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Home My WebLink About1983-01-04 Info packetCity of Iowa City .MEMORANDUM Date: December 21, 1982 To: City Council i�/�From: City Manager P�c,l Re: Budget Review The attached revised budget review schedule is organized so that the Council can accomplish as much work as possible on January 15. This is presented to you with the understanding that, if major issues should arise or areas where there is not sufficient information, rather than having protracted discussion or debate, there will be a clarification of the issue or the request and then the matter will be deferred for resolution at a later date. If you have any questions concerning the process please let me know. tp2/7 cc: Department Heads r h ;; COUNCIL BUDGET DISCUSSIONS JANUARY 15, 1983 (Saturday) - LIBRARY MEETING ROOM B:OOam - 2:OOpm 8:00 Budget Introduction 8:15 Police & Animal Control 8:40 Transit 9:00 Airport 9:30 Housing & Inspection Services: Administration Building Inspection Assisted Housing Fire Prevention & Safety Inspection 9:50 Fire 10:05 Break 10:15 Senior Center 10:30 Library 10:45 Parks & Recreation: Administration Recreation Parks Cemetery Forestry CBD Maintenance Government Buildings 11:15 Human Relations 11:25 City Attorney 11:35 Break 11:50 City Council 11:55 City Manager 12:00 City Clerk 12:05 Finance: Parking Systems Administration Accounting Treasury Central Procurement & Services Word Processing 12:20 Equipment Maintenance 12:35 Energy Conservation 12:50 Broadband Telecommunications 1:05 Civil Rights 1:15 Public Works: Administration Engineering Street Maintenance Refuse Collection Landfill Traffic Engineering Sewer Water Id ICROFILnED BY L _ JORM"--MICR41 AB 111 CEDAR RAPIDS • DES MDINES i; i 1:35 Planning & Program Development: Administration Plan Administration Development Programs COBG JCCOG 2:00 Adjournment JANUARY 19 (Wednesday) - COUNCIL CHAMBERS 7:00 - 9:00 pm Aid to Agencies JANUARY 24 (Monday) - CITY MANAGER'S CONFERENCE ROOM 5:30 - 6:30 pm Operating Budget Overview JANUARY 31 (Monday) - CITY MANAGER'S CONFERENCE ROOM 5:00 - 6:30 pm Capital Projects FEBRUARY 1 (Monday) -'CITY MANAGER'S CONFERENCE ROOM 5:00 - 6:30 pm Finalize decisions on budget JF 141CROFILI4ED BY I-�"-RM"-MICR#CAB_ R RAPIDS DES MOINES I i I i I I, -i 1:35 Planning & Program Development: Administration Plan Administration Development Programs COBG JCCOG 2:00 Adjournment JANUARY 19 (Wednesday) - COUNCIL CHAMBERS 7:00 - 9:00 pm Aid to Agencies JANUARY 24 (Monday) - CITY MANAGER'S CONFERENCE ROOM 5:30 - 6:30 pm Operating Budget Overview JANUARY 31 (Monday) - CITY MANAGER'S CONFERENCE ROOM 5:00 - 6:30 pm Capital Projects FEBRUARY 1 (Monday) -'CITY MANAGER'S CONFERENCE ROOM 5:00 - 6:30 pm Finalize decisions on budget JF 141CROFILI4ED BY I-�"-RM"-MICR#CAB_ R RAPIDS DES MOINES City of Iowa city MEMORANDUM DATE: December 23, 1982 TO: City Council FROM: City Manager RE: Management Advisory Panel The following people made up the original membership of the Management Advisory Panel: Bill Barnes, Professor College of Business Administration, U of I June Davis, Information Coordinator Residence Services, U of I Charles Dore, President Owens Brush Company Nancy Garrett, Manager Northwestern Bell Telephone Company Jay Honohan, Attorney Honohan, Epley, Lyon & Kron Rosalind Moore Fanfare Shoes Richard Poss, Manager, Personnel and Administration Westinghouse Datascore Systems Joe B. Pugh, Controller American College Testing Program Clayton Ringgenberg, Director Institute of Public Affairs, U of I Byron Ross, Partner McGladrey, Hendrickson & Co. Mary Jo Small, Assistant Vice President Finance and University. Services, U of I Sister Mary Venarda, Administrator Mercy Hospital Nancy Garrett resigned last year, and four people recently indicated they can no longer serve on the Panel: June Davis, Joe Pugh, Mary Jo Small and Sister Venarda. 1 nICR11I111D RY 111 - "-'- JORM--MIC RCA B� CEDAR RAPIDS DES M014ES I City of Iowa City MEMORANDUM Date: December 21, 1982 i To: City Council , o� From: Dale Helling, Assistant City Manager — Re: Civic Center Accessibility for the Handicapped Attached please find a copy of materials which I provided to the Human Rights Commission regarding Civic Center accessibility for the handicapped. The Council had requested similar information regarding what alternatives. and recommendations resulted from the previous study. In addition, the latest information contains the revised cost figures, as estimated by the Engineering Division, for several major cost items including installation of an elevator. If you have any questions or wish any additional information, please contact me. tpl/15 jI MICRDFILMED BY ..� 0 --�- I"1 JORM--MICR#L`"r CEDAR RAPIDS DES MDIYES II i City of Iowa City MEMORANDUM Date: December 21, 1982 i To: City Council , o� From: Dale Helling, Assistant City Manager — Re: Civic Center Accessibility for the Handicapped Attached please find a copy of materials which I provided to the Human Rights Commission regarding Civic Center accessibility for the handicapped. The Council had requested similar information regarding what alternatives. and recommendations resulted from the previous study. In addition, the latest information contains the revised cost figures, as estimated by the Engineering Division, for several major cost items including installation of an elevator. If you have any questions or wish any additional information, please contact me. tpl/15 jI MICRDFILMED BY ..� 0 --�- I"1 JORM--MICR#L`"r CEDAR RAPIDS DES MDIYES II Date: December 20, 1982 To: Iowa City Human Rights Commission 1 From: Dale Helling, Assistant City Manager i Re: Civic Center Accessibility for the Handicapped J i Attached please find a copy of a four page section from a document entitled Architectural Barrier Removal Pro ram, published in 1976 by the Iowa City Department of Community Development. Also attached is a copy of page 2 of the minutes of the Informal Council Meeting of February 12, 1981. The 1976 study which included the enclosed information on the Civic Center represents the most recent comprehensive evaluation of accessibility needs for the building. The Engineering Division now estimates that the elevator referred to in Section 3 would cost approximately $240,000, and further the chairlifts, also referred to in that section, would cost approximately $40,000 each. The current status of each numbered item in this document is as follows: 1. Two parking spaces for the handicapped have been reserved in the Chauncey Swan Plaza parking lot in the small area near the I northwest corner. In addition, two similar spaces have been i provided in the visitors' parking area on the north side of the Civic Center. However, there is no space reserved for the handicapped in the metered parking area on Washington Street I immediately south of the Civic Center. 2. There is no doormat outside the front entrance. I` ` 3. There does not appear to be any problem with the current stairway covering. No wheelchair lift has been installed connecting levels #1 and M2. The interior design of the police 1 department has been modified and a wheelchair occupant should have no problem obtaining service in the police department. I There is a buzzer which sounds when the door from the lobby entrance to the police department is opened. There is no wheelchair lift connecting levels M3 and M6. 4. Installation of grab bars and lever -type water controls has not 1 occurred in either of the lower level restrooms. I 5. The telephone in the police department has not been modified for accessibility. i I 3� 141CROFILMED eY —JOR M" --MIC RI CA B-- 1 CEDAR AAP105 •DES MOINES rlid 2 i 6. No new drinking fountain has been added. 7. No sign has been posted. The Space Needs Study as referred to in the minutes of the February 12, 1981, informal Council meeting includes a recommendation that a future addition to the north side of the Civic Center include an elevator which would make levels #1 ,lf2, #3 and N4 f completely accessible. New restrooms would be included in this project and these would also be accesssible. There are no specific plans for implementation of the Space Needs Study and thus no precise time frames within which the recommended modifications, including an elevator, might be achieved. It remains the policy of all departments in the City that any citizen to whom any area or office is inaccessible will be met and served by a representative from the appropriate office in a place convenient for the citizen. cc: City Council City Manager Phyllis Williams be/sp 1 i MICROFILMED BY R/b•LAB" LCEDAR RAPIDS DES MOINES civic LOCATION: 410 East Washington Street, Iowa City, Iowa MAJOR USES: Council meetings, information, staff offices, CENTER MAJOR OCCUPANTS: payment ebills ityemployeesandn d fees `jgeneral public j SPECIALIZED FACILITIES: Council Chambers, police department, fire department, i and City offices CATEGORY CURRENT SITUATION IMPROVEMENTS NEEDED SOLUTIONS COST 1. Parking No specialized parking is A minimum of two reserved Provide the recommended $ So available. spaces behind the Civic parking spaces. Center and in Chauncey Swan Plaza should be provided. In addition, a metered Washington Street space is recommended. 2. Sidewalks, The front entrance is The rubber door mat could be Install a recessed door- $ 600 Landings, accessible with ramp, land- a barrier. An appropriate mat. This is a lower Doorways Ing, handrails, low doorway mat should be installed. priority project. threshold, and two doorway types (revolving and regular). 3. Building People using wheeled ve- a) Interior stairs are of a) Tack stairway guards. $ 20 Levels, hicles (baby carriages, suitable design, but the Interior loading dollies, or wheel- rubber traction guards Floors, chairs) will find only the added to the Van Buren Stairs lobby, parks and recreation Street entrance stairway office, council chambers, have an overhanging edge _ and foyer accessible. Be- which could trip an cause of the building's unsuspecting person. sulti-level design, stairs These guards should be connect the six levels and tacked to the stair riser. provide barriers for more severely limited individuals. I JORM- MICR(?LA" CEDAR RAPIDS DES 1401RES L- r J 141CROFILIIED BY DORM MICR�L;4 B� CEDAR RAPIDS • DES MOIYES TIONS COST grab bars to $ 100 viduals with muscles. r -type water to aid those ited hand her improve - e not recom- ntil level N6 accessible to it occupants. bars and $ 100 PC water . Other ents are y only if becomes le to wheel- provements S 0 needed e multi- oblems are since the s can be r by able - rid minimally individuals. W IA L f% idI CROFILIdEO BY 1_. ... _ _�_-- I JORIIA"MICR�LAH' CEDAR RAPIDS DES F1I IES DNS COST the tele- S 20 add he phone usable by (plus r limited $2.75/ a able- month) led at $ 0 isn. S S IDEATE $2S,92S Informal Council Page 2 February 12, 496 Civic Center Handicapped Accessibility and Space Study 342/831, Kucharzak and Berlin outlined funding and extent of the three phases of the project; $30,000 for the study; $150,000 for Accessibility; and Renovation of Police Dept. Suggestions were made regarding use of HCOA funds, changes in energy and handicapped regulations and addition of affirmative action process; whether or not to renovate Civic Center; inadequacy of Police and Fire areas, possible move for Engineering to old Pollution Control Bldg, Berlin advised that the staff and department heads would identify all needs for space, and at that point could hire someone on the outside to put the information in some .kind of framework looking at the alternatives. Funding of $15,000 from operating revenues would be added to FY82 budget for the study. Council will discuss before other monies are allocated. Fueling Facility -Detail costs were requested. No change in schedule or funding. Salt Dome -Alternative solutions were requested. No change now in schedule or funding. Police Indoor Firing Range -Will be incorporated in the study of the Civic Center and space needs. Public Housing Site Acquisition -This money was allocated prior to establish- ment of CCN. However CCN will be asked to review this project. By May 18, Seydel will know what the cost. for 32 units is. The City will apply to change the remaining dollars into an acquisition type program to preserve r those dollars for Iowa City. If no action by June, HUD will de -obligate us. Seydel explained how the use of this money would permit the City to provide site developments or acquisition of a site and land -banking it for j awhile. Melrose Avenue Corridor Traffic Improvements-Schmadeke advised that if the Melrose Diagonal were built, most of the Byington/Grand project work would I be replaced. Perret 8 Roberts had attended a meeting of the Task Force, j whose recommendation might be available in April. Balmer stated that the Council had made a commitment to improve the corner and that he thought the diagonal was the best solution to other area traffic (hospital -sports - University). He suggested that r -o -w at Woolf be acquired. Council indicated that although they had a commitment to solve this problem also, the money allocated was not a specific amount for a specific problem. $300,000 will be allocated for FY83. Railroad Crossing Improvements -There was a short discussion on the possible 831-1090 1 funding from the railroad. No change in schedule or funding. Benton/Riverside Intersection-Schmadeke advised that he had talked with State officials. They would look at moving the project ahead. Council wishes to get going on this project. Sand Road Improvement Project -Council discussed assessing costs to adjacent j property owners. It will service a 150 lot trailer -court. Schmadeke stated that the new outfall sewer will tear up the road. A small culvert can be installed instead of a bridge. Asphalt overlay repair was suggested. �s Schmadeke will supply costs for asphalt overlay and a culvert. Lower Ralston Creek Channelization and Facility Improvement -No change in schedule or funding. - 13.5 1 MICROFILMED BY _i -JORM-MIC R�CAB CEDAR RAPIDS •DES FIOIAES .City of Iowa CH MEMORANDUM Date: December 17, 1982 To: City Manag r nd City Council From: Don Schmeis Director of Planning & Program Development Jim Hencin,1 BG Program Coordinator Re: Disposition of Property - Lower Ralston Creek Area The Redevelopment Plan for the Lower Ralston Creek Area, adopted by the City Council in 1979, proposes the sale of cleared and reassembled property for private redevelopment. Now that all work in the project area is completed, the City is in a position to offer those properties for sale to the public. There are six redevelopment parcels (labeled A-1, A-2, etc. on the attached map) which remain in the Lower Ralston Creek Area. Parcel D is designated for assisted hou��sing4 to be developed by the City or a private developer. As such, Fa-9wi>�withheld from the disposition process. A summary of pertinent information about the five parcels to be sold follows: Proposed Parcel Area (sq. ft.) Sale Price A-1 3,900 $13,525 A-2 12,035 $19,525 A-3 17,920 $46,525 B . 8,000 $13,525 C 26,745 $27,525 All parcels are presently zoned M1, Light Industrial. In accordance with the Redevelopment Plan, these parcels are to be redeveloped for any use which is consistent with the Comprehensive Plan. Due to their size, it is anticipated that some parcels may be purchased for site assemblage and redevelopment by adjoining property owners. The proposed minimum sale prices are based on current appraisals and include a pro rata share of the costs of property surveys and appraisals. In order to initiate the disposition process in accordance with state law (Chapter 403, Code of Iowa) and federal regulations (24 CFR Part 570), staff proposes.to follow the schedule outlined below: December 30, 1982 PPD and Legal staff complete prospectus and review of bid - contract documents. January 3, 1983 City Council (informal session) reviews prospectus and bid - contract documents. January 4, 1983 City Council approves all documents and resolution authorizing disposition of redevelopment parcels. j� i 141CRDFI1MIl Br L-1 - ! JORM-MIC R#C !+ CEDAR RAPIDS DES MDI YES 3b 'r j January 5, 1983 Jan 5 -Feb 4, 1983 February 4, 1983 February 15, 1983 bdw/sp Attachment cc: City Attorney n Issue prospectus and publish notice of disposition. Bid period (30 days). Formal receipt and opening of bids. Earliest date for City Council to designate successful purchaser(s). - City of Iowa Cit I-- MEMORANDUM Date: December 22, 1982 To: City Manager and City Council From: Deputy City Clerk /Ilfc Re: Committee on Community Needs Application At the last Council meeting a•question arose regarding the new application form for CCN. The Committee itself suggested the form be modified somewhat. The suggested form is attached for your review and contains the same information as the original. The only change would be that the additional questions would not be included with the application but rather be on a separate attached sheet. This would allow our office to utilize the same Board and Commissions Application Form as we have in the past. This also allows room for the income level tables to be presented. Our office concurs with the modified format and will distribute the new form starting with the current vacancy, unless Council disagrees with the change. bdw3/5 I1` �aOAM--MIC R�►L IC B"- '---�----� CEDAR RAPIDS DES t401NE5 ADVISORY BOARD/COMMISSION APPLICATION FORM i Individuals serving on Boards/Commissions play an important role in advising the Council on matters of interest to our community and its future. Applicants must reside in Iowa City, The City Council announces Advisory Board/Commission vacancies 90 days prior to the date the appointment will be made. This period provides fora 30—day advertising period and a 60 -day training period for new members. The training period allows new members to become familiar with the responsibilities and duties of the advisory hoard/commission before becoming a full voting member. After a vacancy has been announced and the 30 -day advertising period has expired, the Council reviews all applications during the informal work session. The appointment is announced at the next formal Council meeting. Appointees serve as unpaid volunteers. Council prefers that all applications must be submitted to the City Clerk no later than one week prior to the announced appointment date. PLEASE USE A BLACK INK PEN. THIS APPLICATION IS A PUBLIC DOCUMENT AND AS SUCH CAN BE REPRODUCED AND DISTRIBUTED FOR J THE PUBLIC. THIS APPLICATION WILL BE CONSIDERED FOR 3 MONTHS ONLY. - ADVISORY BOARD/COMMISSION NAME TERM NAME ADDRESS I OCCUPATION EMPLOYER PHONE NUMBERS: RESIDENCE BUSINESS EXPERIENCE AND/OR ACTIVITIES WHICH YOU FEEL QUALIFY YOU FOR THIS POSITION: 1 j WHAT IS YOUR PRESENT KNOWLEDGE OF THIS ADVISORY BOARD? i I 4 WHAT CONTRIBUTIONS DO YOU FEEL YOU CAN MAKE TO THIS ADVISORY BOARD (OR STATE REASON FOR APPLYING)? 1 Specific attention should be directed to possible conflict of interest as defined in Chapters 362.6, 403A.22 of the Code of Iowa. Should you be uncertain whether or not a potential conflict of interest exists, contact the Legal Dept. Will you have a conflict of interest? _YES NO If you are not selected, do you want to be notified? _YES NO This application will be kept on file for 3 months. May 1962 31 141CROFTOED BY -� �1 ,,` 'DORM --MIC Rf�CAB'- L I CEDAR RAPIDS DES MOINES i r* ATTACHMENT TO APPLICATION FOR COMMITTEE ON COMMUNITY NEEDS IN ORDER TO ENSURE THAT THE COMMITTEE ON COMMUNITY NEEDS IS REPRESENTATIVE OF THE COMMUNITY AND THE GROUP(S) WHICH IT SERVES, PLEASE INDICATE IF YOU ARE A MEMBER OF ANY OF THE FOLLOWING CATEGORIES: Elderly (62 or older) Handicapped or Disabled Racial or Ethnic Minority Lower Income (see chart below) None of the above Your response is voluntary, and you may wish instead to elaborate on or indicate areas in which you can make a special contribution to the Committee in another section of this form. MAXIMUM ADJUSTED GROSS INCOME LEVELS FOR LOWER INCOME HOUSEHOLDS (12/82) $13,350 for a I -person household $15,250 for a 2 -person household $17,150 for a 3 -person household $19,050 for a 4 -person household $20,250 for a 5 -person household $21,450 for a 6 -person household $22,600 for a 7 -person household $23,800 for an 8+ person household 31 MICROFILMED BY " JORM:--- MICR#L'QB� 1 CEDAR RAPIDS • DES MOIRES / n • PUBLI- C�� -Infrastructure• W to HO J uthe by ALLAN T. DEMAREE Surely you've heard the latest. "Every- body's favorite term in Washington," says a bureaucrat, "is infrastructure." Accord- ing to one recent magazine article, Ameri- ca's bridges and tunnels, subways and sewers, highways and byways are "head- ing toward collapse." poli tictans see this as a catastrophe of the best kind. With 11.6 million unemployed to get working, what better chance to roll out the pork barrel and rebuild America? As an aide to the Senate Environment and public Works Committee put it: "We'd kill two birds with one stone." No one within a stone's throw of the Capitol wants to belast to cast this particu- lar missile. Drew Lewis, Secretary of Transportation, says raising gasoline taxes a nickel a gallon and spending the revenue on highways and mass transit would cre- ate 320,000 jobs. Congressman Henry S. Reuss of Wisconsin, chairman of the joint Economic Committee, suggests the Dem. ocrats can generate more jobs for less - 600,000 for 93.6 billion. Late last week the Senate Republicans were gathering no moss as they looked for ways to play Can YOU Top Tlds? They plan to counter the Democrats with a cement-mfxing lollapa- looza of their own in the upcoming lame duck smion. "We all smell the same thing out there," says Bailey Guard, majority staff director of the Senate Public Works Committee. "You can see it coming." Without doubt, America needs repair, but so does the verge -of -doom rhet- oric Supplicants for cash—public works departments, construction companies, unions, and their allies -inflate the na. Restarrh nswk•ialn Ann u,xelmmn 122 FORTUNE D> ,, t, re., rest lion's infrastructure needs, while politi. clans exaggerate what public works prof. ects will do for the unemployed. The scariest generalities find their way Into print. Congressional staff rrtembers write In a Woll Street journal op-ed piece that "basic public facilities threaten tocrumble from decades of neglect"A Business Week special report talks of "growing numbers of bunting water mains, flooding basee- ments, creaking bridges, collapsing roads, and stalling buses" A Newsweek cover story on 'The Decaying of America" calls the nation's sewers "subterranean time bombs," These and other articles borrow heavily from pat Choate, former bureau- crat, now a senior polity analyst at TRW Inc. An author of America in Ruins and other works of advocacy, Choate has be- come the pied piper of infrastructure chic (see box, page 129), Public works advocates are right that federal, state, and local governments are spending less on fixed capital than they used to. Netting out depreciation and ad- jusling for inflation, the value of schools, streets, sewers, and other civilian infra. structure grew 3.296 annually In the first two postwar decades. in the last ten years the capital stock grew only 1.7% annually. Conditions around the country varymark. edly: Newark, New jersey, estimates that 85% of Its street mileage needs major re- pairs, resurfacing, or reconstruction; the citycan't afford the bit 1.In Dal hit, by con- trast, the streets are steadily being im. proved. Things are worst in Impoverished old cities that have been axing capital bud. gets and deferring maintenance while spending more on popular services. Whether all declines in public invest. ment are bad isdebatable. After increasing 3.8%annually in the first 20 postwar years, the value of roads and bridges has edged up only 0.7% a year for the past decade. Barry Bosworth, an economist at the Brookings Institution who has been study. Ing capital investment, thinks this unfor- tunate. "We know we're building roads where people are moving," he says, "sr to get essentially zero growth there must be big declines in other places." But schools are a different matter. The growth of in. vestment in them fell from 53% a year in the two postwar decades to 1.2% in the last ten years. Many schools have been closed and more probably should be sold as office space. Elementary school enroll- ment dropped 15,41% In ten years. Trafficking in folklore Much of what'ssaidabout infrastructure is best considered folklore. The executive direclor of the League of Iowa Municipal- ities, who has likened the states roads to the He Chi Minh Trail, might be surprised to team that, according to the latest Feder- al Highway Administration data, drivers can travel at 55 mph in peak hours on more miles of freeways, expressways, and non -urban arteries than they could three years earlier. While its estimates of Ilse na- tion's fixed capital are the best available, the Commerce Department admits they have shortcomings. Commerce deprecl- a tes bulldings, bridges, and sewer systems over standard assumed lives and makes ll,a d IsIInclIll, n between well -main tained facil. ities and those that have gone to put. Sometimes older is better. the Louisville i MICROrILMID BY -DORM "M1CFR6L_AE3 - .} CEDAR RAPIDS • DES MOVIES 1I :P J r .Na 1. um..< Water Co. reports that mains installed from 1926 to 1930 fail nearly four limes as often as those installed from 1862 to 1900. Perhaps buses are breaking down more heyucnlly, but proof iselusive.The Urban Institute had so much trouble getting unnparable data on vehicle downtime in various cities that it gave up. Some cities counted routine maintenance as down- time; others didn't. Some counted any time a bus wasn't operating, others only deviations from scheduled operation. Fi- nally, downtime numinrs were as much influenced by labor practices as by the buses' cundilion. In New York City, union agreements define louse mirrors as main- tenance jobs that can't be performed by bus drivers and require a service cape. The gargantuan amounts repeatedly quoted as needed to rebuild America are, pm charitably, imaginative. While declar- ing Ihal absence of reliable dila is a "na- tional disgrace," Pat Choate nonetheless nckuns the bill it $31rillion (roughly the current GNP). Joseph N1. Sussman, head of MIT's civil engineering department and no foe of rebuilding, calls the figure "a lit- he bit loaded." Even more reasonable nunnhers often re- flect gill -edged standards. The must recent federal survey put the need for investment in wastewater treatment at $119 billion. But this assumes building systems that will make all rivers and lakes "fishable" and "swimmable" by July and will elimt- nate all polluting discharges by 1985. According to an aft -cited statistic, as much as $47.6 billion is needed to repair the 45% of the nation's 248,500 bridges that are "structurally deficient or function- ally obsolete:' That language could per- suade a while -knuckled driver to swear off river crossings altogether—until he dis- covers the definition of "deficiency." In Department of Transportation lingo, defi- ciency can range f rum a serious safety haz. ard to inappropriate "deck geomel ry"—for instance, a bridge deck that is narrower MICROFILMED BY JORM MICROLAB j CEDAR RAPIDS • DlS VVIES Shedd ng concrete, Manhattan's elevated Riverside Drive, builI in 1898, exempli- fies the decrepit public facilities that are visible in many cities. Less apparent is evidence that laws to create (abs can rem- edy the problem efficiently, or vice versa. than the highway and 5o might cause slowdowns in peak -hour traffic. Limited deck geometry and other less -than -cata- strophic conditions account for more than half of bridge deficiencies. Federal fix -up funds are available on the basis of state in- spections, so the states have an incentive to exaggerate deficiencies. Politicians, for their part, have an incen- tive to exaggerate the number of jobs their initiatives will create. This largely ac- counts for the dizzying array of figures seen in the press. The New York Times re- cently described a "rule of thumb" that $1 billion spent on highways creates 25,1100 jobs while $1 billion spent on sew- age treatment generates 35,1100. Yet Drew Lewis's numbers for his highway program come to 58,182 per $1 billion. And Henry FORTUNE ra. rqm 123 3S Mi J -1, This Man Sells Infra -worry Pat Choate at ruin -side Pat Choate, 41, is a man with ideas, some good, and no inclination to under- sell them. He testifies before congres- sional committees, writes articles and books, provides research to Congress- men, and is widely quoted in the press. His main theme is that the decline of America's public facilities threatens to become "a critical bottleneck to national economic renewal." For him, the west Reuss's figures on bridge painting, sewer maintenance, and the like come to 166,667 jobs per $1 billion. Those awaiting the imminent arrival of the fat man in the red suit will take these numbers to heart. The boys at the Bureau of Labor Statistics use a computer model to estimate the job -creating power of Sl billion spent in any Industry and, killjoys that they are, manage to damp enthusi- asm.One might assume, for example, that each job created by one of these schemes would provide a year of full-time work. The first thing one learns from chewing the fat at the BLS, however, is that not all jobs that look equal are created equal. The numbers bandied about don't distinguish between part-time and full-time jobs. An employee who puts In two hours a week 124 FORTUNE Qrem rx t982 wing of the Capitol (above), temporarily shared up with timbers, symbolizes the infrastructure's demise. Choate's ideas are going places. He is urging creation of a National Public Works Bank that would guarantee local infrastructure debts. Congressman Wil- liam E Clinger Jr., a Pennsylvania Re- publican, plans a bill to establish the bank. Choate also wants the federal gov- ernment to inventory public works, identify deficiencies, and start a capital budget. A bill to do that has 51 sponsors in the House and support from conser- vative Jack Kemp and liberal Tip O'Neill. Washington is an ideal environment