HomeMy WebLinkAboutHCDC 06.21.18 Packet Full
Agenda
Housing & Community Development
Commission (HCDC)
Thursday, June 21, 2018
6:30 P.M.
Senior Center, Room 202
28 S. Linn Street, Iowa City
Use the Washington Street entrance or
2nd floor skywalk via Tower Place parking garage
1. Call meeting to order
2. Approval of the May 24, 2018 minutes*
3. Public comment of items not on the agenda
4. Review and consider recommendation by the Aid to Agencies Subcommittee*
5. Affordable Housing Location Model Subcommittee Update
6. Discuss Guidelines for Religious Organizations
7. Review and consider recommendation of letter to City Council regarding
Johnson County SEATS and City Bus contracts*
8. Staff/commission comment
9. Adjournment*
* Indicates Action Item
If you will need disability-related accommodations to participate in this program or event, please
contact Kirk Lehmann at kirk-lehmann@iowa-city.org or 319-356-5230. Early requests are strongly
encouraged to allow sufficient time to meet your access needs.
Date: June 14, 2018
To: Housing and Community Development Commission (HCDC)
From: Neighborhood Service Staff
Re: June 21, 2018 meeting
The following is a short description of the agenda items. If you have any questions about the
agenda, or if you are unable to attend the meeting, please contact Kirk Lehmann at 319-356-
5247 or Kirk-Lehmann@Iowa-City.org.
Item 4: Review and consider recommendations by the Aid to Agencies
Subcommittee
An HCDC subcommittee has been reviewing the Aid to Agencies (A2A) allocation process.
A2A provides a predictable and stable funding source for nonprofit agencies, while also
providing an opportunity for new agencies to develop funding sources. The subcommittee has
drafted recommendations to balance both functions of A2A funds after soliciting feedback
from agencies. Please see the attached subcommittee meeting minutes, comments, and
recommendation memo.
Item 5: Affordable Housing Location Model Subcommittee Update
An HCDC subcommittee has begun reviewing the Affordable Housing Location Model
(AHLM) through the lens of potential racial equity impacts. This is an opportunity for the
subcommittee to update HCDC on this month’s discussions.
Item 6: Discuss Guidelines for Religious Organizations
HCDC showed interest in learning more about how grant funds can be used by religious
organizations. This will provide a brief overview on federal regulations and requirements for
allowable and nonallowable uses by religious organizations.
Item 7: Review and consider recommendation of letter to City Council regarding
Johnson County SEATS and City Bus contracts
HCDC has been asked to review and consider recommending the attached letter for
supporting late night and weekend bus service for upcoming Johnson County SEATS and
Iowa City Bus contracts.
Item 8: Staff/Commission Comment
MINUTES PRELIMINARY
HOUSING AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT COMMISSION
MAY 24, 2018 – 6:30 PM
EMMA HARVAT HALL, CITY HALL
MEMBERS PRESENT: Syndy Conger, Charlie Eastham, Vanessa Fixmer-Oraiz, Christine
Harms, Bob Lamkins, John McKinstry, Harry Olmstead, Maria Padron
Paula Vaughan
MEMBERS ABSENT:
STAFF PRESENT: Kirk Lehmann, Tracy Hightshoe, Erika Kubly
OTHERS PRESENT: Carla Phelps, Ashely Gillette, Roger Goedken, Ron Berg, Crissy
Canganelli, Megan Alter
RECOMMENDATIONS TO CITY COUNCIL:
By a vote of 9-0 the Commission recommends approval of the FY18 Annual Action Plan Amendment #2.
By a vote of 9-0 the Commission recommends approval of the FY19 Annual Action Plan to City Council,
subject to approving CDBG funding per the staff recommendation.
By a vote of 9-0 the Commission recommends approval of the FY19 Annual Action Plan to City Council,
subject to approving HOME funding per the staff recommendation.
CALL MEETING TO ORDER:
Olmstead called the meeting to order at 6:30 PM.
Olmstead mentioned that Alter will be new to the Commission starting in July.
APPROVAL OF THE APRIL 19, 2018 MINUTES:
Eastham moved to approve the minutes of April 19, 2018. Harms seconded the motion. A vote was
taken and the motion passed 7-0 (Conger and Lamkins not present for the vote).
PUBLIC COMMENT FOR TOPICS NOT ON THE AGENDA:
None
MONITORING REPORTS:
Habitat for Humanity (FY17 & FY18)
Lehmann shared a written report from Heath Brewer, the Executive Director, regarding the two projects
they are working on for FY17 & FY18. The FY17 project building is underway at 928 North Governor
Housing and Community Development Commission
May 24, 2018
Page 2 of 9
Street on a 1,400 square foot Cape Cod for a family of five. The walls are framed and the roof trusses
should be going on soon. The structure’s exterior should be complete in less than two weeks with total
project completion in mid-July. The buyers for this property is a family under 50% of the area median
income with both adults working for the Iowa City School District. All three children are school age and
attend area schools.
The FY18 project is at 2618 Blazing Star Drive, and the construction of that home will not begin until fall
2018 or spring 2019. There are a couple of approved applicants in mind for that project, both with families
of five.
Shelter House (FY17 FUSE)
Crissy Canganelli (Executive Director, Shelter House) distributed three handouts to the Commission
regarding the project. The Cross Park Place project is a two story building with 24 one-bedroom
apartments on Cross Park Avenue. There will be common space, offices and clinic space for behavioral
and health clinicians. The documents showed floor plans, an image of an interior of one of the un its and a
close-up of the design, and a summary of the admission criteria to identify and prioritize individuals for
these housing opportunities. The City of Iowa City committed $25,000 in CDBG Funds in FY17 towards
the land acquisition, and land was purchased in October 2016. Construction started in April 2018 with
McComas Lacina as the contractor, the Housing Fellowship as the development consultant, and
Neumann Munson Architects and HBK Engineering donating services as part of the development team.
Canganelli reported the construction is moving along well and the elevator is in. December 28, 2018 is
the expected completion date, which may be ambitious, with occupancy of the building in early January
2019. At this time, about 90% of the construction budget is funded, but the project came in over the
original estimate by about $500,000. Five out of the eleven entities that bid the project were all within
$20,000 to $30,000 of one another. Therefore, Canganelli stated she has some work to do to secure the
remaining funds for the construction and the furnishings not funded by the construction budget (they
intend on having the apartments fully furnished). With regards to the operations and services for the
project, they were awarded $233,000 through the Iowa Balance of State Continuum of Care towards the
operating budget which will help with the onsite supportive services. The building will be staffed 24/7 and
there is a partnership with the Iowa City Housing Authority who created a special admissions process
committing housing choice vouchers for the individuals in the project. They are also exploring funding for
evaluation at both pre and post housing outcomes for individuals.
Eastham asked if the project is eligible for additional HOME funds. Canganelli not ed that was a frustration
as they were awarded HOME funds and then were told by the Iowa Finance Authority they did not want
HOME funds in the project because of the award of the National Housing Trust Fund. Therefore ,
Canganelli said they declined the funds and now she believes the Iowa Finance Authority would not deny
the use of HOME funds at this time. She feels since this was the first time National Housing Trust Fund
dollars were being used the Iowa Finance Authority was taking a restrictive approach as to not complicate
their use of funds, but it left Shelter House in a very difficult situation.
Eastham asked if they will have to do private fundraising to secure the remaining funds. Canganelli said
her preference is not to do private fundraising, her intention is to go to The Housing Trust Fund of
Johnson County who has an application cycle due in June, apply for those funds.
Olmstead asked how much additional funding does the project need. Canganelli said the gap is
$450,000 to $550,000 for the construction.
Olmstead asked about the rules of the residents, if they would be same as Shelter House. Canganelli
said they are using a Housing First approach, a deconstructionist approach to homelessness and getting
people into housing and not requiring residents to be sober or following any compliance program, all
participation in services is voluntary on the part of the tenant. Housing First programs have been initiated
over the past 20 years, primarily on the east and west coasts, and this is the first for the State of Iowa and
they are targeting this housing opportunity for those chronically homeless individuals who are also
demonstrating frequent if not habitual utilization of local services (jail, emergency room, inpat ient
treatment, etc.). Canganelli explained the criteria for admission to Cross Park Place and the steering
Housing and Community Development Commission
May 24, 2018
Page 3 of 9
committee who will identify and prioritize residents. Olmstead asked if they will be working with Inside
Out. Canganelli said they are not part of the steering committee however they have shared information
between the two organizations. They would take individuals from the Inside Out program if they meet
criteria of chronically homeless and threshold for frequent services utilization.
Harms asked how long it is expected for a resident to live in the facility. Canganelli said it will be
permanent supportive housing for as long as a resident wants to live there, some may live out the rest of
their lives in the facility, and some will progress and be able to find other housing options in the
community and will be helped with that transition. Canganelli also added housing choice vouchers would
be made available for these residents with restrictions (other than federal mandated ones) lifted.
REVIEW AND CONSIDER RECOMMENDATION TO CITY COUNCIL ON APPROVAL OF FY18
ANNUAL ACTION PLAN AMENDMENT #2:
Lehmann stated this is regarding combining the Successful Living FY18 HOME allocation of $36,000 and
FY18 CDBG allocation of $51,000 into a single project to allow a larger down payment for purchasing a
property for affordable rental units. The result of this amendment would be a reduction in the number of
units created since the funds will purchase one property rather than two. Additionally, Successful Living
realized their North Johnson property had more significant issues than they originally thought , so the
$50,000 for rehabilitation is included in the amendment where they will just assist this one property more
substantially than originally proposed. Theref ore, instead of 27 rental units rehabilitated it will be 10 units
and the rental units acquired will be reduced to 8. If the Commission recommends City Council approve
this amendment, a 30-day comment period would begin so that City Council can act on this amendment
on July 3.
Eastham moved to recommend approval of the FY18 Annual Action Plan Amendment #2 to City
Council. Fixmer-Oraiz seconded.
Eastham thanked the staff for working with Successful Living on these proposed changes and scope of
this project.
A vote was taken and the motion passed 9-0.
REVIEW AND RECONSIDER RECOMMENDATION TO CITY COUNCIL ON APPROVAL OF FY19
ANNUAL ACTION PLAN – PLAN AVAILABLE ONLINE AT http://www.icgov.org/actionplan
Hightshoe stated there was good news; for the first time in several years, the City received a 36%
increase in HOME and a 16% increase in CDBG funds from HUD. Because that average s to more than a
20% change from the estimated allocations, the recommendation returns to the Commission for
reconsideration. The City now has 60 days to get the Annual Action Plan submitted to HUD which expires
on June 30. Therefore, City Council must approve the Plan at their May 29 meeting (as Council is not
meeting in June). Hightshoe also noted that Builders of Hope had a repayment of $70,000 so that added
to the increase in the allocation. Overall, there is an additional $67,000 to allocate in CDBG funds and
around $200,000 in HOME funds
Due to the quick turnaround, staff is providing a funding recommendation for HCDC to consider. For the
increase in CDBG funds, staff recommends allocating funding for the following projects:
• $16,000 in Aid to Agencies funds to Prelude Behavioral Services;
• $51,000 in Public Facilities funding to the unfunded Arthur Street Healthy Life Center project.
HCDC requested that the City grant them tax abatement, but because the project will not
substantially change the tax base at that location, it is most likely not a possibility.
For the increased HOME funds, staff recommends initiating another funding round immediately with
whatever funds are available after reevaluating the budget. While the round will not be completed before
June 30, staff can dedicate funds to the “Other Housing Activities” project to be administratively approved
once those activities are known, reviewed by HCDC, and approved by City Council.
Housing and Community Development Commission
May 24, 2018
Page 4 of 9
Olmstead noted he appreciates the staff recommendation but recalls there were several agencies that we
could not fund as much as they requested and feels some of those should be reviewed as well. Olmstead
listed the Crisis Center, the Domestic Violence Intervention Program, Free Lunch Program, Rape Victim
Advocacy Program, and Shelter House.
Lehmann asked if Olmstead was requesting that all the CDBG funds be allocated to Aid to Agencies. This
would not be allowed because there is a public service cap, so only $16,000 can go to Aid to Agency
funds. Olmstead feels the $16,000 should be spread over all the agencies.
Vaughn noted that Shelter House received the allocation they requested so should not be allocated a ny
further funds.
Eastham stated while he appreciates Olmstead’s opinion, he feels allocating the $16,000 to Prelude
Behavioral Services does make sense and to split that money amongst several agencies would not make
a significant impact on their overall budgets.
Harms agrees with Eastham and notes all the other agencies Olmstead mentioned did receive some
funding.
Lehmann read a written request received from Ron Berg of Prelude for additional funds to be directed to
Prelude to support their transitional housing services. “Prelude has enjoyed support from the City of Iowa
City for many years, managing a total loss of funds from a long-term supporter is difficult. In addition, we
are in the midst of an opioid epidemic and eliminating funds from the area community based addiction
treatment facility seems ill-advised at this point. Finally, there was concern during the initial review of the
funds that Prelude is a large agency and could absorb a funding cut, in response I would indicate we do
not yet have a reserve built to the recommended level for not-for-profit corporations and given the
financial stresses caused by Medicaid changes in Iowa and cannot reasonably accept any reductions in
funding.”
Ron Berg (Chief Executive Officer, Prelude) reiterated what he wrote in his statement and expanded that
a lot of agencies are under a lot of stress from reductions in a variety of different sources, the one that is
in the paper a lot lately is Medicaid and not only is it a declining funding source ther e are challenges in
getting paid for what they do. Also, Berg noted the funds provided by the City will be used to support the
transitional housing, they support 12 apartments and work closely with The Housing Authority on getting
housing vouchers for the families, but have found while they go through the process of getting the families
qualified for Section VIII that takes time so they have agreed to allow people to move into their
apartments during that application time and footing the bill until the Sect ion VIII is awarded.
Moving onto the Staff recommendation of $51,000 to Arthur Street Healthy Life Center project, Hightshoe
explained the staff made this recommendation because the Commission prior recommendation for a city
tax abatement for this project is not likely feasible and also this is a project that concentrates on the
physical and mental health of low income patients with a nurse practitioner model, which is a new model
to Iowans. For mental health patients they would partner with The Abbe Center and staff felt this would be
a good investment. If for some reason the purchase of the building does not happen, the City will retain
the funds and can be reallocated elsewhere.
Eastham asked if the group still has a purchase offer in place for the property. Hightshoe stated as of last
week the purchase offer was still active.
Olmstead asked if the Arthur Street Healthy Life Center project had other funding sources as well.
Hightshoe said any other funds would be private funds because the whole a cquisition of the building was
through a private mortgage acquisition. With regards to operation costs they were hoping to get funding
through Medicaid, the CDBG funds would be for renovation of the building.
Eastham commented that for property tax abatement there is no requirement of increase in property
value since the property is already valued at around $300,000. Hightshoe said the City Economic
Coordinator doesn’t feel tax abatement will be viable in this situation. Eastham stated the Coordinator
may not be wild about the idea, but it could be viable.
Housing and Community Development Commission
May 24, 2018
Page 5 of 9
Olmstead asked what would happen to those funds if the Commission does not make this
recommendation. Hightshoe said Staff could make a recommendation, but their preference is for the
Commission to make all recommendations.
Fixmer-Oraiz moved to recommend approval of the FY19 Annual Action Plan to City Council,
subject to approving CDBG funding per the staff recommendation. Eastham seconded.
Eastham noted he realized the Arthur Street Healthy Life Center project has some risks associated with it
and would like to assure Council is aware of that when making this recommendation.
A vote was taken and the motion passed 9-0.
Next the Commission discussed the HOME allocation.
