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HomeMy WebLinkAbout2021-03-11 Info Packet City Council I nformation Packet March 11, 2021 IP1.Council Tentative Meeting S chedule March 16 Work Session IP2.Work Session Agenda IP3.I owa City Pavement Management Program F Y 2020-2024 IP4.Memo from City Manager: Utility P rotocol Update IP5.Pending City Council Work S ession Topics Draft Minutes IP6.Airport Commission: February 11 IP7.L ibrary B oard of Trustees: February 25 March 11, 2021 City of Iowa City Page 1 Item Number: 1. March 11, 2021 Council Ten tative Meeting Sched u l e AT TAC HM E NT S : Description Council Tentative Meeting S chedule City Council Tentative Meeting Schedule Subject to change March 16, 2021 Date Time Meeting Location Tuesday, March 16, 2021 5:00 PM Special Formal Meeting Zoom Meeting Platform Work Session 7:00 PM Formal Meeting Tuesday, March 23, 2021 4:00 PM Special Work Session Zoom Meeting Platform Tuesday, April 6, 2021 4:00 PM Work Session Zoom Meeting Platform 6:00 PM Formal Meeting Tuesday, April 20, 2021 4:00 PM Work Session Zoom Meeting Platform 6:00 PM Formal Meeting Tuesday, May 4, 2021 4:00 PM Work Session Zoom Meeting Platform 6:00 PM Formal Meeting Tuesday, May 18, 2021 4:00 PM Work Session Zoom Meeting Platform 6:00 PM Formal Meeting Tuesday, June 1, 2021 4:00 PM Work Session Zoom Meeting Platform 6:00 PM Formal Meeting Tuesday, June 15, 2021 4:00 PM Work Session Zoom Meeting Platform 6:00 PM Formal Meeting Tuesday, July 6, 2021 4:00 PM Work Session Zoom Meeting Platform 6:00 PM Formal Meeting Tuesday, July 20, 2021 4:00 PM Work Session Zoom Meeting Platform 6:00 PM Formal Meeting Tuesday, August 3, 2021 4:00 PM Work Session Zoom Meeting Platform 6:00 PM Formal Meeting Tuesday, August 17, 2021 4:00 PM Work Session Zoom Meeting Platform 6:00 PM Formal Meeting Item Number: 2. March 11, 2021 Work Session Agen d a AT TAC HM E NT S : Description Work Session Agenda Item Number: 3. March 11, 2021 Iowa City Pavement Man agement Program F Y 2020-2024 AT TAC HM E NT S : Description I owa City Pavement Management Program F Y 2020-2024 CITY OF IOWA CITYPavement Management Program FY 2020-2024 Page 1 of 64 City of Iowa City | Pavement Management Program | FY 2020-2024 Prepared by Acknowledgements Mayor Bruce Teague, Mayor City Council Pauline Taylor, District A Susan Mims, District B John Thomas, District C Laura Bergus, At Large Mazahir Salih, At Large Janice Weiner, At Large Advisory Group Jason Havel, PE; City Engineer Jason Reichart, PE; Civil Engineer Killian Laughead, Engineering Technician HR Green Aaron Granquist, PE; Project Manager Jeremy Kaemmer, PE & AICP; Engineer, Planner, & Author Steve Prideaux, AICP; Planner and Author Iowa Pavement Management Program Inya Nlenanya, PhD; Technical Support and Data Delivery Page 2 of 64 City of Iowa City | Pavement Management Program | FY 2020-2024 Prepared by Executive Summary The City of Iowa City is a unique municipality in Iowa. It is one of the remaining few jurisdictions, in all of Iowa, without dedicated funding for transportation infrastructure improvements, to supplement roadway use tax funds distributed by the state. It is consistently one of the fastest growing cities in the state, is the 5th most populous city, and has the 4th highest population density1, which puts strain on the limited funding. Despite this, the City must maintain 237 miles of streets, and has done so exceptionally well. Of all major metropolitan areas in the state, the City of Iowa City has the 3rd-highest average condition score, based on the Iowa Pavement Management Program’s (IPMP) condition assessment. Appropriate rehabilitation techniques and pavement management methodologies have allowed the City to maintain a road network of high average quality. It is that same appreciation for pavement management planning that led Iowa City to contract with HR Green, Inc. to improve their pavement management program. Pavement management is a program that carries out an important City policy. The policy objective is to improve overall street conditions in an efficient manner that maximizes public benefits. This proactive approach is important for a municipality tasked with maintaining the eighth largest roadway network in the state. The goals of this pavement management program include: ➢ Review the City’s standards for street construction and maintenance practices ➢ Develop an inventory of the City’s street system ➢ Evaluate the system’s current roadway conditions using data provided by the Iowa Pavement Management Program (IPMP) ➢ Determine major rehabilitation and reconstruction alternatives and trigger thresholds for use in the data analysis and projections. ➢ Create a comprehensive pavement management model using the IPMP data and the Pavement Management Software dTIMS BA™ ➢ Develop maintenance/replacement schedules with annualized costs for various funding levels and scenarios. 1 U.S. Census Bureau; American Community Survey, 2010 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates, Table DP05; generated by Jeremy Kaemmer; <https://data.census.gov/cedsci/>; (September 2019). The City’s pavement rehabilitation treatment alternatives and project determination process were reviewed, and a set of preferred treatment alternatives and appropriate selection criteria were developed from this review, with City feedback. Pavement Condition Data has been collected statewide for all public roads in Iowa, at least every 2 years, since 2013. This is done through the Iowa Pavement Management Program, which is funded by the Iowa Department of Transportation and is run out of the Institute for Transportation at Iowa State University. The data collection consultant for the IPMP uses a specialized van outfitted with an array of sensors and drives every road in the state to collect information about the pavement distresses visible on the surface. The most recent data collection for Iowa City was in 2019. It was very useful for assessing conditions in Iowa City and developing a comprehensive inventory using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Each roadway segment collected had the distress data distilled into the City Pavement Condition Index (CityPCI) used throughout the state. Based on the CityPCI results, Iowa City has an average score of 66/100, which is considered “Good Condition” as well as the 3rd-highest average score of all major metropolitan areas in Iowa. The street conditions throughout the City were found to be fairly homogenous. Different surface types were all well distributed and did not have significant condition differences between them. Local/Residential class roads were found to have slightly lower scores on average, however. This is somewhat expected because they make up the majority of streets and are less cost effective to fix due to their dispersed nature. The Local streets are still considered to be in “Good Condition,” on average, and since they are travelled at lower speeds and have smaller volumes of traffic, it should not be a major concern. Using the IPMP data, existing City resources, and input from City staff, a complex pavement management model was created using the dTIMS Business Analytics™ software. This model was then used to analyze various funding and performance-based scenarios for the Iowa City streets program. The findings of the investigation determined that the current construction budget of approximately $2.5 Million is likely not sufficient, based on long- term sustainability. This holds true even when the base funding is 73.8 70.4 56.8 65.9 58.0 56.7 53.5 63.9 57.4 57.0 0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 WEST DES MOINES WATERLOO SIOUX CITY IOWA CITY DUBUQUE DES MOINES DAVENPORT COUNCIL BLUFFS CEDAR RAPIDS AMES Network Average PCI Score Page 3 of 64 City of Iowa City | Pavement Management Program | FY 2020-2024 Prepared by supplemented with funds used for CIP projects, which in the past 5- years, has ranged from $1.6 Million to $7.7 Million. The model determined that it would take an increase of at least $11 Million, for each year’s budget, to keep the current condition steady over the next 15 years. Without this funding increase, the overall average condition is expected to decline. However, the funding scenarios found that even the worst case kept the City’s overall average condition in at least the “Fair” category. Since Iowa City is still above the “Good” threshold by a fair amount, a slight decline in condition may not be considered necessarily a bad thing and instead the City should look at adopting a performance goal where they set target minimum condition for various classes of roads. One possible goal could be keeping Arterial Roads at 70/100, Collector Roads at 66/100, and Local Roads at 60/100. Using the same pavement management model and the findings from the initial budget-based investigations, a funding investigation was performed. Research from Iowa State University’s annual retail –sales analysis provided insight into how Iowa City could help alleviate the increasing burden of pavement management costs. A Local-Option Sales Tax (LOST) was determined to be a viable option and could be used to generate between $8 Million and $12 Million, per year, in new revenue, although half must be dedicated to property tax abatement. Other Cities that have effectively used this funding source include Cedar Rapids and Waterloo. Waterloo leveraged their LOST, established in 1991, to reach the number 1 spot, in overall roadway quality for all of Iowa, while Cedar Rapids currently generates well over $18 Million per year with their LOST. The funding investigation showed that: ➢ Iowa City needs more funding ➢ The City has viable and effective tools at its disposal and the only major metro area in the State not already using a LOST ➢ A LOST could possibly generate over $8-$12 Million in annual revenue ➢ Implementing a LOST may be politically and logistically difficult ➢ LOST’s grow organically to more sustainably meet future needs ➢ LOST’s export tax burden to users, not property owners ➢ A One-Cent LOST combined with the currently available budget is the most sustainable funding alternative for Iowa City The most compelling finding was a LOST-based funding scenario where the current budget was added to new funding source allowed network- level conditions to stabilize after a small drop. This means LOST could act as a sustainable long-term funding option. Finally, the results of the scenario modelling exploration were then incorporated into the pavement management model which was used to generate an objective and computer optimized 5-Year Capital Improvement Plan (CIP). The CIP is a list of recommended projects for Iowa City to complete over the next 5 years. This list of projects was produced using the results of the dTIMS BA model, as well as several other factors. The project list is optimized for the most effective use of available funds, based on the pavement condition data and planning- level information provided by the City. The complete list of recommended projects and maps identifying the location for the proposed treatments can be found in Appendix A: Capital Improvement Plan starting on page 54 These lists and maps will serve as a tool to assist City staff during the project planning process, but they do not replace engineering judgement. Project types may change from what is in the CIP and projects will likely move between phases for various reasons. Some projects may even leave the plan entirely as new ones are added. Some reasons the program may change include field conditions not captured by the IPMP data, required utility improvements, or environmental hazards causing changes to local conditions. Consisting of 43 Projects, the recommended projects contained within the CIP will address nearly 17 Miles of roads. This document is not the end of the Pavement Management Program, however. Not only do the projects need to be constructed, still, but this should be considered a “Living Document” because it needs to shift and change with the conditions of the streets as well as the needs of its citizens. The City receives new IPMP data every 2 years, so this gives a good impetus for renewing the pavement management model and adjusting the plan based on new information. Expect to hear more things about this program, in the future, including updated city-wide condition performance metrics and revised CIP’s! Page 4 of 64 City of Iowa City | Pavement Management Program | FY 2020-2024 Prepared by Table of Contents Executive Summary 2 Table of Contents 4 List of Figures 4 List of Tables 4 List of Maps 5 Background 6 Introduction 6 2.1. What is Pavement Management? 