HomeMy WebLinkAbout1984-08-14 Info PacketCity of Iowa City
MEMORANDUM
DATE: August 3, 1984
TO: City Council
FROM: City Manager
RE: Informal Agendas and Meeting Schedule
August 7, 1984 Tuesday
NO INFORMAL COUNCIL MEETING - SUMMER SCHEDULE
August 13, 1984 Monday
6:30 - 8:30 P.M. Conference Room
6:30 P.M. - Tour of new downtown Holiday Inn
7:15 P.M. - Review zoning matters
7:30 P.M. - Congregate Housing Coordinating Committee update
7:45 P.M. - Parking Rate Increase
8:10 P.M. - Use of Transit Interchange by Commuter Service
8:30 P.M. - Council agenda, Council time, Council committee reports
August 14, 1984 Tuesday
7:30 P.M. - Regular Council Meeting, Council Chambers
August 21, 1984 Tuesday
NO INFORMAL COUNCIL MEETING - SUMMER SCHEDULE
August 27, 1984 (Incomplete Agenda) Monday
6:30 - 8:30 P.M. Conference Room
6:30 P.M. Review Zoning Matters
8:00 P.M. - Council agenda, Council time, Council committee reports
8:20 P.M. - Consider appointments to the Board of Electrical Examiners
and Appeals and the Committee on Community Needs
August 28, 1984 Tuesday
7:30 P.M. - Regular Council Meeting - Council Chambers
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City Council
August 3, 1984
Page 2
PENDING LIST
Priority A:
Utility Franchise
Blackhawk Minipark Improvements Design
Shared Housing Program
Minimum Open Space Requirements (September 1984)
Priority B:
Duty/Procedure Changes - Housing and Inspection Services
Lower Ralston Creek Parcels - Use and Configuration
Congregate Housing Development Alternatives
Iowa Theater Type Problems
Northside Lighting Project Report
Housing Market Analysis Update
Energy Conservation Measures Funding Program
Newspaper Vending Machines'
Meet with representatives of Clear Creek Investment Co.
and First Capitol Development, Inc.
Bicycle Lane Designations and Markings (September 1984)
Priority C:
Housing Inspection Funding Policy
Willow Creek Park Sidewalk
North Dodge/Old Dubuque Road Project
Appointment to Riverfront Commission and United Action for
Youth Board - September 11, 1984
City of Iowa CL
MEMORANDUM
Date: August 1, 1984
To: City Council
From: City Manager A
Re: Financing of Central Business District Projects - Parking & Human
Services
The purpose of this memorandum is to discuss financing methods for the
construction of parking and the providing of office space for human service
agencies. In discussion of the Paul -Helen Building and the parking study
for the central business district, various financing ideas have developed
which I believe afford opportunities for the City to strengthen the central
business district, provide financing for additional parking and also will
financially support City maintenance of the central business district.
Parking
Some months ago the Council discussed the possibility of a mixed use building
on Block 64-1a, the parcel of land immediately adjacent to the hotel. In the
development of parking alternatives, it appears that part of the property
could be used for parking and the remainder for office and retail uses. It
is proposed that a portion of the first floor of the building along the Plaza
provide small retail shops, if a need exists, and parts of the upper floors
be devoted to office use. Perhaps a third of the depth of the building would
be used for office and retail and two-thirds for parking. The City would
construct the building. The retail and office areas would be presold as
condominiums so that the financing of those portions of the building would be
prefinanced. It may be possible for the City to issue industrial revenue
bonds to the purchasers of the retail and office space. In addition, the
purchasers of the office and retail space could purchase some limited parking
immediately adjacent to their locations. This would significantly increase
the attractiveness of the property.
The parking study will project long-term parking space need. It is suggested
that the City offer to sell condominium parking spaces for long-term parking
in either the Dubuque ramp or on the Block 64-1a site so that persons
desiring long-term parking will front-end the cost of that construction. All
other portions of the parking project would be funded through the eventual
issuance of parking revenue bonds.
The profit resulting from the sale of office and retail uses and the parking
spaces should be invested to provide Tong -term revenue for the maintenance
and improvement of the central business district. This could reduce the
amount of property tax currently allocated for that purpose.
�s�9
OF
PRECEDING
DOCUMENT
City of Iowa CL_
MEMORANDUM
Date: August 1, 1984
To: City Council
From: City Manager/��____'
Re: Financing of Central Business District Projects - Parking 8 Human
Services
The purpose of this memorandum is to discuss financing methods for the
construction of parking and the providing of office space for human service
agencies. In discussion of the Paul -Helen Building and the parking study
for the central business district, various financing ideas have developed
which I believe afford opportunities for the City to strengthen the central
business district, provide financing for additional parking and also will
financially support City maintenance of the central business district.
Parking
Some months ago the Council discussed the possibility of a mixed use building
on Block 64-1a, the parcel of land immediately adjacent to the hotel. In the
development of parking alternatives, it appears that part of the property
could be used for parking and the remainder for office and retail uses. It
is proposed that a portion of the first floor of the building along the Plaza
provide small retail shops, if a need exists, and parts of the upper floors
be devoted to office use. Perhaps a third of the depth of the building would
be used for office and retail and two-thirds for parking. The City would
construct the building. The retail and office areas would be presold as
condominiums so that the financing of those portions of the building would be
prefinanced. It may be possible for the City to issue industrial revenue
bonds to the purchasers of the retail and office space. In addition, the
purchasers of the office and retail space could purchase some limited parking
immediately adjacent to their locations. This would significantly increase
the attractiveness of the property.
The parking study will project long-term parking space need. It is suggested
that the City offer to sell condominium parking spaces for long-term parking
in either the Dubuque ramp or on the Block 64-1a site so that persons
desiring long-term parking will front-end the cost of that construction. All
other portions of the parking project would be funded through the eventual
issuance of parking revenue bonds.
The profit resulting from the sale of office and retail uses and the parking
spaces should be invested to provide long-term revenue for the maintenance
and improvement of the central business district. This could reduce the
amount of property tax currently allocated for that purpose.
1s79
In other communities the sale of parking spaces apparently has been met with
a great deal of interest. I have tried these ideas on a number of people who
thought they are very intriguing and certainly should be pursued. In fact,
the City has been contacted by a firm which is interested in acquiring a
considerable amount of office space in the building.
Human Services
The City Council has discussed the feasibility of acquiring space in the
Paul -Helen Building or elsewhere in the central business district for human
service agencies. Most of the human service agencies could be accommodated
in a central business district office building. The one exception is HACAP
which requires outdoor play areas.
It is suggested that the City investigate the formation of a non-profit
organization. The City Council would then issue industrial revenue bonds to
support the cost of improvements to a building either owned by the non-profit
corporation for this purpose or portions of a building, possibly purchasing
condominium space. The City could then pledge at least part of the UBAG
repayment from the hotel to support the IRBs. In the 25 year repayment
period, the UDAG repayments to the City will be in excess of $4 million. This
does not include the City's participation in hotel profits, for that amount
cannot be determined at this time. With a pledge of both the rent from these
agencies and a part of the UDAG repayment to the City, the IRB bonds could be
sold at more favorable rates.
Conclusion
It is important that the City Council and the community have an opportunity
to react to these financing mechanisms before they are submitted as specific
proposals to the City Council. However, I believe both ideas offer inter-
esting opportunities for the City, in a creative way, to improve the central
business district and meet parking and human service agency needs. Your
comnents will be appreciated.
/sp
15719
City of Iowa Ch,
MEMORANDUM
Date: July 31, 1984
To: City Council —�
From: City Manager/e.,�--� / 3;_ —
Re: Clear Creek Investment Company
In recent months, the Mayor and staff members have had several conversa-
tions with the Clear Creek Investment Company concerning development of a
research campus on approximately 200 acres of land which the Clear Creek
Investment Company owns adjacent to Melrose Avenue. An Agreement in
Principle is enclosed which describes the project and the uses which they
would like to develop on that property. These include research and
development laboratories, high technology production, engineering consult-
ing firms, computer related firms, regional distribution offices, profes-
sional service firms and supporting facilities. Such a development would
be exceedingly beneficial to the City and the University.
The Agreement in Principle includes certain supporting actions which Clear
Creek wishes the City to undertake. First, Clear Creek asks that the
project be recognized as a significant element of the short and long range
City plans so that orderly planning can be accomplished and that poten-
tial tenants recognize the City's commitment to the program. The owners
have reviewed the current zoning provisions. Only one problem appears. In
the IO -ORP Zone, production plants are permitted only as an accessory use.
In the high technology business, it is not unusual for product development
to take place and soon the production of that product is more significant
than the research and development. Production of this nature would not be
incompatible with the idea of the research campus. In fact, production
may not in any way change the appearance, the number of employees on the
site or the building. It would appear that a change in our ordinance
which would allow that kind of production would not only be beneficial for
this site but may be desirable for other sites. The City certainly should
give consideration to this suggestion.
Second, it is requested that the City consider use of industrial revenue
bonds. This proposal is certainly compatible with all the City's inter-
ests in utilizing IRBs for the purposes outlined in the proposal.
Three, it is requested that the City consider tax deferral on improvements
until they are placed into beneficial use. Chapter 4278 of the Code of
Iowa provides for tax deferrals or abatements for certain industrial
property. The City has never authorized the use of such abatements.
However the magnitude of the project and the significance of a specific
proposal for the City might have a bearing on the City Council's reconsid-
eration of this matter.
/syd
Page 2
Four, sewer and water be provided to the site. The City Engineer's
estimate for extending water and sewer service is enclosed. The north
sewer line may not be necessary because most of the property can be
serviced by the south sewer line. Water and sewer services to the site
will cost between $600,000 and $900,000. Funding of these extensions
could be handled in a number of ways so that it would be possible for the
developer to proceed with development.
Five, the developer wishes the City to generally assist in the promotion
of this project. It would appear that First Capitol Development, Inc.,
would be the entity to promote the development of such a research park in
Iowa City.
There are many reasons why development of this site as a research park
would be beneficial for the City. In addition, very few large attractive
sites are available coupled with a strong commitment from the owner to
develop a research park which is sensitive to the needs of Iowa City and
compatible with our long term economic growth needs.
It is recommended that this issue be scheduled for informal discussion and
that representatives of the Clear Creek Investment Co., and First Capitol
Development, Inc. be invited to attend. It appears that the best approach
is for First Capitol Development, Inc. to assume responsibility for
pursuing this program with representatives of Clear Creek, after the
Council discusses the issues.
/sp
cc: Clear Creek Investment Company
First Capitol Development, Inc.
/Sye
AGREEMENT IN PRINCIPLE
MAY 18, 1984 DRAFT
1. The purpose of this statement is to document understandings between the
City of Iowa City and the Clear Creek Investment Company with regard to the estab-
lishment and operation of a research campus at Iowa City.
2. With cooperation and assistance from the city, the Clear Creek Investment
Company will undertake to establish and operate the research campus with the intent
to achieve certain public and private goals.
3. The goals of this undertaking are:
I
i3.1 To strengthen the economic base of the City of Iowa City;
3.2 To provide employment opportunities within the Iowa City area;
3.3 To foster the relocation and creation of firms which utilize high
technology or which provide products or services which are needed by high tech-
nology institutions and to provide conditions which are conducive to sound growth
by these client firms;
3.4 To provide to society at large the benefits resulting from the
creation and application of high technology products and services;
3.5 To provide a return to the Clear Creek Investment Company commensurate
with the level ofinvestment, skill, effort and risk involved in the project; and
I 3.6 Other goals as the city and Clear Creek Investment Company shell ea-
tablish from time to time by mutual agreement.
4. The term "Clear Creek Investment Company" used herein shall be understood
to encompass associated entities as may be necessary from business or legal con -
/510
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sideration such as subcontractors. subsidiary firms, associate contractors and
i
i
joint venture or partnership firms. Introduction of any such entities shall not
j be intended to deviate from the spirit of this agreement.
i
5. Clear Creek Investment company will develop land. buildings and associated
I
f facilities for Bale and lease to client fires which will conduct operations at the
I '
research campus.
i
6. Examples of the types of enterprises which may be conducted include:
6.1 Research and development laboratories;
6.2 High technology light production plants;
6.3 Engineering and consulting firms;
6.4 Computer software development firms;
6.5 Computer sales and service firms;
i6.6 Computation services;
6.7 Regional representation and distribution firms;
6.8 Special facilities and services for new high technology enterprises;
6.9 Professional service firms,
6.10 racilities for professional meetings, and
6.11 Supporting facilities for lodging and recreation.
7. The principal site of the research campus shall be an land currently
i
owned by the Clear Creek Investment Company in western Iowa City. Approximately
200 acres shall be made available to this project.
i,
6. In recognition of the public benifits in general and the specific economic
/.5-dro
-3 -
benefits to the city. the city will undertake to accomplish the following actions.
8.1 Inclusion of the project in the short and long range city plane and
establishment of planning and zoning agreements so that orderly planning can be
accomplished and so that credible representations may be made to potential clients;
8.2 Establishment of industrial revenue bonding for the over-all project
and for client projects as they arias from time to time;
8.3 Provision for the defaT1 of property taxes on improvements until
they are placed into beneficial use;
8.4 Provision for sewer and water service to the site location; and
8.5 General promotion of the project by providing publicity, assisting
in client search and relocation. and other activities as would be helpful to the
project.
9. The Iowa Ci Council and the
� City Board of Directors of the Clear Creek
Investment Company support the provisions of this Agreement in Principle and will
work in a supportive manner to develop and refine necessary details of the agreement
and to take positive steps toward the accomplishment of the stated goals and actions
ao that the research campus can become an early reality, effecting the desired
economic and cultural benefits to the community and the Company.
John McDonald, Mayor
The City of Iowa City
Gene A. Marner, President
Clear Creek Investment Company
R9
A) Sanitary Sewer
1. South Sewer:
COST ESTIMATE
8,000 LF at $35/LF = $280,000
16 manholes at $1,500/manhole 24,000
$304,000
2. North Sewer: 7,000 LF at $35/LF $245,000
15 manholes at $1,500/manhole = 22,500
$267,500
TOTAL SEWER COSTS = $571,500 say $600,000
Note: Cost estimated for an average pipe size of 24 -inch diameter
and an average depth of 10 feet.
B) Water Main
TOTAL WATER MAIN COSTS = 13,200 LF at $22/LF = $290,400, say $300,000
Note: Cost estimated for a 12 -inch diameter DIP water main.
31'
1. Reese Greer
2. Clarence & Bernice Jacobs
3. Fred Neuzil
4. F. & M. Charbon
S. Hansjoerg Kolder
6. Donald Casady
7. Bernice Petsel
8. Alan Nagel
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S. Hansjoerg Bolder
6. Donald Casady
7. Bernice Petsel
8. Alan Nagel
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7. Bernice Petsel
8. Alan Nagel
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City of Iowa City
MEMORANDUM
Date: August 2, 1984
To: City Council
From: City Manager
Re: Newspaper Vending Machines
On July 27, 1984, the City Manager and the City Attorney met with representa-
tives of the news media to discuss newspaper vending machines. Attached is a
list of those persons who attended, together with their affiliation. The
consensus of the news media is that there is no need for a regulatory
ordinance. I suggested that their Constitutional concerns be sent to the
City Council.
The purpose of the meeting was to obtain suggestions or comments concerning
any proposed ordinance. There was some discussion concerning the desirabil-
ity of having banks of vending machines in the Plaza or perhaps even in the
central business district. While the news media are not enthusiastic about
this idea, it appears that most newspaper companies would agree to partici-
pate. However, I do not believe that all newspaper companies will willingly
participate. Under that set of circumstances, it will be extremely diffi-
cult to begin the program.
In areas outside the central business district there was recognition that if
there is to be a regulatory ordinance, it should only provide for insurance
or indemnification for the City. Virtually all the companies indicate that
they currently have insurance which protects the City.
I inquired as to whether or not the newspapers felt that they had a right to
unlimited advertising on the public right-of-way. They perceive that they
do have the right of unlimited advertising. We had some discussion about the
possibility of requiring newspaper vending machines to be permanently
installed on a concrete slab. Some vendors indicated that would be desirable
and others indicated that it would be undesirable.
These issues will be scheduled for informal discussion before preparation of
an ordinance proceeds. The Manager and the City Attorney wish to know what
provisions the Council wishes to include in an ordinance. Any proposal will
be sent to the news media for comment.
/sp
/�/
Meeting Concerning Newspaper Vending Machines
July 27, 1984
I
Staff Present: Neal Berlin, City Manager
Robert Jansen, City Attorney
News Representatives Present:
John Campbell, Iowa City Press -Citizen
J. C. Hickman, Publisher, Iowa City Press -Citizen
Ann Mittman, Cedar Rapids Gazette
Ken Slatter, Cedar Rapids Gazette
Dawn Ummel, Daily Iowan
Andy Harris, New York Times
Beatrice Toomey, Chicago Tribune, Wall Street Journal, and
Quad City Times
Joe Code, Press -Citizen
Bill Casey, Publisher, Daily Iowan
Joe Lakey, Cedar Rapids Gazette
Aq'Y
City of Iowa City
MEMORANDUM
Date: August 3, 1984
To: City Council
From: Drew Shaffer, Broadband Telecommunications Specialist
Dale Helling, Assistant City Manager
Re: Cablecasting of Informal Council Meetings
As requested, items for consideration concerning both live cablecasting and
video taping of informal Council meetings for later playbacks are included
below.
1. Personnel and crewing considerations
Ideally, for the best production possible, there should be five persons
available for cablecasting informal council meetings. The total time
commitment for each show would be approximately 30 hours. Given that the
current staff and interns already have time commitments filled to the
extent their job descriptions allow, it may be necessary to subcontract and
compensate additional assistance for this purpose. We could make use of a
work study person to assist in producing the program to a level of 5 hours
every week. Assuming the one-half time Production Assistant would be the
producer -director, which entails a 10 hour per shoot responsibility, this
would mean compensating that person for this overtime or upgrading that
position to full time. In addition, 15 hours every week in subcontracted
assistance may be necessary at an average pay schedule of $4 per hour, $60
per shoot and $3120 per year.
It may be possible nn occasion to make use of volunteer assistance on these
shoots. However, depending on such assistance would not result in consis-
tent, quality productions. There is not an adequate number of interns to
assume this responsibility.
2. Location
There are three possible locations for the cablecasting. The frequent high
attendance at informal council meetings would rule out the Conference Room
as a shooting location. The addition of necessary equipment, lights and
crew to the audience in the Conference Room's small quarters would lead to
an uncomfortable, crowded and hot environment for everyone involved.
The Council Chambers would be one of the best choices if shot in the
traditional format with Councilmembers at their designated seats. However,
if Council wishes to retain the round table approach this may result in
some problems including proper lighting for the cameras. If the round table
approach were selected in the Council Chambers, we would have to purchase
two additional light kits and umbrella -style reflectors at a cost of
approximately $2000. Additional considerations would be the extra set up
time necessary for shooting and the proximity of the audience to the raised
platform.
137-9—
The other alternative location frequently used for cablecast is Library
Room A. This comfortable, spacious setting would be a good selection, even
though some extra lighting would be required. However, it would be a new
location for informal council meetings and would require a substantial
effort to make the public aware of the change. Also, the Library has a
policy that no regular meetings can be scheduled in the meeting rooms on an
ongoing basis. This policy would have to be changed by the Library Board,
as would Council's policy of conducting all regular meetings and work
sessions at the Civic Center.
We would certainly be willing to do a test tape in any of the above
locations cited, or any other location the Council may desire. Such a test
could help to illustrate the advantages and disadvantages of each loca-
tion.
3. Equipment and Tape
Most of the equipment currently used for Council shoots, which is the same
equipment that would be used for the informal Council shoots, is owned by
Hawkeye CableVision. In order to secure the same equipment on a weekly
basis for the informal Council shoots, an agreement would have to be
negotiated with Heritage. However, this equipment is the same or is used
by other local access producers and some might feel the City is dominating
its use. The City could purchase the necessary equipment to cablecast
Council and other meetings at an estimated cost of $12,000.
4. Other Considerations
Some past Councilmembers have opposed cablecasting of informal sessions for
a variety of reasons, including concern that this would inhibit the free
exchange of comments, etc. between councilors, that some citizens might be
reluctant to attend and participate, and that informal meetings might
become lengthier.
Finally, additional video tape would need to be purchased. If each meeting
lasts an average of two hours, and there are 52 meetings a year, that is a
total of 104 hours a year. We will need approximately $160 for additional
video tape for this purpose. We will be reusing each video tape three times
before cycling it for other shooting purposes, thereby keeping the technical
quality of the video tape for the informal Council shoots quite high.
This matter can be scheduled for further informal discussion if Council
desires.
ds/sp
/5'02.
'City of Iowa Cit,
MEMORANDUM =
Date: August 3, 1984
To: City Council
From: Dale Helling, Assistant City Manager
Re: Spraying Program for Mosquito Control
In response to the question raised by Council at your July 30, 1984,
informal meeting, I contacted Graham Dameron of the Johnson County Health
Department and obtained the following information.
The last time spraying for mosquito control occurred in Iowa City was
approximately 9 or 10 years ago. This was done as an emergency response
to an increased number of cases of encephalitis. The resulting reduction
in the number of infected mosquitoes at that time may be partially
attributed to the spraying. However, Mr. Dameron indicated that the
weather turned abnormally cold at approximately the same time as the
spraying occurred and this may have had as much or more of an effect in
reducing the mosquito population.
The County Health Department continues to monitor the mosquito population
in Iowa City by gathering the insects in several traps throughout the
City. These are checked approximately every other day and the insects are
sent to Iowa State University for identification of species. A weekly
report is provided to the local Health Department. Mr. Dameron further
indicated that, in the event it is determined that the rate of infection
in this area would warrant increased control measures, these would include
consideration of an organized spraying program. However, this has not
occurred during the past 9 or 10 years.
It is Mr. Dameron's opinion that only a year-round effort can effectively
control mosquito populations. This would include spraying as well as
control measures aimed at destroying eggs and killing mosquito larvae in
those areas where these insects gestate. Such a program would cost an
estimated $40,000 annually. It does not appear that spraying alone has
more than a very short term effect on the control of mosquito populations.
In addition, spraying can be a source of increased irritation for people
with allergies or respiratory problems and is thus desirable only when
absolutely necessary.
tp5/4
1593
0
cepanmanl of EM M109Y
Ms. Vida Brenner
225 Linden Court
Iowa City, IA 52240
Dear Ms. Brenner:
IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY
of Science and Technology
AMES, IOWA 50011
June 29, 1984
Enclosed are two studies that conclusively show that electrocuting
devices are virtually useless as far as mosquito control is concerned.
Although electrocuting light devices are sold with the claim that
insects are controlled, it just isn't so. Many insects are killed,
but the majority of the "kill" will be rade un of night flying moths
and beetles that don't feed on humans, nets or livestock.
Sincerely,
Y` Harold J. "Stockdale
Chairman
HJS/gah
Enclosures
Science II 0widmg, 515494?ADD (ACMin;s1rahon. Research, and Teaching)
Inuclatl Budding. S15 2944101)Enanuon), 515 294 IneseAlch and Teaching)
Federal Corninsecls neseerch Unn.Anaenv.lowa50021:515 2844f58
IMI. 56ssgrnu ....4,'s l•m.. 13. No. 2
Reem. E. L and C. (arca. 1971. Stweptib)hiq of
Anln nw,yuim Un'ae la Pormiu ,p'aallilcunns
Bacillus pahoyenr. Na. Calif. Slog. Crnnrol
Asa. 39:118-120.
Tyrell, U.J., L. I.Davidson, L.A. IWIL, Jr. and W. A.
Ramada. 1979. Tuairiyof p.u'u\lxnell matins III
Hardin, Ihuringinnis wl),yP. innelcOO, w uuminhov,.
App. Environ. Microbiol. 38:651y-658.
Van Eaten, F. NS and S. C. Hembree. 19811. Labura•
Int) M.......1) 4,l llndllm llnninginnn u,.../,.".
:ngaina all ius:t, of A"fi., me\l,. :unl .1rdn
hPnominadun Imlay. \dual. New. IPI: 12J-ia 1.
Wnsisdo. S. 1•., 11. Slulhn. I1. •1.1 .unlueL and 1'.
MCUm', I!IN I. Illliv r ullrngx•rauu r anJ ina:u 4,u
Ibc rllkra I. of llnrillu, Ihwirrgrrn,i. r.I, ..uolrn...
and llnrilln, ,IJmninn .u'.Pin 1503 .'g.tiu.l .Inti
slirn,don\ Lucus. j. Inlell hr. Pedud. 3N:78 -N7.
FAILURE OF AN I NSECT ELECTROCUTI NG DEVI CE TO REDUCE
MOSQUITO BITING'
ROGER S. NASCI, CEDRIC W. 1IARRIS Asn CYkF.SA R. I'f yR I•LR
Vector Biology Labors ory, Deparulnu of MOOR). Unheni1)' of None Dime. Notre Mame. IN UkS:,b
ABSTRACT. Insect electrocuting device, using uhu:wiolel light as :4,1 ;ntmcmnP \rete lean), Inc twin abiha,
to reduce nmsquim biting in luck yards. piling collerimn were made in fi adjacent bad.\:uah Ilx.lw•d in WIIIII,
Bends Indiana. Two orate yards We're equip1Md with electronic tIIXCt killing de\Ice,.2 with Mn. Ildlh..1141 2
had nes apparrms. The collations were made on 6 nights from Jmle Planing), August 19142.'1 he uwcu. Lillrl
by the CICClrlemttg device, also were r ifecicti. only 3.3if or the 3212 imeri\ Lilted on au :nanaer nigbP wn.•
fettale nmHptiloA. Iltmmb in Ian' vitiaiPy Uf the' vie, Ilocillmg de, it C, woC co."i'l,'nnI l\ tune _nr.0 l iso u.
masyuitotl Ilan the devices. Even after I I days of contilInom Opera Iinn, the clan Its utitg dC\Ines Iailyd its
since tile nmsquito biting rune.
INTRODUCTION
Elcar4,nic insccl killing de%hv, using an
electrocuting grid and uhraviolei (UV) light as
an atimclanl (couuuonly will as zappers j°,
lhilfwuckers,^•, ling Illastets?" cu'J III ctptcully
are used in an attempt to control pest insects in
backyards, campgrounds. swimming pools and
other outdoor recreation areas.'Ibese dcvirc,
are adveriseel on the basis of claims by the
mmulf"murers that they have a **hire range" of
a certain distance depending nit the lmwer 4,1'
the UV source, they can clear insect, I'r4,n1 a
certain radins mound the trap. and h by v disrupt
the "breeding cycle" of insects. Tc,t data avail-
able front some of the mauuf:wun'e's indicate
that, if they are the sole source of light, theac
devices are useful in reducing indoor house fly
)populations. Unfortunately, no clam arc prc-
stinted on the efficiency of these traps outdoors
Car their ability iuledure mosquito biting: the
purpose lin• which mast of the traps are par.
claw . •111is study was designed m evulmte the
ability 4,l' Ihc,e device 4,t rcdare nmsgnilo bit•
ing in backyard shimliuns.
r
P Suplxourd by VIII genu A106123 and A102753
and the St. Joseph County (Indiam) M11,111410
Alutemenh Prnglmn.
NIA ITRIAl.5 AND MEI lit HIS
'fhe suuly was rondnard ho.0 Lot- .Jour
through August 1982 in n sninnhan nrighbm•
lwxl r4, file uorthcasl side of Soul), Scud ISP.
Joseph (bunty), Indiana. The mv.P w;a, kuuwu
4,o lams modcrale to heavy local populations of
Ardis vrsnn.s (Me•igen) and Ar. hivillnsrr,
(CogIIHICIl) (5t. jusa•pl" Counts %josquiIn
:lbmeutmn Program, Chgnlb16110 "laud.'I hr
lesting seas condocled in is backyards witltio du•
uciphlmrhPNNI.'I'hc b:wky;u'ds weiv.141i ecm Io
each utter in a straight acct), on south NOV.
Each NO ky:r'd sea, apprusim:nrlr:la 1, sqn;,v.
The 6 vards were stuluunded un the north.
suuth':md case by siwilar residenial areas. Ad•
jacent to the yards to the west w.s a sumll.
shallow dn:ninagc ditto (ca. I nn widel 11 cq len t
containing water and imenuinenty producing
Ar. Irivillana. Iuunediately un the west of the
dnaivage diull was a 5 un 15 In wide wYxxllltl
riming :duuM III' villin Ivngth nh the Iso L•
s;uds.'1'lie wnxxllw "Iusistrd nl lmgv, misty
dee iduuus lien, (I nun L diauP VIII 411 " 4,1) and .t
drnsr hrrlasrnus undrrsrnt cY fu the wet and
south of the w•oodlol was a ,rhonharl "Insist•
ing of allowed grass. hunledialelc w the north
of the wnndlol was7(n unmoved yield with svg•
el; 14,11 ranging 1)nn111.514,2 nn high.'[ lie land.