Eastham stated he agrees with the Staff proposal to dedicate available funds to the “Other Housing
Activities” and then initiate another round of applications and funding.
Eastham moved to recommend approval of the FY19 Annual Action Plan to City Council, subject
to approving HOME funding per the staff recommendation. Conger seconded.
Eastham moved to amend the motion by recommending to Council to move the funds previously
allocated to the City of Iowa City’s South District Partnership funds ($100,000) to the second funding
round until staff has completed the racial impact analysis.
Lamkins asked why this amendment is being attached to this motion. Eastham stated he has seen at
least one letter (by Angie Jordan) in the Council packets questioning if the impact of the project would be
beneficial to the Taylor/Davis Street area. Lamkins stated the Commission had this conversation
previously and voted 7-1 to give the money to the City of Iowa City’s South District Partnership and
doesn’t feel it would be right to come back now and put it on hold. Parsons agreed with Lamkins, this was
already voted upon.
There was no second to this amendment and the motion failed.
Harms asked how long a racial equity analysis would take to complete. Lehmann said Staff has already
started the analysis but doesn’t know how far along they are, and unsure how long it will take to complete.
Hightshoe said it will be done by July 1 when the FY19 Annual Action Plan funds become available for
use. Eastham asked who on staff was conducting the analysis and specifically if Stefanie Bowers (Equity
and Human Rights Director) was involved. Hightshoe stated Bowers is involved and has met with Kubly
and Lehmann to discuss what data to gather.
Harms noted her appreciation for what Eastham is bring forward and it is an important topic for future
conversations.
A vote was taken on the original motion and it passed 9-0.
REVIEW AND CONSIDER CHANGES TO THE AID TO AGENCIES ALLOCATION PROCESS:
Hightshoe noted there were concerns brought to the attention of the City Manager regarding the Aid to
Agency Allocation Process, so the City Manager has asked if the Commission can discuss the process
and some of the concerns agencies brought up. In the past, it was a stable funding source that nonprofit
agencies could depend on for year-to-year operations. HCDC wanted the opportunity to fund new
agencies. When new agencies are funded, it does mean that prior agencies are either not funded or the
funding is less across the board. The request was for HCDC to look for a balance – how we can provide
stable funding (agencies to plan for staffing, etc.), but also afford the opportunity for a new agency to
apply and be awarded funds. Some of the concern from the agencies is the stability of funding, many use
the funds to aid in staff salaries and have to be sure each year they will have the commitm ent.
Housing and Community Development Commission
May 24, 2018
Page 6 of 9
Vaughn stated the Commission struggles with this balance with every funding allocation cycle and the
resources are not increasing (most of the time) so it is hard to keep continued support and also add new
agencies.
Padron is not comfortable saying they will give a set amount to an agency for two or three years unless
the Commission receives a report on the condition of the agency and how they are performing, there
would need to be a yearly evaluation.
Hightshoe asked agency guest Ron Berg if United Way or the County funded on a two-year cycle and if
they had an evaluation process. Berg said the application process will start this fall, in September, and
they will submit a joint application that will go to both the City of Iowa City, Johnson County and The
United Way, it is a single application. In addition, they are required to submit quarterly reports throughout
the year. The County funds in a two-year cycle and receives the quarterly reports during those two years.
Berg added he would like to have the City also fund in two-year cycles.
Fixmer-Oraiz stated it wouldn’t be giving the agencies two years of money upfront, just promising funding
in the next cycle.
Lamkins asked what would happen if funding in the next cycle was drastically decreased. Hightshoe said
it would be prorated to either the same percentage or dollar amount, whichever is less.
Eastham noted he was struck by the wording in the Staff memo stating “Council would like to see both
functions of A2A funds continue…” Hightshoe noted that should have read “City Manager” not “Council”.
Eastham also stated he had a couple of reactions to considering this action. One is in the 25+ agencies
in this category, in looking at their budgets, half of more have budgets appro aching or well over $1 million
per year and he has a hard time convincing himself that an organization having a budget of several
hundred thousand dollars per year is going to be relying upon a $30,000 per year allocation from the City
of Iowa City to maintain staff continuity. Eastham believes emergency shelter programs are vitally
important in a community and is not suggesting reducing those. He also believes the start -up issue is
important but he feels if they are going to make a change to how they are going to allocate Aid to
Agencies funds they need to be clear about what they are doing and what agencies have to show the
Commission in order to be eligible for those funds. They also need to show their services are in the center
of priority activities that are in the Action Plan and justify in the application why the agency needs
continuity. Eastham believes if the inclination is to pursue the suggestion Staff has outlined in their memo
he feels there would need to be a subcommittee formed to formulate suggested changes.
Lamkins noted he acknowledges Eastham’s comments about million dollar budgets and if $15,000 would
make an impact and that yes it will, every dollar counts in such budgets, they are very tight. With regards
to justifying the continuity, he would need more clarity on what that would entail. Berg replied the
justification is the continuity and knowing an organization is set on staff funding for at least a couple of
years.
Fixmer-Oraiz feels part of the allocation process should be a work session or discussion with staff, now all
Commissioners are reading applications and filling out their allocation sheets on their own and she would
like to have more discussion with a group on each application.
Padron agreed, reading the application is one thing but to have the applicants come and explain their
applications and answer questions is an important part of the process.
Hightshoe agreed and suggested forming a subcommittee to review the process. She feels reviewing
public service applications is harder than reviewing housing projects or public facility projects because
evaluation criteria is subjective. She suggested a subcommittee meet and make recommendations to the
full Commission by July so the Joint Funding Application can include any proposed changes. Those
applications usually go out in July. Lamkins suggested the agencies also have some input in the process.
Olmstead asked if Eastham would be willing to chair a subcommittee. Hightshoe said if two
commissioners plus staff work together they could have recommendations for the June meeting. Padron
Housing and Community Development Commission
May 24, 2018
Page 7 of 9
and Fixmer-Oraiz agreed to work with Staff.
Padron asked if the Commission could get feedback from the clients that are served by the agencies, she
feels it would be helpful in decision making.
Canganelli replied that in the case of the Crisis Center it would breach confidentiality but several surveys
are done and kept on file. Hightshoe said the subcommittee could look into options.
REVIEW AND CONSIDER RECOMMENDATION TO CITY COUNCIL REGARDING THE
AFFORDABLE HOUSING LOCATION MODEL:
Hightshoe stated Eastham requested this item be on the agenda and in the packet. Staff included the
original and 2016 memos summarizing the process by which the Affordable Housing Location Model was
adopted. In April 2017 HCDC, recommended exempting the Riverfront Crossings District and decreasing
proximity requirements for existing affordable units. Those recommendations were approved by Council.
Lehmann said at the end of the packet are a couple of items Eastham prepared which include the City
Council Strategic Plan Objectives, the Affordable Housing Location Model map, a race map of Iowa City,
a racial and ethnic population disproportionality chart, and Eastham’s proposed recommendations.
Hightshoe suggested that if the Commission wishes to make recommendations, they should form a
subcommittee to review the process and make sure any recommendation is in line with the City Council’s
three main goals (1) not further burden neighborhoods and elementary schools that already have issues
related to a concentration of poverty; (2) have diverse neighborhoods in terms of a range of incomes and;
(3) views of the school district on the affordable housing issue. Hightshoe acknowledged no model is
perfect as the placement of affordable housing in neighborhoods is almost always difficult due to
neighborhood opposition. If HCDC wishes to recommend replacing the existing model, it should be well
thought out and meet the Council’s guiding criteria. She suggested a subcommittee to review.
Eastham stated that in the review of the model in 2016 he doesn’t believe the Commissio n reviewed the
racial impact because the model does not contain any factors or parameters that relate to racial
proportionality in any area.
Olmstead said Hightshoe suggested a subcommittee and asked if there were any volunteers to serve on
such a subcommittee. Lamkins asked for a timeline and Hightshoe said recommendations should be
made before November because every year in November is when they update the model for the next
year’s applications. McKinstry volunteered, as did Conger, Fixmer-Oraiz and Eastham.
Lamkins stated that the first two proposals by Eastham are complete opposite proposals and the first one
contradicts the City’s goals for the housing location model. Eastham noted those goals have never
considered racial equity. Lamkins also noted if proposal one was approved, it would add affordable
housing to an already full area. Eastham said it would be allowing affordable housing were there was no
racial disproportionality. Conger said that would just increase the racial disproportionality. Eastham said
the area of southeast Iowa City has areas that could be excluded from receiving City assistance if racial
proportionality was used. Lamkins acknowledged perhaps in pockets of that area, but it would also open
up other pockets in that area where new affordable housing would be allowed, increasing the racial
disproportionality of the area.
McKinstry noted that in the study where Iowa City was listed as the 14th most economically segregated
area in the Countr y, stated that income and race segregation are so closely tied to one another that they
cannot be parsed out. He feels they need to find a positive way to more forward, instead of focusing on
concentration of low income households, the City encourages affordable housing in areas of the city that
are less integrated or diverse and find ways to incentivize that.
Conger noted the only difference Eastham is introducing is the racial disproportionality, so a
subcommittee is going to discuss whether to include race along the lines of affordable housing.
Housing and Community Development Commission
May 24, 2018
Page 8 of 9
McKinstry noted affordable housing is driven by areas of the city where land costs are lower - areas of the
southeast side have lower land costs than in other areas of the city. If a developer wants to build
affordable housing elsewhere in the city, and receive city assistance, they have to pay more for the land.
Developers do not like the location map model as it results in less affordable housing units being built.
Eastham stated his experience with The Housing Fellowship is that land prices are not the major factor in
determining where to locate affordable housing but rather the availability of any land at the time of funding
is more critical. He added there are many areas of southeast Iowa City where land prices are substantial
and rising.
Olmstead added there are pockets in the City where there is just no land available and there will never be
opportunities to add affordable housing in those areas.
McKinstry noted they could send comments to the subcommittee and they will see what ideas they can
come up with.
Harms said the main objective is if the current model is working and Hightshoe replied that it is not
decreasing concentrations of poverty. However, it is working as it is not adding additional poverty to
already concentrated areas.
Padron suggested reaching out to individuals and finding out why they choose to live in the areas they do
and perhaps changing the goals of the map.
Fixmer-Oraiz asked if the subcommittee could get some examples of other models used. Staff will
research.
DISCUSSION OF THE SUMMER SCHEDULE:
Hightshoe noted the Commission will need to meet in June to discuss the Aid to Agencies Allocation
Plan. Lehmann stated that would be June 21.
Lehmann noted two new members will be joining the Commission in July, Olmstead and Conger are
stepping down and Megan Alter and Mitch Brouse will be joining the Commission. There will be a
meeting in July for the new members and to elect officers.
STAFF/COMMISSION COMMENT:
Invest Health Symposium: June 22, 2018 from 9:30 am – 3:30 pm at the University of Iowa Campus Levitt
Center for Advancement.
Fair Housing Training: we will likely hold off for an HCDC briefing until after new HCDC members join.
Transit Presentation: Transit will talk to us about their Route Study sometime this summer or early fall;
they are still developing their timeline.
Olmstead requested HCDC discuss guidelines for churches in the future that have daycares.
ADJOURNMENT:
Eastham moved to adjourn. Fixmer-Oraiz seconded. Passed 9-0.
Housing and Community Development Commission
Attendance Record
Key:
X = Present
O = Absent
O/E = Absent/Excused
--- = Vacant
Name Terms Exp. 8/17 9/21 10/30 11/16 12/18 1/23 2/15 3/15 4/19 5/24
Conger, Syndy 7/1/18 X X X O/E X X X X X X
Eastham, Charlie 7/1/20 X X X X X X X X X X
Fixmer-Oraiz, Vanessa 7/1/20 X X X X X X O/E X O/E X
Harms, Christine 7/1/19 X X X X X X X X X X
Lamkins, Bob 7/1/19 X O/E X O/E X X O/E X O/E X
McKinstry, John 7/1/17 X X X X X X X X X X
Olmstead, Harry 7/1/18 X X O/E X X X X X X X
Padron, Maria 7/1/20 O/E X X X X X O/E O/E X X
Vaughan, Paula 7/1/19 X X X O/E X X X X X X
Date: June 18, 2018
To: Housing and Community Development Commission
From: Kirk Lehmann, Community Development Planner
Re: Aid to Agencies Subcommittee Recommendations
Introduction:
Following the May 24, 2018 Housing and Community Development Commission (HCDC)
meeting, a subcommittee reviewed the Aid to Agencies (A2A) allocation process. Historically, A2A
has provided a predictable funding source for nonprofit agencies. More recently, it has also
provided new agencies in the development stage a flexible source of funding. The subcommittee
sought to balance both functions of A2A funds, as well as improve the allocation process.
History/Background:
Several policies have been developed in the past to prioritize agencies for the funding allocation.
1. Legacy Agencies - In the past, “legacy” agencies (those who continually receive funding
each year) were prioritized in funding allocations. This process provided a consistent
source of funding for these agencies, allowing them to retain staff and anticipate funding
year-to-year. However, it made it difficult for new agencies to benefit from the funding.
2. Priority Needs - The prioritization of agencies into low, medium, and high based on
population served was developed to ensure funds have the greatest impact and is required
by CITY STEPS. The current use of these categories in the allocation process tends to
be ineffective because nearly all agencies attempt to meet the high priority category.
3. Minimum Threshold - A minimum funding threshold has been set at $15,000 to allow for
funding of a quarter or half-time position at an agency. The amount of staff time required
to administer each grant and level of community benefit were also a consideration in
implementing a minimum threshold.
An HCDC subcommittee met on June 7 and June 15, 2018 to identify ways to improve the A2A
allocation process after soliciting feedback from agencies. The subcommittee drafted
recommended changes for review by the full committee. Subcommittee meeting minutes and
comments received are attached.
Discussion of Solutions:
The subcommittee received comments from multiple A2A recipients, many of which echoed
previously mentioned feedback. The following themes were developed to improve the process:
• Enhance objectivity: Multiple agencies mentioned a desire to increase objectivity in
allocating funds. They seemed supportive of objective criteria in evaluating applications.
• Avoid duplication of work: HCDC should be careful about how to fund agencies that are
doing the same work because they don’t want to duplicate services with limited funds.
• More clarity in expectations. Several agencies were confused about the process and
how exactly HCDC chose to allocate funds.
• Equal opportunity to comment: Some agencies didn’t understand who got to present to
HCDC. Others felt left out. Overall, better expectations need to be better set.
• Minimum funding: Some saw minimum funding amounts as arbitrary, though they make
the review process more manageable for HCDC and provide greater certainty for staffing.
June 18, 2018
Page 2
Based on this feedback, the subcommittee tried to balance stable funding with opportunities for
new agencies. Recommendations primarily focus on sustainable funding for legacy agencies, but
they also provide funds for new agencies. The following summarizes their recommendations:
“Legacy” Agency Funding. Most funding would be dedicated to “legacy” agencies, defined as
nonprofits that received A2A funding in the last five years. This funding source is not guaranteed
but would provide a minimum of $15,000 each year for two years. The legacy agencies would use
the United Way Joint Funding Process and application. To ensure accountability, HCDC would
receive regular reports like other Joint Process Funders. If an agency does not perform to a
minimum standard, funding could be revoked.
Objective ranking sheets would be used to make the funding process more transparent and to
provide information to HCDC beyond an agency’s priority level. Staff would determine an agency’s
central mission in advance, with approval from HCDC. Sample ranking criteria is based on past
HCDC criteria. The attached sheet is provided as a possible template.
Legacy applications should speak for themselves, but agencies will be invited to attend meetings.