6 2.2. Program Goals 7 Methodology 8 3.1. Data Collection 8 3.2. Condition Thresholds 10 3.3. dTIMS Business Analytics (PMS) 12 3.4. Performance Curves 12 3.5. Treatment Alternatives 13 Existing Condition Analysis 19 4.1. Functional Class and Pavement Type 19 4.2. Pavement Condition 20 4.3. Pavement Condition Trends 21 4.4. Cross Comparisons 21 4.5. Success in Iowa City & Cautions 21 4.6. Historical Funding & Expenditures 43 4.7. Existing Operations 44 4.8. Treatment Type Selection 44 Scenarios/Recommendations 45 5.1. Modelling 45 5.2. Determining Need 45 5.3. Scenarios 45 5.4. Results 46 5.5. Funding 49 5.6. Performance Metrics and Goal Setting 52 Capital Improvement Plan 53 Keep in Touch! 53 Appendix A: Capital Improvement Plan 54 Appendix B: Changing to CityPCI 60 List of Figures Figure 1:Performance Curve 7 Figure 2: Overview of the Iowa City Street Network 8 Figure 3: A “Pathrunner” Automated Data Collection Vehicle (Pathways) 8 Figure 4: Automated Crack Analysis Software 8 Figure 5: Example of Alligator Cracking (ASTM) 9 Figure 6: Example of Block Cracking (ASTM) 9 Figure 7: Example of Distortion (ASTM) 9 Figure 8: Example of Transverse Crack (ASTM) 9 Figure 9: Example of Patching (ASTM) 9 Figure 10: Example of Rutting (ASTM) 9 Figure 11: Condition Thresholds 10 Figure 12: Example of “Very Good” Condition (HMA) – Benton Street 10 Figure 13: Example of “Very Good” Condition (PCC) – Ball Street 10 Figure 14: Example of “Good” Condition (HMA) – Sycamore Street 10 Figure 15: Example of “Good” Condition (PCC) – Friendship Street 10 Figure 16: Example of “Fair” Condition (HMA) – Muscatine Avenue 11 Figure 17: Example of “Fair” Condition (PCC) – Hollywood Blvd 11 Figure 18: Example of “Poor” Condition (HMA) – Rundell Street 11 Figure 19: Example of “Poor” Condition (PCC) – Wayne Street 11 Figure 20: Example of “Very Poor” Condition (HMA) – E Davenport Street 11 Figure 21: Roadway Imagery of a “Very Poor” HMA Pavement 11 Figure 22: Example of “Very Poor” Condition (PCC) – Kimball Road 11 Figure 23: Roadway Imagery of a “Very Poor” PCC Pavement 11 Figure 24: dTIMS BA Interface 12 Figure 25: Pavement Performance Curves 12 Figure 26: Reconstruction of I-94 (NDDOT) 13 Figure 27: Reconstruction of Michelmore Street (Bidgee) 13 Figure 28: HMA Overlay Placed on Milled Pavement (Famartin) 13 Figure 29: Cold Milling Machine (Anthony Neff) 14 Figure 30: Slurry Seal Being Placed by Hand (Miraflores) 14 Figure 31: Microsurfacing Crew at Work. (Eric Pulley). 14 Figure 32: Close-up View of Chip Seal Surface 14 Figure 33: PCC Restoration (City of Cedar Rapids). 15 Figure 34: Pavement After Diamond Grinding (John Roberts). 15 Figure 35: Cape Seal (Michael Quinn-NPS) 15 Figure 36: Crack Sealing Performed W/ Routing (USAF/Kenna Jackson) 15 Figure 37: HMA Patching with Localized Pavement Removal (KOMU) 16 Figure 38: Functional Class Distribution (By Centerline Miles) 19 Figure 39: Pavement Type Distribution 19 Figure 40: Condition Distribution by Pavement Type 20 Figure 41: Condition Distribution by Functional Class 20 Figure 42: Iowa Urban Agency Comparisons 20 Figure 43: Network-Level Pavement Condition Trend 21 Figure 44: Condition Trend by Pavement Type 21 Figure 45: Unaccounted for Failure 22 Figure 46: Some Historic Streets in Iowa City 22 Figure 47: Historical and Projected Roadway-Eligible Revenues by Source 43 Figure 48: Historical and Projected Roadway-Expenditures by Type 43 Figure 49: Projected “Need” 45 Figure 50: What The Benefits Calculation Looks Like 45 Figure 51: Example of a Treatment Strategy Executed by dTIMS. 46 Figure 52: Projected Condition distribution (Base Budget- $2M) 46 Figure 53: PCI and Backlog Projections by Budget 47 Figure 54: Distribution Projections for $4 M, $6 M & $8 M Budgets 48 Figure 55: Example of Arterial Target Condition (70/100) 48 Figure 56: Example of Collector Target Condition (65/100) 48 Figure 57: Example of Local Target Condition (60/100) 48 Figure 58: dTIMS BA Recommended Budget Proportions 49 Figure 59: Taxable Retail sales History and Projection 49 Figure 62: Projections for LOST Funding Scenarios 50 Figure 63: Street Funding Source Estimates 51 Figure 64: Treatment Distribution by Functional Class Over Time 53 Figure 65: Treatment Type Proportion for CIP (No Major CIP Projects) 53 Figure 66: Treatment Type Proportion for CIP (Full CIP w/ Dodge Street) 53 List of Tables Table 1: Primary Capabilities & Functions Of HMA Pavement Treatments 16 Table 2: General Expected Performance of Maintenance Treatments 16 Table 3: Treatment Alternative Details 17 Table 4: Reconstruction Cost Calculation 18 Table 5: Crack and Seat Cost Calculation 18 Table 6: Mill and overlay Cost Calculation 18 Table 7: Thick Overlay Cost Calculation 18 Table 8: Thin Overlay Cost Calculation 18 Table 9: PCCR Cost Calculation 18 Table 10: Microsurfacing Cost Calculation 18 Table 11: Diamond Grinding Cost Calculation 18 Table 12: Crack Sealing/Filling Cost Calculation 18 Table 13: Patching Cost Calculation 18 Table 14: Cross Comparison of PCI by Pavement Types and Classes 21 Table 15: List of Common Capital Improvement Funding Sources 43 Table 16: Alternative Street Funding Sources and Estimated Revenues 51 Table 17: Changes to PCI Deduction Weighting 62 Table 18: Distress Threshold Comparison 62 Page 5 of 64 City of Iowa City | Pavement Management Program | FY 2020-2024 Prepared by List of Maps Map 1: Functional Class Overview 23 Map 2: Pavement Type - Overview 24 Map 3: Pavement Type – District A 25 Map 4: Pavement Type – District B 26 Map 5: Pavement Type – District C 27 Map 6: Arterial Pavement Condition - Overview 28 Map 7: Arterial Pavement Condition – District A 29 Map 8: Arterial Pavement Condition– District B 30 Map 9: Arterial Pavement Condition – District C 31 Map 10: Local/Residential Pavement Condition – Overview 32 Map 11: Local/Residential Pavement Condition – District A 33 Map 12: Local/Residential Pavement Condition – District B 34 Map 13: Local/Residential Pavement Condition – District C 35 Map 14: Rate of Deterioration - Overview 36 Map 15: Rate of Deterioration – District A 37 Map 16: Rate of Deterioration – District B 38 Map 17: Rate of Deterioration – District C 39 Map 18: Pavement Distresses – District A 40 Map 19: Pavement Distresses – District B 41 Map 20: Pavement Distresses – District C 42 Map 21: Recommended Projects – (Overview) 56 Map 22: Recommended Projects – District A 57 Map 23: Recommended Projects –District B 58 Map 24: Recommended Projects –District C 59 Page 6 of 64 City of Iowa City | Pavement Management Program | FY 2020-2024 Prepared by Background The City of Iowa City, located in Johnson County, Iowa, maintains a large roadway network consisting of over 227 centerline miles of streets and is the 8th largest municipal road network in the state. A limited streets program budget, primarily funded through roadway use tax funds and property tax revenue, requires city staff and elected officials to make difficult decisions when determining annual maintenance and reconstruction expenditures. The overall annual budget for roadway improvements in Iowa City has averaged between $2.0 Million and $2.5 Million for the last 5 years, which restricts the ability to address roadway needs in the City. Other funds, in the form of grants or property tax revenues, are also used for large construction projects, on an as needed basis. These additional funds have ranged from $1.6 Million to $7.7 Million in annual contributions, over the past 5 years. Each year, approximately 2 miles of roads are improved via overlays, partial reconstructions, and various maintenance activities. At this pace, it would take the City over 100 years to address every street within its network. Considering the average service life of streets in Iowa is 50-70 years, that is altogether too slow, especially since major corridors will need more regular treatments. Until now, the City’s framework for determining which streets to repair has been informed by condition data from the Iowa Pavement Management Program but was ultimately governed by the professional judgement of City staff. Staff knowledge is critical to identifying projects and determining the appropriate treatments, but at a systematic planning level, there are better techniques and powerful software tools to help optimize the process. Introduction The City contracted with HR Green, Inc. (HRG) to complete a Pavement Management Plan in July 2019. This project will help the City develop an objective, data driven, and sustainable approach to managing its roadway assets as well as to budget for future needs. HRG’s effort included the following: ➢ Reviewing the City’s standards for street construction and maintenance practices ➢ Developing an inventory of the City’s street system ➢ Evaluating the system’s current roadway conditions using data provided by the Iowa Pavement Management Program (IPMP) ➢ Determining major rehabilitation and reconstruction alternatives and trigger thresholds for use in the data analysis and projections. ➢ Create a comprehensive pavement management model using the IPMP data and the Pavement Management Software dTIMS BA™ ➢ Developing sustainable maintenance/replacement schedules with annualized costs for various funding levels and scenarios. Data evaluation was restricted to the previous five years based on the typical duration of the City’s Capital Improvement Program (CIP) as well as data availability from IPMP which began providing statewide coverage in 2013. 2.1. What is Pavement Management? Pavement Management is a program that carries out an important City policy. The policy objective is to improve overall street conditions in an efficient manner that maximizes public benefits. This proactive approach is important for a municipality tasked with maintaining roadway infrastructure spanning over 25 square miles of land and containing over 237 miles of streets. Using Pavement Management methodology, HR Green developed recommendations using the right pavement treatment, at the right time, on the right road. Large amounts of pavement condition data were collected and analyzed with complex computer models (further described in Section 3 Methodology) to determine the best use of the available revenues to improve the overall condition of the City’s road network. This report is the culmination of those efforts and includes a 5-year plan of recommended projects that capitalizes on $2+ million in annual revenue set aside solely for the maintenance, rehabilitation, and reconstruction of public streets. Page 7 of 64 City of Iowa City | Pavement Management Program | FY 2020-2024 Prepared by 2.1.1. Pavement Life Cycles Pavement management techniques are important as pavements do not decay at a constant rate over time. Time is a crucial factor in how much investment it takes to repair a road back to a serviceable condition. New pavement will not change drastically over the early years of its life; however, sharp declines can occur quickly with older pavements. The pavement may even reach “failed” status without intervention. Small investments at appropriate intervals can drastically improve and extend pavement life. Rehabilitating a pavement in “Fair” condition, for example, will usually cost less than 25% of reconstructing a failing pavement while extending pavement life significantly. It is important to invest wisely and early, as a consequence. This plan sets the City of Iowa City on a course towards this practice. Before an ideally-maintained roadway network can be reached, however, many of the worst roadways will require reconstruction or rehabilitation. Pavements within the “Poor” condition category will, in most cases, be deferred or given light maintenance with the intent of reconstructing before reaching “Very Poor” condition. This effectively saves money and squeezes the most life out of the network while still giving the opportunity to practice ideal Pavement Management elsewhere in the community. Figure 1:Performance Curve Renovating a pavement in “Fair” condition will usually cost less than 25% of reconstructing a failing pavement. (FHWA) 2.2. Program Goals The purpose of this Pavement Management Plan is to create a sustainable program for maintaining and improving street conditions within Iowa City. This document provides a framework to assist the City in maximizing the impact of its expenditures in the wisest and most cost- effective manner. The City manages its street network primarily using road use tax (RUT) revenues, which causes the scope of pavement management in the City to be quite limited. Road use tax funds are not growing at a pace that can sustainably address the need for roadway improvements in the community. Major projects with high costs, such as the Dubuque Street Reconstruction, also often require large amounts of money beyond those available from RUT. As such, the City already uses significant property tax revenues and outside funding sources, such as grants, to pay for improvements, especially reconstruction, since historically the RUT revenues have been used exclusively for rehabilitations. The City will likely need to lean more heavily property taxes in the future, if feasible alternative funding streams are unable to be identified. With these funding limitations, it is imperative that the $2 Million in regularly available funds are used wisely and that other funding approaches sufficiently explored. Pavement Management Goals: ➢ Perform a full condition assessment of the existing street network ➢ Review City standards and maintenance practices for potential process improvements ➢ Select appropriate treatment alternatives and trigger conditions for the pavement management model ➢ Create a comprehensive inventory and pavement management model in dTIMS BA ➢ Identify any future funding deficiencies ➢ Evaluate impact of potential funding sources such as Local-Option Sales-Tax (LOST) and General Obligation Bonds (GO Bonds). ➢ Assess potential target condition goals for different functional classifications and their feasibility given budget constraints. ➢ Develop an objective and data-driven 5-year Pavement Management Plan Page 8 of 64 City of Iowa City | Pavement Management Program | FY 2020-2024 Prepared by Methodology 3.1. Data Collection 3.1.1. Base Inventory The first step in any Pavement Management Program is to develop an accurate inventory of streets. City staff provided HR Green with available GIS information and historical reference material outlining its current network. This was then cross-referenced against county records and updated to include the many roads recently constructed due to the rapid development occurring within Iowa City. Some spatial manipulation and data filtering were required to make better use of the Iowa City base files for modelling purposes. This included eliminating or combining short segments, ensuring accurate intersection contiguity, and developing a linear reference system. Figure 2: Overview of the Iowa City Street Network This graphic shows an overview of The City’s inventory of paved streets that they are responsible for maintaining. 