HomeMy WebLinkAbout2020-06-11 Info PacketCITY OF IOWA, CITY
www.icgov.org
City Council Information Packet
June 11, 2020
IP1. Council Tentative Meeting Schedule
June 16 Special Formal
IP2. Memo from City Attorney and City Manager: Follow-up to BLM/Systemic Racism
Work Session on June 9, 2020
Miscellaneous
IP3. Letter from U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development: Consolidated
Annual Performance Evaluation Report - Program Year 2018
IN. Email from John E. Patchett: Dubuque Street Closure [x2]
IPS. Zoom invite from Jon Li: Understanding local healthcare in the time of CAVI D-
19
Draft Minutes
IP6. Historic Preservation Commission: May 14
_I t i
CITY OE IOWA CITY
www.icgov.org
City Couyfcil Information Packet
June 11, 2020
IN. "Council Tentative Meeting Sche
M i ZlIaneous
IP2. Letter m U.S. Departme of Housing and Urban Development: Consolidated
Annual P ormance Eval tion Report - Program Year 2018
IP3. Email from hn E. Pat eft: Dubuque Street Closure [x2]
IP4. Zoom invite fro Jo is Understanding local healthcare in the time of COVI D-
19
IP5. Historic
Draft Minutes
Co issi
on: May 14
June 11, 2020 City of Iowa City Page 1
Item Number: 1.
J une 11, 2020
Council Ten tative Meeting Sched u l e
AT TAC HM E NT S :
Description
Council Tentative Meeting S chedule
Item Number: 2.
J une 11, 2020
Memo from City Attorney an d City Manag er: F ol l ow-u p to B L M/Systemic
Racism Work Session on Ju n e 9, 2020
AT TAC HM E NT S :
Description
Memo from City Attorney and City Manager: F ollow-up to B L M/Systemic Racism Work Session
on J une 9, 2020
Date: June 11, 2020
To: City Council
From: Eleanor M. Dilkes, City Attorney
Geoff Fruin, City Manager
Re: Follow-up to BLM/Systemic Racism Work Session on June 9, 2020
This memo will provide the information Council requested from city staff at your June 9 work
session. Attached as Exhibit A is Iowa City Police Department (ICPD) “Use of Force” General
Order (GO) 99-05 dated October 23, 2019. All references are to th is GO unless noted.
I. IOWA FREEDOM RIDERS DEMANDS
1. Drop all charges against protestors; including citations, tickets, etc.
City Response: As requested by the City Council on June 9 th, below is a list of all
protest and traffic related charges filed by the Iowa City Police Department between
5/30/2020 and 06/03/2020 proximal to demonstration locations, dates, and times.
With the exception of three speeding and stop sign charges, the pending charges
are being prosecuted by the Johnson County Attorney. The Council can make a
request to drop charges
Date/Time
(24HRS) Location
Defendant's
City of
Residence
OFFENSES Traffic
Citation ARREST IMPO-
UND?
20200530
1:55
S CAPITOL
ST/COURT ST
GARNER,IA OWI-PENDING
RESULTS
NO pending
results
NO
20200530
23:17
E BURLINGTON
ST/JOHNSON ST
NORTH
LIBERTY,IA
SPEEDING YES NO NO
20200605
21:45
E BURLINGTON
ST/S SUMMIT ST
IOWA CITY,IA DRIVING UNDER
SUSPENSION
NO YES NO
20200606
19:46
E COLLEGE ST/S
VAN BUREN ST
MOUNT
PLEASANT,IA
STOP SIGN YES NO NO
20200606
20:30
HWY 1 W/MILLER
AVE
IOWA CITY,IA SPEED YES NO NO
20200607
0:55
410 E
WASHINGTON ST
CEDAR
RAPIDS,IA
OWI,PCS
MARIJUANA,
POSSESSION OF
FIREARMS
UNDER
UNFLUENCE
YES YES NO
OPS-03.2
2
20200607
1:31
S GILBERT ST/E
COLLEGE ST
IOWA CITY,IA VIOLATE
INSTRUCTION
PERMIT,FAILURE
TO PROVIDE
PROOF OF
FINANCIAL
LIABILITY
YES NO YES
20200607
1:33
HWY 1 W/ORCHARD
ST
IOWA CITY,IA LICENSE PLATE YES NO NO
20200608
18:55
E BURLINGTON
ST/S DUBUQUE ST
IOWA CITY,IA NO DL, FAILURE
TO PROVIDE
PROOF OF
FINANCIAL
LIABILITY,FAIL TO
DISPLAY
REGISTRATION
PLATE,IMPROPER
USE OF LANES
YES NO YES
20200608
19:51
E MARKET ST/LINN
ST
IOWA CITY,IA EXPIRED
REGISTRATION
YES NO NO
20200609
0:09
200 S CLINTON ST IOWA CITY,IA OWI NO YES NO
20200609
0:47
E COURT ST/S
GILBERT ST
WHEATON,IL POSSESSION OF
DRUG
PARAPHERNALIA
NO YES-
cited and
released
NO
20200609
0:47
E COURT ST/S
GILBERT ST
IOWA CITY,IA POSSESSION OF
FICITIOUS ID,
POSSESSION OF
DRUG
PARAHERNALIA
NO YES-
cited and
released
NO
20200603
22:45
DUBUQUE/FOSTER IOWA CITY,IA DISORDERLY
CONDUCT,
UNLAWFUL
ASSEMBLY
NO YES NO
20200603
23:45
DUBUQUE/MEADOW
RIDGE LANE
IOWA CITY,IA UNLAWFUL
ASSEMBLY,
FAILURE TO
DISPERSE
NO YES NO
A summary of traffic stops made proximal to demonstrations from 4pm to 2am May 30 to
June 9, 2020 is below (excludes June 7th from 2am to midnight and June 9th 2am to
midnight as there were no demonstrations):
Total Stops Warnings Citations Arrests Tow
50 37 7 5** 2***
**includes one passenger ***one released, one eligible for release pending owner cont act
2. Strong statement from ICPD in favor of protests including deprioritization of
law and order; and property damage. Instead a prioritization of police
accountability for racism while also addressing issues of systemic racism
and inequality.
OPS-03.3
3
City Response: Interim Chief Bill Campbell’s statement is available as part of the
June 2nd City Council meeting record. City Manager Geoff Fruin issued a statement
on June 10th. The City Council is able to make further statements and staff will work
to ensure that the goals of our elected leaders are carried out in our operations.
3. The FULL publication of the ICPD budget, and specifically on budget
spending.
City Response: The City budget can be viewed at https://www.icgov.org/budget.
The Police Department budget is featured on pages 184 -197 of the Fiscal Year
2021 Proposed Budget. Each January, the Police Chief presents the budget to the
City Council and answers all related questions.
Staff has prepared a more detailed expenditure summary of the FY 21 Budget
attached as Exhibit B to this memo. In order to increase transparency on budget
authority, Council can direct staff to publish greater budget detail on the Police
Department website.
All City disbursements are published monthly and available upon request at the
City Clerk’s Office.
4. Every Iowa City department should have at least 30% of its staff dedicated to
diversity and inclusion.
City Response: Below is a table showing Each City Department, total number of
permanent employees and the full-time equivalent of employees needed to be
added to achieve the 30% goal.
City Department
Total Full-Time
Equivalent
(FTE) Staff
Current
FTE +
30%
FTE Increase
Needed to
Achieve 30%
Goal
City Clerk's Office 4.0 5.2 1.2
City Attorney's
Office 7.5 9.8 2.3
City Manager's
Office 4.0 5.2 1.2
Communications 7.9 10.3 2.4
Human
Resources 3.0 3.9 0.9
Human Rights 2.0 2.6 0.6
Climate Action
and Outreach 2.0 2.6 0.6
Finance 33.9 44.1 10.2
Police 111.3 144.6 33.4
Fire 64.0 83.2 19.2
Parks and
Recreation 46.5 60.5 14.0
Library 46.4 60.3 13.9
Senior Center 5.8 7.5 1.7
Neighborhood and
Development
Services
43.5 56.6 13.1
OPS-03.4
4
Public Works 153.5 199.6 46.1
Transportation
Services 74.5 96.9 22.4
Airport 1.0 1.3 0.3
Total FTEs 610.8 183.2
5. Every institution and business must not only have but also is required to
implement an equity tool kit.
City Response: The city has been using a racial equity toolkit since 2016 and to
date 15 departments have completed training on the toolkit to review their policies,
procedures, services, and programs. Attached as Exhibit C is an update from
Stefanie Bowers, Human Rights Coordinator and Equity Director.
Under current state law the city does not have authority to pass a law requiring
private business to implement an equity toolkit.
6. A clear and sensible plan for affordable housing. If this is not met those
involved must have consequences.
City Response: The City Council is very familiar with the City’s affordable housing
efforts over the last several years. Staff will continue to take direction from the City
Council regarding any new or expanded efforts. Accountability rests with the City
Council and City Manager.
7. Johnson County Sheriffs/ICPD may not enforce evictions.
City Response: Evictions are done pursuant to an order of the court and the
process is handled by the Johnson County Sheriff’s Office. Iowa City Police only
assist if requested by the Sheriff in an emergency, which is extremely rare.