They will only be expected to speak if invited to speak by HCDC. Full public comment would be
reserved for City Council when the Annual Action Plan is adopted (May). Due to these changes,
HCDC members may need more training on the purpose of the commission, their funding
sources, and how the allocation process fits into the larger context of City funding. To provide
adequate time to seriously review funding applications, the funding round timeline should be
extended. Instead of one month, the review process would resemble the following:
- September: Receive applications and commissioners would read and rank them for the
October meeting. Staff would compile individual commissioners’ results beforehand.
- October: At their meeting, HCDC would discuss the ranking results and their individual
thoughts. This would likely comprise most of the meeting.
- November: At their meeting, HCDC could discuss lingering issues about applications and
would decide on applicants to call in for further questions. Applicants would receive
questions in advance. This would likely take up a small portion of the meeting.
- December: At their meeting, HCDC would have a Q&A session with invited agencies.
Only agencies invited to speak at the meeting would speak.
- January: At their meeting, HCDC would determine final allocations.
Finally, reducing Iowa City’s portion of the Joint Funding application may make the process less
burdensome for agencies while continuing to provide adequate information to HCDC. Potential
changes include cutting the “Aid to Agencies Priorities” question because HCDC will determine
the priority category of the agency and/or eliminating duplicative language. For example, changing
Iowa City’s questions to “if different from Johnson County” to reduce repeat descriptions of
services. If additional answers are desired, questions could instead be asked in meetings.
The subcommittee also discussed dedicating a percentage of funding to High, Medium, and Low
priorities to spread funding throughout groups and reduce competition for high-priority
designations. A minimum number of points would need to be achieved for consideration to ensure
agencies were deserving of funds. If a ‘tier’ does not have appropriate points, the funds would be
reallocated as decided by HCDC. However, the subcommittee decided that this topic should be
discussed by the full commission.
“Emerging” Agency Funding. HCDC would dedicate a smaller portion of funds to “emerging”
agencies, defined as any nonprofits not designated as legacy. These funds would have a smaller
funding minimum ($5,000) and would be allocated annually to help new organizations develop.
This source should not be expected to become permanent. Applying would happen separately
from the United Way Joint Funding Process, allowing a smaller, customized application that would
be due in tandem with the City’s HOME/CDBG funding round in December. This allows the
funding to be awarded closer to when the agency will receive the funding. Because Emerging
Agencies would submit shorter applications, their timeframe would be shorter overall.
June 18, 2018
Page 3
Financial Impact:
These recommendations should have no fiscal impact on the City. However, it will likely require
increased staff time to implement these activities, especially extending the process over multiple
months. Otherwise, fiscal impacts will mostly be that funding is more evenly spread around
agencies with clearer expectations as to how the money is allocated.
Recommendation:
The Aid to Agency subcommittee recommends that the full commission discuss and consider
recommending to City Council these changes to the Aid to Agency process. Once HCDC
completes its review, staff will send out a memo to potential applicants reviewing changes made
to the A2A process and reasons for those changes. The memo will also help set expectations
about who is invited to speak, when, and that they will receive questions in advance so responses
can be prepared, even if not all applicants will be invited to speak.
I. Need/Priority (max. 15 points)
Meets Identified Need in CITY STEPS? Yes or No
If Yes:
1 What priority level in CITY STEPS? (High = 10, Medium = 6, Low = 3)
2 Did the applicant document the ability of the project to meet this need? (Yes = 5, No = 0)
II. Resources & Feasibility (max. 15 points)
Project Budget is Justified? Costs are documented/reasonable Yes or No
Project will proceed and all funds expended by 6/30/19? Yes or No
If Yes to Both Questions:
1 Project leverages other financial resources? (0 - 5 points)
0 - 25% Other Funds (1)
26 - 50% Other Funds (2)
51 to 75% Other Funds (3)
76 to 99% Other Funds (5)
2 Applicant has documented efforts to secure other funding? (Yes = 5, No = 0)
3 Project will be sustained after CDBG funding ends? (Yes = 3, No = 0)
4 Project leverages in-kind or volunteer resources? (Yes = 2, No = 0)
III Impact/Benefit (max. 20 points)
Does the project help persons gain self-sufficiency? Yes or No
If Yes:
1 Primarily targets low-income persons? (0-30%=6, 31-50%=4, 51-80%=2)
2 Project utilizes community partnerships to further projects' goals? (Yes = 5, No = 0)
3 Project serves elderly/disabled households (Yes = 1, No = 0)
4 Project serves children under 12 (Yes = 1, No = 0)
5 Project predominantly serves minority households(Yes = 1, No = 0)
6 Produces adequate benefits based on its per capita cost? (Yes = 3, No = 0)
7 Demonstrates best practices or innovative solution to problem? (Yes = 3, No = 0)
IV Capacity/History (max. 10 points)
Applicant can maintain regulatory compliance? Yes or No
If Yes:
1 Applicant has strong financial skills & board commitment? (Yes = 5, No = 0)
2 Applicant has the administrative capacity to complete this project? (Yes = 5, No = 0)
(Maximum Points: 60) GRAND TOTAL:
CDBG/HOME EVALUATION CRITERIA
Public Service Applications
Italics denotes subcommittee's desire for further discussion
INFORMAL MINUTES
HOUSING AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT COMMISSION
AID TO AGENCY SUBCOMMITTEE
JUNE 7, 2018 – 12:00 PM
MEMBERS PRESENT: Vanessa Fixmer-Oraiz, Maria Padron
STAFF PRESENT: Tracy Hightshoe, Erika Kubly, Kirk Lehmann,
REVIEW ISSUES/PURPOSE OF SUBCOMMITTEE:
Originally administered by one staff person, and made final allocations with two committee members
- Difficult for new agencies to get funded
- Provided a stable source of funding
Staff and priorities changed over time
- Led to “legacy” nonprofits like elder services getting large cuts in their budget
- Complaints and an attempt by agencies to fit into the high priority categories
Over the past two years, new agencies began to be funded
- Minimum threshold of funding was increased to from $5,000 to $15,000
- Led to increased competition for “legacy” nonprofits which have continued to receive funding
cuts
DISCUSSION:
Question: What is purpose of Aid to Agencies? How do we provide stable funding to historic agencies
and allow opportunity for new agency?
Ideas: Focus on sustainable funding but provide small amount for new agencies. To achieve this, we
would break funding into two amounts:
1. “Legacy” Agency Funding. Most of the money would be dedicated to “legacy” nonprofits (i.e.
nonprofits that received Aid to Agencies funding in the last five years). This funding source
would not be guaranteed, but it would be a minimum of $15,000 allocated for two years. The
application would come through the United Way Joint Funding Process, and HCDC would receive
the same regular report as other Joint Process Funders. If the agency does not perform to some
minimum standard, funding could be revoked.
2. “Emerging” Agency Funding. A small portion of the funds (maybe $15,000?) would be dedicated
to “emerging” nonprofits (i.e. any other nonprofits not included in the “legacy” category). This
funding source would allow a smaller funding minimum of $5,000 allocated for one year to help
new organizations develop. The application for this process would be separate from the United
Way Joint Funding Process, allowing a smaller, customized application that would be due in
tandem with the City’s HOME/CDBG funding round in December. This also allows the funding to
Housing and Community Development Commission
May 24, 2018
Page 2 of 2
be awarded in closer proximity to when the agency will receive the funding. The expectation
would be that this will not be a permanent source of funding.
Question: How can we change Process? How do we give HCDC enough time to seriously review funding
applications?
Ideas: Instead of the typical one-month review process, staff would provide HCDC the applications as
soon as they are available. Overall, the process would become something approximating the following:
- September: Receive applications, which commissioners would be expected to read and rank for
the October meeting. Individual results would be sent to staff beforehand to compile.
- October: At the HCDC meeting, the commission would discuss the ranking results and allow an
opportunity for commissioners to talk about their rankings in advance of allocating funds. This
would be expected to take up most of the meeting.
- November: At the HCDC meeting, commissioners would have time for additional discussion on
lingering issues with applications and would decide on which applicants should be called in for
further question (a short list). This would be expected to take up a small portion of the meeting.
- December: At the HCDC meeting, commissioners would have a Q&A session with agencies. Only
agencies invited to speak at the meeting would speak.
- January: At the HCDC meeting, final allocations would be determined.
Agencies would be invited to attend meetings starting in November, though would not be expected to
speak unless invited to. Full public comment would be reserved for City Council when the Annual Action
Plan is adopted (May). This intensive process would only be for legacy agencies.
FOR NEXT MEETING:
Discuss Ranking Criteria: Adding ranking sheets to the process would provide a greater understanding of
the agency than their CITY STEPS priority as HCDC makes allocations, and it makes the process more
transparent. Staff would determine an agency’s central mission in advance, with approval from HCDC.
Discuss Application: The Joint Funding application is long, but adding a section on best practices (or to
the Q&A with agencies) could be a good opportunity to understand the agencies. Ideally, HCDC could
also pare down Iowa City’s current application components to make it less burdensome for agencies.
Discuss Any Further Comments
INFORMAL MINUTES
HOUSING AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT COMMISSION
AID TO AGENCY SUBCOMMITTEE
JUNE 14, 2018 – 12:00 PM
MEMBERS PRESENT: Vanessa Fixmer-Oraiz, Maria Padron
STAFF PRESENT: Erika Kubly, Kirk Lehmann
REVIEW COMMENTS AND DISCUSSION:
What the subcommittee noticed from the comments:
• Avoid duplication of work: HCDC should be careful about how to fund agencies that are doing
the same work. Don’t want to only duplicate services with limited funds.
• Enhance objectivity: Multiple agencies mentioned a desire to increase objectivity in allocating
funds. This includes avoiding consideration of factors that may be personal considerations or
factors unrelated to the CITYSTEPS priorities. They seemed like they would be supportive of
ranking applications as discussed last week, and it ties well into many recommendations that the
subcommittee is developing.
• Minimum funding: Some saw minimum funding amounts as arbitrary. However, it also made
the review process more manageable for HCDC and provided greater certainty for agency
staffing. This comment should be somewhat addressed through tiering funding with differing
minimum funding requirements. Regardless, flexible funding is especially valuable for agencies.
• More clarity in expectations. Several agencies were confused about the process. When HCDC
completes its review, staff should send out memo to review changes to the A2A process and
reasons for those changes. For example, the memo should clarify that the $15,000 minimum for
“legacy” agencies was chosen as enough to fund a part-time salary, while the $5,000 minimum
for “emerging” applicants is to cover some project costs, like office supplies.
• Equal opportunity to comment: Some agencies didn’t understand who got to present to HCDC
when. Others felt left out. The memo should also set expectations about who is invited to speak
and when. Applications are still expected to stand on their own. However, having the process
over multiple meetings would also allow HCDC to send preset/custom questions to applicants so
responses could be prepared, though not all applicants will be invited to speak.
In terms of best practices, it may also help to better train HCDC members on the general purpose of the
commission, where their funding comes from, and how the allocation process works in the larger
context of the City.
OTHER DISCUSSIONS:
Ranking criteria is being based on past processes that HCDC followed (see attached FY10 example); first
should be checked to see how it would have affected last year’s allocation:
• Need/Priority category:
o To take out subjectivity, focus on clear yes or no point amounts (keep high, medium,
low as what you give for different priority groups)
o Maybe incorporate need vs. provided services to decide priority?
• Resources and Feasibility
o Should leveraging financial resources stay as a ranking criterium?
o Ask whole HCDC about Documented funding efforts
o Ask about “volunteer/in-kind services” rather than “leveraging human resources.” May
also be beneficial to measure it in number of volunteer hours/$ of in-kind goods/service
• Impact/Benefit
o Add points to targeting services to high-priority groups such as minority households,
children under 12, or persons with disabilities
o Include points regarding impact/benefit or scale of work (like people served per dollar)
o Questions about will the project be sustained will be asked for Emerging Agencies, but
may not be applicable for Legacy Agencies (also potentially structure Emerging Agency
funding as for a specific project but Legacy Agency funding as flex funding once ‘proven’)
• Capacity/History
o Make Application Workshop attendance mandatory and drop criterium 3
o Increase criterium 2 to 5 points for yes
Changes to the joint funding application to reduce burden:
• Cut FY19 Aid to Agencies Prioritie s section. Staff will recommend and HCDC will determine the
main focus of the agency; HCDC will assign a “priority” category accordingly.
• Modify duplicative language. Change Iowa City-specific questions to “if different from County,
expound here.” For example, Question 4 on the application would read “If different from your
answer for Johnson County, provide a description of services that will be provided with the Iowa
City funding requested. Specific information is required, not a general agency description.”
Break out funding by dedicating a percentage of funding to High, Medium, and Low priorities:
• Would spread funding and reduce competition for “High” designation
• Maria suggested breaking out along High (60% of funding), Med (25%), and Low categories
(15%)
• A minimum number of points would need to be achieved to be considered for funding; if a ‘tier’
does not have appropriate points, the funds would be reallocated as decided by HCDC
RECOMMENDATIONS:
See staff memo.
1
Kirk Lehmann
From:Brian Loring <brian-loring@ncjc.org>
Sent:Friday, June 08, 2018 3:10 PM
To:Kirk Lehmann
Subject:RE: Aid to Agencies Feedback
Kirk,
I met with Mayor Throgmorton on this matter back in March. After the allocations meeting I felt compelled to
bring this issue to someone’s attention. Below are a few of my observations:
1. The committee does not seem to have clear direction from the council regarding priorities. This seems
to give each member some latitude in setting their own funding agenda. Questions seemed
to reveal individual priorities that were not reflected in the application process.
2. Committee members did not have much information regarding agencies. We were told in advance
that we would not be presenting information at the hearing, but rather we were encouraged to attend to
answer questions. At the hearing we were summoned to present. It would have been good to know this in
advance.
3. It was hard to figure out how they came to funding decisions. For instance, Prelude, was cut
completely. Given the need for substance abuse treatment, I had a difficult time understanding that
move. Fortunately some of that funding was reinstated.
Here are just a few additional thoughts and things to consider when establishing funding priorities:
A few years ago, Iowa City reduced its overall monetary commitment to human services. And
Neighborhood Centers, along with other established agencies, saw our funding reduced
substantially. Unfortunately, this coincided with other cuts in funding from state and federal sources. With all
of these budget cuts, we would encourage the city to establish clear funding priorities and with some measure
of predictability in funding of our programs and outcomes that are consistent with those priorities.
Last fall, I met with Tracy and others to discuss adding more early childhood program slots for working families
in Iowa City. We support this concept, but we’ve lost $63,000 in state funding for 4 early childhood
classrooms in the last year. So, as an established provider of NAEYC‐accredited child development programs, it
was difficult to connect the desire to support child development for low‐wage working families with the
funding recommendation to cut yet another $8,000 from NCJC. Particularly when we’ve lost so much in state
funding in the past year.
Besides helping us to weather these types of cuts, local discretionary funding (city, county, United Way) covers
other things that make us more competitive in leveraging grants into our neighborhoods. Block
grant funding helps pay for supporting volunteers, keeping our buildings and playgrounds operational,
maintaining and repairing vans, neighborhood and community events, and some administrative costs. It’s safe
to say NCJC might not exist, or at least not with the variety and quality of our programming, if it were not for
United Way, County and Iowa City block grant funding.
Just to offer some perspective on overall return of investment, our current annual outlay for wages and
benefits is $2.3 million. We receive about $235k local government and United Way block grant
investment. Nearly all of the difference between the block grant investments and the total amount we spend
2
on wages ‐ almost $2 million ‐ comes from funders outside the Johnson County community. Of course the
wages and benefits do not include the roughly $700,000 we spend on local goods and services.
I’ve run on a bit so I’ll stop here. Please feel free to contact me if you have any questions or need clarification.
Thanks.