3.1.2. Pavement Distress Data After the inventory was established, the condition was then determined for each asset. This assists with prioritizing roadways by their current level of serviceability as well as helping estimate their respective remaining life spans. Roadway pavement condition data were collected by an automated data collection vehicle, like the “Pathrunner” used by Pathways Services Inc., the Iowa DOT ‘s data vendor. This is a van outfitted with an array of sensors and cameras that automatically collect data on and around the road. These data include, but are not limited to cracking, potholes, faulting, spalling, rutting, etc. Examples of specific pavement distresses can be found in Section 3.1.3 . Due to a change in vendor from Fugro Roadware Inc. to Pathways, in 2015, there are small discrepancies in how distresses are classified/measured between data collected under the different contracts. This is because the vendors use similar but different equipment and softwares, even though they collect the same data. Concrete joint related distresses and patching are the most affected, but Iowa DOT has certified the new data set as being sufficiently compatible and research into systematically accounting for the remaining minor differences is ongoing. Figure 3: A “Pathrunner” Automated Data Collection Vehicle (Pathways) This is one of the van’s that the current data collection vendor used to collect pavement condition in Iowa City in 2019. The pavement condition data for each year was processed and aggregated using the newly updated Iowa City inventory and segmentation, for use in ESRI ArcGIS™ (a mapping and data analytics software) by the Iowa Pavement Management Program (IPMP). IPMP’s services are provided through Iowa State University’s Institute for Transportation, which is the agency currently supporting Iowa DOT’s pavement management data collection. The collected pavement distress data were then distilled into a Pavement Condition Index (PCI) for each street. A PCI is used to help communicate a road’s pavement condition by rating it on a scale from 0 to 100, with 0 representing a failed pavement that has essentially turned completely to rubble and 100 representing an excellent pavement from a freshly paved street. This plan uses the CityPCI method for calculating condition indices for urban areas in Iowa, as developed by the IPMP technical subcommittee. Using this index as a guide, each of the roads was then placed into a condition category ranging from “Very Poor” to “Very Good.” All the data was then appended with additional information regarding traffic, functional class, number of lanes, and the like, then stored within both GIS and dTIMS BA databases so that it could be analyzed in the pavement management models. Figure 4: Automated Crack Analysis Software This picture is a screenshot of an automated crack detection software that uses elevation information and photogrammetry to identify distresses and categorize their severity Page 9 of 64 City of Iowa City | Pavement Management Program | FY 2020-2024 Prepared by 3.1.3. Example Pavement Distresses Figure 5: Example of Alligator Cracking (ASTM) This image is from the ASTM D6433 “Standard Practice for Roads and Parking Lots Pavement Condition Index Surveys.” Alligator Cracks are when pavement breaks into a “scaly” pattern typically caused by fatigue, either from repeated heavy loads, lack of sufficient subgrade support, or weakened material due to drainage issues. Figure 6: Example of Block Cracking (ASTM) This image is from the ASTM D6433 “Standard Practice for Roads and Parking Lots Pavement Condition Index Surveys.” Block cracks are when pavement breaks into “chunks” or “blocks” that are roughly rectangular, caused by internal stress from temperature or lack of lateral support. Figure 7: Example of Distortion (ASTM) This image is from the ASTM D6433 “Standard Practice for Roads and Parking Lots Pavement Condition Index Surveys.” Distortions are when the pavement warps its shape without much cracking. Typically caused by shifting or displaced underlying material. Figure 8: Example of Transverse Crack (ASTM) This image is from the ASTM D6433 “Standard Practice for Roads and Parking Lots Pavement Condition Index Surveys.” A common distress caused by a wide variety of issues. Figure 9: Example of Patching (ASTM) This image is from the ASTM D6433 “Standard Practice for Roads and Parking Lots Pavement Condition Index Surveys.” Patching is the result of corrective actions already taken and are indicative of underlying issues as well as a common point of failure. Figure 10: Example of Rutting (ASTM) This image is from the ASTM D6433 “Standard Practice for Roads and Parking Lots Pavement Condition Index Surveys.” Rutting is a depression along the wheel-path caused by traffic loads. Page 10 of 64 City of Iowa City | Pavement Management Program | FY 2020-2024 Prepared by 3.2. Condition Thresholds The Pavement Condition Index (CityPCI) used in this plan helps differentiate and prioritize between individual streets, but due to the sampling methodology used by the data collection vendor it should not be interpreted as a 100% accurate, infallible rating. The difference between a 52/100 rating and a 55/100 could be only a few cracks. Since the data collection vehicle typically only drives one side of the street it may occasionally miss a few distresses near the middle, or the other side could be in slightly better/worse condition. A difference of a few points one way or the other should not be interpreted as a definitive ruling on one street being better than the other. Changes in PCI less than 10 points are, in most cases, imperceptible to the naked eye. Instead of using PCI literally, condition categories were assigned to each street based on where the value fell on the 0 to 100 scale. For example, pavements with PCI ratings below 20 are considered to be “Very Poor” while those above 80 would be “Very Good.” This was done to help with understanding and assessment of the ratings, as well as to allow them to be used in a practical sense Figure 11: Condition Thresholds This chart shows the proposed relationship between CityPCI and the condition categories used in this plan. Figure 12: Example of “Very Good” Condition (HMA) – Benton Street This picture was taken from the 2017 data collection records. Benton Street west of Miller Ave. It has a nearly perfect PCI of 99/100 because it was recently overlaid. Figure 13: Example of “Very Good” Condition (PCC) – Ball Street This image shows the recently constructed Ball Street in the Peninsula neighborhood, from the 2017 data collection, in which it was rated as 97/100. It would be considered “Very Good” for a PCC pavement. A score of 80/100 or greater is considered “Very Good.” Roads with pavement in “Very Good” condition exhibit very few surface distresses, if any, and those that are apparent will be very low in severity. Most often, these pavements will be relatively new. The average age of “Very Good” pavements in Iowa City is likely less than 15 years, meaning they were either recently constructed or rehabilitated with an overlay in the past few years. As such, it may not be feasible to expect every street in a city to be “Very Good” because it would be prohibitively expensive to resurface every street in only 15 years’ time. Pavements with CityPCI scores between 61 and 80 are considered to be in “Good” condition. The distresses on these streets are more noticeable but do not cause much concern because they are minor and infrequent. Most drivers will not even notice the few cracks and distortions. Regular maintenance activities like crack sealing can help prevent the spread of these deficiencies and preserve these pavements for quite some time for low costs. The majority of Iowa City’s streets would be considered in this category. Figure 14: Example of “Good” Condition (HMA) – Sycamore Street This picture of Sycamore Street, north of Highway 6. It was rated as 70/100, which would be considered good for an HMA pavement. Low severity cracks and small distortions can be found, but nothing that impacts drivers. Figure 15: Example of “Good” Condition (PCC) – Friendship Street This image shows an example of a PCC pavement in “Good” condition. Friendship Street between 5th and 4th s rated as 76/100, because of a few cracked panels and small patches in decent repair. “Fair” streets (CityPCI 41-60), have quite noticeable distresses. Either many low severity distresses, or a few high severity distresses. These will still not impact drivers very much, however. At this point in a pavement’s life, it is about 75% of the way through its expected serviceability. It will begin deteriorating much more quickly and fall into “Poor” (21-40) or “Very Poor” (1-20) in a few years, if neglected. However, because the distresses on “Fair” streets are still minor, this is often the ideal time to Rehabilitate them affordably. On the other hand, pavements that deteriorate further, into the “Poor” and “Very Poor” categories, will likely require Reconstruction, which is far costlier. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Local Arterial Very Good Good Fair Poor Very Poor Page 11 of 64 City of Iowa City | Pavement Management Program | FY 2020-2024 Prepared by Figure 16: Example of “Fair” Condition (HMA) – Muscatine Avenue This image of Muscatine Ave between Bradley and 5th is an example of HMA pavement in “Fair” condition, with a PCI of 50/100. There are very noticeable distresses but they only impact drivers slightly because they are sealed. Figure 17: Example of “Fair” Condition (PCC) – Hollywood Blvd This picture of Hollywood Blvd between Boyrum and Keokuk is an example of a PCC pavement that was rated as 47/100 which would be considered “Fair.” Figure 18: Example of “Poor” Condition (HMA) – Rundell Street This image shows an HMA street whose pavement is rated as 33/100 and considered to be in “Poor” condition. Rundell Street, south of Sheridan exhibits point failures and areas of major alligator cracking caused by drainage issues. Figure 19: Example of “Poor” Condition (PCC) – Wayne Street This image is an example of a PCC pavement in “Poor” condition. Wayne Street east of 2nd was rated as 31/100 due to cracked panels and crack/joints that are failing. These conditions would certainly impact driver experience. Figure 20: Example of “Very Poor” Condition (HMA) – E Davenport Street This picture of East Davenport Street, between Johnson and Lucas, is the worst HMA surfaced street and is considered to be in “Very Poor” condition. Rated as 1/100, this road’s pavement exhibits distresses across the entirety of the street likely because of an aged brick base beneath the asphalt. Figure 21: Roadway Imagery of a “Very Poor” HMA Pavement This imagery is from the section of Davenport shown in Figure 20. These were captured by the data collection vehicle’s downward facing camera (left) and LIDAR array (right). These are one of the key resources used in evaluating pavement condition. Figure 22: Example of “Very Poor” Condition (PCC) – Kimball Road This portion of Kimball Road is one of the worst PCC streets in Iowa City and is considered “Very Poor”. Rated