V_
:E
756
'•ilitr
mall
ul 2
.flat
•ere
r In
d it,
line
;'r.
(Sl.
n VII
•I� :nor.
Ills
Idles
nee
Ilife
mm
I lice.
'3 lie.
• rh,
y Ad-
,t/,'� .gall,
,.fifty
Icing
file
xll(it
slick -
�SU IxeYI
: of a
F. .uul
:tied•
•ntb
vcg•
led•
Jaws.. film:$
1lnnel.a11s iNmvs
smiling in the individual y:11 ds c;u icd limo
collpdclelp ulrcn n11nvesl gnus 111 yards '.1111•
raining m•namcm;d ahnda, ground cover :uol
largesluall r,id,,le gardens, to wtxxled Yards will,
large deciduous trews (trunk limn, 30 fill coq
and a relaliecly congd,,e cauupy,
'file electrocuting desire chusml cur rhe stud).
was rhe Scan Model 8:13.1432 Elecfloodc hnt.n
Killers 'Phis dcvicc consists of a 25 wall UV
bulb surrounded by an clen ra'ming gr)d imide
protect I. screen and shin slhield.:wd is Simi•
.ar ru tilt. design of n,osl elearanic insert killers.
m It is adcer,i>ed as Lacing a "lure gage of 27!1
r (82(81 rl, ca. Ii acre) and :s Ix:ing e11ec-.
over a radius of 9().5 m (1(111') 1}inn ,ht. 1111%
'Ih,11pnmdng inshructiom rcc11mllleud ,hal tilt.
• devices be placed 25-51111 :stay ham [Ile area
of human actirikr and nearby iawl infestativa
( to draw illKTIS aw•av ..
In she lint series of tests, yards were chosnh
arrandom and 2 yards were equipped with rhe t
electrocuting de-ices, 2 yards were equipped ,
with standard 6 colt c')C traps, and 2 yards
sere susPell ted 2.5 fiThluce Uhgrnmd in e ths
cc -Ill Ihr -arils and a'crc turugl on 8G he
prior ,u the collrniun of biting mosquitli
oes, i
sfusyuitors coming Inhuman bail were cal• x
Im ed in each )• art from I he Ixfm'c l0 1 If til
I"uttesunset on 6 nights of mild weakhcr (wind I
11-8 Lie 1. KH 75-95^r. temp. 15-24°C),'I'll, 2
.he experimental pctial w•as divided imo six 15
min culdening periods wide 5 min between If,.
riaIf. The indi-Ideals set Ing as hail were
sail 11 if 8 of cast of the elfifU'ucming dcriccs
and CUC trap, (I file opposite side of de-ices 8?
ill
rhe sds %ticQ arca) and in a sinhilarposition toll
al the yards with nu apparents. 771e collectors �hc
agrutrarl nwsquifocs Conlin g to bite dnriug rbc 11"
15 min )rcrials with a mouth :opirator. A6,, tcp
cath 15 min peritxl. the adleaon nun'e'I to furl
dirlcrcnt yards roadjusl lin'indicidual e:wiatitm lot.
in :nnmcti-c'nafile
s to mosquitoes and mllrckian quip
cffiricuq•. Thr )x,ssible elrccn orlandscaping 9.3„
:ltd ingl placenh,m in the p:u'ds'clecolltolled r\,
by m Veto she flaps m dilli•rcm yards durlthg each
fill"each night )I'll (sting, ;\s a fcsoh, Carl, yarl ssms ))• .
r no with Ihr elenroetit 11 of Or . CDC ,rep f1).
or no apparatus twice during filer. riments. by m
'17he biking rate in each yanl was drtfinninal 2 "l
by I lalling tilt. numlxr lir mosyuitne, col• 'jig 2.
live(. coming m bite during the six 15 mill Um
periods and expraysof that 1111111,'.'. a, a onto nviligl
s'cnl of dtc 1111:1 rnllrnal i I d,C y:ud will the wet •
' Se.n s g,x•Lw k and Cump:u0'. Qbirhgia I L nnlia 1.
\Iruduhh of beds' n.uns', i, I'nr idrailicuimh mil, .mil
duel IIOh IrIINI hilar fxdmbrhhlClhl b ,'
uasb)' of Sun''. D.nnr• ) \II I m' Ihr ILII.
' INI
uxahhmn, 1111111x•'. lin tlx• eight. Exple"jo
,hr biting o:1.11t.as a Ix•rr111 ul tilt. olimimuul
allows ctn11pmi%0II ol'resulrs bel wa fi11 uighls de-
spilc variations ill til, alaulac number rrl-
Imal due 11) clinrnic :mil othro' fat on,
The nundrer of iuscca killed by :uo elec-
n'tx'ullhig dvV;CC ,vas dncrnlivavl be cnllrniog
file i'fscn in a lint• luesh shins net bag:n,acbal
I) the .1c doll of the (1 .10111
CUllccdons of this
hype• wen' mule du, iug Iia• 2 Iv fes, periods on
5 of file li niglns 01' le I'g. In addik ion. dht.
11""Is killed
III' Iht. rl,e'n'a'u(bhg drs'it(" were
rnl amt tile
5 d;giighh prritx6 (Ilial -1!11111
I" and . 24 111' pclioil, II) 111.1 •I'...im. 11'1;11
,lilt iohh ml'dhc ill..... wrrc killed durhhg III,.
;Iled:h. IJif bolos, hum m;hm .1111 n'h If kind ul.
,eleother Ihom nuayninx's sure killed. and
Ihr proportion of 1110S killed.
w 11un-
n101flu tx•, killed.
A saxood s,HW 0 Icsn was Ixrlurinctl
Irmr,ninr il'lung•Ito
rrnh u.ce of the electrotoriug
Isvicesla,I olloneildt by the m:mufactureq
'.adoral mosquito biking. An elcnroc'udng dr•
ice seas suspcndrtl ill,
n the carucr of 2 of the
:u'ds (rhumb m r:mdunh) :'fill run 24 hr d oih'
' Mand II d: y's poiur to roudmriog Is niglns
f human Imil colleclinns ill IIIc uhann,r dc-
fiord alwsc. Smtiuic:ed auallsis of dam used
c ma'fihal- desc'fil,ctl in Sukal and RAA
969).
RESUI:I'S
the chrtrtx:utohg de-ices killed:url-erageof
12 IoNCEI, per 24 In- pctial daring Ills 5
(Thous dna ever, made (I'able, 1). Of UIesC,
vast majority (89%) were small nnn-
uphito nrnnmx'erou, UipMta. Scrrt7hl okhcr
as of inxa7s ❑'fife 6nnud in ,Ile coffealions,
udilig mosyuiloce s'hidt mugn'ix'd li: l`io ul'
unnl kill. Apprucintalely ]':it of lilt. nuu-
xs killed wet, fcnmle and ruu,limkcd uuly
of the ental iuscns killed.
I average ol• fro inst.ns wet, killed during
of dte li darhgh. Aerials sampled j I'ablc
\on•nmepolu \enhal11Ca•I�t were the moth
,curly killal insets (36%) hillusv(rl clo,clt.
ususid Iliac (.3%)• An a mtagc of Icss that',
squ(axs sent killed 11cr peritxl, co omillo.
7% of the d;prime kill.
'iug the 2 hr samples Inkco dill iug ,Lt.
n perihxls w•hrn lilt. biking rullcrlinn,
s nouh', nn aVCr;Igt• of 2111:1 iu„m sero,
W11-41 o, Ihr vhr nnnning droit v, rl;hblr I
Sun•nnh„Ihtb” Vrncmxrl°1 srrrt',Iit mush hr.
qus•nfil' killed iuxrls (ggn). slu,hphiko-, ton..
phiavl 4.3"of Ihr luteal it, 0 h, killed will Ir.
males making up slightly nuror dcof half
ulthis
nnmbcc (:I)(: frape, bt.rahl„ of hhrir lux• 1tsw.
IK2 M �.•nu Nt,ws Von.. 4:1, Nu.'
-Iahle I. A1'PnI111111IM1 iI11I I1erRt;1agenI l helowl I1111111w, or iowtb killer 1,, ele'c't I1 N116og doitc Burin
24 hr periab (Iie .151, da)lighl heriolb bunt 117111 Its to 191111 Ili t1 -11),'W the 2 hr usl
perioah (n-111).
Avenge m nlller of iman tilled
2'I I11IIcINYI
Mq lighl lwli,.l _
2 III It, IKINYI
Odeoplcru
War (2.1)•
6.:1 (1.1)
!41 1:4.71
tepidupncn
37.2 (1.2)
41.6 01!0
1.5 (<,1)
Helnipten
!1.2 10.31
1.2 11.X1
20.1 (11.11)
llotnupten
2.4 (<.I)
1.2 (1.11
Iml (<.I)
1phemempten
-
-
11.2 (<A)
Trichuplcra
41.2 (1.3)
IA 11.51
4111 (1.9)
Ilynlenoptem
1.1 (<.I)
3.2 (4.9)
2.4 (0.1)
Museoid (lies
•13.2 0.51
21.3 (112.5)
!1.0 10.4)
F.ulpidldac
11.8 VIA)
11.3 10.5)
11.2 I0.5)
Son-nuoglim Nemalorcra
^_91139 (119.1)
2:4.7 (36.2)
101159 111.1)
P Inuequituo
100.1 (:4.:11
Ln 11.51
4'1.0 12.:41
d nuuplitoc,
100.6 (3.1)
0.11 (1a)
•12.3 (2.91)
Total inserts
3211.1
1515.(I
Y Ilcrcan or total nludx•r of inwxts 4i11ed.
ere(I light wince, collectal req• flew insects
during the twilight test Aerials.
During the first series of tests, in which the
electrocuting devices were turned on 36 hr
prior to making the biting collections. 1143
mosquitues were collected tooting In hire in die
yards equipped with the electrocuting devices,
1696 in the yards with the CDC caps, and 11111
in the yards with no apparatus. There was uo
difference in the biding rate experienced in the
)-Ards with the electrocuting device, with CDC
traps, and with no uppantus (ANOVA 11 > .05.
Table 2). The hiring rates in the )ads %via],
electrocuting devices range, front :11'A to 1011%
of the maxissun. The yards will, CDC traps
ringed front 44% to 10071 or the nnaxinunn.
rush the yards with no apparatus rangal from
-in l0 100'% or the maximum.
In the V'al%equipped with the electrovutio
devices. 1089 female ounquilocs wee cullcne
from the Immau hail and •I89 were killed by th
elecfruculing devices (Table 3). The ma,ivily e
those Correct ell coming to bite were Ae. sir ilm0
while Ae. txcvms was fire species 111011 frequcud
killol in the clectnlcufing devices.
Whah file nundkr ill' nuuquiules "'ting n
bile in the yard., equipped wish the electlocu
ing device., i%couglatcd 10 tile number killed i
the elect"ot isg de-ices um aur individual ham
the mother coming to hilt exceeded all
mother killed by the clecliocuting devices i
eves rue ('Table •q.
The second seies or 1nle, in which the els
Irtwoling dcvires were run nntiuunusly h
10-11 days prior to nmkiug biting udlectisn
polluted results similar w those of die ph'ec
'rahlr 2.5111VIIIIIU IIIIItlg rate epofelll'ell io)Allh eg111pIKWilli ll e•IITII'Klllillg clfYlce+, LDC ININ:Ildu'
apparatus. I'he rale in fads vard k a factent of Thr number collected in the card villi I he highem Ictal lis' III
night. The trips wee nlocnl ho dillhu'llt )ants lair Tach vial alld were lurued on M hr plim Io Ie.liog i
Int 1. In oast 2, the hip, were tell in Thr wine )amt, and run 10.11 dms John wlating.
Prhl•111 ul im,%iolo piling rale,
Triad faerwnwing drril f._ CIIC Trap -_.. S., App_n_ml, _ _._ )1.lsinnnn I'.
Teal I. 1 2 1 2 - 1 2 _
1 66 57 Ilm 75 75 14 44
2 57 31 50 77 11111 74 ft9
5., - 117 97 59 1111) .II) 91 M
4 99 Irl) lit 12 17 :u 219
5 115 Van 119 110 91 nal 172
. f fit 511 Ion .11 )(3 117 151
Test 2'Y
I 68 $6 Inn 7!I 51 49 95
4 •Ili fill :111 hili 47 :II 55
• Via difference in piling tall• l y ween aura, will, elecoa'uting dv%h". CDC oap,. and oo :11111.1411
(ANOVA P>.05).
Su dil%rcncc i1 hiring ram, Iwtwevo mean (KllnkalAvaln, I1iulks'1'e,l P>A)5).
� \laxiunul i, du• highs nuu0wl ul' luequil,a•s uAlcru•d unnidg w Li1r iu a ):ud Ihuing Thr na pelilnl
ming
:ected
Sy the
ity of
%1101113
,Dolly
..Ig to
1Kut-
ed in
oasis,
I the
es in
else-
1'or
Rous.
:Irc%i-
A uo
r rhe
ing in
a
.m Ire
i
1
I
sJs
.rotas
rriml.
JOwn, 1!18:{ klusklnnu Nsws
'1'alAr S. Numbut til nuwlplhm.l,,lit, tell taming nl
bile in a ILlrkyad wide all victimmiug .k-vkc uud
site uul.lber killed in I,r devise. Total til Ica 2 In'
Ind 1mrlml%.
• Includitlg 1111ideuli0cd slKeimros
nus testi. A total of 211 nmsquilocs was cal•
kctal conning to bite in the yards with the clec-
roroting devices, 209 in the yards with the
CFC traps, and 128 in the yards with no aper
rants. 7111: filing me (fill not differ in yards
with elcarticuling devices, CIC Imps, or no
apparauls (Knukal-Wallis Ranks Tmi P > .05,
Tablc 2).
Marked differences were detected, however,
in the number 'of mmquitocs collected b)' the
individuals serving as bait. Of tyle ll) telsuns
volunteering their sen'ices throughout file
smdv, the average collection ,:nes ranged from
a low of 0.4 mosquitoes/nein to 1,29
mosquhmslmin, Although only marginally sig.
nificant (ANOVA P - .09, Knhskal-Wallis'fest
P r .05) there was a noticeable trend in the
biting rales experienced in the different yards,
regardless or the presence or absence of elec•
trauting devices. 'I somcwh:n variable,
the hitiug true in certain cards was colnisicutly
higher than the rate delated in other yards,
even though ter were adjacent to each oilier.
DISCUSSION
Although Illam insecli Were killed by ttc
clalrocuting devicesused ill tlis surly lie de•
183
%ices did nut n•durc Ihr nundK•r ulluuv1,liuK•s
coming to bile. 'Phis Was rue ern :tile'[, Ills'
Ierullline•IIIIe'tl lung let -ill use of the naps.
•these resells arc cansislcul with pleviuus
eralulu i11us alvei%[, similar devices (Surgeuuer
and lielssm 1977: G. If. Graig, Jr., peouusl
cutlttllllllicaliold.
Scmral farturs:ur responsible for the Iltilme
of these dmices to reduce Innsquilu biling.'ILe
priulary fa auris that humans are marc aurac-
lire to muslphil.ws than 11\' light.'I'his in rcidrm
ill tial, given lir same• mnanuh til limn. dw
Lanae hail in raids equipped With ciccilmill•
ing devices collected 1089 rrm;do muslplinn•s
while the chccu'Iwutiug device's killed only 489
(fable :1). Belated lit the f.M Ilial the cle'c-
oarming deuces kill few mosquiules, is the
1,10,10111 that :m : llempi to control popular ions
of m'gtulisnls passcssing the rctruluc(ive
pincnlial and dispersal capacity of mosquitoes
b)' killing a few hundred a night, even m1 a %cry
local hasis, is a f ll!Ie efforl at Item.
Another major shortcoming ill these devices
is Ilial not :ll insects. including musquilocs, me
squall)oractel til light. 116ecI5 eche% liuriug
the daytime o[, cat ' e%eliug periods will not be
influcuced by the presence of the UV light.
Aedn hinifhum was such It species in this sully,
nrely marring in tilem
elecKming device
collectimis Drum the e%eltings and never Isom
the daylight simples. In addition, the total
number of insects killed in tilt• daylight samples
was only 2% of the number killed luring the
inial 24 hr petiol.
In summa ', the elecrlculiug de%iccs erre
not successful in reducing mosquito biting and
most of the insects killed were iuullcuuus w
bunmuls. ,See is li bale that momillito hitiug
in backyards cuuhd,c inllucuced tom a by using
personal repellents, changing the tylw til' dodo-
ting or soaps used by persons in the arca, All by
altering the Imulsrapiug of the arca to [,%nave
mosquito resting habitats (doubler[,, bcavy
ground curer, ele,) fttm tile immedi:ue cicinhn',
Ilan by Ibe use of UV light :mraa:uu clec-
roolling dcl'iccs.
ISWe 4. Smldwroffenlulc omatliuKualln'icd coming la bile ina)ald Willi all ele11rMU1i119 'let iMa1111lhc
nm her killal in rile dcrice tiring 5 tudividual 2lit two.
.Vied r Ailled or milc•Iaed
NundKr of 1'enl:de musquin v, nlpttoed
—_ — '--Sit.-
Fawir,Kul!ng
•
,twin
Ilt•YIIr
1111111:111 bill'
Ae. warm 4
174
211
Ar. [,sola d
1211
—
Ae. Irn•inalm 4
11
lag
Ar. Wrillnnu d
—
—
Mier siw•vics 4 -
3DII
till
011le'1' flxYkY d•
'297
—
Tillal nwwttil,Ws
4811 _
IIIH9
• Includitlg 1111ideuli0cd slKeimros
nus testi. A total of 211 nmsquilocs was cal•
kctal conning to bite in the yards with the clec-
roroting devices, 209 in the yards with the
CFC traps, and 128 in the yards with no aper
rants. 7111: filing me (fill not differ in yards
with elcarticuling devices, CIC Imps, or no
apparauls (Knukal-Wallis Ranks Tmi P > .05,
Tablc 2).
Marked differences were detected, however,
in the number 'of mmquitocs collected b)' the
individuals serving as bait. Of tyle ll) telsuns
volunteering their sen'ices throughout file
smdv, the average collection ,:nes ranged from
a low of 0.4 mosquitoes/nein to 1,29
mosquhmslmin, Although only marginally sig.
nificant (ANOVA P - .09, Knhskal-Wallis'fest
P r .05) there was a noticeable trend in the
biting rales experienced in the different yards,
regardless or the presence or absence of elec•
trauting devices. 'I somcwh:n variable,
the hitiug true in certain cards was colnisicutly
higher than the rate delated in other yards,
even though ter were adjacent to each oilier.
DISCUSSION
Although Illam insecli Were killed by ttc
clalrocuting devicesused ill tlis surly lie de•
183
%ices did nut n•durc Ihr nundK•r ulluuv1,liuK•s
coming to bile. 'Phis Was rue ern :tile'[, Ills'
Ierullline•IIIIe'tl lung let -ill use of the naps.
•these resells arc cansislcul with pleviuus
eralulu i11us alvei%[, similar devices (Surgeuuer
and lielssm 1977: G. If. Graig, Jr., peouusl
cutlttllllllicaliold.
Scmral farturs:ur responsible for the Iltilme
of these dmices to reduce Innsquilu biling.'ILe
priulary fa auris that humans are marc aurac-
lire to muslphil.ws than 11\' light.'I'his in rcidrm
ill tial, given lir same• mnanuh til limn. dw
Lanae hail in raids equipped With ciccilmill•
ing devices collected 1089 rrm;do muslplinn•s
while the chccu'Iwutiug device's killed only 489
(fable :1). Belated lit the f.M Ilial the cle'c-
oarming deuces kill few mosquiules, is the
1,10,10111 that :m : llempi to control popular ions
of m'gtulisnls passcssing the rctruluc(ive
pincnlial and dispersal capacity of mosquitoes
b)' killing a few hundred a night, even m1 a %cry
local hasis, is a f ll!Ie efforl at Item.
Another major shortcoming ill these devices
is Ilial not :ll insects. including musquilocs, me
squall)oractel til light. 116ecI5 eche% liuriug
the daytime o[, cat ' e%eliug periods will not be
influcuced by the presence of the UV light.
Aedn hinifhum was such It species in this sully,
nrely marring in tilem
elecKming device
collectimis Drum the e%eltings and never Isom
the daylight simples. In addition, the total
number of insects killed in tilt• daylight samples
was only 2% of the number killed luring the
inial 24 hr petiol.
In summa ', the elecrlculiug de%iccs erre
not successful in reducing mosquito biting and
most of the insects killed were iuullcuuus w
bunmuls. ,See is li bale that momillito hitiug
in backyards cuuhd,c inllucuced tom a by using
personal repellents, changing the tylw til' dodo-
ting or soaps used by persons in the arca, All by
altering the Imulsrapiug of the arca to [,%nave
mosquito resting habitats (doubler[,, bcavy
ground curer, ele,) fttm tile immedi:ue cicinhn',
Ilan by Ibe use of UV light :mraa:uu clec-
roolling dcl'iccs.
ISWe 4. Smldwroffenlulc omatliuKualln'icd coming la bile ina)ald Willi all ele11rMU1i119 'let iMa1111lhc
nm her killal in rile dcrice tiring 5 tudividual 2lit two.
/JIY
NundKr of 1'enl:de musquin v, nlpttoed
—_ — '--Sit.-
-
•
Site 1
2
-
191s10soing, .
PJr.milmiug
I1LII
del6v
II'ml:II. ball - ,II'1111'.
IIIIII m. IAIII
I
31
91 'lit
911
2
•II
1.11{ 151
172
a
12'J
104 all
219
4
IS
5I 12
hill
5
II
ail 17
21
231)
527 2511
562
/JIY
Sh"Q1,110 N'1 ns
ACKNOO'LEDMIEN'I IS
'111c:tubes Illank Ihr Uupriesi. Kii,holl',
Ihullrr, Iludual. 5:Islnn, and LIn'iol 1.11161 is
I'nr IIIc generous use or dtcir Imckr:ndc. and
James I)e\Iain, William Ilea), Ruben Glpr-
land, IAI'P:t IIIc IA•Ner. $11111:1 (.1911 t'llll, IS;11'I (.n I'•
saro, and Linn lianulis for serving ;IN hail.
lain......
tiAal. H. N. dud
V. J. 8ubll. I!II;!1, 1{iunu•rl.. ILr
III' is. 1)111\:111, 1 I"a, IM C 111 slat NIx \ 111 Ilioh'gi al 1r-
.vau la 1C. I1. P1 eru1.u1 and (:n, Nan Ih'am iv u. 7711
pp.
Sl"grouv.. IL ,\..nun It V. Ilrlvnl. 1977. A livid
t•. dgmiun 111 a•Irn1N'oon' Ill lun..1 m . nun lid in
wmbcul (humin. I'llx'. h:mnnud. $14. (kaalin
1118:5:1-g.
VECTOR -COMPETENCE STUDIES FOR BLUETONGUE AND
EPIZOOTIC HEMORRHAGIC DISEASE VIRUSES 1Vrrll
CULlCO/DES VEAIUSTUS (CERA•I.OPOUONIDAE)
R. 11. JONES. E.'1'. SCI IUltl!'.%L\SS' Ali, S. M. FOSTER
Arthroplxl-bonne Animal Uiw:uaY Rae:nrh Ldxn:inn). Agriculnual Rawe.n rb Srn ire. I'S Itrpanuleru ill'
Agriculuo'e. l'.O. Ik1s ^_53:7. Ikmcet federal li•utar. Ikura•r. CO 80225
AIISI'RACr.FiddcullatetlrcnlalesorCuliruidnlenudus linin Srw fork e,ale well. tea.xl lurntal.nv I. i-
hililr In bluetungae (ICP) and epirlrolic Ila•murrll: git• Aise:sir (EI III) VirusaY.'I'br inlirtiun rata•. ohlained Ila
relnndhY eRlNlil'II 10:1 rll'l6 tlleal NYrr I111r (8'1'V (1.7'e liar 1/141. EIIIIV 2.616 Inv Ips). utggawting Boal Ibe
gN•cin e'ould nm bean efficient minrullhr.e virme, i1, Sem Pod. Fvn,alc.lir(:. mno.b,. xrtr aasc to 1,w in
cruor t'oagN•lenct• suulitw wilb lite ..nuv ImIlmils used linC. trnii/nmi,: Ibr) Ict•ne nrl:ui.rlc long.licrd and
Itsulilr fill Ilnmlgh a u1a•mbt':�le:and on emhnunaliug rhirlrn egg,.'I'Invv other .lw, it'. ill Culimi,l.. di,I nun
ad.e a bluml meal under the crone anulitiom excrpl lin' a Ivw (i9ndes lir G...alli/n' dim um Iuog.li ed and
mVafed lieplive Jill, infectinu will, Ili V.
1 Several species or urwrom.., ;lie pests 111
Ina nunalian live -'lock in New fork Slate
(.Srhnlidnn:ua et ;it. 1980). Pour of Ihesr spr-
cies, C. Ivrnubt, Ilnllloao, G. alrlliln' (Gwplil-
leu). C. higmlalut (Cotpnillcn) and G. nhadrllr,
(Jleigen), were used in experilocim to defer.
$'nine it Iheg andd be venors or bluetongue
virus (8'1'1') or or epitomic hemorrlmgic lis.
case virus (EN UV). OI' dlese, only C. rrrruaut. :1
relatively large nail robust specim. was Itstd
sucressrully in /hal sullicient uundle)s of rr-
nlales look blo ll locals. This species is wide.
spread in Inc eastern united State, with its
,I rangy exicnding westward to Wisconsin and
r southward to Florida (Wirth 19115).
I'Ibis paper Ir!wns 1)1'Chlllltlar)' IAINII;IInI')'
I, soulies to determine whether Caliruidn species
�. 91her than G. rru'ilprnuis (ergloillcu), Ills pri•
inary Itrtur or 11TVK Ilu'oughool most ill' Ill'
1 Ils-I lonvol ill' Howl.ul" g., Onorll I gkv sir),
i I'llma, Nl' 1185:1. I'nwmll addle..: lienwll x It I nva 1.
�� I:dxoamq. Agihilhoral Fmiu..gnew.d Q.mlil) In.
!I:,, niulle, Agricullmal Rr..c:o'c6 Sa9't'in, I'S lililo'I•
r nirm,rAgl isidtut'e. Itch %lir. SID 2117(15.
t P. art%':u sup)xnnd in)cwlln .\ninual; nd l'I:nn llvalb
blgxxlion Service, IISBA. grant 1,u. 1217510:111.
Iluiled States (Jones et al. 19811. arc poreutial
crchiI., of It'll. Because the umthnxlology rill
the list' of a sparit•s is inpunnuu, Ice used acv.
cral test Imaedores of drtcrnline whelbrr
reltiv'nllrt'It•d 16IN1112s or C.:'nrndo, wuuld Ile
wase it, use in a mairus research.
NIATE. IA1S AND MhanouS
.\duh Gulitmidn well, collected in 11178-79
l fool a p:unn'c iu'tnugnkira Cnuuq, New fork
with liglu u•aps bailed will COr (dry ice). A
scrohlgit' surcev ror autilud)• an IST\' in
slaughter cattle l.1d iodirmed :Irl IIT w:n rare
Ili nonesistcm in Ncw fork Stale (Melralrcl al.
1981), and 14'I'l' or EIIUI' mace never been
reporlll from lite cnllcaiun arca.
Female !lies %tere separated to Nperie%,
shipped alive Utillik chilled, and Itxlxl in rs•
prriuu•uls under Ile same n1,$' Inions us"d will
(Jon., ;uol Fustrt I!17Kd. 1111,•!
ull viol an infoliv" 1111,x1 111".11 (I pall
trll•sidun"-:ill:gnrd Visits suspv11sinu ;111,1 !1
palls delibrivated sleep blood) dtrrough mein•
hramY pupated Plum the skins or I•dac•old
rlirks.'I'li- hlmNJ ental tom:niurd ;Juno Iors
median crll•auhure illivi-6011% doseslml. Eli.