‐‐Brian
From: Kirk Lehmann [mailto:Kirk‐Lehmann@iowa‐city.org]
Sent: Wednesday, May 30, 2018 2:18 PM
To: Susan Gray <susan@iowa4cs.com>; karendegroot@arcsei.org; sarahcarroll@bestbuddies.org; Thurness,
Daleta K [CO PD] <daletac@iastate.edu>; Becci Reedus <becci.reedus@jccrisiscenter.org>;
Kristie@dvipiowa.org; dinman@elderservicesinc.com; hbopp@fouroaks.org; icfreelunch@gmail.com;
awinslow@goodwillheartland.org; jdrapeaux@hacap.org; director@handicareinc.com; Tracey Achenbach
<tachenbach@htfjc.org>; info@iccompassion.org; insideoutreentry@gmail.com;
bvinograde@freemedicalclinic.org; Laurie.Phelan@Iowa.gov; john@growjohnsoncounty.org;
mary.issah@namijc.org; Brian Loring <brian‐loring@ncjc.org>; jkellbach@abbe.org; Ron Berg
<rberg@preludeiowa.org>; adam‐robinson@uiowa.edu; Crissy Canganelli <crissy@shelterhouseiowa.org>;
Janet.Outlund@sui.org; mail@table2table.org; t2tfixhunger@gmail.com;
Genevieve.Anglin@unitedactionforyouth.org; 'Stu Mullins' <stu.mullins@unitedactionforyouth.org>
Cc: Tracy Hightshoe <Tracy‐Hightshoe@iowa‐city.org>; Erika Kubly <Erika‐Kubly@iowa‐city.org>
Subject: Aid to Agencies Feedback
Aid to Agencies Applicants:
The Housing and Community Development Commission (HCDC) is soliciting feedback regarding the Aid to
Agencies allocation process. Historically, Aid to Agencies provided stable funding to nonprofits which
supported year‐to‐year operations. However, it also provides an opportunity for new agencies to develop. The
City would like to see both functions of Aid to Agencies continue, but to do so in such a way that provides
predictability for agencies to make longer‐term staffing decisions. An HCDC subcommittee is meeting over the
next few weeks to discuss possible changes to the process. HCDC will provide a recommendation to City
Council at their meeting on June 21.
If you have any feedback regarding the current process and/or ideas about how to improve it, contact me at
kirk‐lehmann@iowa‐city.org or 319‐356‐5247. Thank you for your input.
Regards,
Kirk Lehmann
Community Development Planner
City of Iowa City
Kirk‐Lehmann@Iowa‐City.org
1
Kirk Lehmann
From:Tracy Hightshoe
Sent:Friday, May 25, 2018 1:46 PM
To:Kirk Lehmann; Erika Kubly
Subject:FW: HCDC
Fyi.
From: Ron Berg [mailto:rberg@preludeiowa.org]
Sent: Friday, May 25, 2018 10:36 AM
To: Tracy Hightshoe <Tracy‐Hightshoe@iowa‐city.org>
Subject: HCDC
Tracy
I thought the discussion last night about the decision making process of the HCDC was encouraging. I’m confident the
commission is sincerely interested in improving their process. If the subcommittee is interested in feedback from an
agency perspective, I would volunteer to help.
In lieu of attending a meeting however, I thought I would share a couple comments in hopes they can be helpful.
Create criteria against which applications will be evaluated and share them widely. Provide training for commission
members about the criteria to ensure common understanding.
Suggestions for criteria:
What community needs do the commission want to fund
How well does the application address the need
How does the agency determine if their services are successful
o The breadth of agencies seeking funds is so broad, I don’t think a single evaluation could ever be
developed that would meet everyone’s needs. Rather than develop a single tool, expect that there is an
evaluation and that results are shared with the commission
Can the agency share the results of their evaluation process
Can the agency demonstrate good governance: as a method of demonstrating sound management and
confidence the agency can meet the grant requirements.
o Does the agency have state licensing, is it current on health and safety inspections from local
government, is the agency accredited by a national body
o What percent of board members attend meetings
o How often does the board meet
o How often are financial reports given to the board
o When was the last time salaries were compared to salary survey
What are the demographics of the patients/clients served. Is there an explanation of why this may vary from
Iowa City data ( could the commission provide the data to compare to?)
Many agencies (but possibly not all) are able to identify best practices that are routinely accepted among
peers. What best practices are used.
How does the program for which funding is requested fit with the agencies mission? Is the agency committed to
the program given it’s mission, or only seeing an opportunity for funding?
I hope this isn’t intrusive but can be helpful. Please let me know if there is anything I can do to help.
2
Ron
NOTICE: This e‐mail, including attachments, is the property of Prelude Behavioral Services, is covered by the Electronic
Communications Act, is confidential and may be legally privileged. If you are not the intended recipient, you are hereby
notified that you are prohibited from retaining, disseminating, distributing, or storing this communication on any media.
Please reply to the sender if you have received this message in error and immediately delete it. Thank you.
1
Kirk Lehmann
From:Ron Berg <rberg@preludeiowa.org>
Sent:Monday, June 11, 2018 2:25 PM
To:Kirk Lehmann
Subject:RE: Aid to Agencies Feedback
Actually, both. Of course I have a vested interest in not competing against the City, so my hope in raising the question is
that a discussion can take place to either change or confirm this is the public policy the council wants to
establish. Maybe this discussion has already happened and I’m just not aware which would be fine, I’m just curious if it
happened.
Ron
From: Kirk Lehmann <Kirk‐Lehmann@iowa‐city.org>
Sent: Monday, June 11, 2018 1:02 PM
To: Ron Berg <rberg@preludeiowa.org>
Subject: RE: Aid to Agencies Feedback
Ron,
Are you referring to the City applying for money during the annual funding rounds or to the use of CDBG funds for other
City projects? Or both?
Thanks,
Kirk
From: Ron Berg [mailto:rberg@preludeiowa.org]
Sent: Monday, June 11, 2018 11:13 AM
To: Kirk Lehmann <Kirk‐Lehmann@iowa‐city.org>
Subject: RE: Aid to Agencies Feedback
Kirk,
One question I have is the rationale behind the City of Iowa City competing for CDBG funding against area not for
profits. The City is able to levy taxes to fund their projects whereas the agencies of course cannot. The result is we
compete for similar services and projects, yet we have different funding options, one more limited than the other.
2
Has there ever been a discussion about the policy behind the City competing for these funds to determine if this in fact
is the best use of CDBG and local tax strategies?
Thanks
Ron
From: Kirk Lehmann <Kirk‐Lehmann@iowa‐city.org>
Sent: Monday, June 11, 2018 9:17 AM
To: Susan Gray <susan@iowa4cs.com>; karendegroot@arcsei.org; sarahcarroll@bestbuddies.org; Thurness, Daleta K
[CO PD] <daletac@iastate.edu>; Becci Reedus <becci.reedus@jccrisiscenter.org>; Kristie@dvipiowa.org;
dinman@elderservicesinc.com; hbopp@fouroaks.org; icfreelunch@gmail.com; awinslow@goodwillheartland.org;
jdrapeaux@hacap.org; director@handicareinc.com; Tracey Achenbach <tachenbach@htfjc.org>;
info@iccompassion.org; insideoutreentry@gmail.com; bvinograde@freemedicalclinic.org; Laurie.Phelan@Iowa.gov;
john@growjohnsoncounty.org; mary.issah@namijc.org; Brian Loring <brian‐loring@ncjc.org>; jkellbach@abbe.org; Ron
Berg <rberg@preludeiowa.org>; adam‐robinson@uiowa.edu; Crissy Canganelli <crissy@shelterhouseiowa.org>;
Janet.Outlund@sui.org; mail@table2table.org; t2tfixhunger@gmail.com; Genevieve.Anglin@unitedactionforyouth.org;
'Stu Mullins' <stu.mullins@unitedactionforyouth.org>
Cc: Tracy Hightshoe <Tracy‐Hightshoe@iowa‐city.org>; Erika Kubly <Erika‐Kubly@iowa‐city.org>
Subject: RE: Aid to Agencies Feedback
Aid to Agencies Applicants:
The Housing and Community Development Commission (HCDC) is evaluating its Aid to Agencies process. The goal is to
balance providing stability for established agencies with opportunities for new agencies to receive funding. If you have
feedback regarding the process and/or ideas about how to improve it, please let me know by June 13.
You can reach me at kirk‐lehmann@iowa‐city.org or 319‐356‐5247. Thank you for those who have already reached out,
and I look forward to hearing from other interested agencies.
Regards,
Kirk Lehmann
Community Development Planner
City of Iowa City
Kirk‐Lehmann@Iowa‐City.org
319‐356‐5247
From: Kirk Lehmann
Sent: Wednesday, May 30, 2018 2:18 PM
To: 'Susan Gray' <susan@iowa4cs.com>; 'karendegroot@arcsei.org' <karendegroot@arcsei.org>;
1
Kirk Lehmann
From:Karen DeGroot <karendegroot@arcsei.org>
Sent:Monday, June 11, 2018 9:33 AM
To:Kirk Lehmann
My only concern is the make sure that we are all doing our best to avoid duplication of services and using collaboration
whenever we are able. My desire would be that funding from the County and City follow that criteria.
Thanks
Karen DeGroot
President/CEO
The Arc of Southeast Iowa
2620 Muscatine Avenue
Iowa City IA 52240
(319) 351‐5017
(319) 351‐6837 fax
www.arcsei.org
NOTICE: This electronic mail message and any attached files are confidential. The information is exclusively for the use of the individual or entity intended as the
recipient. If you are not the intended recipient, any use, copying, printing, reviewing, retention, disclosure, distribution or forwarding of the message or any attached
file is not authorized and is strictly prohibited. If you have received this electronic mail message in error, please advise the sender by reply electronic mail
immediately and permanently delete the original transmission, any attachments and any copies of this message from your computer system. Thank you.
1
Kirk Lehmann
From:Sofia Mehaffey <smehaffey@elderservicesinc.org>
Sent:Tuesday, June 12, 2018 1:13 PM
To:Kirk Lehmann
Subject:RE: Aid to Agencies Feedback
Good afternoon,
Devon Inman is no longer with Elder Services.
I am standing in as Interim Executive Director.
This year was my first experience with the HCDC process.
I appreciated the opportunity to answer questions and make connections in real time.
I would have loved to have some questions in advance in order to better prepare, but all in all my experience was
positive.
Thank you so much for reaching out to providers for input.
Have a wonderful day,
Sofia Mehaffey
Interim Executive Director
This e‐mail, including attachments contain information from Elder Services, Inc., which may be confidential or privileged/ If you are not the intended recipient, you are
hereby notified that any copying, distribution, disclosure, or use of the contents of this information is prohibited. If you received this e‐mail in error, please notify Elder
Services, either by telephone at (319) 338‐0515 or by replying to the sender immediately, and then destroy the document.
From: Kirk Lehmann <Kirk‐Lehmann@iowa‐city.org>
Sent: Monday, June 11, 2018 9:17 AM
To: Susan Gray <susan@iowa4cs.com>; karendegroot@arcsei.org; sarahcarroll@bestbuddies.org; Thurness, Daleta K
[CO PD] <daletac@iastate.edu>; Becci Reedus <becci.reedus@jccrisiscenter.org>; Kristie@dvipiowa.org; Devon Inman
<dinman@elderservicesinc.org>; hbopp@fouroaks.org; icfreelunch@gmail.com; awinslow@goodwillheartland.org;
jdrapeaux@hacap.org; director@handicareinc.com; Tracey Achenbach <tachenbach@htfjc.org>;
info@iccompassion.org; insideoutreentry@gmail.com; bvinograde@freemedicalclinic.org; Laurie.Phelan@Iowa.gov;
john@growjohnsoncounty.org; mary.issah@namijc.org; Brian Loring <brian‐loring@ncjc.org>; jkellbach@abbe.org; Ron
Berg <rberg@preludeiowa.org>; adam‐robinson@uiowa.edu; Crissy Canganelli <crissy@shelterhouseiowa.org>;
Janet.Outlund@sui.org; mail@table2table.org; t2tfixhunger@gmail.com; Genevieve.Anglin@unitedactionforyouth.org;
'Stu Mullins' <stu.mullins@unitedactionforyouth.org>
Cc: Tracy Hightshoe <Tracy‐Hightshoe@iowa‐city.org>; Erika Kubly <Erika‐Kubly@iowa‐city.org>
Subject: [POSSIBLE SPAM] RE: Aid to Agencies Feedback
1
Kirk Lehmann
From:Stu Mullins <Stu.Mullins@unitedactionforyouth.org>
Sent:Wednesday, June 13, 2018 2:57 PM
To:Kirk Lehmann
Subject:Re: Aid to Agencies Feedback
Good afternoon Kirk. I attended the allocation meeting last year and Genevieve this year. We processed our experiences
and have a couple of recommendations. To be clear UAY greatly appreciated the commitment of the City to our work in
the community and could not survive without the support. The City is a critical part of the process of building healthier
and happier fellow citizens through our counseling, housing, crisis, youth development, volunteer, and arts
programming work with teens, young parents, homeless youth, and families.
1. We suggest making sure to factor in what funding agencies have received in the past from the Aid to Agencies. We
certainly understand the need for a competitive process but a swing of a few thousand dollars is significant to any
agency of any size. The funds allocated in the Aid to Agency funding is a critical line item for agencies regardless of their
overall budget size. Flexible funding is increasingly scarce through grant sources who require that funds only be used for
direct services yet also, rightly, demand the high agency professional standards that the missing funds make possible. To
add to the complicated financial strain, grants require that agency match funding for project costs as well. This leaves
the survival of many local human service agencies in the hands of Aid to Agency funds. The human service profession in
particular is highly dynamic, competitive, and constantly changing. The ability to respond with professionalism and high‐
quality programming is critical. This requires consistency from administrative staff and quality operation standards. In
short, agencies are asked to do more with grant sources with no financial support for the required administrative
professionals to carry out that work. The same applies for paying for the necessary building space, upkeep, and related
utilities. Direct staff from UAY and similar agencies are improving and often literally saving lives but cannot do so
without adequate bedrock funding and support staff.
2. We suggest looking at other similar boards and how they minimize the effect of how meeting format effects fund
allocation. We certainly are aware that no process is perfect. We also know from our own design of meetings that such
elements as order of the items addressed, process for voicing opinions, and meeting fatigue make a difference and are
continually updated.
3. We do not know the current system of educating board members on how aid to agency funding is used, but UAY
would, as, I’m sure, would many other agencies, be happy to give a presentation on how these funds are used and why
they are so important to agencies. In the last meeting notes I saw that the comment “I can’t believe $13,000 is that big
of a deal to a million dollar agency.” It was disheartening to see that there is a lack of understanding about how
important these funds are to agencies of any size, and how they are different than other types of funding.
We greatly admire and appreciate your willingness to solicited feedback from funding recipients and appreciate the
challenging task it is to allocate limited funds to so many useful programs. Thank you for your time.
Sincerely,
Stu Mullins‐UAY Executive Director
Genevieve Anglin‐UAY Business Director
Stu Mullins
Executive Director
United Action for Youth
319‐338‐7518 ext 109
1
Kirk Lehmann
From:Thurness, Daleta K [CO PD] <daletac@iastate.edu>
Sent:Thursday, June 14, 2018 10:02 AM
To:Kirk Lehmann
Subject:RE: Aid to Agencies Feedback
Hi Kirk,
Thanks for the opportunity to provide feedback.
In my limited experience (2017 and 2018) it hasn’t always been clear what the expectations were in terms of how to
present information or if we even could. The first year I attended the commission meeting, we weren’t allowed to speak
only if a question was raised, there was some commentary from board members I wished I would have had the
opportunity to comment on. Then a representative from our office came this past year (I was unable to) and there was
an expectation to present information but unless I missed something that wasn’t made clear, so we may have been a bit
unprepared.