as an 17/100 in 2017, it exhibits multiple points of severe distress that could not be addressed through any means other than rebuilding the road from the base up. Figure 23: Roadway Imagery of a “Very Poor” PCC Pavement This image is from the section of Kimball shown in Figure 22. These were captured by the data collection vehicle’s downward facing camera (left) and LIDAR array (right). These are one of the key resources used in evaluating pavement condition. Page 12 of 64 City of Iowa City | Pavement Management Program | FY 2020-2024 Prepared by 3.3. dTIMS Business Analytics (PMS) A Pavement Management Software (PMS) is a decision-making tool that assists a City in making cost-effective decisions related to the maintenance and rehabilitation of roadway pavements. It provides a process or system for rating pavement condition, establishing a consistent maintenance and repair schedule, and evaluating the effectiveness of maintenance treatment strategies. The PMS used by the City of Iowa City is called “Deighton Total Infrastructure Management System: Business Analytics” or dTIMS BA. This software was developed by Deighton Limited as an asset management software capable of storing all sorts of physical infrastructure assets and specializes in how it uses heuristic algorithms to optimize spending patterns. Each road is separated into pavement management sections, typically broken up by city block or by other physical features like bridges and railroad crossings. Segments are associated to the road, as a whole, using a “Linear Reference System” where each segment would appear in sequence based on its distance from the start of the road. The pavement distress data, including the PCI ratings, are then imported into the web-based software and used to develop a customized pavement management model for the City of Iowa City The dTIMS BA model is a collection of the raw distress data, equations, variables, and rules for treatment applications, as well as their effects. One of the most important equations used are the performance curves which describe the behavior of pavements over time. 3.4. Performance Curves Different types of pavement behave differently, and different classes of road have different stressors. To accommodate these factors, a pavement life cycle curve was developed for asphalt and concrete pavement types, separated further by the type of road, either Arterial/Collector or Local/Residential. These curves were calibrated to follow the general assumption that a pavement reaches “Fair” condition at 75% of its design life and “Very Poor” condition at the end of its design life. These curves do not necessarily represent the traditional design life-cycle curve; instead they address the performance of the pavement and how much longer we can realistically expect it to last without having to determine the structural characteristics and history for every street in the City. Each pavement management section has an effective “performance age” that determines its behavior. This performance age is determined based on trends determined from previous data collections. Using that data, a rate of deterioration can be calculated for each street individually and then fit to the appropriate family curve. The PCI rating is then projected along the curve and tested to see if various treatments would be appropriate at each point along the individual performance curve. Other curves were similarly created for specific distresses, such as Alligator Cracking, Spalling/D-Cracking, and Rutting. These distresses progress in predictable ways and occasionally preclude certain types of treatments from being applied. For example, a street with severe r utting (> 0.5”) would not be a good candidate for a slurry seal or thin overlay. Conversely, if these distresses progress past a certain allowable threshold, more expensive treatments, like reconstruction, will be selected as the only reasonable option even if the PCI would not necessarily indicate that on its own. Figure 24: dTIMS BA Interface The dTIMS BA software is accessed through normal computer browsers and operates over cloud- based technology. Calculations are performed on remote servers, meaning any computer can use it, regardless of hardware capabilities! Figure 25: Pavement Performance Curves These 4 curves are the pavement performance curves utilized in the Iowa City dTIMS BA model. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80PCI Performance Age PCC-Local 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80PCI Performance Age PCC-Arterial 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80PCI Performance Age HMA-Local 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80PCI Performance Age HMA-Arterial Page 13 of 64 City of Iowa City | Pavement Management Program | FY 2020-2024 Prepared by 3.5. Treatment Alternatives “The success of a pavement-preservation program is based on selecting the right treatment for the right pavement at the right time” (FHWA). A single pavement treatment, when properly applied, can extend the life of a roadway by as much 15 years. Before a decision on when and where a treatment can be applied, an agency must know what treatments it will consider. Dozens of potential products and techniques are available; however, not all treatment options are feasible, affordable, or effective. Climate, cost, and capability considerations must be made ahead of time. The group of treatments available for a given municipality can be thought of as a “toolbox” filled with options appropriate for the tasks they would expect to encounter. The toolbox recommended for the City of Iowa City consists of three primary types of treatments often referred to as the 3 R’s of Pavement Management: Reconstruction, Rehabilitation, and Restoration. Every pavement will eventually deteriorate to a point that it cannot effectively be repaired in an economical fashion leaving reconstruction as the only viable option. Reconstructing a road from the base up is always a potential option and effective treatment but it is also typically the most expensive solution. As such, rehabilitation fills an important role in a pavement’s life-cycle. Rehabilitation treatments usually cost significantly less than full reconstruction and can extend a pavement’s life substantially. Rehabilitation treatments in this section are split into major and minor variations. The former provides structural improvements to help a deteriorated pavement recover whereas the latter provide relatively smaller improvements and are typically more preventative in nature. Restoration treatments, sometimes referred to as “preservation” or “maintenance”, are those applied regularly to prevent issues from developing or to prevent existing problems from spreading. Construction standards and specifications for the following treatment alternatives should follow the Iowa Statewide Urban Design and Specification (SUDAS) manual, where applicable. These research- backed approaches to construction and pavement management techniques will extend pavement life beyond traditional methods. Often costing more, the increased performance life still makes it the cost- efficient and sustainable approach, long-term. 3.5.1. Reconstruction ▪ Reconstruction Reconstruction of pavements is often the only way to save a deteriorated roadway. Unfortunately, these needs usually outstrip available funding. This treatment type should be reserved for pavements that cannot be salvaged through rehabilitation or on high-profile corridors where safety and capacity needs are paramount. When Reconstructing a pavement, the City can use any material they wish. Most commonly for Iowa City, Full-depth PCC is used. However, full-depth HMA, or a composite pavement of PCC with an HMA overlay, may be considered when design constraints warrant. To provide for this option the City should consider using “bid-alternates” where contractors can choose which type of structure to use and bid based on the equivalent design of their choice. Figure 26: Reconstruction of I-94 (NDDOT) This photo shows the Construction of a brand new asphalt cement concrete pavement Figure 27: Reconstruction of Michelmore Street (Bidgee) This photo shows a road torn out and being prepared for reconstruction 3.5.2. Major Rehabilitation ▪ Thick Overlay ▪ Mill and Overlay ▪ Crack and Seat There are few substitutes for adding new concrete on top of old to help keep it functioning and healthy. HMA is the most commonly-applied material (black-topping) but PCC (white-topping) is gaining acceptance in Iowa and is being applied in many locations, as appropriate. HR Green recommends the use of HMA, by default, but also encourage the exploration of white-topping as a secondary option where conditions allow, and costs are comparable. Major rehabilitations suggested herein are all variants of “overlays” where moderately-thick layers of HMA are placed upon existing pavements, sometimes with special preparations. A minimum of 3 inches of HMA is preferable for each treatment, as any less will not provide significant structural benefit. Overlays exceeding that amount are commonly referred to as a “Thick Overlay.” Note, however, that amounts greater than 3 inches can become costly and sometimes may cause logistical difficulties. Overly-thick HMA overlays can affect side street elevations, drainage patterns, driveways, and fill up curbs leaving little depth remaining to control storm water and delineate the edge of the roadway. A thick overlay is the most common rehab used in most agencies and, for the purposes of this report, is recommended to be placed at the end of a pavement’s normal service life. Figure 28: HMA Overlay Placed on Milled Pavement (Famartin) This is a picture of an asphalt overlay placed on I-80 through Elko, Nevada after part of the original pavement was milled off. Page 14 of 64 City of Iowa City | Pavement Management Program | FY 2020-2024 Prepared by When dealing with a full-depth HMA pavement, or one overlaid previously, milling off 2-3 inches of the top can provide significant benefits. It can help smooth the underlying pavement for the final surface, remove harmful defects, help create a more stable bond between pavements, and prevent the overlay from causing the referenced logistical difficulties with side streets, drainage, driveways, and curbs. “Mill and Overlay” treatments are important in keeping a pavement going strong. Once the first thick overlay is placed, it should be milled off approximately every 15 years and replaced to keep the surface from deteriorating too far. One other major rehab treatment to consider on fairly stable and older PCC roads is called a “Crack and Seat Overlay.” This prepares an existing roadway as a suitable base for what is effectively a new HMA pavement on top of it. The PCC is cracked using a drop-hammer apparatus, or other devices, to create a flexible base of broken concrete slabs before placing 3 or more inches of HMA on top of it. This process may require the reconstruction of curbs if the depth of asphalt to be placed would be problematic; however, a milled edge notch may be utilized in some cases to eliminate the need for curb replacement. The new crack and seat pavement is typically a long-lived rehabilitation treatment as it is effectively a new road altogether. Other major rehabilitations, such as hot-in-place recycling and cold-in- place recycling, were considered but are not recommended for use in Iowa City due to their limited applications in urban environments and the City’s limited asphalt roadways. The equipment required to perform these do not leave much flexibility in staging or timing. Even if it were feasible, it would likely be excessively disruptive to local traffic patterns. Figure 29: Cold Milling Machine (Anthony Neff) Cold Milling Machines like the Caterpillar PM 622 above are used to strip off the top layer of pavement. Those millings could then be used for in-place recycling, or the pavement could receive a new 3” overlay. 3.5.3. Minor Rehabilitation ▪ Slurry Seal ▪ Thin Overlay ▪ Microsurfacing ▪ Bituminous Seal Coat (Chip Seal) ▪ Cape Seal ▪ PCC Restoration ▪ Diamond Grinding Minor Rehabilitations fill a different role than the aforementioned Major Rehabilitations. They usually are placed to prevent moisture and seasonal weather effects like rain and heat from causing too much damage. They will seal the pavement from water and provide a new “wearing surface” for cars to drive on instead of damaging the underlying pavement. Slurry seals are one of the most common surface treatments used in the United States, though still somewhat rare in more northern climates. It is effective at sealing low-severity cracks, waterproofing the pavement, and restoring friction to surface for increased driver safety. Slurry seals also address raveling, oxidation, and hardening of asphalt. This treatment consists of a mixture of crushed, well-graded aggregate, mineral filler, and asphalt emulsion that is spread across the full width of the pavement or used as a strip treatment for targeted treatment of low distress areas and cracks. The thickness of the seal coat is generally less than 1/2 inch, but it can still extend a pavement’s life up to 7 years, when applied at the right time. However, the low amount of aggregate means it will not be effective at addressing anything beyond superficial distresses. Thin Overlays are essentially the same treatment as a Thick Overlay; except they are approximately 1 ½ inches of HMA, instead of 3+ inches used for Thick Overlays. 