for Choate. He has a keen mind, mis- sionary drive, a sense of haw govern- ment works, and a neighborly manner that smacks of his Texas birthplace, Maypearl (named for the wives of two railroad engineers). A Ph.D. in econom- ics (University of Oklahoma), he has worked as a state planner for Oklahoma and Tennessee, an administrator in the federal Appalachian program, and a thinker with Battelle Memorial Institute and now TRW Inc., which he joined in Washington 18 months ago. Choate's ever quoted America in Ruins—co-authored with Susan Walter, a state planner turned CE liaison with state governments—is going into a mass-market edition and has been translated into Japanese. Meanwhile he is on to his next national worry. Hr s ar- guing for a U.S. strategy to retrain and upgrade the work force. America's hu- man capital, Choate thinks, is as run- down as its physical capital. counts the same as one who works five days of full shifts. For every 100 jobs in construction, 22 are part-time. The job totals include not just on-site construction but also the labor employed producing materials and providing ser- vices needed to do the work. Sewer con- struction, for instance, counts not just dig- ging the trenches and laying the line but also trucking the pipe to the site, pouring the steel, and mining the Iron ore. Still, with all this counted in, the best the BIS computer can come up with for the jobs In Lewis's plan is 30,000 per 51 billion. How does Lewis get 58,182? He hauls out the "multiplier." A handy gadget, the multiplier Is used to calculate the jobs cre- ated by the secondary, tertiary, and qua- ternary effects of spending. That is, on his i 141CROFILMED BY J I JORM MICR46LAB CUM RAPIDS DES adOL'IES I ,ray home from work Rocky stops for a beer and tips Betty the barmaid who can now afford to have her nails manicured at Salon Royale by Sally Lou who has been saving up for that skirt over at the Vogue Shoppe where the manager ... Empirical data on the size of the multiplier is scant, but economists generally figure that each job for an original Rocky spawns another as his wages are spent. To be fair to Lewis, he latched on to the employment issue for the political tug it could give a proposal he introduced nearly a yearago; he has been careful to state that roads, not jobs, are his goal. Raising the 4 - cent federal gas tax for road building makes sense. as a user fee, it charges driv- ers for the highways they wear out. The tax hasn't been increased since 1959 (and is now worth 1.4 cents in 1959 dollars). For the Democrats, jobs, not roads, are the goal. While dressing up his proposals in infrastructure garb, Reuss doesn't aim to achieve anything more ambitious than filling potholes; in fact his jobs would in- clude Inspecting for fire hazards, replacing schoul-crossing signs, and other work once supported by CLTA programs. Even so, the 600,000 -job figure is reached only by requiring that no beneficiary be hired for longer than six months. More turnover, more "jobs." The jobs that vanish While expounding on the jobs they are creating, the politicians somehow forget about the jobs they will destroy. Faced with higher taxes on gasoline under the Lewis plan, consumers will buy less gas and/or spend less on other things. As spending falls, jobs are lost. The BLS esti- mates that every $1 billion spent at the pump produces 14,700 jobs (not counting multiplier effects) and on consumer goods and services generally, 33,300 jobs. Reuss's proposal would be financed by cuts in military spending. Tightening the military's belt may make sense, but jobs could get squeezed out of existence too. Some 25,900 people are employed per $1 billion of military expenditures. No program Congress adopts will do Continued W u J much good in this recession. Similar past efforts started up just in time to coincide with recovery, inflating prices of labor and materials -as the economy expanded. The Accelerated Public Works program was aimed at the recession of 1960.61 but be- gan in 1962; the Public Works Impact pro- gram, tut the recession tit 1969.70, started in 1972; and the Lucat Public Works pro- gram, fur the recession tit 1974.75, gut go- ing in 1977. The last program began shell- ing out stoney nearly 24 months after the economy hit bottom. Local Public Works did ultimately become countercyclical: the final pennies dribbled out of the Treasury in 1980, when the next recession began. Complex public works take years to clank up and employ few of the nation's neediest. An Office of Management and Budget study estimates that only 12 in 100 jabs financed by the Lucal Public Works program went to the unemployed --and just over 52 of every $100 went for their wages. On average, unskilled workers kept their jobs less than four weeks. Yet the cost for a full year's job was $70,000. Most beneficiaries came from outside the high -unemployment areas designated for aid; they were workers brought in by out-of-town contractors. They were paid in conformity with the Davis Bacon Act, which requires compensation to match the area's "prevailing" (read high, union) wages. Says Barry Bosworth, who was di- rector of President Carter's Council on 128 FORTUNE OcarTt,e, is 1982 L Wage and.Price Stability: "To build high- ways will put a Ibt of people to work for wages higher than those earned by two- thirds of the American work force." The politics of jobs programs practi- cally guarantees inefficiencies. Anticipat- ing that they'll receive federal funds for public works, local, governments tend to hold their own money back from these projects. Charles L. Schultze, who served the Johnson Administration as budget di- rector and President Carter as chief eco- nomic adviser, knows the syndrome well. "The big thing about money," he says, "is it's fungible. After the first year, if a state gets money allocated to high -unemploy- ment areas, it adjusts its own budget to compensate." One analysis of the Local Public Works program suggests that local governments, awaiting federal money, -postponed S22 billion of spending, thus lowering the GNP by perhaps $30 billion. By allocating money to areas of high, est unemployment, Reuss's proposal will clang the bell for a titanic wrestling match. "As soon as aformula is announced, all districts and -stales know what they'll get and start pulling pressure ori says Schultze. "Publicly, the argument Is about principle; privately, it's who gels what. With most lobbies having access to a com- puter, boy! they know within len minutes what they gel. It's a game of comparative computer runs." The Local Public Works program had , lalcannuafn nv JORM MICROLAB CEDAR RAPIDS • DI`. 401'1(5 station in Detroit's wastewater plant can handle 1.3 billion lay, but the valves are 40 years Water and Sewerage Depart - king for some $3.8 million in y-75% of the cost of upgrad- prove the plant. The state used to additional 5% until, a water man says, "it ran dry." I in applications for the first vailable. Pat Choate, then at the d of Commerce, remembers: y panics. It's one time only. e arms off of our Congressman. it. Su you wind up with turkey )ughl in on a one -lime basis. In if offices the projects were roll - ie sackfuls. Our assistant secre- list of phone calls, these while- ovay slips, stacked a mile high. uy, they just worked him over." will the current proposals pro - illy again? Says Choate: "You I on it." President Reagan is right to re- sist me public works employment rage, the federal government can do some things. One—and it's cheap—is to adopt a national capital budget, as Choate and oth- ers propose. That would provide better information on the infrastructure and help legislators make informed trade-offs among competing demands. Up against the iron law Still, the country will face what George E. Peterson, director of the Urban Insti- tute's Public Finance Center, calls "an iron law of social behavior": infrastructure "needs" always exceed economic demand or taxpayer willingness to pay. In reality, communities may not need storm sewers capable of handling the decade's single heaviest downpour. Some bridges, ade- quate indefinitely for auto traffic, may have to be dosed to heavy trucks. Peterson says a large part of the gap between re- sources and wants will be closed nut by in- creasing investment but by lowering gilt- edged standards and finding cheaper ways of replacing and refurbishing. The effects on jobs should not enter the calculation. An economic recovery could produce more jobs in a single month than can be realistically expected front the em- ployment legislation. Till recovery comes, it's senseless to attempt, in Bosworth's words, "a lot of little micrnpolieies that ba- sically by to redistribute hardship." Aim- ing at two birds with one slune will just leave us with a wasted stone C� 3r 1 J 11111111111D 11 -JORM--MICR#LA8"- CEDAR RAPIDS DES MOINES zz I City of Iowa City Ff=MEMORANDUM DATE: December 30, 1982 —� TO: City Council FROM. City Manager RE: Material in Thursday's Packet Copy of letter to area legislators regarding meeting with the Council Legislative Committee on January 4, 1983. yo Copy of letter from the Mayor to Chairperson of the Parks and Recreation Commission regarding future action to be channeled through the Commission. Memorandum from the Human Relations Director regarding the City Clerk's position. Memoranda from the City Attorney: a. Ronald Evans Appeal b. Airport Commission Vacancy Memorandum from the Finance Director regarding Design Review Committee's recommendations on Industrial Revenue Bonds. �•; Memorandum from the Director of Planning and Program Development regarding Housing Market Analysis (booklet attached). f/l• _ Copy of letter from City Manager to Armstrong's Inc. re Urban Renewal Parcel 64-1a/Department Store Site 47 N r) December 29, 1982 The Honorable Andrew McKean Morley, Iowa 52312 Dear Mr. McKean: Enclosed please find a copy of a tentative agenda for the upcoming meeting on January 4, 1983, of area State legislators with the Legislative Committee of the City Council. A copy of the League of Iowa Municipalities 1982-83 legislative policies is also enclosed. Please note that the agenda provides for the discussion of other issues of interest or concern to you as a State legislator. The Legislative Committee believes that this opportunity for direct dialogue is very valuable to the City and essential in maintaining the best communications between local policymakers and you as our representatives in the State Legislature. We appreciate the opportunity to meet with you and look forward to discussing our legislative priorities and mutual concerns. Sincerely, Mary C. Neuhauser Mayor bdw/sp Enclosure cc: David Perret John Balmer Same letter to: Minnette Doderer Jean Lloyd -Jones Art Small Richard Varn ^—FCEDARR ROFILRED BY '-MICR#L'Ae1PIDS •DES MOINES i, MEETING AGENDA CITY COUNCIL OF IOWA CITY LEGISLATIVE COMMITTEE and AREA STATE LEGISLATORS HIGHLANDER INN JANUARY 4, 1983 8:00 A.M. I. Cost of Legislative Mandates 2. City Finance Issues a. Local Option Taxes b. Municipal Assistance C. Equitable Proportions of Funding to Cities, especially Road Use Tax and Transit Assistance 3. Public Records Law - clarification of what are "Public Records and Documents" 4. Tort Liability - Sidewalk Snow Removal' 5. Civil Service Law Reform . 6. Open Meetings Law Revisions 7. Other issues of concern to Legislative Committee 8. Other issues of concern to Area Legislators. 410 i MICROFILMED DY -3 - -- JOR M--MICR+LA B" I / CEDAR RAPIDS • DES MOINES I ;�� League of Iowa Municipalities 1982 - 83 legislative policieg Adopted September 17, 1982 at the League's Annual Swine"Meering The Lague of Iowa Municipalities presents this statement of policy as an expression of the needs of the mote than two million Iowans Living in municipalities This statement of Iegbiatia policy represents the philosophy of efficient and cost-effective government in which cit, say and public officals shoe the cuncem and responsibility of Provld- Ing acass ey and adequate public services at a renewable war. Underlying this policy is considerable municipal experience with de - clearing federal aid, erosion of tax base, instability In state appropria- tions, mandated personnel policies and limitations on an ability to mise revenue. Falling revenuer combined with Increasing costa make it extremely difficult for cities to fulfill their traditional role of providing the basic structures for economic development well as streets, bridges, "at. water systems and transit. City government should have a major role in shaping hal economic development. Local residents, Out some other level of government. should determine ON "lure of and lewd of such development, the types and amounts of taxes it levies, the land user it allows and the way it deals with its esnPloYe 1. LEGISLATIVE MANDATES. The legislature should enact legis- lation requiring state reimbursement for cans of impkmmting state modern imposed on cities by state statutn or administrative rules. Actions of state government in specifying the mrsner, standards and condialons'under whish public services ane tendered to citiuns by the cilics of this state on occasion have not tewlted in equitable lelalian- ships between she slate goverment and those cities. Some of these anions have dealt In detail with the imernal management of local gov- tomments; others have specified lite establishment of new services and facilities without providing any new revenue sourw or soy financial participation by the state in mating the additional astL Still others love specified the adoption of higher standards without a full auess- ma y of the impact upon local expenditures and tax rateL To mat these comm, the state should enact legislation which enunciates policies, criteria and procedures to govern any future state - Initiated specifications of local government services, standards, employ- ment conditions and retirement benefits that have the effect of neces- sitating increased hal goesmment expenditures In such a way as to accommodate the constitutional obligations of the state government In addressing problems of statewide concern, while avoiding the impoli- Ibn of sate standards upon asemially local raponslbililbs without uppropalate reimbursement or other appropriate fiscal putbiPalbn on the pan of state government. 6 2. ROME RULE. The legislature should resist infringing upon the sight of self-determination granted to residents of Iowa cities by the constitution and home yule law. Further, it should expand that right of selfdelesmimtion to matters other than administrative, d. CRY FINANCE. The legislature should promote strong lord government with sound financial policies that allow cillos todetermiee the most efficient means of providing the services demanded by the public by: a. housing that city programs and selfless receive an equitahle pro- portion of the state revenues generated from cities, b. enabling cities to utilize local option taxes. c. examining the propriety of all present property tax exemptlons, and d. increasing fates for tax delinquencies. 4. LAND USE. The legislature should recognize the public need for memiryful land use policies by making certain that present and future state laws encourage wise land on decisions and provide cilics and aunties with the eaeentary authority to implement efficient land use eontrolL S. TRANSPORTATION. The development and maiolanance of out tnmPortation system is anstnined by limited final rewural The leglassua should nuke attain that. a. the Road Use Tax fund maintains our mad and street system by providing adequate revenue and equitably distributing the fluids. Is. both urban and mal transit programs tae assisted by state fund- ing in a manner that allows for inflation, grow til, and bead meds in the allocation formula, and c. the integrity of all other transportation modes including rail, air and water systems Is preserved and strengthened. 6. PUBLIC SAFETY. Adequate law enfarument and paying for It Is as much a concern in smaller cities m it is In largo cities. The legisla- ture should assist smaller cities by fully funding the local cast of train- ing law enforcement offscels. 7. CIVIL SERVICE. The legislature should revise or eliminate city civil service pmvishms that have Out been substantially altered alma 1937, present salutes are too specific to allow the necessary flexibility for affected cilics to adopt modern personnel practices. a. EMPLOYMENT. Cities alone tack the fiscal resources to stimu- late the economy and ante jobs for their citizens. If economic deal - opmeol is to be achieved and out cities strengthened, a partnership of all levels of government with the private sector must be undertaken. Training programs and activities underway must be enauaged and maintained. ° R. E. HAYS AND ASSOCIATES CODIFIERS FOR THE LEAGUE OF IOWA MUNICIPALITIES '�'`NhCt*I•r Sults 102 West TowraBldg.-1200antbSrest —West Desponee6115wa 5025 R, E. Hays President IOWA MUNICIPALITIES, October, 1982 1 i NICROf ILIIED BY _-DORM.MICR#LAS' l h CEDAR RAPIDS v DES b101.1ES J l i df D T �J CITY OF CMC CENFER 4 10 E. WASHINGTON ST December 29, 1982 IOWA CITY IOWA Crrv. IC)VVA 522110 Q19) 356-5(M .7 Mr. Fred Riddle, Chairperson Iowa City Parks & Recreation Commission 2041 Ridgeway Drive Iowa City, Iowa 52240 Dear Mr. Riddle: The City Council has officially received and placed on file the minutes of the Parks and Recreation Commission meeting of November 10, 1982. At that meeting the Commission discussed the decision of the City Council to name the Little League fields in Lower City Park "Bobby Oldis Fields." Your discussion further resulted in a recommendation to the City Council that any future action of this sort involving the Department of Parks and Recreation be channeled first through your Commission for a recommendation. Council discussed the above recommendation at its informal meeting on December 21, 1982, and we concur. Future considerations of this nature will be referred to the Parks and Recreation Commission for a recommendation prior to formal action being taken by the City Council. Your input regarding this matter is appreciated. Your enthusiastic endorsement of the decision to rename the fields "Bobby Oldis Fields" is also appreciated. This matter received unanimous approval from the City Council and we believe that this action is highly appropriate, considering the contributions which Bobby Oldis made to the baseball program in Iowa City. Sincerely, 11,11�WJ4 Mary C. Neuhauser Mayor bdw/sp cc: City Council City Manager Dennis Showalter SMICROFILMED BY I DORM-��MIC R1dLAB'- f CEDAR RAPIDS DES MOI4E5 fe / City of Iowa Cit; MEMORANDUM Date: December 28, 1982 To: City Council From: Anne Carroll, Director of Human Relations Re: City Clerk Position Previously in your packet you received recommendations concerning the selection process and salary for the position of City Clerk. The agenda for the informal session January 3 includes time for discussion of the following questions so that the process of filling this position can be begun: 1. Length of posting and breadth of advertising efforts. 2. Adequacy of job announcement. 3. Interview process. 4. Salary range. bdw2/1 i i j 1 i t F f¢ 4 F F City of Iowa Cit; MEMORANDUM Date: December 28, 1982 To: City Council From: Anne Carroll, Director of Human Relations Re: City Clerk Position Previously in your packet you received recommendations concerning the selection process and salary for the position of City Clerk. The agenda for the informal session January 3 includes time for discussion of the following questions so that the process of filling this position can be begun: 1. Length of posting and breadth of advertising efforts. 2. Adequacy of job announcement. 3. Interview process. 4. Salary range. bdw2/1 City of Iowa City MEMORANDUM Date: December 16, 1982 To: City Council From:. Anne Carroll Re: City Clerk Position Following Abbie Stolfus' resignation announcement I have prepared some recommendations for your consideration concerning the process for filling the Position of City Clerk and establishment of the appropriate hiring salary for this Position. Posting Period/Advertisement/Selection Process Few requirements exist concerning the posting or necessary advertisement for this Position because it is exempt from both Civil Service regulations and Union contract language. The education and experience requirements of the job itself tend to influence any advertisement we might voluntarily undertake. Presumably the Council will wish to require either previous Iowa experience as a City Clerk or Deputy and/or certification as a City Clerk, and these requirements can be upheld as necessary to successful job performance. Because these requirements are so specialized, and the fact that qualified internal applicants potentially exist would tend to diminish the effectiveness of much general recruitment. I would recommend that the position be posted for three weeks, with concurrent internal and external advertisement, that ads be placed locally and in 2-3 major Iowa newspapers, and that job announcements be sent to City Clerk's offices in the top 15-20 or so Iowa cities. Any of these actions except internal/external posting and the local advertising could be dropped if the Council has a strong preference for considering only internal applicants. A draft job announcement is attached for your review. I would recommend that all qualified applicants be interviewed (up to a reasonable number) using a structured oral interview format, a draft of which I will prepare and submit for your review. The interview could be conducted by a subcommittee of the Council, the Council as a whole and/or utilize outside experts, i.e., current City Clerks, municipal clerk institute trainers, etc., using the City Attorney selection process as a model. Salary The salary of the current City Clerk is $27,580 and she has had 12 years in this position. The salary of the current Deputy City Clerk was adjusted 3.7% to $18,803 in her last annual evaluation, November 21, 1982, and she will be eligible as a Confidential, for an across the board increase July 1, 1983, if approved by Council with one final merit increase to $19,344 (X across the board increase) November 1983, which is the top step of the Deputy Clerk salary range. Recently we completed a survey of current City Clerk salaries, years on the job, and staff size - using the same cities as surveyed for Administrative positions 1 It 4 MICROFILMED DY I 1' -"JORM --MICR6L O` 1111 I+ CEDAR RAPIDS DES MOINES -J Lf /1 I but not including City Clerk positions where significant financial responsibilities, akin to those of a finance Director are involved. City Clerk Years on C� FY83 Salary the Job Size f Ames $21,249 3 2 Cedar Rapids $26,291 7 5 Council Bluffs $26,126 6 2 Des Hoines $32,000 6 7 Dubuque • $28,488 7 Sioux City $19 3 250 1 2 Davenport $24232 5 2-3 Survey Average $25,376 4 3.4 Additionally, I utilized the Hayes/Hill job evaluation system to attempt to informally classify the City Clerk position in relation to other. Iowa City administrative positions. This process indicated that, if classified formally the position would be placed in salary grade 0, $20,134-$28,600. I would recommend that formally or informally this salary range be kept in mind for assignment of both hiring and maximum salaries for the City Clerk's position, in order to assure that the position is not being over or under compensated, and that internal equity is preserved. Traditionally, there has been some flexibility in hiring slightly above the minimum salary, especially after consideration of the successful applicant s current salary. In cases of promotion into Administrative positions Our establishment of edent is for a salary,consideraltion should alsoase over current be given to whether or not the successful* applicant will be eligible for a July 1 increase. Please let me know if I may supply any additional information. tp2/2-3 141CRO11IM11 BY L...- JORM-MICR#LA13'- 111 CEDAR RAPIDS DES IIDINES 7 '0' City of Iowa City MEMORANDUM Date: To: All Current City Employees and General Public From: Human Relations Department Re: Job Vacancy CITY CLERK (Salary?) Direct the operational, financial and personnel activities of the City Clerk's Office. Supervises and participates in reporting, filing, indexing and safekeeping all proceedings of the City Council, and other legally required information. Attends formal and informal City Council meetings and other sessions as necessary and takes and transcribes. Retrieves data requested and provides information requiring independent judgment and discretion• in the interpretation of City ordinances, policies and state laws. Develops City ,Clerk Office procedures and coordinates activities with other departments and agencies. Supervises, provides general direction and reviews work of support staff, reviews and approves all operating expenditures and personnel actions of the City Clerk's Office. Education and Experience: Requires two years of experience as a City Clerk or Deputy City Clerk in the State of Iowa and good progress towards attaining certification as a Municipal Clerk, plus two years of college level coursework; or an equivalent combination of training and experience. Good knowledge of the statutory requirements and operational procedures of a City Clerk's Office required and previous supervisory experience preferred. City Clerk must become a resident of the City of Iowa City upon appointment. Apply before 5:00 p.m., 1983, Human Relations Department, 410 E. Washington, Iowa City, Iowa 52240, (319) 356-5026, The City of Iowa City is an affirmative action employer. Applications from female and minority group members are encouraged. bdw4/3 i MICROEILIdED DY _J 1--JORM "MICF4#1:Ae3-- 111 ICEDAR RAPIDS DES MOINES i U CERTIFIED MUNICIPAL CLERK BASIC REQUIREMENTS Each applicant must: I. be a Municipal ('lurk 3. he a memher of IIMC for three years, ,t- Ile at leAt IX years old. 4. lidieve in and practice the IIMC Cock of Elhice 5. submit an approved IIMC application form with appropriate documentation and the requited fa, and t,. fumish a letter from a fellow clerk as a sponsor. STANDARDS FOR CERTIFICATION In addition to meeting the basic requirements• an applicant may be qualified by either of the two following standards: Attain a total of 111 00 pointsoR I1 LONE OF THE FOLLOWING POINTS - E 'College or university degree at the 1 Bachelor keel in Public Adminis tralion or related field SO !Satisfactory completion of a State, Provincial, or Regional course of education approved by IIMC SO — 'AA degree in Public Administration 23 *Bachelors degree in an un - a relt df I i ry e led 23 • AND POINTS MAX Experience as a Municipal Clerk 2 per yr 40 Administrative position in local government 2 per yr Administrative position in fcderd, state, and county goremmenl and in corporate business I per yr Attendance at IIMC Annual Conference 4 each Attendance at State, Pro. vincial, or Regional meetings 2 each •University or college general % per course work and/or eorrespon. credit dente courses approved by IIMC hour "APPwPriate documentation /o be pled with application 30, 30 20 10 25 Be a Municipal Clerk for 10 Yeah .on or before May 31, 1970. 0 File with 11MC Head• guartee a c"I'led copy of the appointing or election docu- ment from his municipality. 0 Submit a profaeional paper of 1,000 words or more on a profeeYoual subject perthwnt to the dutles and role of muni• dpd clerks. (The paper will be rad by member of the Certo ficatton Committee and report• ed on, as to acceptance or rejection, within 4S days.) ASSOCIATE CERTIFIED MUNICIPAL CLERK Deputy Clerks may allain certification as Associate Certified Municipal Clerk upon fulfillment of all requirements for Certification, with the exception of status as a Municipal Clerk, They may become fully certified when they are appointed or elected Municipal Clerk. 0 141CROFILMED BY -DORM---MICR�CA6'- CEDAR RAPIDS DES MO NES 11� TZ I city of Iowa city MEMORANDUM ._ DATE: 14 December 1982 TO: Neal Berlin, City Manager FROM: Robert I.I. Jansen acid Richard J. Boyle, Legal Department ' ��!�`.� �— RE: City Clerk Resignation 9 City Clerk, Abbie Stolfus, has submitted her resignation, to be effective at the end of December 1982. QUESTIONS PRESENTED I. Must the Council appoint an Acting City Clerk for the period between the date the resignation is effective and the date a new city clerk takes office? 2. At what time must the replacement become a city resident be- fore appointment or before qualifying (i.e., taking office). CONCLUSIONS 1. Council must appoint an Acting City Clerk to serve from the the effective date of the incumbant's resignation until the successor qualifies for office as provided in City Code section 2-75. 