8. Iowa City provides funds for the Special Populations Involvement [SPI
program] (Iowa City Parks and Recreation Department)
City Response: The Special Populations Involvement (SPI) Program has been a
division of the Recreation Division for over 30 years with a long history of serving
persons with special needs, emphasizing programs for those with physical, mental,
or emotional disabilities. The programs primarily served adults with intellectual
disabilities living in group ho mes until a few years ago. The program has recently
de-emphasized Special Olympic travel team opportunities to focus on serving a
wider range of adults and children with disabilities. Typical programs include sport
skill development, independent living skills, social activities and seasonal special
events. A free, afternoon and evening teen summer program was added in 2015
and directed by the SPI Recreation Program Supervisor, RaQuishia Harrington.
The Recreation Division budget narrative and financia l information for FY 21 is
available for review at www.icgov.org/budget, beginning on page 222. A summary
FY 21 budget for the SPI program is attached as Exhibit D to this memo.
9. The curfew must be lifted in Coralville.
OPS-03.5
5
City Response: Coralville is an independent municipality that has its own governing
board. The City of Coralville Mayor lifted the citywide curfew on June 9 th.
10. A plan to restructure ICPD towards community policing similarly to what is
happening in Minneapolis, MN; Camden, NJ; and Los Angeles, CA.
City Response: Iowa City has initiated and participated in an increasing number of
community policing efforts over the last several years. Examples include the
addition of downtown liaison walking patrol assignments, neighborhood resource
officers, the addition of community outreach staff, leadership roles in the Housing
First homeless services effort, extensive participation in crisis intervention training,
active support of the Johnson County Access Center, designation of LGBTQ+
liaisons, investments into victim services with an emphasis on serving diverse
populations that experience domestic assault, and more. Many of these efforts
were highlighted in Interim Chief Bill Campbell’s address to the City Council and
Iowa city community on June 2nd.
The Iowa City Police Department and City Manager’s Office remain committed to
expanding our community policing efforts and will actively take place in
conversations on how further steps in this direction can better serve all members of
our community.
11. Reforming the Iowa City Community Police Review Board [CPRB] so that it
has real power, including, but not limited to, the ability to subpoena officers.
The reformed CPRB must also have the ability to enact and enforce
measurable consequences when the board recommendations are not
followed or implemented.
City Response: Certain changes to the CPRB will require changes to state law;
others will not. Legal analysis of these issues has not been done for some time
and will be required. The CPRB only applies to incidents involving the Iowa City
Police Department and does not extend to situations involving any of the other six
law enforcement agencies in Johnson County.
12. ICPD divestment from and, removal of, military grade equipment and
contracts from the Federal government.
City Response: At Council’s request, staff will prepare a letter from the Mayor to
Johnson County officials indicating support for divestment of the MRAP vehic le. An
analysis of other ICPD equipment and contracts with the federal government will
require further staff time.
OPS-03.6
6
II. 8 CAN’T WAIT
1. Require Use of Force Continuum: Establish a Force Continuum that restricts the
most severe types of force to the most extreme situations and creates clear policy
restrictions on the use of each police weapon and tactic.
• ICPD has a use of force continuum – see explanation of model at Section VI of GO
and continuum at end of GO (Exhibit A).
2. Requires Exhaust All Alternatives Before Shooting: Require officers to exhaust all
other alternatives, including non-force and less lethal force options, prior to
resorting to deadly force.
• Refer to ICPD Use of Force continuum in Exhibit A.
• Section V.A.2.f (p. 4) requires officers to utilize a verbal warning before discharging
a weapon unless it would compromise the safety of the officer or others.
3. Require Comprehensive Reporting: Require officers to report each time they use
force or threaten to use force against civilians. Comprehensive reporting includes
requiring officers to report whenever they point a firearm at someone, in addition to
all other types of force.
• Section V.D.4.1 (p. 8) requires officer to complete a written report if a firearm is
discharged for any reason (except on the range or lawful hunting). The ICPD has a
Use of Force Review Committee that meets to review officers’ use of force reports.
Attached to this memo as Exhibit E is the April 2020 summary of reports and memo
to the Chief.
• Section V.D.4 (p 8) requires officer to complete a written report regarding any use
of force incident. This policy does not specifically include display of a weapon a s a
person as a use of force but that is the practice and is included in the computerized
report template completed by officers.
• Section VI.6 of GO 17.06 (p.11) require s a use of force report for “less lethal
projectiles” and Section VI.14 of GO 17.06 (p.16) requires a use of force report for
use of a taser and aiming the dot or arc display. GO 17.06 is attached as Exhibit F
to this memo.
4. Ban Chokeholds & Strangleholds: Allowing officers to choke or strangle civilians
results in the unnecessary death or serious injury of civilians. Both chokeholds and
all other neck restraints must be banned in all cases.
• The department’s use of force policy does not contain verbiage that specifically
prohibits using maneuvers that cut off oxygen or blood flow, including chokeholds
or carotid restraints. On the flip side, it does not authorize such maneuvers. ICPD
does not train on such maneuvers. On the contrary, the training is to avoid the
throat/impacting breathing.
OPS-03.7
7
• Section VI.8.g. of GO 17-06 (p. 14) provides that officers shall use a restraint
technique that “does not impair respiration” fo llowing the use of a taser.
5. Require De-escalation: Require officers to de-escalate situations, where
possible, by communicating with subjects, maintaining distance, and
otherwise eliminating the need to use force.
• Section III.E (p. 2) defines de-escalation.
• Section III.F (p.2) defines de-escalation techniques (further detail is in Section VI.C
below).
• Section VI.C (p. 11) requires officers to utilize de -escalation techniques if it is safe
to do so. This section provides examples and cautions officers to consider, when
time and circumstances permit, whether lack of compliance is due to medical
condition, language barrier, drug interaction, and other listed factors.
6. Duty To Intervene: Require officers to intervene and stop excessive force used by
other officers and report these incidents immediately to a supervisor.
• No GO specifically requires officers to intervene and stop excessive or
unnecessary force used by other officers and report these incidents immediately to
a supervisor.
• However, 315.05 of the department’s rules and regulations read:
REPORTING VIOLATIONS OF LAWS OR ORDINANCES, DIRECTIVES OR
ORDERS: Members knowing or having reason to believe other members violating
laws, ordinances or departmental directives shall report same consistent with
departmental directives. If the member believes the information is of such gravity that it
must be brought to the immediate personal attention of the Chief of Police, official
channels may be bypassed.
• A draft Memorandum of Understanding being reviewed by area law enforcement
agencies related to the Duty to Intervene is attached to this memo as Exhibit G.
7. Ban shooting at moving vehicles: Ban officers from shooting at moving vehicles in
all cases, which is regarded as a particularly dangerous and ineffe ctive tactic. While
some departments may they restrict shooting at vehicles to particular situations,
these loopholes allow for police to continue killing in situations that are all too
common. 62 people were killed by police last year in these situations. This must be
categorically banned.
• Section V.A.2.g (p.5) prohibits shooting at a moving vehicle except in specific
situations.
8. Require Warning Before Shooting: Require officers to give a verbal warning in all
situations before using deadly force.
• Section V.A.2.e (p.4) prohibits warning shots.
OPS-03.8
8
• Section V.A.2.f (p.4) requires officers to utilize a verbal warning before
discharging a weapon unless it wou ld compromise the safety of the officer or
others.
• The department does not have any verbiage requiring an officer to provide a
verbal warning prior to using OC or other chemical agents.
• Section VI.8.d. of GO 17-06 (p. 13) requires a verbal warning before tasing
unless to do so would place any person at risk.
OPS-03.9
9
III. OBAMA FOUNDATION COMMIT TO ACTION
1. Failing to require officers to de-escalate situations, where possible, through
communication, maintaining distance, slowing things down, and otherwise
eliminating the need to use force.
• Section III.E (p. 2) defines de-escalation.
• Section III.F (p. 2) defines de-escalation techniques (further detail is in Section VI.C
below).
• Section VI.C (p. 11) requires officers to utilize de-escalation techniques if it is safe
to do so. This section provides examples and cautions officers to consider, when
time and circumstances permit, whether lack of compliance is due to medical
condition, language barrier, drug interaction, and other listed factors.
2. Prohibiting officers from using maneuvers that cut off oxygen or blood flow,
including chokeholds or carotid restraints, which often result in unnecessary death
or serious injury.
• The department’s use of force policy does not cont ain verbiage that specifically
prohibits using maneuvers that cut off oxygen or blood flow, including chokeholds
or carotid restraints. On the flip side, it does not authorize such maneuvers . ICPD
does not train on the use of such maneuvers On the contrary, the training is to
avoid the throat/impacting breathing.]
• Section VI.8.g. of GO 17-06 (p. 14) provides that officers shall use a restraint
technique that “does not impair respiration” following the use of a taser.
3. Failing to require officers to intervene and stop excessive or unnecessary force used
by other officers and report these incidents immediately to a supervisor.
• No GO specifically requires officers to intervene and stop excessive or
unnecessary force used by other officers and report these incidents immediately to
a supervisor.
• However, Section 315.05 of the department’s rules and regulations read:
REPORTING VIOLATIONS OF LAWS OR ORDINANCES, DIRECTIVES OR
ORDERS: Members knowing or having reason to believe other members viola ting
laws, ordinances or departmental directives shall report same consistent with
departmental directives. If the member believes the information is of such gravity that it
must be brought to the immediate personal attention of the Chief of Police, offici al
channels may be bypassed.
5. Failing to restrict officers from shooting at moving vehicles, which is regarded as a
particularly dangerous and ineffective tactic.
• Section V.A.2.g (p. 5) prohibits shooting at a moving vehicle except in
specific situations.
6. Failing to limit the types of force and/or weapons that can be used to respond to
specific types of resistance and specific characteristics such as age, size, or
disability.