1 ½ inches is the recommended thickness for Thin Overlay because, if it was thinner, it may be susceptible to cracking or rutting very quickly due to vehicle loads. Thin Overlays are also not appropriate on roadways with significant deformities like severe rutting and structural distresses, such as severe alligator cracking or warping, but they do have more broad uses than slurry seals. It is also common to see the use of recycled asphalt and rubber materials in Thin Overlays which can reduce costs and possibly increase durability. Microsurfacing, on the other hand, consists of a thin application like a slurry seal but uses a polymerized binder with finer aggregate. It can smooth over minor deformities while still adding a small amount of structural durability. It also creates that same seal against water and wear consistent with Minor Rehabilitations. It is a versatile and relatively cheap treatment that can address a wide variety of distresses, even load-based ones. A relatively new technique, it is not yet common in the state of Iowa. However, the City of Des Moines has recently invested into this treatment method and begun incorporating it into their regular pavement management practices. Figure 30: Slurry Seal Being Placed by Hand (Miraflores) This slurry seal is being placed to refresh the surface of the Villeno Rey Bridge in Miraflores, Peru. Figure 31: Microsurfacing Crew at Work. (Eric Pulley). This is picture shows a crew using a Microsurfacing machine to lay a new surface on this street. Figure 32: Close-up View of Chip Seal Surface This close-up picture of a road that has been chip seal shows how coarse the application is and how aggregates tend to be looser on top of the new surface compared to other treatments that evenly mix the aggregate into the binder. Page 15 of 64 City of Iowa City | Pavement Management Program | FY 2020-2024 Prepared by Bituminous Seal Coats, also known as Chip Seals, are effective treatments for HMA surfaces that improve friction, inhibit raveling, correct minor roughness and bleeding, and seals the pavement surface from moisture. Bituminous Seal Coats are also used to address longitudinal, transverse, block cracking, and medium severity fatigue cracks. Chip Seals can even be applied in multiple layers to address more serious problems. The application of a Chip Seal consists of an asphalt emulsion that is applied directly to the pavement surface and is followed by the laying of aggregate “chips” on top of the emulsion. Those chips are then immediately rolled into the emulsion in order to embed them. It is a cost- effective and versatile treatment but, unfortunately, often is not recommended for urban applications due to a number of issues with public perceptions. The large amounts of loose aggregate chips that fail to bond are often kicked up or tracked elsewhere by vehicles, and since the binder tends to bleed in the few days after application, vehicles often leave tracks on neighboring streets. As such, many agencies consider this too “messy” or disruptive for urban environments. Cape Seals somewhat solve the issue of Chip Seals by using the same basic technique, but then finishing it with a Slurry Seal or a layer of Microsurfacing over the top. This additional seal coat locks in the loose aggregate chips and inhibits the binder bleeding. This approach has many of the same benefits as a Thin Overlay and may even come at a somewhat comparable cost. PCC Restoration is a holistic repair to a street constructed using jointed PCC, including any or all of the following actions: panel replacement, profiling, repairing utility cuts, full depth patching, and joint repairs. PCC Restoration is more than simply pavement patching, it is strategic repair to existing deficiencies and can help save an otherwise stable road from further deterioration. A typical application removes and replaces 10%- 20% of the existing pavement, to address localized distresses. This type of repair can be performed by either internal city forces or as part of larger contracts for outside contractors. Diamond Grinding is not a commonly applicable treatment, but due to its low cost should be considered when conditions warrant. Diamond Grinding is best used when a weathered pavement is beginning to show signs of aggregate polishing to add texture back to it for vehicle traction, or when settling early in a pavement’s life caused minor joint faulting. Diamond Grinding can smooth those faults and leave an otherwise stable pavement intact with its ride significantly improved. It would not, however, be appropriate for pavements with substantial cracking or signs of structural deficiencies such as severe panel cracking, spalling, or d- cracking. Figure 33: PCC Restoration (City of Cedar Rapids). This is a picture of a city maintenance crew in Cedar Rapids performing a panel replacement as part of a larger concrete restoration project. Figure 34: Pavement After Diamond Grinding (John Roberts). This picture shows the texture of PCC pavement after diamond grinding was used on it. The image was taken on a project near Chicago Illinois. Figure 35: Cape Seal (Michael Quinn-NPS) This picture taken by the National Parks Service near the entrance to Grand Canyon National Park shows a loose chip seal (right) that is having a slurry seal applied (left) to effectively turn it into a cape seal. 3.5.4. Restoration/Preservation ▪ Crack Sealing ▪ Pavement Patching Restoration treatments use simple techniques to seal defects from moisture infiltration and prevent them from spreading. Crack Sealing, for example, is a standard maintenance practice, recommended to be performed by city forces every 3-5 years on a road. Larger contracts for outside construction firms may be considered for crack sealing, if the timing and amount of work warrant. Cracks that have slightly deteriorated edges may also need to have the loose pavement cleaned out and rough edges of the crack corrected using a concrete saw or router to improve the sealant bond. However, this is not necessarily recommended as standard practice due to increased costs and inconsistent performance. Crack Sealing in a timely manner, and on a regular basis, is the most important tool in any pavement management program because it will keep a pavement in “good” or “fair ” conditi on much longer than it would without a ttention. Figure 36: Crack Sealing Performed W/ Routing (USAF/Kenna Jackson) This is an example of crack sealing being performed with special preparation in the form of using a router to clean up the crack profile, as being performed by 35th Civil Engineer Squadron. Page 16 of 64 City of Iowa City | Pavement Management Program | FY 2020-2024 Prepared by Pavement Patching is different from Crack Sealing in that it is typically done by city forces after a pavement distress has already deteriorated to the point of becoming a more substantial issue. Patching is typically done with HMA, sometimes with partial removal of the area around the defect or distress. Patching is not intended to serve as a long-term fix, but serves mostly as a way to maintain service, and act as a stop-gap until a more appropriate rehabilitation treatment can be applied. When a surface issue is due to a structural defect, full-depth removal and replacement of the pavement, as well as the base material, may be appropriate. This is referred to as full- depth patching or FDP. This can be costly, but often is the only solution for addressing faulting/spalling of concrete joints or edge/corner breaks, when combined with dowel-bar replacements. It is recommended, by default, that surface patching be performed using localized removals by cutting the pavement in a rectangular or square shape (following joints where possible) and replacing it with new HMA pavement after ensuring the base-material is suitable. When patching a PCC pavement, use of similar material is recommended as well as full removal of panels where appropriate. In cases where failures are located around joints, removals along both adjacent panels and full depth patching should be performed. Figure 37: HMA Patching with Localized Pavement Removal (KOMU) This is an example of an asphalt patch applied with appropriate localized removals and some base repair. 3.5.5. Preferred Treatment Alternatives Table 1: Primary Capabilities And Functions Of HMA Pavement Preservation Treatments Source: Adapted from Johnson, Best Practices Handbook on Asphalt Pavement Maintenance, 2000. All of the treatments in this section may be considered for projects in Iowa City, some are more preferred than others. The CIP will not normally differentiate between types of projects within the same treatment category, as the actual treatment selection should be performed on a project-by-project basis and reviewed by a Professional Engineer. Table 1 provides some simple guidance on which types of treatments are appropriate based on the distresses that a pavement presents and Table 2 helps compare the effectiveness of each treatment over time. Table 2: General Expected Performance of Maintenance Treatments Source: Adapted from Iowa Statewide Urban Design and Specification guide. Treatment Friction Raveling Rutting Potholes Low Med High Crack Treatments Crack Repair with Sealing Clean and Seal X X Saw and Seal Rout and Seal X X Crack Filling X X Full Depth Crack Repair X Surface Treatments Fog Seal X Seal Coat X X Double Chip Seal X X Slurry Seal X X Microsurfacing X X X Thin Overlay X X Pothole and Patching Repair Cold Mix Asphalt X Spray Injection Patching X Hot Mix Asphalt X X Patching with Slurring or Microsurfacing Material X X Cracking Reasons for Use Expected Performance (Treatment Life), Years PCC Crack Sealing 4 to 8 Joint Resealing 4 to 8 Partial Depth Patches 5 to 15 Full Depth Patches 10 to 15 Diamond Grinding 5 to 15 Pavement Undersealing/Stabilization 5 to 10 HMA Crack Filling 2 to 4 Crack Sealing 2 to 8 Pothole Patching 1 to 3 Full/Partial Depth Patches 3 to 15 Fog Seals 1 to 3 Slurry Seals 3 to 6 Microsurfacing 4 to 7 Bituminous Seal Coats 4 to 6 Double Chip Seal 7 to 10 Thin Overlays 7 to 10 Treatment Page 17 of 64 City of Iowa City | Pavement Management Program | FY 2020-2024 Prepared by For planning purposes, treatments are assigned to road segments via a “Decision Tree” in the dTIMS BA pavement management software. This decision tree is then used in determining the total budgetary needs for the network and in assessing each of the Scenarios. The treatments used in the dTIMS BA model represent those expected to be the most commonly selected given certain conditions. These “preferred treatments” will likely comprise the majority of pavement preservation work performed in Iowa City. This list, however, is merely a tool to aid in budgeting and planning and not a prescriptive result. It is not designed to be interpreted as “you must do X”; rather the results from dTIMS are general recommendations based on severity and types of surface distresses. These recommendations will then need to be individually assessed for appropriateness against similar treatment alternatives by a licensed engineer before it is designed and constructed. 