2. The new city clerk must be a qualified elector, residing in Iowa City, at the time of appointment. DISCUSSION We have found no Iowa statutes or cases relating to these questions, and the City Code is silent regarding the duties and responsibilities of deputies and assistants of city officers and employees. How- ever, 3 McQuillin Municipal Corporations Ord Ed: Rev.), sections 12.32 and 12.33 notes that generally a deputy to a municipal officer serves in such position only as long as his/her prinicpal, so a deputy clerk's tens would be considered to have expired upon the effective date of the clerk's resignation. Therefore, in order to assure the proper functioning of the city clerk's office, the city council should appoint an "Acting City Clerk" during the interim between the resign- ation of the incumbant and qualification of the new clerk. i MICROFILMED BY I-_ JDR M�--MIC RI�LAB- ' CEDAR RATIOS • DES 1 011E5 i f 7'oz., n -2- City Code section 2-75 requires that "the council appoint a city clerk, who must be a qualified elector, residing within ;the city", and who must thereafter qualify f0 office..by taking the oath and executing a bond within ten days of appointment. The Code language seems to indicate that residency in Iowa City is required at the time of appointment. McQuillan (section 12.59) supports that in- terpretation, stating - "A residence requirement usually means residence at the time or date of election or appointment." It is our opinion, therefore, that the person selected to fill the position must be a resident of Iowa City on the date of the appointment by the City Council. MICROFILMED BY J0RM_MICR#L/C9F— CEDAR RAPIDS - DES MOINES T,. City of Iowa CI!3V MEMORANbUM ' Date: December 20, 1982 To: Members of City Council From: Robert W. Jansen and Richard J. Boyle 'f•: -I Re: City Clerk's Office I This is to supplement our December 14, 1982, memorandum which was addressed to therkity Manager. A question has arisen as to the status of the Deputy City QUESTION PRESENTED What is the status of the current Deputy City Clerk (a) upon the effective date of Abbie Stolfus' resignation, and (b) when a new clerk takes office? CONCLUSION i i Marian Karr's status as Deputy City Clerk is not affected by either the resignation of Abbie Stolfus or the appointment of a new City Clerk. DISCUSSION As noted in the earlier memorandum, a deputy generally serves at the pleasure of his/her principal. In that context, the term "deputy" was used in a somewhat formal sense to mean a city officer who serves as the agent of such officer; that is, as a person who serves the officer (the Clerk) and possesses all of the ` powers of the officer. Such position is to be distinguished from that of a person who is, in fact, an "assistant," that is one who merely aids the officer, "transacting part of the duties imposed on such officer by law, or even i performing all of them temporarily in the event of such officer's absence, sickness or other disability, and not acting in an independent character..." i (McQuillen, Sec. 12.32). Assistants are sometimes called deputies, but a true deputy serves only as long as his/her principal. 1 As the job is presently described, the Deputy City Clerk does not serve as an fagent for the City Clerk. Rather, such person is a city employee who works under the direction of the Clerk, and acts with equal authority only in the absence of the City Clerk. In our opinion, the person occupying such position is an assistant to the City Clerk, not a deputy in a formal sense, because such person may not act for and in place of the Clerk on all occasions. Since, in our opinion, the Deputy City Clerk of Iowa City is not an officer, employment of the current deputy, Marian Karr, will not be terminated upon the effective date of Abbie Stolfus' resignation, and she is not subject to replacement by a new Clerk. In any event, since the City Code does not provide for a Deputy City Clerk and describes the duties of such position, we still adhere to our earlier opinion that you should appoint an "Acting City Clerk" to serve in the interim between the Stolfus' resignation and qualification of the new clerk. t b i l/3-4 �Z � Jam..------ __-__ - —..: �•---...�1 MICROFILMED BY -DORM MIC R#L AEi� ---j LCEDAR RAPIDS • DES MOVIES � I � " I TO: FROM: RE: City of Iowa City MEMORANDUM DATE: 28 December 1982 Mayor and Council, lbw Robert W. Jansen, City Attorney and bye Miller, Chief of Police Ronald Evans Appeal On August 20, 1981, Chief Miller demoted Sgt. Ronald Evans from sergeant to patrolman and removed him from command of the Detective Bureau. The demotion was based on incidents which occurred at the Police Department on the night and early morning of July 31 - August 1, 1981. Formal charges were filed alleging intoxication, consumption while off duty, and consumption which was apparent when reporting for duty; conduct unbecoming an officer; -and behavior which destroyed the cooperative spirit of the department, all in violation of the Rules and Regulations of the Iowa City Police Department. Sgt. Evans appealed to the Civil Service Commission and after a hearing, the Commission "modified" the action of the Chief by imposing a demotion for a period of 18 months and further provided that Sgt. Evans could apply to the Commission at the end of that time to show why he should be restored in rank. In addition, the Commission imposed a 30 day suspension without pay and ruled that the removal from command of the Detective Bureau was outside of its jurisdiction. Evans then appealed the Civil Service Commission ruling to the District Court. Trial was held on November 22 and 23. The Court issued its ruling on December 22, a copy of which is attached. In its ruling the Court held that there was insufficient evidence to sustain certain of the allegations but did hold that Sgt. Evans violated the regulations concerning reporting for duty where consumption of alcohol was apparent, acting in a discourteous and objectionable manner to a subordinate, and violating the need for maintaining a high degree of cooperation in the Department. The Court then held that the demotion was an excessive disciplinary measure in light of the circumstances. However, the Court felt that Sgt. Evans should be "appropriately disciplined for this behavior" and ordered that he forfeit 30 days pay at the grade of sergeant and that a written reprimand be placed in his file. He was ordered reinstated to the rank of sergeant with back pay from the date of demotion. lie recommend that the decision not be appealed to the Iowa Supreme Court. We do not believe that the expense of the appeal would justify doing so since the factual determinations by the Court will likely be sustained. The only substantial.issue for the Supreme Court would be whether the District Court, sitting in equity, exceeded its authority when perhaps it is confined to either affirming or overruling the actions of the Chief in toto. It is likely the Supreme Court would hold that the trial court properly exercised its authority. MICRor IEMED BY JDFVMA-MICR46LAB- CEDAR RAPIDS DES MOINES I OV3 a IN THE IOWA DISTRICT COURT IN AND FOP. JOHNSON COUNTY RONALD EVANS, NO. 46882 Appellant,--• VS. CITY OF IOWA CITY, _ HARVEY D. MILLER, Police - Chief, City of Iowa City, ' and NEAL G. BERLING, City Manager, City of Iowa City. FINDINGS OF FACT, CONCLUSIONS OF LAW Appellees. and DECREE On November 22, 1982 the above -captioned matter came on for hearing on the appellant's appeal from a Civil Service Commission Ruling entered on November 22, 1981. The appellant appeared in person with his attorney, C. Peter Hayek; the respondents apoeared by City Attorney Robert W. Jansen. Evidence was presented and the Court took the matter under advisement. The above -captioned matter is presented to the Court as a re- sult of events which transpired at the Iowa City Police Department on July 311'1981. At that time the appellant was a Sergeant in charge of the Detective Bureau. As a result of those events, the appellant was demoted from Sergeant to the rank of Patrol Officer and removed from command responsibility with the Detective Bureau of the Iowa City Police Department on August 20, 1981. The appellant anpealed this decision to the Civil Service Commission and on December 23, 1981 the Civil Service Commission handed down its ruling which modified the demotion by suspendinq the appellant for 30 days without pay, de- moting the appellant from Sergeant to Patrolman for 18 months, with the Commission retaining the authority in its discretion to reinstate him as a Sergeant at the end of that period. The Civil Service Commission did not comment on the removal of the appellant as Chief of Detectives because it was of the opinion that it was without jurisdiction to do so. Thereafter, the appellant filed a Notice of Appeal with this Court on December 16, 1981, appealing the decision of the Iowa City Civil Commission. 'The appellant argues the action of the Chief of Police, �3 WWA MICROFILMED BY- - J0RIVI-_-MICR6CA13_ - CEDAR RAPIDS DES MOINES /• 2 - Harvey D. Miller, was arbitrary and capricious; that it was in violation of the Rules a Regulations Manual of the Iowa City Police Department; and that it. was disproportionate to the actual conduct of the appall- - ant during the evening of July 31, 1981. The sooellant requests that the decision of the Chief of Police, as well as the Civil Service Y Commission, be reversed, and that the appellant be reinstated and com- pensated pursuant to Section 400.27 of the Code of Iowa. FINDINGS OF FACT - _. - ..... The evidence establishes that on July 30, 1991 IOWa-CitP Police , Chief Harvey D. Miller was on vacation and Assistant Chief Kenneth 1 i Stock was Acting Chief. On July 30, 1981 a complaint was received I' by Acting Chief Stock relative to an extortion. On July 30th Detective Linn was working the,3:00 P.M. to 11:00 P.M. shift and was informed by I the Radio Operator that he should handle that case and that Acting Chief I Stock would be supervising the investigation. On the evening of July • I 30th. Officer Linn wrote Acting Chief Stock a note as to what was trans- piring in the extortion case, but did not address a note to Sgt. Evans, his immediate supervisor as Chief of Detectives. Detective Linn testi- ! I Pied that he felt it was Acting Chief Stock's Case and that he was y working under him and that Acting Chief Stock would inform Sgt. Evans. On July 31, 1981 Sgt. Evans worked the day shift and left at �..... approximately 3:00 P.N. to mow his yard. He did mov the yard and - thereafter took a shower, prepared supper for his daughter and at approximately 6:00 P.M. went to dinner with a Mr. and Mrs. Walk. The.' P.. testimony establishes that while at dinner he had one drink shortly after 6:00 P.M. After dinner the appellant and Mr. and Mrs. Walk took a drive through the country and the appellant arrived home at approxi- mately 900 P.M. At that time he mixed a Screwdriver and watched TV. He mixed and drank part of another Screwdriver when he received a f telephone call from Acting Chief Stock between I0a1S P.M. and 10:30 P.M. ' I Y3 MICROFILMED By ICEDAR RAPIDS • DES t4014E6 I / 3 _ Sometime during the day of July 31St, Acting Chief'5tock had received a second call from the complainant at his residence indicat- ing that she had again been contacted by the extortionist. Detective Linn was handling the investigation, and during the evening hours of July 31st Decteetive Linn made an arrest at the home of the complainant j after a scuffle with the alleged extortionist. The alleged extortion- , \/ ist was taken to the Iowa City Police Department, Acting Chief Stock was notified, and between 10:15 and 10:30 P.M. Acting Chief Stock contacted Sgt. Evans at his home. At that time he advised Sgt. Evans that an arrest had been made. Acting Chief Stock testified that it - was Departmental policy to notify the Chief of Detectives when an f arrest had been made and he felt this was a routine informational call and that there was really nothing for Sgt. Evans to do at that point. Acting Chief Stock testified that he never did directly order E Sgt. Evans not to go to the Police Department, but stated words to '.I the effect: "You don't need to go down, it's un to you". The testi- - - i mony reflects that Acting Chief Stock made esssentially this tams iii statement several times and testified if he was told several limes j F - that he didn't have to go he certainly would not go to the Police � I i Station. Sgt. Evans, however, was surprised because this was the first time that he had heard of an investigation relating to an extortionist. He was also upset with Acting Chief stock's telephone call because he i i. had 'never before known the Acting Chief to be involved in an on-going investigation. AS he did not know the nature of the investigation, F he decided to go to the Police Station himself. Sgt. Evans testified 1 that he did not construe Acting Chief Stock's telephone call as an order for him to refrain from going to the Police Department. c Sgt. Evans changed clothes, poured out the remainder of his j second drink and went to the Police Department. Sgt. Evans testified • that his intention was to find out what was going on and to assist, ' i if necessary. He also wanted to make it known to Detective Linn that 1 03 ..ICROEI.... BY ��•,_ `` "- JORM' MICR#LA`_ B 111 LI CEDAR RAPIDS • DES MOINES - 4 - he should have been notified of an investigation. The sequence of events that transpired at the Police station is somewhat.confused as to the exact order. However, the evidence estab- lishes that certain events did take place and that Sgt. Evans was at.the Police Station for approximatelyy an hour to an hour and a half:..; on that date officer Vicki Lalla was working the 3:00 to 11:.00 P.H_ shift and was about to go off duty when she observed the•complain- ant in the extortion case come into the Police Department. She decided to stay, and Detective Linn asked her to guard the suspect who had been placed in Sgt. Evans' office. She was given Officer Linn's gun and she guarded the suspect from outside Sgt. Evans' office. officer Lalla came into contact with Sgt. Evans three times during the course of the evening, consisting totally of approximately five minutes duration. The first contact apparently involved no conversation and Sgt. Evans walked past Officer Lalla. Subsequently Sgt. Evans asked Officer Lalla what.she was doing at the door, and being advised that she was "baby- sitting" a suspect, he replied, "Not anymore" and relieved her of her duties. After returning Officer Linn's gun she had a conversation with the cmplaizdM witness and was again asked by Detective Linn to dxmz a "the suspsct' 3:e.returred'ln the entrance df -Sgt. LVsm'e doot'Rotted. a':Hnul''dmvarsatioe' Oith Sgt. Evans, who apparently asked in an angry voice why she was back at his door and to get out of there. He put his hand on her shoulder to move her aside and stated in essence that he was the sergeant of Detectives, and that if she didn't like it she could go to Ee11. According to officei• Lalla's testimony, Sgt. Evans was merely moving her out of the way and that his hand was out gently on her shoulder. she denied that she had ever told anyone that Sgt. Evans had pushed or shoved her in an offensive way and that she had not been offended by Sgt. Evans' contact with her. She did testify, however, that she was upset because she did not know what she had done to cause Sgt. Evans' anger. She also testified that she was upset because, while she had heard profanity used frequently at the Police Station, it had never been directed toward 113 l , MICROFILMED By I L CEDAR RAPIDS DES 140INES �.. , � I her before. Only Officer Lalla and Sgt. Evans were present during this i conversation. I On.this same evening Capt. Donald Strand was working the 11:00 P.M. to 7:00 A.M. shift. He had come on duty, and because the oncoming shift was shorthanded, he had gone on patrol. He got a radio call to return to the station to see Sgt. Harris in the parking lot. Sqt. Harris told Capt. Strand that Sgt. Evans was at the Police Department. Capt. Strand .. J testified that Sgt. Harris told him that Sgt. Evans was drunk, but Sgt. ` \� Harris denies this. Nevertheless, Capt. Strand went into the Police Department and during the next hour to hour and a half had aeiiral c_an— - versations with Sgt. Evans. The first conversation between Capt. Strand and Sgt Evans occurred in the Booking Room when Capt. Strand asked to ube ihe'booking area. Sgt. Evans said that he would make• arrangements for Capt. Strand i to use the Assistant Chief's office, providing they didn't disturb the office. The second conversation occurred when Sgt. Evans asked Capt. Strand for the keys to the Detective's Office and the Supply Room. Capt. Strand indicated that he did not have the keys. Capt. Strand testified that he did not understand the nature of this conversation. and felt that in both the prior conversations Sgt. Evans was abrasive and cs1kinq down to Capt. Strand. A third conversation occurred in Capt. Strand's office at which Sgt. Evans, Detective Linn and Capt. Strand were present. Sgt. Evans wanted to*know what was going on and a conversation ensued in which Capt. Strand got angry and told Sgt. Evans that he was simply looking - after his own shift and,ae Shift Commander, did not want this matter to - spill over onto the 11:00 to 7:00 shift. A final conversation occurred sometime thereafter which was more amiable. ' I Capt. Strand testified that he could not detect the odor of alcohol on Sgt. Evans' breath, and that he did not manifest symptoms of intoxication. Capt. Strand also testified that the conversations I i • between himself and Sgt. Evans were not.argumentative and Cant. Strand T3 MICROFILRED BY DORM—'MIC F16 AB CEDAR RAPIDS • DES MO14ES ! _ G _ felt that he had avoided any arguments by terminating them ,quickly and r not allowing any arguments to get started. while he did ngl..feer thp't Sgt. Evans was argumentative, he did feel that Sgt. Evans was abrasive toward him. - Sgt. Evans came into contact with Detective Cletus .Keating dur- ing the course of that evening. Detective Keating was a subordinate of Sgt. Evans and was working the 3:00 to 11:00 P.M. shift. Detective - � Keating had arrested an individual not related to the extortion cane - and was in the Booking Room when Sgt. Evans arrived at approximately ' 10:30 Sgt. Evans stated words to the effect: "I at least expected i j a phone call". Detective Keating testified that Sgt. Evans explained i about the extortion case and that he had not known anything about it. i Detective Keating further testified that Sgt. Evans was extremely - i k angry at that time. Sgt. Evans was in and out of the Hooking Boom several timss that evening and Detective Keating testified that he had smelled a strong odor of alcohol on the breath of Sgt. Evans and it was his opinion that Sgt. Evans was under the influence of alcohol; however, during the evening of July 31st, Captain Strand hnd asked Detective Kaat- - 1 i ing if Sgt. Evans was intoxicated and Detective Keating had answered: i "Definitely not". Detective James Linn was on duty on July 31st on the 3:00 to 11:00 P.M. shift and first came into contact with Sqt. Evans in the hallway between the Detective Bureau and Sgt. Evans' office. Detective Linn testified that Sgt. Evans told him he was "PO'd" because he had - f gotten a call. at home and did not know anything about an ongoing in- J j vestigation. He testified that Sgt. Evans was angry at that time and clenching his fiats. He further testified that at that time he did not detect any odor of alcohol, that he tried to defuse the situation r and terminated the conversation as quickly'as possible. Subsequent to that time Sgt. Evans again had a conversation with Detecive Linn in Detective Linn's office. That time they were alone and the conversation started out calmly, but increased in volume, i \ MICROFI ', BY ' L....-JORM--'_MICFW#LA9. �t CEDAR RAPIDS • DES Ig01HE5 % I -7- although it never did reach the point of yelling. Again. Detective Linn testifled that he tried to placate Sgt, Evans and terminated the conversation. A third meetizag took place involving Capt- Strand, Detective Linn and Sgt. Evans which has previously 3ceem related- MGtftc d.19f Linn testified that in the office he did observe an oflar of alcchol,' and in his opinion Sgt_ Evans was intoxicated. Detective Linn also _ testified this was the first case in his Inowledge where Acting thief Stock had become involved in an active investigation, and, £urt3mr, that it was Sgt. Evans' policy that he be inforned about a1L active, on-going cases. Sgt. David Hazris testified that on July 31st hem was working a 3:00 to 11:00 P.M. shift as Shift Comamtdem:. Them evidence! relates, however, that Sgt, ilarzis did not observe anything that occ=rerd at MI Police Station that evening. He testified t1mat he did follow OtfLesr Lalla to her home upon the completion of ler shift because he felt sh.e was upset- After talking with Officer Lalla at her home be did call Capt. Strand at the Police Department. Atter these respective conversations, Sgt- Evans left the Police Department between 1:00 and 1130 A.M. After Police Chief Harvey MiLler returmsed from vacation he received a Memorandum From Acting Chief Stoc3c relaecives to this in- cadent- Chief Miller allowed the principals involved to sulmmit state— ments to tmim and talked personally to Offlcem: 1.01113 oe the telephone re- garding -the incident, and also to Capt. S tramtd in person_ Biased srpaa the information he received he made the decizicros to demote Sgt. Evans from Sergeant to Patrol officer, end termtinsts ]his responsilmility as , a Command Officer, This decision was get forth in wrdtiag in tire 2ltmet- andann previously mentioned, The demotion was premised upon violations of threo seetioms of the Rules a Regulations of the Iowa City Po11ce Departeeat. It vas stated that Sgt. Evans violated Sections 3-12 amsd 3.13. Theses tvo MICROfILMID BY JORM_"M7C R+LA6'� f CEDAR RAP IDS DES MOIRES i Ire3 sections relate to consumption of intoxicants and'state; essentially that a member of the Police Department should not report to duty when intoxi- cared, impaired because of the use of alcohol, or when consumption of alcohol would be apparent. - Additionally, the demotion order was premised upon a violation of Section 2.2 which prohibits words or behavior which is unbecoming -- a police officer. This violation is based upon three specific acts: (a) engaging Capt. Strand in an ongoing argument, (b) violating Assistant Chief Stock's direct verbal order not to report to the Police Department; and (c) acting in a discourteous and objectionable way towards Officer Lalla by shouting at her, expressing anger, using profanity and physically shoving her. The 'demotion order was also premised on a violation of Section 2.4 which states that a police officer shall act in a cooperative manner with other members of the Department to establish and maintain a high spirit of cooperation within the Department. Chief Miller also stated in the demotion order that Sgt. Evans had previously been verbally warned in September of 1980 and January of 1981 relative to displays of temper, indulgence of alcoholic beverages and lack of cooperativeness. The evidence relating to the violations of the respective sections has been previously set forth. The evidence relative to prior warnings establishes that Sgt. Evans has worked for the Iowa City Police Department for 16 and a half years. His Personnel File contains various commendations, but there is no written reprimand of any kind in that file. The evidence relating to verbal warning of prior displays of temper, indulgence in alcoholic beverages and lack of cooperativeness is based upon several incidents testified to by Chief Miller. These relate to a murder investigation in 1978 or 1979 when, after a lengthy murder investigation Sgt. Evans got angry when it was suggested that a combined task Force be created to investigate the mur- dur. Also, in 1980 Chief Miller received a complaint from a Dispatcher that Sgt. Evens had displayed anger on the telephone and demanded to i MICROFILMED BY _ I_ l` -JORM "-MICR#L'"A6 CEDAR RAPIDS • DES MOINES 0Y -J know where two police officers under his command were located. The evidence relating to indulgence in alcoholic beverages relates to an un- specified complaint made by someone to Chief Miller about Sqt. Evans' use of alcoholic beverages. Chief Miller testified that he had no first- hand knowledge relative to this, and that at the time it was posed to Sgt. Evans, he denied any over -indulgence in alcohol. Chief Miller further testified that periodically Sgt. Evans will lose his temper. He testified that he considered these earlier conversations as verbal warnings_ On tbis issue, Sgt. Evans testified that while it is true that he has, on occasion, become upset, he has never failed to follow an order given to him by his superiors. He testified that while he did have conversations with Chief Miller he was never informed by Chief Miller that his conduct was inappropriate or that he was wgsned-that if he did not make changes i.n•his behavior he would be disciplined: - Conclusion of Law - 1. Section 400.27 of The Code controls review ot.'aceans by the Civil Service Commission. The District Court shall have juris- diction of the appeal, and said appeal shall be tried do novo as an equitable action in the District Court. In the event the ruling or decision appealed from is reversed by the District Court, the appellant, if it be an employee, shall then be reinstated as of the date of the said suspension, demotion or discharge and shall be entitled to compen- nation, demotion or discharge and shall be entitled to compensation from the date of such suspension, demotion or discharge. . 2. As the appeal is tried de movo in equity, the Court has full authority to hear the evidence and make its own independent determination of the appropriateness of the action taken by the Civil Service Commission, Seel Buda v. Fulton, 157 HW2nd 336 (Iowa, 1969). 3. The purpose of Civil Service statutes and police department rules for regulating the discipline of policemen for misconduct, and misconduct unbecoming police officers is not only for the punishment i i � V n fl.3 MICROFILMED BY -MICR4LA9'- L CEDAR RAPIDS • DES M014ES 2 S i . 10 of the officer, but also for the protection of the public. 'The pub- lic has a right to have for peace officers men of character, sobriety, I_ judgment and discretion_ It has been aptly and succinctly stated that a police officer is a special kind of public officer; his primary duty is to enforce and uphold the laws; he is constantly called upon to exercise tact, restraint and good judgment in relationship to the nub- --- i lic; he represents law and order to the citizenry; and must present r J the image of personal integrity and dependability in order to have �... .. ..__.. __......_.. � the respect of the public. By the very nature of his employment, a police officer js in the eyes of the public and for the good of his department must exercise sound judgment and realize his responsibility I i to the department and the public at all times. See: killsap v. Cedar I II Rapids Civil Service Commission, 299 NW2nd 679 (Iowa, 1977),.- DECREE :1 - INTOXICATION The Police Manual, relative to intoxicants, appears to. envision three separate categories regarding consumption of alcohol. The first and most •severe is intoxication while on duty. The second standard is - i consumption of alcohol to such an extent that the ability to perform the ,. .. duties of a police officer is impared. The final standard is consumption of alcohol which would be apparent when a police officer is reporting for duty. .. F The evidence in this case establishes that the appellant had !i one mixed drink between 610O P.M. and 9:30 P.M. and that he had a second and a portion of a third drink between 9:30 P.M. and 10:30 P.M. The I ., witnesses who testified had various opinions relative to the state of sobriety of the appellant, however, those witnesses who testified that I t the Sgt. Evans was intoxicated premised their opinion solely on the odor ' of alcohol and the demeanor of the appellant, This Court cannot conclude, i based upon the evidence presented, that the appellant was intoxicated on 113 1 HICROFIEMED BY - `- - - JO RIVI"-MIC R#LAB'- CEDAR RAPIDS - DES MOINES / r , r r H W the evening of July 31, 1981, nor can the Court conclude, based upon the evidence presented,. that the appellant's ability to perform the duties of a police officer were impaired by alcohol. While the evidence estab- lishes that the appellant was extremely angry, the evidence does not establish that this anger was precipitated by the consumption of alcohol. The evidence does establish, however, that the consumption of alcohol was apparent to those at the Police Station. The majority of the Police Officers who came in contact with the appellant did notice the odor of alcohol on Sgt: Parks' breath. The Court concludes that the appellant violated Section .3-12 of the Police manual by reporting for duty where the evidence of alcohol consumption was apparent. For the reasons set forth above, the Court finds that the appellant did not violate Section"'. 3-13 of the Police Manual. CONDUCT UNBECOMING AN OFFICER The demotion memorandum alleges that the appellant -violated • U Section 2-2 of the Police Manual by engaging in conduct uribecofaing an officer in three specific respects. The first reason cited is that Sgt. Evans engaged in a on-going argument with Capt. Strand during the course of the evening. The evidence presented in this record does not establish that such an on- going argument took place. There is no evidence that this occurred, and, in fact, Capt. Strand himself denied that such behavior took place. Based upon the evidence presented, the Court must conclude that this basis for a violation of Section 2-2 is without factual support. .