Suggestions:
1) The expectations of the agencies for the commission meeting be clear
2) Each agency have equal opportunity to provide supplemental information either by a short 3‐5 minute
presentation, or structured packet of information
3) Opportunity to respond to questions or comments the commission members may have
4) Perhaps a certain % of allocated dollars could be “earmarked” for new agencies, but the majority of the dollars
allocated to established agencies who have demonstrated proper stewardship and impact.
Regards,
Executive Director, Big Brothers Big Sisters of Johnson County
3109 Old Hwy 218 S.
Iowa City, Iowa 52246
(319) 337‐2145
daleta@bbbsjc.org
www.bbbsjc.org
From: Kirk Lehmann <Kirk‐Lehmann@iowa‐city.org>
Sent: Monday, June 11, 2018 9:17 AM
To: Susan Gray <susan@iowa4cs.com>; karendegroot@arcsei.org; sarahcarroll@bestbuddies.org; Thurness, Daleta K
[CO PD] <daletac@iastate.edu>; Becci Reedus <becci.reedus@jccrisiscenter.org>; Kristie@dvipiowa.org;
dinman@elderservicesinc.com; hbopp@fouroaks.org; icfreelunch@gmail.com; awinslow@goodwillheartland.org;
jdrapeaux@hacap.org; director@handicareinc.com; Tracey Achenbach <tachenbach@htfjc.org>;
info@iccompassion.org; insideoutreentry@gmail.com; bvinograde@freemedicalclinic.org; Laurie.Phelan@Iowa.gov;
john@growjohnsoncounty.org; mary.issah@namijc.org; Brian Loring <brian‐loring@ncjc.org>; jkellbach@abbe.org; Ron
1
Kirk Lehmann
From:Becci Reedus <becci.reedus@jccrisiscenter.org>
Sent:Wednesday, June 13, 2018 3:18 PM
To:Kirk Lehmann
Subject:Re: Aid to Agencies Feedback
Hi Kirk,
Thanks for giving me this opportunity to provide feedback to this
area.
In the past ten years, we are at the same level of funding from Iowa
City, give or take a bit. This is a huge concern to us with increasing
levels of services we are providing to our community. At a
minimum, 70% of our services in food bank and emergency
assistance are provided to residents of Iowa City. I think the city
needs to take a serious look at increasing the amount of funding for
social needs in the community. Level or flat funding is not helping
us keep up with the demand in services.
I dislike arbitrary rules for a minimum level of funding also, such as
the $15,000 level of funding. A few years ago, when that level was
increased from $5,000 to $15,000, my memory says that
approximately $31,000 in increased funding went to four
organizations, whereas The Crisis Center had been at the same
level of funding for ten years and in that time, provided increasing
services.
I realize there are new nonprofits that develop to address new
issues. Information exists that would help guide the commission
with effective grant making with new organizations. I think the
funding allocated to new organizations should be a predetermined
funding level.
2
I don't know if any of the above information is helpful and please
feel free to contact me if you have additional questions.
Becci Reedus
Becci Reedus
Executive Director
The Crisis Center
your first call in Johnson County
Business line (319) 351‐2726 ext. 109
Fax line (319) 351‐4671
becci.reedus@jccrisiscenter.org
www.jccrisiscenter.org
Stressed? Depressed? Need to talk? Call our 24‐hour Crisis Line at (319) 351‐0140
or log on to Crisis Chat at crisischat.org
This email message is for the use of its intended recipient(s). This email and attachment(s) may be confidential, legally privileged, and/or exempt from disclosure
under applicable law. If you are not an intended recipient, do not use, disclose, disseminate, forward or copy information contained in the email and/or
attachment(s). Please notify The Crisis Center of Johnson County by reply email, and delete the original message and all attachments from your system.
On Wed, May 30, 2018 at 2:17 PM, Kirk Lehmann <Kirk‐Lehmann@iowa‐city.org> wrote:
Aid to Agencies Applicants:
The Housing and Community Development Commission (HCDC) is soliciting feedback regarding the Aid to Agencies
allocation process. Historically, Aid to Agencies provided stable funding to nonprofits which supported year‐to‐year
operations. However, it also provides an opportunity for new agencies to develop. The City would like to see both
functions of Aid to Agencies continue, but to do so in such a way that provides predictability for agencies to make
longer‐term staffing decisions. An HCDC subcommittee is meeting over the next few weeks to discuss possible changes
to the process. HCDC will provide a recommendation to City Council at their meeting on June 21.
If you have any feedback regarding the current process and/or ideas about how to improve it, contact me at kirk‐
lehmann@iowa‐city.org or 319‐356‐5247. Thank you for your input.
Regards,
6/14/2018 Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) on Equal Treatment and the Faith-Based and Community Initiative - HUD | HUD.gov / U.S. Departm…
https://www.hud.gov/program_offices/faith_based/faq 1/4
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) on Equal
Treatment and the Faith-Based and Community
Initiative
Many organizations seek guidance as to whether they can continue the religious
component of their total service delivery if they receive HUD funding. This question
generally falls under the heading of "Equal Treatment." HUD, along with other
Federal Agencies, has put Equal Treatment Regulations in place to insure that faith-
based and secular non-profit organizations are aware of their rights and are treated
equally in the grants process. Below you will find some frequently asked questions
on this topic, with general answers. If you have any doubt or need specific
information after reading this FAQ and the regulations that follow it, please contact
the Center.
1. What is Equal Treatment all about?
Equal Treatment is the set of regulations, here at HUD and in all agencies with
Centers for Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships, that seeks to ensure that
Your organization is not discriminated against because it is, or is not, a faith-
based organization;
Your organization is not favored because it is, or is not, a faith-based
organization; and
Each non-profit organization, regardless of its size, competes on an equal
footing with all organizations seeking HUD funding.
2. Does a faith-based organization need to mask its religious
identity in order to receive HUD funds?
No. Faith-based organizations that receive federal assistance may keep their
religious name; continue to carry out religious activities; keep and display religious
signs and symbols inside and outside their facilities; continue to use religion as a
basis to select their board members (including members of the clergy); and
otherwise govern themselves on a religious basis.
3. Can we conduct religious activities for our HUD- funded
program recipients?
Organizations that receive direct HUD funds may not engage in inherently religious
activities, such as worship, religious instruction, or proselytizing, as a part of the
program or services funded by HUD. Inherently religious activities must be offered
separately, in time or location, from the programs, activities, or services supported by
direct HUD funds.
Regulatory Reforms
at HUD
HUD Program
Specific Rules
White House
Presentation on Equal
Treatment
6/14/2018 Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) on Equal Treatment and the Faith-Based and Community Initiative - HUD | HUD.gov / U.S. Departm…
https://www.hud.gov/program_offices/faith_based/faq 2/4
Additionally, and this is very important, participation in religious activities must be
voluntary for your HUD-funded service beneficiaries. They should have no feeling
or sense that their participation in inherently religious activities that are separate in
time and/or place from HUD-funded activities, or even participation in something like
prayer before a meal, is somehow required for them in order to receive HUD-funded
services.
Also, program beneficiaries must understand that they are free to participate or not,
not only in your organization's religious activities, but in your organization's religious
affiliation itself. That is, your HUD-funded services must be open to all who are
eligible for them, whether they are members of your church, denomination, or
religion; or not.
4. Can our organization hire along religious lines?
It depends. In most HUD programs, you may hire along religious lines. The CDBG
and HOME Programs contain statutory provisions that impose certain
nondiscrimination requirements on all grantees, which mean hiring on the basis of
religion is prohibited in these programs. If your organization believes that it is
substantially burdened by this prohibition, relief may be available under the Religious
Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA, pronounced RIF-ra). Additional information on
RFRA is available here. For guidance specific to HUD programs, please contact the
HUDCenter.
5. If we are a faith-based organization, will we be subject to
greater government scrutiny than secular recipients?
No. Just as faith-based organizations are neither favored nor hindered when making
application for HUD funds, they are held to exactly the same standard as non-faith-
based organizations, neither higher nor lower, in oversight and monitoring.
If you believe that this not the case, and that your organization is being held to a
different standard, contact the Center and ask for assistance.
If your organization is under scrutiny, there can be several reasons why-including
that HUD is carrying out its responsibility to do to routine monitoring. It is essential to
keep careful financial and other records in order to be able to show clearly and
concisely that HUD funding was expended on HUD-funded activities only; that no
HUD dollars were utilized in advancing your organization's religious message; and
that program participants clearly understand the voluntary character of their
participation in your organization's religious service offering.
HUD's monitoring and oversight activities are meant to be helpful, not punitive. It
wants to offer guidance that is corrective, not punitive, and will allow, where
appropriate, you time to comply. If you doubt that this is the case, please contact the
Center and ask for assistance.
6/14/2018 Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) on Equal Treatment and the Faith-Based and Community Initiative - HUD | HUD.gov / U.S. Departm…
https://www.hud.gov/program_offices/faith_based/faq 3/4
6. Why does this Initiative exist in the first place?
The Initiative exists to place faith-based and community organizations (FBCOs),
especially grassroots ones, on a level playing field with all other grant applicants,
and to look for innovative ways to expand or enhance existing service delivery, in
order that all persons eligible for HUD assistance may receive that assistance from
the organizations most qualified to help in their particular circumstances.
FBCOs include religious and non-religious non-profit groups that provide social
services; vary greatly in size and resources operate in the widest range of
communities, from the most urban to the most rural; and identify themselves with
both community initiatives and objectives and religious or non-religious traditions or
philosophies. Experience has shown that they provide unique access to
underprivileged communities, high-need individuals, and community leaders; close
cultural connections to local communities; dedicated volunteers; deep personal
commitment to the individuals being served; individualized and supportive services;
and services that effectively complement federal programs.
Yet?small, grassroots FBCOs often did not participate in funding streams open to
them by assumptions that they could not partner with government because of
religious identity. And so government either excluded faith-based groups, but not
secular ones, from certain programs, or it conditioned its assistance on an FBCO's
willingness to mask religious identity and suspend certain activities, although the law
did not require the masking and suspension.
Additionally, grant-making processes were designed in ways that benefited prior
grantees, effectively limiting innovative approaches, and limited outreach to non-
traditional partners. Small or novice FBCOs often lacked knowledge, information, or
experience with the federal grant-making process.
The result was that certain segments of intended HUD-assisted service recipients
went unserved, because those most qualified to help could not easily receive the
funding that would allow the service. The Initiative exists to identify these barriers
and level the playing field so that the most qualified applicants, regardless of faith
affiliation, receive funding to address the needs of their communities.
7. But what about Separation of Church and State?
The Supreme Court has "consistently rejected...the argument that 'any program
which in some manner aids an institution with a religious affiliation' automatically
violates the Establishment Clause" (Mueller v. Allen, 1983). HUD’s program
requirements were carefully crafted to ensure compliance with the First Amendment.
As long as your organization is using HUD funds in accordance with these program
requirements-including not using HUD dollars to advance your organization's
religious mission or the religious component of your entire service delivery, and can
account clearly that HUD dollars are being spent only on eligible activities--HUD
believes there is no violation of the Separation Clause.
6/14/2018 Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) on Equal Treatment and the Faith-Based and Community Initiative - HUD | HUD.gov / U.S. Departm…
https://www.hud.gov/program_offices/faith_based/faq 4/4
In federal programs utilizing vouchers which allow the service beneficiary to choose
a qualified service deliverer, intermingling of secular and religious messages is
permissible, as long as the options for service provider include valid secular options;
but there are no voucher programs at HUD in which this is the case.
Thus, as long as your organization follows program rules, including the separation in
time/place requirement, and program beneficiaries understand the completely
voluntary nature of their participation in your organization's religious service offering
- and your organization possesses the capacity to deliver the services for which
HUD funds you -- HUD welcomes you to its competitive process.
8. How can our organization receive more specific guidance?
HUD offers assistance in a number of ways. The Center participates in regional
White House conferences and state-sponsored conferences which contain
presentations on this material. You can also contact your regional or local faith-
based liaison, and you can find contact information on our website. You can contact
the Center and someone here will be glad to assist you.
1
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
Office of Community Planning and Development
Special Attention of: NOTICE: CPD 04-10
All CPD Office Directors Issued: September 29, 2004
All CPD Field Office Directors
All CPD Formula Grantees Expires: September 29, 2005
All HOPWA, Supportive Housing, Shelter Plus Care,
and Youthbuild Grantees
SUBJECT: Guidelines for Ensuring Equal Treatment of Faith-based Organizations
participating in the HOME, CDBG, HOPE 3, HOPWA, Emergency Shelter Grants,
Shelter Plus Care, Supportive Housing, and Youthbuild Programs
Table of Contents:
I. Purpose
II. Background
III. General Guidance
IV. Applicability
V. Effective Date for Grant Agreements
VI. Cost Allocation
VII. Disposition of Property
VIII. Monitoring Faith-based Organizations Activities
I. Purpose:
The purpose of this Notice is to provide guidance to HOME, CDBG, HOPE 3,
HOPWA, Emergency Shelter Grants, Supportive Housing, Shelter Plus Care, and
Youthbuild grantees covered by the September 30, 2003, final rule on ensuring equal
treatment of faith-based organizations in CPD programs. This Notice will provide
guidance to CPD field staff and grantees on their responsibilities, answer some questions
raised, and provide direction on how HUD will administer its responsibilities under this
regulation.
Distribution: W-3-1 form HUD-21-B
2
II. Background:
On December 12, 2002, Executive Order 13279 was issued, requiring federal
departments to treat all organizations fairly and without regard to religion in federal
programs. It is HUD policy that, within the framework of constitutional church-state
guidelines, faith-based organizations should be able to compete on an equal footing with
other organizations for federal funding. Accordingl y, organizations that are faith-based
are eligible, on the same basis as any other organization, to participate in HUD’s
programs and activities. Neither the federal government nor a state or local government
receiving funds under a HUD program or activity shall discriminate against an
organization on the basis of the organization’s religious character or affiliation. HUD
supports the participation of faith-based organizations in its programs.
III. General Guidance:
The new rule revises HUD regulations to remove barriers to the participation of
faith-based organizations in the programs listed above. In doing so, the preamble to the
rule stresses that all program participants should compete on equal footing and be subject
to the same requirements. In implementing this rule, HUD and grantees in the formula
programs—HOME, CDBG, ESG, and HOPWA, should be conscious that requirements
for documentation, reporting, monitoring, and use should be applied to all entities across
the board. If a formula grant recipient has procedures in place, these procedures should
be applied to all subrecipients without regard to their religious or secular status. Equality
of treatment should be the guiding principle in implementing the regulations.
As with any regulatory change, the new rule requires clarification on several
fronts in order to ensure a uniform and accurate implementation in the affected programs.
The purpose of this notice is to provide guidance on certain aspects of the September 30,
2003, final rule. The guidance contained in this notice applies to all eight of the CPD
programs covered by the September 30, 2003, final rule. HUD may issue additional
guidance, as it determines necessary, and as it receives questions and requests for
clarification on the new regulatory requirements.