3.5.6. Estimated Treatment Costs One of the critical components, in any financial planning endeavor, is accurately predicting costs that will be incurred. In this case, the primary costs of concern are the design, construction, and ancillary costs associated with executing a roadway improvement project. Iowa City has historical information about its expenditures on roadway projects throughout the years showing significant increases in project costs. It was estimated overlay type projects had increased nearly 3% on average each year for the past 5 years. This unusually high cost is likely attributable to the recent expansion of gas-tax expenditures throughout the state causing demand for construction services to go up, allowing contractors and consultants to charge premium prices. This growth was accounted for via a 3% inflation factor applied to all project costs in dTIMS BA. Treatment types were assigned planning-level costs by analyzing local cost information and tabulations of contractor bids for past projects, which were supplied by the City. Assumptions were made regarding mobilization rates, design fees, traffic control, and other ancillary costs based on percentages of the overall costs. Since the costs used in this report are planning-level, it is recommended that each project be reviewed during the annual capital improvement budgeting process, in order to assess each proposed action for ripeness and reasonableness, e.g. is this the right time? Is this the right treatment? The City Engineer may elect to move projects around, into different years, or change the treatment type. For most practical purposes, treatments within the same category are interchangeable because they will likely be appropriate for a project of a certain condition category, regardless, and the actual treatment applied should be based on comprehensive review and engineering judgement. When determining ripeness and reasonableness it may be useful to perform Life-Cycle Cost Analysis to evaluate various treatment alternatives within the same category against each other, or even when considering leaving it to be reconstructed at a later time. 3.5.7. Treatment Selection Criteria With the treatment alternatives selected for the toolbox, the criteria for selecting one treatment over another needed to be determined. Cost and funding availability is regularly the deciding factor for local agencies, getting the most benefit for the least amount of investment possible. Therefore, cost estimates for each treatment were developed using bid tabulations and project histories from various cities’ pavement management programs. The other main factors in treatment selection are condition and distresses. The overall condition of a pavement should determine when it needs work and what type of work. The types of distresses should then be considered when evaluating equivalent treatments based on appropriateness. Table 3 includes a full overview of the treatment toolbox with descriptions, cost estimates, triggers, and the expected effects of each individual treatment alternative. This information is what will be used in the dTIMS BA scenario modelling process, to be performed as part of the Iowa City Pavement Management Program. Table 3: Treatment Alternative Details Category Treatment Description Cost Trigger Reconstruction Reconstruction The complete reconstruction of a roadway and all associated improvements. This assumes new HMA pavement, but full-depth PCC or COM may be considered based on relevant design criteria. $140/sy PCI =Poor OR Very Poor Major Rehabilitation Crack and Seat Overlay Asphalt Overlay, of at least 3 inches thick, with preparation including breaking up existing pavement and setting it up as a good structural base for the new asphalt surface. Effectively creates a new pavement. $65/sy PCI =Poor, Surface = PCC, Low D Crack Mill and Overlay 1.5 to 3 inches of asphalt pavement is milled off and then replaced with 3 inches of asphalt. Repairs surface issues and improves structural character. $60/sy PCI =Poor, Surface = HMA, IRI > 250, Moderate Alligator Cracking Thick Overlay Sometimes called a “Structural Overlay.” 3 inches of Asphalt that adds enough thickness to increase the durability of the roadway and provides a new wearing surface. Can be done with asphalt or PCC (black-topping/white topping) May require replacing curb and gutter. $45/sy PCI =Poor, Low D Crack, Low Spalling, Moderate Alligator Cracking, Moderate Patching Minor Rehabilitation Thin Overlay A “non-structural overlay.” Laid on top of existing pavement; typically, 1-2 inches of asphalt. Improves smoothness and extends the life of roads in good to fair condition. $30/sy PCI =Poor or Fair, Low D Crack, Low Spalling, Low Alligator Cracking, Low Patching, Low Rutting Seal Coat (Various) Slurry Seals, Chip Seals, Cape Seals, etc. Applications of finer aggregate and binder to affordably extend life of existing pavements. Type is condition and location specific. $5/sy PCI = Fair or Good, Surface=HMA, Low Alligator Cracking, Low Patching, Low Rutting, Local Only Microsurfacing Thin asphalt polymer that seals the pavement from weather effects and corrects for minor irregularities. Typically used as a preventative measure, rather than a corrective one. $6/sy PCI = Fair or Good, Low D Crack, Low Alligator Cracking, Low Patching, Moderate Rutting PCC Restoration Portions of the street in bad repair are torn out and replaced. This may include patching, full panel replacement, and full depth repairs at joints. Slightly improves overall condition and helps extend life by addressing problem areas before they spread $21/sy PCI = Fair or Good, Surface=PCC Diamond Grinding Top ¼ inch to a ½ inch of PCC pavement is ground off and textured. This is only done on rough pavements with good structure to improve ride smoothness and increase vehicle traction for safety purposes. $5/sy PCI=Good, IRI>250, Low D Crack, Low Spalling, Low Alligator Cracking, Low Patching, Low Rutting Restoration/ Preservation Crack Sealing Sealant on cracks and joints is used to prevent spreading and moisture from getting into the pavement structure. Deteriorated cracks may be routed or sawed out to provide better seal and bond. $10,500/ Mile/Lane Applied every time Last Work Done counter reaches a multiple of 4 years Pavement Patching Asphalt placed at spot locations. Used only on good pavements with minor failures, or as a stop-gap on poor pavements until a better, more permanent, solution is applied. $3/sy No trigger assigned Page 18 of 64 City of Iowa City | Pavement Management Program | FY 2020-2024 Prepared by The treatment costs listed in Table 3 are considered “all-in” numbers. These costs represent not only the materials, equipment, and labor to perform the construction of the project but also the ancillary costs associated with the given treatment type. For example, the Reconstruction treatment includes costs related to storm sewer as that will be needed as part of the new pavement system. Table 4 through Table 13 provide example calculations for each of the treatment types. Note that these are planning-level costs. While based on engineering judgement and historical bid tabulations, they are not a replacement for an engineering opinion of probable cost. Table 4: Reconstruction Cost Calculation Reconstruction ($/SY) Excavation $ 5.00 Subgrade $ 2.00 Subbase $ 6.00 Subdrain $ 6.00 Storm Sewer* $ 25.00 Pavement Removal $ 10.00 Pavement (PCC) $ 60.00 Driveways/Sidewalks $ 10.00 Seeding/Paint Markings, etc. $ 5.00 Mobilization, Traffic Control, Survey (15%) $ 20.00 Contingency (10%) $ 15.00 Total (Rounded Up) $ 165.00 Table 5: Crack and Seat Cost Calculation Crack and Seat w/ Overlay ($/SY) Crack and Seat $ 6.00 Milling $ 2.00 3" HMA Overlay @ $100/Ton $ 18.00 Tack and Patch @ $200/Ton $ 4.00 Curb and Gutter/Patching $ 10.00 Driveways/Sidewalks $ 10.00 Mobilization, Traffic Control, Survey (15%) $ 8.00 Contingency (10%) $ 7.00 Total (Rounded Up) $ 65.00 Table 6: Mill and overlay Cost Calculation Mill and Overlay ($/SY) 3" HMA Overlay @ $100/Ton $ 18.00 Tack and Patch @ $200/Ton $ 3.00 Milling $ 5.00 Curb and Gutter/Patching $ 8.00 Driveways/Sidewalks $ 9.00 Mobilization, Traffic control, survey (15%) $ 7.00 Contingency (10%) $ 5.00 Total (Rounded Up) $ 55.00 Table 7: Thick Overlay Cost Calculation Thick (3 In.) Overlay ($/SY) 3" HMA Overlay @ $100/Ton $ 18.00 Tack and Patch @ $200/Ton $ 3.00 Curb and Gutter/PCC Patching $ 8.00 Driveways/Sidewalks $ 10.00 Mobilization, Traffic control, survey (15%) $ 6.00 Contingency (10%) $ 5.00 Total (Rounded Up) $ 50.00 Table 8: Thin Overlay Cost Calculation Thin (1.5 In.) Overlay ($/SY) 1.5" HMA Overlay @ $100/Ton $ 9.00 Tack and Patch @ 200/Ton $ 3.00 Curb and Gutter/PCC Patching $ 8.00 Driveways/Sidewalks $ 6.00 Mobilization, Traffic control, survey (25%) $ 5.00 Contingency (10%) $ 4.00 Total (Rounded Up) $ 35.00 Table 9: PCCR Cost Calculation PCC Restoration ($/SY) 10% Remove and Replace $ 10.00 Crack Fill/Seal $ 2.00 Profiling $ 4.00 Mobilization, Traffic control, survey (15%) $ 2.00 Contingency (10%) $ 2.00 Total (Rounded Up) $ 21.00 Table 10: Microsurfacing Cost Calculation Microsurfacing ($/SY) Polymerized Surface Treatment $ 1.50 Tack and Patch @ 200/Ton $ 3.00 Mobilization, Traffic control, survey (25%) $ 1.00 Contingency (10%) $ 0.50 Total (Rounded Up) $ 6.00 Table 11: Diamond Grinding Cost Calculation Diamond Grinding ($/SY) Grinding and Mobilization $ 5.00 Mobilization, Traffic control, survey (25%) Total (Rounded Up) $ 5.00 Table 12: Crack Sealing/Filling Cost Calculation Crack Sealing/Filling ($/Lane-Mile) Crack Sealing (per Mile per Lane) $10,500 Total (Rounded Up) $10,500 Table 13: Patching Cost Calculation Patching ($/SY) Patch @ 200/Ton $ 3.00 Mobilization, Traffic control, survey (25%) Total (Rounded Up) $ 3.00 Page 19 of 64 City of Iowa City | Pavement Management Program | FY 2020-2024 Prepared by Existing Condition Analysis The City of Iowa City maintains approximately 237 Miles of roads and the transportation infrastructure network, not including bridges, is valued at over $610 Million. This is the 8th largest municipal road network in the state, by length. Network Value = $610 Million Pavement condition information from the 2019 automated data collection vehicle run by IPMP’s sub-consultant Pathways was joined to the processed baseline information from the City of Iowa City using ESRI ArcGIS ™ software. That data was analyzed to create overview statistics and investigate various trends, both over time and spatially. Detailed maps were created to illustrate the pavement characteristics and the collected condition data, which can be found starting on Page 23. 4.1. Functional Class and Pavement Type 4.1.1. Functional Classification Roads in Iowa City are separated into three broad categories to help differentiate their use: Local Streets, Collector Streets, and Arterial Streets. Local Streets, also called “residential” are those that serve low levels of traffic at the beginning or ending of their trips. These streets typically have many points of direct access from driveways, often have lower speed limits, and generally provide on-street parking. Local Streets make up the majority of any municipal transportation network. Collector Streets are those that connect locals and concentrate traffic to help move efficiently between adjoining neighborhoods or provide access to the primary street network, namely Arterial Streets. These Collector Streets are generally wider and have slightly higher speed limits than Locals. Arterial Streets are those that carry the most traffic. Vehicles on these trunk roads travel at higher speeds, and these Arterials efficiently move traffic from one end of town to the other. They are often the gateway routes into and out of the City. The reason for this distinction is that Arterial and Collectors are designed for higher volumes of traffic and heavy vehicles like trucks with semi-trailers. As such, they are designed and perform differently, costing more per square yard of pavement than Local streets. The higher traffic causes Arterials/Collectors to wear out faster on average than Locals, and motorists are more sensitive to surface distresses due to the higher speeds. Since Arterials and Collectors carry the vast majority of vehicle miles travelled in Cities, they are more valuable to maintain in good condition. As such, for the purposes of modelling and planning using dTIMS BA, Arterial and Collector streets are considered separately from Local Streets. Iowa City is also unique in the amount of non-Jurisdictional roads within city-limits. Iowa DOT owns many of the highest volume streets in town, including large portions of Burlington, Riverside, Dodge, and Governor. Similarly, roads like Newton are owned by the University of Iowa. This reduces Iowa City’s liabilities and allows them to focus on maintaining more local streets than if those major corridors were their direct responsibility. Figure 38: Functional Class Distribution (By Centerline Miles) This figure shows the breakdown of the various street classifications in Iowa City, based on the official Federal Functional Classification used by Iowa DOT. 4.1.2. Pavement Type Roads can also be separated by their surfacing type. Different pavement surfaces perform differently, have different types of treatment alternatives, and have different initial construction costs. Each type of road was considered separately in the dTIMS BA model for the City of Iowa City. The three main categories considered by this plan are Portland Cement Concrete (PCC), Asphalt Cement Concrete (ACC), and Composite Pavements with HMA over the top of PCC (COM). Some agencies also refer to ACC as Hot-Mix Asphalt or HMA. Other surface types, such as Seal-Coat or Brick were ignored by the dTIMS BA model. This is because the long-term behavior of these types of surfaces, and the budgeting processes used to schedule repairs, differ significantly. Roads identified as having these surface types will need to be considered on a case-by-case basis. Figure 39: Pavement Type Distribution This figure shows the distribution of pavement types in Iowa City. High PCC percentages are normal for most cities in Iowa. Arterial, 42.4, 17.9% Collector, 21.4, 9.0% Local, 173.4, 