� Secondly, it is alleged that Sgt. Evans engaged in conduct un- becoming an officer by violating Assistant Chief Stock's direct verbal order not to report to the Police Station on July 31, 1981. The evidence as presented by Assistant Chief Stock indicated at most that he advised the appellant that he need not go to the Police Station and that the ultimate decision was up to Sgt. Evans. To this Court, a direct verbal order implies*a much clearer directive to a subordinate than was provided in this case. No evidence was presented to indicate that such a clear J NICAOFILMED BY I JORM-MIC R+L'AB_- CEDAR RAPIDS DES MOIRES y3 T n - . - 12 _ directive was given to Sgt. Evans, and, in fact, no reason was supplied why Assistant Chief Stock would directly order Sgt.'Evens riot to go to the Police Department on that date. The Court must conclude that on the basis of the evidence presented, Sgt. Evans did not violate a direct i order of Assistant Chief Stock. f Finally, it is alleged that Sgt. Evans engaged in conduct un- becoming an officer by acting in a discourteous and objectional manner to Officer Lalla by shouting and expressing anger at her, using profanity and physically 'shoving her. The testimony provided by Officer Lalla estab- lishes that she was not physically shoved. She did not find the conduct of the appellant in that regard to be offensive to her, nor was she up- set by that fact. The evidence establishes that she was upset because Sgt. Evans was obviously angry and she was unaware of a'reascn why he should be angry with her. The evidence does establish that Sgt. Evans expressed extreme anger to Officer Leila, which may well have incl dad shouting at her and using the word "Ba2l% The evidence establishes' that Officer La11a was not a subordinate of Sgt Evans and had no immediate knowledge relative to the investigation that was concerning Sgt. Evans. His conduct toward her was discourteous and objectionable through an in- E appropriate expression of anger. The Court finds that Sgt. Evans vio- lated Section I-2 of the Police Manual by acting in A discourteous and objectionable manner to officer Lalla b expressing sn �c;�, Y xP 4 4 -3q hir without justification. DESTROYING TEE COOPERATIVE SPIRIT OF THE DEPARTIMM The final allegation of misconduct is that SM..EvaffOi, through his angry, argumentative behavior destroyed the cooperative spirit de- manded in the .Police Department. By definition, this Section of the Manual is obviously subjective. On the evening in question, a subordin- ate of Sgt. Evans ':had made a complete investigation and subsequent arrest . in a felony extortion case without Sgt Evans ever being advised that the investigation'was taking police. The Police Manual (Section vII [BI) +f{ I 4 � I•IICR011 LVED BY �? JORM-_"MICR#lL 46" CEDAR RAPIDS DES M014ES 0a1 i 'r i r , , states that a command officer has responsibility and accountability for every aspect of his command. Additionally, Section VII(H)(l) states that "Each employee must be aware of his relative position in the organi- zation, to whom he is immediately responsible, and those persons who are accountable to him. Employees should strive at all times -lo operate within the chain of command and to keep their supervisors:•'iMdrmed -as to their activities." At the time of this incident, Sgt. Evans was the.:Chief.o£ .Detec- tives charged with the responsibility and accountability o!'his"subordin- ates. It would not be unreasonable for someone in Sgt. Evans' position to make reasonable inquiries as to why he was not informed of an on-going investigation. The ultimate question becomes the'ressonableness of that inquiry. Sgt. Evans testified that he went to the Police Department to be of assistance if needed and to make those inquiries. The evidence does establish, however, that once at the station Sgt. Evans' anger over- came his better judgment. The evidence is abundantly clear that Sgt: Evans was"very angry while at the Police Station. He was indiscriminate in vocalizing that anger, and rather than make inquiries relative to his lack of notification and being of assistance, Sgt. Evans vented his anger at those at the Police Department without accomplishing anything of significant value. While Sgt. Evans had the richt to go to the Police Department as Chief of Detectives, and while he had the right to make inquiries relative to his lack of notification, the method he utilized would not be conducive to maintaining a -high spirit of cooperation with-. in the Police Department. For these reasons, the Court finds that Sgt. Evans violated Section 2-4 of the Police Manual. - -IV - PRIOR WARNINGS - The demotion was premised upon the fact that Sgt. Evans had previously been warned in September of 1980 and again in January of 1981 relative to displays of temper, indulgence in alcoholic beverages and lack of coopstativeness. The.evidace presented"eStabl shm'that'Sgt. Evans. MICROFILMED BY _ ) -.l"..- JORM-- MICR+UAB' CEDAR RAPIDS DES M014ES 4/3 i J 14 was never Presented with a written warning, nor a reprimand placed in • his file. The Court concludes that a verbal warning must be something more than a conversation between a superior and his subordinate. There must be a clear directive Provided to the subordinate that certain con duct is unacceptable and that* -it, = further these faults must be corrected disciplinary action would follow. There is very little, if any, support in the -recdrd that at some prior time Sgt. Evans lacked cooperativeness. The . -- onLy . incident relative to Indulgence in alcoholic beverages related to an-WiiPecified ivine of which Chief Miller had no direct knowledge, and which Sgt. Evans. denied. The displays of temper related to a lengthy and ongoing murder Investigation, as wall As a telephone call to a Radio Dispatcher during which Sgt. Evans expressed anger about the location of his direct sub- ordinates. The Court cannot conclude, based upon this record, that Sgt. Evans had been verbally warned previously within the usual meaning of that term. In suarmary, the Court Concludes that on the evening of July 31, 1981 Sgt. Evans was not -intoxicated Or impaired, although it was apparent that he had consumed some alcohol. The evidence d6es not esiib- • lish that Sgt. Evans engaged a superior officer in an ongoing argument, nor does the evidence establish that Sgt. Evans violated a direct order given to him by Assistant Chief Stock, nor does the evidence establish that Sgt. Evans physically shaved Officer Lalla. The evidence does establish ish that Sgt. Evans became very angry because he had not been notified of an ongoing Investigation, and that as a result he exercised very poor Judgment in going to the Police Station at that time. in ex- pressing his anger, he was discourteous to fellow members of the Police Department and did not accomplish his intended goals. The Court finally finds that Sgt. Evans had never been previously warned of die - plays of temper, indulgence in alcohol or lack of cooperativeness as that term would ordinarily be defined. M1111111011 11 U0RM*_M7CR+ CEDAR RAPIDS • DES M e r 1; - The ultimate question for this Court is to determine the appropriateness of the disciplinary action in light of this record. In making that determination, this Court considers the fact that Sgt. Evans has been employed as a police officer for sixteen and a half years. Sgt. Evans' Personnel File reveals that he has had no prior disciplinary actions and has had numerous commendations. The Court also considers that Sgt. Evans' conduct on July 31, 1981 was rude to his fellow officers and unprofessional because of his uncontrolled anger. She cdrQrt,•also considers the fact that Sgt. Evans' display of anger oecucre(KM A time of the evening when the general public was not present ai the station, and his outbursts of anger occurred largely outside ..a* hear- ing of the general public, with one possible exception. For all practical purposes, Sgt. Evans' display of anger was directed toward - fellow officers and was an internal matter. The Court considers the , fact that Sgt. Evans did not violate any statutes of the State of Iowa, nor.did he violate any municipal ordinance. The Court finally considers the fact that this was a single incident over a fairly brief period of time, which had no long tern repercussions in terms of overall effective- ness of the functioning of the Iowa City Police Department. The Court feels that Sgt. Evans should be appropriately disciplined for this be- havior, however, the Court can reach no other conclusion than that the disciplinary measures imposed were excessive in light of this single instance. wREREF03RE, pursuant to Section 600.27 of the Iowa Coda, the Court'enters the following orders: 1. The appellant is reinstated to the rank of Sergeant as of the date of the demotion. :. This Court is of the opinion that it does not have the jurisdiction to make a determination of administrative duties within the rank of Sergeant, and therefore does not have the jurisdiction to make a determination as to what duties Sgt. Evans shall perform within MICROFILMED BY JORM--MICR46 A13_ CEDAR RAPIDS • DES MOMES i Mr.� the rank of Sergeant. )♦ 2, The appellant shall be entitled to compensation at the rank of Sergeant from the date of demotion. 3. The appellant shall forfeit 30 days pay in lieu of sus- penion without pay; said forfeiture shall be determined at the pay grade of Sergeant in effect at the time of the demotion. 4. A written reprimand shall be placed in the appellant's permanent Personnel File. S. The costs of this action are assessed one-half against the appellant and one-half against the appellee. Clerk to notify. PAUL J. KWVURG JUDGE. OF. THE DISTRICT COURT. SIXTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT OF IOWA l to =� M Nom. • _ COPIES MAILED TO COUNSEL OF RECORD MICROFILMED BY]_J0RM_M1CR#CA8__ . ^1 CEDARRAPIDS DES MOI i vs City of Iowa Cit ' MEMORANDUM Date: December 29, 1982 To: Mayor and City Council From: Robert W_ Jansen, City Attorney Re: Airport Commission Vacancy At the informal session on December 21, the Council discussed the upcoming Airport Commission vacancy and the City Code provision that a member cannot be reappointed. You directed that the Code be amended to provide for reappointment to the Commission. We discovered that this had already been done. You enacted Ordinance No. 82-3056 on April 13, 1982, which permits reappointment for one full—term in those cases where a Commissioner was appointed to fill an unexpired term which has three years or less remaining. A copy of the ordinance is attached for your information. tp3/3 cc: Marian Karr Y i ORDINANCE N0. 82-3056 ORDINANCE AMENDING SECTION 4-17 OF CHAPTER 4 OF THE AIRPORT ORDINANCE OF THE CODE OF ORDINANCES OF IOWA CITY, IOWA. SECTION I. PURPOSE. The purpose of this amendment is to permit A rport Commissioners who are originally appointed to fill vacancies for unexpired teen on the Airport Commission to be re- appointed for a full six year term if three years or less remain in the unexpired term to which the Colmissioner was originally appointed. J SECTION II. AMENDMENT. Section 4-17 is hereby amended by adding thereto the following: r Provided, however, that a Caimmissioner originally appointed to fill an unexpired term with three years or lass remaining may be re- appointed! to one full six year term. 3[ SECTION III. REPEALER. All ordinances and parts of ordinances in conflict with the provision of this ordinance are hereby repealed. SECTION IV. SEVERABILITY. If any section, provision or part o the Ordinance shall be adjudged to be invalid or unconstitutional, such ajudication shall not affect the validity of the Ordinance as a whole or any section, provision or part thereof not adjudged invalid or unconsti- tutional. SECTION V. EFFECTIVE DATE. This Ordinance shall i. a n effect after s nal passage, approval and publication as required by law. ' Passed and approved this 13th day of April, 1982. j t 6 �n � ; ATTEST: r i Received a Ap Tins By Ing ayai D. -cn! 9 .z I --- ---_--- _.__._. i I4ICROFILMED BY JORM'-MICR#LAB" - 1 LCEDAR RAPIDS • DES M014ES I �1 City of Iowa Cit, MEMORANDUM = Date: December 27, 1982 To: Neal Berlin, City Manager From: Rosemary Vitosh, Director of Finance 1 Re: Design Review Committee's Recommendations on Industrial Revenue Bonds The Council first takes action on an Industrial Revenue Bond (IRB) application by approving a Memorandum of Agreement and setting a public hearing on the bond issue. The public hearing is set, at a minimum, four weeks in the future. Following the public hearing, the Council considers approval of a resolution directing staff to proceed with the issuance of the bonds. Shortly before the bond sale closing date, the Council approves the final resolution which authorizes the issuance of the bonds. The Design Review Committee's recommendations on an IRB project should be taken into consideration by the Council prior to taking formal action on the resolution to proceed with the issuance of the { bonds for that project. In this way, the Council can designate what changes in design, if any, need to be made prior to the City's approval of the bond issue. The Memorandum of Agreement indicates that the City agrees to consider the issuance of bonds for the f, project, but is not as binding as the resolution which authorizes proceeding with the bond issue. s In the past, the project was not necessarily reviewed by the Design Review Committee prior to the Council's consideration of the Memorandum of Agreement for the project. This brought the application to the Council much sooner but did not allow for much time to correct any design problems prior to the Council's approval to proceed with the bond issue. Although this caused no problems on past issues, the timetable recently instituted for IRB application processing includes a review by the Design Review Committee prior to the Council's consideration of the Memorandum of Agreement. This will allow the Council to delay action on the Memorandum of Agreement if significant design review problems exist. It will also provide for a full four weeks to resolve any design questions prior to the public hearing and the next scheduled resolution on the bond issue. It is highly desirable to have all design questions resolved shortly after the approval of the Memorandum of Agreement since the contractor may start incurring costs to be paid out of the bond issue after the Memorandum of Agreement has been approved. Therefore, actual construction can start at that time. On the Iowa State Bank & Trust project, if the Council feels that any design problems exist, it should direct staff to work with the bank to resolve these problems as soon as possible. In this situation there is still time to make changes in the design prior to the start of construction. MICROFILMED BY ` JORPA -MICRI CAM - ' 1 CEDAR RAPIDS • DES M014ES I ' ,J Y City of Iowa Cit, MEN40R ANTU M Date: December 29, 1982 To: Members of the City Council Committee on Community Needs Housing Co sion Commission Plannin an ning From: -Don Schme' er rector of Planning & Program Development Re: Housing Mar et Analysis The attached Housing Market Analysis is being distributed for your information. This study was originally undertaken to provide some basic housing data for the Community Development Block Grathe Iowa citnt (CDBG) PrograHOusi m, and for use by the committee on later expanded to provide documentatNeeds and i n Commission. The study wasfor the Comprehensive Plan Land Use Update. The sis ere athered in the first quarteraof 1982, and dofor this inot inarket clude housingwco structed, converted or demolished after January 1982. In gene urbral anized area (Iowa on �Citysti 9 housing is given for. the °wa cAtHousing demand projections (and Coralville and University population projections) are, however, made for Iowa city alone. ves of section on Plan.Some expands recommendations san meeting �the housing demands in Iowa City are made, and a number of issues which require further study and discussion are raised. bc2/l ^- MICROFILMED BY JORM--MIC R+LAO- i CEDAR RAPIDS • DES MD IN7 y� I F 198210\ HOU6M ANALYN r L KE T .IOHM MICROLAI3 HOUSING MARKET ANALYSIS IOWA CITY, IOWA September 1982 Department of Planning and Program Developinen Doug Hillstrom. Project Planner Marianne Milkman, Planner MICROFILMED BY I CEDAR RAPIDS DES MOINES I i J j i � I U I J C� IJ } I I Ll A 1•�1 I f 1-y p wI + L i HOUSING MARKET ANALYSIS IOWA CITY, IOWA September 1982 Department of Planning and Program Developinen Doug Hillstrom. Project Planner Marianne Milkman, Planner MICROFILMED BY I CEDAR RAPIDS DES MOINES I CONTENTS 1. i 1 2. INCREASES IN THE SUPPLY OF HOUSING 1970-1982 ! .I I� �I CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. 1 2. INCREASES IN THE SUPPLY OF HOUSING 1970-1982 a. Summary and Conclusions b. , Total Housing Units „ " " '' " .. ' • . " 2 3 C. Increase in Supply 1970-1982; ' ' • ' 4 d. University Housing 5 e. Location of New Rental Unit; in Iowa City ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; 6 f. Restriction of Supply , , , , , , , , , . • . g. Historic Preservation , , , , , , , , , , . . . . .. . ; ; ; 8 3. DEMAND FOR HOUSING AND CHANGES IN POPULATION DEMOGRAPHICS 1970-1980 a. Summary and Conclusions , , , , , , , ' ' 9 b . Housing Demand 1970 -19 8 0 ' ' ' ' ' ' ' • ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' • ' 10 C. Changes in Demographics, • • • • • ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' . 11 d. Demographics and Outmigration , ' . • • • 12 e. The Demographics of Outmigration ; ; ; ' ' ' ' ............. ' 13 4. THE CURRENT HOUSING SITUATION a. Summary and Conclusions, . . . , , , , , . 14 b. . . . . Overall Vacancy Rate . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . 15 c. � Vacancies by Distance. . . . . . . .. .. . . . . .. . 16 d. Vacancy Rate by Complex Size , , ,, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 17 e. Vacancies by Bedroom Class . . . .. . .. .. . . . . , 18 f. Vacancy Rate by Rent . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . .. . . . .. . 19 g. Mean Rent ... . .. . . . . . . . . .. .. .. 20 h. Rents by Distance . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 21 i. 1975 Rental Housing Survey . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 22 j. Methodology ... . .. . . . . . . . . .. .. . . .. . .. . . .. . 23 5. FUTURE DEMAND a. Summary and Conclusions . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. ' ' 25 b. Factors Affecting Future Demand, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , . ' ' 26 C. Housing Demand Projections , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 29 d. Vacant Land for Housing . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . ... .. . . 32 6. HOUSING POLICIES a. Summary and Conclusions... 33 b. . Meeting the Demand for Housing Close to*the'Central•Business District. 34 c. Housing Affordability/Meeting the Needs of Households aged 25-34 , 36 d. Housing ,Needs of the Elderly . .. .. .. . 37 e. Preservation.of the Existing Rental Housing Stock.. . . . . .. . 38 7. APPENDIX a. Iowa City Housing Estimates . .. .. . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . 39 b. . Coralville Housing Estimates . . . . .. ... . . . . . . ' ' 42 c. University Heights Housing Estimates . , , .. 44 d. , , . Place of Residence of University of Iowa Students, . . 45 e. .. . . Ownership of Rental Properties with 8 or More Units 1975-81, . . 46 f. "Survey on Multi -family Housing Needs" Questionnaire . . , , , . . , . 48 g. Summary of Developer Survey Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 51 h. i. Housing Vacancy Questionnaire . Dwelling Unit Capacity and Developability of Existing Vacant . . , , . 54 55 Land Zoned R3, R3A and R3B 1 1 MICROFILMED BY JORM-MICR46LO: B" CEDAR RAPIDS • DES M0114ES 946 1 INTRODUCTION r7 141CROFILMED BY �...� �. L I DORMDEMOAB- LEDAR RAPIDS • DES S MOINES ES Every autumn as thousands of University students return to school, stories about the "housing shortage" fill the newspapers. There are stories about the high cost of housing in Iowa City, and about students living in the hallways of _ dormitories or in tents. Outrage about the situation is expressed. Calls are sounded to do something about the housing shortage. But, after a few weeks the — housing "crisis" abates, the urgent voices are diminished, and the housing --_--. .- ---... crisis is forgotten until next year. This study can validly claim to be the first comprehensive look at the Iowa City y housing market. The study seeks to answer questions which are asked every year but never seem to get answered, such as - does Iowa City really have a housing shortage or is the crisis only a seasonal phenomenon? What is the vacancy rate - ' for rental housing? Has growth in the supply of housing kept up with increases j in Iowa City population over the past few years? What impediments (land availability, zoning, etc.) restrict the number of housing units which ; f developers might like to build? What policies can the City of Iowa City adopt to increase the availability of housing and slow the escalation of housing prices? 1 { i j This report attempts to answer some of these questions using the available data. i The first five sections of the report summarize data on demographics and housing j supply and demand. Most of the local data was gathered during the first quarter of 1982. For each section the "Summary & Conclusions" provide a quick overview 1 of the principle elements detailed in that section. These five sections together should present a fairly accurate picture of the Iowa City Housing market. t „ti i ,.c This report was originally undertaken to provide housing data for the Community i Development Block Grant (COBG) program and for use by the Committee on Community Needs and the Iowa City Housing Commission. It was later expanded to provide documentation for the Comprehensive Plan Land Use Update. The information presented in this report raises a number of issues related to h " housing. Some of these issues, such as policies the City might adopt to increase housing availability and hold down the price of housing are addressed 6 in the section on "Housing Policies." Other issues, such as the housing preferences of different population groups, require further study. Overall, this report is intended to provide basic housing data, make some recommendations on housing policies, and, directly and indirectly, suggest housing issues which t might be studied further. r r• c w. y I r7 141CROFILMED BY �...� �. L I DORMDEMOAB- LEDAR RAPIDS • DES S MOINES ES r, INCREASES IN THE, SUPPLY OF HOUSING. 1970-1982 I141CROFILMED BY l JoFWM.-MICR$CA9- CEDAR RAPIDS • DES MOIRES T i I� J n w. (i I� 01 • 1rj1[' Y O s°t I•I L! r, INCREASES IN THE, SUPPLY OF HOUSING. 1970-1982 I141CROFILMED BY l JoFWM.-MICR$CA9- CEDAR RAPIDS • DES MOIRES T J l ti I 2 Summary and Conclusions -The number of housing units available for rent increased by about 33% during the past dozen years while population increased only 11.8 percent. Despite the large increase in the number of housing units, the vacancy rate (discussed in another section of this report) remains quite low. -The University of Iowa made little effort to provide for the increased housing needs of students during the last decade. The number of students living off campus increased from 8,989 in 1970 to 14,701 in 1982, a 45.8% increase. The housing needs of the students were met to a large extent by Iowa City and Coralville housing developers. -Most of the rental units (68%) constructed in Iowa City from 1970 to 1982 were built within one mile of Old Capitol. One firm constructed 31% of all new units and 45% of the units built within a mile of Old Capitol. -According to response to a developer/contractor survey distributed by the planning department, high interest rates are most responsible for impeding the Provision of more multi -family rental units. Other factors mentioned by developers as slowing the provision of rental units, in order of importance, are: lack of demand and/or profit in multi -family housing, unwieldy local regulations, land zoned for multi -family housing not in appropriate locations, insufficient land for multifamily housing, projected declines in University enrollments, and insufficient city sewer capacity. -Although historic preservation could potentially restrict the supply of rental housing units, the number of housing units "lost" would probably not be large. The loss would have to be weighed against the benefits of p^eserving historic structures and neighborhoods. i 4 I� M �f Y y: I,1 i V ` I I I 2 Summary and Conclusions -The number of housing units available for rent increased by about 33% during the past dozen years while population increased only 11.8 percent. Despite the large increase in the number of housing units, the vacancy rate (discussed in another section of this report) remains quite low. -The University of Iowa made little effort to provide for the increased housing needs of students during the last decade. The number of students living off campus increased from 8,989 in 1970 to 14,701 in 1982, a 45.8% increase. The housing needs of the students were met to a large extent by Iowa City and Coralville housing developers. -Most of the rental units (68%) constructed in Iowa City from 1970 to 1982 were built within one mile of Old Capitol. One firm constructed 31% of all new units and 45% of the units built within a mile of Old Capitol. -According to response to a developer/contractor survey distributed by the planning department, high interest rates are most responsible for impeding the Provision of more multi -family rental units. Other factors mentioned by developers as slowing the provision of rental units, in order of importance, are: lack of demand and/or profit in multi -family housing, unwieldy local regulations, land zoned for multi -family housing not in appropriate locations, insufficient land for multifamily housing, projected declines in University enrollments, and insufficient city sewer capacity. -Although historic preservation could potentially restrict the supply of rental housing units, the number of housing units "lost" would probably not be large. The loss would have to be weighed against the benefits of p^eserving historic structures and neighborhoods. 'r 3 chbetweees i n1the i The table below illustrates andplY 19801 City area i housing in the Iowa the number of apartments UNITS 1 a 9 lYl 6� 309 census data. 10, 081 Total Housing Units* 33.1 ; 1970 1982 X Shan e Owneried 6,634 8,042 21.2 Single family homes 260 543 108.8 Condominiums 429 618 44.1 Duplex units 674 _14-26-487.5 1 1 'ice 3 Renter�1ed Single-family Duplex Multi-familY Mobile home Total renter occupied AL HOUSING UNITS 1,379• chbetweees i n1the TOTAL HOUSING The table below illustrates andplY 19801 City area 1+512 housing in the Iowa the number of apartments UNITS The 1982 figures estimate believed to be in existence in January 1982. the benefit of 1980 34.4 Estimates were made without 309 census data. 10, 081 Total Housing Units* 33.1 ; 1970 1982 X Shan e Owneried 6,634 8,042 21.2 Single family homes 260 543 108.8 Condominiums 429 618 44.1 Duplex units 674 _14-26-487.5 Mobile homes7 997 10,467 30.9 Total owner- occupied Renter�1ed Single-family Duplex Multi-familY Mobile home Total renter occupied AL HOUSING UNITS 1,379• 2,238 62.3 1,516 1+512 0.0 I 7,113 9,562 34.4 73 309 49.3 j 10, 081 13.421 33.1 ; 18,078 23,888 32.1 TOT Coralville and *Total housing units is the sum of all units in Iowa compute these figures and specific University Heights. The methodology used to comp appendix. data for each of the three cities can be found in its, 203 were subsidized Note: Of the new multifamily, renter-occupiedo ulation. units only available to some sections of the pop MT CROF ILMEO BY ^I I DORM-MICR�C AEI' j CEDAR RAPIDS • DES MOINES 'c 4 INCREASE IN Cursory analysis of the Total Housing Units table (preceding page) offers the following "insights": SUPPLY -The percentage increase in single family owner - occupied homes (21.2%) was smaller than for any other type of housing. However, the total number of units increased substantially, by 2,267 homes. -The number of condominiums, owner -occupied duplex units, and mobile homes increased at a greater rate than the housing stock as a whole. Housing costs and smaller family size probably were the most important factors responsible for this phenomenon. -During the 12 year period, the number of single family rental structures increased dramatically. The reasons for the increase in single family rental structures is unclear, but demand for rental housing, the high cost of owning a home, and the preference of families for newer homes might all have contributed to the conversion of older, single family homes from owner .to renter occupancy. -The total number of rental duplex units has actually decreased since 1970 due to the large number of units demolished by the University of Iowa. -The rate of increase in the number of multi -family rental units was about the same as the rate of increase in the housing stock as a whole.. If one looks at the absolute and percentage increases in the housing stock, the performance of the housing market seems very impressive. In less than 12 years the housing stock grew by almost one-third! One would think that such a large increase in the housing stock would have satisfied the needs of the population, especially since the number of persons in the urbanized area increased by only 11.8% in the past dozen years. Yet as is demonstrated elsewhere in this report, the vacancy rate for rental housing remains quite low. rte- MICROFILMED BY -DORM"MIC RIL l►B'" CEDAR RAPIDS - DES'MO II 4'6 I r-. 5 UNIVERS17Y During the 1950s and 1960s, the University of Iowa HOUSING substantially increased the University -owned housing stock in order to meet the needs of its students and to provide housing for new students who were expected to swell in numbers. In the late 60s and early 70s this policy changed. University officials were concerned that enrollments would stabilize and that students would no longer find university housing attractive. Some university. administrators even believed that the bonds which financed university housing might be in jeopardy if enough students chose to live in privately -owned housing after the parietal rule requiring underclassmen to live in dormitories was dropped. Concerns about enrollment and the attractiveness of university housing led to a halt in the construction of new university -owned housing units by the late 60s. During the 70s the number of students living in University—owned housing increased by only 3.5X, from 6,341 to 6,562. During the same ten year period the number of university students living off campus in privately—owned housing increased from 8,989 to 14,701, a 63% jump. Thus, almost all of the increased student population in the 70s was housed by the private sector. The university made almost no effort to provide housing for its students. j MICROFILMED BY —l— JOAM'"MIC RfJ"CAB- CEDAR RAPIDS DES 110INE5 414 ' 6 LOCATION OF To find out where new apartments have been NEW RENTAL UNITS constructed during the past several years, building permits for the period 1975-81 were examined. The IN IOWA CITY address and the number of units constructed at the address were recorded. Courthouse records were examined to determine the owner of the units and the company which constructed the units. No apartments constructed from 1970 to 1974 were included in the survey since building permit information for this period was not available. Analysis of the data revealed that: -A total of 1,009 units were constructed from 1975 through 1981. Of these units, 774 (77% of the total) are privately owned while 235 (23X) are public housing or otherwise subsidized by some sort of government housing program. -Sixty-eight percent (68X) of the rental units constructed during the period are located less than one mile from Iowa City's Old Capitol. The demand seems to be for apartments close to the University and University Hospitals. Developers have obliged by constructing units in these desirable locations. -Although no single firm constructed a majority of the units, one firm built and owns 237 (31X) of the privately -owned units. This firm constructed 45% of the units built within a mile of Old Capitol. The second most active owner/developer owns six percent of the units. Thus, the market has consisted of one large owner/developer and a large number of much smaller concerns. - MICROFILMED BY L —� " ' JORM-"'.M IC Rl�LA CEDAR RAPIDS PES MOIA ES 1(j I 7 i RESTRICTION Although the supply of rental housing increased OF SUPPLY dramatically in the 70s, it might have increased even Y ore if certain hindrances had not restricted the suppliers of rental housing. In order to determine what factors might be hampering housing suppliers from constructing more rental housing units, a survey was designed and copies were mailed to all known developers and contractors in the Iowa City/Coralville area. Some of these developers were also personally interviewed after their surveys were received. — A copy of the survey form and the tabulated results are in the appendix of this report. - One of the questions on the survey asked about factors most responsible for limiting the production of rental housing units. High interest rates/difficulty securing financing was by far the most important factor (54 points). Other y important concerns, in order of the number of points received, were: 1 1. lack of profit in multi -family housing (15). r 2. lack of demand in multi -family housing (15). 