IV. Applicability:
On September 30, 2003 (68 FR 56396), HUD issued a final rule requiring equal
treatment of faith-based organizations for eight HUD programs administered by its Office
of Community Planning and Development (CPD). In addition, HUD published a final
rule on July 9, 2004 (69 FR 41712) requiring, among other things, that states under the
CDBG program provide equal treatment of faith-based organizations. Copies of the
rules are attached as Appendix A or can be accessed online at
http://www.hud.gov/initiatives/fbci/finalrule.pdf and
http://www.hud.gov/offices/fbci/finalfr070904.pdf. These programs are:
3
1. HOME Investment Partnerships (24 CFR part 92);
2. Community Development Block Grants (CDBG) for Entitlements, States and
HUD-Administered Small Cities and Insular Areas (24 CFR part 570). Including
Economic Development Initiative (EDI), Brownfields (BEDI), and Section 108
Loan Guarantees
3. Hope for Homeownership of Single Family Homes (HOPE 3) (24 CFR part 572)
4. Housing Opportunities for Persons With AIDS (HOPWA) (24 CFR part 574);
5. Emergency Shelter Grants (ESG) (24 CFR part 576);
6. Shelter Plus Care (24 CFR part 582);
7. Supportive Housing (24 CFR part 583); and
8. Youthbuild (24 CFR part 585).
The amendments made by the September 30, 2003, final rule provide policy on
the following:
• Faith-based organizations are eligible for HUD funding on an equal footing with
any other organization.
Organizations competing for HUD funding, including faith-based
organizations, should be assessed on their merits and how well they perform
eligible activities, not on their religious or secular character.
• Faith-based organizations retain their independence.
The rule provides that a faith-based organization that receives HUD funds
will retain its independence from federal, state, and local governments, and may
continue to carry out its mission, including the definition, practice, and expression
of its religious beliefs, provided that it does not use direct HUD funds to support
any inherently religious activities, such as worship, religious instruction, or
proselytization. Among other things, a religious organization retains its authority
over internal governance, may constitute its board on a religious basis, may
display religious symbols and icons, and retains its Title VII exemption, which
permits it to hire only employees that share its religious beliefs without incurring
liability under the Civil Rights Act.
A faith-based organization’s exemption from the federal prohibition on
employment discrimination on the basis of religion, set forth in section 702(a) of
the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 2000e-1(a)), is not forfeited when the
organization receives HUD funding. However, a faith-based organization, like
any other entity participating in a HUD funded program, must comply with all the
statutory requirements of that program. Both the CDBG and HOME programs
contain statutory provisions imposing nondiscrimination requirements on all
grantees and their recipients, subrecipients, subgrantees, and contractors. Section
109 of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1974 as implemented at
24 CFR part 6 and 24 CFR 570.602 and Section 282 of the HOME Investment
Partnership Act as implemented at 24 CFR 92.350 provide that “no person in the
4
United States shall on the grounds of race, color, national origin, religion, or sex
be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to
discrimination under any program or activity funded in whole or in part with
funds made available under this title.” In light of prior court decisions regarding
similarly broad language, one interpretation of this provision is that it means that
any entity being assisted with CDBG or HOME funds may not treat employees or
job applicants differently on a religious basis. Religious organizations that
believe that this substantially burdens their religious freedom may be entitled to
additional protection under the Religious Freedom Restoration Act (42 U.S.C.
4000bb-3, 4000bb-2(1)), which applies to all federal law and its implementation.
Grantees should also be aware that the provisions of Section 109 and Section 282
may pose questions of conformance with Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
and future court rulings could define more specifically the application of these
laws to faith-based organizations.
Since the provisions of Section 109 or Section 282 apply to activities
funded through CDBG or HOME programs, faith-based organizations
administering CDBG or HOME funded activities should be aware that the
nondiscrimination provisions normally apply to employees administering the
activities but clearly not to employees not involved in the activity. To the extent
that a faith-based organization uses an indirect cost method to allocate CDBG or
HOME expenses across the organization, they should be aware that doing so may
trigger nondiscrimination provisions of Section 109 or Section 282 for the whole
organization. The statutory and regulatory coverage is the “program or activity
(funded in whole or in part)” (see 24 CFR 6.3).
• Organizations may not use direct HUD funds to support inherently religious
activities such as worship, religious instruction, or proselytization.
In the context of the regulation, “direct HUD funds” means that the state
or local government, grantee, or an intermediate organization with similar duties
as a governmental entity under a particular HUD program selects an organization
and purchases needed services straight from the organization (e.g., via a contract
or cooperative agreement). “Direct funds,” then, applies as a term both to HUD
funds received by an organization as a competitive grant award and to HUD funds
received through a governmental entity such as an entitlement community,
participating jurisdiction, etc. In contrast, “indirect funding” means that the
choice of service provider is determined by a beneficiary, who pays for the cost of
that service through a voucher, certificate, or other similar means of payment.
An organization that is awarded direct HUD funds may still engage in
inherently religious activities providing they are voluntary for participants in
HUD-funded activities and occur separately in time or location from the HUD-
funded activities. For example, a Bible study that is conducted by a faith-based
organization operating a HUD-funded “soup kitchen” must be separate in time or
location from the meal service and must be voluntary for any recipients of the
5
meal service. Prayers offered before meals are acceptable so long as they are
voluntary and understood to be voluntary by those receiving meal services.
When a grantee’s or subgrantee’s HUD funded program provides a
voucher, certificate or similar means of payment to a program beneficiary and
permits the beneficiary to chose from among a range of service providers, such a
program is typically a form of “indirect” aid. If the beneficiary then chooses a
faith-based provider, the faith-based service provider is exempt from the
prohibition against incorporating inherently religious activities into their provision
of HUD funded services.
• Faith-based organizations, like all organizations implementing HUD-funded
programs, must serve all eligible beneficiaries without regard to religion.
An organization receiving HUD funds may not restrict HUD-funded
services or housing to people of a particular religion or religious denomination.
For example, a church-run community center improved with HUD funds may not
restrict use of the center to members of the church. Likewise, organizations may
not require a particular religious belief or activity as a condition of receiving
benefits or participating in activities provided with HUD funds. Both the CDBG
and the HOME program statutes and regulations prohibit any person from being
denied the benefits of, or being subjected to discrimination, on the basis of
religion under any activity funded in whole or in part with CDBG or HOME
funds. This prohibition would also prevent, for example, an organization from
marketing or advertising housing, facilities or services exclusively to members of
a particular faith. In addition, participating jurisdictions (PJs) should note that the
affirmative marketing requirements of 24 CFR 92.351 apply to HOME-assisted
housing containing five or more assisted units, including the requirement for
outreach to persons in the market area that are “least likely to apply.”
• Faith-based organizations, like other organizations, may receive HUD funds to
acquire, construct, or rehabilitate buildings and other real property as long as the
funds only pay the costs attributable to HUD activities.
Faith-based organizations are no longer required to form a separate,
secular organization to receive HUD funds for real property as they were under
HUD’s former regulations. However, an organization that engages in inherently
religious activities must allocate its costs so that HUD funds are used only for
eligible HUD activities. (Further guidance on cost allocation is provided below.)
Additionally, HUD funds may not be used to acquire or improve sanctuaries,
chapels, or any other room that faith-based entities receiving HUD funds use as
their principal places of worship.
• The statutory provisions defining eligible program applicants remain the same
and are not affected by this rule change.
6
Grantees are reminded that statutory and regulatory provisions that define
eligible applicants still apply. For example, to be certified as a community
housing development organization (CHDO) by a participating jurisdiction (PJ),
faith-based organizations must meet the same requirements as any other entity as
described in 24 CFR 92.2. This includes the requirement that the faith-based
organization be a Section 501(c)(3) or 501(c)(4) organization. A faith-based
organization that is not organized as a 501(c)(3) or 501(c)(4) organization would
not qualify as a CHDO. However, it may create a separate 501(c)(3) or 501(c)(4)
organization that would be eligible to qualify as a CHDO. Similarly, in the
CDBG Entitlement program, community based development organizations
(CBDOs) must meet certain qualification requirements described in 24 CFR
570.204(c). The regulation states that a CBDO must be organized under state or
local law to engage in community development activities, or under Section 301(d)
of the Small Business Investment Act of 1958, or under Sections 501, 502, or 503
of the Small Business Investment Act of 1958.
• The final rule applies to state or local funds if a state or local government
chooses to commingle its own funds with the HUD funds covered by the rule.
V. Effective Date for Grant Agreements:
The new rule is applicable to all future grant agreements, and grant agreements
executed with organizations following the effective date of the final rule (October 30,
2003) must be consistent with the new regulatory provisions. Organizations with
previously executed grant agreements may request that the grantor agency amend those
agreements to reflect the new regulatory provisions, in accordance with the same
procedures applicable to amendments.
For formula grantees, including states under the CDBG, HOME, ESG and
HOPWA programs, the final rule applies to all funds committed, including amendments,
after the effective date of the final rule, October 30, 2003. Grantees under the CDBG,
HOME, ESG and HOPWA programs should review their guidance, procedures,
contracts, agreements, and documents for recipients, subrecipients, subgrantees, and
contractors to be sure that all documents and agreements are in compliance with the new
regulations. In order to ensure equal treatment, grantees should revise guidance where
necessary to remove barriers to the participation of faith-based organizations.
For grantees of competitively awarded programs, the final rule applies to any
subgrants or contracts advertised, competed, or awarded after October 30, 2003,
including any continuing transactions or amendments with subgrantees or contractors.
7
VI. Cost Allocation:
Each grantee, particularly the formula program grantees, should establish a policy
for determining cost allocation between eligible and ineligible activities for all capital
improvement projects that is consistent with the applicable program rules. The policy
should be applied to all recipients and subrecipients in an equal, impartial manner. The
policy should include record-keeping requirements, fair market value, reporting
requirements, and any procedures for terminating participation in the program.
▪ The new rule introduced a significant change to the use of HUD funds for the
acquisition and improvement of physical property by eliminating the requirement that
faith-based grantees and subrecipients establish a separate, secular nonprofit
organization to receive funding for the acquisition, construction, reconstruction, or
rehabilitation of buildings. Faith-based organizations may now receive HUD funding
for structures in which both eligible activities and inherently religious activities occur
so long as the costs are allocated according to the extent of the eligible activities.
▪ Funds awarded for social services activities may be allocated according to space or
time. Allocating funds by space is relevant in circumstances in which individual
rooms or other discreet areas within a larger structure are used solely for ineligible
activities (i.e., inherently religious activities). Allocating funds by time is relevant
when individual rooms or structures are used for both eligible and ineligible
activities.
▪ When allocating funds according to time, the proportion of total cost borne by HUD
funding shall be no greater than the proportion of time the space is used for eligible
activities. For example, the total cost to rehabilitate two rooms is $10,000 and the
rooms are used for eligible activities 50% of the time (total hours used per week is 40,
and 20 hours each week is for eligible activities). In this example, no more than
$5,000 of HUD funds may be used for the proposed rehabilitation.
▪ When allocating funds according to space, whether for acquisition, rehabilitation, or
social service activities, important measures such as square footage and numbers of
rooms should be used in the calculation. The cost of space used for eligible activities
should be subtracted from the total cost. Improvements that benefit the entire
building, such as a boiler or roof repairs, should be allocated accordingly.
Special Considerations:
The CDBG program represents a special case on the topic of allocating funds on
any basis other than religious use. The CDBG Entitlement regulation at 24 CFR
570.200(b) is the only HUD regulation that speaks to allocating costs of eligible
public facilities, and it limits cost allocation to considerations of space, but not time.
For this reason, HUD will consider waivers to permit cost allocation by time with
CDBG Entitlement funds.
8
HOME program funds may only be used to assist affordable housing. The
HOME program does not fund social services or space used by social service
programs. Therefore, a cost allocation method based on time is not applicable to the
HOME program. The HOME regulations at 24 CFR 92.205(d) address the issue of
cost allocation in multi-unit housing projects with both eligible and ineligible units or
space. Additional guidance is provided in Notice CPD 98-02 “Allocating Costs and
Identifying HOME-Assisted Units in Multi-Unit Projects” (March 18, 1998).
HOME-assisted common space must be reserved for the general use of the residents
on a non-discriminatory basis. The HOME rule does not define how residents may
use this space. If residents wish to use the common space for activities of a religious
nature, this is permissible as long as this is not the only use of the common space,
preference is not provided for religious uses, participation is voluntary, and
participation is limited to residents and their guests. In addition, just as equipment
and artifacts used for any activity organized in common spaces must be removed after
the activity has terminated, any religious, artifacts, or equipment placed in the
common area for religious activity must be removed at the conclusion of the activity.
▪ The new rule clarifies that religious congregations may not receive HUD funds for
improvements to sanctuaries, chapels, or any other room that the congregation uses as
its principal place of worship, even if the room is used for eligible activities during
non-worship times. Organizations that lease space to a religious congregation to use
as its principal place of worship, however, may receive HUD funds for improvements
to the structure, provided (1) the space is leased at fair market rent, and (2) the funds
are allocated by time according to the eligible activities for which the space is used.
▪ The following provide examples of the application of the new rules regarding capital
expenditures:
Example 1 (ineligibility of a room used as a principal place of worship). A
one-room church applies for CDBG funds to make several necessary repairs. On
Sunday morning, the church serves as a place for congregational worship. During
weekdays, the church is used to operate a “soup kitchen” for homeless individuals.
Accordingly, except for the few hours on Sunday morning when the church holds
worship services, the one-room church is used for the purpose of providing meals to
homeless individuals—a purpose that is eligible for HUD assistance. However, the
one-room church is ineligible for CDBG-funded improvements because it is the
congregation’s principal place of worship.
Example 2 (eligibility of rooms located within a building that includes the
principal place of worship). A synagogue with several rooms applies for CDBG
funds to do necessary rehabilitation only to its “soup kitchen,” which is operated from
two rooms located within the synagogue basement. The congregation does not use
these rooms as its principal place of worship; they are used exclusively for the “soup
kitchen.” Accordingly, the rehabilitation of the two rooms is eligible for CDBG
assistance.
9
Example 3 (eligibility of structure formerly used as a principal place of
worship). A mosque purchases an abandoned church and applies for HUD funding to
renovate it and use it as an elderly daycare center. The planned renovation will retain
the existing exterior facade of the former church, including the stained-glass
windows. The mosque will not conduct inherently religious activities within the new
daycare center. Although the proposed rehabilitation involves a building formerly
used as a church, the entire renovation is eligible for HUD funding because the
building will be used solely for eligible HUD activities.
Example 4 (cost allocation based on space). A church applies for HUD
funding to construct a homeless shelter, which will contain several rooms for use as a
shelter as well as a one-room chapel to be used for weekly religious services and
nightly prayer meetings. With the exception of the chapel, the homeless shelter will
be used exclusively for eligible HUD-funded activities; no inherently religious
activities, such as worship or religious instruction, will be conducted outside of the
chapel. Homeless individuals staying at the shelter will be offered the opportunity to
participate in the religious services, but attendance will be voluntary. HUD may
assist the construction on an allocated basis by excluding the costs of the chapel.
Example 5 (cost allocation based on time). A church applies for CDBG
funding to make repairs to a gymnasium within a larger building complex that also
contains its sanctuary and offices. The gymnasium is in use 40 hours a week. For
four hours each weekday (20 hours per week), the gymnasium is used to operate a
nonreligious recreation center for at-risk youth, a program that is otherwise eligible
for HUD assistance. For the remainder of time during which the gymnasium is in use
(20 hours per week), the congregation uses the gymnasium for a variety of activities,
including religious programs that are ineligible for HUD assistance. While the gym is
a discrete space in the complex, because it is used for both eligible and ineligible
activities, the costs must be allocated based on time, should the church secure a
waiver to the CDBG space cost allocation requirements (see example 4 above).
VII. Disposition of Property:
Under the new rule disposition by a faith-based organization of real property after
the term of the grant, or any change in the use of the real property during the term of the
grant, is subject to the government-wide regulations governing real property disposition.