73.1% ACC 2% COM 21% PCC 75% SEAL 2% Page 20 of 64 City of Iowa City | Pavement Management Program | FY 2020-2024 Prepared by 4.2. Pavement Condition Iowa City’s roads are performing quite well compared to the largest urban agencies in Iowa. In the state, Iowa City’s pavements, with an average CityPCI score of 66/100, are performing better than all but one of the major urban areas. This may be attributable to Iowa City’s natural advantages related to several major corridors being maintained by other agencies and possessing a relatively small street network compared to the population and tax characteristics. PCI = 66 (Good) While the network is performing well overall, when separating out the information based on pavement type it can be noted that composite pavements in Iowa City are performing less well. The largest proportions of composite pavements are in “Fair” or worse condition, unlike ACC and PCC which are primarily considered “Good” or “Very Good.” This is not unusual, however, due to the relatively short service life of overlays, which consistently result in visible surface distresses. Figure 40: Condition Distribution by Pavement Type This figure shows the distribution of pavement conditions for each of the three pavement types. When looking at functional classification, however, there is very little in the way of variation between types. Collector streets do show a slightly wider spread, than the others. They have the lowest proportion of “Good” and “Very Good” streets, but do not present substantially more “Poor” and “Very Poor” streets. Collectors in Iowa City comprise only 9% of streets in the City, though, which makes them more susceptible to outliers from a statistical sense. This is not likely a result from any sort of systemic issue, but quite possibly a small oddity considering the distributions are still nearly identical in shape. Figure 41: Condition Distribution by Functional Class This figure shows the distribution of pavement conditions for each functional classification, as well as the network overall. Classifications show very little variance. 4.2.1. Comparing Across the State Iowa City’s overall pavement condition is exceptional in the State of Iowa. Of all the large cities in the state, Iowa City boasts the 3rd highest network-wide PCI at 65.9/100. Iowa City’s success may be related to the small size of the network and good maintenance practices, but it is still far behind cities like Waterloo and West Des Moines. Waterloo was rated as 70.4/100, in 2018, and West Des Moines, was rated as 73.8/100, in 2017. The main differentiator between Waterloo and Iowa City is likely the long- standing Local-Option Sales-Tax in Waterloo and their consistent application of asphalt overlays. Whereas, West Des Moines’ main differences are that they benefit from a relatively newer roadway network and possess the highest ratio of taxable property per capita, in the state. Figure 42: Iowa Urban Agency Comparisons This figure lists the nine largest urban areas in Iowa by miles of road they maintain and compares their network level PCI scores 0.08 mi 2.75 mi 4.25 mi0.3 mi 10.0 mi 14.5 mi 0.7 mi 23.6 mi 26.7 mi 1.9 mi 5.6 mi 60.8 mi 0.7 mi 8.3 mi 62.1 mi 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% ACC COM PCC Very Poor Poor Fair Good Very Good 31.7% 31.2% 23.0% 11.0%3.1% Network Wide 38.8% 32.2% 22.5% 6.0%0.5% Arterial 33.6% 21.5% 29.8% 11.6%3.6% Collector 29.6% 32.2% 22.2% 12.2%3.8% Local 73.8 70.4 56.8 65.9 58.0 56.7 53.5 63.9 57.4 57.0 0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 WEST DES MOINES WATERLOO SIOUX CITY IOWA CITY DUBUQUE DES MOINES DAVENPORT COUNCIL BLUFFS CEDAR RAPIDS AMES Network Average PCI Score Page 21 of 64 City of Iowa City | Pavement Management Program | FY 2020-2024 Prepared by 4.3. Pavement Condition Trends One of the biggest values of the IPMP Program and the data it provides is the fact that there are multiple years of data to evaluate. This allows for better trend predictions, and it increases the statistical relevance of the data. This volume helps refine the precision of the modelling processes and identify specific conditions that may warrant further investigation. Every other year IPMP receives over 22,000 raw data points from the automated collection vendor, just for the City of Iowa City. Approximately 70,000 data points go into this analysis section. Note, however, that the trend figures only use sections that have at least 3 data points, so may differ slightly from the network level statistics provided. Approximately 165 road segments have less than the full 3 data cycles, but every street has at least 1 year of data to work with. Looking at the network, over time, reveals a slight decline in quality since 2014, it went up from 67 in 2014 to 72 in 2015 and then down to 65 in 2017. This drop is statistically significant given the data quantity processed and action may need to be taken to prevent further decline. One potential explanation is that Iowa City spending, despite increasing slowly, has still been consistently too low for the past 5 years. Other factors are higher construction costs due to increased demand resulting from the 2013 gas-tax increase or the change between data vendors for the IPMP, starting in 2017, might have slightly different instruments and methods for data collection. Figure 43: Network-Level Pavement Condition Trend This figure demonstrates the slight decline the overall network has experienced since 2014. The data differs slightly from other figures because it only includes streets collected all 3 data cycles. When looking at trends based on pavement types, each surface type shows similar drops in quality, since 2014. Comparatively, they are all dropping around the same rate. One trend worth pointing out, however, is Composite (COM) streets with 3 years of data have been consistently underperforming compared to the other pavement types. Figure 44: Condition Trend by Pavement Type This figure demonstrates the slight decline across Iowa City by Pavement Type 4.4. Cross Comparisons Cross comparisons for the current performance of pavement types and classes, identified that local streets with composite pavements are performing less well, on average, in Iowa City. This issue may be alleviated through thicker overlays or interlayer material. Composite Arterial and Collector Pavements are also experiencing high wear, likely due to higher truck loads and traffic volumes in general. Modifying binder strengths or lift thicknesses might improve this trend. More attention to local streets may be warranted, however. While common for networks this size, it may not be desirable to have such a drop off. Table 14: Cross Comparison of PCI by Pavement Types and Classes Pave Type Arterial Collector Local All Classes ACC 67.5 N/A! 52.9 65.6 COM 63.5 60.9 48.5 53.3 PCC 74.3 66.4 68.8 69.6 All Surfaces 71.0 73.9 63.6 67.3 4.5. Success in Iowa City & Cautions Iowa City has many reasons to be proud: ➢ 3rd Highest network PCI of large cities in Iowa ➢ Minimal pavement in “Poor” and “Very Poor” condition ➢ Evenly distributed conditions throughout the City This does not mean, however, that there is no work to be done. In fact, there are some specific weaknesses in the IPMP data that may superficially hide the true conditions of the streets in Iowa City. Some of those data gaps are caused by the way the data is collected, the types of data collected, and completeness of information. The sampling methodology used by the IPMP data vendor consultant only addresses one direction of travel for a road and has certain restrictions. That means the data set, while extensive and significantly better than subjective manual rating, it is not fully comprehensive. In 2018, undivided roads with fewer than 5 lanes were only driven in one direction, meaning that up 75% of pavement area may not be covered on wide streets. Similarly, on-street parking can limit the vehicle’s ability to read a continuous section of road accurately due to weaving maneuvers resulting in readings based on skewed angles and in areas outside the normal driving lane. Roughness data can only be collected when travelling at 20 mph or more and requires a steady speed for at least 200 feet. Short street segments, dead-end roads, on-street parking, pedestrian crossings, and stop sign–controlled intersections can be very disruptive to the roughness measuring equipment, meaning that an urban area with many local streets will likely have low coverage for roughness data. Over 16 miles of streets in Iowa City did not collect any roughness data in 2017, and the other roughness data that was collected may not be reliable. For those 10 miles, roughness had to be assumed based on other distress data. Luckily, the effect of roughness on PCI scores is minor. Other distresses, even though they were collected, may not factor at all into the PCI rating. One prime example is failures. Failures are potholes, both filled and unfilled, identified as irregularly shaped asphalt patches. Failures are a critical distress both in pavement performance as well as driver perception of road quality. Unfortunately, these distresses are treated the same as other patches, if included at all. The CityPCI rating system for full-depth asphalt does not formally include failure as a distress and is 67 72 65 66 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 2014 2015 2017 2019CityPCI 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 2014 2015 2017 2019CityPCI ACC COM PCC Page 22 of 64 City of Iowa City | Pavement Management Program | FY 2020-2024 Prepared by inconsistent in whether it should be considered at all, because the failure is not always indicative of the rest of the roadway conditions. Arthur Street had a very high failure rate the last time it was collected, but still was rated as a PCI of 59/100. The final caveat to this data collection system is that it can only ever address SURFACE distresses. Underlying problems such as voiding, eroding subgrade/subbase, and structural deficiencies cannot be directly identified, only the symptoms. High priority is paid to alligator cracking, spalling, and patching because of their associations with these problems, but evidence of these major deficiencies are not possible to collect directly without ground penetrating radar or pavement cores (both of which are comparatively expensive). Underlying pavement ages are similarly important from a deterioration standpoint. Older, more distressed, bases mean new surfaces will deteriorate faster, due to a lack of stable support. Construction history is not as readily available, so base age was assumed, in many cases. Figure 45: Unaccounted for Failure These images are of a failure and some punch-outs that are not included in the pavement ratings for this section of Arthur Street. Figure 46: Some Historic Streets in Iowa City These images are of some recognizable streets near Iowa City’s downtown area. \\hrgreen.com\HRG\Data\2018\181474\GIS\MXD\MapBooks\Mapbook_2019PMP_Report-LeftLegend2.mxd 12THAVEHOLIDAYRD MUSCATINE AVE AMERI CAN LEGIONRDSES MADISON STMELROSE AVE 420TH STS GILBERT ST5TH S T W IOWA AVE W PARK RDCAMPCARDINALBLVD MORMONTREKBLVDS 7TH AVEKEOKUKSTS 1ST AVEGRANDAVE1STAVE E COURT ST ROCHESTER AVE SYCAMORE STSUNSETSTE WASHINGTON ST HI GH L AND AVE SSUMMITSTW BENTON ST N SCOTTBLVDHEARTLANDDRRIVER ST KIRKWOOD AVE HERBERT HOOVER HWY SE E JEFFERSON STNRIVERSIDEDR LO W E R M U S C A T I N E R D SYCAMORE ST SE OAKCRESTHILLRDSEN D U B U Q U EST 10TH ST E PARK RD WOOLF AVEPRAIRIEDUCHIENRDNEE MARKET ST R O H R E T R D LOWER WEST BRANCH RD SE NEWTONRD OLDHIGHWAY218SCORAL RIDGE AVESHERIDAN AVE 2ND S T ROHRETRDSWBOWERY ST E BURLINGTON ST FRIENDSHIPS T E IOWA AVE CHURCH ST HAWKINSDR S CLINTON STS LINN STSANDRDSEP R AI RI E DUCHIENRD22ND AVEDUBUQUESTNES SCOTT BLVDK IM B A LLRDN 7TH AVEN 1ST AVEMCCOLLISTERBLVD SOUTHGATE AVE 420TH S T S E F50SEROCKYSHOREDRIWV RD SW SRI VERSI DEDRSHARONCENTERRDSWMAIERAVESWLegend Functional Class* Arterial Collector Local/Residential District District A District B District C Municipal Boundary Service Layer Credits: Esri, HERE, Garmin, (c) OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS user community 0 1,750 3,500 Feet 1 inch = 3,500 feet Map 1 Functional ClassificationOverview * Does not include roads not maintained by City of Iowa City, such as State and Federal highways \\hrgreen.com\HRG\Data\2018\181474\GIS\MXD\MapBooks\Mapbook_2019PMP_Report-RightLegend.mxd12THAVEHOLIDAYRD WOOLFAVEMUSCATINE AVE AMERICANLEGIONRDSE1STAVEFRIENDSHIPST E BURLINGTON ST HIGHWAY1WSRI VERSI DEDRMELROSE AVE 420TH STSG I L B E R T S T 5TH ST 2ND S T S 1ST AVECORAL RIDGE AVEW IOWA AVE W PARK RD HIGHWAY 1 NENGOVERNORSTCAMPCARDINALBLVDMORMON TREK BLVDS 7TH AVEKEOKUKSTSYCAMORE STW BENTON ST SHARONCENTERRDSWP R AI RI E D U CHIENRDGRAND AVE H I GH W AY 1 S W LO W E R M U S C A T I N E R D E COURT ST R O C H ES TER A V E R O H R E T R D SUNSET STH I GH L AN D AVE KIRKWOOD AVE SSUMMITSTN SCOTTBLVDHEARTLANDDRRIVER