3. unwieldy local regulations (15). 4. land zoned for multi -family housing not in appropriate locations (9). 1 5. insufficient land available for multi -family housing (9). 6. projected declines in University enrollments (9). 7. insufficient City sewer capacity (3). There was surprisingly little concern about projected declines in University enrollments. Insufficient City sewer capacity was not regarded as an important obstacle to the provision of housing. Another question asked what policies the City should adopt to encourage the development of more multi -family housing units. The choices provided (Industrial Revenue Bonds or low interest loans, zone more land for multi -family housing, etc.) were chosen with almost equal frequency by the respondents. On the whole, developers/contractors were more interested in criticizing excessive „ City regulations than talking about policies which the City might adopt to i stimulate increased housing production. One theme which did recur in M conversations with developers was the need to alter City regulations to speed the development of affordable housing. It should be noted here that there are two components to "affordability". One is the actual cost of housing. In Iowa ti City median house costs are high, --$59,300 in 1980 as compared with a state median cost of $40,600, for owner -occupied homes. The other component that affects affordability is income. In this case, Iowa City's median household income of $18,763 lags behind the state's median household income of $19,555 " (1980 Census). There were numerous suggestions for making housing more affordable - such as the adoption of zero lot line zoning, allowing smaller lots for single family structures, changing the building code, and easing restrictions on mobile homes. Above all, flexibility seemed to be a key requirement, including a greater mix of housing types particularly in the central city area. y� 141CROEILI4ED BY JORM-MIC R4SL AB� ' CEDAR RAPIDS DES ROI_2 i 8 HISTORIC There can be Iittie doubt that a few Iowa City developers have prof itted by demolishing older houses PRESERVATION and replacing them with new apartment buildings. These apartment units are easily rentable to students eager to live near the University. Since the apartment units are built at a greater density than the houses which they replace, this type of apartment construction results in a net increase in the housing supply. One impediment to increasing the supply of housing which was not mentioned by a single respondent in the survey of contractors/developers was historic preservation. This was somewhat surprising since any serious historic preservatian effort will certainly prohibit the demolition of some historic structures and may thus hamper some suppliers of rental housing. To what extent could historic preservation restrict the supply of housing? From 1975 through 1981, 95 units of rental housing were constructed in areas which are or soon will be on the National Register of Historic Places. These 95 units constitute 9.4 of the housing which was constructed in Iowa City during the seven year period. If an historic preservation ordinance had been in effect during these years most of this housing would not have been constructed_ On the other hand, none of the historic homes lost to make way for the now apartments would have been demolished either. The "net loss" of housing (if a strong historic preservation policy had been in effect in 1975) would have been about 70 units. (In the process of constructing 95 rental units in these areas, approximately 25 rental units were demolished. These units, located in historic homes, would presumably still be available for rental at this time, resulting in a net loss of 70 rental units in the area_) In a tight housing market like Iowa City's, the loss of 70 units might be significant, but certainly not catastrophic. The "loss" of these apartment units must be weighed against the benefits of historic preservation, including the preservation of Iowa City's neighborhoods and historic structures, III CRDF IL14E0 By `.•'�� -- _ -� ` -DORM-MICR�LAEf CEDAR RAPIDS 015 MOINES yor i DEMAND FOR HOUSING & CHANGES IN POPULATION DEMOGRAPHICS 1970-1980 141CROFILMED BY -A —JORM-- M I C R+LC:j 1§ CEDAR RAPIDS DES MOINES. a Summary and Conclusions -Curing the 70s demand for rental housing increased substantially. Increased demand was caused by growth of the population, rapid formation of new households, and the increased affordability of rental housing as income grew at a slightly faster rate than the price of rental housing. -The demographics of the population changed substantially from 1970 to 1980. The number of children and teenagers declined while the number of persons in the 25-34 age group increased rapidly from 8,626 in 1970 to 13,953 in 1980, an increase of 62%. The number of elderly persons increased moderately. The change in the demographics of the population portends a shift in the demand for different types of housing. -During the 70s Iowa City suffered outmigration, even as University enrollments were increasing. In other words, more people moved out of Iowa City than moved in. Some of the reasons for this outmigration probably include: the high mobility of University students, lack of job opportunities in Iowa City, the desirability of livingin the rural areas around Iowa City, and the shortage of housing within the city limits. i MICROFILMED BY^ (JORM-_MIC R�IL"AB'� i CEDAR RAPIDS • DES MOIeES II � I y49 JI, I i v M r ) bl J. j(. Y. i 1� L1 I. i 1 l i •r f l 1 1 I ti ` 1 r Summary and Conclusions -Curing the 70s demand for rental housing increased substantially. Increased demand was caused by growth of the population, rapid formation of new households, and the increased affordability of rental housing as income grew at a slightly faster rate than the price of rental housing. -The demographics of the population changed substantially from 1970 to 1980. The number of children and teenagers declined while the number of persons in the 25-34 age group increased rapidly from 8,626 in 1970 to 13,953 in 1980, an increase of 62%. The number of elderly persons increased moderately. The change in the demographics of the population portends a shift in the demand for different types of housing. -During the 70s Iowa City suffered outmigration, even as University enrollments were increasing. In other words, more people moved out of Iowa City than moved in. Some of the reasons for this outmigration probably include: the high mobility of University students, lack of job opportunities in Iowa City, the desirability of livingin the rural areas around Iowa City, and the shortage of housing within the city limits. i MICROFILMED BY^ (JORM-_MIC R�IL"AB'� i CEDAR RAPIDS • DES MOIeES II � I y49 JI, I � T 10 HOUSING DEMAND Between 1970 and 1980 the population of the Iowa 1970 - 1980 City/Coralville/University Heights area grew by 9.25%. This was not a particularly high rate of - growth (the U.S. as a whole grew 11.5%) and could not of itself have been responsible for the 32% increase in the housing supply which occurred between 1970 and 1982. Factors other than population 11 ncrease, including the large increase in the number of households, the aging of the population, and increases in real income, played a greater role in boosting demand for housing. v One of the most important factors responsible for increased housing demand was the large increase in the number of households which occurred during the 70s. The rise in the number of single person households, from 3,871 in 1970 to 7,164 _ in 1980, was especially impressive. New household formation was caused by the inmigration of students, divorce, the larger elderly population, the preference of many persons to live alone, as well as the increased supply of housing. Obviously, without an increase in the supply of housing units, new household e formation would have been impossible. Generally, as a person ages, he or she acquires a greater income and can thus acquire more material goods, including housing. This is as true for students as " of Iowa CityoaffectedOstudentsetoo. Iowa The percentageuoftio University ofed eIowaastudents aged 18-24 declined from 72% to 63% between 1971 and 1980 while the percentage of students aged 25 years or older increased from 27.7% to 32.9% of the total student population. During the last four years alone, the median age of µ graduate students increased from 27 to 29 years. Another factor responsible for more housing demand is the increased affordability of rental housing. While the cost of renting increased 46-60% ' from 1975 to 1982 (estimated from the 1982 and 1975 Rental Housing Surveys), per capita income in Johnson County increased 122.2.% from 1970 to 1979 according to U.S. Department of Commerce figures. Thus, the cost of renting increased at a yearly rate of 5.6%-6.9% (depending on the type of unit rented) while per capita income increased 9.3% per year. Although the time periods are different and the figures are thus not entirely comparable, the data does seem to show that annual increases in per capita income have exceeded annual increases in rental housing prices. If so, the real cost of renting actually decreased during the 70's. As a result, the demand for housing increased and developers responded by constructing more rental housing units. M Increased demand for housing can be shown by comparing 1970 and 1980 census figures. While in 1970 each household occupied an average of 4.71 rooms, each household occupied an average of 4.96 rooms in 1980. For renters, the figure "^ increased from 3.40 rooms per household in 1970 to 3.56 rooms per household in 1980. The increase in the number of rooms per person was even more dramatic, It 1980,rew Erom an increase off26% 9 Asmthper rnumbern in 1970 of roomsto 1.88 per personsincreer ases,I in it generally means that more units are occupied at a lower density. Y6 v MICROFILMED BY _DORM._. MICR�►LA e._ - I LCEDAR RAPIDS DES MOINES L r-, CHANGES IN DEMOGRAPHICS 11 Another factor which exerted an influence on housing demand was changes in the age of the population. The following table illustrates changes which took place in the demographics of the population between 1970 and 1980. 1970 and 1980 Population and Age Distributions in the Iowa City Urbanized Area Age 1970 1980 1970 and 1980 increase/decrease 0-4 4,638 3,503 -1,135 5-9 3,987 2,777 -1,210 10-14 3,492 2,933 - 559 15-17 1,960 1,847 - 113 18 2,457 1,749 - 504 19 2,712 3,056 + 344 20 3,213 3,247 + 34 21 3,215 3,161 - 54 22-24 6,188 7,749 +1,561 25-34 8,626 13,953 +5,327 35-44 4,322 4,994 + 672 45-54 3,634 3,473 - 161 55-64 2,647 2,969 - 322 65-74 2,052 2,135 + 83 75+ 3t1 402 1� 718 + ,316 A brief study of this table reveals that The number of persons aged 18 or less decreased by 3,521 during the decade. The 18-21 age group, which is usually thought of as the group in which most undergraduate university students belong, decreased by 180 persons during the decade even though university enrollments increased substantially. - The number of persons in the 25-34 age group increased dramatically during the decade, from 8,626 to 13,953 persons. The increase in this age group (5,327) exceeded the population. growth of the entire urbanized area (4,923) during the ten year period. Although some of the increase in this age group occurred among University students (42%), most of the increase in this age group consisted of non- students. - The population of Iowa City, like the population of U.S. has been getting older. There are fewer children and teenagers, many more young adults, and slightly more elderly. `I MICROFILMED BY JORMMIC R#CAB_ - CEDAR RAPIDS DES MOIMES Sib DEMOGRAPHICS AND OUTMIGRATION The shift in demographics discussed on the preceding page portends a shift in the demand for different types of housing. The large increase in 25-34 year olds means that there are more people than ever who would like to buy a "first" house. This demand has Lff __ Ibeen, and continues to be, frustrated to a large degree by high interest rates and the escalating price of owner -occupied housing. Nevertheless, the latent demand for small single-family homes increased substantially during the past ten years. Demand for small owner -occupied units will also increase as more elderly persons leave their large houses in favor of smaller, more manageable units. Apart from demographic changes which have occurred during the past ten years, it is also useful to know which groups migrated into and out of the area. Although little information is readily available for University Heights or Coralvil le, birth and death statistics are available for Iowa City. From 1970 to 1980, births in Iowa City exceeded deaths by 4,677 persons. During that same period, the population of Iowa City grew by only 3,658 persons, or 1,019 fewer persons than one would have expected due to natural increase. IN OTHER WORDS, IOWA CITY SUFFERED OUTMIGRATION DURING THE. 70S; MORE PEOPLE MOVED OUT OF IOWA CITY THAN MOVED IN. It is impossible to attribute outmigration to a single cause. Some of the reasons for the outmigration include the traditional turnover of University students, the shortage of jobs in the Iowa City area, the attraction of living near the Coralville Reservoir and other rural areas near Iowa City, and the lack of affordable housing in Iowa City. In addition the availability of FmHA loans in rural areas makes it possible for first home owners to purchase housing in such towns as North Liberty where lower priced housing is available. MICROFIL14ED BY r I-JORPA __MI"CR#L'AB'_ f CEDAR RAPIDS DES MOINES J 4 i j _; l Difference Acle, 1980 (predicted) 1980 (actual) (Predicted -Actual) 0-4 3,339 kk + 355 5-9 3,586 2,331 +1,255 10-14 3,859 2,484 +1,375 15-19 3,331 3,186 + 145 45-54 3,600 r + 720 t 1,552 1,337 + 215 60-64 1,264 Y + 140 65-74 1,919 1,826 + 93 75+ 1,524 1,487 + 37 i r'` THE DEMOGRAPHICS OF OUTMIGRATION 13 What groups migrated out of Iowa City during the 70s? In order to get an idea of how many persons in each age group migrated out of the city during the 70s, a population projection for 1980 was made using 1970 census data and actual births and deaths which occurred during the 70s. The predicted age structure of the population for 1980 and the actual age structure of the population for 1980 are shown below: The table shows a substantial difference between the actual 1980 population and the predicted 1980 population. Some of the difference between the expected and the actual is due to inaccuracies of the data. The remainder of the difference is due to outmigration. Generally speaking, the predictions are more accurate for the older age groups or cohorts, since older persons are less likely to move than younger persons. No effort was made to predict the population of the middle -age groups (ages 20-44) with the cohort -survival technique since the yearly migrations of students makes the technique unusable and since we already know that substantial inmigration of persons aged 25-34 occurred during the 70s. The table shows that the largest outmigration occurred among children aged 5-14. Presumably, these children were also accompanied by their parents --largely adults aged 25-44. Since the 25-44 age group increased tremendously during the 1970s, the turnover of this group must have been very great, as more people of this age group migrated into the city than migrated out. Substantial outmigration of persons in the 45-54 age group must also have occurred. The 1980 Census showed a tremendous increase in the number of persons in North Liberty, Coralville, and some of the rural areas around the Coralville Reservoir. It seems plausible to assume that some persons in the 45-54 age group migrated to these outlying areas where there are higher priced homes. 141CROFILMED BY 11. DORM --MIC R#L-,4B- CEDAR RAPIDS DES MOIYEs 4/6 i -J Difference Acle, 1980 (predicted) 1980 (actual) (Predicted -Actual) 0-4 3,339 2,984 + 355 5-9 3,586 2,331 +1,255 10-14 3,859 2,484 +1,375 15-19 3,331 3,186 + 145 45-54 3,600 2,880 + 720 55-59 1,552 1,337 + 215 60-64 1,264 1;124 + 140 65-74 1,919 1,826 + 93 75+ 1,524 1,487 + 37 The table shows a substantial difference between the actual 1980 population and the predicted 1980 population. Some of the difference between the expected and the actual is due to inaccuracies of the data. The remainder of the difference is due to outmigration. Generally speaking, the predictions are more accurate for the older age groups or cohorts, since older persons are less likely to move than younger persons. No effort was made to predict the population of the middle -age groups (ages 20-44) with the cohort -survival technique since the yearly migrations of students makes the technique unusable and since we already know that substantial inmigration of persons aged 25-34 occurred during the 70s. The table shows that the largest outmigration occurred among children aged 5-14. Presumably, these children were also accompanied by their parents --largely adults aged 25-44. Since the 25-44 age group increased tremendously during the 1970s, the turnover of this group must have been very great, as more people of this age group migrated into the city than migrated out. Substantial outmigration of persons in the 45-54 age group must also have occurred. The 1980 Census showed a tremendous increase in the number of persons in North Liberty, Coralville, and some of the rural areas around the Coralville Reservoir. It seems plausible to assume that some persons in the 45-54 age group migrated to these outlying areas where there are higher priced homes. 141CROFILMED BY 11. DORM --MIC R#L-,4B- CEDAR RAPIDS DES MOIYEs 4/6 i -J 7 THE CURRENT HOUSING SITUATION' ` IAICROFILMED BY JORM-MI"CRL A9" CEDAR RAPIDSL.4 DES RDIDES ye J i I y I I i J L f M hM L�. t Ir I I l I Ar `I 7 THE CURRENT HOUSING SITUATION' ` IAICROFILMED BY JORM-MI"CRL A9" CEDAR RAPIDSL.4 DES RDIDES ye i II M I 14 Summary Land - The overall vacancy rate for rental units in multi -family structures in the Iowa City metropolitan area was found to be 1.6 percent. This vacancy rate is far below the five percent rate considered desirable. - Vacancy rates increased as the distance from Iowa City's central business district increased. Within one mile of the Old Capitol the vacancy rate was a miniscule 0.3 percent. The vacancy rate for apartments located more than one mile from the Old Capitol (but within Iowa City) was 2.2 percent. Coral vi1leIs vacancy rate was 3.2 percent. As the number of bedrooms in a unit increased, the probability that it would be vacant also increased. The vacancy rates for units by bedroom size were: three bedroom (2.1%), two bedroom (1.90X), one bedroom (1.31X), and efficiency (.73X). The stron 70s. g demand for smaller units may be due to the large increase in single person households which occurred during the Mean rents of vacant units did not differ significantly from the mean rents Of occupied units. Very high rents do not appear to be an important reason for vacancies. Rents are higher in Iowa City than in Coralville. One reason for Iowa City's higher rents is the strong attraction of living near the University subdivision regulations, and other factors contributing to and Iowa City's central business district. Differences in land costs, costs also result in lower Coralville rents. construction Between 1975 and 1982 Iowa City rents increased at about the same rate as the rental housing component of the Consumer Price Index. Thus, Iowa City rents grew at the same rate as the U.S. average. a MICROFILMED BY r JO RIVI"MIC R6CAE?I'- 1+ CEDAR RAPIDS • DES MOINES yd 15 OVERALL VACANCY In March 1982 the Department of Planning and Program Development undertook a multi -family rental housing survey of the Iowa City/Coralville/University Heights housing market. The survey work was done by phone by University of Iowa planning students. Information on rents, number of bedrooms, and vacancies was gathered on over 5,000 units in multi -family rental structures out of 9,500 units. Although some information on sleeping rooms and duplexes was also inadvertently gathered, the goal of this study was limited to determining the vacancy rate of rental units in structures with three or more units. The survey attempted to determine an overall vacancy rate of apartment units for the week of March 22nd. It should be emphasized that this survey did not attempt to compute an annualized vacancy rate like the Planning 0epartment's 1975 Rental Vacancy Survey. If this survey had been done in the fall, the vacancy rate might have been lower; in late spring it might have been higher. Of 5,885 units surveyed, 192 were vacant or not for rent. One hundred five (105) of these units were in a single apartment complex. Including the units in this complex, the vacancy rate was 3.2 percent. Excluding these units, the vacancy rate was 1.6 percent. Since many of the units in this complex were marginally habitable, or were not being offered for rent by the managers of the complex, this report will assume that the "true" March 1982 vacancy rate was 1.6 percent. The methodology of the survey is discussed in greater detail in the appendix of this report. In most housing markets, according to Department of Housing & Urban Development standards, a vacancy rate of five percent is considered desirable to provide adequate housing opportunities and to contain housing prices; the area vacancy rate of 1.6 percent is still too low to achieve these goals. �^ MICRDFIEMED BY _ 1 JO-.'-MICR4L CEDAR RAPIDS • DES MDIIJES 46 r-, '1 y I, I 16 VACANCIES BY The proposition that housing close to Iowa City's DISTANCE central business district and the University of Iowa is in great demand is a part of the conventional wisdom that few would question. This rental housing survey found that housing near the University is indeed in great demand and that vacancy rates decrease as one approaches the Iowa City central business district. The study divided rental units into three categories: 1) locations within one mile of Old Capitol, 2) locations more than one mile from Old Capitol but within the corporate boundaries of Iowa City, and 3) locations in Coralville. One hundred forty-four apartment complexes (containing a total of 4,250 privately owned rental units) were plotted on a map in order to group the units into the categories. Vacancies within one mile of Old Capitol were practically non-existent. The vacancy rate was 0.3 percent. The vacancy rate increased to 2.2 percent for units beyond the one mile limit. The vacancy rate in Coralville was even higher - 3.2 percent. Y MICROFILMED BY I -" DORM --MIC F�L A"B- ' CEDAR RAPIDS DES M011IE5 ) fw6 'r ■ 17 ! 1 VACANCY RATE The vacancy rate of apartment complexes with more $y than 32 units (1.7 percent) was slightly greater than COMPLEX SIZE the vacancy rate for apartment complexes with less than 32 units (1.3 percent). The greater vacancy rate for larger complexes is easy to explain. Almost all of the large complexes are located more than one mile from Iowa City's Old Capitol, while many of the smaller apartment complexes are situated within a mile of Old Capitol. Distance, not the size of the apartment complex, is the key factor in determining the vacancy rate. I _ JORM MICH4f.nn CEDAR RAPIDS • DES MOIRES I� r k Y 1.. t M & n� C f. !w iM r 17 ! 1 VACANCY RATE The vacancy rate of apartment complexes with more $y than 32 units (1.7 percent) was slightly greater than COMPLEX SIZE the vacancy rate for apartment complexes with less than 32 units (1.3 percent). The greater vacancy rate for larger complexes is easy to explain. Almost all of the large complexes are located more than one mile from Iowa City's Old Capitol, while many of the smaller apartment complexes are situated within a mile of Old Capitol. Distance, not the size of the apartment complex, is the key factor in determining the vacancy rate. I _ JORM MICH4f.nn CEDAR RAPIDS • DES MOIRES There seems to be some correlation between the number of bedrooms in a unit and the probability that the unit will be vacant. The vacancy rate of three bedroom units is about three times as great as the vacancy rate of efficiency units. As the number of bedrooms in a unit increases, it is more likely that it will be vacant. Total number Number of of units vacancies Vacancy rate Efficiency 274 2 0.73% One -bedroom 2,451 32 1.31% Two-bedroom 2,475 47 1.90% Three-bedroom 285 6' 2.11% The lower vacancy rate for smaller units may be due to the decrease in household size that occurred during the past ten years. As household size declined and the number of single person households increased (by 85 percent during the past decade), the demand for smaller units probably also increased. This may be the reason for the exremely low vacancy rate of efficiency and one bedroom units. r , 141CROFILMED BY --� �' �---- _ 111 L CORM MIC RI LIA4 I CEDAR RAPIDS •DES MOINES yoe VACANCY RATE The condition and size of a rental unit, its location, and its rent* are a few of the factors which BY RENT determine whether a unit is occupied or vacant. Of - the vacant units surveyed by this study, some had unusually high rents. Many others had normal or — below average rents. The mean rent of all vacant units in each bedroom class was found to be almost _ identical to the mean rent of the entire sample. J Thus, the study did not find evidence to support the hypothesis that most vacancies are caused by landlords charging very high rents. Of course, SOME Jvacancies undoubtedly are due to very high rents charged by landlords, but the size and appeal of the unit and its distance from Iowa City's central business district are probably of equal importance. Mean Rents of Occupied and Vacant Units J I Efficiency One -bedroom Two-bedroom Three-bedroom All units $194 $253 $347 $524 _i Vacant Units $205 $259 $343 $516 i *In general the figure for rentincludes utilities. !i t^ I E ^ 141CROFILMED BY --� �' �---- _ 111 L CORM MIC RI LIA4 I CEDAR RAPIDS •DES MOINES yoe 'r _ i j— J 'i I i provides information on the i� zo I units for which information on rents was gathered, the range of rents charged for each type of unit, the mean rent for each type of unit, and the J standard deviation of each type of unit I Iui1 t rent. f. 111 I Standard N of Units I Kean Rent Deviation Efficiencies 357 { I $30 One -bedroom 1,693 Y� $253 $33 I 1,934 T MEAN RENT The following table provides information on the zo I MEAN RENT MICROFILMED BY '' JORM__MICR#LA CEDAR RAPIDS • DES MOIY i The following table provides information on the number of units for which information on rents was gathered, the range of rents charged for each type of unit, the mean rent for each type of unit, and the standard deviation of each type of unit from the mean rent. Standard N of Units Range Kean Rent Deviation Efficiencies 357 $80-250 $194 $30 One -bedroom 1,693 $90-435 $253 $33 Two-bedroom 1,934 $125-525 $347 $59 Three-bedroom 203 $350-650 $524 $105 MICROFILMED BY '' JORM__MICR#LA CEDAR RAPIDS • DES MOIY i .6 � r I i L. 1 � 21 e most important factors determining the rent of a it are its quality, date of construction, and cation. If it were possible to find units of entical quality and age, it should be the case that a units closest to the Iowa City central business strict would have the highest rents. Mean Rent by Location One- Two- Three - Efficiency bedroom bedroom bedroom Iowa City (more than one mile from the Old Capitol) -- $280 $364 -- Iowa City (entire city) $193 $266 $358 $526 Iowa City (within one mile of Old Capitol) -- $256 $351 -- Coralville $195 $248 $330 $516 This study did not find an absolute correlation between distance and rent, because it was impossible to control for the age and and quality of the units. In Iowa City, many of the new large apartment complexes have been constructed more than a mile from the central business district. This helps explain why the mean rent of one bedroom units in Iowa City as a whole ($266) is greater than the mean rent of one bedroom units located within one mile of the Old Capitol ($256). The one bedroom units located close in are not as new or modern as the units in large apartment complexes. Comparing rents in Iowa City and Coralville, the mean rents for one, two, and three bedroom units in Iowa City are higher than in Coralville. Although several factors, including construction costs, may be responsible