These general regulations are found at 24 CFR part 84 (for institutions of higher
education, hospitals, and other nonprofit organizations) and 24 CFR part 85 (for state,
local, and federally recognized Indian tribal governments). Pursuant to § 84.37, real
property, equipment, intangible property, and debt instruments that are acquired or
improved with federal funds must be held in trust by the faith-based organization as
trustees for the beneficiaries of the project or program under which the property was
acquired or improved. The faith-based organization will record liens or other appropriate
10
notices of record to indicate that personal or real property has been acquired or improved
with federal funds and that use and disposition conditions apply to the property.
With regards to the acquisition and disposition of real property, parts 84 and 85
generally require that, except as otherwise provided in federal statute, the faith-based
organization must use the real property for the originally authorized purpose as long as
needed for that purpose. The faith-based organization may not dispose of, or encumber,
its title or other interest in the property. When the real property is no longer needed for
the originally authorized purpose, the faith-based organization must request disposition
instructions from HUD or the grantee. HUD or the grantee may authorize the faith-based
organization to sell or retain title to the real property, but only after compensating HUD
for the federal assistance. Alternatively, HUD or the grantee may require the faith-based
organization to transfer title to HUD, the grantee, or an eligible third-party, and
compensate the faith-based organization for its attributable percentage of the current fair
market value of the property. Faith-based organizations should refer to 24 CFR parts 84
and 85 for more specific requirements regarding the disposition of property (see § 84.32
and § 85.31).
Special Considerations:
The regulatory requirement subjecting property disposition to parts 84 and 85
applies when some part of the assisted property has been used by the recipient for
inherently religious activities (such as worship or religious instruction) or when the
owner of the property is a religious or faith-based organization.
While many of the covered CPD programs have statutory or regulatory provisions
governing change of use and disposition of assisted properties, these provisions are not
necessarily sufficient to satisfy constitutional safeguards required by the Supreme Court
when a faith based organization receives HUD assistance. Therefore, the September 30,
2003, regulations make the provisions of parts 84 and 85 governing property disposition
and change of use applicable to these programs along with the program-specific
provisions. Note that while § 84.32 only relates to disposition of property, § 84.37
permits HUD to apply use and disposition requirements to properties acquired or
improved with federal funds. In practice, this means that at the time of a change in use or
disposition of HUD-improved property, HUD will apply the analysis of § 84.32 in
permitting the disposition or change of use of the improved property. Conveyance of
homeownership units to private families does not pose a risk of violation of the
separation of church and state, so there are no additional requirements imposed for
conveyance homeownership properties by faith-based organizations to eligible
homebuyers.
ESG: While section 415(c) of the McKinney Vento Homeless Assistance Act requires
the grantee to certify that the assisted property will be used for at least 10 years in the
case of major rehabilitation assistance or 3 years for other rehabilitation assistance, when
a faith-based organization holds title to property acquired or improved with ESG funds, §
84.32 applies as well.
11
SHP: Section 423(b) of the McKinney Vento Homeless Assistance Act requires that
property acquired, constructed, or rehabilitated with grant funds will be used for
supportive housing for at least 20 years (unless HUD permits the conversion of the
property to another use benefiting low-income persons). If the property is used for less
than 20 years, the statute requires repayment of up to 100 percent of the original
assistance provided. When a faith-based organization holds title to property acquired or
improved with SHP funds, the amount to be repaid to the program account will be the
greater of either the statutorily-derived amount or the amount determined under § 84.32.
Youthbuild: Section 84.32 governs the change of use or disposition of properties
acquired or improved with Youthbuild funds.
HOPWA: Section 858(b) of the AIDS Housing Opportunity Act requires that certain
HOPWA-assisted property will be used for AIDS short-term supportive housing for at
least 10 years if acquired or substantially rehabilitated with HOPWA funds or at least
three years if leased, renovated, converted, or repaired with HOPWA funds (unless HUD
permits the conversion of the property to another use benefiting low-income persons).
When a faith-based organization holds title to property acquired or improved with
HOPWA funds, disposition and change of use is governed by § 84.32.
HOME: The affordability period for rental housing required by section 215(a)(1)(E) and
implemented at 24 CFR 92.252 is not necessarily sufficient to satisfy the constitutional
safeguards required by the Supreme Court. Therefore, when a faith-based organization
holds title to property acquired or improved with HOME funds, it is subject to the
requirements of § 84.32 after the affordability period.
CDBG: Properties owned by faith-based organizations are subject to the requirements of
§ 84.32, not the general CDBG subrecipient property disposition requirements of 24 CFR
570.503(b)(7) or 570.489(j).
VIII. Monitoring Faith-Based Organizations’ Activities:
▪ Like any recipient of HUD funds, faith-based organizations are responsible for
complying with HUD regulations. Therefore, they must carefully account for the
use of those funds and ensure that funds are used only for eligible activities. They
should be monitored with no more or no less scrutiny than any other HUD-funded
organization to ensure compliance with program requirements.
▪ HUD funded grantees should make faith-based organizations aware of the
conditions pertaining to the use of HUD funds through the same common and
regular procedures used to advise all recipients, subrecipients, subgrantees and
contractors of funding availability and program requirements.
June 14, 2018
City of Iowa City Council
410 E. Washington Street
Iowa City, IA 52240
RE: Johnson County SEATS and Iowa City Transit Contracts
Dear City of Iowa City Council Members and Mayor:
The Housing and Community Development Commission (HCDC) voted to recommend that transit
service in Iowa City be extended at our meeting of June 21, 2018. Supported extensions of transit
service include the following:
1) Late Nights Service: Extending night service would better accommodate our city’s
workforce, especially for second- and third-shift workers. Some workers have indicated
they have even turned down shifts because of a lack of affordable transportation; and
2) Sunday Service: Our community has developed and invested in wonderful festivals, such
as the Iowa City Jazz Festival, Iowa Arts Festival, Fourth of July fireworks, Iowa City Book
Festival, Iowa Soul Festival, and many more. However, many people cannot stay late at
the festivals or attend on Sundays due to the lack of transit service at 6:30 pm on Fridays
and Saturdays.
We must serve all members of our community and encourage their desire for gainful employment
and enjoyable family centered entertainment.
We support similar expansion in forthcoming negotiations with Johnson County for SEATS
paratransit service, in addition to regular fixed-route transit service.
Sincerely,
Harry Olmstead, Chair
Housing and Community Development Commission
CITY OF IOWA CITY
MEMORANDUM
Date: May 24, 2018
To: Mayor and Council
From: Geoff Fruin, City Manager
Re: Transit Study Consultant Selection
The FY19 budget contains funds to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the Iowa City transit
system routes, hours of operation and pass/transfer policies. As previously discussed, staff
reached out to the University of Iowa and nearby communities to gauge their interest in
partnering on the study. Both the University of Iowa and the City of Coralville have expressed
interest in further exploring how they might participate in such a study.
In our discussions, there was great enthusiasm about the potential benefits of a study to each
individual agency, and more importantly to the public. However, at this time it is very difficult to
define a scope of service with enough specificity that firm proposals could be solicited as is
typical with a Request for Proposal (RFP) process. In order to keep the project moving forward,
I am recommending a slightly modified process for the development of a scope and selection of
a consultant.
I am recommending that staff begins to develop a Request for Qualifications (RFQ) document
that can be used to solicit interest from industry consultants. The RFQ would generally describe
the goals of the study and request information related to the firm's experience with similar
studies, ideas for approach to our particular project, and a general framework for their cost
structure. My hope is that a team of staff from all three participating entities can identify the most
qualified and well-suited consultant through this process and utilize their expertise to craft a
detailed scope of service that will meet our individual and collective needs. Subsequently, staff
would negotiate a price and cost-share agreement for the study.
With City Council concurrence, staff will begin drafting the RFQ document. Prior to issuance,
we will share the document with the University of Iowa and Coralville and request their
feedback. I also hope that we can schedule a work session in July so that you can provide your
goals for the study and your ambitions for our transit system in general. This discussion will
help staff as we work to select the consultant and develop a scope.
Please let me know if you have any hesitations with this process or if you would like to schedule
a discussion before staff spends the time working on the RFQ process.
05-24-'ffi--
IPS
2015
Jeremy Endsley, Laura Jackson
Community Transportation Committee
11/15/2015
Community Transportation Survey
Introduction
Transportation to work is essential for
finding and maintaining employment. For
those who depend exclusively on public
transit services to get to work, limited
services can narrow available employment
options, creating a major roadblock to
securing a viable livelihood. Personal
reports suggest there are limited public
transportation options in Iowa City,
Coralville, and North Liberty for workers,
including those accessing public services
such as emergency shelters, food pantries,
and neighborhood centers. The Community
Transportation Committee conducted a
survey at several of these locations in order
to investigate whether transportation
problems are a widespread phenomenon.
Improving transportation options for
workers has many benefits both for
individuals and for the economic prosperity
of the region.
This report explores the results of research
on barriers to employment related to public
transit in Iowa City, Coralville, and North
Liberty for individuals accessing public
services. The purpose of our research was
to provide a clearer picture of whether
there are gaps in transportation services for
workers and, if gaps exist, to determine
which transportation services are most
needed. This report also provides examples
of transportation programs in other
communities and suggests how they might
be used as models for future transportation
initiatives in Johnson County.
Linkage between Transportation and
Employment
Providing inclusive transportation options
benefits workers by increasing job
opportunities, promoting self-sufficiency,
and extending pathways for career
advancement. According to the National
Coalition for the Homeless Employment
Report, 30% of survey respondents
reported that transportation was a barrier
to employment (Acuña and Erlenbusch,
2009).
Providing more transportation options also
benefits the local economy by providing an
adequate workforce and enhancing
investment. According to the American
Public Transportation Association, every $1
invested in public transportation generates
approximately $4 in economic returns,
every $10 million in capital investment in
public transportation yields $30 million in
increased business sales, and every $1
billion invested in public transportation
supports and creates more than 50,000
jobs.
Public transportation
provides personal mobility
and freedom for people from
every walk of life. – American
Public Transportation Association
Home values performed 42 percent better
on average if they were located near public
transportation with high-frequency
service (American Public Transportation
Association, 2016).
Another benefit of improved public
transportation is the "agglomeration
economy effect" to which it can lead. The
agglomeration economy effect refers to
increased population density and access,
which can increase businesses' potential
employees and customers, as well as
facilitate collaboration and innovation
through increased sharing of
information (Weisbrod & Reno, 2009).
Current Public Transportation Options
Current public transportation services in
Iowa City, Coralville, and North Liberty
consist of fixed bus routes and on-demand
services, including a free fixed route bus
service for students of the University of
Iowa. Iowa City and Coralville both have
daytime and night time bus service;
however Coralville buses run an hour earlier
and later than Iowa City buses. Bus service
to North Liberty is provided by Coralville
transit and currently runs twice daily.
To enhance access to public transportation
services, the City of Iowa City provides
1,220 free bus passes monthly to low-
income individuals through social service
agencies. Iowa City Transit also has
discounts for people who receive Medicaid
and people over 60 years of age ($0.50 per
ticket versus $1.00), and people who have
disabilities receive free services during off-
peak hours. Coralville Transit provides
service to Coralville and North Liberty with
discounted fares for people who are 65 or
over, or have a disability, at $0.50 per
ticket, versus $1.00. Neither city currently
provides free bus tickets to service
agencies.
25%
Only one quarter of low-skill
to mid-skill jobs (and 1/3 of
high-skilled jobs) are
available to metropolitan
commuters within 90
minutes via transit.
Figure 1– Tomer, Kneebone, Puentes, & Berube, 2011
Transportation Service Service Type Hours of operation Population Served
Iowa City Transit Fixed Route 6:30 am to 11:00 pm M-F
6:30 am to 7:30 pm Sat
General Public
Iowa City Transit Low-
Income and Disabled
Discounts
Fixed Route 6:30 am to 11:00 pm M-F
6:30 am to 7:30 pm Sat
Low-income and people with
disabilities
Coralville Transit Fixed Route 6:00 am to 11:45 pm M-F
7:15 am to 7:30 pm Sat
General Public
North Liberty Service
(Through Coralville Transit)
Fixed Route 6:30 am to 7:30 am M-F
5:00 pm to 6:00 pm M-F
General Public
Cambus (University of Iowa) Fixed Route 6:00 am to 12:40 am M-
Sun
Free to public
Bionic Bus
(University of Iowa)
On- Demand
Paratransit
6:30 am to 12:30 am M-F
12:00 pm-12:30 am Sat-
Sun
Faculty, students, and staff
with permanent or temporary
disabilities.
Safe Ride Service
(University of Iowa)
On- Demand Friday and Saturday
nights from 12:10 am to
2:10 am during the
academic year (end of
August to mid-May)
Free to general public
Johnson County Seats
(Iowa City)
On- Demand
Paratransit
6:00 am to 11:45 pm M-F
7:15 am to 7:30 pm Sat
Open to the general public
Johnson County Seats
(Coralville)
On- Demand
Paratransit
6:00 am to 11:45 pm M-F
7:15 am to 7:30 pm Sat
Open to the general public
Johnson County Seats
(North Liberty)
On-Demand
Paratransit
7:00 am, 11:00 am, &
4:30 pm M-F
Open to the general public
Johnson County Seats
(Morse, Solon, Shueyville,
Sutliff, Swisher)
On- Demand
Paratransit
Monday, Tuesday &
Thursday from 8:30 a.m.
to 4:30 p.m.
Open to the general public
Johnson County Seats
(Oxford, Tiffin, Cosgrove)
On- Demand
Paratransit
Tuesday and Thursday
from 8:30 a.m. to 4:30
p.m.
Open to the general public
Johnson County Seats (Lone
Tree, Sharon Center, Hills,
Frytown)
On- Demand
Paratransit
Monday, Wednesday,
and Friday from 8:30
a.m. to 4:30 p.m.
Open to the general public
Elder Services Medical
Transportation
On-Demand As scheduled People who are 60 years of
age or older
Figure 2 Transportation Services in Iowa City, Coralville, and North Liberty
0
Assessing Gaps in
Transportation
Services: Community
Transportation Survey
Purpose
The purpose of the Community
Transportation survey was to assess
whether transportation was a barrier to
employment for workers in Iowa City,
Coralville, and North Liberty. And, if
transportation was a barrier to
employment, to determine what gaps in
transportation services were the most
common.
Methodology
Community Transportation Surveys were
collected during the first two weeks of
November in 2015. A total of 157 surveys
were collected from six locations including
the North Liberty Community Pantry,
Coralville Ecumenical Pantry, The Crisis
Center of Johnson County, Shelter House,
the Center for Worker Justice, and at the
Homeless Stand Down event held at the
Robert A Lee Recreation Center. Surveys
were conducted in the lobby or waiting area
of each location. As individuals were seated
in the waiting area, each was offered a
survey. Surveys were distributed in English
and Spanish.
Results
Residence
The largest group of respondents consisted
of residents of Iowa City, followed by
Coralville. A smaller number of surveys
were collected in North Liberty than Iowa
City or Coralville because fewer individuals
visited the North Liberty Pantry compared
to the other survey locations.
Barriers to employment
Respondents were asked whether, in the
past year, they had lost a job, turned down
a job, or given up looking for a job they
wanted due to poor transportation options.
Forty percent of respondents reported
turning down a job because of poor
transportation. Thirty-five percent reported
that they had lost a job and thirty percent
reported that they gave up looking for a job
they wanted (n=140). Among respondents
who had lost, turned down, or gave up
Among respondents who
lost, turned down, or gave
up looking for
employment due to
transportation, 11pm was
the most common time
that their shift started,
followed by 7am.
1
looking for employment due to
transportation, 11pm was the most
common time that their shift started,
followed by 7am (n=77).