• Refer to ICPD Use of Force continuum in Exhibit A.
OPS-03.10
10
7. Failing to require officers to exhaust all other reasonable means before resorting to
deadly force.
• Refer to ICPD Use of Force continuum in Exhibit A.
8. Failing to require officers to give a verbal warning, when possible, before using
serious force such as shooting, tasing, or pepper spraying someone.
• Section V.A.2.e (p.4) prohibits warning shots.
• Section V.A.2.f (p.4) requires officers to utilize a verbal warning before discharging
a weapon unless it would compromise the safety of the officer or others.
• The department does not have any verbiage requiring an officer to provide a verbal
warning prior to using OC or other chemical agents.
• Section VI.8.d. of GO 17-06 (p. 13) requires a verbal warning before tasing unless
to do so would place any person at risk.
9. Failing to require officers to report each time they use force or threaten to use force
(e.g., pointing a gun at a person).
• Section V.D.4.1 (p. 8) requires officer to complete a written report if a firearm is
discharged for any reason (except on the range or lawful hunting).
• Section V.D.4 (p 8) requires officer to complete a written report regarding any use
of force incident. This policy does not specifically include display of a weapon at a
person as a use of force but that is the practice and is included in the computerized
report template completed by officers.
• Section VI.6 of GO 17.06 (p.11) requires a use of force report for “less lethal
projectiles” and Section VI.14 of GO 17.06 (p.16) requires a use of force report for
use of a taser and aiming the dot or arc display.
OPS-03.11
11
IV. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
POLICE OFFICER QUALIFICATIONS
Attached to this memo as Exhibit H is the most recent (2018) candidate recruitment information
packet for the position of Police Officer. Included in the job summary is a statement requiring
“…the ability to work with a diverse community and build relationships with the communities
served; problem solve with the utmost respect for human rights and dignity …”. The nine month
probation period post-academy, or hire date if already a certified peace officer, is used to evaluate
if the new hire has the ability to meet our local service expectations.
The background check portion of the hiring process is used to identify any past personal or
professional misconduct. Those with past police misconduct are not hired into the Iowa City Police
Department, however that expectation is not necessarily communicated to candidates upfront in
this packet. With Council direction, we can be explicit in our future candidate recruitment
documents that past misconduct in another law enforcement agency will be a disqualifier.
CITY EMPLOYEE AND POLICE DEPARTMENT EMPLOYEE DEMOGRAPHICS
The City Council requested an overview of the demographics of our workf orce including a
breakdown of Police Department employees. Workforce demographics have been reported to
Council annually through the City Manager’s performance evaluation process since 2017. In
addition, workforce demographics were highlighted in a Janua ry 2020 Racial Equity Report Card
released by the Human Rights Office. That scorecard indicated that since 2014 the number of
White employees has decreased sixteen percent while the number of Black or African -American
employees increased by ten percent.
A ten-year trend chart and comparisons to the 2010 Census are provided as Exhibit I, attached to
this memo. Non-union police department employee demographic information is only available for
the last three years.
WETHERBY PARK HISTORY
Historical Information about Isaac A. Wetherby, and City Council proceedings naming the park are
attached as Exhibit J. Also attached as Exhibit K is the City Naming Policy that provides for
approval by an ad hoc committee consisting of the City Manager, the relevan t Department Director
and a member of the relevant City-affiliated Foundation (Parks and Recreation Foundation). If
Council chose to bypass the ad hoc committee it could do so by eliminating that requirement in the
resolution renaming the park.
PUBLIC ART AND FESTIVAL OPPORTUNITIES
The City Council can task the Public Art Advisory Committee to work with a group on public or
private space for artistic expression. As a reminder, the City Council doubled public art funding in
the FY 20 Budget. Those extra resources, combined with the FY 21 Budget allocation could assist
in getting a project off the ground quickly. The Iowa City Downtown District has also expressed a
willingness to be a partner in a project.
The City is also willing to engage in planni ng discussions for new or revised festivals. Currently,
the City partners with Summer of the Arts (SOTA) for our larger community festivals and special
events. SOTA is an independent organization with its own governing board. However, the City is
a lead financial contributor at $67,000 per year and can work with their board as the Council
OPS-03.12
12
directs. Alternatively, staff can be directed to work on independent concept outsi de of the existing
SOTA framework.
OPS-03.1
1
EXHIBIT A
USE OF
FORCE
Original Date of Issue General Order Number
Ap ril 28, 2001 99-05
Effective Date of Reissue Section Code
October 23, 2019 OPS-03
Reevaluation Date
October 2020
Amends
C.A.L.E.A. Reference
1.3.1 – 1.3.8, 1.3.13 (see “INDEX AS”)
INDEX AS:
x Use of Force
x Reporting
x Si gnificant Force
x Investigation
x Use of Force Model
x Canine
x Arrests
x W arning Shots
I. PURPOSE
The purpose of this policy is to provide members of the Iowa City Police Department
with guidelines on the use of deadly and non-deadly force.
II. POLICY
The Iowa City Police Department recognizes and respects the value and special
integrity of each human life. In investing officers with the lawful authority to use force to
protect the public welfare, a careful balancing of all human interests is required.
Therefore, it is the policy of the Iowa City Police Department that police officers shall
use only that force that is reasonable and necessary to accomp lish lawful objectives
and effectively bring an incident under control, while protecting the lives of the officers
and others.
OPS-03.2
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III. DEFINITIONS
A. Deadly Force (Section 704.2, Code of Iowa) – For the purpose of this
policy, shall mean any of the following:
1. Force used for the purpose of causing serious injury.
2. Force which the actor knows, or reasonably should know, will
create a strong probability that serious injury will result.
3. The discharge of a firearm, in the direction of some person with the
knowledge of the person's presence there, even though no intent to
inflict seri ous physical injury can be shown.
4. The discharge of a firearm, at a vehicle in which a person is known
to be.
B. Serious Injury (Section 702.18 Code of Iowa) – Means 1. disabling me ntal
illness; or 2. bodily injury which creates a substantial risk of death or which
causes serious perma nent di sfigurement, or protracted loss or impairment
of the function of any bodily member or organ.
C. Use of Force – Any contact applied by an officer that si gnificantly restricts
or alters the actions of another and/or compels compliance with the
demands or instructions of the officer. This includes the use of restraint
devices such as handcuffs.
D. Verbal Commands/Directives – Verbal communication by an officer
directing someone to perform or not to perform an act: e.g. “Stop”, “Don’t
move”, “Put your hands up”, or “Get on the ground”.
E. De-escalation - Taking action to stabilize a situation and reduce the
immediacy of a threat so that more time, options, and resources are
available to resolve the situation. The goal of de-escalation is to gain the
voluntary compliance of subjects, when feasible, and thereby reduce or
eliminate the necessity to use physical force.
F. De-escalation Techni ques - Actions used by members of the department,
that seek to minimize the likelihood of the need to use force during an
incident and increase the likelihood of gaining voluntary compliance from a
subject. Note that these techniques should only be employed when it is
safe to do so.
IV. THE RE ASON ABLENESS OF THE USE OF FORCE
The use of force is analyzed under the Fourth Amendment. “The right to be free
from excessive force is included under the Fourth Amendment’s prohibition
against unreasonable seizure of the person.” Andrews v. Fuoss, 417 F.3d 813,
OPS-03.3
3
818 (8th Cir. 2005). On the other hand, “the right to ma ke an arrest or
investigatory stop necessarily carries with it the right to use some degree of
physical coercion or threat thereof to effect it.” Graham v. Connor, 109 S.Ct.
1865, 1872 (1989).
A. Reasonable Officer: Objective Standard
1. "The 'Reasonableness' of a particular use of force must be judged from the
perspective of a reasonable officer on the scene rather than with the 20/20
vision of hindsight.” Graham v. Connor, 109 S.Ct. 1865, 1872 (1989).
2. "Reasonableness" al so takes into account that police officers make
judgments in a split second under circumstances that are "tense, uncertain,
and rapidly evolving - about the amount of force that is necessary in a
particular situation.” Graham v. Connor, 109 S.Ct. 1865, 1872 (1989).
3. Reasonableness is “not capable of precise definition or me chanical
application.” Bell v. W olfish, 441 U.S. 520, 559 (1979). Reasonableness is
determined by the totality of circumstances, which include the “severity of the
crime at issue, whether the suspect poses an immediate threat to the safety
of the officers or others, and whether he is actively resisting arrest or
attempting to evade arrest by flight.” Graham v. Connor, 109 S.Ct. 1865,
1872 (1989).
B. The Code of Iowa authorizes the use of force in making an arrest and
preventing an escape.
1. Section 804.8 Use of force by peace officer making an arrest.
A peace officer, while making a lawful arrest, is justified in the use of any
force which the peace officer reasonably believes to be necessary to effect
the arrest or to defend any person from bodily harm while making the arrest.
However, the use of deadly force is only justified when a person cannot be
captured any other way and either:
a. The person has used or threatened to use deadly force in
committing a felony, or
b. The peace officer reasonably believes the person would use deadly
force against any person unless immediately apprehended.
A peace officer making an arrest pursuant to an invalid warrant is justified in
the use of any force which the peace officer would be justified in using if the
warrant were valid, unless the peace officer knows that the warrant is invalid.
2. Section 804.13 Use of force in preventing an escape.
A peace officer or other person who has an arrested person in custody is
justified in the use of such force to prevent the escape of the arrested person
OPS-03.4
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from custody as the officer or other person would be justified in using if the
officer or other person were arresting such person.