for this difference in mean rents, the most important factor is probably the willingness of renters to pay higher rents for units in Iowa City. �r^ I41 CROF 1LIdE0 BY 1.. —J-� - ORM 'MICR#L-AB-- CEDAR RAPIDS DES MOINES 4<6 G 1 L _„rt 22 1975 RENTAL It is difficult to compare the findings of this study HOUSING SURVEY with the conclusions of the 1975 Iowa City Rental Housing Survey. This study attempted to determine the vacancy rate for a single week in March 1982. The 1975 study computed an annualized vacancy rate. This study gathered information on units in Iowa City and Coralville, while the 1975 study dealt only with the units in Iowa City. The earlier study gathered information on single-family, multi -family, and duplex rental units. This survey collected data on rental units in multi -family structures only. Due to the differences between the two surveys, any comparison of data must be tempered by a bit of skepticism. Despite the methodological differences of the two studies, the vacancy rates of the surveys are not dissimilar. The 1975 study concluded that the annual vacancy rate was approximately one percent. This study found a vacancy rate of 1.6 percent. More importantly, both studies found the vacancy rate to be well below five percent. In order to compare 1975 and 1982 rents, mean rents for Iowa City in 1982 were computed. The following table provides more information on Iowa City mean rents in 1975 and 1982. In the last column of the table, 1982 rents have been deflated by the rent component of the Consumer Price Index so that 1982 rents are expressed in 1975 dollars. The fact that there is very little difference when comparing the 1975 rents to the 1982 CPI adjusted rents, shows that rents in Iowa City have increased at about the same rate as in the U.S. as a whole. Iowa City Rents 1975-1982 Mean Rent Mean Rent CPI Adjusted Rent 1975 1982 (1982 Rents x .63564) Efficiency $132 $193 $123 One -bedroom $166 $266 $169 Two-bedroom $233 $358 $227 Pr 141CROPILMED BY 1-"-- JORM-MICR6L- B� - I CEDAR RAPIDS • DES MOIVES I� I I I I r 23 The data gathering for the vacancy rate survey was carried out by three graduate students from the Department of Urban and Regional Planning at the University of Iowa. The students were provided with a list of apartment addresses, owner's names and telephone numbers for the Iowa City urbanized area. Only complexes containing three or more units were included. The list was prepared by the Department of Planning and Program Development using the records of the Iowa City and Coralville Housing Departments, and previous surveys. The students conducted a telephone survey during a three day period beginning on March 22, 1982. At least three attempts were made to contact each owner or manager of rental units who had a local telephone number. Calls were made at various times of day. In a few cases, where the owner was on vacation or the data was not readily available, the information was obtained during the week following the basic survey. Each owner was asked for specific information on the number and size of the units owned, rents charged, and the number of vacant units in the complex on the Lay of the �surveyy. In addition, owners were asked how long the. units harlbeen " vacanE ani whetFer he/she owned rental units elsewhere. This last question resulted in the addition of a number of apartment complexes to the original i list. Information for each apartment complex was recorded on a survey form (see .; attached sample). Owners who live out of town or out of state were not contacted, and some local owners could not be reached or were unwilling or unable to supply information; ^^ as a result, the survey covered approximately 62 percent of all rental units in the urbanized area. Some owners, while willing to provide information on vacancies, would not reveal the rents charged. Rent figures were obtained for 43 percent of all rental units. Data was gathered for all privately owned rental units, University of Iowa married student housing, and subsidized elderly and low-income housing. All these units were included in overall vacancy rate calculations; however, subsidized units of all kinds were excluded from vacancy rate by distance and rent calculations. ti A number of rental units were excluded from the survey, even though information on these units was available. Sororities, fraternities, University dormitories, duplexes, and houses rented as single units were not included in the final tabulation of results. In addition, one apartment complex of 400 units was excluded from the data. This complex has had severe maintenance problems and listed 105 units as vacant. Since it was impossible to find out how many units were truly "vacant (i.e., rentable)" at the time of the survey, this apartment complex was not included in the final tabulations. In the week following the original survey period, a spot-check survey was conducted to determine the validity of the original data. Each surveyor randomly selected five locations that had reported vacancies and five that reported no vacancies. The selected locations and their phone numbers were then MICROEILNED By I l.. _JOFi<M.... CEDAR RAPIDS DES 1401YE5 l 1 TL 24 checked against "for rent" ads in local newspapers, the listings of the University's rental clearinghouse, and yard rental signs at the locations. This spot-check generally confirmed the accuracy of the original data. The discrepancies that occurred can be attributed to the "word of mouth" advertising used by many landlords, especially those with few units. After completion of the telephone survey, the data were compiled to provide overall information on the number of vacant rental units in the Iowa City urbanized area. In addition, the vacancy rate was analyzed in relation to size of units, size of complex, rent and location. A comparison was also made of rents in relation to distance from the Old Capitol. Comparisons were made between three categories: units located one mile from the CBD, over one mile from the CBO, and units located in Coralville. Insufficient data were available to provide significant information an the length of time units remain vacant. From the few replies received, it appeared that overall units were rarely vacant for more than two weeks, a result which is not surprising considering the low vacancy rates in the area, —1 i J I j e tJ1 f 'I r 3 4w I 24 checked against "for rent" ads in local newspapers, the listings of the University's rental clearinghouse, and yard rental signs at the locations. This spot-check generally confirmed the accuracy of the original data. The discrepancies that occurred can be attributed to the "word of mouth" advertising used by many landlords, especially those with few units. After completion of the telephone survey, the data were compiled to provide overall information on the number of vacant rental units in the Iowa City urbanized area. In addition, the vacancy rate was analyzed in relation to size of units, size of complex, rent and location. A comparison was also made of rents in relation to distance from the Old Capitol. Comparisons were made between three categories: units located one mile from the CBD, over one mile from the CBO, and units located in Coralville. Insufficient data were available to provide significant information an the length of time units remain vacant. From the few replies received, it appeared that overall units were rarely vacant for more than two weeks, a result which is not surprising considering the low vacancy rates in the area, FUTURE HOUSING DEMAND 25 Summary Land _ -A number of factors affect the overall future housing demand in the Iowa City area. These factors include University enrollment, the age distribution of the present population and population projections for the future, the economy, and past housing trends. Because many of these variables are interdependent and projections, particularly with regard to the economy, are tenuous at best, predicting future housing demands is extremely difficult. -Four different methods were used to project future housing demand in Iowa City. National projections for increases in housing stock and household growth rates were used as the basis for two sets of calculations. Population projections for Iowa City made by the Department of Planning and Program Development and by the Office of the Iowa State Demographer were used for two other calculations of future housing demand. -All four methods of projecting total housing needs came out at remarkably similar levels -- an average of 3,600 units. When this figure is adjusted to _ bring the overal vacancy rate up from 3.3% to 52, the result is a projected need for approximately 4,000 new housing units by 1995. attempt n these stti ate of needsoaccording to past �tre ds and ts to ithe age erent di distributiones of of roughthe ~ population resulted in a recommendation for approximately 1,750 new multi- family (rental) units, 1,150 new single family units and 1,100 new condominium, townhouse and mobile home units. condominstuy of vacant land n zoned iums and ownhousedevelopmeIowa nt, indicated aapotential for r3,400tunits, However, only approximately half of these units are likely to be constructed within the next ten years because of inadequate sewer capacity or other factors. Given this inadequacy, there is insufficient vacant land zoned for multi -family construction and virtually none is available in the central city area where ti demand is greatest. -All figures projecting housing needs are educated guesses at best. The economy will obviously be the biggest factor determining the number of housing units which will be constructed during the next 13 years. In addition, if University enrollment does indeed decline drastically, Iowa City's chronic housing shortage may be relieved with little new construction. TL i MICROFIL14ED BY 1 DOM LRMIC RdCA9 ' CEDAR RANI H01Y[S DS • DES 1 � FACTORS AFFECTING FUTURE DEMAND J?� 26 Predicting future housing demands without benefit of a crystal ball, is well nigh impossible, since numerous variables are involved. The intent of this section is to describe some of the factors affecting housing demand and make some very generalized projections on future housing needs in Iowa City. Factors Affecting Future Demand for Housin I 1. University Enrollment. I Housing demand in Iowa City is strongly linked to student enrollment and r hospital expansion at the University of Iowa. Between 1969 and 1981, lI student enrollment increased by approximately 6,000. During that time the total number of students living in "University -associated" housing (residence halls, married student housing, fraternity and sorority houses) increased by only approximately 440. As a result a huge burden was placed on the housing market in Iowa City and the surrounding area to provide housing for 5,500 additional students. r; I Since the University will very likely make every effort to keep its student housing filled in the future, any projected decline in student enrollment f will once again be felt chiefly by the Iowa City housing market. A decline s ti of approximately 5,500 students is projected by the University through 1991. However, it is difficult to predict whether the decrease will actually be that great. Despite the decline in number of high school graduates, financial difficulties for small private colleges, the continuing return of older persons to the University, and changes in the economy may all act to keep enrollment at the University at a considerably higher level than anticipated, resulting in continued housing demand. In addition, as the average age of the University population increases, both income and family size of these students are likely to continue to increase, creating a greater demand for small ,houses, mobile homes and condominiums. In other words, the demand for apartments may decrease, i while the demand for other types of housing increases. 2. Age of Population. The post-war "baby -boom" generation is now 25-34 years old. Nationally, this age group showed a 49 percent increase between 1970 and 1980. In the '- Iowa City area the increase was even greater, namely 62 percent. This age group, many of whom deferred childbearing, will put demands on the housing market in terms of a need for affordable housing for young families. It is interesting to note that students make up only approximately half of this age group; it is also this group in which the largest number of new households are being created. A4 14ICROFILMED BY _,. „ JORMP CAB I, I CEDAR RAPIDS • DES OES t401;JE5 j Ji 27 3. Population Projections. Aside from the housing demand due to the existing population, it is important to determine the likely housing demand due to population growth in the next 13 years. Population projections for Iowa City are difficult because they are so heavily dependent on student enrollment at the - University of Iowa. The student population, with its large distribution in v the 20-35 age group, also affects the type of housing needed. _ Thus, ideally for Iowa City, one needs both the total population projection and the projections for growth (or decline) of individual age groups. This proves to be almost impossible. Standard population projection techniques ` involve births, deaths and cohort survival. These techniques are not applicable in a university town, because there is a very large female population of child-bearing age, who not only defer child-bearing, but also regularly leave the city after completing their degree. Similarly, the use of linear regression to project populations implies a correlation between population growth during the past few years and the next few years. Using linear regression, the Iowa City population is projected to increase by approximately 500 persons per year through 1995, resulting in a population of approximately 57,000. (Department of Planning & Program Development Projection, 1982.) As stated previously, since the E Iowa City population depends so heavily on University enrollment, and since this projection is based in part on the large University enrollment increases during the I70s, this figure may be high. 4. Economy. Current high interest rates and problems in obtaining financing have put a I severe crimp in the production of housing. Inflation, unemployment, and the increasing number of older persons returning to get degrees at the University have resulted in a greater demand for lower priced housing, both rental and owner -occupied. Thus, with a troubled economy, housing demands are different than with a booming economy. However, even with a speedy economic recovery, it is likely that first home buyers in particular, will not be able to afford the standard three-bedroom, single-family home, but will continue to seek less expensive housing in the form of townhouses, condominiums, duplexes, and mobile homes. f 'I S 5. Past Housing Trends. Projecting housing needs according to past housing trends is useful but ^- also risky, ly definition, households are only formed if housing is available. For instance, there is no way of telling how many 4 -person households (say four students) would split into two 2 -person households if sufficient housing were available. We also have noway of knowing how many persons are living in housing other than their preferred type and size. S/6 1 j MICROFIL14ED BY JORM -MICRbLAB- L% CEDAR RAPIDS • DES M01 Y[5 r" `r 28 Of the new units constructed in Iowa City between 1970 and 1982, 50% (1,824) were multi -family, renter -occupied and 32% (1,166) were single- family, owner -occupied homes. The great demand for apartments in the 1970 s is partially attributable to the increase in University enrollment during that time. Since enrollment is expected to decline during the next ten years, demand for renter -occupied, multi -family housing in Iowa City should increase only slowly. However, as mentioned above, demands on affordable owner -occupied housing are likely to increase more rapidly because of the 25-34 age population bulge. ., MICROFILI4ED BY JRL_,4 .-� ORM'�MIC�B' CEDAR RAPIDS DES MOINES 4146 i I u �r i ..J R III 1 1 r I Irl I 1 �! r , 1 r" `r 28 Of the new units constructed in Iowa City between 1970 and 1982, 50% (1,824) were multi -family, renter -occupied and 32% (1,166) were single- family, owner -occupied homes. The great demand for apartments in the 1970 s is partially attributable to the increase in University enrollment during that time. Since enrollment is expected to decline during the next ten years, demand for renter -occupied, multi -family housing in Iowa City should increase only slowly. However, as mentioned above, demands on affordable owner -occupied housing are likely to increase more rapidly because of the 25-34 age population bulge. ., MICROFILI4ED BY JRL_,4 .-� ORM'�MIC�B' CEDAR RAPIDS DES MOINES 4146 29 HOUSING DEMAND As stated at the outset, projecting future housing demands is difficult, because of the many unknown variables involved. "The Report of the President's PROJECTIONS Comaission on Housing" (1982) makes some general statements on national trends in terms of future housing needs which are interesting in relation to Iowa City's housing needs. The total demand for • • housing is basically determined by the total number of households to be housed, rather than by the size of the population directly. Since the "baby -boom" generation is in the prime household -forming age group (20-35 years), the rate of household formation through the 1980's will remain _ high. In the 1990's the number of young households being formed will start to decrease. However, the report also points out that recent annual additions to housing stock have been far below the average annual additions of the late 1970's, and that this, combined with the strong potential for household formation, will result in a "strong market for .new housing production and conversions throughout the coming decade." As a caveat, the report also states j that housing demands will be very uneven across the nation and that "the market should be allowed to respond to local supply and demand pressures." Bearing this in mind, two different methods are used here to predict demands, y one using national projections for housing demand and adapting them to Iowa City and another using population projections for Iowa City. I 1. Housing Demand According to National Projections A U.S. Department of Housing & Urban Development study on "National Housing I Needs and Quality Changes during the 1980's" projects an increase in the total U.S. Housing stock of 21%, with a lesser increase of 14% (or 1.32% annually) in SMSAs of the North Central Region through 1990. Using this 1.32% annual increase and applying it to the existing Iowa City housing stock, 3,686 housing units are projected to be added to the Iowa City housing stock through 1995, a total increase of 18.6%. The HUD study also makes annual household growth rate projections for 1980 through 1990. An annual rate of 1.27% is projected for SMSAs in the North Central Region of the U.S. Using this figure and extrapolating through 1995, Iowa City would need an additional 3,536 housing units by 1995, resulting in a total growth of 17.8% in the housing stock. These two projections are remarkably close and do include the projected increase in number of households during that time period, as well as factors for net housing losses during those 13 years. The figures assume that the vacancy rates remain the same as they are currently. It should be noted, however, that the basic percentage projections are an average for all SMSAs in the North Central Region of the U.S., and do not take into account Iowa City's unusual population distribution and housing demands. 2. Housing Demand According to Iowa City Population Proiections The Iowa City Comprehensive Plan Update (in preparation) projects an increase of 500 persons annually or an additional 6,500 persons through S/6 t 1 I, I4ILROFIL1.1 DY I.l-JORM-""MICFV+LAB - CEDAR RAPIDS DES MOINES �+ J� 30 1995. Assuming the average number of persons per household remains at 2.3 (the 1980 Census figure), an additional 2,826 housing units would need to be added to the housing stock to accommodate this increased population. Unlike the national projections, this figure does not include net losses to the housing stock or a factor for an increase in the number of households in the existing population. Annual net housing losses in the North Central SMSAs are estimated at 0.92% — by the HUD study. In Iowa City, the annual gross loss of units between 1970 and 1982 was 0.35% of the housing stock per year (or 537 units, excluding University Housing), i.e. losses were considerably lower than the HUD average. Also, an estimated 60 units in Iowa City were converted from single-family to multi -family use. When these figures are included, the not annual loss of housing units for Iowa City would be 0.26% annually. 'i Although this figure is still probably high (since after several years of an effective housing inspection program, there are very few dilapidated structures remaining in Iowa City), assuming that the net loss of units annually continues at 0.26%, an additional 681 units would be needed to maintain the housing stock through 1995. Adding this figure to the estimated need for 2,826 units calculated above, results in a projected 3,507 additional housing units through 1995. Another method of estimating the 1995 population of Iowa City is by using population projections for Johnson County made by the Office of the State Demographer at the State of Iowa Office of Planning and Programming. Assuming that Iowa City will continue to make up 62% of the population of Johnson County (as is the case in 1980), the Iowa City 1995 population is projected at 57,904, an increase of 7,396 persons. Again, using an average household size of 2.3 persons, 3,216 additional housing units would be needed by 1995. Adjusting this figure by 681 units to include the anticipated net annual housing loss, results in a projected demand for 3,897 housing units. (Like the first figure, this one does not include a factor for new household formation.) All four methods of projecting housing needs result in a remarkably similar number of units, - 3,686, 3,536, 3,507 and 3,897 (average 3,660). None of these methods assume smaller increases in population due to projected declines in University enrollment. (It was decided to ignore University enrollment projections, since they have not been very accurate over the past years and are dependent on too many additional variables.) It should also be noted that vacancy rates are assumed to remain constant at current levels in these calculations. i r' f �_) The overall vacancy rate in Iowa City in 1980 was 3.3%, according to the 1980 census. In order to bring the overall vacancy rate for approximately 23,489 units (3,660 plus 19,829 existing ) up to a desirable 5% level, an additional 399 units would be needed for a total of approximately 4,000 units. 1 141CROFILMED a1' —JORM-""MICRE/LAB CEDAR RAPIDS •DES MOVIES � / a 1 41 rti L: 31 _ Distribution of Additional Units by Type Taking a general figure of 4,000 units as fulfilling the Iowa City housing needs through 1995, how should these units be distributed by type? On one hand, one might just let the market respond to the needs and not try to allocate housing by U type. On the other hand, as the Housing Recommendations of the 1978 Iowa City Comprehensive Plan state, it is important to ensure that there is sufficient appropriately zoned land available for different types of housing. Therefore, an attempt is made here to allocate needed units by type. j Between 1970 and 1960, 50% of new units were multifamily, 33 single family/owner-occupied, and approximately 18% owner -occupied condominiums, duplexes, townhouses and mobile homes. This last category makes up rl approximately 17% of the total housing supply. As indicated in other parts of this report, it is assumed that the demand for owner -occupied townhouses, mobile homes and condominiums will increase through 1995 because of the large 25-34 year old population. Nationally, the demand for rental housing is expected to decline as the number of persons under 30 decreases, and, if there is some concomitant decline in student enrollment, demand for multifamily housing in Iowa City should decrease somewhat. i Since the 25 to 34 year old population increased by 62% between 1970 and 1980, one could argue that the demand for small owner -occupied units will also increase by at least the same percentage. Thus, at least 27.5% (1.62 x .17) or l 1,100 of the anticipated new units should be mobile homes, condominiums, townhouses, etc. The large percentage increase in multi -family units during the past 10 years was largely in response to the demand for student housing. Even with this increase, the vacancy rate is still only 1.6% for rental multi -family units in Iowa City. In order to increase this vacancy rate, it would seem reasonable to continue the proportionate increase of single family to multi -family dwellings (2:3) through 1995. This strategy would result in approximately 1,150 additional single family and 1,750 multi -family units. Location of Additional Housina Units The rough estimate of the number of different types of housing units needed through 1995 can be translated into acres of land with the appropriate density in the Comprehensive Plan. Because of the location of the University of Iowa and the hospitals, there will continue to be a demand for multi -family units in the central city area. The vacancy rate there will always be lower than for outlying multi -family units. However, construction of additional multifamily housing in the central area must be balanced against the need and desire to conserve some central city neighborhoods. i MICROFILMED BY f 1 -JORFA MICR;LAB- 1+ CEDAR RAPIDS OES MO CUES J6 VACANT LAND FOR MOUSING 32 Owellin Unit Ca acit and Develo abilit of IstYna Vacant Land Zoned R3, R3A, and R38 In January 1982ja study was undertaken to determine the developability of existing vacant land zoned for ? $ multifamily use. The detailed study is included in 1;M i the appendix of this report. The amount of vacant land and the number of potential multifamily units were estimated in two ways: a) assuming only existing sewer capacity, and therefore developable during the next ten years; and b) assuming a solution to sewer capacity problems by 1992 at the earliest. The total vacant land presently available and zoned for multifamily use is 165.5 acres, of which 99.5 acres are developable during the next ten years. In fact, much of this land already has approved subdivision or Planned Area Development (PAD) plans, and in some cases new units are currently under construction. Of the total developable acres, 58% are approximately three miles from the Old Capitol, 21% are between two and three miles away, 17% are one to two miles and only 4% of the vacant land is one mile or less from the Old Capitol. As explained in the study, the future carrying capacity of the vacant land was calculated using the average density of recent multifamily construction in R3A and R3 zones, rather than the maximum permitted density. These calculations resulted in an estimated 3,402 potential multifamily units for R3 and R3A zones, and 1,648 potential units in the next ten years. It should be noted that these potential multifamily units include not only apartments, but also owner -occupied condominiums and, in some cases, townhouses. The estimated need for all such multifamily units through 1995 (as calculated above) is 2,850. Apartments comprise 1,750 of these needed units. The greatest demand for these apartments is within one mile of Old Capitol wherethat there, insufficient land least ant zonednforsavailable. It is multi -family construction intherefore, r the central city area if the anticipated future demand is to be met. (Note: Townhouses can be constructed in R2 Zones, and no estimate of vacant land in these zones is available.) Using a density of 33 dwelling units/acre (DU/A) for apartments, approximately 53 acres of R3A zoned land would be required for 1,750 units. Presently 37.5 acres of R3A land are actually available. For townhouses and condominiums at 13 BUM, 85 acres of R3 zoned land would be required for 1,100 units. (This figure is somewhat misleading since the new units include mobile homes, and condominiums might be built at a higher density.) Forty acres of vacant R3 land are currently available. The construction of 1,150 new single-family homes density require DU/A. Thetamount2ofacres vacant land zoned RIA orand 11113 inaIowa City is average not known at this time. I � i 141CROEIL14ED BY 1 --JC)RM -MICRdLAB_ CEDAR RAPIDS • DES M01nES i AW J J f 111CROFILIdEO BY • !. ,� JORIVf'—MICR#L 6H— CEDAR RAPIDS DES MOINES 111CROFILIdEO BY • !. ,� JORIVf'—MICR#L 6H— CEDAR RAPIDS DES MOINES h 1 � r 33 Summary and Conclusions -To meet the demand for housing close to the central business district, a detailed site survey of the central city area should be undertaken. Using information obtained from this site survey, development and redevelopment of rental housing could be promoted through such policies as permitting overlay zones for accessory apartments, concentrated rental rehabilitation using Community Development Block Grant (CGBG) or other funds, allowing mixed uses in the area, and retaining medium/high density zoning where appropriate. -If the City adopts a policy to provide affordable housing for the large number of households aged 25-34, implementation of such a policy might include zoning more land for duplexes, condominiums and other types of owner -occupied housing; adopting zero lot line regulations and reducing lot sizes, and reviewing development regulations which might unnecessarily increase housing costs. -A continuing city policy to meet the housing needs of the elderly could at the same time increase the number of available housing units through the use of accessory apartments, a "shared housing" program for the elderly, congregate housing, or financial programs permitting the elderly to move to smaller housing units, thus freeing larger houses for family use. -A