I n' xecdingr of the fanumolucial tirwimy of Ontario _ . _. Vnlnmr• InF_ I'!!7
A YIELD NVAIAIATION 11F FI&VI ROCI1' ORS
FOR MOSQUITO CONTROL IN SOII'1'111:fiN ON I'ARIO
Q A. SuttclluN!rit and B. V. I hti.aou
lyeralhIICIII Of I.nYhalllllCIII.11 lriulogy, thmulu AI;,'cntlm:d College
Uniretsky of Guelph, Cuell+fh, Unrui iu
Abstract
The mean number of mosquitoes hiring in backv:odc with ;tit eketraruwr wail
311.68. whereas the mean mother ill nearby control writs %was 2•1.4 %%]left lesled
against spring dudes sp. The mean number of mosquitoes biting in yards with :sea
elecrrocnor was 22.72, whereas the mean number in adjacent vards was 30.4
when tested against drday uerans (Mcigen) and Coquillefli iar permubnr..c (Walker).
These means were not statistically dirferent. Female nmsquitnes killed in clecuo-
cuuus tepresented 17-24rk of total numbers in clecirucutors and biting collections.
'They represented 0.42-4.1% of the total insects killed by clectrocabrs. Under file
expenntenml design and conditions of this study, elecirocutors did not prove
effective in reducing masquifo biting counts.
lulruducliou
L'Iectrocuton' or electric grid-tvpe light traps were first developed in the early
1900's (Hcinton. 1974). With increased public awan•ncss of pesticide residues
unit cnviwnrnentai contamination, (]lure has been an increased use of light flap
clveiroculors for fly control nonmed domestic animals• pwcessinp plana, and for
backyard nuisance fly control. Canada Uepanment of Agriculmic 11'176. Memo -
random It 1444) requcs(ed that all mantracitners of such dcv;,-" dcmmnur:le
than "the number of biles or landings are sipoificmmh• minced within the effective
mope or life device in comparison to a control Inca without a device". 'Phis sludy
was designed to evaluate light trap clectrocuturs for control of mosquitoes under
"back yard conditions
hialerlals and Mellmds
Two study sites with high mosquito activity in ilia vicinity of Guclplh, Onlariu
were used. Before cleclrticutors were tested at either site, two to seven nig)ds of
biting activity assessment were conducted. 'These tests were clone to deleneine
impul:tion levels of mosquitoes and biting perindicity. One site tesl:•d front May
12 - June 23, 1977, was uta recently completed subdivision. Two homes located
oil a crescent -type street were used. These yards were separ:ned by four hnush:s and
bce:msc or the crescent shape of the street, the light from tine y:rd could not ha
seen from the other. The vards of•all homes abutted on :t deciduous wonds ca. ill
acres in size which served as an ideal breeding site for spring Aedes species.
III each yard a Standard grid -type cleelroculor, with an I8 -inch black light.
was hung. In Ilia initial tests, front May 12 - May 29, lar; lights were 1.4 tit alxtvc
the ground bill were lowered to :5 of thereafter. Under each trap a somdl plastic
pool (ca. 0.5m') was placed tit collect insects killed by Ile trap. Tim female
slndcnts did biting counts for life entre summer. The Iwo sludcnts were of similar
weighl and height and during the course of trials dressed identically in brawn
coveralls,
53
"a
Onnu 4Vnhamc Ing. 1977
IYUcndiug; of the &uunualUl;ical.5�xicly of +._. ___..
1,11c light was run continuously throughout each evening's text in the Inc
backyard, Biting moots, of li.ntinule duration, were made throughout the evell-
ings. Biting counts were followed by 15 minutes in which the suulents Icfr the
study areaso
illosyuilacs captured weuc identified clad totalled for each 15-nniuutc
interval. Biotics were conducted in what wcr considered peak hours for home
usage, 19:30.230) hours, slmh than in each evening six 10 5even biting counts
were made. oil each night llle sale statical did biting counts in the %:ane yard.
'rests were carried out on a n+lating basis Crable I ).
Teoa.l: 1. Otaratiunal nathul of Ac:Inxmor cvalual ion. Goch:n, OnwriU_P,77_._
When masquitu activity declined in fine June the test site was nosed In
Allcifoyle, Ontario. Two odjaccol county hnnnes, each on ca. Ivvu ev c of I:mti
were used. Lights were situated its uclation la IIIc hoost•s such Ih:al they could nil
Ile %evil from the other h:ane.'I he surrounding ,oca consisted of fields :and avoids
with it large number of drainage Jitchcs :nal ctlail ponds. Acdes vrtarn (Mcigcn)
and Cuquillellidin prrrtuh,rn.r (WaILcl'I predontimlled in these arca..
During the initial trials IIIc subject s:a in the lawn grass hill on June I and
thereafter it sinudated patio sit;oion was created by placing 20 of of pl;lxtie
sheeting on the ground and hasryg 11110 subjccl sit on a folding chair in the .enhe
of the shcemig. Distances film tilt' Iighl.varied from 3.15 ill thnmghout the trial
laiod. -There appeared to be no correlation 11CIw•een biting activity and Jla:mce
Pinto the trap. When observes stood close to cicetrocutors ( <1 ill), thele was tilt
increased number of musquiloes kilted.
For Ihrce nights, bel% ea Aug. 5.9. solid CO' (dry ice "rapped in new•spnpct)
was hung directly liver the cleciroclmis in an atenapl m olez"se tmmcl ancv.
)fe:•ull%and Discimiun
Thu rc%tlla of cicelrucuhn studies for the Guelph situ are presented in
Figure 1. Only Ihnsc mos, ilncs which were ucloally captured are tclncsemcd in
the biting counts; "Cowles boding blit not captured are not recorded. There w:a no
C.
Jifferenre in the meant number of uunsquilocs capunrcd (I' !(6(151 in
the yards with or withnw light Ir:gix using Ila t -lest. When number of fcmnLs
camghl in yauds wish the light :we combined with the light kill Ihcrc was no signifi-
c:un differcnec (I' <II,l1S) between Ihv emul'ut )'mrd acrd the yard with the electun
color. It would appear however, based on 19 nights of collection, that there was :ill
increased uuullscr of female moxplilocs in the vnrd \%'lilt the lila particularly when
both light Lill amt aclual captmrc arc cond+ined 13'1.? vs 27.1+1. Female nulsquilncs
killed in the trap repieseoed 4.1^.4•of the insects IiII&I and 17.31";- of die 1,11:11number of females biltit killOd and c:q+lured. Insect orders collected in Ibc Imp arc
listed in Table 11.
The piedonliflate anoaprim species found at the Guelph site based oil identifi.
calinu of captured telltales were.. AVII'.r'Wilathillf 01"alker), Ardra lillith (f;ll and
Young), Av.w% rardre Illwv:ld, Dynr and Knab. and : 0/t rannrlrnsis ('nceo-
bald). \o allcopls agog made Its identify those s; vellums Filled its the clraru•
54
ill f
Pard I
Yard 2
livening 1--u Nu light
ISludcnl A]
A)
Light
Nn light
Ititndcnt Ill.--••
1%Indcto Ill
•• 2 Licht
•• j Na light
lxtudent
(so Udcnt Ill
Light
ISaudew At
4 Light
(modem Ill
No lirin
(9m:cul At
When masquitu activity declined in fine June the test site was nosed In
Allcifoyle, Ontario. Two odjaccol county hnnnes, each on ca. Ivvu ev c of I:mti
were used. Lights were situated its uclation la IIIc hoost•s such Ih:al they could nil
Ile %evil from the other h:ane.'I he surrounding ,oca consisted of fields :and avoids
with it large number of drainage Jitchcs :nal ctlail ponds. Acdes vrtarn (Mcigcn)
and Cuquillellidin prrrtuh,rn.r (WaILcl'I predontimlled in these arca..
During the initial trials IIIc subject s:a in the lawn grass hill on June I and
thereafter it sinudated patio sit;oion was created by placing 20 of of pl;lxtie
sheeting on the ground and hasryg 11110 subjccl sit on a folding chair in the .enhe
of the shcemig. Distances film tilt' Iighl.varied from 3.15 ill thnmghout the trial
laiod. -There appeared to be no correlation 11CIw•een biting activity and Jla:mce
Pinto the trap. When observes stood close to cicetrocutors ( <1 ill), thele was tilt
increased number of musquiloes kilted.
For Ihrce nights, bel% ea Aug. 5.9. solid CO' (dry ice "rapped in new•spnpct)
was hung directly liver the cleciroclmis in an atenapl m olez"se tmmcl ancv.
)fe:•ull%and Discimiun
Thu rc%tlla of cicelrucuhn studies for the Guelph situ are presented in
Figure 1. Only Ihnsc mos, ilncs which were ucloally captured are tclncsemcd in
the biting counts; "Cowles boding blit not captured are not recorded. There w:a no
C.
Jifferenre in the meant number of uunsquilocs capunrcd (I' !(6(151 in
the yards with or withnw light Ir:gix using Ila t -lest. When number of fcmnLs
camghl in yauds wish the light :we combined with the light kill Ihcrc was no signifi-
c:un differcnec (I' <II,l1S) between Ihv emul'ut )'mrd acrd the yard with the electun
color. It would appear however, based on 19 nights of collection, that there was :ill
increased uuullscr of female moxplilocs in the vnrd \%'lilt the lila particularly when
both light Lill amt aclual captmrc arc cond+ined 13'1.? vs 27.1+1. Female nulsquilncs
killed in the trap repieseoed 4.1^.4•of the insects IiII&I and 17.31";- of die 1,11:11number of females biltit killOd and c:q+lured. Insect orders collected in Ibc Imp arc
listed in Table 11.
The piedonliflate anoaprim species found at the Guelph site based oil identifi.
calinu of captured telltales were.. AVII'.r'Wilathillf 01"alker), Ardra lillith (f;ll and
Young), Av.w% rardre Illwv:ld, Dynr and Knab. and : 0/t rannrlrnsis ('nceo-
bald). \o allcopls agog made Its identify those s; vellums Filled its the clraru•
54
ill f
INS, 1'177
ps_ of tile GnlunwlnFical S,wieh_of On6uio__. .. .. .. - --
I I: IL Major insect orders collected front elcclnp iltms a: 011001 and .\hcl Lp'Ic, (luraria,
7. .._._._..
'foal
Inwels Idcolilied
Site Dates _ _ _ _ .......-...
r -'f .__—._— DNkrn 77.)'.J •I,fie2
I' Guelph May '+ -4 • lune 2(, l•olcupen 10.24
r - I.epidoplcra
I lnmoplcra 115:
Aherfoyle
July 4-hdY7 Dipicia
ILuuepp.,a 11:1•'
('nlrnplcra g•5'•y -
Lepithgmgc .G'n
r DiPlctn i„Tn7
Aug. S •Aug. / 11,111111.11M,25.5•;
culs'optcnt 5.611
I.cpiduptrra .. •'
catom During the tours of this Stud)' thcrc w•;I. a peradicit'e in biliug ui and
the
21:301 urss(Ea clln Duyl glit SnvilgS J ime). During 'lie lune ill IperinJlof IlticStwly
er
sunset Occurred between 2d:5U-2L•OF bouts (EDT). Phis poli+vliriq• h1%.'1 ie
ten. not consistent front night t0 1101i but could he acct, on ratan) nights. 'I he
periodicity renmined c011slont in both the yard with electroculur tit w'ilhout.
MEAN NIGHTLY POSOUIIO ACTIVITY
MAY 24•IUNE 23, 1977 /
LITING VAT11 LIGHT
O—O KILLE YIII FLET LIGHT
p—p KILLED rl ELECTROCUTORS
u /u �
z 6 \
n �
? /G
3 \
n O
5 / .
O
1043 1915 . 843 2015 2045 2115 2145 2215
TIME (START OF PERIOD) EDT
ptra�xr. I. \loan nigLlly mnsquitu count. In Y6nls with an,,-illnut clect,twular, (3,11011h,
(mn,rio, 1977.
Analysis w'as conducted to delermine if significant Cliffe lilig t in Tests.
nunlbels oce'urml between yartle or between sludcnls cund;ngiltg Il�c u•>Is. '(hc
�h
55
/S—I#
1'rueeoCatz, of the lavuuudopieal';' •iely of Oanoit' __ Vuinme IUR, 1977
mean number of mosquitoes capuirell in one yard was 39.3 and 31.9 in the other.
The mean number of mosquitoes captured by student 'A' was 34.6 and by student
'U' 31.6. Until sets of nicans were not significantly different. The greatest variability
observed was baud on differences front night to night. Temperature, wind and
humidity arc mayor faclots in determination of nlosquitn aclivity.
The results of the eleehocutor studies for the Abcrfovic site are presented in
Figure 2. Only thou uwsquitocs which wcic actually capturcJ are represented in
the biting eouuts. 'I'belc Was no significant difference in the meat number of
mosquitoes captured with or without light bars using she 1 -test f <U-05 I- The
predominaul species captured biting as this site were Ae. vesnns and C. perlmrhmtr.
Mosquitoes killed in the clectntculors represented an average 0.42% of all insects
destroyed. The predominate insect groups found are listed in Table IL A definite
periodicity in biting was noted at the Abeifoyle site which was consistent Ihnntgh-
out the study (Fig. 21. Activily reached a maximum front 21:45 to 22:00. Sunset
occurred between 20:51 to'_ 1:07 during the time spam of this study.
PAEAN NIGHTLY ADSOUITO ACTIVITY, ASERFOYLE ONT
'7 4 JULY -27 JULY 1977
1 4—A BITING WITH LIGHT
Q—O BITING WITt10UT LIGHT
0-2 KILLED IN
2 15
1445 20 2045 2115 2145 2215 2245
TIME (START OF PERIOD) ED.T.
14runl'. ? Wan nirhlb' nm.,pliln foam, in pads with and wilhnal dr.nlrnluc Abelfoyle.
Oolwio, 1977.
A dramatic inetense in light hall ellicicney occuncd ailel CU, Ava% added at
the lop of the clectrucolor (Fig. 3).'1'bc percentages of nw.quilucs killed in traps
vs those biting jumped front 24% to 88.8%. The mean number of mosquitoes
biting in the yard wills clectrocmor was 9.3 vs 2.6 in the yard wilhmn clecirocmor.
11 would appear that the IWHVV C'O' emu I11:11inn altracled nuwquiloes into Ibc
yard; with the lighl. Moa mos,pliloca Acle bring killed he the lial, hill Ihete
appeared to be an increased uunubcl of mosquitoes bilin;; in the yard Wish Jrc
light. N. o statistical analysis Was made nn thew data hec:wsc only Ihrce nights'
testing were made.
56
-----.,_mc Nom, 1971
Mrsiginicri'cantlydif
nalysis was conducted to determine if significant differences in uloslit.
ers occurred bctwcen yards. The coca's number of mosquihxs captured ;cod
]is
in one yyard was 40.4 vs 37.3 in the other yard. 'these mcan, were not
ferent.
to
0
0
FE
W
a
z
_n
z
41
al
2
z
Z
0-17 KILLED IN ELECTROCUrOR (C0d
0—o YARDS WITHOUT LIGHT
0-0 YARDS WITH LIGHT
•— cvx+ cvgzi " 21.15 2145 2£:15
TIME (START OF PERIOD) E.D.T.
I u.uxs. 3. Alcan niphlly mosquito covens in yards with and without etcetrwutur baited with
Abcrfuyle. Ontario, 1977.
Conclusions
lors
.rcm:dcsoa+rutttutc onlyraysntallrcompa cnt umber oflijectit these ciccfon�on a kitk� t iulcr If
rile
egnirirtcnI I conditions and design or This study clechucutors did nut prcnidc
xigm sscant benurit in reducing mosquito biting counts.
Acknowledgmenls
The a111art of illi would like to thank
who finncedthe Onlario hlinistry of tilt. Emirantncnt
Miss Saandrpars $fully. They would also like In thank hfiss Leila'ryni and
a Smith who eunducled the trials for many lung hnuts and the citiyt.ns
of the (7uclph mea who provided dleii yards and electricity ovithuut hesit:uiun.
57
III
City of Iowa Ci
MEMORANDUM
Date: August 2, 1984
To: Members of the Fire Department
From: Neal Berlin, City Manager
Robert Keating, Fire Chief
Re: Fire Department Organizational Analysis Recommendations
Attached is a report of the results of the Fire Department Organizational
Analysis study which we initiated several months ago to identify within
the Fire Department both strengths and areas where we can work together
for improvement. As you know, the study was conducted by consultants Dave
Rosenthal, Paul Retish and Jude West. Nearly all of you were involved in
the study through completion of written questionnaires and participation
in personal interviews.
Dave Rosenthal and Paul Retish will be available to meet with you to
discuss the study results, answer any questions you may have, and outline
the efforts which we will all need to make to implement the recommenda-
tions in this report. These meetings will be held in the Central Station
All Purpose Room:
Saturday, August 4, 1:00 P.M., or
Sunday, August 5, 1:00 P.M.
We are committed to begin work very soon to implement these recommenda-
tions. However, full implementation will require the efforts of every
member of the Fire De artment. Just as your input was essential in
identifying areas were mprovement is needed, so will your continued
participation be necessary in achieving improvements in the effectiveness
of the department's organizational structure and improvements in the
working environment for each member of the department. Specific opportu-
nities for your participation will develop in the weeks immediately ahead.
Many of the ideas presented relate to possible changes which may take
months and years to implement, even though there are other changes which
can take place immediately.
Study results point to a considerable amount of work ahead of us - we hope
you will view the process as a positive one and put forth your best
efforts to assist in implementation of the study recommendations.
ac/sp
Attachment
15S
City of Iowa C1.0 -
MEMORANDUM
Date: August 3, 1984
To: Neal Berlin, City Manager
Robert Keating, Fire Chief
From: Organizational Analysis.Team
Enclosed is our report on the Iowa City Fire Department. It contains the
procedures and instruments used to collect the perceptions of the Fire
Department personnel regarding various organizational characteristics, the
numerical scores and summary comments, plus the team's recomnendations.
The -Fire Department is to be recognized for its willingness to conduct this
organizational audit. In every organization strengths and weaknesses exist
but few units make the effort to pinpoint the factors affecting organization-
al success. The scores on each topic studied are not comparable to a norm or
to other city fire departments and/or city agencies since we know of no
similar study conducted within a fire department. These numbers then should
be viewed as reflecting possible trends in the department. Using the data in
this fashion, the Iowa City Fire Department command staff may follow up
through small group discussions to settle upon issues requiring their
attention.
The openness and cooperation of the firefighting personnel in the initial
stage of tfie project suggests that the organization desires to build upon its
current strengths and through planning, policy reviews and additional
training prepare itself to respond appropriately to future needs and environ-
mental changes.
We look forward to discussing the report with the ICFD personnel.
bc4
cc: -Fire Department
ISYS
Date: August 2, 1984
To: City Manager and Fire Chief
From: Organizational Analysis Team
Re: Report on the Fire Department
We were asked by the City Manager to conduct an organizational evaluation
of the Fire Department. After a meeting with the City Manager, Assistant
City Manager, Director of Human Relations, Fire Chief, other Fire Officers
and Union Representatives, consensus was reached in a process to assess
the current conditions of the Iowa City Fire Department (ICFD). It was
further agreed that everyone connected with the ICFD would get a copy of
this report.
This report summarizes the results of our investigation activities, which
included the following:
1. The response to a survey questionnaire mailed to all members of the
Fire Department (see Appendix A).
2. Obtaining work environment evaluations from all members of the Fire
Department using a standardized measure (see Appendix B).
3. Examination of all evaluations of the Fire Chief and other members of
the ICFD.
4. Conducting interviews with selected Fire Department personnel (see
Appendix Q.
The following three sections of this report summarize the outcomes of the
activities listed above.
1. Summary of the Iowa City Fire Department Organizational Analysis
Initially all members of the ICFD received a questionnaire which they
were asked to fill out and return directly to the investigators. Due
to concerns about confidentiality and previous investigations of this
nature, preaddressed envelopes were enclosed and all forms were
color -coded according to rank. The surveys were returned by 41 ICFD
personnel.
I. Section One: Organizational Program; (see Table 1)
The respondents indicated that the five characteristics of: (1)
effective long-range planning, (2) application of new technol-
ogy, (3) management by objectives, (4) development of succes-
sors, and (5) support for individual growth were, in their
perception, weak activities. The scores ranged from 1.78 to
2.07. As is noted on the attached numerical summary, the
IQ
�Jr�iS
2
officers
gave higher marks to two activities:
application of
technology
and the management by objectives
program
than did the
firefighters. This would be expected
since the
officers would
have more direct involvement with these programs.
II. Section Two: Key Organizational Objectives:
When all the questionnaires were combined, only
two items were
rated average or above average: Response to fires (3.56); and
Relationship with colleagues (3.34).
Objectives receiving a score of 2.5 but less than
i
3 were:
(a)
Relationship to other City departments
2,92
j (b)
Ease of purchasing equipment
2.87
(c)
Ease of purchasing tools
2.82
(d)
Relationship to supervisor
2.56
Areas perceived as weak 2.00 to 2.50 were:
(a)
Productivity
2.34
(b)
Scheduling
2.24
(c)
Relationship to City staff
2.19
(d)
i
Performance appraisal system
2.17
(e)
Innovation
2.10
(f)
Management of change
2.05
The
six objectives with total scores of less than a two or a
weak
rating were:
(a)
Labor management relationship
1,97
(b)
Relationship with City Council
1.95
(c)
Upgrading of the staff
1.75
(d)
Relationship with the City Manager
1.70
(e)
Employee morale
1.68
(f)
Internal communications
1.56
III. When
asked to list the three major strengths of
the Iowa City
Fire
Department these three factors were most often
mentioned:
(a)
Good equipment
(b)
The quality of the personnel in the Fire Department
�Jr�iS
3
(c) Response to fire.
Other strength factors addressed were:
(a) The fitness program
(b) Salary and job security
IV. Among the factors listed in response to the questions: "What
are the three major weaknesses of the Iowa City Fire Depart-
ment?" these were most frequently given:
1) Lack of a training officer
I
2) Poor leadership among officer staff
3) Internal communications
i
4) Lack of goals and inadequate policy formation
5) Chief lacks management training
6) Need for secretarial assistance and computer facilities
j 7) Need for additional manpower.
V. These short-term action steps (within the next 12 months) aimed
at correcting some of the departmental deficiencies were
suggested:
1) Hire a training officer
2) Improve communications within and between shifts
3) Improve working relationships between the firefighters and
the officers
4) Initiate a training program
5) Add a secretary
6) Increase manpower
7) Develop short- and long-range plans for the Department
i
8) Develop better personnel policies and procedures.
VI. Most personnel did not respond specifically to the final
question, i.e., action to be taken in the next three years.
i They either did not respond or indicated that the one year
action steps be continued.
I
i
158.5-
Table 1
Iowa City Fire Department Organizational Analysis Numerical Summary
July, 1984 Average Score
All Officers Firefighters
Respondents
N=41 N=11 N-30
Organizational Program:
Effective long-range planning
1.87
2.26
1.73
Application of new technology
2.07
2.55
1.90
Management by objectives
2.04
2.53
1.86
Development of successors
1.78
2.09
1.67
Support for individual growth
1.75
2.35
1.53
Key Organizational Objectives:
1.
Response to fires 4
•3.56
3.99
3.4
2.
Productivity of Staff
2.34
2.91
2.13
3.
Innovation
2.10
2.55
1.93
4.
Relationship of fire department:
'
a) to other city department
2.92
3.54
2.70
b) to city staff
2.19
2.63
2.03
c) to city manager
1.70
1.89
1.63
d) to council
1.95
2.07
1.90
5.
Ease of purchasing tools
2.82
3.08
2.73
6.
Ease of purchasing equipment
2.87
2.91
2.86
7.
Labor/Management relationship
1.97
2.26
1.87
8.
Scheduling of personnel
2.24
2.42
2.17
1570-
4
2. Work Environment Evaluations
Work environment scores were obtained for 39 members of the Fire
Department. Two of the returned forms could not be used for the
purpose of this evaluation. The Work Environment Scale (WES) is a
standardized instrument used to examine ten aspects of a person's
workplace. A more detailed description of the scales and a copy of
the instrument can be found in Appendix B.
Overall an examination of the results for the total sample would
indicate support for the attitude survey described previously. An
interpretation of the instrument would suggest that individuals
working at the ICFD:
a) Are not very enthusiastic about their jobs.
b) Do not feel a great deal of support from management.
c) Are not encouraged to be self-sufficient.
d) Do not feel as though their workplace encourages good planning or
an emphasis on getting the job done.
e) Do not know what to expect in their daily routines and how
explicitly rules and policies are communicated.
f) Do not feel that changes and new approaches are emphasized in the
workplace.
g) Feel that management uses rules and pressures to keep workers
under control.
h) Feel somewhat cohesive with their peers and some degree of work
pressure but it does not appear to be an extremely stressful work
setting.
A comparison between the officers and firefighters would indicate a
few differences between the groups. The officers, overall, rated the
environment in a somewhat more positive fashion. However, their
scores are still low and would indicate concerns about the workplace.
Main differences between the two groups would suggest that the
officers feel more support from management than firefighters. Table 1
would indicate differences between the two groups more specifically.
3. Examination of Staff Evaluations
Overall this entire area must be rated poorly. Evaluations did not
appear to be used for any purpose and for the most part did not appear
to be constructive. The Chief's Evaluation by the City Manager was
not very extensive and did not clearly specify areas for growth. The
rating system was not very useful and there appeared to be no consis-
tency over time. Overall this method was not helpful for evaluating
personnel decisions and suggests the need for a clear evaluation
process.
/53t. -
5
Personal Interviews
At the initial meeting it was agreed that each represented group of
the ICFD would suggest five people from each shift who would be
interviewed. Individuals from each shift were chosen based upon the
number of times they were mentioned. Eleven individuals chosen in
this manner were interviewed plus the three Battalion Chiefs and the
Fire Chief. In order to gather accurate information all participants
were guaranteed anonymity.
The questions for the structured interviews were developed after
evaluating the initial survey. The goal of this part of our evalua-
tion was to gather specific information not mentioned previously.
Overall our interviews substantiated and supported what we had already
known. The men had concern about leadership, the morale in the
department, relations with the City Manager, promotions, training,
relationships with peers, evaluations and internal communications.
For example, most of those interviewed described communications in the
department as being very poor. Reasons for the poor communications
included:
a) The Battalion Chiefs do not get along.
b) Chain of command does not work - men often talk around those
directly above them.
c) Few shift meetings and an abundance of rumors.
d) No training officer to be responsible for consistency of training
across shifts.
e) No clerk/typist.
f) No vertical trust within Fire Department or with City officials.
A second issue focused upon was employee morale. Overall, everyone we
talked to described morale as being poor. Examination on the survey
and the WES would certainly substantiate these findings. Reasons for
poor morale included:
a) The men not being busy enough.
b) Lack of clarity about daily objectives or long-term goals.
c) Poor leadership from the Fire Chief and the Battalion commanders.
d) Lack of support from the City Manager's office.
The issues of training and promotions were also described as effecting
employee morale. The.absence of a training officer has, according to
some, resulted in a lack of consistent training. On the other hand,
it was also mentioned that the lack of a training officer has resulted
in the firefighters becoming more responsible for their own training.
However, while others may agree with that conclusion, it appears that
/."?5
overall training and procedures have not been consistent across. all
shifts. This current training situation may result in difficulties
during a future fire when all shifts are forced to cooperate.
The method of promotions was a concern for a few of the men inter-
viewed. While some described the situation as being fair or currently
being changed, others suggested that promotions were a function or
religion or being friendly with the "right" people. For some, this
perception has resulted in their unwillingness to participate in the
promotions process.
One key area that was mentioned during the interview process focused
upon leadership and roles during a dangerous fire situation. Examina-
tion of the job descriptions were no help in understanding responsi-
bilities during a fire. In addition, some ,personnel described the
fire scene as being chaotic and leadership responsibilities not being
as clear as they might like in a dangerous situation. Some attributed
part of this to a lack of training in fire situations. It is not
clear whether there is a written policy about who is in charge, the
responsibilities of other officers, and cooperation between all shifts
at the scene of a fire.
Another area of concern focused upon planning. Everyone interviewed
described the department as doing very little about long-range
planning. Overall it appears that day-to-day issues are addressed and
crises are handled as they arise. The officers have had no management
training and yet are expected to "manage" a large department. The
interviews, combined with the other data, suggest that planning is not
done on any scale and that new and creative ideas are not presented
Into the system.
In summary, the information gathered in the interview process served
to support our other data. Areas found to be of serious concern
included promotions, planning, leadership, support from City govern-
ment, need for more personnel (i.e., training officer and secretary)
and internal/external communications.
