss additional sources of revenue. Atkins said Council should seek input from a citizens' advisory group regarding implementation of various means to raise additional revenues. McDonald said a citizens' group should be established now. Ambrisco asked Council members to submit names for the citizens' group and stated Council will appoint the Committee. Zuber in- quired about changes in fee schedules. Vitosh said the fee schedules will be reviewed and recommendations will be made to Council before the start of the next fiscal year. Baker suggested contacting area legislators to discuss local tax options. Ambrisco stated he is meeting with area legislators tomor- row at a legislative conference. Courtney stated the City Clerk request for audio equipment should be given consideration. Karr stated preliminary estimates of $7,500 for the audio equipment have been received; the taping of Council meetings is required by law; and better equipment would improve record-keeping. Meeting adjourned at 7:25 p.m. rw I JOINT MEETING OF THE IOWA CITY CITY COUNCIL AND JOHNSON COUNTY BOARD OF SUPERVISORS January 21, 1987 Joint meeting of the Iowa C and Board u ng, econd F1oor.y'Chairperson Ockenfelsapresidingnty Administration. Council present: Ambrisco, Courtney, Dickson, McDonald, Strait, Zuber. Absent: Baker. Supervisors present: Ockenfels, Donnelly, Sehr, Myers. Absent: Burns. Board of Supervisor Ockenfels called the meeting to order at 4:05 p.m. The following items were discussed: SCOTT BOULEVARD/LOCAL ROAD UPDATE: Myers stated the County and State still have disagreement regarding $140,000 of funding for the project. Atkins said City staff is proceeding with the planning of the project; negotiations are being held with three property owners to obtain right-of-way; the City anticipates selling a bond in the City's upcoming budget to fund the City's share of the pro- ject; and BDI's serious financial problems may impact on the project. Ambrisco said the Board and Council are in agreement on the project and it is vital to economic development for the area. Myers noted the Board of Supervisors has concerns that the original engineer's estimate for the right-of-way purchase of the County's portion is under -estimated. Ambrisco stated the City Council still wants to proceed with the project. HUMAN SERVICES FUNDING: McDonald said the joint hearings involving the City, County, and United way have taken place and the subcommittee has scheduled a meeting on Friday, January 30, at 7:00 a.m. to formulate recommendations. HOSPICE FUNDING: Ockenfels said this is the first year Hospice has requested funding from the County, City, and United Way and duplication of services by Hospice and VNA need to be addressed. Ockenfels suggested the City and County adopt a policy to not fund Hospice and ask them to meet with VNA to coor- dinate services. Ockenfels emphasized Hospice is a very good agency, but proposed changes involving the Medicare Program and duplication of serv- ices should be discussed. Penney noted the Hospice client load had in- creased dramatically. Sehr noted the Hospice proposed use of the Medicare Program could increase paperwork and staff requirements. Ockenfels sug- gested the Joint Human Services Subcommittee study the Hospice funding request. McDonald asked Penney to prepare information about Hospice's proposed changes and the impact on other programs. ml MINUTES JOINT MEETING OF THE AND JOHNSON COUNTY JANUARY 21, 1987 PAGE 2 IOWA CITY CITY COUNCIL BOARD OF SUPERVISORS JOINT HUMAN SERVICE FACILITY: McDonald distributed information regarding interest in a joint human service facility. McDonald proposed that the County and City consider purchasing St. Patrick's Elementary School for the use of a joint human service facility. McDonald said long-term savings and a more efficient delivery of service could result from the establishment of a joint facil- ity. Ambrisco asked if any of the five agencies listed as the most probable prospects to benefit from a joint facility would require the use of the building seven days a week. Penney said none of the agencies listed are open and serving the public on weekends on a regular basis. In response to Ambrisco, McDonald said St. Patrick's has not appraised the property. McDonald guessed the property would cost an estimated $300,000, but there would be additional costs associated with renovation and making the build- ing handicapped accessible. In response to McDonald, Atkins said the City staff could do a preliminary site review of the property. Myers suggested involving United Way with the project. The City Council and Board of Supervisors agreed to the concept of purchasing the St. Patrick's property for the use as a joint human services facility. SLOTHOWER ROAD: Sehr stated the City Council has decided to not improve Slothower Road. Ambrisco said the City decided to not improve Slothower Road because of liability concerns and the $100,000 cost estimation by the City Engineer. Myers stated the road is currently being used and liability exists for the City of Iowa City. Sehr said it would cost $10,000 to make the road adequate for traffic. Myers asked if the City could adopt rules relating to limited liability roads. Schmeiser said the City distinguishes between classes of roads by establishing load limits. Melling stated the City Engineer developed minimum standards for road improvements for anticipated traffic level of 250 to 450 vehicles per day and the $104,000 cost estima- tion was based on those standards. Schmeiser explained that the City did not want to incur the cost of several thousand dollars to improve the road to the required minimum standards when expansion in that area of the city is not needed. Schmeiser raised concerns about the City's liability by accepting a road that is less than city standards. Councilmembers agreed to look at the road. ISSUANCE OF HOUSE MOVER PERMITS FOR BUILDING MOVED FROM IOWA CITY TO Sehr asked Iowa City to inform the County when permits are issued to allow house movers to move buildings from Iowa City to the County. SOUTH DUBUQUE STREET TRAFFIC PATTERNS: The Board of Supervisors requested the City allow two-way traffic to the east of their building on South Dubuque Street. In response to Myers, Atkins said he will direct the City Traffic Engineer to review the traffic MINUTES JOINT MEETING OF THE IOWA CITY CITY COUNCIL AND JOHNSON COUNTY BOARD OF SUPERVISORS JANUARY 21, 1987 PAGE 3 patterns on South Dubuque Street and prepare a report. The Board of Supervisors and Councilmembers discussed current traffic patterns in the area, the cement island at Benton and Dubuque streets, and the City's construction plans to widen the Benton Street bridge. The meeting adjourned at 5:20 p.m. fJ C7 N,1 1.4 yl tf� tZ.,f T.� :}1 �l L`) f) r;t P'1 Y(; }t;ia A