policy to preserve the existing rental housing stock is recommended. MICROFILMED BY I 1"" JORM _MICR#L_AB_- CEDAR RAPIDS • DES MOINES Ar 34 HOUSING POLICIES This section discusses some of the findings of the Housing Market Analysis and how these findings can be translated into City policies. These policies will address some current housing problems and seek to alleviate problems which may arise in the future. I. Meeting the demand for housing close to the Central Business District. A. There is no doubt that the demand for housing close to the University and central business district is intense. Many apartment complexes have waiting lists. The vacancy rate for multi -family rental units within a mile of Old Capitol was 0.3% in March 1982. It must be recognized that housing can be supplied to meet the demand for residence near the University in a number of ways, including: 1) new construction on vacant lots, 2) demolition of existing structures and replacement with new apartment buildings, 3) conversion of existing structures from commercial/office to multi -family use, 4) additionto ofnew unitsuse or toexisting multi -family or commercial structures. Of these four ways of increasing the housing supply, demolition/new construction is the most destructive way to provide more housing since it often results in the demolition of historic structures and the loss of inexpensive housing units. It should also be noted that increased noise, traffic, and parking in neighborhoods, and lost neighborhood identity are likely to occur with any increase in housing density. In order to encourage the provision of more housing near the University, the City needs to do more than simply zone areas for high density housing and wait for developers to act. Since many, if not most, of the houses close to the campus have already been converted to rental units and since there are no longer many in which it is economical to demolish a house and build apartments, it would make sense for the City to become involved in housing at the site-specific level rather than to expect the redevelopment of large areas zoned for high density development. In other words, the City should promote the development of specific sites or small areas which are particularly suitable for multifamily housing. Before the City can aid in the development of specific sites or small areas, more information is needed about existing land uses and the Potential for higher densities in the area within a mile of the University. A detailed site survey could provide this information. The survey would pinpoint vacant lots, structures which are so deteriorated that they should be redeveloped, buildings which could be converted from office/commercial to residential uses or have residential uses added, and structures to which accessory apartments could be added. With the detailed information provided by the site survey, the City could formulate a plan to encourage the provision of more rental housing units within the one mile area. i j 141LROFI LIdCD LB—DORM—MIC RA B`CEDAR RAPIDS •DEIAES I1� ee J i �J 35 I Some of the tools which could be used to promote development/redevelopment of rental housing would include: overlay zones or permitted uses in certain zones for accessory apartments; tax abatement for the development of vacant lots near the University; application for Urban Development Action Grants (U.D.A.G.) funds to convert unprofitable commercial/office structures to residential use; use of University land for private or non-profit housing construction; areas in which rental rehabilitation funds should be concentrated; and possible uses of CDBG funds to promote J rehabilitation of deteriorated structures. It should be emphasized that a detailed site survey would help the City formulate policies which are particularly suitable for the area. It would allow the City i:D take the lead in stimulating the production of housing rather than reacting to the actions of developers. Without the detailed land use/housing survey described previously, there are still ways in which more housing can be built in the central city area without adversely affecting historic structures and/or older established neighborhoods: 1. Allow mixed uses - The area south of Burlington Street and west of Van BurenStreet is a mix of land uses in which no single land — use is predominant. An attempt to impose a single land use on the area (such as by zoning the area for commercial use only) may be unsuccessful if developers or market forces determine that the area is not suitable for this use. Therefore, a mix of ; specified commercial and residential uses should be allowed in the area south of the central business district. Assuming that residential uses can be buffered from commercial uses (or that — low -traffic office/commercial uses will be allowed in the area) there seems to be no reason why the market cannot be allowed to I determine the actual mix of uses. This may open up new areas for rental housing development. 2. Retain medium/high density ! zoning near the central business didi tr ct—fie North Side neis and CoTTege H Tne g� hbors who organized to fight new apartment construction in their respective neighborhoods were not opposed to the conversion of houses to medium density rental units. They opposed the demolition of these houses and their replacement with high density apartment buildings. 3. Allow accessory apartments - Some areas which are located near the centra bus ness d strict might be suitable locations for accessory apartments. Regulations can be written to minimize the impact of these units which are located in single-family homes, on the surrounding neighborhood. It is unlikely that many additional rental units will be provided through these types of housing, but allowing accessory apartments will at least provide the opportunity for this type of housing to be constructed. I J MICROFILMED BY ; 1. -JORM��MIC R4�L AB - 1 CEDAR RAPIDS • DES MOINES I r � 36 (_... i MICROFILMED BY _1 I 1 .,•.`.'' t """CORM -MIC R/SC AB - - - % ! CED/1R RAPIDS DES MOINES 2. Meeting the burgeoning needs of households aged 25-34. Housing affordability. As this study shows, the number of persons aged 25 to 34 years old increased tremendously from 1970 to 1980. According to national projections, the number of persons in this age group will continue to increase until near the end of the 80s. In order to meet the needs of this J group, an effort must be made by the City to allow the development of ; housing which persons in this age group, many of them first home buyers, -- _, can afford. As the 80s progress, a shift in housing demand should occur, as households ` currently renting (especially those in the 25-34 age group) seek to purchase housing. These first time purchasers of homes will face many i difficulties, including the high cost of owner -occupied housing, high interest rates, difficulty accumulating funds for downpayments, and paying an extraordinary percentage of income for housing expenses. The problem of housing affordability is not easily solved. Unless it is decided that housing affordability is a problem to be addressed with a major commitment of City funds (such as by forming a low-interest loan pool), other means . must be used to address the problem. Some actions which the City could ~ take to make affordable housing more easily available include: A. Zone sufficient land for duplexes, condominiums and other t es of i cost owner -occupied housing. ccor ing to the out ors of ~ A ordable Housing: Public and Private Partnerships for Constructing Middle and Moderate Income Housing" Center for Community j Development and Preservation 1980, the most important administrative action the city can take to suppress housing prices is to zone sufficient land for housing, in particular for less expensive housing like mobile homes, duplexes, townhouses, condominiums and rental units. Having sufficient land zoned and ready for development helps to hold down the price of land, opens up development opportunities for land holders and developers, and expedites the land development process. For specific recommendations on the amount of land that should be zoned for low-cost housing, see the section on "Future Housing Demand." B. Adopt zero -lot line regulations. Reduce required lot sizes. Among the many consents and suggestions offered by contractors and developers in the "Survey on Multi -family Housing Needs" and during interviews, the adoption of zero -lot line regulations and allowing houses to be constructed on smaller lots were frequently mentioned. — Both of these suggestions, if adopted, would help to hold down the cost of housing. C. Review development rre ulat�ions. Many city regulations (including the o� Ord Hance,Subdivision Ordinance, and Building Code) may increase the cost of housing. Some of these regulations have laudable goals and desirable effects. Others might conceivably be placed in ^- the "unnecessary government regulation" category. Now might be a good time for a thorough review of regulations governing minimum street widths, lot sizes, sidewalks and other "minimums" such as parking and .. fd (_... i MICROFILMED BY _1 I 1 .,•.`.'' t """CORM -MIC R/SC AB - - - % ! CED/1R RAPIDS DES MOINES I -i 37 Y6 I ' 1 141CROFIL14ED BY 1- CORM 'MICR46CA B- CEDAR RANDS DES MOINES tree requirements which might unnecessarily increase housing costs. Particular effort should be I — made to make sure that regulations governing condominiums and mobile homes do not impose extensive i requirements, thereby forcing these types of housing outside the city limits or making them unaffordable. 3. Meeting the needs of the elderly, " The percentage of elderly in Iowa City is substantially lower than in the U.S. as a whole. The 1980 Census figures show 11.4% of Iowa City's population is 55 and over, whereas nationally 20.9% of the population falls into this age group. Since students make up approximately half of Iowa City's population, these figures are not surprising. I Considerable progress has been made in meeting the housing needs of the elderly in the last few yi years. Nevertheless, more can be done to meet the needs of the elderly and thereby free up housing for other households. Ef = There are several possible methods of accomplishing this, particularly for elderly persons living in their own homes: 1 a. Revision of the Zoning Ordinance to permit accessory apartments in single family residential i areas would permit the elderly to remain in their houses, while receiving some additional income and having the y added protection of someone else in the building. At the same time, a rental unit is added to the housing market. 1 i b. The City, possibly through the Senior Center, could assist d1derly persons owning large houses in finding others to share these houses. Such ared uof oapproaches r scale.a Ah variety financ al gcould hbe used from simple rent payments, to joint maintenance and food budgeting or joint ownership of the home. j C. For elderly persons who wish to move from their own home to smaller units of housing which would be easier to maintain and cheaper to heat than their existing housing, some innovative financial programs could be developed. Such programs (possibly started with COOG funds) might center on using the equity on a home as collateral to help provide new housing for the elderly or -- on using the equity to provide an annual income which could be used to pay rent on a more suitable housing unit. At any rate, the original house then becomes available housing for a larger family, or for conversion to several rental units. d. The City's Congregate Housing Task Force is already working on the provision of congregate housing for the elderly. Such housing will also help to meet the needs of frail elderly persons, who, while unable to live completely independently, are not in need of nursing home care. Y6 I ' 1 141CROFIL14ED BY 1- CORM 'MICR46CA B- CEDAR RANDS DES MOINES i 'r v I T ^i i J 38 4. Preservation of the existing rental housing stock. The Housing Market Analysis did not find any evidence to support the idea that there will soon be an "oversupply" of rental housing. Demand for rental housing was extremely strong in the 70s, the current rental vacancy rate is still quite low, and apartments are still being constructed despite. J record high interest rates. Demand for rental housing will probably continue to be strong for at least the next five years. Nevertheless, the City should now re-examine the use of its sources of housing funds (CDBG, IRBs, etc.) and redirect some of these funds toward rental rehabilitation. Rental rehabilitation should be a priority for several reasons. First, j there is a greater need for the rehabilitation of rental as opposed to owner -occupied structures. Inadequate housing conditions are much more !" common in rental housing than in owner -occupied housing. Second, the cost of rehabilitating owner -occupied housing is extremely expensive. By I assisting owners of rental units through a write-down of interest on a loan, more of the rehabilitation costs would be borne by the owner. As a result more housing units will be rehabilitated with the available funds. - Finally, demand for rental housing may begin to decline by the mid or late 80 s as persons in the 25-34 age group purchase homes. A rental rehabilitation program begun now would preserve the rental housing stock for future conversion to single-family owner -occupied use by the 25-34 age group.. In the event that tax laws no longer permit home interest mortgage payments to be deducted, the demand for this rental housing would continue, since presumably even fewer first home buyers would be able to purchase homes. I i MICRO...... RY I JORM-MICRbCAB__ CEDAR RAPIDS - DES MOINES i i -- - r. 39 IOWA C*TY HOUSING ESTIMATES 1970 1982 % Change Owner -occupied Single Family homes 5,6941 6,8602 20.5 Condominiums 2513 4904 95.2 Owner -occupied duplex units 3955 4846 22,5 Owner -occupied mobile homes 6377 1 0058 57.8 Total owner -occupied 6�7T8,8�� 22.7 Single Family renter -occupied 1,1519 1,99510 73.3 Duplex renter -occupied units 1,41611 1,21712 -14.1 Multi -family renter -occupied units 5,87813 7,70214 31.0 Renter -occupied mobile homes 4815 7616 58.3 Total Renter -FIT9-3-- TOTAL HOUSING UNITS 15,470 19,829 29.2 1. 1970 Census of Housing, Table 53. I 2. Homestead exemptions claimed in 1981 (7,834) minus owner -occupied duplex units (484) and condominiums (490). 3. Table 53 - All 1 -unit attached, 3-4 unit structure owner -occupied, and 5 or more unit structure owner -occupied were classed as condominiums. 4. No one source was available to estimate the number of condominiums since building permits for condominiums are included in the "multi -family housing" category and cannot be differentiated from apartments. Thus, a number of sources were contacted to estimate the number of condominiums built since 1970 which is estimated to be 239. S. Table 53 (376) plus a percentage of the unoccupied units (19). 6. N of units in 1970 plus the additional owner -occupied units constructed between 1970 and 1981 (inclusive). Of the units constructed from 1975 to i 1981, 190 were rental and 62 owner -occupied. The same ratio (75% renter and 25% owner) was applied to the 108 units constructed 1970-74, yielding a total of 271 rental units (190 + 81) and 89 owner -occupied units. This figure of 89 was added to the 1970 total, yielding 484. 7. Table 53. 40 8. See Note 16. 9. Table 53. 10. The number of single-family owner -occupied structures at the end of 1981 would be the sum of units existing in 1970 (5694) plus units constructed between 1970 and 1981 (2144) minus demolitions (114) and conversions (approx. 20), yielding a total of 7704. However, since the total number of single-family owner -occupied units has been estimated to be 6860 about 844 units (7704-6860) must have been converted to rental use. It will be assumed that all 844 of these structures are rented as single-family homes and that none have been illegally converted to apartments. Thus, the total number of single family rental units is 1995 (1151 + 844). 11. Table 53. 12. About 271 units were constructed between 1970 and 1981. However, during this same time period 235 duplex structures were demolished (470 units), resulting in a net loss of 199 units from 1970. 13. Table 53. Defined as rental units in a structure containing 3 or more units. 14. Two methods were used to estimate the number of multi -family units. Using the first method the number of units in 1970 was estimated to be 5878 (Census). To this base figure were added the number of building permits granted for multi -family housing between 1970 and 1981 (2567) and the number of conversions (60). The number of demolitions (423) was subtracted out, resulting in a net figure of 8082 units. The second method utilized an inventory compiled in 1980 entitled "Multiple Dwelling Unit Complexes in the Iowa City/Coralville Urbanized Area." The number of units in the inventory was added up (7367). The estimated number of units constructed since 1980 was then added to this figure (292), resulting in a total of 7659 units. Both of these methods have flaws. The first method is likely to overcount due to reliance on building permit data (some units may never have been built) and the unreliable data on demolitions and conversions. The second method is likely to undercount, since many apartment units may simply have been missed by the 1980 study. The first method is probably more accurate than the second. For the purposes of this study the number of multi -family units has been computed by averaging the figures yielded by the two methods, giving twice as much weight to the first as to the second. The resulting figure is 7941. Since the Iowa City multi -family building permit figures include owner - occupied units such as townhouses and condominiums, these (239) must be subtracted out of the total figure of 7941, leaving 7702 multi -family rental units. 15. Table 53. Of the mobile homes in 1970, about 637 were owner -occupied and 48 renter -occupied. i MICROFILMED BY -� I _l_ -JOR M- "-MIC Rf�LAW CEDAR RAPIDS DES MOINES Tr r-. I 41 16. Survey of mobile home parks and the R.L. Polk Directory. Although owners of mobile home parks deny the existence of renter -occupied units in their lots, there are probably a few. It has been assumed that the same ratio of owner/renter structures which existed in 1970 (7% rental units) persists and that 76 of the mobile homes are rental units. The total number of mobile homes is estimated to be 1081. Relationship to Census Data - The total number of units counted by the 1980 Census was 19,235. The base figure used in this study for the total number of units is 19,829. This figure is substantially higher than the Census figure for two reasons. First, in the two years since the Census was undertaken building permits for an additional 463 units of housing have been granted. Second, when the Census was taken in 1980 major projects such as Ecumenical Housing (81 units) and the Capitol House Apartments (80 units) had not been completed. Adding these units (624) to the Census base figure of 19,235 yields a total of 19,859 units. The discrepancy between this figure and the figure used in the study (19,829) is almost nil. jrI j MICROFILMED BY _1 JORM--MIC LEDAR RAr1D5 •DES MOINES y6 I L I I ~� l 1..1 f V� I r .. r-. I 41 16. Survey of mobile home parks and the R.L. Polk Directory. Although owners of mobile home parks deny the existence of renter -occupied units in their lots, there are probably a few. It has been assumed that the same ratio of owner/renter structures which existed in 1970 (7% rental units) persists and that 76 of the mobile homes are rental units. The total number of mobile homes is estimated to be 1081. Relationship to Census Data - The total number of units counted by the 1980 Census was 19,235. The base figure used in this study for the total number of units is 19,829. This figure is substantially higher than the Census figure for two reasons. First, in the two years since the Census was undertaken building permits for an additional 463 units of housing have been granted. Second, when the Census was taken in 1980 major projects such as Ecumenical Housing (81 units) and the Capitol House Apartments (80 units) had not been completed. Adding these units (624) to the Census base figure of 19,235 yields a total of 19,859 units. The discrepancy between this figure and the figure used in the study (19,829) is almost nil. jrI j MICROFILMED BY _1 JORM--MIC LEDAR RAr1D5 •DES MOINES y6 I CORALVILLE HOUSING ESTIMATES j 19701 19822 % Change I Owner -occupied Single-Finaily Homes 642 8553 33.2 t Condominiums 9 535 488.9 owner -occupied Duplex units 34 1343 294.1 J . Owner -occupied Mobile Homes 37 2597 600.0 -812 Total owner -occupied units 322 1301 Renter -occupied Single -Family homes 195 2104 7.7 ! Renter -occupied Duplex units 91 2864 214.3 77 Renter -occupied Multi -Family units 1141 17666 54.8 Renter -occupied Mobile Homes 25 337 32.0 Total renter -occupied units _ I Total housing units 2174 3596 65.4 1Tables 028, 030, 031, and 044 of the fifth Count 1970 Census for Enumeration — it Districts 11, 15, 62, 63, 64 and 65 were used. Note: 30 units (19 in E.D. 14 and 11 in E.D. 63B) were not included, since no — census data was available for these units. i 2Figures were compiled for January 1982 by using the County Assessor figures for - January 1981 (the latest available) and adding the number of building permits issued by the Coralville building official through December 1981. Also added to E the totals were 14 single-family houses and 36 duplexes for which building permits were issued in 1980, but which were apparently not completed by January — 1981. 3The 1981 County Assessor figures list a total of 1218 single-family and duplex E — structures. A duplex is counted as a single structure by the Assessor. The Coralville Building Official issued 226 single-family and 248 duplex permits between 1970 and January 1981. Adding these totals to the 1970 totals (dividing -- number of duplex units by two) results in a total of 1250 single-family and duplex structures. It was therefore assumed that 32 structures had not been completed by January 1981 and were not part of the County Assessor figures. Using the ratio for duplex/single-family building permits issued in 1980, it was assumed that only three single-family and five duplex structures were completed by January 1981 (see N2 above). Using the building permit and 1970 census I MICROFILMED BY L " DORMEl 1 CEDAR RAPIDS • DES DES MO ROI YES e I 43 _ figures, it was calculated that of 1218 structures, 1039 were single-family and 170 (340) were duplexes; 9 condominiums were also included in this total. In order to determine the number of owner -occupied single-family and duplex units, the County Assessor's Homestead Exemption figures were used. A total of 878 Homestead Exemptions were claimed for single-family, duplex, and condominium structures. According to the Coralville Building Official, of the new duplexes constructed since 1970, only zero lot line structures are owner - occupied. It was therefore calculated that 34 (1970), plus 46 zero lot line (new) duplex units, or 40 duplex structures were owner -occupied, as well as 9 condominiums (see footnote M5). Thehe ring 829 units were therefore assumed to be owner -occupied single-family structures. All single-family structures for which building permits were issued in 1981 were assumed to be owner - occupied. For the additional duplex units for which permits were issued, all zero lot lines (54) were assumed to be owner -occupied, and the rest (26) renter - occupied. 4Using the totals for single-family and duplex structures, the number of renter - occupied units was calculated by subtracting the owner -occupied units. 50uring 1981, 44 multifamily units were converted to condominiums, These would not have been included in the January 1981 Homestead Exemptions. The 9 condominiums listed for 1970 would have claimed Homestead Exemptions and were therefore included in the calculations described in footnote N3. 6Renter-occupied multifamily units were calculated by adding the number of i units for which building permits were issued for 1970 through 1981 to the .. existing units in 1970. (No demolitions occurred during that time.) The number of units converted to condominiums (44) was subtracted from this total. ._ 70wners of Western Hills Estates, Coral Trailer Park, and Park Mobile Home Park were contacted to obtain numbers of owner -occupied and renter -occupied mobile homes. 4 i ,l i.: r MICROFILBED BY _JORM--MIC R4 LXEI 1 f CEDAR RAPIDS DES MOIYES I ! m7J 1 01 I -- ESTIMATES �J 19822 rI' L owner -occupied single family homes 298 327 L Condominiums 0 d 0 Owner-oacupied duplex units 0 s 0 Owner -occupied mobile homes 0 0 0 Total owner -occupied 298 327 10.6 Single-family renter -occupied 33 33 0 Duplex renter -occupied 9 9 0 Multifamily renter -occupied 94 a 0 Renter -occupied mobile home 0 0 0 e 136 y i �i k f i. - 44 UNIVERSITY HEIGHTS HOUSING ESTIMATES 19701 19822 % change owner -occupied single family homes 298 327 10.6 Condominiums 0 0 0 Owner-oacupied duplex units 0 0 0 Owner -occupied mobile homes 0 0 0 Total owner -occupied 298 327 10.6 Single-family renter -occupied 33 33 0 Duplex renter -occupied 9 9 0 Multifamily renter -occupied 94 94 0 Renter -occupied mobile home 0 0 0 Total renter -occupied 136 136 0 TOTAL HOUSING UNITS 434 463 6.7 1. 1970 Census 2. Total units in University Heights increased from 434 in 1970 to 463 in 1980, an increase of only 29 units. The breakdown of renter -occupied units might be slightly inaccurate since no detailed census breakdown was available. According to the 1980 Census, there was no change in the total number of renter -occupied units between 1970 and 1980. T 0 MICROFIL14ED BY _I - ��,.-" I 'JORr.A--MECR#LAB- -.. LCEDAR RAPIDS • DES MOINES I 45 _ Place of Residence of Unfversit of Iowa Students 1 -- 1969-70 and 1981-82 Type of 1969-70 1981-82 i Residence M Students % Total N Students % Total � J ; \ Residence Halls 5174 25.6 5617 21.2 _ - Married Student 1167 5.8 945 3.6 ! Housing i Fraternities/ 1437 7.1 1465 5.5 - Sororities 1 Off -Campus (I.C., 8989 44.4 14,701 55.6 Coralville, U Hts.) Commuting 2205 10.9 2814 10.6 J No Infonsation 620 3.0 324 1.2 Living at Horne I.C. 644 3.2 598 2.3 III J j TOTAL 20,236 100 26,464 100 I ! Source: University of Iowa, Office of the Coordinator of Institutional Data. s. ; 11 I; 0 MICROFIL14ED BY _I - ��,.-" I 'JORr.A--MECR#LAB- -.. LCEDAR RAPIDS • DES MOINES 46 OWNERSHIP OF RENTAL PROPERTIES WITH 8 OR MORE UNITS CONSTRUCTED 1975-81 ! OWNER Albertson, Gary and Garry Hamdorf Amerex Corp., Iva Hilleman A.U.R. A.U.R. A.U.R. A.U.R. A.U.R. A.U.R. A.U.R. A.U.R. A.U.R. A.U.R. I A.U.R. A.U.R. A.U.R. Autumn Park of Iowa City Bardach, Janusz -' Bender, Bob Capitol States Association Chung, Mwan Jo & Albert Mayoon Kwak Devlin and Hayes �. Ecumenical Housing of Iowa City iiFountain, Paul Governor Properties I�Hilgenberg, Jerry Hilgenberg, Jerry & Richard Hansen Jacobsen, Glenn Kacena, James (Hawkeye Management) Kondora, George Miller, Jim I ADDRESS OF UNIT 374, 382, 390 Westgate 200-300 Haywood Dr. 333 E. Church 806 E. College 923 E. College 100 E. Court 427 S. Johnson 433 S. Johnson 520 S. Johnson 316-318 Ridgeland 436 S. Van Buren 504 S. Van Buren 510 S. Van Buren 924 E. Washington 932 E. Washington 3042 Muscatine & 913 Willow 415 S. Van Buren 2432 Petsel 320 S. Dubuque 416 S. Linn 3455 E. Court 2430 Muscatine 326 E. Washington 218 S. Lucas 831 E. Jefferson 816 Oakcrest 1012 E. Burlington 718 Oakcrest 1124 Oakcrest 1108 Oakcrest 1100 Oakcrest N UNITS DEVELOPER 36 MacBride Addition 24 14 26 12 96 9 8 8 24 8 8 8 8 8 64 18 Southgate Development 10 Merlin Hamm Construction 81 24 4, 166-197 12 Plum Grove Acres 24 72 8 18 9 Iowa City Development 12 4, 226-229 12 Iowa City Development 12 Beeler Development 12 Beeler Development 12 Beeler Development MICROFILMED BY �.---•�` DORM'"MIC R#LAff /I CEDAR RAPIDS DES MOINES I Y6 i I i 47 OWNERSHIP OF RENTAL PROPERTIES WITH 8 OR MORE UNITS CONSTRUCTED 1975-81 Continued I ^' OWNER N.C. Lours & MWC Construction North Bay Co. i North Bay Co. -! Oakes, Dean Petersen, Dennis Public Housing Smith, Kenneth (Superior Concrete) SMD Partnership Strolt Properties Strolt Properties Sundberg & Walters J Teger, Terry University Lake Apts. JTerrance Williams Wolf, Bob & Erma j Yoder, Earl Ziock, Richard L ADDRESS OF UNIT 520 Foster Road 1800 Calvin Ct. 1801 & 3 Calvin Ct. 522 E. Burlington 116 Oakcrest 1926 & 1946 Broadway 511 S. Johnson 1956 Broadway 708 Oakcrest 415 Woodside Drive 411 Scott Blvd. 203 River 851-55-77 Woodside Dr. 1014 Oakcrest 840 Maggard 902-904 N. Dodge 207 Myrtle N UNITS DEVELOPER 12 Associated Services 23 MacBride Addition 23 MacBride Addition 12 5, 770, 247 12 Beeler Development 18 Southgate Development 12 36 12 Iowa City Development 12 12 Plum Grove Acres 10 5, 222 30 12 Beeler Development 18 29 29 i141CROFILMED BY I L. -JOfiM'"MIC R+LA e'_ - - - CEDAR RAPIDS . DES MOINES for T f i+ Lj 48 Survey on Multi -Family Housing Needs 1. Name: (Check one or more: Owner Address: Developer Phone: Contractor _- 2. How many multi -family rental units have you developed/constructed during the past ten (10) years? (print number) 3a. How many of these units which you have developed/constructed during the past ten years are located within ONE MILE of the central business district? (print number) Who rents these units? (Indicate approximate percentage for each category. Total should equal 100%.) % students % families % elderly -other b. Now many of the units which you have developed/constructed during the past ten years are located MORE THAN ONE MILE from the central business district? (print number) Who rents these units? (Indicate approximate percentage for each category. Total should equal 100%.) % students % families %elderly o 4. How many multi -family apartment units do you own or have some financial interest in? (print number) How many of these units are currently vacant? Int number) S. Now long does it take (on average) to find a new tenant for a unit once notice has been given? 