Recommendations
The information collected presented a consistent picture of the Iowa
City Fire Department. There appears to be a great deal of agreement
among the men about working conditions and employment satisfaction.
Therefore, we recommend the following:
1. A meeting between the City Manager, Fire Chief and the evaluation
team to discuss the findings in detail.
2. Evaluate the roles of all command staff.
3. Provide management training for all officers.
4. Rehire training officer or place a Battalion Chief in charge of
training and begin to identify training needs. In addition,
explore the possibility of developing a training site with a
training tower. While this will initially cost a good deal of
money, it could be considered an investment in the future.
1-510✓
7
5. Provide adequate secretarial support.
6. Explore the possibility of hiring new firefighters in order to
allow a restructuring of the activities in the Chief and Battalion
Commanders. Without new personnel other changes will be more
difficult.
7. Organize monthly shift meetings with the Fire Chief. This time
would be used for open discussion and information dissemination.
8. Restructure command staff. Committee should be formed to develop
alternative structures including an examination of the number of
Battalion Commanders, Captains, and Lieutenants and their respon-
sibilities. Include in this an evaluation of supervisory respon-
sibilities at the substations.
9. Promotion policies must be shown to be clear of bias and all
individuals should perceive an equal opportunity for advancement.
10. In general, the Department is in need of new and creative ideas
and the leadership to implement these ideas. The promotions (from
within procedures) have not encouraged the development of new
programs. In addition, the lack of support for individual growth
has resulted in fewer personnel pursuing ideas and thus a creativ-
ity void. For example, techniques such as quality circles,
visitation to quality fire departments, and bringing in outside
firefighting experts to present new ideas would be useful.
11. Review all job descriptions and the policies and procedures
manual.
12. There needs to be a strengthening of the procedure for including
input from officers other than the Chief in the budgetary proc-
ess.
13. The current evaluation system is not used in a very effective
manner.
14. A system for long-range and short-range planning must be devel-
oped.
15. Steps should be taken to prepare the ICFD for the future hiring
and integration of women and minority personnel.
16. Fire Chief and Battalion Commanders should be relocated away from
the central fire station.
17. A study should be done to review the department's role in housing
inspections. Some of the personnel expressed an interest in the
department being responsible for inspections.
150-
7ha individuals wnrkino at the ICFO are a professional arouo who
w
tJ
Iowa City Fire Department
ORGANIZATIONAL ANALYSIS
Organizational Program:
Above
No program Weak Average Average Very Strong
Effective long—range
planning
Application of new
Technology
Management by
objectives
Development of
successors for
promotion
Support for
individual
growthT—
Key Organizational Objectives:
Above
Struggling Weak Average Average Very Strong
1. Response to
fires
2. Productivity of
staff
3. Innovation
4. Relationship of
fire department:
a) to other city
department _
b) to city staff
c) to city manager
d) to council ,�-
5. Ease of purchasing
tools S minor —
equipment, '
6. Ease
ooffpurchasing
C
L clicment 6 _
7. Laoor/Management
relationship _
8. Scheduling of
personnel _
9. Internal
communication _
10. Employee morale _
11. Relationship with:
colleagues
supervisors
12. Performance
evaluation
system _
13. Managing new
changes
14. Upgrading of
staff
that are the three major strengths of the Iowa City Fire Department?
What are the three major weaknesses of the Iowa City Fire Department?
What action can be taken to correct these weaknesses in the next 12 months?
In the next three yearn?
C) Other comments or concerns
Work Environment Scale
Mean Standard Scores
1
i 1
70
60
SO
40
3O
20
10
0
.+
wv,
a
o ff
a
m
r
e
n m
M 0
n o
o
p
r
o s
�e
—_� Firefighters
8
e
m
a
r
r m
m n
m
o
o
s
r
~
F
x
W
O
(N 30)
M
7
O
N
M
<
W
M
a
e
e
r
"o
"
r
".
— Officers
m
M
9
W
O
(N • 9)
O
r
Y
r
9
o
O
0
7
o
n
0
1
I . The wurk is really challenging.
2. People go out of their way to
help a new employee feel
contfurtable.
3. Supervisors tend to talk down
to employees.
4. Few employees have any im-
portant responsibilities.
S. People pay a lot of attention
to getting work done.
6. There is constant pressure to
keep working.
7. Things arc sometimes pretty
disorganized.
8. There's a strict emphasis on
following policies and
regulations.
9. Doing things in a different
way is valued.
10. It sometimes gets too hot.
11. There's not much group
spirit.
12. The atmosphere is somewhat
impersonal.
13. Supervisors usually
compliment an employee
who does something well.
14. Employees have a great deal
of (rnndnm to do as thev like.
20.
The lighting is extremely
good.
21.
A lot of people seem to be
just putting in time.
22.
People take a personal interest
in each other.
23.
Supervisors tend to discourage
criticisms from employees.
24.
Employees are encouraged to
make their own decisions.
25.
Things rarely get "put off till
tomorrow.'
26.
People cannot afford to relax.
27.
Rules and regulations are some-
what vague and ambiguous.
28.
People are expected to follow
set rules in doing their work.
29.
This place would be one of the
first to try out a new idea.
30.
Work space is awfully crowdbd.
31.
People seem to take pride in
the organization.
32.
Employees rarely do things to-
gether after work.
33.
Supervisors usually give full
credit to ideas contributed by
employees.
34.
People can use their own
..•-•_-..._ -- J- .1-.....
f
Alt
40. This place has a stylish and
modern appearance.
41. People put quite a lot of effort
into what they do.
42. People are generally frank
about how they feel.
43. Supervisors often criticize
employees over minor
things.
44. Supervisors encourage
employees to rely on
themselves when a
problem arises.
45. Getting a lot of work done is
important to people.
46. There is no time pressure.
47. The details of assigned jobs are
generally explained to
employees.
48. Rules and regulations are pretty
well enforced.
49. The same methods have been
used for quite a long time.
50. The place could stand some
new interior decorations.
51. Fewpeople ever volunteer.
57.
Employees are often confused
about exactly what they are
supposed to do.
58.
Supervisors are always
checking on employees and
supervise them very closely.
59.
New approaches to things are
rarely tried.
60.
The colors and decorations
make the place warm and
cheerful to work in.
61.
It is quite a lively place.
62.
Employees who differ greatly
from the others in the
organization don't get on well.
63.
Supervisors expect far too
much from employees.
64. Employees are encouraged to
learn things even if they are
not directly related to the job. •
65. Employees work very hard.
66. You can take it easy and still
get your work done.
67. Fringe benefits are fully
explained to employees.
68. Supervisors do not often give
in to employee pressure.
r.0 Th;— .—I ,� ,—, ;..., .6...n
74.
Employees function fairly
independently of supervisors.
75.
People seem to be quite
inefficient.
76.
There are always deadlines to
be met.
77.
Rules and policies are
constantly changing.
78.
Employees are expected to
conform rather strictly to the
rules and customs.
79.
There is a fresh, novel
atmosphere about the place.
80.
The furniture is usually
well -arranged
81.
The work is usually very
interesting.
82.
Often people make trouble by
talking behind others' backs.
83. Supervisors really stand up for
their people.
84. Supervisors meet with em•
pluyecs regularly to discuss
their tenure work goals.
85. There's a tendency for people
to come to work late.
86. People often have to work
overtime to get their work
done.
87. Supervisors encourage em-
ployees to be neat and orderly.
88. If an employee comes in late,
he can make it up by staying
late.
89. Things always seem to be
changing.
90. The rooms are well ventilated.
•�,� �, Irl. .�", , . . .. . • �, 1�.,�. 4Y, r• . �...a.�.
.,�', � .7JS.�,•-`�%r•?ib !.a+:.a�;::�:i�. 1�. 'a,. �2. � ' i�. •� ��1 `�L:
/ P
II The Walk Enultonment halt (WE$)
Rudolf H. Moos and Paul M. Intel
Rationale and Development
The Work Environment Scale (WES) assesses the social climate of all types of
work units. It focuses on the measurement and description of the Interpersonal
relationships among employees and between managers and employees; on the
directions of personal growth and development which are emphasized in the
work unit; and on the basic organizational structure of the unit. Several methods
were employed to gain a naturalistic understanding of the social environments of
work groups and to obtain an initial pool of questionnaire items. Individuals
were interviewed with regard to the characteristics of their work groups. Various
people were involved in writing a large range of items. Possible press dimensions
and additional items were adapted from other Social Climate Scales. These pro-
cedures resulted in an initial 200•item Form (A) of the WES.
The exact choice and wording of items was guided by a general formulation
of environmental press (Moos, 1974a). Each Item had to identify characteristics
of an environment which would exert a press toward Peer Cohesion or toward
Autonomy or toward Work Pressure. For example, a press toward Cohesion is
inferred from the following kinds of items: "People go out of their way to help
a new employee feel comfortable" and "People take a personal interest in each
other". A press toward Autonomy is inferred from these Items: "Employees
have a great deal of freedom to do as they like" and "Employees are encouraged
to make their own decisions". A press toward Work Pressure is Inferred from
items like these: "There is constant pressure to keep working" and "There
always seems to be an urgency about everything".
Form A was administered to about 75 individuals in a sample of five work
. groups. Preliminary analyses from this small sample indicated that a number of
items needed to be dropped and/or reworded. Some additional items were for.
mulated. These procedures resulted In the development of a 138 -item Form (B)
of the WES.
Form (B) of the WES was administered to employees and/or supervisors in 44
work groups (624 Individuals).* The sample Included a wide range of work groups
*Work groups tested Included: (1) Recreational and maintenance workers In several small
city parks, (2) professional and paraprofessional workers In a volunteer psychiatric out.
patient curie, (3) lanfton, maintenance workers, security officers and fire station attendants
employed in a university setting, (4) clty employees In purchasing and reproduction services,
recreation and community services, financial services and city cieds offices, (s) skilled main.
tenanceand public works employees, community development and community safety
workers and administrative services employees In city government, (6) hculty members In a
university arfillated nursing %hoot, (7) various employees In a small electronics firm, (a)
administrative and staff nurses working In a large Veterans Administration Hospital, (9)
maintenance and production workers In a large factory setting, (10) drivers, mechanics and
fork-lift operators working for a trucking firm and, (11) route salesmen, battlers and night
loaders employed at a large sort drink bottling plant.
16
to insure that the resulting sale would be applicable to the broadest possible
variety of employment situations. Both blue collar and white collar workers
were included.
The data from these samples were used to develop a revised 9O4tem, ten sub-
scale Form R (real) of the WES. The same psychometric test construction
criteria used with the FES (Page 3) were applied in selecting items for the final
Form R of the WES.
Table 2.1 lists the ten final WES Form R subscales and provides brief deftni•
tions of each. The Involvement, Peer Cohesion, and Staff Support subscales are
TABLE 2.1
Work Environment Sale Subscale Descriptions �.
Relationship Dimemlom
1. Involvement
Measures the extent to which workers are concerned and
commltted to thelrlobs,'Include) ltems des/fined to
reflect enthusiasm and constructive activity. e
2. Peer Cohesion
Measures the extent to which workers are friendly and
supportive of each other.
3. Staff Support
Measures the extent to which management is supportive
of workers and encourages workers to be supportive of
each other.
Personal Growth Dimensions
4. Autonomy
Assesses the extent to which workers are encouraged to
be self-sufficient and to make their own dre/Stan. In -
eludes items related to personal development and growth.
S. Task
Assesses the extent to which the climate emphasizes good
Orientation
planning, efficiency and encourages workers to yet Pr
lob done".
System Maintenance and System Change Dimensions
6, Work Pressure
Measures the extent to which the press of work doral•
notes the job milieu.
7. Clarity
Measures the extent to which workers know what to
expect In their dally'routines and how explicitly rules and
policies are communicated,
8. Central
Measures thaexrent to which morsogrmerst uses rules
and pressures to keep workers under control.
9. Innovation
Measures the extent to which variety, change, and new
approaches are emphasized In the work environment.
10. Physical
Assesses the extent to which the physical surroundings
Comfort
contribute to a pleasant work environment.
17
conceptualized as Relatlonshlp dimensions. These subscales assess the extent to
which employees are concerned and committed to their jobs, the extent to
which they are friendly and supportive of each other, the extent to which the
managers support and help employees and the extent of free and open expres•
tion within all these relationships. These subscales assess the type and intensity
of personal relationships existing among employees and between employees and
the management.
The next two subscales of Autonomy and Task•Orientation are conceptual•
ized as Personal Development or Personal Growth dimensions. These subscales
assess the extent to which employees are encouraged to be self-sufficient and to
make their own decisions and the extent to which the climate emphasizes good
planning, efficiency and "getting the job done'. These are two dimensions along
which self -development or personal growth may occur in different work groups.
The last five dimensions of Work Pressure, Clarity, Control, Innovation, and
Physical Comfort are conceptualized as assessing System Maintenance andSys.
tem Change dimensions. Work Pressure measures the extent to which the press
of work and time urgency dominates the work situation. The Clarity, Control,
and Innovation dimensions arc system•oriented In that they are related to keep-
ing the existing work group structure functioning in an orderly and coherent
manner and to changing and Improving the work milieu. Physical Comfort
assesses the degree to which the physical surroundings contribute to a pleasant
work environment.
Work Environment Scale Form R Test Statistics
The data from the 44 work groups that completed Form B of the WES was
restored on the 9D -item ten subscale Form R. The means and standard devia•
tions or the Form R subscales for this initial normative sample are listed In
Table 2.2. Standard score conversion tables are given in Appendix 2A. This is
a preliminary normative sample, but a relatively broad and varied one. Separate
norms for different types of work groups will be prescrited when more data
become available.
TABLE 2.2
Means and Standard Deviations of WES Form R Subscales
Subscales
IN • 44 Work Group,)
Aeerap
le
Mean
S.D.
Involvement
6.64
1.39
Par Cohesion
5.84
1.00
Staff Support
6.00
1.70
Autonomy
$.62
1.09
Ask Orientation
6.44
1.19
Work Pressure
4.37
1.65
Clarity
5.78
1'32
Control
5.05
1.655.08
Innovation
Innovation
1.84
Physical Comfort
4,6S
1.69
'Each subscale has nine Items
1B
Managers tend to perceive work groups somewhat more positively than
employees on each of the WES dimensions, with the exception of Work Pres•
sure and Physical Comfort. This finding closely coincides with results in other
environments, e.g., staff perceive the treatment environments of psychiatric
wards more positively than do patients, and teachers perceive the social environ•
ments of their classrooms more positively than do students.
The psychometric characteristics of the WES Form R subscales were evaluated
using Internal consistencies (Kuder•Richardson Formula 20), average Item -to -
subscale correlations and subscale intercorrelations. The internal consistencies,
which are given in Table 2.3, are all in an acceptable range. The average item•to-
subscale correlations are relatively high.
TABLE 2.3
Internal Consistencies and Average Itent•Subscafe
Correlations for WES Form R Subscales (N=624)
Sub¢alet
Internal
Aeerap
le
TABLE 2.4
Conthtency
Correlation
Korrelation
Involvement
As
.60
Peer Cohesion
.70
.48
Staff Support
.78
.56
Autonomy
.76
.51
Task Orientation
.78
.51
Work Pressure
.84
,S7
Clarity
,et
.ss
Control
.77
.SO
Innovation
.91
.63
Physical Comfort
.83
.53
Table 2.4 gives thf
scale intercomelalioni�.f
the Form R normative
sample (N=624). The aver•
age subscale intercorrela.
tions are around '.25, indi.
cating that the subscales
measure quite distinct
though somewhat related
aspects of work group
milieus. Even the highest
of these subscale intercor.
relations accounts for only
about 35 percent of the
total subscale variance.
19
TABLE 2.4
WES Form R Subscale Interc6rrelatlons (N=624)1
n
c
e
g
e
C
li
E
u
o
o
$
'D
o
S
aS
s -O
3
u
u
=
p
InvolvTment
59
S7
52
54
-08
44
-09
31
76
Peer Cohesion
SS
45
38
-21
43
-08
41
• 23
Stall Support
SI
77
-31
48
-71
47
70
Autonomy
Task Orientation
71
-17
32
-76
53
16
Work Pressure
11
/8
-35
76
23
11
-05
10
-34
Clarity
Control
18
27
42
Innovation
-18
12
70
s Decimals Omitted
19
Other Forms of the WES
The 400.item Short Form (Form S) A Short Form of the WES was developed
to permit relatively rapid assessments of work group climate. The method
used is described in the Overview (Moos, 1974a). The similarity of profiles
obtained using only four items from each subscale (Form S) as compared to
using the complete nine Items (Form R) was Investigated by calculating
Intraclass profile correlations between the 10 Form R and the 10 Form S
standard scores for 34 of the work groups in the normative sample. Twenty.
'four or the resulting 34 correlations were above .90, six were between .80
and ,89, two were between .75 and .79 and only two were below.75. It thus
appears that use of Form S results in a work group profile very similar to that
obtained using Form R. The first 40 items on the regular 90•(tem form are
the Short Form items. Short Form norms are ptesented in Table 2.5, with
standard score conversion tables in Appendix 2A.
TABLE 2.S
Means and Standard Deviations of WES
Short Form (Form S) Subscales
Subscales,
(N044 Work Groupil
Mean
S.D.
Involvement
280
0.71
Peer Cohesion
2.73
0.66
Staff Support
2.94
0.70
Autonomy
2.69
0.63
Task Orientation
2.51
0.70
Work Pressure
1.77
0,85
Clarity
2.33
0,79
Control
2.32
0.87
Innovation
2.40
0.89
Physical Comfort
2,04
0.83
' Each subscale has four Items
The /deaf Work Unit Form (Form f) The Form R Items and instructions
have been reworded so that employees and managers may answer them in
terms of the type of work group they would ideally like.* What kind of work
environment do they consider ideal? In what areas are employees' and man•
agers' goals basically similar? In what areas are they basically different? To
what extent do the managements' goals vary from group to group? To what
extent do foremen and/or managers of different socioeconomic backgrounds
have different views of ideal work groups?
Form I may be used in conjunction with Form R to Idedtify specific areas
in which employees and managers feel that change should occur. The dis•
crepancies between perceptions of the actual and an ideal work group can
-Available on request from the Publisher.
be used to attempt to change work groups to conform more closely to the
employees' and/or managers'stated values. Form I may also be used by it-
self to assess the general value orientations or possible value changes which
occur in a group over time. Form I has 90 items, each of which is parallel
to an item in Form R and the scoring keys for the two forms are identical.
The Expectations Form (Form E) The Form R items and instructions have
also been reworded so that Individuals can answer them In terms of what they
expect a work milieu to be like.- This Form may be useful in employment
counseling to facilitate prospective employees' and/or managers' discussions
regarding what they expect their work milieu to be like or in identifying the
expectations of employees when they are about to enter a new work situation.
A comparison of an individual's expectations of a work unit and the actual
climate as assessed by current employees and managers makes it possible to,
identify persons whose expectations might cause difficulties In adjusting to
the work situation (see Moos, 1974b; chapters 9 and 12). Form E Is directly
parallel to Form R, i.e., it has 90 items each of which Is parallel to an item
in Form R; the same scoring keys are used.
Clinical Interpretation of Work Unit Profiles
Some primary uses for the WES are to derive detailed descriptions of the
social environments of work groups, to compare employee and manager per-
ceptions, to assess work group changes over time, and to contrast different
work groups with each other. Various categories of employees may also be
compared with each other. Three illustrative profile interpretations are pre-
sented here. In these descriptions, the work group as a whole Is the
central object of study, analogous to the Individual patient In a clinical
case description.
Figure 2.1 compares the social milieus of two related but somewhat
different work groups. Work group 110 consists of three full-time and five
part-time city employees who maintain and supervise activities in a park in ; —
a small city. The 12 -acre park is located in a middle class neighborhood
and offers basketball, baseball, general play and picnic areas, a wading pool
for small children and a meeting room. Organized activities offered to the
200 daily users Include boys', girls', and women's sports leagues, movies and
crafts classes. The group had high turnover, i.e., six employees had left
their jobs in the previous six months.
The WES profile for the employees of this park shows a lack of emphasis
on the Relationship dimensions; Involvement is somewhat above average but
both Peer Cohesion and Staff Support are below average. On the Personal
Development dimensions, Autonomy and Task Orientation both receive
average emphasis, Three of the System Maintenance dimensions are highly
emphasized: Clarity, Control, and Physical Comfort. Work Pressure is seen
as below average. There Is no particular emphasis on Innovation. Thus this
work milieu is characterized by slime concern for and commitment to the
20 1 21
i�
U
J Figure 2.1 WES Form R Profiles for Employees in Work Groups
110 and 117
I ; 110
so
iR
70 cro
b i /
40
70 6-0 WaY Croup I l0 IN -6)
m
Work
C
e
-
ur
E
j,-
s
a
e a
e s
-
a
;
C
job, clear expectations regarding the daily routine, strong management con•
trol of the workers' activities and pleasant physical surroundings. However,
these emphases occur in a context of relatively little cohesive, friendly em.
ployee Interaction and even less management and employee support of other
employees, a fact which may be related to the high employee turnover rate.
Work group 117 is an administrative office in the Recreation and Com-
munity Services department of the same city. The WES profile for the six
employees in this group is also shown in Figure 2.1.
This work group is distinguished by strong emphasis on the Relationship
dimensions of Involvement and Peer Cohesion and about average emphasis on
Staff Support. Autonomy and Task Orientation are moderately to highly em-
phasized. Work Pressure is extremely high, nearly three standard deviations
above the norm. Control and Innovation are moderately to highly empha-
sized, while Clarity and Physical Comfort are rated as below average. This
group emphasizes enthusiastic commitment to the job and close Interpersonal
relations among employees. However, managers are not seen as particularly
supportive or encouraging. Independent decision-making is encouraged,
efficient performance of work tasks is emphasized and the press and urgency
of work dominates the milieu. Rules and routines are relatively unclear to
employees and the office is somewhat physically uncomfortable and un-
pleasant in appearance. Management maintains reasonable control over
employee activity, but employees are encouraged to develop Innovative
approaches to their tasks.
The differences between these two work groups are readily apparent. The
1 WES scores are more than one standard deviation apart on five of the ten di.
mensions. In the park work group, greater emphasis is placed on Clarity and
Physical Comfort. In the recreation and community services group, greater
emphasis Is placed on Peer Cohesion, Work Pressure, and Innovation.
Figure 2,2 shows work group 137, a group of seven dispatchers, and work
group 141,14 PBX operators, both employed by the plant services division
of a large private university. The dispatchers work in a milieu which de•
emphasizes the Relationship dimensions of Involvement and Peer Cohesion
while moderate emphasis Is placed on Staff Support. There is a moderate
amount of Autonomy, but little emphasis on either Task Orientation or N'
Pressure. Clarity and Innovation are also de-emphasized, whereas Control.
Physical Comfort are rated as about average. Group 137 is characterized by
moderate emphasis on staff support and encouragement of employees, Inde-
pendent decision-making, management control of worker activities and a
relatively pleasant physical setting. Employees are not very Involved -with
their work, nor are they very friendly towards each other. Good planning
and efficiency are not emphasized and the press of work is rather light. Final•
ly, there is little variety and change.
Figure 2.2 WES Form R Profiles for Employees in Work Groups
137 and 141
so
1-0 Work Group 177 IN•71
60 1 o--0 Work Group Lit IN- Ial
oro
c
>j 60 f �'O-0-►'4 U
N ser °�'.�� ��--•s\�•1•---••s-•--•+',.q,`�a..�...
70 \`� /
7 b
0
22 23
I
Work group 141, the PBX operators, have established a quite different
work environment. The three Relationship dimensions of Involvement, Peer
Cohesion and Staff Support receive an average level of emphasis. There is very
little Autonomy in the work group, but Task Orientation and Work Pressure
are fairly high, as might be expected with this sort of task. Clarity and Con-
trol are emphasized, but Innovation is not.. Physical Comfort is rated as well
below average. In this milieu the most emphasis is on good planning and effi•
elency, strong pressure to keep up with the work load, clarity of rules and
procedures, and management control of workers' activities. Commitment to
the job, and employee and staff support and encouragement of other em•
ployees are all moderately emphasized. Independent decision-making, new
approaches to the task and pleasant physical surroundings are not character-
istic of this milieu. Figure 2.2 shows that work group 137 (dispatchers) places
greater emphasis on StaffSupport, Autonomy and Physical Comfort. Work
group 141 (PBX operators) places greater emphasis on Involvement, Peer Co.
hesion, Task Orientation, Work Pressure, Clarity and Control.
Figure 2.3 demonstrates another use of WES profiles. The perceptions of
both employees and supervisors are presented In one profile, highlighting the
similarities and discrepancies in their perceptions of the work group. Work
group 114 Is a free psychiatric clinic operating In a medium-sized Eastern city.
The all -volunteer staff offer their services three evenings a week to 100-120
patients. Staff are divided into four subgroups: medical, non-professional
Figure 2.3 WES Form R Profiles of Employees and Supervisors
In Work Group 114
so 1
so {
760
0-07
\
•'o-i••___i...... I.....F.... /_'�.c�.�.t..... ..... __..�. ..
If b
to
b 0-411 Employees (N-241
O--0Memyels (N-31
20 r—r—T—"r-7—f—T—
counselling, psychiatric consultation, and administration. Patient problems
presented include birth control, venereal disease, adolescent crises, and drug
and alcohol problems.
The "employees" in the free clinic see the milieu as strongly emphasizing
the Relationship dimensions of Involvement, Peer Cohesion and Staff Support.
Workers are strongly committed to their jobs, give each other a great deal of
support and encouragement and receive support from their supervisors. Au-
tonomy is also very highly emphasized. Task Orientation and Work Pressure
are seen as somewhat below average. Thus independent dechlon•making by
workers is characteristic of the group, but efficiency and planning ahead are
not emphasized nor are deadlines and a sense of urgency about work output.
There is very little Clarity or Control, but Innovation is strongly emphasized.
Physical Comfort Is seen as about avenge. ,
The clinic supervisors agree quite closely with the workers' assessment or
the milieu on all but three subscales: the supervisors see Autonomy, Work
Pressure, and Clarity as somewhat higher than do the workers. In the case
of Autonomy, the supervisors are slightly more positive than the wakes,
but the workers basically agree that they are highly encouraged to be inde-
pendent and to make their own decisions. There are larger discrepancies on
Work Pressure and Clarity. The supervisors report an average level of eho-
phasis on these dimensions whereas workers see below average emphasis. The
differences on Work Pressure and Clarity can be illustrated by the following
items on which supervisors answered true at least 50% more often: "There
always seems to be an urgency about everything" and "People often have
to work overtime to get their work done" (Work Pressure); "Fringe benefits
are fully explained to employees" and "Supervisors encourage employees
to be neat and orderly" (Clarity).
2S
F
'I
24
counselling, psychiatric consultation, and administration. Patient problems
presented include birth control, venereal disease, adolescent crises, and drug
and alcohol problems.
The "employees" in the free clinic see the milieu as strongly emphasizing
the Relationship dimensions of Involvement, Peer Cohesion and Staff Support.
Workers are strongly committed to their jobs, give each other a great deal of
support and encouragement and receive support from their supervisors. Au-
tonomy is also very highly emphasized. Task Orientation and Work Pressure
are seen as somewhat below average. Thus independent dechlon•making by
workers is characteristic of the group, but efficiency and planning ahead are
not emphasized nor are deadlines and a sense of urgency about work output.
There is very little Clarity or Control, but Innovation is strongly emphasized.
Physical Comfort Is seen as about avenge. ,
The clinic supervisors agree quite closely with the workers' assessment or
the milieu on all but three subscales: the supervisors see Autonomy, Work
Pressure, and Clarity as somewhat higher than do the workers. In the case
of Autonomy, the supervisors are slightly more positive than the wakes,
but the workers basically agree that they are highly encouraged to be inde-
pendent and to make their own decisions. There are larger discrepancies on
Work Pressure and Clarity. The supervisors report an average level of eho-
phasis on these dimensions whereas workers see below average emphasis. The
differences on Work Pressure and Clarity can be illustrated by the following
items on which supervisors answered true at least 50% more often: "There
always seems to be an urgency about everything" and "People often have
to work overtime to get their work done" (Work Pressure); "Fringe benefits
are fully explained to employees" and "Supervisors encourage employees
to be neat and orderly" (Clarity).
2S
I
0
I
r
5. What type of support is there for individual growth?
City of Iowa Ch,
MEMORANDUM
Date: August 3, 1984
To: City Council
From: Rosemary Vitosh, Director of Finance Q Q U
Re: June Expenditure Listing
This memo answers questions regarding some items on the June expenditure
listing.