V. PROCEDURES
A. DEADLY FORCE
1. Purpose of statement
a. To delineate the Department’s policy regarding the use of deadly
force.
b. To establish policies under which the use of deadly force is
permissible.
2. Policy
a. Officers of the Iowa City Police Department may use deadly force
to stop or incapacitate an assailant to prevent serious bodily injury
or death. For this purpose and to minimize danger to innocent
bystanders, the officer should shoot at the center body ma ss,
whenever possible.
b. An officer may use deadly force to protect him/her or others from
what he/she reasonably believes to be an imminent threat of death
or serious injury.
c. An officer may use deadly force to effect the capture or prevent
escape if:
i. The person used or threatened to use deadly force in
committing a felony, and
ii. The peace officer reasonably believes the person would use
deadly force against a person unless immediately
apprehended.
d. Provided the criteria for paragraph 2(a), 2(b) or 2(c) have been
satisfied, no distinction shall be ma de relative to the age of the
intended target.
e. W arning shots by officers of the Iowa City Police Departme nt are
prohibited.
f. A verbal warning shall be utilized prior to an officer discharging a
weapon unless it would compromise the safety of the officer or
others.
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g. Shooting at or from a mo ving vehicle is prohibited, except under the
following circumstances:
i. W hen the occupant of the vehicle is utilizing deadly force
against the police officer or other persons.
ii. As a last resort to prevent death or serious injury to officers or
other persons.
iii. As a last resort to apprehend a person who has just committed
a felony resulting in death or serious injury.
iv. The discharge of firearms shall not be utilized when
circumstances do not provide a high probability of striking an
intended target or when there is substantial risk to the safety
of other persons, including the risk of causing vehicle
accidents.
3. Injuries resulting from use of force.
a. Officers shall render appropriate first aid to any person injured or
comp laining of pain following the use of force.
b. EMS will be summoned to the scene to ensure delivery of
appropriate medical treatment when:
i. Requested by the subject(s) involved.
ii. The extent of an injury is unknown or not visible.
iii. The nature or extent of the injury dictates.
c. Officers shall err on the side of caution, requesting EMS to respond
to the scene if in doubt about the existence or extent of an injury.
4. Surrender of firearm.
W hen officers discharge a firearm that results in personal injury or death
to any person, the officer or employee shall surrender that firearm to
his/her supervisor or a hi gher authority consistent with departmental
directives. Firearms involved in police shooting incidents shall not be
unloaded, cleaned, nor in any way altered from the condition
immediately following discharge other than to make the weapon safe for
transport.
a. W hen mo re than one officer or weapon has been involved in a
shooting situation resulting in any injury or death, the involved
weapons must be surrendered to the commanding officer in
accordance with departmental directives.
OPS-03.6
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b. The commanding officer receiving such firearm or firearms shall
immediately secure and document the same as evidence.
B. LESS LETHAL FORCE
1. W here deadly force is not authorized under this policy, officers should
assess the incident in order to determi ne which less lethal technique will
best de-escalate the incident and bring it under control in a safe manner.
Officers shall use no more force than is reasonably necessary to gain
control of an individual or situation. Officers are authorized to use force
consistent with the Use of Force mo del.
2. An officer shall use no mo re force than that officer reasonably feels is
necessary in the performance of their official duties. Use of force by an
officer is justified in, but not limited to, the following situations:
a. To protect the officer or others from physical harm.
b. To control an arrestee or a potentially violent person.
c. To restrain or subdue a resistant individual. Approved restraint
devices are handcuffs (hinged and chain style), flex-cuffs and nylon
leg restraints.
d. To bring an unlawful situation safely and effectively under control.
3. Officers shall offer medical treatment to any non-combative person who
has been exposed to a chemical irritant / OC spray. Officers shall
decontaminate a person exposed to a chemical irritant and continue to
monitor the condition of that person until they are no longer in the
custody of the officer.
C. NOTIFICATIONS
1. Any officer who discharges a firearm in the course of their duty, shall
immediatel y contact his/her supervisor. (This does not apply to animal
euthanasia where supervisory permission to discharge the weapon must
be sought prior to the destruction of the animal (see section B in
“REPORTING USE OF FORCE INCIDENTS”) or training situations) If
this is not practical, the officer shall contact the on-duty patrol supervisor.
The notified supervisor shall then contact the following individuals:
a. The involved officer’s Division Commander.
i. It shall be the Division Commander’s responsibility to notify the
Chief of Police.
ii. If the Division Comma nder cannot be notified, a watch
supervisor shall notify the Chief of Police.
OPS-03.7
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b. The County Attorney of the county in which the incident occurred.
c. The City Attorney.
d. The City Manager.
e. The Criminal Investigation Commander or his/her designee.
f. Other as Required by the Mandatory Call Matrix
2. The on-duty watch supervisor shall be immediately notified or
summoned to the scene of any incident where use of force results in a
physical injury.
3. The on-duty watch supervisor shall be immediately notified when a
chemi cal irritant / OC spray is utilized.
4. The on-duty watch supervisor shall be immediately notified when a
conducted energy device is discharged.
D. REPORTING USE OF FORCE INCIDENTS
1. Discharge of Firearms – report required.
Any officer who discharges a firearm for any reason or purpose other
than those exceptions listed in this section, shall make a written report to
his/her immediate supervisor as soon as ci rcumstances permit. This
written report will then be forwarded through the chain of command to
the Chief of Police for review. Exceptions to the requirement of a written
report apply to the following ci rcumstances in which no accident or injury
results:
a. The discharge of firearms on firearm ranges or in an area for
firearms practice.
b. Sporting events to include lawful hunting and organized shooting
matches.
2. W hen, in accordance with applicable law, it becomes necessary for an
officer to discharge a firearm to destroy an animal which presents a
danger or is seriously injured or ill, the officer will, prior to discharging the
firearm, request permission to do so from the on-duty supervisor. If such
action mu st be immediately taken in order to protect the officer’s or
another person’s safety, the officer need not delay action i n order to
request this permission. In this circumstance, however, the W atch
Supervisor must be notified immediately after the firearm is used. A Use
of Force report is required.
3. Ad ministrative Review Committee.
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a. Use of force incidents shall be reviewed by a committee consisting
of a minimum of three sworn personnel.
i. The committee should consist of two supervisors as
designated by the Chief of Police and one officer-preferably a
use of force instructor. To provide differing perspectives, the
Chief of Police ma y appoint mu ltiple committees that alternate
review responsibilities.
ii. This group should, at a minimum, meet every mo nth to review
the Use of Force Reports from the previous month.
iii. The purpose of this committee shall be to review all facts and
reports concerning use of force incidents to determine whether
policy, training, equipment, or disciplinary issues should be
addressed. This committee will make recommendations on
these matters to the Chief of Police.
b. All non-use of force firearms discharges (e.g. accidental/negligent
discharge), with the exception of the destruction of animals which are
reviewed by the Use of Force Committee, shall be reviewed in a
ma nner consistent with General Order 99-06: Internal Affairs
Investigations as assigned by a Division Commander.
i. At a minimum, this will consist of a Report of Inquiry and
supervisory review.
ii. The Division Commander and the Training and Accreditation
Sergeant will review the investigation and findings to identify
any training recommendations which are necessary, and/or
any need for policy changes. Recommendations on these
ma tters will be forwarded to the Chief of Police.
4. Use of Force Reports.
a. A Use of Force Report with a written narrative regarding any use of
force incident will be submitted in addition to any incident report.
The report(s) shall contain the following information:
i. Arrestee/suspect information.
ii. Incident number(s), date and time of incident, and reporting
officer.
iii. Description of actual resistance encountered.
iv. All required fields completed in Use of Force report.
OPS-03.9
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v. The force used by the officer to overcome the resistance and
the specific weapon or technique used.
vi. A description of any alleged or actual injuries to either the
officer or suspect.
vii. Pictures taken of any injuries to either the officer or suspect.
viii. Exposure to Chemical Irritant / OC spray will additionally
require the documentation of medical treatment being offered,
supervisor notification, and decontami nation procedures.
ix. A Conducted Energy Device deployment will additionally
require the documentation of medical treatment, if medical
treatment is refused by the suspect, supervisor notification,
and the number of cycles/applications used.
b. W hen the only use of force is the application of handcuffs, double
locked, no use of force report is necessary. The application of
handcuffs, double locked will be documented on a written complaint
or citation or in the body of an incident report.
c. A supervisor of the reporting person shall review the report for
adherence to Department policy and procedure and document their
conclusions.
d. All reports concerning use of force shall be forwarded to the
Sergeant of Planning/Research.
e. The Captain of Field Operations and Chief of Police shall review all
use of force reports where any partici pant is injured during the use
of force and/or where a deadly force option has been utilized
(excludes display of a weapon).
5. Executive Review.
At a minimum, the Chief of Police and/or designee will conduct a
documented analysis of all reports and incidents of force annually. An
analysis of reports and incidents of force could reveal patterns or trends
that indicate training needs, equipment upgrades and/or policy
modifications.
E. INVESTIGATION OF USE OF FORCE RESULTING IN DEATH OR
SERIOUS INJURY
1. W hen any member of the police department is involved in an incident
resulting in death or serious injury, a thorough and objecti ve
investigation of facts and circumstances will be initiated as soon as
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practical by the Chief of Police’s designees and completed as so on as
practical.
2. The Chief of Police or his/her desi gnee shall decide whether the DCI
and/or any other outside agency shall be called to assist in the
investigation.