1 day 2-3 days 4-7 days 8-14 days more than two weeks 6. What is the present need for additional multi -family rental housing units in Iowa City? Great Moderate Small None Please explain your answer A 'r 49 7. What will be the need for additional multi -family rental units over the next 10-15 years? Great Moderate Small None What factors have you considered in making this assessment? The present demand for rental units Rents Current and future University enrollments Iowa City population projections I _ Housing affordability Other (Explain) 8. In multi -family housing do you see a demand for condominiums as well as rental units? Please explain. %i r 9. Which of the factors listed below will be most important in determining the C number of multifamily rental units which you would like to build in the next 5-10 years? Please number those which apply, in order of importance. a k High interest rates = Difficulty securing financing L Lack of demand for new multi -family housing Lack of profit in multi -family housing development Projected declines in University enrollment -Insufficient land available for multifamily housing development Insufficient City sewer capacity Land zoned for multifamily housing is not in appropriate locations ! Unwieldy local regulations ti Other _ None of the above Please elaborate on your answers f a ! ! i i - Y6 ` MICROFILM 6Y _l `-I-CEDAR JORM--'MICROC ALi-f RAPIDS • DES MOINES / i / / I II r' F 50 10. Assuming that there is a need for more multi -family rental housing, what policies could the City adopt to increase the number of multi -family units in Iowa City? Industrial Revenue Bonds for multi -family housing Low-interest loan program for multifamily housing development _, Zone additional vacant land for multifamily housing (please elaborate below on locations) Change the zoning ordinance, subdivision ordinance, or other regulations (please elaborate below) Change City policies regarding sewer hookups, extensions, etc. Other (please explain) Do you have any additional comments? J J t P Y 1 1 f I I 6 I I s II '1 x � ; I; f I' F 50 10. Assuming that there is a need for more multi -family rental housing, what policies could the City adopt to increase the number of multi -family units in Iowa City? Industrial Revenue Bonds for multi -family housing Low-interest loan program for multifamily housing development _, Zone additional vacant land for multifamily housing (please elaborate below on locations) Change the zoning ordinance, subdivision ordinance, or other regulations (please elaborate below) Change City policies regarding sewer hookups, extensions, etc. Other (please explain) Do you have any additional comments? 6. Number of units which respondents have some financial interest in - 852. Number of vacant units - 20 Vacancy rate (6 units subtracted since owner indicated units just being finished) 14/852 = 1.6% 7. Average number of days needed to rent vacant unit - 9 days. Median time needed to rent vacant units - 8-14 days. B. The current need for additional multifamily housing units can best be described as "moderate" to "small". The variation among responses was fairly large: Great - 2 Moderate 51 i . Small RESPONSE TO THE SURVEY ON MULTIFAMILY HOUSING NEEDS 1. over the last ten ears - 1241. Total number of units developed/constructedY i _. 2. Mean number of units developed - 54. -: 3. Median number of units developed - 25. ' 4. Total number of units developed/constructed within one mile of the Central Business District - 348*. Rented to students: 69% (174) Rented to families: 14% ( 36) Rented to elderly: 3% ( 6) J; Rented to 'other": 14% ( 34) 5. Total number of units developed more than one mile from the Central Business District - 893*. — Rented to students: 47% (414) Rented to families: 31% (278) Rented to elderly: 9% ( 79) _! I Rented to 'other": 13% (116) i _ 6. Number of units which respondents have some financial interest in - 852. Number of vacant units - 20 Vacancy rate (6 units subtracted since owner indicated units just being finished) 14/852 = 1.6% 7. Average number of days needed to rent vacant unit - 9 days. Median time needed to rent vacant units - 8-14 days. B. The current need for additional multifamily housing units can best be described as "moderate" to "small". The variation among responses was fairly large: Great - 2 Moderate - 12 Small - 5 None - 3 *Totals below do not equal this figure due to missing information on surveys. 111CROFILMED BY r JORIVI-MIC R6C-,40-` ---1-, CEDAR RAPIDS DES MOINES I .J N6 52 9. The need for additional multi -family housing units over the next 15 years can best be described as "moderate". Some respondents seemed to think that _ construction activity now may be slow but could pick up. The response was: _ Great - 3 Moderate - 12 — Small - 5 None - 1 _ 10. Of the respondents who mentioned condominiums, most thought there was a definite demand for condominiums due to housing affordability, need for condominiums for the young and elderly, preference of persons to purchase rather than rent, and land availability. Two respcndents thought that there would be some demand for condominiums and one respondent saw no need for condominiums. �_ 11. In order to gauge the importance of the factors which may determine the number of multi -family units built in the next 5-10 years, points were assigned to the respondents' answers. Three points were given to the most important factor, 2 points for the next most important factor, and 1 point for the third most important factor. Based on this analysis, the factors I; received the following number of points: High interest rates- 39 Difficulty securing financing- 15 -; Lack of demand for new multi- family housing- 15 Unwieldy local regulations - 15 Lack of profit in multifamily Ll housing development- 15 Land zoned for multi -family housing not in appropriate locations- 9 " Insufficient land available for multifamily housing development- 9 Projected declines in University enrollment- 9 Insufficient City sewer capacity- 3 li b Clearly, high interest rates and difficulty securing financing were the factors considered most important (54 points) by developers/contractors in determining the number of multi -family units which they would like to M build. Factors which the City can conceivably alter, such as lack of land zoned for multifamily housing, the location of this land, and "unwieldy" government regulations were also considered important factors (33 points �! combined). Clearly the lack of demand, lack of profit in multi -family housing and declining University enrollments were also a concern (39 points combined) although projected declines in University enrollments were not seen as an important obste.-le. Insufficient City sewer capacity was rarely mentioned (3 points) as a hindrance to multi -family housing development. 1 i 141CROFILI4ED BY "-JORNIM IC R#CAEi` CEDAR RAPIDS DES MOINES i i i I I I-1 53 12. Of the policies which the City could adopt to increase the number of multi- family housing units, each was mentioned with nearly equal frequency. There seem to be no obvious preference among the respondents as to what should be done. 13. Comments by developers on the location of future housing units were basically in agreement with the intent of the Iowa City Comprehensive Plan to encourage infill development. Since the demand for multifamily rental units is highest in the central city area (see Rental Housing Survey), and, since the location of high density housing close to the city's center and the University is obviously advantageous particularly from the standpoint of transportation and energy savings, zoning parts of the central city area for high density housing should be implemented.. The area bounded by Clinton and Capitol Streets between the Courthouse and the railroad tracks, North Dubuque Street possibly as far north as Interstate 80, West Benton Street south of Greenwood Drive, and the Market Street area west of Johnson Street were suggested as areas suitable for the development of high density housing. However, the development of high rise multi -family structures in Iowa City is not favored by developers/contractors. The reasons given are the high cost of construction of such buildings and the lack of expertise in building such structures in Iowa City. Land costs are still sufficiently low that the importing of out-of-town or out-of-state contractors to construct high rises is not cost efficient. II MICROFILMED BY ! L.._ JORM--MICR#LAB_ I CEDAR RAPIDS DES MOINES I 1 i 0/6 l r f 5 f �I I L I `I 53 12. Of the policies which the City could adopt to increase the number of multi- family housing units, each was mentioned with nearly equal frequency. There seem to be no obvious preference among the respondents as to what should be done. 13. Comments by developers on the location of future housing units were basically in agreement with the intent of the Iowa City Comprehensive Plan to encourage infill development. Since the demand for multifamily rental units is highest in the central city area (see Rental Housing Survey), and, since the location of high density housing close to the city's center and the University is obviously advantageous particularly from the standpoint of transportation and energy savings, zoning parts of the central city area for high density housing should be implemented.. The area bounded by Clinton and Capitol Streets between the Courthouse and the railroad tracks, North Dubuque Street possibly as far north as Interstate 80, West Benton Street south of Greenwood Drive, and the Market Street area west of Johnson Street were suggested as areas suitable for the development of high density housing. However, the development of high rise multi -family structures in Iowa City is not favored by developers/contractors. The reasons given are the high cost of construction of such buildings and the lack of expertise in building such structures in Iowa City. Land costs are still sufficiently low that the importing of out-of-town or out-of-state contractors to construct high rises is not cost efficient. II MICROFILMED BY ! L.._ JORM--MICR#LAB_ I CEDAR RAPIDS DES MOINES I 1 i 0/6 l w==J HOUSING VACANCY QUESTIONNAIRE Location Zone Phone Source LL MOR TEN Persons Allowed. Ave. Length of TYpe # of Units Per Unit Rent Vacancies Z Vacancies sleeping room efficiency I bedroom 2 bedroom 3+ Bedroom Other Locations Notes MICROFILMED BY -JOFVM ---- MICR #Cx8 CEDAR RAPIDS • DES MOINES f 55 DWELLING UNIT CAPACITY AND DEVELOPABILITY OF EXISTING VACANT LAND ZONED R3, R3A, R3B (January 1982) INTRODUCTION This portion of the housing market analysis details the developability of existing, vacant land zoned for multi -family use. The amount of vacant land and the number of potential multi -family units are estimated in two ways: a) assuming a new sewage treatment plant is constructed and b) assuming only existing sewer capacity. METHODOLOGY Using the current zoning map, all vacant parcels of land zoned R3, R3A, or R38 were identified. In addition, one vacant parcel in a CBS zone was included in the study because this parcel is about to be developed for multi -family use. Vacant land in platted subdivisions was also identified and the number of units proposed by the developer noted. In some cases this included land zoned RIB where a PAD with some multi -family units has been approved. In other cases, estimates were made of the number of additional units likely to be constructed on the remaining vacant land. For each parcel, ownership, location, zoning, size, topography, soils, availability of sewer and water, distance from the Old Capitol, and any other special features were determined. Estimation of Potential Number of Units Per Parcel For each parcel of vacant land that did not have an approved plan (PAD and/or LSRO), the number of units likely to be built was estimated, rather than the maximum number of units permitted. This was done because a survey of the multi- family housing constructed over the past five years showad that the maximum permitted density was rarely achieved, particularly in R3A and R3B zones. For all parcels more than 3 acres in size, it was assumed that 20% of the total area would be required for roads. The net buildable area was therefore considered to be 80% of the total parcel area. For parcels less than 3 acres, the total land area was used for density calculations. A survey of recent multi -family construction showed that in R3A zones the average density is 33 DU/A (maximum permitted density is 44 DU/A). In R3 zones the average density is 13 DU/A (maximum permitted density is 14 DU/A). These figures (33 for R3A and 13 for R3) were used as multipliers in calculating the likely number of units per parcel. The density of recent construction in R38 zones is variable, and no average density was computed for this zone. This study identifies only one vacant parcel zoned R3B; there is an approved plan for this parcel with a specified number of units to be constructed. A multiplier was therefore not used for this zone. lr� MICROFILMED BY 11. -D - _7 .. ORM-M IC RICA B'- CEDAR RAPIDS • DES MOINES I� '/6 i 56 Developability of Vacant Land For each parcel of land the topography, soils, access, availability of sewer and water, and other significant features were investigated. These parameters were -_ used to estimate the possibility of development during a) the next 10 years, b) some time beyond the next 10 years. (The 10 year cut-off was used, because that appears to be the earliest that a new sewage treatment plant is likely to be functioning.) All parcels can be considered to be adequately serviced for water. The developability of the soils on the vacant land ranges from good to poor; however, it appears that in no case would the nature of the soil limit development of the land. (The reason is that soil ratings are linked to topography and drainage. Where a soil rating is "poor", it is almost always because of the steep slope of the land. It is the general experience in Iowa City that steep slopes are either bulldozed, in which case the soil rating improves to fair or good, or the steep area is left as open space and a PAD is developed to permit clustering of buildings. Similarly, poorly drained soils are not widely dispersed in this area and very rarely, if ever, prevent development.) The following summary indicates the impediments to the development of each parcel. The chief impediments are topography, access, location and availability of sewer. Where these parameters are not specifically mentioned in the summary, ` it can be assumed that they are adequate. -j The approximate location and various specifics regarding size, zoning, etc. for each parcel are presented on Table I. The attached map also indicates the location of the vacant parcels. I� {..1 "I �i M r 1 MICROFIL14ED BY -� JORM"--MICR(OLAB CEDAR RAPIDS DES MOINES V4 0 57 Impediments to the Development of Vacant Land Parcel 1a (Court Hill -Scott Boulevard Addition, Part 6) This parcel has been approved for development. The terrain ranges from gentle to severe slopes and the parcel is located approximately three miles from the center of town. These factors have led the developer to plan for relatively low density housing, which he feels will appeal to young families and couples. Development Possibilities: Good; likely during the next 10 years. Parcel lb Adjacent to Parcel la and also owned by Plum Grove Acres, Inc. No plat has yet been submitted for this parcel. Terrain and distance contraints are similar to 1 a. Development Possibilities: Fair; contingent on the construction of Scott Boulevard. Parcel 2 This parcel consists of two very long narrow properties east of Memory Gardens Cemetery and north of Muscatine Avenue. Approximately one-third of each parcel is zoned C2. The shape of the parcels alone creates a development problem. In addition, part of both properties lie in the Ralston Creek floodplain. There is also no access to the parcels from Friendship Avenue at this time. The properties are located a considerable distance Rig miles) from the University of Iowa Pentacrest. Development Possibilitios: Fair. Unlikely to be developed in the next 10 years. Parcel 3 This is, the largest tract of undeveloped R3A land within the city limits. The existing sewer system is inadequate to 'service this area. The City is currently in litigation with the Bjornson Investment Company (owner of the property) over the provision of sewer service to the land. This parcel also lies on the outskirts of the City. Development Possibilities: Unlikely until new sewage treatment plant and new east side sewer are in place. Parcel 4 (Cedarwood Apartments) No impediments to development. Development Possibilities: These apartments will be constructed shortly. i MICROFILMED BY J0RM___MICR6L,46-- CEDAR RAPIDS DES M019ES JI T� 0 I I. r I i E_ I I M 58 Parcel Sa (Part of Walden Wood Subdivision?) This parcel has some limitations for development because of the terrain and the projected use of the Willow Creek floodplain as a storm water detention basin for the developments to the north. However, the soils and slopes will permit development with a PAD. The Walden Wood Subdivision to the south is planned for development in the 1990's. Development Possibilities: Good; could be developed within the next 10 years. Parcel 5b (Aspen Lake Subdivision) A preliminary and final plat for Aspen Lake Subdivision has been approved. Problems of access and stormwater detention appear to have been resolved. Although a total of 145 units could be constructed on the site, the actual number is likely to be less because of severe terrain constraints. It is expected that a PAD will be submitted on Lot 6 of this subdivision, and staff has reviewed some initial proposals. Development possibilities: Good; development likely in the next 10 years. Parcel 6 (Part of Bryn Mawr Heights Addition Part XIII) With the completion of Sunset Street to Highway 1, impediments to development of this parcel have been removed. The final plat for this area has been approved. Development Possibilities: Good; likely within the next 10 years. Parcel 7a (Benton Manor Apartments) A plan for this development has been approved. Development Possibilities: Good; possible in the next 10 years. Parcel 7b The remaining R3A land in this area has some access and terrain problems. No development plans are known for the area. Development possibilities: Fair; could be developed within the next 10 years. Parcel 8 This flat to gently sloping parcel is bounded by a deep ravine to the rear. There appear to be no other impediments to development. Development Possibilities: Good; likely within the next 10 years. Parcel 9 (Neuzil Tract) This parcel of land is currently landlocked since University Heights has objected to granting access via any of the three roads which go through University Heights. The tract is owned by the Neuzil family, and is unlikely to be developed while the elderly owners are alive. However, access problems could MICROFILMED BY I—JORM - -r-AICR# AH– CEDAR RAPIDS DES M014ES i fl6 NWA n i I i — I S - J t _I 1 e I 59 be resolved quickly, since University Heights would be required to permit access over one road to this property which is in Iowa City. Two ravines cross the Property, which would most likely be developed with a PAD. Proximity to the Hospitals and west campus favor early multi -family development. Development Possibilities: Good; could be developed within the next 10 years under appropriate conditions. Parcel 10 This is a single lot on Highway 6/218 which is currently for sale. The lot was previously rented out for student parking. There are no impediments to development other than the noisy location. Proximity of this parcel to the hospitals makes it a likely candidate for early development. Development Possibilities: Very good; likely to be developed within next 10 years. Parcel 11 This parcel of land just north of the Mayflower Apartments has severe impediments to development. The terrain is extremely steep, and unless there is massive excavation, it will be difficult to provide adequate parking, even if a highrise apartment complex is built into the hill. The owner, (Bruce Glasgow) envisions a hillside development sometime in the future, with extra parking possibly provided off Taft Speedway. Development Possibilities: Fair; unlikely to be developed within the next 10 years. Parcel 12 A proposal to develop this tract was not approved several years ago. At that time, the residents of Prairie du Chien Road petitioned against the development because of increased traffic. The construction of Foster Road could relieve this problem in the future. However, there are also severe problems with topography; deep ravines cross the property making development expensive even with a PAD. Development possibilities: Fair; unlikely to be developed within the next 10 years. Parcel 13 This parcel has recently been rezoned to R3. The assumption is that the University Baptist Church, which owns this property, plans to sell it for development. There are no impediments to immediate development of the site. Development Possibilities: Very good; likely to develop within next 10 years. Parcel 14 (Ralston Creek Village) This parcel, zoned CBS, is being developed for multi -family housing, and is therefore included. Severe impediments to development of this parcel have been If IIt i 141CROFILMED BY -1 JORM--- MICR#LAn— 111 CEDAR RAPIDS • DES M01ME5 j 116 G i �r 4 IBJ l 7 u I Y 60 4 IBJ l 7 u in 0 overcome. The whole parcel is in the flood plain, and structures will have to be built on mounds. In addition a variance was granted for the parking area, to' permit parking within 30 feet of the creek bank. Development Possibilities: These units are under construction. Parcel 15 (Regency Apartments) Lying just south of the Westwinds development half of this parcel has been approved as a PAD. The other half of the tract lies several feet lower, but no impediments to its development are seen. Development Possibilities: Good; likely in next 10 years. Parcel 16 (University Lake Apts.) To date 30 of the proposed 60 units have been completed. Development Possibilities: Very good within the next 10 years. Parcel 17 (Court Hill -Scott Boulevard Addition) This parcel was recently rezoned from R1A to R3A. Its development is contingent on the construction of Scott Boulevard north of Court Street. Development Possibilities: Good; likely in next 10 years if Scott Blvd. is built. Parcel 18 (Arbor Hill) An approved PAD in an RIB zone on gently to severely sloping land. 24 of the proposed 66 units have been completed. Development Possibilities: Good; likely in next 10 years. Parcel 19 (Macbride Addition Part II) Also in an R18 zone, this approved PAD plans for 104 multi -family units. Development Possibilities: Good; likely in next 10 years. Parcel 20 (Ty'n Cae Parts I & II) This parcel in an RIB zone includes an approved PAD for 68 multi -family units. Eight of these units have been completed. Development Possibilities: Good; likely in next 10 years. MICROFILMED BY JORM`-MICR#CX13-_ CEDAR RAPIDS DES Id01YES Ij 446 1 i I Y � a.: i 1. in 0 overcome. The whole parcel is in the flood plain, and structures will have to be built on mounds. In addition a variance was granted for the parking area, to' permit parking within 30 feet of the creek bank. Development Possibilities: These units are under construction. Parcel 15 (Regency Apartments) Lying just south of the Westwinds development half of this parcel has been approved as a PAD. The other half of the tract lies several feet lower, but no impediments to its development are seen. Development Possibilities: Good; likely in next 10 years. Parcel 16 (University Lake Apts.) To date 30 of the proposed 60 units have been completed. Development Possibilities: Very good within the next 10 years. Parcel 17 (Court Hill -Scott Boulevard Addition) This parcel was recently rezoned from R1A to R3A. Its development is contingent on the construction of Scott Boulevard north of Court Street. Development Possibilities: Good; likely in next 10 years if Scott Blvd. is built. Parcel 18 (Arbor Hill) An approved PAD in an RIB zone on gently to severely sloping land. 24 of the proposed 66 units have been completed. Development Possibilities: Good; likely in next 10 years. Parcel 19 (Macbride Addition Part II) Also in an R18 zone, this approved PAD plans for 104 multi -family units. Development Possibilities: Good; likely in next 10 years. Parcel 20 (Ty'n Cae Parts I & II) This parcel in an RIB zone includes an approved PAD for 68 multi -family units. Eight of these units have been completed. Development Possibilities: Good; likely in next 10 years. MICROFILMED BY JORM`-MICR#CX13-_ CEDAR RAPIDS DES Id01YES Ij 446 1 i IOWA CITY Location of Vacant Land Rik R3, R3Af R30, Zones January 1984 IG lb .40m ��-- 141CROFILMED BY I- JoFf M--MICR#LAB CEDAR RAPIDS • DES M014ES ABILITY OF DEVELOPMENT I Yrs. Over 10 Yrs. x x•• x x N f 1 1 x x c, N l� V TABLE I VACANT LAND ZONED FOR MULTI -FAMILY HOUSING WITHIN I01A CITY CITY LIMITS PARCEL SIZE GENERAL NAME I' ACRES TION ZONING U6ITSa PLItTTEOMNDER CONSTRUCTION DISTANCE FROM PENTACREST POSSIBILITY OF DEVELOPMENT RiB R3A R38 R3 CBS 10 Yrs. Over 10 Yrs. 15 2.62 Most Regency Apts. 2.14 Most Regency Apts. 16 3.72 Most central University Lake Apts. R3 R3 RM 18 17 30 - - Platted Platted 3 miles 3 miles 1 mile X X X 17 1.6 East city limits Court Nill-Scott lvd. Addition R3A 53 - - 3 miles X•• = 3402 clude multi- mil structures in 18 zone years (without new sewer plant) = 1648 IBtluast Arbor Hill RIB 42 Platted (Part of PAD) 2.8 miles X 19t Mscbride Addition Pt. I I RIB 104 Platted (Part of PAD) 2.2 miles X 20t Ty'n Cae Pt. I and iI MWe RIB 60 Platted (Part of PAD) 3 miles X Kee n for estlr ion.acontstruction of Ott Boulevard. Total Acreages Total Vacant Land in Acres: RiB R3A R38 R3 CBS 16.07 103.5 3.64 39.79 2.5 = 165.5 acres Vacant land developable in next 10 yrs. = 99.45 acres Total potential # of multi -family units (with new sewer plant) = 3402 Potential units in next 10 years (without new sewer plant) = 1648 MICROFILMED By —I I !!! DORM" -MIC R#L/C B'- CEDAR RAPIDS • DES MOINES 1 ! 1 rn 64 Additional Information Land Use Analysis 1976 i i The i 1976) I Ji 64 Additional Information Land Use Analysis 1976 The Land Use Analysis for the Iowa City Comprehensive Plan (Background Report 1976) determined the total acres actually in multi -family use. This included land zoned R3, R3A and R38, as well as some land zoned CB or CBS, since there are a few multi -family structures in these zones. 1976 - Land actually in multi -family use = 245 acres 1976 - Land zoned R3, R3A and R38 = 830 acres 1976-81 - Additional land zoned R3, R3A and R3B = 14 acres 1981 - Land actually in multifamily use (approximate) = 286 acres (calculated by adding acreage of 1976-81 multi- family construction to 245) 1976 - Number of apartment units (approximate) = 5000 (excludes rooming houses, sororities, fraternities, etc.) 1981 - Number of apartment units = 6000 1981 - Number of units in rooming houses, sororities & fraternities = 1042 University of Iowa 1981 - Apartments & Trailers = 799 1981 - Dormitory rooms = 2600 _ (5600) (Dormitory beds) MICROFILMED BY I.LJORM-MICR#L—A --) CEDAR RAPIDS • DES MOINES (If i I A1v T. i n 65 Bibliography and Sources for Dwelling Unit Capacity Study i 1. Land Use Summary, Iowa City Plan. Dept. of Community Development 1977. 2. Soil/Land Use Suitability Chart. Dept. of Community Development 1976. i j 3. Preliminary Soils Report, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. Inventory and Evaluation. Soil and Mater Resources Iowa City Area 1974. 4. Housing and Inspection Department files (building permits, rental permits). 5. Department of Planning & Program Development files (subdivisions, variances, zoning change requests). 6. Study of potential population capacity using proposed zoning map. Monica �1 Moan. Summer 1980, Department of Planning and Program Devleopment. 7. Study of sewer capacity. Pam Myhre. January 1982, Department of Planning and Program Development. MICROFILMED BY NORM -MIC R�tiQ 6� --- I CEDAR RAPIDS DES MOIMES 0 41elc n r i! I F �f i ti MICROFILMED BY NORM -MIC R�tiQ 6� --- I CEDAR RAPIDS DES MOIMES 0 41elc n r L-� JORM MICROLAB 4 1 J W i 1 Y � • t I i JORM MICROLAB 4 1 J CITY CSF CIVIC C[_NfER 410 F. WASHINGTON ST January 4, 1983 IOWA CITY IOWA CITY. IOWA 52240 (319) 356-5CC O Mr. Allan C. Peremsky, President Armstrong's, Inc. 222 Third Avenue, S. E. Cedar Rapids, Iowa 52401 Re: Urban Renewal Parcel 64-1a/Department Store Site Dear Mr. Peremsky: It is with great reluctance that the City of Iowa City must take action to terminate Armstrong's designation as the preferred developer for Parcel 64-1a unless Armstrong's is able to take immediate and definitive action. Since 1979, when Armstrong's indicated its intent to locate on Parcel 64 - la, the City has attempted to accommodate your requests for assistance and bid extensions. In February 1982, the City engaged the services of Zuchelli, Hunter & Associates to act as liaison between the City and Armstrong's, especially with regard to the design aspects. When this parcel was put on the market, the prospectus and bid period even reflected Armstrong's desire for an expedited process. In addition, the City sent a financial analyst to Cedar Rapids to assist Armstrong's in the preparation of materials for potential investors and also made Donald Zuchelli available for consultation and advice on other financing issues. The City has incurred $14,000 of costs billable to the department store developer and $15,000 billable to the City. If Armstrong's is not able to act affirmatively on the Parcel 64-1a bid immediately, the City would greatly appreciate a prompt response so that j the City could terminate the preferred developer designation and proceed to determine whether rebidding would be desirable. In any case the City d will have to take action within the next 30 days. Thank you for your [ consideration of this request. If you have any questions, please contact i{ me, Sinc rely urs, i Neal G. Berlin City Manager 1 bdw/sp 4 cc: City Council John Hayek t41CR0F1U4ED BY -DORM--M4CR#LA"-- 111 ( CEDAR RAPIDS • DES MOINES I' V7 I