Under the Enterprise Funds section, there were many items with 'the
description "Miscellaneous". These items are refunds on water/sewer
accounts for deposits net of final bills and/or overpayments on accounts.
Under the Trust & Agency section there were many items with the descrip-
tion "Misc. Sales". These items were payments to those who have their
craft items sold by the Eldercraft Shop in the Senior Center. On future
expenditure listings, the descriptions for these two types of expenditures
will be changed to be more self-explanatory.
The expenditures paid to radio stations under the Enterprise Funds section
(KCJJ, KKRQ, KRIC and KRNA) totaling $1,261 were for radio advertising
done for the Transit System. The expenditure paid to 41MT Music and Sound
for $7,945.70 was for the purchase and installation of the new P.A. System
for the Senior Center.
The expenditure to Meardon, Sueppel, Downer & Hayes under the Special
Revenue Fund section was for legal costs incurred by the Emergency Housing
Project. They submitted their billings to the City for payment directly
from the CON funding allocation for this project.
bc5
1516
City of Iowa City
MEMORANDUM
Date: August 3, 1984
To: City Council
From: Joe Fowler, Parking Systems Supervise.��
Rosemary Vitosh, Director of Finance
Re: Parking on Block 64-1A
In the fall of 1984 the City of Iowa City Parking Systems anticipates a
shortage of parking spaces in the CBD. In order to provide additional
spaces, it is proposed that the parking lot located on block 64-1A be
upgraded and reopened.
The Parking Committee of the Downtown Association has recommended that the
lot be used for monthly permit parking. They suggested moving permits
from the Dubuque Street parking ramp to the lot to provide more ramp
parking for hotel guests and downtown shoppers. Rick Rich of Richard C.
Rich and Associates, the City's parking consultant, agrees with them that
this would be the most economical use of the lot as it eliminates the need
for hiring cashiers for an attendant lot.
As a result of excavation required for the Holiday Inn, the west end of
block 64-1A would have to be reasphalted and parking islands reinstalled.
The Street Department could perform the necessary repairs. Asphalt curbs
would be installed to replace the missing parking islands.
In addition to the paving repairs it would be necessary to purchase access
control equipment and two barrier gates. This equipment could be used at
a later date in either of the parking ramps. It would also be necessary
to install streetlights as the Holiday Inn blocks light from the plaza.
At the present time it cannot be determined exactly how many parking
spaces can be put into service. Final installation and grading must be
completed on the alley and turnaround area of the Holiday Inn before we
can identify the usable area. We anticipate approximately 90 spaces will
be available if we use all available space.
The estimated cost to open the block 64-1A parking lot is $10,000. $7,000
of this would be for equipment that would be used at other locations when
64-1A is developed. Delivery time for the necessary equipment is 6 weeks
because of special order paint.
Because of the heavy demand for parking during the fall months due to
football games and Christmas shopping it is necessary to open this lot
during the month of September. We will proceed with this project unless
Council notifies us to do otherwise.
bdw/sp
1597
City of Iowa city
MEMORANDUM
Date: July 30, 1984
To: Neal Berlin and City Council
From: Chuck Sthmadeke
Re: Existing Wastewater Treatment Plant Upgrade
In early 1984, as part of the FY85-89 capital improvements program review,
the City Council approved $550,000 for upgrading the existing wastewater
treatment plant. Attached is a list of the proposed repairs and improve-
ments. The majority of the work involves replacement of equipment which
has a useful life of 15 years.
If the City Council decides to expand the capacity and treatment capabil-
ity of the existing plant, then most of the proposed repairs will not be
compatible with that expansion.
Therefore, Public Works recommends not proceeding with any repairs which
are not necessary to maintain a reasonable level of reliability until a
decision has been made regarding the use of the existing plant.
Repairs that should be performed at this time are replacement of the
trickling filter arms (item 8) and the cooling coils at the Hawkeye lift
station (item 11) and therefore Public Works is proceeding with this work.
The total cost of this work is estimated to be $85,000.
bdw4/2
PROPOSED REPAIRS AND IMPROVEMENTS
EXISTING NATER POLLUTION CONTROL PLANT
IOWA CITY, IOWA
Plant
Unit
Proposed Action
1.
Headworks
Provide bypass; replace grit and
80,000
9.
screening equipment; provide for
Concrete and grating replacement
15,000
direct truck loading of grit.
2.
Pumphouse
Replace or repair raw sewage pumps;
11.
Hawkeye Lift
repair flow meter.
3.
Secondary Grit
Modify wall; replace grit valve weirs
Total
Removal
and anchors.
4.
Clarifiers
Replace weir brackets and anchorages;
replace buried valvas.
5.
Administration
Provide new raw sludge pumps.
6.
FinalClarifiers
Replace pumps.
7.
Digesters
New transfer pumps, gas compressors
and gas scrubber; rebuild piston
pumps; purge and renovate gas storage
Estimated
Project
Cost
$185,000
75,000
8,000
17,000
35,000
35,000
/5,?Af
sphere.
35,000
8.
Trickling Filters
Replace filter arms.
80,000
9.
,411 Units
Concrete and grating replacement
15,000
10.
Sludge Lagoons
Replace buried valves.
10,000
11.
Hawkeye Lift
Replace cooling coils.
5,000
Station
Total
„W, ff
/5,?Af
City of Iowa City
MEMORANDUM
Date: August 2, 1984
To: Neal Berlin and the City Council
From: Chuck Schmadeke C1,1
Re: Engineering Inspection Selection Procedure - Rochester Avenue Storage
Tank
This memo is in response to Glenn Shoemaker's comments at the July 31, 1984,
Council meeting.
Mr. Shoemaker stated that the scope of services was not clearly defined, and
therefore, the "low bidder" 'could take advantage of the City by not spending a
sufficient amount of time at the project site and employing unqualified
personnel to minimize costs. Mr. Shoemaker implies that this same engineering
firm would not take advantage of the City to maximize profits if an inspection
fee was negotiated.
Public Works feels that the work was clearly defined and, in fact, none of the
firms bidding the project, including Mr. Shoemaker, suggested any changes in
the scope of services prior to submitting their bid. Glenn Shoemaker was
obviously aware of the time and expertise required to provide construction in-
spection services since his firm had just completed a similar water storage
tank project in Coralville. In fact, the water tank was built by the same
contractor that is building Iowa City's tank.
As was mentioned in the previous memo to Council dated July 24, 1984, Public
Works selected three firms to "bid" the engineering inspection services. Each
firm is highly qualified, reputable, has experience with water distribution
systems, and has performed satisfactory work for the City in the past.
Veenstra and Kimn Inc. provided the City with a detailed listing by time and
dollars for all the work required.
Iowa City has a reputation of demanding high quality workmanship on construc-
tion projects and any inspection effort by an engineering consulting firm will
be closely monitored by the Engineering Division to insure this reputation is
maintained.
Enclosed is an article which discusses competitive bidding for engineering
.services. The Council should be aware that in April 1978, the U.S. Supreme
Court ruled against the National Society of Professional Engineers because the
Society prohibited its members from submitting competitive bids. Although it
would be inappropriate for the City staff to work with the Society to develop a
process for selecting engineers, the Society will be asked to provide comments
both on the consultant selection process and the bidding of consultant serv-
ices.
bdw/sp
Attachment
/589
. If he does not carry
.dverteatly involve the
. led client. In addition,
crabs: noun decision.
he profession. The high
lobbed by moonlighters
ng moonlighting should
ect to refrain from the
. public,andthe engineer
it education or training
or management duties
leve a means t0 increase
airy.
Boas should not do so:
)yer, (2) in cases where
ity insurance coverage;
�ashed firm.
15117 JANUARY 1980
COMPETITIVE BIDDING FOR A/E SERVICES—
WHY NDT?
By Kenneth C. Gibersan,' A. M. ASCE
Ian11oa0mtOM
The purpose of this paper is to review the history of consultant selection
procedures, the controversy concerning the price and qualification aspects of
the various selection procedures that are currently being utilized, and to propose
a method of competitive bidding for architecture/ engineering (o/E) services
that blends the "qualifications only" method of selection with the "price only"
method of selection. It is time that the profession became more responsive
to the needs of society and develop a standard procedure for the selection
of consultants for public or private projects that includes both price and
qualification factors. If the profession fails to make the necessary changes that
will meet the needs of society, then regulatory agencies will initiate the changes
without our consent or agreement.
"krone
The current controversy over she issue of competive bidding for A/E services
has been growing for over 17 yr.
Although much thought has been given to the subject, the profession is more
divided today than it was in 1965. Current recommended methods for selection
of engineers vary from one extreme to the other. while those that use or benefit
from our services are becoming more demanding and confused. The profession
must come to an agreement soon and keep pace with the changing marketplace.
Prior to World War II, consultants were highly respected professionals and
the terms of engagement were largely set by the consultant, not the client.
Then the market began to change; more work was available due to an increased
interest in sewage treatment, water quality, transportation, and structures. The
consultant became more of an extension of the client's staff than a specialist.
His time was in demand and with the increase in work came an increase in
the number of consultants and competition. With this increase in competition
Note.—Discussion open until June 1. 1980. To extend the closing dale one morin.
■ wriuen request muss be filed with the Manager of Technical and Professional Publications.
kSCE. This paper is part of the copyrighted Issues in Engineering—Joumal of Professional
Activities, Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineers. Vol. 106, No. Ell.
)=scary, 198u. Manuscript was submitted for review for possible publication on March
I. 1979.
'Project Manager, Raymond Vail and Assoc., Sacramento, Calif.
g5
/589
I
46 JANUARY 1980
came the problems associated with incompetency, cost cutting, poor quality
work. competitive bidding, and other undesirable practices.
"BROOKS Law"
The current controversy began in 1965, when the General Accounting Office
(GAO) of the Federal Government, in a report to Congress, raised the issue
that a fee paid by NASA for the design of a Nevada facility has exceeded
the statutory 6% limitation imposed by law. As a result of a government study
authorized by Congress. GAO recommended price competition for the selection
of consultants in April, 1%7.
The GAO recommendation caused considerable debate and controversy that
resulted in the enactment of Public Law 92-582 in October, 1972. PL 92.582.
commonly known as the "Brooks Law." is currently the law of the land and
should be well known by consultants and clients alike. The selection precess
is "on the basis of demonstrated competence and qualification . at fair
and reasonable prices." The exact procedure uses the method of ranking the
consultants based on competence and qualifications. ,A contract is then negotiated
with the highest qualified firm at a fair and reasonable price. If unable to negotiate
a satisfactory contract with the highest qualified firm, negotiations are formally
terminated and the second most qualified firm is invited for negnuation. The
process continues until a satisfactory contract is negotiated.
ASCE CONSENT Draxer
As a result of this changing mood, the United States Department of Justice
(DOJ) began to question the teamed professional's exemption from the Sherman
Anti -Trust Act. On May I. 1972. DOJ filed a complaint against ASCE for violation
of the Sherman Act with respect to restraint of interstate trade. Article J of
the Code of Ethics, the item that brought the DOJ suit against ASCE. declared
it unprofessional to invite or submit priced proposals under conditions that
constituted price competition. ASCE, deciding it was wiser to switch than fight.
signed a Consent Decree with the DOJ and remosed the offensive portion of
the Article from the Code of Ethics. The American Institute of Architects also
found it easier to switch, but the National Society of Professional Engineers
(NSPE) decided to fight the DOJ suit. After nearly 5.1/2 yr, and who knows
how many dollars, the United State Supreme Court ruled against NSPE on
April 25, 1978,
Vawoea Srlacnoa PRoczauRas
In the last 13 yr the profession has become more and more divided on the
subject of consultant selection procedures. While some of our fellow professionals
are in favor of a "qualifications only" method of selection, others are pushing
the "competitive bidding only" method. Bet%Pccn these two extremes is an
endless number of methods that consists of various combinations or the two
aforementioned procedures.
The politicians are just as divided as the professionals. The State or Texas
has passed legislation that makes it illegal to practice competitive bidding in
COMPETITIVE BIDDING a)
cutting, poor quality
obtaining professional services. On the other hand, the State of New Jersey
Department of the Treasury, has issued regulations that stress that competitive
bidding shall be used in the selection of professionals to provide engineering
services. At least four other states (Ohio. Maryland. Connecticut. and West
Virginia) currently require priced proposals for A/E services. The Federal
• oral Accounting Office
Government is covered by the "Brooks Law," a compromise between the Texas
-ess, raised the issue
aogr
and New Jersey statutes.
Ada facility has exceeded
The American Bar Association (ABA) Model Procurement Code for State
At of a government study
and Local Governments was approved by the ABA on Februa.-y 13. 1979. after
apetitiop far the selection
a m,mber or years of debate. The suggested statutory provisions of the Code
detailed a procedure for procurement of A/E services that is very similar to
bate and controversy that
the "Brooks Law" used by the Federal Government.
)ctober, 1972. PL 92.582.
Itisinterestine to nointhu during all this controversy the consultants providing
the law of the land and
services to Private indusiry have learned to live with competitive pricing for
ke. The selection process
A/E services. Price is often a kev tactor in the selection of professionals to
aualifacation . at fair
provide services to the private client. The ability of these consultants to continue
ate method of ranking the
contact is then negotiated
to practice while uttliaing Price competition demonstrates that price competition
i is
:ice. If unable to negotiate
compatible with professional services.
During all of this controversy, those who use or benefit from our services
. negotiations are formally
I have become more socially conscious and demanding. While we argue among
cited for negotiation. The
ourselves, the consuming public becomes confused, and out of the confusion
dated.
comes a growing mistrust that results in a selection process that does not yield
the best or mon efficient project.
If, as some of our colleagues would have us believe. engineers should be
more involved in the decision-making process• then we must be more responsive
tes Department of Justice
to the wants and needs of the consuming public.
!mption from the Sherman
No lunger can we, being the nation's problem solvers, use methodology that
against ASCE for violation
our forefathers found satisfactory: new methods must be developed if we arc
mate trade. Article 3 of
to regain the respect that is due a professional.
,t against ASCE, declared
t)s under conditions that
CPMPMVr Blgelao—Oxt AlrraaxTIVt
wiser to switch than fight,
the offensive portion of
Competitive biddinefor A/E services ran .e a viable method of selection
astimte of Architects also
if approached correctly. Competition is the basis of our free enterprise system.
if Professional Engineers
and a lack thereof will lead to tight legislative controls that the profession
.1/2 yr, and who kr..r+s
dces not need. Let', examine this method more closely.
ruled against NSPE on
The primary consideration of all engineers is the consultant's responsibility
to the client for a completed project that performs as expceteu and at an economical
cost. To this end, any method of selection should first consider puali!-.cs�ions.
expehence—avaTdduy, arta competenev. To inrure that the client re l •::es the
m� efficient fWi HEsmJect, none of these considerations should
and more more divided on the
mised. A standard method of prequalifying for a particular type of engmecring
if our fellow professionals
projectianld he established tltal'uFdhiddpefine very similarly to the censtrnction
ction, others are pushing
contractors licennng procedure. That is. upon qualification, an engineer could
iese two extremes is an
seek a particular ripe of project and the client would lipowihat the engineer
combinations of the two
Ttas some eipertrsc in that area. Galion on the client's pari would
e s.ptiiinaI. direndme on the comple,ity of the particular project.
tais. The State of Texas
In all methods of selection, a scone of services is prepared as to the exact
e competitive bidding in
nature and extent of the wort to be accompiished. If this scope --of
15-19.
48 JANUARY 1980
is;before the sei Y process begins, instead of after the selection
of an engineer, then all concerned (the client and the prospective consu tants).
Precisely know the requirements of the project and the commitment of personnel
and equipment necessary.
Under this selection process, the client is required to have a thorough knowledge
Of his technical requirements as well u his overall total project or performance
requirements. The client that has little or no technical knowledge has a definite
disadvantage in that he is required to hire a consultant to develop these technical
requirements and to evaluate the submitted bids. The�rWcetive bidders (the
consultants) do have the opportunity to recommen tt t the owner, in confidence,
Vol ideas or methodi that are not contained in the techniea revuemetlt_thpt
'may prove to be more advaritageous_or _conomical. The client. in his best
interest, will constileiihe suggestions made by the bidders and evaluate them
in a fair and equitable manner.
Perhaps the procedure for competitive bidding far A/E services after the
prequalifying process would be as follows:
I. The client would select a number of consultants that are the more desirable
for a particular project and ask them to submit proposals.
2. Each consultant would review the scope of services for the technical and
performance requirements of the project as Prepared by the client.
3. Each consultant would then prepare two septrate proposals. The first
Proposal would address the traditional considerations such as ea peruse, education.
availability, staffing, equipment, and any recommendations that may improve
the technical requirements leading to a more economical or efficient project.
The second proposal would be the price or cost proposal addressing the specific
requirements that the client has proposed and the time element invoked in
the project.
4. The client would then evaluate the traditional Proposals and rank the
consultants in order of Their quglilications. Included in this elevauen is as re —
iew
ort consultant's program for the continuing professional development of his
staff. The lack of such a program is a clue that perhaps the consultant does
not make a effort to keep his staff current in the latest developments within
the profession and that his services may be reflected accordingly.
S. The client would then open and review the cost proposals, if there arc
major differences in the respective proposals, further analysis
m�y� a
or the client's technical consultant is indicated. II'the respective cost propclientosals
'are to substantial conformance with the traditional proposals, then the best
qualified consultant is selected.
CAattuvoks
This writer his heard all of the old arguments against competitive bidding.
If the problem solvers of society cannot devise a system for competitive bidding,
whether it be the one described in this paper, or another, then the DOJ will
do it for us and we cannot live with that. can we? Other professional societies'
are changing their attitudes on age-old Issues and we must also make the change.
The 19th Century British author John Ruskin is well known for his short
eommenlary on economics;
/sig
L
COMPETITIVE BIDDING a9
after the selection I There is hardly anything in the world that some men cannot make a little
:cave consu tants), worse and sell a little cheaper, and the people who consider price only
Intent of personnel I are this man's lawful prey.
oto have a thorough knowledge
J total project or performance
,oal knowledge has a definite
mat to develop these technical
Theros ective_bidders (the
a t
•o the owner, m confidence,
se tee aic reauirvrIItAts that
:ieal. The client in his best
x bidders and evaluate them
g for A/E services after the
its that are the more desirable
vposals.
services for the technical and
red by the client.
separate proposals. The first
s such as expertise, education.
nendations that may improve
aoomical or efficient project.
mposal addressing the specific
:he time element involved in
anal ro osals and rank the
ed�ivall0n IS a review
afessional development of his
perhaps the consultant does
7e latest developments within
sed accordingly.
: cost proposals. If there are
amber analvsis by the client
the respective cost proposals
nal proposals, then the best
against competitive bidding.
.stem for competitive bidding,
r another, then the DOJ will
! Other professional societies'
to must also make the change.
is well known for his short
The clieat that considers price only is trul, the unscrupulous or inexperienced
engineer's lawful prey, or victim. Any bid that is submitted must be considered
both on the basis of price and recommendations. Discrepancies that arise, be
they in qualifications or price, should be investigated further.
Engineering is a creative an that is very demanding of one's time and energy.
Being a professional engineer, the writer is proud of his work. An efficient
and economical project. a satisfied client. and a reasonable profit are the rewards
Of a competent and ethical engineer.
Today's world is changing at an alarming rate. The increased awareness of
consumers and the vulnerability of government officials to public pressure are
picking our profession apart. If the profession is to take a leading role in the
future of society. then we must realize that the methodology of yesteryear.
which was sufficient. is no longer applicable in tcday's world. Unless the
profession becomes more responsive to the consuming public's desires and takes
a fresh and modem stand on this controversial subject. we will become the
lawful prey of groups like the United States Department of Justice.
OrPINOta: RIFIRINCla
I
L
I. Zwoyer. E.. "ASCE Signs Consent Docree on Competitive Bidding," Civil Engineering,
ASCE. Vol. 42, No. 7, July, 1971• pp. 37-70•
2. Daly, Leo A.. "Competitive Bidding: Professions at the Crossroads," Consubing
Engineer. Vol. 45. No. 1, July. 1975, pp. 40-42.
3, Drange, D. O.. -Should Consultants Offer Their Services for Bid?," Public B'orks,
Vol. 106• No. 1. Jan.. 1975• pp. 64-66.
4. "New Jersey Calls for Bids on Some A•E•P Contracts," £ngineerfng Newr•Record,
Vol. 195. No. 11. Sept. 25. 1977, pp. 11.
5. Traeger, 1.. "Competitive Bidding: Price Proposals Threaten Profession•" Consulting
Engineer, Vol. 45, No. 1. July, 197$, pp. 46-5.
i
/Sal
City of Iowa Live
MEMORANDUM
Date: July 19, 1984
To: honorable Ilayor and City Council
I
From: James Brachtel, Traffic Enginee
Re: Highway 1 and Highlander Drive
Recently the City Council requested that Iowa Highway /1 in the area of the
newly platted Highlander Drive be studied in light of two concerns. The
first concern would be the lowering of the speed limit on Iowa Highway i1 and
the addition of a right turn/deacceleration lane leading into Highlander
Drive.
Both of these changes will require the approval of the Iowa DOT. Therefore,
I have sent a letter to the Iowa OOT requesting that the OOT study both
matters.
In the past it has taken approximately two months for the Iowa 00T to
complete and forward the results of a speed limit study. I will keep the
Council advised of any information received from the Iowa OOT regarding this
matter.
bj4/13
1590
CITY OF IOW/\ CITY
' CIVIC CENTER 410 E. WASHINGTON ST. IOWA CIN, IOWA 52240 (319)356-500C)
July 30, 1984
TO: All Licensed Master Plumbing Contractors
FROM: Dick Frantz, Senior Building Inspector
At the request of several plumbing contractors, a meeting will be
held on Friday, August 3, 1984, at 3:00 p.m. in the City Manager's
Conference Room, to discuss areas of concern relating to the enforcement
of the 1982 Uniform Plumbing Code. The Building Inspection staff
will be present to answer all questions.
1571
City of Iowa C1t%
MEMORANDUM
DAW August 3, 1984
T0: City Council
FOOM' Human Rights Commission
INS Fair Housing Assistance Training Program
PJB would like to extend an invitation to City Council members to attend
this year's Fair Housing Assistance Program Training Conference to be held at
the Ironmen Inn from August 6 - 10. Attached is a schedule of all conference
sessions, which are free and open to the public.
There will be a hospitality room, Room 2113, open from 6:OOpm daily
during the week of the conference. Please stop by and join us!
/s9z
CITY OF IOWA CITY
CNIC CENTER 410 E. WASHINGTON ST. IOWA CITY, IOWA 52240 (319) 356-5013
July 31, 1984
FOR DMMIATE RELEASE
Contact: Phyllis Williams 356-5022
Paula Klein 356-5044
Iowa City will be the host of this year's Fair Housing Assistance Program
Training Conference to be held August 6 - 10, 1984. Coming together under the
theme "Open Minds ... Open Doors", over 75 civil rights staff, administrators,
and human rights commissioners from Region VII of the U.S. Department of
Housing and Urban Development will meet for the week at the Ironmen Inn for
intensive training in investigative and conciliation skills, fair housing
case analysis, disability discrimination, and'media/outreach programming.
The Rights Advocacy Training Service of Louisville, Kentucky will conduct
a number of workshops, while Dr. Roy Abbott of Salinas, Kansas will be
presenting a general session on '%tivation and Burnout" for civil rights
workers. Paula Klein of the Iowa City Civil Rights Division will be serving
on a general session panel addressing media and outreach efforts in the civil
rights field.
The Fair Housing Assistance Program (FHAP) was established to provide funding
to state and local human rights agencies for work in the area of fair housing,
including education and outreach efforts, investigation of housing complaints,
and conciliation in cases of housing discrimination. These training sessions
sponsored each year by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
serve to coordinate the various funded agencies as well as to provide a forum
for new and creative ways to aid state and local efforts to provide equal
housing opportunities for all.
The public is invited and encouraged to attend the FHAP conference, and more
information can be gotten by calling.the Civil Rights Division at 356-5022.
0Q-
fi
BASIC INVESTIGATION TRAINING
Intake
D. Jones
Defining the Issues
F. may
Single Issue Complaint Investigation
F. pay
j
Interviewing
J. Smith
Report Writing J
/N
L. Hoover
Conciliation/Negotiation w�� W
E. Gibson
Settlement
V. Wilkes
Caseload Management
M. Lorenz
LU
ADVANCED INVESTIGATION TRAINING
H
UA
investigative Techniques and Timesavers
'R.A.T.S.
x
w
Advanced Fair Housing Case Analysis
R.A.T.S.
o
x
a
=
Evaluation of the Case
Z
Report Writing
UA
Determination of Relief
R.A.T.S.
a
c
Advanced Remedies
v
Conciliation
R.A.T.S.
o
Q
Negotiating to Achieve Comprehensive Relief
o
'
�
a
:Rights Advocacy Training Service
COMMISSIONER AND ADMINISTRATOR TRAINING
Advanced Management Skills - Panel
Decision Making
Communication
Conflict Resolution
Problem Solving
Preparation for Speechmaking and Presentations
Media
Proposal Writing for Type 11
GENERAL SESSIONS
Motivation/Burnout
Standards of Proof
Technical Assistance to Complainants
W Case Law Update
a Disability Discrimination
K
W Interface with HUD Programs - Panel" - E. Owens
c a
i M. Madrigal
R. •McGuffin
z
W "Media/Outreach - Panel - L. Myers
E. Calderon
P. Klein
UA
0
z
a
L. Martin
A. Reis
D. Grove
J. Clarkson
L. Myers
G. Wilson
Or. Abbott
J. James
J. James
K. Holbert
R. Ardinger
/52L
AUGUST 6. 1984
MONDAY
8:30 - 12:00
Training Committee
Meeting
Meeting with
Resource
Persons
Registration
12:00 - 1:00
Lunch
1:00-•2:30
Motivation/
Burnout
2:30 - 4:00
Modules
1) Basic
2) Advanced
3� Commis#ion/
Administrator
AUGUST 7. 1984
TOES DAY
8:30 - 12:00
Modules
f) Basic
2) Advanced
3) Commissioner
Administratc
12:00 - 1:00
Lunch
1:00 - 4:00
Standards of
Proof
Technical
Assistance to
Complainants
AUGUST B. 1984
8:30 - 12:00
Modules
1) Basic
2) Advanced
3) Commissioner/
Administrator
12:00 - 1:00
Lunch
1:00 - 4:00
Case Law Update
AUGUST 9. 1984 AUGUST 10. 1984
THURSDAY I FRIDAY
8:30 - 10:30
Interface with Other
HUD Programs
10:30 - 10:45 Break
10:45 - 12:00
Media/Outreach Panel
12:00 - 1:00
.unch
1:00 - 4:00
)isability
3SN3d%3 0AH 1N3WNN3A00 N
8:30 - 12:00
Closing Darks
Evaluations
Awards I
12:00 - 1:00
Lunch
•. 4,
STATE OF IOIIA
BEFORE THE PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT RELATIONS BOARD
CITY OF IOWA CITY, IOWA, )
PUBLIC E14PLOYER )
AND 1
CASE NO. 2738
AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE, COUNTY )
& MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES (AFSCME) LOCAL )
NO. 183, )
CERTIFIED EMPLOYEE ORGANIZATION
RULING ON OBJECTION TO PROPOSED DECISION ON AMENDMENT
On June 11 and 12, 1984, respectively, employee Lori Benz and the Iowa
City/Johnson County Senior Center Commission filed objections to the proposed
decision in the above described amendment of unit case, pursuant to 4.2(6)(c)
j of the Board's Rules. Both objections allege that the Senior Center Program
Specialist should not be amended into the existing AFSCME unit because such a
position is supervisory in nature.
The parties involved waived hearing and affidavits were taken on June 27,
1984.
Basically, the assertion of supervisory status for the Program Specialist
rests largely on two distinct duties of the position. The first is that the
Program Specialist must implement a volunteer program for the Center's dispersion
of services and activities. The position accomplishes this by. utilizing and
coordinating senior volunteers for the various activities. All Center activities
are conducted by volunteers and the volunteer program includes about 180
1S9-4
individuals who are not city employees and do not receive compensation. Clearly
� such volunteers are not "employees" within the meaning of the Act. As a require-
ment for being determined a supervisor, the individual must "supervise" other
i
employees. "Supervision" of other non -employees does not exclude a person as
a supervisor. See e.g., Prairie Community School District, 75 H.O. 193 and
I related cases.