3. If an incident resulting in death or serious injury which involves a sworn
Iowa City police officer occurs in another police jurisdiction, the officer
shall cooperate with that jurisdiction, as set forth in Iowa City Police
Department directives.
4. The on-duty watch commander/supervisor shall ensure that appropriate
case reports are initiated and that potential evidence is preserved.
5. The officer(s) or employee involved in the death or serious injury shall be
relieved of field duty without the loss of pay or benefits, pending the
results of the departmental investigation. Other officers or empl oyees
involved in the incident also may be relieved of field duty without loss of
pay or benefits at the discretion of the Chief of Police, while the
investigation is pending:
a. The officer or employee shall be available at all times for official
interviews and statements regarding the case, and shall be subject
to recall to duty at any time. The officer or employee must receive
permission from the Chief of Police, or from their Di vision
Commander, prior to leaving the area. If such permission is given,
the officer or employee shall supply the phone number(s) of his/her
location and duration of the absence.
b. The officer or employee will not discuss the case with anyone
except the prosecuting attorney and/or persons designated by the
Chief of Police or their designee. This does not prohibit the officer
or employee from discussions with his/her attorney. If the officer or
employee may be the subject of internal review or criminal charges,
his/her constitutional rights and administrative protections will be
maintained. The officer or employee will attend post-traumatic
stress counseling at the discretion of the Chief of Police.
c. At the discretion of the Chief of Police, the officer or employee ma y
be returned to duty upon departmental receipt of notification from
the counselor or mental health professional indicating the officer’s
fitness for duty.
6. The investigation and administrative leave policy outlined herein is not
intended to imply or indicate the officer or employee has acted
improperly, but is designed to safeguard the officer or employee and the
Department.
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7. The Chief of Police may appoint one or more individuals to conduct a
separate yet parallel (administrati ve) investigation into a use of force
incident to ensure all personnel followed departmental policies and
guidelines.
VI. USE OF FORCE MODEL
A. Police officers are given the unique right to use force, even deadly
force, against others for legitimate law enforcement purposes. The right
to use force carries with it an obligation to use that force in a responsible
manner. Police agencies have an obligati on to provide their employees
with the policies, training, and tools necessary to accomplish their
mission. Selection of a use of force response from the options articulated
in this model will be based on: the skills, knowledge, and ability of the
officer; the percei ved threat and amount of resistance offered by a
subject; and consideration of the situational framework. A defined Use of
Force Model will enhance the departme nt’s ability to manage the use of
force and will benefit the officer by providing guidance, resources, and
options.
B. Officers of the Iowa City Police Department shall f ollow the principles of
the Use of Force Model. The model describes an escalation of force,
which is based on a reasonable officer's percepti on of threat or
resistance. As a subject’s resistance escalates, more force options
become available to the officer. W hen resistance stops, the officer must
de-escalate, but only after control (e.g. handcuffing) is accomp lished.
Officers of the Iowa City Police Department must generally employ the
tools, tactics, and timi ng of force utilization consistent with the Model’s
proscription and training protocols. Due to the fact that officer/member of
the public confrontations occur in environments that are potentially
unpredictable, “tense, uncertain, and rapidl y evolving” (Graham v.
Connor, 109 S.Ct. 1865, 1872 (1989)) the officer may utilize tools,
tactics, and timing outside the parameters of the Model. However, these
applications of force must meet the same test of reasonableness as
those which have been previously identified and approved by the
Department.
C. W hen safe under the totality of the circumstances and if time and
circumstances permit, me mbers of the department shall use de-
escalation techniques in order to reduce the need for force.
De-escalation techniques are actions used by members of the department
that seek to minimize the likelihood of the need to use force during an
incident and increase the likelihood of gaining voluntary complian ce from a
subject. Note that these techniques should only be employed when it is
safe to do so.
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W hen safe and feasible under the totality of circumstances, members of
the department shall attempt to slow down or stabilize the situation so that
more time, options and resources are available for incident resolution.
W hen time and circumstances reasonably permit, members of the
department shall consider whether a subject’s lack of compliance is a
deliberate attempt to resist or an inability to comply based on factors
including, but not limited to:
Medical conditions
Mental impairment
Development disability
Physical limitation
Language Barrier
Drug Interaction
Behavioral Crisis
An officer’s awareness of these possibilities, when time and
circumstances reasonably permit, shall then be balanced against the facts
of the incident facing the officer when deciding which tactical opti ons are
the most appropriate to bring the situation to a safe resolution.
Mitigating the immediacy of threat gives officers of the department time to
utilize extra resources, and increases time available to call mo re officers
or specialty units.
The number of officers on scene may increase the available force options
and ma y increase the ability to reduce the overall force used.
Other examples include:
Placing barriers between an uncooperati ve subject and an officer
Containing a threat
Moving from a position that exposes officers to potential threats to a
safer position
Decreasing the exposure to potential threat by using
- Distance
- Cover
- Concealme nt
Communicating from a safe position intended to gain the subject’s
comp liance, using:
- Verbal persuasion
- Advisements
- W arnings
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Avoiding physical confrontation, unless immediately necessary (for
example, to protect some one, or stop dangerous behavior)
Using verbal de-escalation techniques to generate cooperation and gain
voluntary comp liance.
Calling extra resources to assist or officers to assist:
- More officers
- CIT officers
- Officers equipped with less-lethal tools
- Supervisors.
* Using any other tactics and approaches that attempt to achieve
gaining the compliance of the subject.
D. Reasonable officer’s perception/Reasonable officer’s response (see
attached matrix)
VII. CIVILI AN OFFICERS (COMMUNITY SERVICE AND ANIM AL
CONTROL OFFICERS)
A. Community Service Officers assigned to the road and Animal Control Officers
shall carry chemical irritants (OC) under this policy for the sole purpose of
self-defense from persons or from animals.
B. W hen dealing with upset persons, civilian officers mu st first attemp t to
deescalate the situation, if it is reasonable to do so, by backing away from the
situation to a place of safety (vehicle or other barrier) and calling for a sworn
officer to come to the scene. If after attempting to deescalate the situation, the
civilian officer reasonably believes that they are going to be assaulted, the
officer ma y deploy their chemical irritant in a manner consistent with training.
C. W hen dealing with aggressive anima ls, civilian officers should try backing
away from the situation to a place of safety (vehicle or other barrier) and call
for a sworn officer to come to the scene to assist. If the civilian officer is
unable to make it to a place of safety and they reasonably believe that they
may be attacked, the officer may deploy their chemical irritant at the animal in
a manner consistent with training.
D. Civilian officers that deploy chemical agents at a person are subject to all
reporting requirements set forth in this policy. Additionally, they are
responsible to immediately contact the on duty W atch supervisor as well as
summoning medical personnel to the scene for any injuries.
E. Civilian officers that deploy chemical agents at an animal shall notify their
supervisor to make them aware that a chemical agent was deployed as well
as the circumstances involved.
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F. W hen dealing with persons, a civilian officer will be held to the “Reasonable
officer’s perception/Reasonable officer’s response” standard. (see level four
and five in the attached matrix)
VIII. PREREQUISITES TO CARRYING LETHAL / LESS LETHAL
WEAPONS
All personnel authorized to carry weapons intended for use of force
application must receive training on their use from the perspecti ves of
practical application and organizational policy. Instruction should include
confirmation of employee understanding of legal implications and
requirements, weapon specific operating and care procedures,
documentation and reporting procedures, and obligations following the
use of force.
IX. FBI NATION AL USE of FORCE DAT A COLLECTION
The Department voluntarily participates in the FBI National Use of Force Data
Collection. The sergeant of planning and research shall track the following use of
force incidents:
- W hen a fatality to a person occurs connected to a use of force by an Iowa
City police officer.
- W hen there is serious bodily injury to a person connected to a use of force
by an Iowa City police officer. For this section the definition of serious
bodily injury will be based, in part, upon Title 18, United States Code,
Section 2246 (4). The term “serious bodily injury” means “bodily injury that
involves a substantial risk of death, unconsciousness, protracted and
obvious disfigurement, or protracted loss or impairment of the function of a
bodily member, organ, or mental faculty.”
- In the absence of either death or serious bodily injury, when a firearm is
discharged by an Iowa City police officer at or in the direction of a person.
W hen an incident meeting the above criteria is met the sergeant of planning and
research shall report the following information to the FBI:
Incident Information
- Date and time of the incident
- Total number of officers who applied actual force during the incident
- Nu mber of officers from the Iowa City Police Department who applied
actual force during the incident
- Location of the incident (address or lati tude/l ongitude)
OPS-03.15
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- Location type of the incident (street, business, residence, restaurant,
school, etc.)
- Did the officer(s) approach the subject(s)?
- W as it an ambush incident?
- W as a supervisor or a senior officer acting in a supervisory capacity
present or consulted at any point during the incident?
- W hat was the reason for initial contact between the subject and the officer
(response to unlawful or suspicious activity, routine patrol, traffic stop,
etc.)?
- If the initial contact was due to “unlawful or criminal acti vity,” what were
the most serious reported offenses committed by the subject prior to or at
the time of the incident?
- If applicable, the National Incident-Based Reporting System or local
incident number of the report detailing criminal incident information on the
subject and/or assault or homicide of a law enforcement officer
- If the incident involved multiple law enforcement agencies, the case
numbers for the local use-of-force reports at the other agencies
Subject Information
- Age, sex, race, ethnicity, height, and weight
- Injury/death of subject(s) (gunshot wound, apparent broken bones,
unconsciousness, etc.)