Gaps in Transportation Services
The main challenges accessing public transit
to get to work or a job interview reported
by respondents were that the bus did not
run when they needed it and did not run as
frequently as needed (n=142). The most
difficult days to get to work or a job
interview using public transit in order of
difficulty were Sunday, Saturday, and
Friday, as reported by respondents. The
most difficult times to get to work were late
night (9pm to Midnight), early morning
(Midnight to 7am), and evening (6pm to
9pm), which fall outside regular hours of
operation for Iowa City Transit and
Coralville Transit.
Demographics
Sixty percent of the survey respondents
reported their race as White, thirty percent
Black, four percent Latino, two percent
American Indian, one percent Asian, and
two percent multi-racial. Seventeen percent
of respondents reported they were of
Hispanic origin. Twenty percent of
respondents had a disability that made it
difficult to use a car, bus, or required a
wheelchair lift. Fifty-six percent of
respondents earned less than ten thousand
dollars per year.
Discussion
Gaps in Transportation Services
Early morning and late night services were
the most requested transit features
according to our survey. Specifically,
7:00am and 11pm were the most
frequently requested times. Frequency of
service was also an issue.
Though the sample size of respondents
living in North Liberty was small, many
respondents who were not residents of
North Liberty requested better bus service
to the city.
Consistent with the 2009 findings of the
National Coalition for the Homeless, 30% of
respondents we surveyed reported that
they had lost, quit, or gave up looking for a
job due to lack of transportation (Acuña and
Erlenbusch, 2009).
Financial Barriers to Transportation and
Employment
One challenge faced by workers accessing
public services is that bus passes are often
out of reach for financial reasons. Agencies
such as Shelter House and the Crisis Center
give out bus passes, but this service is a
Thirty-five percent of respondents
reported that they had lost a job
due to limited transportation
choices.
2
burdensome expenditure for small non-
profits and the demand for passes far
exceeds the supply. Another financial
difficulty is the paycheck gap. Even when
employment is found, without an
immediate source of funding available,
workers still may not be able to afford to
ride the bus until they receive their first
paycheck. This narrows employment
options to those that are within walking
distance, limiting both type of jobs people
can apply for and the pay rate they can
achieve.
Recommendations
Extend Current Iowa City Bus Services
Currently, Iowa City morning bus service
begins at 6:30 am and night service ends at
11:00 pm, while Coralville morning service
begins at 6:00 am and night service ends at
11:45 pm. In order to increase the ease of
commuting for workers between the three
cities, Iowa City could extend bus hours on
some routes one hour earlier and one hour
later, allowing time for passengers to get to
and from work on time. This change would
positively impact many industries such as
restaurants, janitorial, manufacturing,
grocery stores, retail, security, and many
others.
Consider New Forms of Transit
New programs such as vanpools, subsidized
taxis, and low cost transportation programs
could provide many new options for
workers to reach employers. These
programs should start small and scale to
demand. Once demand can be assessed,
more decisions can be made. City, County,
State, and foundation funding sources could
support more transportation options.
Ideally, State special project transportation
funding would be used to initiate programs
and City and County funding would provide
subsidies. User fees could be charged,
except on low-barrier services.
Vanpool Services
A vanpool service would be beneficial if
there are groups of people going to the
same or closely located places to work.
Vanpools can be operated by one or more
organizations in order to serve workers who
have limited options to obtain
transportation to work, such as people who
start or end work shifts outside of the
operating hours of public transit, people
who work at locations not located near a
bus route, or people experiencing
homelessness.
Typically, vanpools employ a driver who
works at a particular employer to drive a
van of other employees to work. The driver
is allowed to take the vehicle home and is
allotted a certain amount of extra miles.
A vanpool program would be beneficial to
the city to complement an expansion of bus
service hours, so that the two approaches
could target community needs in a cost-
effective way.
Subsidized taxis
A subsidized taxi service would be
particularly helpful in cutting down transit
time for people working and balancing
other responsibilities at home, such as
raising children. Transportation can take a
long time if individuals do not live close to
where they work or if they have to take one
or more transfers to get to work, which can
present challenges to working people. It
would also be very helpful for people who
work second or third shift, when buses are
not running. The service would also benefit
taxi companies, because they would get
more business from it; the compensation
would simply come from the subsidy
instead of the client.
Low-barrier Transportation to Work
Programs
A low-barrier transportation to work
program can take various forms. It could be
a free vanpool for those who qualify, a
program which disperses free bus passes to
those who qualify, free taxi vouchers for
those who qualify, or any other program
which provides free transportation to
individuals who do not otherwise have
access (due to homelessness, loss of
employment, etc.). The idea of low-barrier
transportation to work programs is to
provide initial transportation so individuals
can apply for, obtain, and maintain
employment. Once these individuals are
self-sufficient, they would no longer qualify
for the program and their spot would be
taken by another qualified individual.
The idea of low-cost transportation to work programs is to
provide initial transportation so individuals can apply for,
obtain, and maintain employment.
Case Studies
Subsidized taxis
Olathe, Kansas Subsidized Taxi Program
The city of Olathe, Kansas also has a successful subsidized taxi program which was started in
1974. Olathe has a slightly larger population than Iowa City at around 130,000. The taxi
program has roughly 500 participants and provides approximately 40,000 ri des per year. The
city of Olathe puts out a request for proposal every 5 years, and taxi companies apply for the
contract.
In Olathe's program, there are three types of coupons for subsidized rides: personal coupon -
must be 60 or older or disabled to qualify (21 rides per month allowed), medical coupon- must
be 60 or older or disabled to qualify (21 rides per month allowed), and employment coupon -
must be at 150% poverty level to qualify currently under Job Access and Reverse Commute
(JARC) program funding standards; when JARC no longer funds the program, must be at 80% of
HUD to qualify under community block grant standards. The work program is the most utilized
with around 20,000 one way trips provided per year.
In order to participate in the program, clients must fill out an application and become accepted;
riders then call dispatch to set up a ride. Once riders have established a relationship with a taxi
driver, many call that driver directly to set up rides. The price to riders is $3.50 per book, with
10 rides per book (35% of normal fare). The riders purchase coupon books from the city transit
authority and give coupons to the drivers, and then the taxi company submits bills for rides to
the city and is reimbursed by the city. The city also provides two ADA accessible vans to the taxi
company for the program.
The annual cost of the program is approximately $550,000. The program receives $198,000
from city funds, $198,000 from federal grant funds, $140,000 in sales, $15,000-$40,000 in
additional county block grant funds.
Olathe calculated the economic benefits of this program to the community. In 2015, Olathe had
approximately 155 participants in the work program. For sake of simplicity, they assumed each
of those individuals worked 20 hours a week and made minimum wage at $7.25 per hour which
would be $145.00 weekly wages or $7,540.00 yearly. $7,540.00 x 155 participants is
$1,168,700.00 per year in wages that wouldn’t be in the community otherwise. Program
administrators used these conservative numbers due to some of the participants who go to
work preparation locations or workshops where they are paid a piecemeal rate that doesn’t
amount to much. (A. Hollister, personal communication, January 7, 2016)
Nobles County Heartland Express/Worthington Taxi
Prairieland Transit System
Another example of a successful subsidized taxi program is the Nobles County Heartland
Express/Worthington Taxi Prairieland Transit System. Part of the fare for taxi rides is paid by the
transit organization, and rides in the city are provided by Worthington Taxi. Express buses are
available for people who need ADA accessible transportation. The program is funded by
Minnesota DOT Public Transit funding, and the partnership and shared dispatch system
between the public and private agencies allowed the subsidy to be applied to users of both the
express buses and taxis. (Minnesota Council on Transportation Access, 2011)
Low cost Employment Transportation Programs
HIRTA Public Transit
The Goodwill career connection center in Newton, Iowa was awarded a $2,000 grant from
Theisen's, which will be used to partner with the local Salvation Army and HIRTA to provide
rides to eligible clients who need to go on job interviews and also for transp ortation to and
from their new job for the first two weeks of employment. This is one of four projects that was
awarded out of 330 applicants. (HIRTA, 2015)
Opportunity Center for the Homeless
Opportunity Center for the Homeless is an organization located in El Paso, TX consisting of two
homeless shelters. The organization helps people who are homeless with a range of issues,
including employment. To assist clients with their transportation needs, the Opportunity Center
operates two 15-passenger vans, one dispatcher, and three drivers. Transportation services run
five days a week starting at 5:45 am and continuing until 5:30 pm. This service averages 100
passengers a day.
Clients from all 29 El Paso Coalition for the Homeless agencies are able to call to schedule daily
rides. The transportation office keeps an updated advance appointment book, and the
dispatcher will make a reminder call the day before the client’s appointment. The
transportation program has been in operation since 1999, and the vans log well over 100,000
miles a year. (Opportunity Center for the Homeless, 2011)
Wheels to Work
Wheels to work, a program in Sacramento CA, is a collaboration between Paratransit Inc.,
Women’s Empowerment, the Sacramento Housing Alliance, Sacramento Steps Forward, the
Department of Human Assistance, the California Department of Rehabilitation and other
homeless and housing service providers. Two 14-passenger vans operated by Paratransit
Community Outreach Ambassadors constructed a program that provide homeless people in
Sacramento, California, with transportation, employment, search services, health resources and
training about how to use public transit. The vans are used to transport homeless people to job
interviews, training programs, access a mobile computer lab, and reach several key service
sites. The program also employs formerly homeless women who utilize the program in an
apprentice-style fashion, teaching them skills to work for the program. The program started in
2009, when a local casino donated 2 vans to Sacramento Steps Forward. In the case of Wheels
to Work, Paratransit used JARC funds (as a sub recipient of the Department of Human
Assistance) to register, insure, repair and retrofit the two vans, adding them to its vehicle fleet.
(Hamameh, 2015)
Community Vanpools
Olympia, Washington Intercity Transit
Olympia, Washington Intercity Transit is a mid-sized system serving Olympia (population
approx. 48,000) and its neighboring communities. Intercity’s vanpool program began in 1982
with a grant from the state. Fare box recovery funds support all direct oper ating costs
associated with the vanpool program. Additional support from the state department of
transportation in the form of a 25 percent match pays for the cost of each van within five years.
If needed, new vanpools are also supported with a 3/2/1 seat subsidy provided by Intercity.
During the first month of operation, up to three empty seats of an eight-passenger van are
subsidized. Two empty seats are subsidized during the second month and one during the third
month of operation.
In addition to traditional vanpool service, the agency supports two other programs,
Connectivity Vans and Village Vans. These programs provide access to employment and
community services to populations that may otherwise lack affordable transportation options.
Community Vans provides retired vans to human service organizations and government
agencies located in the transit service area for use to transport workers, volunteers and
customers. Village Vans assists low-income citizens with transportation to jobs or job search
locations. Since 2006, vanpool ridership has increased by nearly 80 percent. In 2009, Intercity
was named the best transit system in the nation in its size category by the American Public
Transportation Association. (Transportation to Work, 2009)
JobJet in Carroll, Iowa
A more local vanpool example is JobJet in Carroll, Iowa. JobJet is a regional vanpool program
serving six rural Iowa counties: Audubon, Carroll, Crawford, Greene, Guthrie and Sac. The
program grew from a concept suggested by two local employers, Tyson’s Food and Farmland
Foods, and is marketed as one that supports local economic development in conjunction with
providing transportation access to work. The program is organized and managed by the Region
XII Council of Governments (COG). Region XII operates the local public transit system and
strongly promotes regional economic and workforce development.
JobJet, modeled on similar vanpool programs in Des Moines and other municipalities in the
state, is the first vanpool program to serve rural residents. The program coordinates work
schedules and locations to arrange workers into groups of 4 to 10 people for each of the six
vanpools. Vanpool members live in close proximity to one another, work in the same general
location and have similar work hours. Riders meet at a central location and travel to and from
work together, or set a route and time schedule. The driver is responsible for collecting fares
and seeing that the vanpool runs smoothly. JobJet owns and maintains the vans.
Region XII staff trains drivers from among the participants in each group. Drivers ride free of
charge and keep the vans at their home before collecting riders. They are allowed 100 miles of
personal vehicle use each month, most likely for side trips in conjunction with their trip to work.
If they exceed that limit, they are charged for additional miles on a per-mile basis. Program
funding support includes an initial amount of $146,000 from Iowa’s Congestion Management
and Air Quality Improvement Program funds and the Iowa Department of Transportation
special project funding. (Transportation to Work, 2009)
Conclusion
Our research investigated transportation
gaps in Iowa City, Coralville, and North
Liberty IA in 2015. A survey was conducted
at several locations to examine the most
prevalent transportation needs in the
community. The results of the study
indicated that 7:00am and 11:00pm were
the most frequently requested bus service
times, and consistent with the 2009 findings
of the National Coalition for the Homeless,
30% of respondents we surveyed reported
that they had lost, quit, or gave up looking
for a job due to lack of transportation
(Acuña and Erlenbusch, 2009).
Based on these findings, we recommended
that current bus services be extended at
least one hour earlier or one hour later and
that supplementary transportation
programs such as vanpools, subsidized
taxis, and low-cost transportation programs
be piloted on a small-scale basis. These two
recommendations are intended to help
people obtain access to transportation to
work, especially in the case of first or third
shifts or to locations which do not fall near
a bus route.
The last section of the report summarizes
examples of successful supplementary
transportation programs. Examples for
subsidized taxi programs included Olathe,
Kansas and Prairieland Transit’s partnership
with Worthington Taxi; low-barrier
transportation programs included
Opportunity Center for the Homeless and
Wheels to Work; and community vanpools
included Olympia, Washington Intercity
Transit and JobJet in Carroll, Iowa. These
programs were chosen as models of how
similar programs could be implemented in
Iowa City, Coralville, and North Liberty.
Transportation is a seldom considered, but
highly important component of a
productive adult life. Getting to a job
requires a reliable, affordable mode of
transportation, yet many do not have
access to such a mode. Improving public
transportation options ensures not only
that more people will be able to find and
maintain employment, but also that
businesses will have a greater pool of
employees and customers. Therefore, a
healthy public transportation system is vital
to the economy of any given place.
Resources
Acuña, J., & Erlenbusch, B. (2009). Homeless employment report: Findings and
recommendations. Retrieved from:
http://www.nationalhomeless.org/publications/homelessemploymentreport/.
American Public Transportation Association. (2016). Public transportation benefits. Retrieved
from: http://www.apta.com/mediacenter/ptbenefits/Pages/default.aspx.
Hamameh, S. (2015). “Wheels to work”: A unique transportation/employment program drives
to end homelessness in Sacramento. Legal Services of Northern California. Retrieved
from: http://equity.lsnc.net/%E2%80%9Cwheels-to-work%E2%80%9D-a-unique-
transportationemployment-program-drives-to-end-homelessness-in-sacramento/.
HIRTA. (2015). Retrieved from: https://www.facebook.com/HIRTA-Public-Transit-
177376545742434/?fref=ts.
Minnesota Council on Transportation Access. (2011). Successful local transportation
coordination case studies. Retrieved from:
(http://www.coordinatemntransit.org/MCOTA/documents/LocalCoordCaseStudies_MC
OTA_Jun2011.pdf).
Opportunity Center for the Homeless. (2011). Retrieved from:
http://www.homelessopportunitycenter.org/programs/programs.aspx?id=12.
Small Sums at Home Group. (2014). Retrieved from: http://smallsums.org/.
Tomer, A., Kneebone, E., Puentes, R., & Berube, A. (2011). Missed opportunity: Transit and
jobs in metropolitan America. The Brookings Institution. Retrieved from:
http://www.brookings.edu/research/reports/2011/05/12-jobs-and-transit.
Transportation to Work. (2009). Profiles of innovative rural vanpool programs. Retrieved from:
http://web1.ctaa.org/webmodules/webarticles/articlefiles/Profiles_of_Innovative_Rural
_Vanpool_Programs.pdf.