I
The second basis for the allegation of supervisory status is the Program
Specialist's assumption of the duties of Senior Center Director in that employee's
absence. The Director is absent on a daily basis an average of about one hour
per day, during which the program specialist is "in charge" and performs the
Director's duties in administrative areas.
In supervisory determinations, the employee's regular functions and respons-
ibilities are determinative; temporary or occasional service as a supervisor is
not disqualifying. City of Davenport v. PERB, 264 N.1I.2d 307, 315 (1978).
Based upon the case law and the facts contained in the affidavits, the
position of Program Specialist is not supervisory in nature. Therefore, the
objection is dismissed and final approval for the amendment is hereby given.
IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that the unit described below is amended as
follows:
INCLUDED: All City of Iowa City employees
EXCLUDED: Library employees, sworn police and fire employees,
supervisory and confidential employees, and any
others excluded by Section 4 of the Act. *
-2- 15X1'
Positions now INCLUDED in the unit: Assountant/Accounting Division, Energy
Coordinator, Program Specialist, Administrative Secretary/Recreation Division,
Senior Accountant/Accounting, and Account Clerk/Accounting.
* Positions now EXCLUDED from the unit: Broadbank Telecommunications Specialist,
Forester/Horticulturist, Senior Account Clerk/Parks and Recreation.
DATED at Des Moines, Iowa this 27th day of July, 1984.
FOR THE PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT RELATIONS BOARD
4t4E0A.q1c?=NB A D M MS R
-3-
Biu Would B' ,lnpt res WAU MM" JOUMA4 1Lrdq, AnSW X IM
Cities From Paying
In Antitrust Cases
By PXIM H,Tanaa
arpsrs~*(Tmw• sawaweaaoaw.
t+yASHI MUN — The Hare Judidw
Conn" vcud to mmpt wo gmw
mea that vwlm —t'Vm Ln ham the
kw requirement that they pay elctim
em=cked by a panrtil Coiter
tie d Iota! govmammL seetlsg to ahmf•
No their current espoere to atdfhmt 4w•
oda, to whkb ekYlme ate awarded z
damuea the Hee mmmaree's meed
In benne ed pending Caen. It rein a*
the penalty fa aWhnei eldatime by local
goretometb their MUM sed buduee
On Acting
eaW�og fora UK In the aMind %Mw
eelo*dm
Caagreaeieal staff members On tai
meaute a good chance d cieadog OMmee
this year. Me Smote bee attached a Odlar
rider to an approp phone bW, sed Senate
miciary Caendttee rbahmao Stmm'IDw
mood lR. M) hu pied for quirt aetlm.
as mrb legisladae. .
Camtka; dtlu and towOs became
Warmed about their Ilablllty after Suprenr
Court nillags In 1978 and 7952 cariSed that
they cmdud� spedEafb' wee awb lammed by
their stats I.
The caneern escalated a* the Kar 6
ter a court entered a FD.S mom
trlpledamage ludgmeet agaim the vlllaga'
of Grayslake. M. with a populaUM of 5M.
Ed adobafag We CMW..'Rat Judi
met, awarded to a real-estate demWw
who wee denied sewer cmDecowe, a being
appealed.
Ue Gnyalake cue V&*kO demon
ehated m tltJn thWt they and their amen
caYW tae atpmdre dunye JudgmenteEa
a wide variety d adlrttlee raaglq ham
awarding cable televidm franrbaa to sea
log eleetrle peau ham a muskW plot
Hep. Henry %* R. m) emerted yw
.Hoose bili wouldn't prevent sue
a w pwndfb ham cmtlnwol
their attorneys' fen from ofe
end mninesees ac ft under ord
But the 'Judiciary Conant
fee July L Under the committee's d
even trfpledamage awards that aro b
appnfed, such u the Grryeake we, w
be CMIUted by thg legaatlao. •..: ' .
/59f1
l
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/ IOAM-Staff Mtg.
&M-Magistrate
3
$�
(Conf Roc m)
Court (Chambers)
7:30PM-Riverfront
Comm (Law Libra
7: 30PM-Formal P&Z
(Chambers)
10AM-Staff Mtg
9
to
8AM-Magistrate
Court (Chambers)
(Conf Room)
3PM-Senior Center
SAM-Magistrate
Court (Chambers)
9AM-SPM-ICMA
Comm (Senior Ctr)
4:30PM-Board of
�.
Deferred Comp
(Conf Room)
Adjustment (Chamb
7PM-Parks & Rec
•
7`3pPN-rhyr) r
Comm (Ric Center)
Re
7:30PM-Historic
Preservation Comm
/,iSk7p/wIaCCSb
(Conf Room)
l z
l3
/S
/6
f7
/P
BAM-Magistrate
Court (Chambers)
8:30AM-Housing
Appeals Board
LOAM-Staff Meeting
BAM-Magistrate
(Conf Room)
(Conf Room)
Court (Chambers)
6:30PM-Informal
9:30AM-Housing
Council (Conf RM,
Comm (Conf Room)
7:30PM-Informal
SPM on - Reserved
7:30PM-Airport Com
7:30PM-Formal P&Z
i (Chambers)
P.&Z (Law Library)
(Conf Room)
(Conf Room)
70OPM-Council Mt
(Chambers)
l�
as
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211
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8AM-Magistrate
Court (Chambers)
GAM-Broadband
Telecommunication
LOAM-Staff Meeting
(Conf Room )
-Magistrate
�.�
Comm (Conf Room)
Court (Chambers)
7AwgCoOmer,
3:30PM-Committee
on Community
4PM-Library Board
(Public
(Public Library)Heeds
Library)
26
27
303/
SAM-Magistrate
IOAM-Staff Meeting
SAM-Magistrate
Court (Chambers)
(Conf Room)
Court (Chambers)
6:30PM-Informal
SPM on - Reserved
(Conf Room)
Council (Conf Pin )
7:30PM-Council Mt:
7: YPM-Human lits
(Chambers)
Comm (Senior Ctr)
f;.4-lk
City of Iowa City
MEMORANDUM
DATE: August 10, 1984
TO: City Council
FROM: City Manager
RE: Material in Friday's Packet
Copy of letter from Mayor McDonald to President Freedman regarding the
Junior Olympics.
Memorandum from the Assistant City Manager regarding tour of Downtown
Holiday Inn.
Memoranda from JCCOG:
a. Expansion of Dubuque Street Ramp
b. Charter Coach Request
c. Council Referral - Mormon Trek and Melrose Avenue Intersection
Memorandum from the Director of Human Relations regarding City Employee
Newsletter.
Monthly report of the Police Department for July
CITY UF IOWA CITY
CIVIC CENTER 410 E. WASHNGTON ST. IOWA CITY. IOWA 52240 (319) 356-5000
August 3, 1984
Mr. James 0. Freedman, President
The University of Iowa
Jessup Hall
Iowa City, Iowa 52242
Dear President Freedman:
The City Council of Iowa City was very pleased when Iowa City was selected
for the site of the 1985 American Amateur Athletic Union's Junior Olym-
pics. However, we find distressing the recent news that this event is in
jeopardy due to the construction of the new indoor football practice
facility and resulting unavailability of an outdoor track for the event.
I urge you on behalf of the City of Iowa City to accelerate the construc-
tion of an outdoor track facility, or to pursue another alternate solution
so that the University of Iowa and Iowa City can accommodate the Junior
Olympics in 1985. This event will have a very positive effect on the
University of Iowa, the City of Iowa City, and the local and area business
communities. The University of Iowa and the people of this community can,
on the other hand, contribute greatly to the success of this event. In
short, given adequate facilities, I feel we will successfully combine our
efforts to be the "perfect host."
I know that you agree with my assessment of the community as a potential
host and I trust that you will make every possible effort to ensure that
the 1985 Junior Olympics can be held here.
Please let me know if there is anything the City of Iowa City can do to
assist you in this regard.
S 4 ly yours
ohn McDonald
Mayor
tp4/1
cc: City Council -V
City Manager
Director of Parks and Recreation
City of Iowa City
MEMORANDUM
Date: August 7, 1984
To: City Council4
From: Dale Helling, Assistant City Manager
Re: Tour of Downtown Holiday Inn
The Council tour of the downtown Holiday Inn will begin at 6:30 p.m. on
August 13, 1984. All Councilmembers and staff participating in the tour are
to assemble at the trailer inside the fenced area immediately south of the
City Plaza. The fenced area can be entered though the gate on South Linn
Street.
Because of sand and other debris on the construction site, you should avoid
wearing shoes with open toes or other types of footwear which do not afford
adequate protection.
The tour is scheduled to last approximately 45 minutes. Councilmembers will
have access to the conference room prior to 6:30 so that you may leave
packets or other materials here rather than carrying them with you on the
tour. In case of rain, we will assemble in the Dubuque Street parking ramp
near the northwest stair tower and exit gates.
bdw2/7
cc: Marian Karr
Doug Boothroy
Don Schmeiser
Bob Jansen
Dick Boyle
Chuck Schmadeke
Frank Farmer
Andrea Hauer
/S9G
Johnson CLmy Council of Governa, its
410 E.Vvt1Shington St. b vo Gty, b✓ o 52240
rr o
Date: August 8, 1984
To:,, 1n��1�City Manager and City Council
From:fJohn Lundell, Transportation Planner
Re:��`` Expansion of Dubuque Street Ramp
The City staff and consultants have completed the structural analysis of the Dubuque
Street ramp. The analysis confirms that a maximum of two additional decks may be
constructed on top of the existing ramp, thereby increasing the total capacity from
450 to 630 spaces. Since it is not possible to complete construction of these
additional decks before the Christmas shopping season, the following schedule is
proposed:
August 21 - Execute agreement with HLM/Rich for design and contract documents
November 13 - City approval of contract documents
November 20 - Public hearing on plans and specs
December 18 - Receive bids
December 24 - Award contract
January 8 - Start construction
June 4 - Occupancy
The project will be phased so as to minimize the amount of disruption to the
operation of the ramp. However, a minimum of one floor of the ramp will be out of
use during construction.
In addition to this expansion, other internal circulation modifications will be made
to facilitate traffic movement. Also, the design of'these two additional decks will
be such as to allow integration with a possible future parking facility on Parcel
64-1a.
The estimated construction cost for this expansion project is $1,558,000 and has
been included in the parking system financial feasibility report you recently
received.
At. your August 13 informal meeting the staff and consultants will be present to
answer any questions. At this meeting we will request your approval to move into
the design phase of this project. Thank you.
cc: Don Schmeiser, JCCOG Director
Dave Roe, HL14
Rick Rich, Rich & Associates
Chamber of Commerce Parking Committee
/sp
/S97
Johnson Ci- .nty Council of Governor... )ts
� 410E.Mshing[onSt b*a 0cy b*a 52240
Date: August 9, 1984
To: City Council and City Manager
From: I, rJohn Lundell, Transportation Planner
Re: Charter Coach Request
Mr. Jeffrey W. Fleckenstein of Charter Coaches, Inc. recently corresponded with the City
Council regarding their use of the Downtown Transit Interchange (DTI) for a Cedar
Rapids -Iowa City commuter service. I have discussed this issue with Mr. Larry McGonagle,
Transit Manager, Mr Phil Spelman, Bus Depot Manager, and several downtown merchants.
Larry McGonagle foresees possible increased ridership for the local transit systems from
the commuter service users. Presently there may exist some limited space in the DTI for
the commuter vehicles. However, as new local transit system routes are established these
spaces will quickly be taken.
Mr. Spelman indicated there currently are five trips to Cedar Rapids being provided out
of the bus depot by Jefferson Lines, Burlington Trailways, and Kincaid. He indicated
that Charter Coaches has not contacted him regarding the use of the bus depot for this
service. Bus lines must pay a percentage of their gross sales in order to operate out of
the bus depot.
Several downtown merchants have contacted me to express their concern over the proposed
operation out of the DTI. Their apprehension stems from the possible loss of downtown
shoppers who might use this service to shop in Cedar Rapids.
My recommendation is not to allow Charter Coaches to utilize the DTI. My reasons are as
follows:
1. Charter Coaches would be provided an unfair advantage by being allowed to use space
in the DTI while other existing service providers must pay a fee to use the bus
depot.
2. Allowing Charter Coaches to use the DTI would likely lead to requests from other bus
and taxi operators for similar space. Previous City Council decisions have been to
deny requests from taxi operators to use the DTI since it was meant for public
transit services.
3. Congestion in the DTI has been discussed at great length by previous City Councils
and allowing Charter Coaches along with future requests would only contribute to the
problem. As mentioned earlier, spaces in the DTI are already at a premium and it is
likely that Iowa City Transit will be establishing some new routes in the near
future.
Thank you and I will be present at your August 13 informal meeting to answer any ques-
tions.
cc: Don Schmeiser, JCCOG Director
Larry McGonagle, Transit Manager
Phil Spelman, Bus Depot Manager
Jeffrey Fleckenstein, Charter Coaches
1.7f
Johnson 0 'nty Council of Governrr,its
410EWbshingtonSt doa City bAa 52240
Date: August 7, 1984
To: -City Manager and City Council
From*Council
John Lundell, Transportation Planner
Re: Referral - Mormon Trek and Melrose Avenue Intersection
The JCCOG Transportation Planning Division has been working with the City
Engineering Division and the University of Iowa to study the Melrose -Mormon
Trek intersection and to develop solutions. On July 17 the Transportation
Planning staff conducted a 16 hour (6 a.m.-10 p.m.) traffic count at this
intersection. An accident history summary was also developed.
Based upon the preliminary results of our study, two different problems have
been identified. First is the lack of a left turn storage lane for south-
bound traffic waiting to turn east. Without a separate lane for turning
traffic, vehicles become stacked up behind left turning vehicles which are
stopped waiting for opposing traffic to clear. The second problem is for
northbound traffic continuing straight through the intersection. Due to the
narrowing from four lanes to two lanes, vehicles traveling straight must be
careful to jog over to the left in order to avoid driving onto the shoulder.
The solution to both these problems is to widen the throat of the north leg
of the intersection to provide a left turn storage lane and a merge lane for
northbound vehicles. Since this portion of Mormon Trek borders University
property, it is under the jurisdiction of the State and must be programmed
in the Institutional Road Program before any improvements can be constructed.
Our study has been provided to the University and its Architectural and Engi-
neering Services Department is developing preliminary cost estimates.
It is important to point out that traffic through this intersection signifi-
cantly increases when West High School is in session. However, University
officials indicated that it was critical that they receive our traffic count
study prior to August 1, therefore necessitating the traffic count when
-school was not in session. The staff contacted the West High administration
and obtained automobile usage estimates which were included in the study.
It is the opinion of the Transportation Planning staff and Traffic Engineer
that the suggestion to paint white lines through the intersection is not
advisable. Such lines are unconventional and could create confusion when
seen in conjunction with other existing pavement markings.
I will advise the City Council as soon as we hear further from the Univer-
sity. Thank you and please feel free to contact me with any questions or
comments.
bdw/sp
cc: Don Schmeiser, JCCOG Director
Chuck Schmadeke, Public Works Director
Jim Brachtel, Traffic Engineer
Mike Finnegan, University of Iowa
15 -%la
City of Iowa Choi
MEMORANDUM
Date: August 8, 1984
To: Members of the City Council
From: Anne Carroll
Re: City Employee Newsletter
In your packet this week and in the future on a monthly (we hope) basis you
will find a copy of the first issue of the employee newsletter. This issue
was written by Human Relations staff but we hope to have some help from other
departments for future issues.
We have received numerous requests from employees fora newsletter and it is
our hope that the newsletter will further pride in City employment and
understanding of how each department and its employees is serving the public.
To this end we will include features such as Department/Division of the
Month, and discuss the special activities or accomplishments of departments.
The newsletter will also include other information of interest to employees -
benefit updates, frequently asked questions, announcement of training/well-
ness programs, etc. which should give you a feel for the daily activities of
the City at this level.
We are pleased to be able to provide the newsletter for employees, and hope
that you will feel free to provide suggestions for future articles.
bj3/1
POLICE DEPARTMENT REPORT
July, 1984
With the exception of a few categories, the number of report-
ed offenses in July remained about the same as in June, 1984.
Motor vehicle accidents increased substantially while all
other reports of offenses remained about steady or declined
slightly as compared to the prior month. A total of 3093
citizen generated requests for police services was received
in July and 3985 in June.
Criminal arrests totaled one hundred seventy-two, including
nineteen juvenile arrests or citations. Substantial increases
in the number of arrests were noted in the offense categories
of vandalism, O.W.I., and disorderly conduct. Arrests,
citations and tickets totaled 1702 in July as compared to 1635
in June.
Three recruit officers were added to the Police Department
in late July and the fourth will be hired early in August,
bringing the Department to the strength (54 sworn officers)
authorized by Council.
Animal Control activities increased slightly in July as
compared to the samq month last year. Interestingly, the
Shelter has been crowded throughout the month with all pens
and cages absolutely full. On several occasions space was
not available for animals left at the Shelter, or to fill
the desires of those wanting to leave unwanted pets at the
facility. Obviously, the Shelter is not adequate for the
volume of business done there.
Statistical reports are attached.
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you of tremendous Progress and growth.
Membsmwp is at an alltime high of mom
Nan 150 cities and countles, exceeding
our own expecurflonsi This Is significant
st,c, it is your membership dollars that
help support the ration's largeof,appiled
rewouch, dwrelopment, and tachrologr
sharing program devoted solely to SCIVIng
the operational problems of Imal
go"Mmonts.
Your membership dues represent on In-
vestment, and the return on that Imnott-
mont Is marrylold. Each dun dollar is mr-
chod by corporals and public Investment
dollars, pmMlng Irnproge unavailable by
any other means.
A
our focus on we" of.$PoCW Inform to
you. Your membership dolim 91VO You
ready occna to than 6nkpn sources Of
high-calibre guidance, technical
radstance,'Ond Mond..,,
Through Piro Advisory C4uncn, members
Identify the MOM Urgent IWOMOMS and OP-
porrumniss facing local gonmurvelds and
influarrice the direction of PTI's ressferchr
dernilopment , and technology b"Iff PM -
gram. Research and study tnftiattm Man
tined by you for im cwor such diverse
areas as motor technology, mkmcoM*
putters, has . 'hazardau
materials, WNW and 0
ww programs, to name
just 0 few.
John K. Parker
President
Public Technology. IM
Consider the returns In IM atom:
The you to come sent aim an further
dentopment of now oomputerband
0 We expanded the ANSWERTM research
systems sa won as broader appikstloWNS Of
nnic@ to encompass mom then 350 com-
existing analytical systems In public
works, resource anocation, Improvements
In human services dellvery, Iffetycle
costlry of snow Propels, nor manor
marrL-and Ore service nm=PmffL
year. Your memhenhlp•do0ue buy You
Our 1954 projected budget expenditures
formation
of $4.5 WlWn represent nearly triple the
dues rmnur, from our members. This
III PTI-NETN, the electronic network of
fomkUM* leveraging Power, combined
kmW guammuft now has more than
with the many networks for technology -
275 Individuals In MOM than 120 duos
sharing. mak" PTI UnIQuGIY Valuable to
and cccovillons an the gyraten . Your
each member.
membership dolive enable YOU and others
In your jurisdiction to share Ideate and
Through PTI, you and your governmentssolutions.
rsc*n judly action bulletins,
benefit from multimillion dollar research
and communicate with PTI staff and your
efforts—fanrvaohlng in their scope and
- tschnology4onoclffim MMWP$ft all
magnItuds—for a traction 01911 real c.04L -
across North Arnsflco by simply dialing a
IoW or 600 number.
Our continued succen In buUdlng and rr
taming our membership reentrant the need
0 Lam ton, M W=euUly mated four
for a national research and dmlopmm"t
Organization focused on the fersda of local
specialized centers within the PTI
obticture—the Local Government
govenuoude, It underscores the success
Transportation Center; the Center for
Energy Technology and Ma"ligonneurti no
of PTVS efforts to Intruder new
technologies and solutions to the Pro-
r..— m. atrNrle Plaradno: and the
blame shared by all our members.
our focus on we" of.$PoCW Inform to
you. Your membership dolim 91VO You
ready occna to than 6nkpn sources Of
high-calibre guidance, technical
radstance,'Ond Mond..,,
Through Piro Advisory C4uncn, members
Identify the MOM Urgent IWOMOMS and OP-
porrumniss facing local gonmurvelds and
influarrice the direction of PTI's ressferchr
dernilopment , and technology b"Iff PM -
gram. Research and study tnftiattm Man
tined by you for im cwor such diverse
areas as motor technology, mkmcoM*
putters, has . 'hazardau
materials, WNW and 0
ww programs, to name
just 0 few.
John K. Parker
President
Public Technology. IM
Public Technology, Inc. (PTI), is the co-
operative research, development, and
technology transfer organization of North
American cities and counties. PTI helps
local governments increase efficiency,
reduce costs, and improve services
through exchanging proven methods and
techniques and adapting new
technology.
Public Technology, Inc.
A nonprofit, public interest organization
with offices in Washington, D.C., and
Southern California, PTI serves as the
technical arm of the International City
Management Association and the Na.
tional League of Cities. It was formed in
1971 by the major associations of state
and local governments.
Member cities and counties provide
PTI's core financial support. Grants and
contracts from foundations, Federal agen•
cies, and corporations also support PTI
activities.
PTI projects are designed to solve
widespread and urgent problems facing
local governments. PTI's Advisory Coun•
cil on Research and Technology Trans-
fer, a panel of officials of member cities
and counties, helps to identify high-
priority needs and formulate the work
program.
Once problems have been defined, PTI
assesses existing technologies to deter-
mine
etermine whether a solution is readily avail-
able. If not, PTI works with members,
technical specialists, and others to
develop a new product, method, or sys.
tem. PTI disseminates new or modified
technologies for local government use
and helps introduce them into the day -to.
day operations of cities and counties. All
PTI programs stress the use of a new
technology by the greatest possible num-
ber of cities and counties.
PTI sponsors and manages three na-
lional technology transfer networks that
enable localities of similar size to learn
from one another. They are the Urban
Consortium for Technology Initiatives (for
cities and urban counties over 400,000 in
population), the Urban Technology Sys-
tem (for midsized localities), and the
Community Technology Initiatives Pro-
gram (for jurisdictions with populations
under 50,000).
PTI is the U.S. partner with Western
European technology organizations in the
International Urban Technology Ex-
change Program and maintains working
relationships with many research centers
and universities in the U.S. and abroad.
On behalf of its member jurisdictions.
PTI maintains annual memberships and
affiliations with The Conference Board,
the American Productivity Center, the In.
dependent Sector, the U.S. Chamber of
Commerce, American Management Asso-
ciations, the National Association of
Schools of Public Affairs and Administra-
tion, the International Union of Local
Authorities, and the International Urban
Technology Exchange Program, Ltd.
/60/
In 1983, major PTI investments in re.
search programs yielded impressive
results. The momentum generated by
these successes — combined with in.
creased revenues from membership
growth and corporate support — has
helped us to launch an expanded pro.
gram of work on your behalf. Program
achievements of the last year are
highlighted.
Research for Local Needs and
Opportunities
Energy Consematlon In Multifamily
Buildings
Publicly owned and operated housing
can cost cities and counties hundreds of
thousands of dollars in wasted energy.
An energy conservation program can
pinpoint waste, but how do local govern.
ment agencies determine the most cost.
effective investments? With support from
the Exxon Corporation, Manufacturers
Hanover Trust Company, and the City of
New York, PTI has refined its microcom.
puler -based Life -Cycle Energy Cost Sys.
tem for evaluating alternative energy in.
vestments in multifamily buildings. The
system is being tested in New York City
and will be transferred to other urban
governments in 1984.
Putting the Brakes on Drunk
Driving
In 1983, a highly successful PTI project
resulted in a drunk driving action guide
distributed to all members. Building on
that success, PTI is now wonting with in.
surance companies and others in the
private sector to develop additional
means by which governments can re-
duce the incidence and tragic effects of
teenage drunk driving.
Transportation Information
Network
Until now, there has been no national
center through which local governments
can exchange information on transporta.
tion programs. PTI is developing a sys.
tem that will foster information -sharing
and reduce duplication of efforts. Auto.
mated database and telecommunications
technologies are being investigated as a
means of controlling costs and improving
access to information through this sys-
tem. The U.S. Department of Transporta•
tion is providing support for PTI's de•
velopment efforts.
Computer and Talecommunica•
dons Applications
PTI maintains one of the nation's most
comprehensive and up-to-date collections
of practical information about cable tele.
vision, microcomputers, local area net.
works, electronic mail, software systems,
and other information technology applica.
tions for local governments. This informa.
tion—available through PTI's Computer
and Telecommunications Applications
Center—includes case histories of organi-
zational efforts, planning, and implemen.
tation in cities and counties; evaluation
methodologies; and cost data. PTI con.
tinues to investigate how local govern.
ments can benefit from automated infor-
mation storage, processing, and
transmission.
Lead Paint Abatement
Despite more than a decade of effort,
most local governments do not have a
satisfactory means for abating health pro.
blems caused by lead-based paint. PTI is
coordinating a testing program with the
City of Baltimore and a wall -covering
manufacturer to evaluate a seldom -used
product that may offer an affordable and
effective answer. Research to find pratical
solutions for this widespread problem will
continue in 1984.
1601
Strategies for Cities and Counties
In a landmark 1983 project, PTI in-
vestigated the application of corporate
strategic planning techniques to cities
and counties. Along with other research
results, this project produced the first
guidebook for communities to use in
developing strategies. It prompted
widespread interest in this systematic
method for establishing local priorities
and allocating resources. Many of the
two dozen participating communities are
now exploring local strategy development
opportunities.
Besides producing invaluable guidance
for cities and counties, this project has
been remarkable for the widespread sup-
port and participation it has generated. It
began as a joint venture of PTI, Arthur
Andersen & Company, and the Interna.
tional City Management Association, with
partial support from the U.S. Department
of Housing and Urban Development, Of.
fice of Policy Development and
Research. During its first year, nearly a
dozen other corporations and foundations
participated or provided support.
PTI's Center for Strategic Planning will
continue to refine initial results, in-
vestigate alternative approaches, offer
assistance to members, and document
the experiences of an increasing number
of communities that are adopting
strategies for their future development. In
1984, PTI will offer additional workshops
to broaden member and private sector
participation in the project.
Water and Wastewater Systems
PTI research in this area has produced
analyses of conservation programs, alter-
native collection and treatment systems,
energy conservation techniques, and
more. In 1984 PTI will publish a report
on disposal options for sludge generated
in wastewater treatment.
Disadvantaged and Minority
Contractors
Efforts to encourage disadvantaged and
minority businesses to bid on govern.
ment contracts have taken on greater
urgency since the enactment of the Sur-
face Transportation Act of 1982. This Act
establishes a goal of 10 percent par.
ticipation by these businesses in projects
funded under the Act. With support from
the Urban Mass Transportation Admini-
stration of the U.S. Department of
Transportation, PTI is establishing a
database of best -practice examples and
successful local approaches that will
enable many jurisdictions and agencies
to reach the goal.
Comprehensive Urban Energy
Strategies
The Urban Consortium Energy Task
Force has compiled an impressive record
of developing, documenting, and
transferring cost-effective solutions to ur-
ban energy needs. In 1983, this program
(which is supported by the U.S. De-
partment of Energy) produced 21 major
reports, covering technologies and
strategies for both communities and their
governments. An additional 19 projects
are being completed in early 1984.
These practical research results are
available through PTI's Center for Energy
Technology and Management.
Besides coordinating and assisting with
locally initiated projects, the Center con.
ducts its own research into specific
energy issues such as alternative energy
systems, financing options, buildings and
building systems, and vehicle fuels.
Community and Economic
Development
PTI has worked with the U.S. Department
of Housing and Urban Development to
assure that major HUD -funded research
assessing the effectiveness of community
development programs is relevant to
local governments. In 1984, on comple-
tion of the basic research sponsored by
HUD, this project will produce guidance
tailored specifically to local issues and
needs. PTI's preliminary research agenda
also includes additional work in such
areas as new housing needs and
manufactured housing, downtown
revitalization, marketing the city, reuse of
vacant schools, and business develop-
ment strategies.
Transit Developments
PTI continues to investigate local mass
transportation initiatives and document
Federally funded programs that can ad-
vance the state of transit nationwide. PTI
produces four series of periodicals spon.
sored by the U.S. Department of
Transportation. These keep readers up to
date on developments in transit tech-
nology, planning, service delivery alterna.
tives, and operations. They are available
from PTI's Local Government Transporta.
tion Center.
Friable Asbestos
Much remains to be done to remove or
seal off asbestos -containing materials in
public buildings. In 1983 PTI launched a
new investigation of the costs and effec.
tiveness of various alternatives for dealing
with friable asbestos—research that will
continue throughout 1984.