- Type(s) of force used connected to serious bodily injury or death (firearm,
electronic control weapon, explosive device, blunt instrument, etc.)
- Did the subject(s) resist?
- W as the threat by the subject(s) di rected to the officer or to another pa rty?
- Type(s) of subject resistance/weapon involvement (threatened officer,
threatened others, threatened self, active aggression, firearm, attempt to
flee, etc.)
- W as there an apparent or known impairment in the physical condition of
subject? If yes, indi cate which (mental health/alcohol/drugs/unknown)
- At any time during the incident, was the subject(s) armed or believed to be
armed with a weapon?
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Officer Information
- Age, sex, race, ethnicity, height, and weight
- Years of service as a law enforcement officer (total tenure, number of
years)
- At the time of the incident, was the officer a full -time employee?
- W as the officer readily identifiable?
- W as the officer on duty at the time of the incident?
- Did the officer discharge a firearm?
- W as the officer injured?
- W hat was the officer’s injury type (gunshot wound, apparent broken
bones, severe laceration, unconsciousness, etc.)
Jody Matherly, Chief of Police
WARNING
This di rective is for departmental use only and does not apply in any criminal or civil
proceeding. The departme nt policy should not be construed as a creation of higher
legal standard of safety or care in an evidentiary sense with respect to third-party
claims. Violations of this directive will only form the basis for departmental
administrative sanctions.
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LEVEL ONE
Perception – Subject is compliant
Response – Cooperative controls (includes: me ntal preparation, spatial positioning,
communications skills, handcuffing positions and techniques, searching techniques,
arrest and transport controls)
COOPER ATIVE CONTROLS
USE OF FORCE MODEL – FUNCTIONAL PROFILE
COMPL IANT: LEVEL 1 COOPERATIVE CONTROLS
> PERCEPTION SKILLS
MENTAL PREPARATION > RISK ASSESSMENT
> SURVIVAL ORIENTATION
> OFFICER STANCE
SPATIAL POSIT IONING > BODY LANGUAGE
> RELATIVE POSITIONING
VERBAL
> - VERBAL COMMANDS/DIRECTIVES
COMMUNICAT ION SKILLS - VERBAL DE-ESCALATION
TECHNIQUES
> NON-VERBAL
> WALL
HANDCUFFING PO SI TIONS > STANDING
> PRO NE
> KNEELING
HANDCUFFING T ECHNIQ UE > CONTROLLED
> WALL
SEARCHI NG TECHNIQUES > STANDING
> PRO NE
> KNEELING
> OPPOSITE SEX
SPECIALIZED T ECHNIQUES > FRISK
> ST RIP
ARREST T ECHNIQUES > SINGLE OFFICER
> MULTIPLE OFFICERS
ESCORT CONT ROLS > SINGLE OFFICER
> MULTIPLE OFFICERS
T RANSPORT CONT ROLS > SINGLE OFFICER
> MULTIPLE OFFICERS
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LEVEL TW O
Perception – Subject is passively resistant
Response – Contact controls (includes: contact controls, conflict management
techniques, and mass formation arrest techniques including: multiple officer lifts,
stretchers, wheelchai rs etc.)
CONT ACT CONTROLS
USE OF FORCE MODEL –FUNCTION AL PROFILE
RESISTIVE (Passive): LEVEL 2 CONT ACT CONTROLS
FORCE OPTIONS (also includes all options from lower Levels)
> VERBAL
COMMUNICAT ION SKILLS - VERBAL DIRECTIVES
- VERBAL DE-ESCALATION TECHNIQUES
> NON-VERBAL
> ARM
CONT ACT CONT ROLS > W RI ST
> HAND
> ESCORT TECHNIQUES
ARREST T ECHNIQUES > TRANSPORT TECHNIQUES
> MASS FORMATION
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LEVEL THREE
Perception – Subject is actively resistant
Response – Compliance techniques (includes: neuromuscular controls, joint
manipulation, nerve compression, chemical irritants, e.g. OC spray, controlled stopping
devices for fleeing vehicle incidents)
COMPLIANCE TECHNIQUES
USE OF FORCE MODEL – FUNCTIONAL PROFILE
RESIST ANT (Active): LEVEL 3 COMPLIANCE TECHNIQUES
FORCE OPTIONS (also includes all opti ons from lower Levels)
> NERVE COMPRESSION TECHNIQUES
COMPLIANCE CONT ROLS > CHEMICAL IRRITANTS, CROW D CONTROL
CHEMICAL MUNITIONS
> CONTROL TACTICS
> HEAD
NERVE COMPRESSION TECHNIQUES: > NECK
NEURO-MUSCULAR CO NT ROLS > ARM
> LEG
CONT ROL TACT ICS > W RI ST ROTATION
> ELBOW LEVERAGE
BICYCLE > TAKE DOW N TECHNIQUES
VEHICLE PURSUIT T ACT ICS > COMMUNICAT IONS/ASSESSMENT SKILLS
> PACING/TRAILING TECHNIQUES
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LEVEL FOUR
Perception – Subject is physically assaultive and ma y cause bodily injury
Response – Defensive tactics (includes: personal weapon defense, e.g. hands, knees,
feet, active countermeasures, etc.; impact weapons, e.g. ASP, weapon retention
techniques, conducted energy devices)
DEFENSIVE TACTICS
USE OF FORCE MODEL – FUNCTIONAL PROFILE
ASS AULTIVE (Potential Bodily Harm): LEVEL 4 DEFENSIVE T ACTICS
FORCE OPTIONS (also includes all opti ons from lower Levels)
> HEAD
> HANDS
PERSONAL W EAPON DEFENSES > ELBOW S
> FEET
> KNEES
IMPACT W EAPONS (ASP) > STRIKES
> IMPACT PROJECTILES
> CANI NE OPERATIONS
LESS LET HAL W EAPONS > CONDUCTED ENERGY
DEVICES
> OTHER OPTIONS
> FRONT
W EAPON RET ENT ION TECHNIQUES (Less Lethal) > REAR
> SIDE
OT HER W EAPONS > CONTROL / APPREHENSION
CANINE* TECHNIQUES
*Deployment of canine for apprehension/protection shall be preceded by actions of
suspect which are consistent with Level 4 (Assaultive – Potential Bodily Harm) behavior.
The exception to this is the deployment of canine for building searches or related
circumstances, where the suspect actions are not known. In this ci rcumstance
procedures spelled out in the “Cani ne Operations” General Order (99-04) shall be
followed.
21
LEVEL FI VE
Perception - Subject is assaultive and likely to cause SERIOUS bodily injury or
death
Response- Deadly force (includes: weapon/weapons attack defense, lethal
f orce utilization with service/supplemental weapons, forcible stopping
techni ques for assault with vehicle incidents)
DE ADLY FORCE
USE OF FORCE MODEL – FUNCTIONAL PROFILE
ASS AULTIVE (Serious Bodily Harm/Death): LEVEL 5 DEADLY FORCE
FORCE OPTIONS (also includes all opti ons from lower Levels)
> W EAPON
ATT ACK DEFENSE > W EAPONLESS
> W EAPON RETENTION
T ECHNIQUES
> SERVICE W EAPON
LET HAL FORCE UT ILIZAT ION > SUPPLEMENTAL W EAPON
> OTHER OPTIONS
OT HER OPTIONS: > CONTACT
FORCIBLE ST OPPING T ECHNIQUES > ROADBLOCK
22
EXHIBIT B
POLICE DEPARTMENT FY2021 BUDGET
Revenue
Description Approved
Hotel/Motel Tax -538,170
Animal Permits & Licenses -35,000
Federal Grants -7,880
Federal Pass-Through Grants -240,285
Other State Grants -825
Johnson County -179,816
Coralville -94,670
University Heights -1,307
Other Local Governments -27,737
Special Police Services -100,000
Animal Impound & Boarding -14,920
Excessive Alarms -6,360
Charges for Services -5,990
Contrib & Donations -77,000
Copies/Computer Queries -11,240
Sale of Maps/Videos -20,550
Sale of Autos -39,900
Animal Adoption -35,000
Misc Sale of Merchandise -6,250
Reimb of Expenses -23,250
Sale of Equipment -1,000
Total Revenue -1,467,150
Expenditures
Description Approved
Perm Full Time 8,471,607
Perm Part Time 57,234
Temporary Employees 136,749
Overtime Wages 708,500
Longevity Pay 63,925
Health Insurance 1,810,402
Dental Insurance 34,570
Life Insurance 17,032
Disability Insurance 5,354
Unemployment Compensation 6,000
FICA 231,331
IPERS 158,103
Public Safety Retirement 1,829,111
Uniform Allowance 23,975
Monthly Cellular/PCS All 1,200
High Speed Internet All 540
Court Costs & Services 2,772
Investigative Funds 2,000
Financial Services & Charges 2,066
23
Consultant Services 1,000
Other Professional Services 99,400
Veterinary Service 71,656
Mail & Delivery 311
Legal Publications 320
Transportation 7,700
Training Instructor 10,000
Registration 61,200
Lodging 30,750
Meals 25,300
Certifications 6,220
Bonding & Other Insurance 240
Electricity 32,575
Landfill Use 400
Heating Fuel/Gas 3,416
Refuse Collection Charge 3,000
Cell Phone/Data Service 48,000
Car Washes 5,173
Other Building R&M Services 33,435
Structure R&M Services 1,153
Heating & Cooling R&M Services 34,000
Furnishing R&M Services 200
Electrical & Plumbing Repair 826
Office Equipment R&M Services 3,178
Radio Equipment R&M Services 5,050
Other Equipment R&M Services 4,926
Software R&M Services 109,500
Laundry Service 1,408
Snow and Ice Removal 1,840
Towing 4,000
Outside Printing 10,922
Other Operating Service 3,388
ITS-Server/Storage Chgbk 88,991
ITS-PC/Peripheral/Table 146,227
ITS-Capital Replacement 6,240
ITS-Infrastructure Fee 75,160
ITS-Software SAAS Chgbk 35,460
Photocopying Chargeback 20,380
Phone Equipment/Line Charge 28,571
Mail Chargeback 10,251
Delivery Services Charge 553
City Vehicle Replacement 3,470
City Vehicle Rental Charge 410
Fuel Chargeback 122,664
Vehicle R&M Chargeback 109,156
Pass-through Grants 86,284
Permitting Fees 250
Dues & Memberships 3,495
Land & Building Rental 1,007
Misc Services & Charges 800
24
Office Supplies 15,110
Sanitation & Indust Supplies 4,719
Photo Supplies & Equipment 2,700
Radio Equipment Supplies 4,400
Subscriptions 24,861
ITS-Data Storage Media 4,240
Software 11,000
Misc Computer Hardware 3,317
Laboratory Chemicals &S 9,244
Laboratory Equipment 3,000
Other Chemicals & Supplies 529
Clothing & Accessories 5,968
Uniform Clothing 40,362
Protective Armor/Vests 17,336
Leather Accessories 4,000
Other Maintenance Supplies 921
Equipment R&M Supplies 920
Other Vehicle R&M Supplies 3,295
Animal Feed 8,315
Animal Supplies 51,630
Training Supplies & Materials 8,044
Minor Equipment 31,300
Tools 150
First Aid/Safety Supplies 6,025
Purchases For Resale 6,591
Miscellaneous Supplies 5,730
Fire Arms Supplies 45,000
Food and Beverages 2,159
Automobiles 286,000
Trucks 5,000
Other Vehicular Equipment 5,000
Other Operating Equipment 113,000
Software 15,000
Total Expenditures 15,667,193
25
EXHIBIT C
Date: June 11, 2020
To: Ashley Monroe, Assistant City Manager
From: Stefanie Bowers, Human Rights Coordinator & Equity Direc tor
Re: Update on Racial Equity Toolkits June 2020
Since 2016, fifteen City departments/divisions have completed training on using
racial equity toolkits to review their policies, procedures, services, and programs:
Parks and Recreation, Fire, Library, Police, Accounting, Animal Care Center,
Building Inspection, Community & Development Services, Human Rights, MPOJC,
Purchasing, Finance, Housing Authority, Housing Inspecti on, and Human
Resources. The last remaining departments, City Clerk, Communications, Public
Works, Transit, Senior Center, and the Airport will be completed in 2020.
The use of racial and socioeconomic equity toolkits has allowed staff in those
departments/divisions to normalize conversations on race and to be conscious of
race in the services we provide as a City to the community. The toolkits have
aided staff’s ability to more effectively collect data, work with community voices,
deliver the training of the toolkit to other staff for capacity building within the City,
and to recognize racial equity as a priority that will lead us to better decision
making and better outcomes.
The departments/divisions used a three -step process to gather information that
was used to inform planning and decision making about public policies and
programs. Each step is enumerated below.
Step 1: “What is the impact of the proposal on determinants of racial equity?” The
aim of the first step is to determine whether the proposal will have an impact on
equity or not.
Step 2: “Who is affected by the proposal?” This step identifies who is likely
affected by the proposal.
Step 3: “Opportunities for action?” The third step involves identifying the impacts of
the proposal from a racial equity perspective. The goal is to develop a list of likely
impacts and actions to ensure that negative impacts are mitigated, and positive
impacts are enhanced.
26
As departments/divisions have become more comfortable at operationalizing the
use of a racial equity lens, we have seen an increase in translations of City
documents into other languages, fine-free policies on young adult and children
materials at the Library, increased marketing and donation acceptance for
expansion of the utility discount pr ogram, and support for the creation of the South
District Home Investment Partnership Program. Emphasis on equity throughout
City activities has also expanded to beyond staff use. For example, the equity
working group of the Climate Action Commission is de termining how this tool or
similar lens could be used in review of proposed actions and community
engagement.
Departments/divisions also receive biannual supplemental training by the
Government Alliance on Race and Equity (GARE). The most recent GARE training
was held on March 29, 2020. In addition, City department s/divisions report out on
a quarterly basis on trainings and outreach. The most recent report is attached.
Past quarters can be found at https://www.icgov.org/city-government/departments-and-
divisions/equity-and-human-rights/social-justice-and-racial-equity under Social Justice
and Racial Equity Quarterly Updates.
27
EXHIBIT D
Special Populations Involvement Program (SPI) Fiscal Year 2021 Op erating Budget
SPI Supervision Adopted
Perm Full Time 76,815
Health Insurance 21,457
Dental Insurance 407
Life Insurance 150
Disability Insurance 219
FICA 5,776
IPERS 7,251
Registration 600
Lodging 390
Meals 200
Certifications 765
Cell Phone/Data Service 625
ITS-Server/Storage Chg 511
ITS-PC/Peripheral/Tabl 864
ITS-Software SAAS Chgb 237
Photocopying Chargeback 1,275
Office Supplies 200
SPI Supervision Total 117,742
SPI Clubs & Events Adopted
Lessons -9,900
Special Events -7,370
Contrib & Donations -400
Temporary Employees 45,427
FICA 3,475
IPERS 4,288
Transportation 1,500
Vehicle Rental 900
Misc Services & Charge 1,609
Gasoline 100
Recreational Equipment 1,000
Recreational Programs 8,500
Food and Beverages 2,327
SPI Clubs & Events Total 51,456
SPI Revenue Total -17,670
SPI Expense Total 186,868
Projected Balance 169,198
28
EXHIBIT E
TO: Interim Chief Bill Campbell
FROM: Sgt. Derek Frank
RE: April 2020 Use of Force Review
DATE: May 22, 2020
The Use of Force Review Committee met on May 22, 2020. It was composed of Sgt. Frank
and Officer Neeld. Captains Campbell and/or Brotherton had reviewed the reports previously.
For the review of submitted reports in April, 25 individual officers were involved in 16
separate incidents requiring use of force.
Any issues or concerns were identified and addressed at previous levels of review.
The highest level of force used in each incident is below:
Hands-on 6
Taser Display 1
Taser Discharge 2
OC Spray
Deployment 0
Firearm(s)
Display 6
Firearms
Discharge 0
ASP Striking 0
Officer
Striking/Kicking 0
Animal
Dispatched 1
SRT Callouts 0
Vehicle Pursuits 0
Officer Injuries 1 (Superficial)
Suspect Injuries 2 (Superficial)
Reports submitted
to U.S. DOJ 0
Copy: City Manager, All Police Supervisors, Review Committee
29
IOWA CITY POLICE DEPARTMENT
Use of Force Report
Ap ril 2020
Officer
Badge
Number#
Date
Incident
Number #
Incident
type
Force Used
34 4/1 2020002840 fight Subject attempted to flee on foot from
officer, who tripped him to the ground and
pulled arm behind back for cuffing –
subject resisted and tried to turn over and
keep other hand away from officer – officer
pulled one arm up subject’s back to gain
compliance, which he did - cuffed
27, 6, 49,
62, 41, 7
4/6 2020002911 Weapons-
related
Officers displayed various firearms during
high-risk traffic stop – no further force
used
17 4/7 2020002913 Burglary Officer displayed pistol and gave
commands to two burglary suspects who
attempted to flee and hide from officers
27 4/12 2020002994 Domestic Handcuffed subject lunged at another and
attempted to headbutt him – officer
grabbed subject by should, around torso,
and held him back from continuing assault
32, 5, 36,
26, 43
4/15 2020003020 Domestic Subject refused to follow instructions and
tensed/pulled against officers during
attempted custody/cuffing – CED was
deployed, which allowed for handcuffing –
subject refused to get in squad and was
pushed/pulled in for transport
68, 39 4/15 2020003027 Mental issue Officers grabbed subject by each arm
when he showed signs of aggression
toward paramedic – when subject
attempted to lunge/punch, officers used
momentum to put him on the ground and
handcuff
34 4/20 2020003093 trespass Officer punched subject and deployed
CED at subject who struck him, got on top
of officer on the ground, and grabbed in
the area of officer’s pistol.
68, 34,
35, 70
4/20 2020003099 Assist other
agency
Officers pointed rifle, pistols, and shotgun
in direction of hiding subject during search
for others who fled from shooting scene
30, 20,
39
4/22 2020003127 Mental issue Subject experiencing mental issue ignored
orders and requests and attempted to
enter kitchen, past officers. Officers
30
grabbed his torso, took him to the ground
to control movement and forced hands
behind back for cuffing as he tensed and
attempted to pull away.