Human Services Case
Management
In 1983 PTI helped the City of Alexan.
dria, Virginia, develop a case manage.
ment and tracking system. Alexandria is
using the system to support a program of
early intervention aimed at increasing the
self-sufficiency of human services clients.
Research and evaluation of this program
will continue in 1984. PTI also will explore
the transfer potential of the microcomputer.
based system developed as pad of
the project.
While other organizations respond to the
needs of individual cities and counties,
PTI focuses on solutions to the problems
common to many cities and counties.
The former Chestnut Hill Elementary
School has been converted into a com-
bined public library and police substation
in the Beltsville area of Prince George's
County, Maryland.
Cataloging Local Needs
PTI's three local government networks
undertook formal needs assessments in
1983. The networks are the Urban Con.
sortium for Technology Initiatives, serving
the largest cities and urban counties; the
Urban Technology System, for mid-sized
jurisdictions; and the Community
Technology Initiatives Program, for com-
munities under 50,000 in population.
Results of the needs assessments have
helped PTI establish its 1984 research
agenda. They also are being com-
municated to Federal agencies, private
foundations, the business community.
and others in a position to respond to the
opportunities identified through this uni.
que, systematic process.
The networks' needs also helped the
PTI staff to work with the Advisory Coun.
cil on Research and Technology Transfer
(a panel of 22 high-ranking officials of
PTI member local governments) in identi.
fying emerging issues and technologies
for preliminary investigation by the staff.
The priority initiatives approved by the
Council are as follows. Each will be pur-
sued as funding becomes available.
Each has the potential to strengthen local
governments' capabilities and the tools at
their disposal.
■ District Hearing and Cogeneration as Economic Development Incentives
■ Combatting Fear of Crime
■ INFRA -BASE (Infrastructure Data Base)
■ Landfills or Energy Recovery from Municipal Waste: A Guide to Choices
as Residential and Mlsed-Use Development
■ Fire Service Staffing Programs
s Outdoor Lighting Analysis System and A
■ Vldeodisk/Mlcraeomputer Technology A
s Absentee Landlords and Housing Mainh
■ Effective Building Malntenance: Manage
■ Elected and Appointed Officials' Guide
as Local Land Use Information Systems
s Microcomputer Assessment Procedures
■ Water and Energy Cansarvatlon
at Reducing False Alarms and Nonserrice
as Microcomputers In Human Services
■ Manufactured Housing: An Opportunity
■ Computer -Aided Dispatch (CAD) Design
is A Guide to Building Energy Management
as An Energy Use Tmcking and Consenafh
■ Emergency Vehicle Replacement
■ Compressed Natural Gas as a Vehiclo A
Issues
and Research Needs
Over the years, PTI has created an im-
pressive array of computer-based and
manual systems to help local govern.
ments improve their management of local
resources. PTI designs these systems
with the special needs of local jurisdic-
tions in mind—and, in fact, often works in
conjunction with a city or county in the
developmental phase of a new product.
PTI's on-site training includes the
development of a local technical team,
management team, and project leader to
assure a smooth and coordinated im-
plementation of any new system.
Unique Systems and Services
Fleet Management: The State of
the Art
During 1983, the first on-line versions of
PTI's Equipment Management Informa.
tion System (EMIS) were developed in
cooperation with local governments. On.
line operations enable users to enter in.
formation into the records instantly and
retrieve updated reports whenever they
are needed.
For the City of Savannah, Georgia, PTI
developed an on-line EMIS that runs on
a Univac mainframe computer. PTI inter-
faced the system with the city's financial
management and fuel dispensing
systems, providing the fleet manager and
other executives with comprehensive
data they can use to fine-tune their
operations. This system is being trans.
tarred to Red Deer, Alberta, among other
local governments.
For Alachua County, Florida, PTI
developed an on-line IBM version of
EMIS. In 1984 PTI will transfer the IBM
version to Pima County, Arizona, and
elsewhere. As was the case in Savannah,
the development of an on-line system
was an opportunity to enhance the
system's capabilities. For example, for
both Savannah and Alachua County, PTI
adapted the system to produce more
reports on labor needed for various jobs.
In 1984 PTI will add a parts inventory
module to EMIS' capabilities. Transfer of
the original batch, mainframe version of
EMIS to local governments continues in
1984. The microcomputer version of
EMIS first installed in Rock Hill, South
Carolina in 1983 will become an essential
fleet management tool in many other
communities in 1984. MICRO EMIS can
support fleet operations as large as 500
vehicles.
All versions of EMIS provide informa.
tion that will help managers cut fuel and
maintenance costs, minimize downtime,
increase productivity, and stay abreast of
management issues. EMIS was the first
fleet management system developed
especially for local government use. PTI's
continuing improvements assure that it
remains the best and most cost-effective
tool of its kind.
Public Works Resource Locator
City managers and budget officials can
cut many millions of dollars from
municipal operating and capital budgets
in the years ahead as a result of PTI's
work in 1983 to develop the Public
Works Resource Location System
(PWRLS). The City of San Diego spon-
sored this project as pan of an innovative
operations improvement initiative there.
This new system allows local govern-
ments to identify cost implications and
evaluate trade-offs relating to the location
and organization of operations stations
for various public services. Data Produc-
ed and analyzed by the PWRLS can be
applied to street and highway
maintenance, snow and/or leaf removal,
street cleaning, and right-of-way upkeep.
PWRLS can pinpoint station sites where
travel time and deadheading will be
minimized, while taking into consideration
supervision and other managerial re-
quirements. Capital costs, labor costs,
and vehicle efficiency are elements of the
automated analysis system.
San Diego expects to save half a
million dollars annually over the next live
years using the Public Works Resource
Location System. Transfers to additional
sites are projected for 1984.
Computer and
Telecommunications
Applications Center
In 1983, PTI provided many local
governments with assistance in determin.
ing and meeting their information pro-
cessing, storage, and transmission
needs. PTI combined several assistance
capabilities into a single center—the
Computer and Telecommunications
Applications Center (CTAC). CTAC is a
one-stop resource for local governments
seeking help with issues relating to com-
puter acquisition and use, cable telovi-
sion applications, local area networks,
videodisk storage, electronic mail,
microform, and other information tech.
nologies. The Center provides custom-
tailored research, consulting assistance,
seminars, and other forms of technical
assistance in response to local needs.
/6O/
Fire Protectlon
Early in 1983 PTI introduced a unique
and powerful tool for helping local
governments determine the optimum
allocation of manpower, equipment, and
fire stations for the most efficient and ef.
fective local fire protection. Fire Master,
like its predecessor, the Fire Station
Location Package, relies on an
experience -tested combination of
automated data analysis and decision.
making by local managers and policy
leaders. Fire Master helps to validate
both operating and capital planning and
save dollars. It enables local officials to
make informed choices about alternative
investments in fire protection.
PTI continues to provide the Fire Sta.
tion Location Package, one of the most
popular and widely used planning tools
available for the fire service. PTI also
supplies training assistance for fire
managers and other kinds of technical
assistance. PTI's Fire Affiliates, a carefully
selected group of experienced and wide•
ly recognized local fire service leaders,
are increasingly called upon to help their
peers in other fire departments.
In a new initiative. PTI is helping the
U.S. Fire Administration of the Federal
Emergency Management Agency
disseminate to local governments infor-
mation about residential sprinkler
systems, an effective way to reduce fire•
lighting costs and fire losses.
Center for Strategic Planning
As an outgrowth of its pioneering
research on strategic planning for cities
and counties, PTI is now offering
assistance to localities wishing to under-
take successful strategy development ef.
forts. The new Center for Strategic Plann.
ing will provide two types of services:
■ The Center will serve as a resource
for PTI members in such areas as
environmental scanning, data col.
lection, and organizing for strategic
planning.
■ The Center will provide contract
services to help communities ex.
ecute a complete strategy develop.
ment process.
PTI has been retained by the Fort
Worth (Texas) Chamber of Commerce to
assist with a project involving the city, the
independent school district, and the
chamber.
Parking Issues
PTI has developed a microcomputer -
based system for managing parking
meter revenues and operations. The
Parking Meter Control System has been
installed in two California cities. It will
maximize their parking meter revenues
by tracking meter maintenance, providing
status reports, and giving local officials a
variety of information about collections.
PTI also offers assistance in evaluating
and resolving parking problems.
Other Technical SenrIces and
Systems
In 1984 PTI will be expanding the variety
of technical services and systems it offers
to local government members. Last year,
under contract, PTI provided technical
assistance to members in the areas of
taxicab -related issues, revenue and ex-
penditure forecasting, fire department
management, planning for geographic in.
formation systems, and local program
evaluations. PTI will add to its roster of
specialized aid offerings in 1984.
A task force of citizens, developers, and
city officials worked together to plan this
attractive new Metro rapid transit station
in Alexandria, Virginia, and new develop•
ment around it.
1601
PTI offers a variety of conferences, work-
shops, and other opportunities for
members to learn directly about new
systems, approaches, and techniques.
PTI's Technology Exchange Con-
ference, first held in Fort Worth in 1983,
has proven to be an unduplicated
chance for members and others in.
terested in urban problem -solving to
come together. Some 300 leaders
benefited from the first conference and its
special blend of technical. sessions, ex-
change of programs and solutions,
outstanding public and private speakers,
and more.
PTI President John K. Parker (far right)
meets with members of the Pasadena
(California) City Council and Pasadena
City Manager Donald F. McIntyre
(second from right).
The new Rockville (Maryland) Municipal
Swimming Center incorporates solar
water heating technology and a public
ans program that sponsored the mural
on the pool's wall.
Opportunities for Professional Growth
In conjunction with the 1983 con.
ference, PTI also launched its annual
Technology Achievement Awards pro.
gram to recognize outstanding innova.
tions generated by PTI members. Award.
winning submissions in 12 categories met
the criteria of originality, practicality, and
transferability to other local governments.
The winners and many other important
achievements by members were com-
piled into the second edition of PTI's
valuable Solutions for Technology -Sharing
Networks. This single document (provid-
ed free of charge to PTI members) con.
tains hundreds of programs worth a total
of millions of dollars in potential cost sav-
ings and revenue enhancement.
The 1984 conference, to be held in
Washington, promises to be even better.
Its theme is "The Strategic Advantage."
Three new awards categories have been
added to recognize private -sector con.
tributions to urban development. Virtually
every conference feature has been ex-
panded, and a significant increase in at-
tendance is expected.
PTI also serves as secretariat for the
National Forum for Black Public Ad.
ministrators, which meets annually to ad-
dress the unique opportunities and
challenges facing black professionals in
public administration.
Local managers and policy -makers
have learned that PTI's seminar and
workshop offerings provide solution.
oriented guidance on topics of immediate
relevance to members. In 1983, PTI
meetings dealt with such topics as
corporate -sponsored day care,
pedestrian safety, strategic planning,
energy conservation technologies, infor.
mation systems masterplanning, timed -
transfer systems for transit, and manage.
ment information for human services.
These sessions and others will be of.
fered to members in 1984. In addition,
PTI's expert staff participates in many
meetings of national and state organiza.
tions for public administrators and
elected officials.
/60/
The year 1983 saw a dramatic 46 per.
cent increase in the number of U.S. and
Canadian cities and counties that be.
came part of the vast PTI network. Be.
sides attracting dozens of new members,
PTI retained an unprecedented number
of member jurisdictions from previous
years—a reliable indication that PTI pro.
grams and services are, indeed, address.
ing the needs of its membership.
Growing Membership, Growing
Membership Services
PTI foresees continued membership
growth in 1984 and expects to end the
year with around 200 members—twice
the number of members PTI was serving
as recently as 1982.
Although PTI has improved its member
recruitment efforts, much of the member-
ship growth can be attributed to member
referrals and an impressive array of new
and enhanced membership services. PTI
membership has long been the best way
for local governments to support and
participate in cooperative research and
development programs. Now, however,
PTI directly offers members more ser•
vices than ever before—services unavail.
able except through PTI.
PTWET"
In 1983 PTI introduced PTI-NEP+, the
first electronic service network for
members of an international organization.
By year's end, more than 250 users in
110 member cities and counties were us-
ing the system to communicate with PTI
and with each other. Usage is expected
to grow in 1984.
PTI-NEPI^ gives members no -cost or
low-cost access to other progressive
cities and counties, to individual PTI staff
members, to other PTI services such as
ANSWER*rx and publications, and to
special groups of fellow members with
common interests. For example,
members in California can exchange
messages about their particular concerns
through a special network called CAL.
NET.
PTI has also established a PTI-NEPM
bulletin board—PTI,SURPLUS—for
notices about the availability of surplus
and used municipal equipment. Another
bulletin board
—PTI.OUESTION—displays requests for
information about practices and ap.
proaches used in member jurisdictions.
PTI members can also use the network
to communicate among different offices
within their own city or county. Multiple
municipal offices can use PTI.NEPM at
no extra charge. By year's end, two
member cities had included most major
department heads in PTI-NEPM so that
they could exchange messages
electronically.
Members do not pay a signup fee for
PTI-NEPM, and four hours of use per
month is a no -cost membership benefit.
Arlington (Virginia) County Manager Larry
J. Brown uses a personal computer on a
daily basis as an executive management
tool.
ANSWER-
ANSWER7u, PTI's unique reference and
inquiry service for PTI members, proved
its worth in 1983. In its second full year
of operation, ANSWERW responded to
more than 1,400 requests for
information—a 56 percent increase over
1982.
During 1983, ANSWERTm expanded its
staff to meet this growing demand. PTI
also added 150 computerized databases,
bringing the total at your disposal to 350.
ANSWERTM is another no -cost benefit
of PTI membership. Member cities and
counties may submit as many information
requests as they wish. The ANSWERW
stall searches computerized information
banks via links with PTI's computer. The
results of the computerized research
often are supplemented with materials
from PTI's own files, with the expertise
and contacts of the PTI staff, and with
names of contacts in other organizations
and localities.
Only PTI laps the full potential of
automated information sources on behalf
of its local government members. The
databases available to PTI contain infor-
mation about private -sector practices and
research, virtually every journal and book
published in English, all Federally spon.
sored research and publications, and
much more.
Networks
Participation in one of the three PTI.
managed technology networks is another
PTI membership benefit. The networks
are:
The Urban Consortium for
Technology Initiatives, for the
largest cities and urban counties
The Urban Technology System, for
mid-sized jurisdictions
The Community Technology In.
itiatives Program, for communities
under 50,000 in population.
Network participation enhances
technology -sharing among cities and
counties of comparable size. Special net-
work programs respond to the particular
needs and opportunities facing network
members.
Publications
PTI responded to more than 8,000 re-
quests for its publications in 1983.
Members receive all publications free of
charge, and their requests receive special
handling.
PTI publications are useful to members
in many ways. They:
■ Report on the latest research
results with practical application to
local governments.
■ Explain how best to use PTI and
benefit from your membership.
■ Keep members informed of each
others' innovations and state -of -he-
art developments.
■ Provide step-by-step guidance on
using new technologies and
techniques.
■ Explore new issues, solutions, and
emerging programs for local
governments.
With the decline of many Federal pro.
grams that provided practical information
for local governments. PTI's publications
have acquired added value and
importance.
1601
PTI's new members are both large (in
1983 we welcomed Denver. Colorado,
and Cleveland, Ohio, among others) anc
small (Maitland, Florida; Emporia, Karn
sas; and Kent, Ohio). They are in the
Frostbell, the Sunbelt, the East, the West,
the United States. and Canada. They
joined for the many benefits that only PTI
can offer and because they wanted to
take pan in the only research, de•
velopment, and technology exchange
program serving local governments
throughout North America.
As of December 1983, membership
had reached 155 and is projected to
grow to 200 by the end of 1984. Steady
membership growth—which includes high
relention—is a critical element in PTI's
ability to continually provide the newest
technologies and information to meet the
needs of local governments.
Membership dues constitute more than
one third of PTI's operating budget. A
growing membership means not only
more and better membership services.
but a broader network for sharing new
solutions and technologies.
PTI has steadily increased the value of
its programs for members and will corn
tinue to do so in 1984.
Membership Growth Summary
Local Government Leaders of
PTI and Its Networks
Board of Directors
Advisory Council on Research
and Technology Transfer
Alan Beals, Chairman
Executive Director
Larry N. Blick,
Hon. Tony Byrne
Terry L. Novak
National League of Cities
Chairman
Mayor
City Manager
City Manager
Natchez, Mississippi
Spokane, Washington
Larry N. Blick
Rockville, Maryland
City Manager
Han. Thomas Clark
Ray Remy
Rockville, Maryland
Hon. Donald P. Hutchinson,
Mayor
Deputy Mayor
Vice Chairman
Long Beach, California
Los Angeles, California
Clifford W. Graves
County Executive
Chief Administrative Officer
Baltimore County, Maryland
Hon. Joe W. Davis
Hon. Norman B. Rice
San Diego County, California
Mayor
City Council Member
Charles S. Anderson
Huntsville, Alabama
Seattle, Washington
William H. Hansell, Jr.
City Manager
Executive Director
Dallas, Texas
Hon. Mary Davis
Barbara Steckel
International City
City Council Member
Municipal Manager
Management Association
John E. Arnold
Atlanta, Georgia
Anchorage, Alaska
City Manager
Hon. John P. Rousakis
Fart Collins, Colorado
Louis J. Fox
Merrell R. Stierheim
Mayor
City Manager
County Manager
Savannah, Georgia
Sydney Baldwin
San Antonio, Texas
Dade County, Florida
Chief Commissioner
Waller Scheiber
Ottawa, Ontario
Howard V. Gary
Hon. Frederick E. Turnage
Executive Director
City Manager
Mayor
Metropolitan Washington
Hon. James T. Beall, Jr.
Miami, Florida
Rocky Mount, North Carolina
(D.C.) Council of Governments
City Council Member
San Jose, California
Han. Arthur J. Holland
Hon. Roy A. West
Han. Daniel K. Whitehurst
Mayor
Mayor
Mayor
Hon. Philip Borst
Trenton, New Jersey
Richmond, Virginia
Fresno, California
City Council Member
Indianapolis, Indiana
Ann Masters
Productivity Direclor
New York City, New York
PTI Member Cities and Counties
Spring 1984
'Indicates population in thousands
Abilene, Texas (98)'
Hagerstown, Maryland (34)
Ouebec City, Ouebec (166)
Alachua County, Florida (151)
Hallandale, Florida (37)
Albuquerque, New Mexico (332)
Hartford, Connecticut (136)
Alexandria, Virginia (103)
Hayward, California (94)
Red Deer, Alberta (50)
Annapolis, Maryland (32)
Hemet, California (23)
Redwood City, California (55)
Anchorage, Alaska (173)
Hennepin County, Minnesota (942)
Regina, Saskatchewan (164)
Arlington, Texas (160)
Highland Park, Illinois (10)
Reno, Nevada (101)
Arlington County, Virginia (152)
Hull, Ouebec (56)
Richmond, Virginia (219)
Atlanta, Georgia (425)
Huntington Beach, California (171)
Roanoke, Virginia (100)
Atlantic County, New Jersey (194)
Huntsville, Alabama (143)
Rochester, New York (242)
Aurora, Colorado (159)
Hyattsville, Maryland (13)
Rock Hill, South Carolina (35)
Austin, Texas (346)
Rockville, Maryland (44)
Baltimore, Maryland (787)
Indianapolis, Indiana (70)
Inglewood, California (94)
Rocky Mount, North Carolina (41)
Baltimore County, Maryland (655)
Iowa City, Iowa (51)
Baytown, Texas (57)
Beaumont, Texas (120)
Jersey Ciry, , New Jersey (224)
St. Petersburg, Florida (237)
Billings, Montana (67)
Salt Lake City, Utah (163)
Biloxi, Mississippi (49)
Blue Ash, Ohio (10)
Kansas City, Missouri (448)
San Antonio, Texas (786)
San Diego, California (876)
Boulder, Colorado (80)
Kent, Ohio (26)
San Diego County, California (1,862)
Bryan, Texas (44)
Lake Forest, Illinois (15)
San Francisco, California (679)
Buena Park, California (64)
Lawrence, Kansas (53)
San Jose, California (630)
Burbank, California (85)
Lincoln, Nebraska (172)
San Luis Obispo, California (34)
Cape Girardeau, Missouri (34)
Long Beach, California (361)
Los Angeles, California (2,968)
Santa Ana, California (204)
Santa Barbara, California (75)
Carlsbad, California (35J
Carrollton, Texas (41)
Las Gatos, California (27)
Santa Maria, California (44)
Monica, California (88),
Carson City,Nevada (32)
Lynchburg, Virginia (67)
Savannah, Georgia (141)
Casper, Wyoming (51)
Charlotte, North Carolina (314)
Madison, Wisconsin (171)
Scottsdale, Arizona (88)
Seattle, Washington (494)
Chula Vista, California (84)
Maitland, Florida (9)
Manchester, (50)
Shaker Heights, Ohio (32)
Cincinnati, Ohio (385)
Claremont, California (34)
Arizona
Maricopa County, Arizona (1,508)
County,
Shreveport, Louisiana (206)
Spokane, Washington (171)
Cleveland, Ohio (574)
Martinez, California(1
Maryville, Tennessee (17)
Sterling Heights, Michigan (110)
Columbus, Ohio (565)
Corpus Christi, Texas (232)
McKinney, Texas (17)
Sunnyvale, California (107)
Sweetwater, Texas (12)
Costa Mesa, California (83)
Miami, Florida (400)
Montebello, California (53)
Dade County, Florida (1,718)
Mountain View, California (59)
Dallas, Texas (904)
Dayton,
Natchez, Mississippi ()
Tallahassee, Florida (82)
,OhoOhio
Delaware, Ohio (19)
(19
se
Newark, New Jersey (a
Traverse City, Michigan (16)
Denver, Colorado (492)
New Orleans, Louisiana (558)
(5
Trenton, New Jersey (92)
Dothan, Alabama (49)
Newport News, Virginia (145)
Durham, North Carolina (101)
New York, New York (7,078)
Niles, Michigan (13)
Emporia, Kansas (25)
Vancouver, Washington (43)
Escondido, California (64)
Oakland, California (339)
Virginia Beach, Virginia (262)
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (404)
Visalia, California (50)
Fairbanks N.S., Alaska (33)
Orange, Texas (24)
Fairmont, West Virginia (24)
Ottawa, Ontario (359)
Fort Collins, Colorado (65)
Fort Worth, Texas (385)
Palo Alto, California (55)
Walnut Creek, California (54)
Fresno, California (218)
Pasadena, California (119)
Warwick, Rhode Island (87)
Fresno County, California (515)
Petersburg, Virginia (41)
Washington, D,C. (639)
Phoenix, Arizona (790)
West Covina, California (80)
Galesburg, Illinois (35)
Pima County, Arizona (531)
West Vancouver, British Columbia (37)
Gardena, Calllornla (45)
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (424)
Westminster, Colorado (50)
Grapevine, Texas (12)
Plainfield, New Jersey (46)
White Plains, New York (47)
Greenbelt, Maryland (17)
Plano, Texas (72)
Wichita, Kansas (279)
Greensboro, North Carolina (156)
Prince George's County, Maryland (665)
Wilmington, North Carolina (44)
12
/6 0/
W
vi Jj
aw
Neighborhood Statistics
From the 1980 Census
Data for neighborhoods were prepared
hood Publication Areas" (which were
by the Census Bureau for the first time
usually whole cities or counties) and,
from the 1980 Census of Population and
within these areas, the neighborhoods
Housing. Almost 1,300 cities, counties,
for which they wanted data prepared.
townships, and other areas participated
These neighborhoods do not always
in the 1980 Census Neighborhood
coincide with the common, local
Statistics Program (NSP),
perception of neighborhoods. For
Following Census Bureau guidelines,
example, some communities defined
NSP participants defined "Neighbor-
what actually are neighborhood
subareas, because traditional
- -- • - -
neighborhoods were too large to be
useful areas of analysis.
3
Information about the neighborhood
boundaries was sent to the Census
Bureau for use in tabulating the data.
The neighborhood statistics then were
\
provided to a local contact person for
I\'
,1
use in the community.
To find out if your community
participated in the NSP, contact your
local city or county planning agency,
State Data Center, or the nearest
*
Census Bureau regional office. More
k'm^
information about State Data Centers
•
and regional offices is found at the end
=_ --�-
of this booklet.
t
FIGURE 1. Subject Items Included In the 1980 Census
Powhitlon
HouvM1old,04hunWip
ke
Rorie
Ap
Whitt 't.tu,
SpeniWMi.panic origin or deu.nt
Population
school monmmt
Years of araol orimploned
Sine 1 brag" country of WO,
Citi thdim eM yen of Immlg,ation
Lmw.pe IroLen n h ...... wlnY
to ,.it Ergli h
Anoint,
Rnidrae in 1071,
Aniwi, in 1976
Veteun.Mtut and Rhod of nnrte
Won dn.ili," ouEbc Vemtwnn�on
dila4ildP
Chiid,en nn Loin
Marna) hill.,
L Wor tort nom
hour: wmkm
Pfi1 of work
Towel time 1. wmk
CompleteCount It.0
lien rep
Number of tiring O unul.1 Mtlm.
Atter. 1r, .,it
complete plumbing bc.fibn
Numbs of room.
Tenure Iwhnher unit II owned or rented)
Condominium identification
Sample Rant t
Mem. or InmpgOlion to wort
N...1, nmud, aeapmq
Yen fill worked
baton,
Oo up.hum
chin .1 wort.,
Number rel until workm, in 1010
NwI hour, worked per week m 1070
UnemM.,mml m 1 W B
Income m 1079 p"..'ar
P.wn1Y nnuan 1010
Houllmo
TPpe of unit and uniu m tnuctum
shorter in Ini4ding and mnerce of
Yon lo
Yen R.unholdr, n morctl into unit
Aneepe ntl mean. of .tome,...)
rel Whollmenl of outfit of lite
Virtu, of Rome towner«..pilo until rind
wrthominiumul
Can utd Iml hmhu oaunied umlll
VYmI for nnl, lot Mle, in...ndl
dmnion of titan,
Ac11.1 red ttop oto
Stool. of w.let
Sewal ditpael
Holing prilpmnt
roeb used lot Roue heating. water
hninp. and milking
Can.I o ililln and well
Complete Within Isllillel
Numlmr of tinihmml
Number of bnaooml
Telephone
A., atrulbomng
Numhtr of awlmobile,
Number of light trucks end want
H=.,, Ih it,,..%Ia mut".
sal,tate lune, and h.M1fit Into,...
t mentum on epmpwr.enunr 11-1...e wi.d or —11— o..r 1-.r.
Iduwron umpu trent. wn..Yn .,W—m. or . t.". -h. 0 ."
ou..nea rw...lapunuenn.n. ,unto:..u.mm.... lM— r`—ewm
Neighborhood Statistics From the 1990 Census
WHAT NEIGHBORHOOD
DATA ARE AVAILABLE?
A report has been prepared for each
locally defined "Neighborhood
Publication Area" (NPA). Each report
presents data for the total NPA, each
neighborhood in the NPA, and the
remainder (if any) of the NPA in which
neighborhoods were not defined. Most of
the subjects asked about in the 1980
census (see figure 1) are covered in NSP
reports. More extensive data for the
NPA's are available on computer tape.
Although the Census Bureau did not
produce neighborhood maps, they
FIGURE 2. Features of a Census Table
Table number and title—Table P-1
frequently are available at a local
planning agency. If not, a user can
obtain 1980 block statistics maps and
determine neighborhood areas using the
"Geographic Definition of
Neighborhoods," a listing of what
specific census areas constitute each
neighborhood. The listing is part of each
NSP report.
Each NSP report contains an
explanatory text, 11 detailed data tables,
a narrative profile for each neighborhood,
and the "Geographic Definition of
Neighborhoods." Figure 2 shows the first
of the tables with notations explaining
various aspects of it.
General and Family Choradedsticf:
1980—Con.
IlW14D 10 TM AND eaAT MW
For major categories like —
these, indentation means `�"•••••••••••••
ia+r .M..naw. ....................
the reverse of that noted '�^�^�� �••--•••-•
r.,,w........
above. Here "In house•soa ...............................
aR., , IMli.rI .......................
holds" and "In group.w.,m,.„.........................
quarters" aresubcategorfes Me^��•••••--•••••••••--
wm m iaq ---•— .............
of "Total persons."Also �•••.••••••••„•
"Family householder,” rrsr«„r..._..
"non•familyhouseholder," `"'"'""'-••-
.M MN,MtlM....................
etc. are subcategories of -•---••••
"Persons In households."....................••-•----
msm IN Moustmolos
W.
wyaMrom I x,MSMr� I wyNa
Column heads
(or "header")
Stub
Data Tables
Some of the tables present data about
the population, such as age, family
composition, income, and employment
status. Others present data about
housing, such as median value or rent,
persons per room, type of heating
equipment, and year built. Selected data
are reported separately for racial groups
and the Spanish -origin population. For
examples of population and housing data
tables, see figures 3 and 4.
P
/i6a/
The Area
Nelli berhoods
utum AND I"
Indentation—May indicate
that Item is a subpart of4A=^---------------------
1"A
the preceding item. In
MUM.mad uw,...-...
this case, "Inside" and
°v° .....................
"Outside" urbanized areas
Ua AND WAINS14 DWA
are component parts of
MI.
"Urban."
Nr'., M mid Mmm .....
.M .Ir%dmI r,r.p..,e.M
IlW14D 10 TM AND eaAT MW
For major categories like —
these, indentation means `�"•••••••••••••
ia+r .M..naw. ....................
the reverse of that noted '�^�^�� �••--•••-•
r.,,w........
above. Here "In house•soa ...............................
aR., , IMli.rI .......................
holds" and "In group.w.,m,.„.........................
quarters" aresubcategorfes Me^��•••••--•••••••••--
wm m iaq ---•— .............
of "Total persons."Also �•••.••••••••„•
"Family householder,” rrsr«„r..._..
"non•familyhouseholder," `"'"'""'-••-
.M MN,MtlM....................
etc. are subcategories of -•---••••
"Persons In households."....................••-•----
msm IN Moustmolos
W.
wyaMrom I x,MSMr� I wyNa
Column heads
(or "header")
Stub
Data Tables
Some of the tables present data about
the population, such as age, family
composition, income, and employment
status. Others present data about
housing, such as median value or rent,
persons per room, type of heating
equipment, and year built. Selected data
are reported separately for racial groups
and the Spanish -origin population. For
examples of population and housing data
tables, see figures 3 and 4.
P
/i6a/
ftAMOWER A40W,-
I
Neighborhood Statistics From the 1980 Census 5
Narrative Profiles
The narrative profiles are designed to
highlight some of the population and
housing data contained in the tables
produced for the NSP. A nine -page
narrative profile is provided for each
neighborhood. Each profile covers a
variety of subjects, such as marital
status, educational attainment, income
and poverty status, and the
characteristics of the neighborhood's
housing units. See figure 6 for excerpts
from a profile.
Geographic Definition of
Neighborhoods
This portion of the NSP report
specifies what census geographic areas,
such as blocks and tracts, are found
within the NPA and each neighborhood.
(See figure 5.) For each neighborhood,
the lowest level of census geography
necessary to define the neighborhood is
provided.
As mentioned earlier, if neighborhood
maps are not available, a user can
obtain 1980 block statistics maps to
determine what specific census areas
tT
Is
FIGURE 5. A Section of the "Geographic Definition of Neighborhoods"
---- - - -- -- Numeric code for the
s anm.un�ru..•. uev s NeighborhoW Publication Area
(NPA), Anchorage Alaska
c..r•••m r. NeighburhuW We for
arm' a .•sn ,wa
,.n•r nrsr Sunic Park Area
_. _. r•.m.�n•. oii'is••n a ..r u. v.al n•a nu.
n.pv noes ea..r• o -r, —Nei¢hborhoW title
r,.aaw s.n. urns.mnwin. m.6n.�
Geographic description of the mighborhood.(Rrading from acus
the beltpm of, South Addition consist of the lived block, and
block troops In tract 12. Tract 12 is In Anchorage city, within
Anchorage census subarea within Anchorage Mrwgh,)
make up a particular neighborhood, using
the "Geographic Definition of
Neighborhoods" listing.
There are two approaches to obtaining
the necessary block statistics maps. One
is to purchase a complete printed set of
maps for an area. This is the best
approach for users Interested in many or
all neighborhoods in the area. (An order
form for the maps can be obtained from
for South Addition
the
Customer Services at the Census
Bureau.) The other approach is to buy
individual map sheets—the least
expensive approach for a user interested
in only a few neighborhoods in a small
section of the total area. The Census
Bureau offers photoreproductions of
individual sheets, and State Data Centers
may, as well. (See the section "How Do I
Obtain Neighborhood Data?")
460/
xr, 16V
N " BO,N0001 062
RISTICS
O.kland, Califf.
[Tables P-2 and V -6I
oyez f( _ i,hb.,h.-d 062, 15.0 pezcent
Ldue a tonal Att ohms nt ascent were high
those 25 Ye at- old and , and 66.3 P tad one .h
OS duction os had comple 25
had • qt ode school a l2 3 pe.eent who the population
out 10.7 P..Cont completed V yease or
school graduates' eolle9eudl AE and
ooze Yoe Neighborhood 062 C.
ns 25 Ye axv old
years old and ova[ in o5 ND to 1 completed
..^oto of elle ge. 61I pezcent arsons 25
1 . uexe high school graduates p1w13A yeas..[ otz BlackhaP eats nt
\ "-mace of clle9°•wh.o1 guts.[. s', While 11.4 P
-•..z wtze ,h i9h
O°HPe ti on, InOv, tt y, And Cie. of eo liege.�
11. popULLTION CXARACTE total
at coding to the -*-I"' mP756
ive de Of8n peace n t s liv.efofNe theDOXPF 062 on
spzil 1, 1960. They
_.pule tion of
339,337.
Race and Spanish Oti9fn lTables P-1 and P-61
The census ha Wed that Neighborhood 062 had 987
Bl ere ka: 33 Amexicen Indi..a. Eskimos, and -leu te:
Bla .; 13c I..a.deal. Pesaons .f Spanish origin
355 -
my race) numbered ��y-,My=_r. _:•.,
Nativity. Ancestry. and Language [Tables P-2 end P-31
White.; 1.115
and 319 Asian$
Who y be 1
. to of walk or [Table
Included employed
uoti �c] 259 1 In 4
nrvarier textile
y of
l nal age
ally end to ca�P•tt oOu
ns ee �0na no'
old
The percent Sot. Jon born in Neighbozhood 062 Wee 14.9 percent.
On/ \� be.category relates to tint or .... if.. immigrants.
U.ncee t., can reflect -eve gal generations Of
-" .Oncea. in the 1960 sen -uv• the neighborhood
2xigin(TeD1e 9-21 were enrolled `i Of English enc..t", 66 pare... o1 Italia
d 3 and oyez wls. 601 in ^'ons of Geznan ance.tzy.°
School En[ollnent lesson' .9e echo
1,021 P In nuraesY school.'
in 30 end 207 1n high ' a Lt,e is ...rhes Sndlcato[ of ethnic dlvarsity.
In f hbo[hood 062, enrolled Sn p
Ne 9 those ,
They eighth 5[ade. t • 79I _..akin Aged 5 to 1] Yeats old, of
in school. erten Were stet on1Y
as ten through N-12. 9'2 pin colleges incl ding school. 'p -ted cYe akxn9 ° language other than
English
klndas9 Sn 9z edea enrolled while •[ten attended .� past one in
this age 9[.uP Who spoke
the students 165 Pec -o the nel9hDoxhood +rude ntv vho ante
school+• The in include elsawhe [s nos stud Sn911-h at home, 2T.9 peccant were reported
lSy1n9 Lis .1 do not lived but who lived 'ng those 18 and over, 22.4 Percent reported
.tudenb..soil went hDoshood DuI who hbos hood 19 ye.g..Sn .,All than En93ieh at home - About 119 of
(These in the me 19 Were !n the ne19 16 to Acte adults Wan se Poeted to be Spanish
homes of peas one not ens oiled
schools aan tel ding col lege•1 es ce At uexe thus mmY b° Ions Who wet- he Potted t° .,e.k • Ln9u e9e
whose P While -[ten hbozhood, 0.0 P
e ...here the nei9 high echo 9seduataf and - PO peed 0 .t the °Ail then and 12.5 d seen
Ta idin9 I. net :-.Owlti In Neighbothood 062 reported that they could .Peek
end were .v •"
.ohool+ .0 to __�•'a ish not call o[ not at elle. _ �^
dosed dzo9„ _.•..... ,•^____ _' f
One I
Yeaz-Round Rev.ing Units 1Table H-1)
.The -1940 census showed that of the 1,018 ye•vround .ej
P'61 ^StP�`•t9hb.[hood 062. V].2 percent vete occupby
Status
(Table' P-5 and iy zen to u. The comps a bre Siquufor
eve rtY economic vell-be1n9 At own. ooccu pard and 57.1 p
Ineone and P wI.ticn'e households Sn se 65 scant housing units 1n
dlc rhos of • inc.me 1n 1979 0£ h I1 vacancy rate of 6.6 pet cant
perhaps the nein indicators e+tfuted that
uu fI1.l0V. (This mune it Ss Neuse holds 2 ascent
are intone ae 06uze.. TAe me °o this S19u[a)•
Nel9hbosh -he' 062 end half -boyo all household' �\
had inconef than
.scant of 125,000 or 1
hall $7,500 uexe 25.1 P Snc.mu of .� ^ With inconef 1. household+ with rasa mind ,
the egalhbosh oo d. while the household" the 67,500 Rd
in extent of
nos constituted 16.2 p .d income- between
58.7 Pezgant .f the households
V
Value, Mortgages. f25,000.•
_ ages and monthly Casty ITmblu X-1 end N -VI
a
PSn.nc1.1 del. for He 062 shoo that the median .aloe
The for specified ounez-oceu Pied homes (i.a., one-S.m11y hos vas on
913,514..ned141 lneame 1 ` • Its% than 1D Acte, ulthout - a.nmetcd.l utabl is Amen[ of sed Saar
In 1 .-llicc.- an the Proput,) w-- s58.600 a cOnP-1 p to $far t for
A ei hood The m -diem 9]9ln come-mllles Sn mel .hole. The median contract tent pdd tat tenter
➢h bo[ for
1n Mor 615.072,• for the 9hborhood-�In the nef9hb.,hard ua sIza os comp°ied to $201,
the The nedl.n Whit. f-m11fe, wa
Yeas olOnelghborho 04 Was f12.158.- fncom Sn the
u-- and over 1n + for Black f•m111es
t.
xin 0.- qn . m untolated individuals
P.Lhe neiphbo[hoo d, the nedlen 1 IS i nen 9h bohunlU ue [e mo[19a9td•o.ndth7V.5 PPercent
h..d. 65.5 Percent
Child in Ne19hb.[hood c-P�ve[ Ineome5 b&39°In 2979, neon. 1n 1979 ri ho u9l n9
062 9etl 6 ever
POvett Y Mon, Woman. .qd 9•geJ.- Tho median .elected -monthly 312 mer housing
1979. There, thre.hold tot Ibo[hood units With . -ottg ere oaf 1122 OAd 679 for
ray • tour -pets it 9a•d.° Selected monthly ounez h.taxes cost, ere
1979 In • hotel o! 606 on Anl1Y ver $7,4,,in ,.nts, u-1 ester. [aa, property
_overs Ne let bothootl 062, of Pe[.. ns bolo. the Isortq PaY
Y ,tau- 2I,5 Pave[t Igoe.
represented war de term,.. d,• Percent OI all y leve] 1n 'utilities.
49.3 Rel -tad chlldte Person- Soo whin �`
Neighborhood 062. P -'cent of the . under I0 'ren td unit. should that for the vPafifed
poverty popgl alto. Yea'. 11d housing units 1n Nr Aphborhood 061, (leak.
^.zua�'Y•gt�`,.,rn...,�„�_ Sn' units except one-f.mlly hose- on 10 od he
'' the median gra-f cant was
4277. Ox acv ,ant 1s the
•+.:�� mon acre.)... cost of
contract rant plus the estimated ova raga monthly
.ti
if if.
(fuel➢ and vete-).
/0 D/
Neighborhood Statistics From the 1980 Census
f
FS,' {. r'..! •e1: bbl
A1 i .'�`..
� li
HOW THE DATA ARE USED
The following areas of use are covered
in this section: school location, after•
school use of school facilities, housing
programs, assistance programs for the
elderly and handicapped, and assessing
daycare needs. The examples generally
deal with the use of neighborhood data,
but often other types of small -area
census data, touched on later, would be
equally suitable. Specific neighborhood
report tables (e.g., P•1, P•2, H•3, or H•5)
are cited to help in locating the relevant
date.
Ilk
Please note that census data are
rarely sufficient in themselves to describe
a neighborhood issue or problem
completely. Frequently, local
organizations will need to collect data
themselves or obtain data collected by
local agencies. Sometimes estimates (or
"guesstimates") will need to be
developed by using whatever local data
are available, even if they are far from
adequate. Local data collection or
estimating will become increasingly
important as census data get older,
especially in rapidly changing
neighborhoods.
7
Examples of Uses for
Neighborhood Data
Use by neighborhood organizations or
community groups in:
planning daycare centers
requesting local governments to provide
playgrounds
encouraging minority voter registration
planning supportive programs for children
in poverty or elderly living alone
Use by church groups In:
organizing membership drives
designing health and welfare services
Use by human services planning and research
organizations in:
determining specific service needs, such
as Wealsan•Wheels" programs
documenting needs in applications for
funding
studying the need to build new facilities or
shift existing programs to new
locations such as relocating a day
care center
Use by economic development organizations
in:
estimating the likely demand for additional
shopping and service facilities in
neighborhoods
anticipating areas where declining
demand Is likely
Education
Community groups often have an
interest in issues concerning education,
such as the location of public schools,
after-school programs for youth, and
training opportunities for high school
dropouts. Census statistics generally are
useful in analyzing education issues and
helping to decide the best course of
action.
School Location—A neighborhood
organization seeking to influence a
school board's decision on where to
Place a new school, expanding an
existing school, or closing an existing
one may find the census a source of
(actual Information to support its case.
Generally, the number of children, by
age, In the neighborhood, and perhaps
nearby neighborhoods, as well, are
important in such decisionmaking. For
example, figures from table P-1 showing
more children under 5 years than 5 to 9
or 10 to 14 suggest that more classroom
space may be needed, especially if
classrooms currently are filled to
capacity.
The statistics found in table P-6 which
furnish data on the number under 5
years and 5 to 14 by race and Spanish
origin would be important to consider,
too, in connection with assessing the
likely composition of the student body of
anew or existing school in future years.
In a similar vein, other characteristics of
neighborhoods involved might be
important, such as the number of school.
age children in homes where a language
other than English is spoken (table P-2)
and the number of children in poverty
(table P-5). If such statistics demonstrate
that the children of the neighborhood or
school have a special need (e.g., for
special instruction in English) more
pronounced than elsewhere, a
neighborhood organization or parent.
teachers' association is more likely to be
successful in seeking the necessary
resources.
Persons establishing a private school
might find income statistics (table P-5)
for the area from which the school may
draw to be helpful in planning the tuition
structure. Others planning a parochial
school would probably find local church
membership records the best source of
data, but they would also gain from
studying census small -area statistics
which would present family composition,
age structure, and other characteristics
about the total community. If they did not
intend to limit school enrollment to
children of their own faith, this broader
community data would help in
anticipating future enrollment.
After -School Use of School
Facllltles—Neighborhood or other
community organizations may be
interested In starting after-school
Programs that would address various
community needs. Likely to be of
concern are "latch -key" children (ones
loft on their own between the end of the
school day and the early evening hours
because their parents work), dropouts
who need help preparing for high school
equivalency exams, and unemployed
Persons in need of job training. School
buildings often are very suitable for
programs addressing such needs.
Neighborhood statistics provide a
variety of Information that will be helpful
in deciding whether to establish such
Programs and how to Implement them.
The following are the most directly
related, though they often are not the
statistics that would be ideal for a
Particular use.
Neighborhood Statistics From the 1980 Census
On latch -key children—the number
of one -parent families with own children
under 16 years (derivable from table P-
3—subtract the number of married -
couple families with own children under
16 from the total number of families with
own children under 16), and the number
of females, in the labor force, with
children under 6 and 6 to 17 (found in
table P-4). Each of these figures could
be expressed as a percentage (for
example, the first as the percentage of
all families with children under 16 that
such one -parent families represent) to
suggest the magnitude of the potential
problem group and make comparison
with other areas easier. Since there is
some overlap between the two types of
figures (one -parent families with children
and females in the labor force with
children), they should not be added
together.
On dropouts—the number of
persons 16 to 19 years old who are not
enrolled in school and not high school
graduates and, of those, the number
unemployed (table P-2).
On training the unemployed—the
number of unemployed (total and
female), given in table P-4 and given by
race and Spanish origin in table P-6.
Other labor force statistics in the same
table, such as the number of employed
persons by occupation and by industry,
provide useful background information
for planning job training.
Such data aid in understanding the
nature and magnitude of problems and in
comparing one area to another or to the
Neighborhood Publication Area.
Neighborhoods or other community
groups may need to do this kind of basic
analysis to gain funding or other support
for their programs. Locally generated
data may be needed, loo, in order to
pinpoint specific problems and issues
more precisely.
10
Housing Programs
Adequate housing for residents is
sometimes a concern of neighborhood
organizations, and census data can be
very useful in determining the extent of
housing problems and how one
neighborhood compares with others.
Such information can be important in
planning a volunteer home -Improvement
effort, making a grant application, or
convincing officials of the extent of
housing problems.
Some key indicators of housing quality
can be found in tables H-1 and H-2 of
the neighborhood data; for example,
counts of units lacking complete
plumbing for exclusive use, having no
bathroom or only a hall bath, or not
having complete kitchen facilities;
number of boarded -up housing units;
number of persons per room; and value
of owner -occupied units (e.g., the
number valued at less than S10,000).
Figures on the number of low -rent units,
found in table H-4, might also be
relevant. Statistics such as these for
neighborhoods with housing problems
can help community groups or planners
make an effective case for low-interest
home improvement loans, building code
enforcement, assistance in home
renovation, and related programs.
NEEpS'
oUSING: .
iH TN.,E
wnuSi r'-'
A� EPICAN RiIGP i 16H f f UR ;1ERICG
Neighborhood Statistics From the 1980 Census
Assistance Programs for
Elderly and Handicapped
Many elderly and handicapped people
have special needs for assistance which
neighborhood organizations may try to
meet. The needs may be particularly
great in an older neighborhood where
younger people have moved away and
there is a large number of elderly
residents (see table P-1).
Housing for the Elderly—A
neighborhood or other community
organization may want to consider the
housing conditions of the elderly,
particularly if the area has many elderly
Poor (which can be learned from table P-
5). The elderly are likely to be living in
the area's older housing (counts of units
by year structure was built are found in
table H-3), may be living alone (the count
of persons 65 and over who are
nonfamily householders—in table P-1—
approximates this number but also might
include some living with nonrelatives),
and may not have resources adequate
for today's higher healing bills,
maintenance expenses, and other
necessities.
The neighborhood statistics tables do
not separately show characteristics of
housing units occupied by elderly people.
Looking at statistics on all housing In the
area, though, will help to pinpoint and
document problems which may be
overrepresented in the housing of the
elderly, such as aging housing units,
incomplete plumbing or kitchen facilities,
and heating equipment (table H-2) likely
to be inadequate for the area (such as
room heaters without flues).
Supplemented by information from local
sources (perhaps a sample survey of the
area's elderly or observations of church
leaders, public health nurses, or others
who have contact with elderly), a
neighborhood or other community
organization should be able to present
as effective a case as possible to
encourage voluntary action, contributions
from local businesses and residents, or
government assistance.
Transportation Problems—Doing
shopping and other activities outside the
home is a problem for many elderly and
handicapped. Data on the number of
neighborhood residents with a "public
transportation disability" are found In
table P•2 of the neighborhood data, and
11
separate figures are shown for persons
16 to 64 years and 65 years and over.
These data provide an estimate of the
number of people who may be in need of
assistance. The actual number in need
would be lower, since some would
already have satisfactory arrangements
for accomplishing outside -the -home
activities.
If neighborhood group representatives
think the data suggest that action is
needed, then they should get a better
estimate or the number in need by
contacting senior citizens' group
representatives; door -lo -door counting;
seeking expressions of Interest through
announcements in local papers, radio,
and TV; or other techniques. They
should also look at the data for adjoining
neighborhoods with the possibility of a
joint effort In mind.
The neighborhood representatives may
also find the data useful in seeking help
from the local government. For example,
if their neighborhood has a larger
number of persons potentially in need
than most other neighborhoods, they
might be more likely to obtain funding
assistance to help defray the cost of a
neighborhood effort to provide
transportation or in some other way
assist people who have restricted
mobility.
There are other locally sponsored
transportation programs that require little
or no government help. For example, a
neighborhood organization may set up a
voluntary program In which retired
persons with automobiles could
volunteer to drive those in need free of
cost or for the cost of gasoline and
upkeep.
/6L9/
12
"A neighborhood may want
to consider the housing
conditions of the elderly"
1601
Neighborhood Statistics From the 1980 Census 13
Meals for Shut•Ins—A neighborhood
organization Investigating the need for a
"Meals -on -Wheels" or similar program
for its neighborhood would find
neighborhood census data a good
starting point. The count of persons 75
to 84 years and 85 years and over found
in table P-1 provides a rough estimate of
the total who may be in need of this kind
of service. Another, partially overlapping,
figure which suggests a potential need is
the count of persons 65 years and over
with a public transportation disability
(table P-2).
While these figures do not reveal what
the actual demand for a meals program
would be, they indicate the potential
need of each neighborhood. If the
figures are large, the neighborhood
organization might begin a program—
actively seek out shut -Ins who want the
service, develop a volunteer staff, seek
sources of food, and so forth. If the
figures are small, a more informal
approach might be chosen, involving
locating and aiding persons in need
through individual arrangements. If needs
are great and extend to more than one
neighborhood, assistance might be
requested from local government
agencies.
Assessing Day -Care
Requirements
A neighborhood's need for day-care
facilities depends upon a variety of
conditions, such as the number of
employed women with small children,
availability of day care at major places of
employment, and availability of retired
relatives or neighbors who might care for
children. Census neighborhood data can
be of value in assessing some of these
conditions.
Table P-1 furnishes the number of
children under 5. Table P-2 shows the
number of children (3 years or older)
enrolled in nursery school. Table P-4
gives the number of women with children
under 6 years old and the number of
such women in the labor force (working
or looking for work). Table P-4 furnishes
median and mean family income, the
number of families in various income
brackets, and number and percent of
families below the poverty level. It also
gives the number of families below the
poverty level with children under 6 years
old, the number of such families with
female householders, and related data.
These census data are of value in
determining the general need for this
kind of facility, and for comparing areas
and getting a rough idea of where day-
care centers might be most needed. The
number of women in the labor force with
children under 6 is especially important,
since this group would include most
potential users of day-care service. Also,
there may be many instances,
particularly in high poverty areas, of
women who are not in the labor force
(that is, not employed and not looking for
work) but who would seek employment if
they could arrange for the care of their
children.
The census data do not measure
actual demand, though. Additional
information, perhaps collected door-to-
door in the neighborhood or by notices in
the local newspaper or on radio, would
be required for that.
SCC .'� °_ J�
/60/
14
Economic Revitalization
An adequate neighborhood data base
is essential for planning economic
revitalization efforts, and NSP data can
be an important part. Community leaders
and planners need to know the number
of people, family composilion, age,
income level, type of housing, and other
NSP data for each neighborhood. Such
data, in combination with data on existing
shops and service establishments, can
aid in identifying underserved or
overserved local areas and, in turn,
anticipating where good potential exists
for new businesses and where existing
businesses may begin to experience
decline in profitability.
The neighborhood data also can be
helpful in related planning and
decisionmaking. For example, the
composition of the population and nature
of the housing are important
determinants of the types of stores and
product lines that are needed. Data on
the availability of automobiles will help in
assessing the need to institute or
improve public transportation to assist
people in reaching commercial sections.
HOW DO I OBTAIN
NEIGHBORHOOD DATA?
Neighborhood Statistics Program
reports were provided directly to the
contact persons for participating
communities and to Slate Data Centers.
They also are available for purchase
from the Census Bureau.
Local Contact Person—The
contact person, generally a staff member
of a city or county planning agency,
received materials for the NPA
neighborhoods consisting of:
(1) the six population and live
housing tables,
(2) a narrative profile for each
neighborhood,
(3) a "Geographic Definition of
Neighborhoods," and
(4) the text (introductory and
appendix materials).
Also, some local agencies may
Purchase additional neighborhood data
available on computer tape. To learn if
particular areas are in the NSP and what
agencies are responsible, contact your
planning agency, State Data Center, or
the nearest Census Bureau regional
office (See figure 7.)
/1p0/
Neighborhood Statistics From the 1980 Census
State Data Centers—The State
Data Center program is a cooperative
program between the Census Bureau
and individual States to distribute census
products and provide services. Each
State Data Center (SDC) has the
materials noted above for the
neighborhood programs within its State.
Most SDC's also can provide the
neighborhood computer tape files (which
contain more detailed tables and more
material on race and Spanish origin than
appear in the neighborhood tables),
customized printouts from the tape files,
and microfiche of the neighborhood
materials given to local contacts. There
is usually a charge for these data
products.
The Census Bureau's regional offices
or Customer Services (see below) can
provide SDC addresses and phone
numbers.
Census Bureau—Customer
Services at the Census Bureau is a
central source for most of the
neighborhood statistics products, such
as the standard tables, narrative profiles,
neighborhood geographic listings, and
tape files. NSP products on paper or
microfiche are available for each NPA.
Prices vary according to the number of
neighborhoods in an NPA. For example,
for Baltimore, MD, paper copy (2,850
pages) is $370, and microfiche is $22;
Hanford, CT, paper copy (223 pages) is
$48, and microfiche, S10. Many local
libraries have microfiche readers
available for public use. Computer tape
files must be ordered by State.
Customer Services does not handle
neighborhood maps or computer
printouts. II you are unable to obtain
maps showing neighborhood boundaries
and want to prepare your own, Customer
Services can furnish information on what
block statistics maps you will need and
how to order them. Contact Customer
Services, Data User Services Division,
Bureau of the Census, Washington, D.C.
20233, 301/763.4100.
The Bureau's regional offices are a
good source of information on what
areas have neighborhood data and of
guidance on understanding and using the
data. Their addresses and phone
numbers appear in figure 7.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
The Census Bureau also makes
results of the 1980 census available in
reports for many other kinds of areas.
For people interested in statistics for
small areas, Census Tracts reports may
be very important. Census tracts, which
average around 4,000 in population, are
subdivisions of metropolitan areas and
some additional counties. The reports
provide a wide variety of 1980 data for
the census tracts.
A limited set of data is available for
blocks, very small areas generally
bounded by four streets or roads and
averaging around 100 in population.
Blocks for which data have been
prepared are generally in urbanized
areas and cities of 10,000 or more
people. Block data appear in Block
Statistics reports on microfiche.
If you need more information about
1980 census products and services you
can turn to several other Census Bureau
publications. In particular, the 1980
Users' Guide is a comprehensive
reference source. Also, Data User News
(the Census Bureau's monthly
newsletter) and the Monthly Product
Announcement (a free product listing)
are excellent sources of up-to-date
information about what's available. For
information on how to obtain them,
contact your regional office or Customer
Services.
15
FIGURE 7. Census Bureau Regional
Information Services
Atlanta, GA Room 625, 1365 Peachtree
Street, N.E., 30309. 404/881.2274
Boston, MA 10th Floor, 441 Stuart Street,
02116. 617/223.0226
Charlotte, NC Suite 800, 230 South Tryon
Street, 28202. 704/371.6144
Chicago, IL Suite 1304, 55 E. Jackson
Boulevard, 60604. -312/353.0980 -
Dallas, T% Room 3C54, 1100 Commerce
Street, 75242. 214/767-0625
Denver, CO P.O. Box 26750, 7655 W.
Mississippi Avenue, 26750,
303/234.5825
Detroit, MI Room 565, Federal Building 8
U.S. Courthouse, 231 West Lafayette
Street, 48226. 313/2264675
Kenna City, KS One Gateway Center,
4th and State Streets, 6610E
..913/236.3728
Los Angeles, CA Room 810, 11777 San
Vicente Boulevard, 90049.
- 213/209.6612
Now York, NY Room 37.130, Federal
Office Building, 26 Federal Plaza,
10278. 212/2644730
Philadelphia, PA Room 9244, William J.
Green, Jr. Federal Building, 600 Arch
Street, 19106.215/597-8313
Seattle, WA Lake Union Building, 1700
Westlake Avenue, North, 98109.
206/442.7080
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