37 4/22 2020003129 Trespass Officer pointed CED at subject who was
found inside vacant house, hiding and did
not follow instructions to lie on ground
30 4/23 2020003141 Suicidal
subject
Officer grabbed subject by his jacket and
pulled him to safety from a ledge where he
was sitting and threatening to jump
17, 23,
25
4/29 2020003191 Stolen
vehicle
Officers conducted high-risk traffic stop
with pistols and rifle displayed and ready –
subject followed commands and was
cuffed
22, 68 4/27 2020003202 NCO
violation
Officer gave commands while pointing
pistol at subject who ran/hid and was
reportedly possibly armed with a gun –
second officer tackled subject to ground to
control movement after not following
commands - cuffed
18, 25,
58
4/28 2020003205 No-contact
order
violation
Subject was pushed against a wall and
arms forced behind back to handcuff when
he attempted to pull away from officers
and retreat into apartment – he was
pushed/pulled to squad when he refused
to walk on his own
37, 30 4/29 2020003230 Burglary Officers cleared residence with pistol in
low-ready and provided commands when
they encountered a subject hiding –
pushed subject against wall to control
movement when he attempted to pull
away – leg sweep when subject continued
to turn toward officer prior to search –
knee on back to control movement during
search
30 4/29 2020003254 Injured deer Officer shot injured deer
31
EXHIBIT F
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
EXHIBIT G
[DRAFT] MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING
Date: June 10, 2020
This MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING is entered into by the Johnson County Sheriff’s
Department, Iowa City Police Department, University of Iowa Department of Public Safety,
Coralville Police Department, North Liberty Police Department and University Heights Police
Department to grant authority to our law enforcement officers from each jurisdiction to intervene if
unreas onable force is observed.
DUTY TO INTERVENE
Any law enforcement officer present and observing another law enforcement officer using force
that is beyond that which is objectively reasonable under the circumstances shall when in a
position to do so, intercede to prevent the use of unreasonable force.
Sworn officers and deputies must protect the public and other employees regardless of tenure, rank,
or member agency, and must safely intervene by verbal and physical means.
A law enforcement officer who observes another employee use force that exceeds the degree of
force permitted by law should promptly report these observations to a supervisor.
We agree and hold ours elves accountable to the communities we serve.
Respectfully,
_________________________________ ________________________________________
Bill Campbell, Iowa City Chief of Police Scott Beckner, Director of Public Safety U of Iowa
____________________________________ ________________________________________
Lonny Pulkrabek, Johnson County Sheriff Shane Kron, City of Coralville Chief of Police
____________________________________ _______________________________________
Diane Venenga, North Liberty Chief of Police Troy Kelsay, University Heights Chief of Police
56
EXHIBIT H
57
58
59
60
EXHIBIT I
Permanent Employee s Race/Ethnicity Data
**“More than 1 Race” not tracked prior to 2018
597 596 603 584 583 558 562 557 550 553 549
18 16 16 15 15 17 16
21 21
28
26
15 16 16 16 16 14 12 13 13 13
18
5 5 5 6 6 4 4 6 6 6 7
4 6 9
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Iowa City Permanent Employee Demographics: Race/Ethnicity
10-Year Historical
White Black or African American
Hispanic Asian
American Indian or Alaska Native Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander
More than 1 Race
90.00%
4.26%2.95%1.15%0.16%0.00%1.48%
78.34%
5.47%
5.07%6.55%
0.20%0.04%4.33%
White Black or
African
American
Hispanic Asian American
Indian or
Alaska Native
Native
Hawaiian or
other Pacific
Islander
More than 1
Race
Permanent City Employee Race/Ethnicity Demographics vs. City
Population Race/Ethnicity Demographics (as % of total)
Iowa City Permanent Employees (2020)Iowa City Population (2010 Census)
61
Police Union-Members Race/Ethnicity Data
Members of the police union, or Police Labor Relations Organization (PLRO)
include sworn officers.
52 55 58 55 55 60 61
59 59 58 58
2 2 2
2 2 2
2
5 4 5
5
2 2 2
2 2 2 1 1 1 1 2
1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Iowa City Police Union Member Demographics: Race/Ethnicity
10-Year Historical
White Black or African American
Hispanic Asian
American Indian or Alaska Native Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander
More than 1 Race
86.57%
7.46%
2.99%2.99%0.00%0.00%0.00%
78.34%
5.47%5.07%6.55%0.20%0.04%4.33%
White Black or
African
American
Hispanic Asian American
Indian or
Alaska Native
Native
Hawaiian or
other Pacific
Islander
More than 1
Race
Police Union Member Race/Ethnicity Demographics vs. City Population
Race/Ethnicity Demographics (as % of total)
Police Union Members (2020)Iowa City Population (2010 Census)
62
Non-Union Police Employees Race/Ethnicity Data
Non-union police employees include all department staff except PLRO sworn
officers. This includes sworn supervisors, administration, civilian officers, and
animal control.
Race/ethnicity demographic information for non -union police staff is not available
prior to 2018.
37
36
39
1
1
1
1
1 1
2018 2019 2020
Non-Union Police Demographics: Race/Ethnicity
10-Year Historical
White Black or African American
Hispanic Asian
American Indian or Alaska Native Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander
More than 1 Race
63
EXHIBIT J
Information about the namesake of Wetherby Park
The following information includes sourced excerpts from the Putnam Museum
(http://putnam.org/Isaac-A-Wetherby) and the National Historic Registry of Historic Places.
The home of Isaac A. Wetherby, currently located at 611 N. Governor Street, was
registered on the National Register of Historic Plac es in 2009 for significant historical
contributions to arts and commerce in the City of Iowa City. The application for registry
with NRHP has additional details regarding Wetherby’s contributions to Iowa City
community. This information can be found at: https://catalog.archives.gov/id/75339226 .
Minutes from a 1976 Iowa City Parks Commission meeting, when W etherby Park was
renamed, are also attached.
History
“Isaac A. Wetherby with his camera, c. 1869. (Library
of Congress, LC-USZ62-3529)
Isaac Augustus Wetherby was born in Province,
Rhode Island on December 6, 1819 to Isaac (Sr.) and
Sophia Wetherby. Isaac Sr. worked at a number of
professions to provide for his family. The happiest
years of young Wetherby’s life were spent in
Charleston, MA, where his father was a factory
foreman. Although Isaac was considered one of the
town hooligans, he still attended several noteworthy
schools. As an adult, Isaac reflected on his time at the
Stowe Academy, reminiscing about a relative’s farm
nearby. It was here that he discovered and developed
his love of drawing. By 1834 times became hard for
the Wetherbys. Isaac Sr. worked a variety of
temporary jobs, and encouraged his son to use his
talent and creativity to sustain a life for himself.
Isaac moved to Boston and began his career as a professional artist. Isaac’s early
commissions were for portraits. However, he implemented a cutting edge (for the time)
technique. Using a process called daguerreotyping, the time required to sit for a portrait
was significantly diminished. Daguerreotyping was the one of the first photographic
processes available. Originally used in the early 1840s, the daguerreotype used
chemicals and light to etch images onto metal plates. Isaac took a daguerreotype of the
sitter and then paint from the image when the sitter was not available.”
“While living in Louisville, Isaac traveled frequently to Tama County, Iowa, as well as
Rockford, Illinois. He also found his political voi ce during this time, becoming a staunch
and vocal Republican. After only a few months, Isaac returned to Boston to further himself
as a photographer.”
“Unfortunately, Isaac’s talents did not cross over into the agricultural world. After his farm
failed, he and his family moved to Iowa City. Upon arrival in town, Isaac set up shop, and
became Iowa City’s first commercial photographer. Business was thriving, and soon Isaac
was able to move his shop across town, to a larger location.” “During this time Linco ln was
running for the Presidential Office, and being known to be a republican supporter, Isaac
64
was approached by Dr. Kimball to create a number of posters in support of L incoln for the
race. While a number were created, only one known specimen remains. Pe rhaps the most
interesting is the one in our collection here at the Putnam. It was created in June of 1860,
and paid for by Dr. Kimball with a recycled gold watch. The oth er posters were paid for
with $12, ‘choice’ fruit, and an axe.”
In later years he retired and began to travel more, always a bit of a rover throughout his
life. Over the years Catherine and Isaac grew apart and, following the appearance of a
mysterious step daughter on census records, she and their eldest daughter disappear
from the Isaac’s records and presumably set out on their own. Isaac spends the last four
years of his life in Kansas. He works, like his father in the twilight of his life, as a janito r in
a sanitarium. This is where Isaac will eventually pass away in 1904. His body wa s sent to
Catherine, back in Iowa. She buried him in Iowa City’s Oakland Cemetery.
Despite his talent, there is very little written about Isaac Augustus Wetherby. His detailed
day books, however, provide a one of a kind look inside the mind of an artis t. The books
are available for public viewing during regular hours at the Iowa State Historical Library in
Iowa City, IA.
This project is supported in party by the State Historical Society of Iowa, Historical
Resource Development Program.”
Weatherby Park naming Council Proceedings included below:
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
EXHIBIT K
74
75
Item Number: 3.
J une 11, 2020
Letter from U.S. Departmen t of Hou sing and Urb an Develop ment:
Consol idated An n u al Performance Eval u ation Rep ort - Prog ram Year 2018
AT TAC HM E NT S :
Description
L etter from U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development: Consolidated A nnual
Performance Evaluation Report - P rogram Year 2018
Item Number: 4.
J une 11, 2020
Email from John E. Patch ett: Dubuque Street Closu re [x2]
AT TAC HM E NT S :
Description
Email from J ohn E. Patchett: Dubuque S treet Closure [x2]
Item Number: 5.
J une 11, 2020
Z oom in vite from Jon Li: Un d erstandin g local h eal thcare in the time of
C O VID-19
AT TAC HM E NT S :
Description
Email from J on L i: Understanding local healthcare in the time of C O V I D-19
Item Number: 6.
J une 11, 2020
Historic Preservation Commission : May 14
AT TAC HM E NT S :
Description
Historic P reservation Commission: May 14