ST HERBERT HOOVER HWY SE E JEFFERSON ST SHERIDAN AVENRIVERSIDEDR SYCAMORE ST SE SANDRDSEOAKCRESTHILLRDSEN D U B U Q U E S T 10TH ST E PARK RD HIG H W A Y 6 EPRAIRIEDUCHIENRDNEE MARKET ST S SCOTT BLVDDUBUQUESTN E LOWER WEST BRANCH RD SE HIG H W A Y 2 1 8 OLDHIGHWAY218SMAIERAVESWROHRETRDSWBOWERY ST NDODGESTE IOWA AVE HAWKINSDR CHURCH ST S LINN STHIGHWAY 6 W HI G H W A Y 6 S E22ND AVE420TH ST SEN1STAVEKIMBALLRDMCCOLLISTERBLVD SOUTHGATE AVEROCKYSHOREDRHIGHWAY 6 E F50SEIWV RD SW Legend Surface Type* ACC COM PCC SEAL Districts District A District B District C Municipal Boundary Map 2Pavement TypesOverview Service Layer Credits: Esri, HERE, Garmin, (c) OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS user community 0 1,750 3,500 Feet 1 inch = 3,500 feet \\hrgreen.com\HRG\Data\2018\181474\GIS\MXD\MapBooks\Mapbook_2019PMP_Report-LeftLegend2.mxdROHRETRDSW R O C H E S T E R A V E SRI VERSIDEDRMELROSE AVE 2ND S T S1STAVEW IOWA AVE MORMON TREK BLVDS 7TH AVEP R AIRIE D U CHIENRDGRAND AVE H I GH W AY 1 S W MELROSE AVE LO W E R M U S C A T I N E R D RO HRE T R D SUNSETSTE COURT ST HIGHLAND AVES GILBERT STE BENTON STKIRKWOOD AVE KEOKUK STRIVERST W PARK RD NRIVERSIDEDRSYCAMORE ST SE SANDRDSEOAKCRESTHILLRDSEE PARK RD1STAV EMU S C A T I N E A V E 10TH ST SYCAMORE STOLDHIGHWAY218SN DODGE STN S C OTT BLVD HAWKINSDR HIGHWAY 6 W N GOVERNORSTM O R M O NTREKBLVD N 1ST AVEKIMBALLRDMCCOLLISTERB L V D SOUTHGATE AVEROCKYSHOREDR HI GHWAY 6E HIGHW A Y 6 E HIGHW AY1SWF50SEHIG H W A Y 2 1 8 IWV RD SW SHARONCENTERRDSW5TH S T W BENTON ST SDODGESTHIGHWAY 1 WS GIL B E R T S T CAMPCARDINALB LV D 12TH AVENDUBUQUESTW ELLI N G T O N DRSLUCAS STFRIENDLY AVE VILLAGERDS JOHNSON STWESTSIDED R GINTER AVE DEE R C R E E K R D FOSTERR D HOLLYWOODBLVD RUPPERT RD N JOHNSON STNDUBUQUERD25THAVEN LUCAS STDUBLINDRSVANBURENSTGALW AYDRG L E N D A L E R D DANE RD SEINDUSTRIALPARKRDTAYLORDRBROADWAYSTDUCKCREEKDR BOYRUMST10TH AVEJAMESST L AN GEN B ER G AVEGREENWOODDRN CLINTON STE 9TH ST SUNDOWN RDGNAPL ESAVE4TH AVEHICKORY TRL S DUBUQUE STWALDENRD PRINCETONRD LAKESIDE DR DEFOREST AVE E BLOOMI NGTON S T 3RD AVETEG D R6TH AVESGOVERNORSTS AND U S K Y DRCLARK STLAKEBEND RDK O S E R AVE DEE R C R E E K R D S E N E W T O N RDMACKINAW DRN U R S E R Y L N S ERENO STL A U R A D R FERSON AVEWOODRI DGEAVEGEORGE STW H I S PERI NG MEADOWDR23RD AVEC AL I F O R N I A AVE BROWN ST RUSSELL DR7THST PHOENIXDR E D AVEN POR T S T OAKLAND AVEFAIRCHILD ST CHARTRESWILDCATLNWAYNE AVE 9 T H S T WILDPRAIRIED R E WASHINGTON STCAMPCARDINALRD OBERLINSTLAKESHORE D R DICKENSON LN19TH AVENSUMMITSTM A N O R DRPADDOCK BLVDWESTGATE ST13TH ST FREUNDRD S E FRIENDSHIP STDOVER STW I N TER EAGLE R D S EN VAN BUREN STWHITING AVE OAKESDR DANE RD SWBROOKS I DE DRWATERFRONTDRH I G H L A N D DR BROOKWOOD DRDEARBORN STTIPPERARYR D PEPPERDR HEINZ RDSHANNON DRD E N B I G H DRFOXANADR RUNDELL STBURNS AVE BRI STOL DR TAFT SPEEDWAY 8TH ST B U R E S HAVEBRADFORD DR WYLDEGREENRDLANDON AVE SWARBORD RGRANT STPLUMST TRACY LN 2ND AVEAMHURSTST HAFORDR RAVEN S T WEEBERSTH ST ASH STFRANKLIN STROCHESTER C T 2 0 T H AVEDAVIS ST8TH AVEPLAENVIEW DRNORMANDYDR9TH AVEPOST RDS CAPITOL STMORNINGSIDE DR14TH AVEE COLLEGE ST I ST WALNUT ST D ST G STCENTER STN LINN STN GI LBERTSTLEH A R V EGOLDENRODDRSLOTHOWER RDNEVADA AVEGILBERT CT13TH AVEACTDRB O R D E A U X SPRING RIDGE DR S A N T A FE DRBAY RIDGE DRBASSWOOD LN11TH AVERIDGERD 7TH AVEMAGOWAN AVELEXINGTON AVEOAKCRES T STNAPLES AVE SW18TH AVEC A MI N O D E L RIOSEKITTY LEE RD SWMAIER AVE SWOSAGE ST SWRYANCT T H O R N DRMALL DREMERALD STRIVERBENDRDSELACINADR SW A C T RD HURT RD SWHARVEST RD SEE IOWA AVE KENNEDY PKWY H A W K E Y E PARK RD WOOLF AVES CLINTON STN7THAVE22ND AVELegend Surface Type* ACC COM PCC SEAL Municipal Boundary Service Layer Credits: Esri, HERE, Garmin, (c) OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS user community 0 1,500 3,000 Feet 1 inch = 3,000 feet Map 3Pavement TypesDistrict A \\hrgreen.com\HRG\Data\2018\181474\GIS\MXD\MapBooks\Mapbook_2019PMP_Report-RightLegend.mxd ROHRET RD WOOLFAVEMUSCATINE AVE AMERICANLEGIONRDSE1STAVESRIVERSIDEDR 420TH ST HERBERT HOOVER HW Y S E S 1ST AVEW IOWA AVE MORMON TREK BLVDS 7TH AVEW BENTON ST P R AIRIE DUCHIENRDMELROSE AVE LO W E R M U S C A T I N E R D 5TH ST SUNSETSTE COURT ST HI GH L AN D AV E H O L I D AY RD E B ENTON S T KIRKWOOD AVE N SCOTTBLVDKEOKUKSTRIVERST R O C H E S T E R A V E W PARK RD NRIVERSIDEDRSYCAMORE ST SE SANDRDSEOAKCRESTHILL RDSEE PARK RD PRAIRIEDUCHIENRDNE420TH ST SES SCOTT BLVDDUBUQUESTNEHI G H W A Y 2 1 8 OLDHIGHWAY218SN DODGE STHERBERT HOOVER HWY NE HAWKINSDR HIGHWAY 6 W HIGHWAY 6 SE N G O V E R N O R STN1STAVEK IM B A LLRDMCCOLLISTERBLVD SOUTHGATE AVEROCKYSHOREDR HIGHWAY6E HIGHW AY1SWF50SEUTAH AVE SEWAPSI AVE SE400TH ST SEHIGHWAY 1 NESYCAMORE STLOWER WEST BRANCH RD SE 2ND ST HIGHWAY 1 WS G I L B E R T S T 420TH ST SE AMERICA N L E G I O N R D S ENDUBUQUESTARLINGTONDRSLUCASSTFRIENDLY AVE M O S S RIDGERD VILLAGERDBROWNDEERRDS JOHNSON STW ES T SI DEDRGINTER AVE FOSTER RD NORTHGATED R HOLLYWOODBLVD RUPPERT RD N JOHNSON STNDUBUQUERDN LUCAS STSVANBURENSTGLENDALE R D DANE RD SETAYLORDRBOYRUMST10TH AVELI NDEMANNDRL AN G E N B ER G AV EGREENWOODDRSDODGESTNAPLESAVE 4TH AVES CLINTON STHICKORY TRL N7THAVES DUBUQUE STPRINCETONR D EROBI LNLAKESIDE DR DEFOREST AVE E BL OOMI NGTON S T MODERN WAY3RD AVETEGDR6TH AVES GOVERNOR STS A N D U S K Y DRCLARK STLAKEBEND RDK OS E R AVEN E WT O N RD 340TH ST NE 7TH ST FERSON AVEWHISPERING MEADOWDRC AL I F OR N I AAVE BROWN ST RUSSELL DRE DAVENPORT S T W E L L I N G TO N DR FAIRCHILD ST CHARTRES AARONDRSEWAYNE AVE DICKENSON LN HUNTINGTONDRMANORDRPADDOCK B LV D NAPLES AVE SWWESTGATE STE WASHINGTON ST FREUNDRD S E F RI E N DS HI P S T DOVER STDANE RD SWW I NTER EAGL E R D S E WHITING AVE OAKESDR H I G H L A N D D R KENNETH DRDEARBORN STHEINZ RDDENBI GHDR L I N D E R R D N E RUNDELL STBURNS AVE T A F T S P E E D W AY B U R ES H AVECHARLESDR BRADFORD DR WYLDEGREENRDPLUMS T 2ND AVEAMHURSTST RIDGEWAY DR ARBORD REVERSULLLNSCOTTP A R K DRWEEBERSTH ST TAFT AVE SE8TH AVEPLAEN VIE W DRNORMANDYD R 9TH AVEPOST RDS CAPITOL STE COLLEGE ST WALNUT ST G ST RONALDS ST N LINN STN GILBERT STLEHARVEGILBERT CTACTDRSPRING RIDGE DR FAIRWAYLNSE KYLEDR NERIDGERD 7TH AVEMAGOWAN AVELEXINGTON AVEO AK C R ES T ST SIOUX AVE SEFAIRVIEWCEMETERYRDNEKITTYLEERDSWWAPSI AVE NEOS AGE S T SW OSAGE ST SE MALL DREMERALD STRIVERBENDRDSENAPOLEON ST SE COMPASS DRUTAH AVE NELA CINA DR SW ACT RD HARVEST RD SEE I OWA AVE Legend Surface Type* ACC COM PCC SEAL Wards District A District B District C Municipal Boundary Service Layer Credits: Esri, HERE, Garmin, (c) OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS user community 0 1,750 3,500 Feet 1 inch = 3,500 feet Map 4Pavement TypesDistrict B \\hrgreen.com\HRG\Data\2018\181474\GIS\MXD\MapBooks\Mapbook_2019PMP_Report-LeftLegend2.mxd MORMON TREK BLVDWOOLF AVE1STAVESYCAMORE STSRI VERSI DEDRS1STAVEW I O W A AVE HOLIDAY RD S 7TH AVE2ND ST W BENTON ST P R AIRIE D UCHIENRDSGRANDAVEM ELR O S E AV E LO W E R M U S C A T I N E R D E COURT ST SUNSETSTHIGHLAND AVES GILBERT STE BENTON ST KIRKWOOD AVE HIG H W A Y 2 1 8 S SUMMIT STDUBUQUESTNEKEOKUK STCLAPP STNRIVERSIDEDRE PARK RD HIGHWAY 6 E PRAIRIEDUCHIENRDNEROCHESTERA VEMU S C A T I N E A V E12THAVE ROHRET RD S 1ST AVE1STAVEE BURLINGTON ST N DODGE STN SCOTTBLVDHAWKINSDR E JEFFERSON ST N DODGE STHIGHWAY6W NGOVERNORSTN1STAVEKIMBALLRDROCKYSHOREDRHIGHWAY 6 EELLIOTTDRND U B U Q U E ST NMORMONTREKBLVD12TH AVE5TH S T FRIENDSHIPS T HIGHWAY1W W PARK RD 10TH ST N EW TO N R D1STAVE MELROSE AVE NDUBUQUESTWESTWINDSDRS LUCAS STFRIENDLY AVES JOHNSON STE 7TH ST WALKERCIR GINTER AVE 1ST S T FOSTERRD ORCHARDSTMILLER AVEHUDSON AVERUSSELL S L A D E B L V D RUPPERT RD N JOHNSON STN DUBUQUE RD N LUCAS STDUBLI NDRSVANBURENSTGALWAYDRKENNEDYPKWYGLENDALERD CHURCH ST BOYRUM STRIDGE STDUCKCREEKDR 10TH AVEGREENWOODDRN CLINTON STWILSONST E 9TH S T SDODGESTBELDON AVEH A W K E Y E CT4TH AVES CLINTON STN7THAVES DUBUQUE STPRINCETONRD DEFOREST AVE MYRTLE AVE E BLOOMINGTON ST GRAND AVE 9THST QUARRY RD3RD AVETEGDR6TH AVES GOVERNOR STGO L F V I E W A V E CLARK STKOSER AVELA U R E N C E CT NEHUGHES STCRESCENT STMACKINAW DRGROVE ST FINKBINECOMMUTERDRS MADISON STRENO STS OUTH RIDGEDRL A U R A D R ABBEY L N FERSON AVEWOODRIDGEAVEGEORGE STL IB E R T Y L N BROWN ST OZARK RDG 7TH ST E D AVEN POR T S T OAKLAND AVEFAIRCHILD ST RUSHMOREDR CONKLIN LNN OR TH RIDGED R6TH AVEBRADFORD DR19TH AVEYEWELL STN SUMMIT STS LINN STMANORD R WESTGATE STWILLIAM STMAIDEN LNWADE STWAYNE AVE5TH AVEWINDSORDRRIVER ST O A K L A WN AVEMACBRIDEDR WHITING AVE O AK C R E S T AVEBROWNDEERRD OAKESD R H I GHL AN D D R BROOKW OOD DRQUINCENTST HICKORY TRL E HARRISON ST DEARBORNSTTIPPERARYRD BST DEVONDRNE S H A N N O N DRDENBIGH DRFOXANADR LINDER RD NE RUNDELLSTDERW ENDR EAL I N G DR WEBSTER STB RI S TOL DR T A F T S P E E D W AYHIGHCOUNTRYRD8TH ST BURESHAVEMAYFIELD RD KESWICK DRS P E N C E R DRWYLDEGREENRDMARCY STGRANT STWINSTONDRBANBURYSTNE MELROSE CTPAGE ST PLUM ST UPLAND AVE6TH ST DEERFIELD D R VALLEYVI EWD R 2ND AVER I DGEWAY DROAKLAKEPARKRD HAFORDR CAE DRESTRON STWEEBERSTJENSEN STKEOKUKC T H ST ASH STFRANKLIN STROCHES TER CT 2 0 T H AVEPINE ST8TH AVECENTER AVENORMANDYDR9TH AVEPOST RDDONEGAL CTS CAPITOL STE2NDAVESTEVENS DR14TH AVEE COLLEGE ST E WASHINGTON ST I ST WALNUT ST MARIETTA AVE D ST A ST F ST G STN VAN BUREN STRONALDS ST RIDER ST CENTER STN CAPITOL STBROADWAY STWOOLRIDGED R 13TH ST LEE STABER AV E5THAVE CEDAR ST GILBERT CT13TH AVEACTDR DEWEYSTIRVINGAV E KYLE D R N E REDTAIL DR11TH AVERI D G E R D 7TH AVEMAGOWAN AVELEXINGTON AVELIMEKILNLNNEOAKCREST STREDOAKDR18TH AVEEVASHEVSKIDR HOTZ AVESUSSEXLN NEWESTVIEWDRPENKRIDGEDR4TH AVEEASTVIEWDREASTMOORDRP E N F R O D R T H O R N D R MOS S RIDGERDMALL DR ACT RDHAWK R ID G E D REMERALD STDOLEN PL E IOWA AVE HAWKEYE PARK RD N LINN STN GILBERT STMACBRIDERDLegend Surface Type* ACC COM PCC SEAL Municipal Boundary Service Layer Credits: Esri, HERE, Garmin, (c) OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS user community 0 1,000 2,000 Feet 1 inch = 2,000 feet Map 5Pavement TypesDistrict C \\hrgreen.com\HRG\Data\2018\181474\GIS\MXD\MapBooks\Mapbook_2019PMP_Report-RightLegend.mxd12THAVEHOLIDAYRD WOOLFAVEMUSCATINE AVE AMERICANLEGIONRDSE1STAVEFRIENDSHIPST E BURLINGTON ST HIGHWAY1WSRI VERSI DEDRMELROSE AVE 420TH STSG I L B E R T S T 5TH ST 2ND S T S 1ST AVECORAL RIDGE AVEW IOWA AVE W PARK RD HIGHWAY 1 NENGOVERNORSTCAMPCARDINALBLVDMORMON TREK BLVDS 7TH AVEKEOKUKSTSYCAMORE STW BENTON ST SHARONCENTERRDSWP R AI RI E D U CHIENRDGRAND AVE H I GH W AY 1 S W LO W E R M U S C A T I N E R D E COURT ST R O C H ES TER A V E R O H R E T R D SUNSET STH I GH L AN D AVE KIRKWOOD AVE SSUMMITSTN SCOTTBLVDHEARTLANDDRRIVER ST HERBERT HOOVER HWY SE E JEFFERSON ST SHERIDAN AVENRIVERSIDEDR SYCAMORE ST SE SANDRDSEOAKCRESTHILLRDSEN D U B U Q U E S T 10TH ST E PARK RD HIG H W A Y 6 EPRAIRIEDUCHIENRDNEE MARKET ST S SCOTT BLVDDUBUQUESTN E LOWER WEST BRANCH RD SE HIG H W A Y 2 1 8 OLDHIGHWAY218SMAIERAVESWROHRETRDSWBOWERY ST NDODGESTE IOWA AVE HAWKINSDR CHURCH ST S LINN STHIGHWAY 6 W HI G H W A Y 6 S E22ND AVE420TH ST SEN1STAVEKIMBALLRDMCCOLLISTERBLVD SOUTHGATE AVEROCKYSHOREDRHIGHWAY 6 E F50SEIWV RD SW Legend Pavement Condition Very Good (CityPCI>80) Good (CityPCI>60) Fair (CityPCI>40 Poor (CityPCI>20) Very Poor (CityPCI<20) Districts District A District B District C Municipal Boundary Map 62019 Arterial/CollectorPavement ConditionOverview Service Layer Credits: Esri, HERE, Garmin, (c) OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS user community 0 1,750 3,500 Feet 1 inch = 3,500 feet \\hrgreen.com\HRG\Data\2018\181474\GIS\MXD\MapBooks\Mapbook_2019PMP_Report-LeftLegend2.mxdROHRETRDSW R O C H E S T E R A V E SRI VERSIDEDRMELROSE AVE 2ND S T S1STAVEW IOWA AVE MORMON TREK BLVDS 7TH AVEP R AIRIE D U CHIENRDGRAND AVE H I GH W AY 1 S W MELROSE AVE LO W E R M U S C A T I N E R D RO HRE T R D SUNSETSTE COURT ST HIGHLAND AVES GILBERT STE BENTON STKIRKWOOD AVE KEOKUK STRIVERST W PARK RD NRIVERSIDEDRSYCAMORE ST SE SANDRDSEOAKCRESTHILLRDSEE PARK RD1STAV EMU S C A T I N E A V E 10TH ST SYCAMORE STOLDHIGHWAY218SN DODGE STN S C OTT BLVD HAWKINSDR HIGHWAY 6 W N GOVERNORSTM O R M O NTREKBLVD N 1ST AVEKIMBALLRDMCCOLLISTERB L V D SOUTHGATE AVEROCKYSHOREDR HI GHWAY 6E HIGHW A Y 6 E HIGHW AY1SWF50SEHIG H W A Y 2 1 8 IWV RD SW SHARONCENTERRDSW5TH S T W BENTON ST SDODGESTHIGHWAY 1 WS GIL B E R T S T CAMPCARDINALB LV D 12TH AVENDUBUQUESTW ELLI N G T O N DRSLUCAS STFRIENDLY AVE VILLAGERDS JOHNSON STWESTSIDED R GINTER AVE DEE R C R E E K R D FOSTERR D HOLLYWOODBLVD RUPPERT RD N JOHNSON STNDUBUQUERD25THAVEN LUCAS STDUBLINDRSVANBURENSTGALW AYDRG L E N D A L E R D DANE RD SEINDUSTRIALPARKRDTAYLORDRBROADWAYSTDUCKCREEKDR BOYRUMST10TH AVEJAMESST L AN GEN B ER G AVEGREENWOODDRN CLINTON STE 9TH ST SUNDOWN RDGNAPL ESAVE4TH AVEHICKORY TRL S DUBUQUE STWALDENRD PRINCETONRD LAKESIDE DR DEFOREST AVE E BLOOMI NGTON S T 3RD AVETEG D R6TH AVESGOVERNORSTS AND U S K Y DRCLARK STLAKEBEND RDK O S E R AVE DEE R C R E E K R D S E N E W T O N RDMACKINAW DRN U R S E R Y L N S ERENO STL A U R A D R FERSON AVEWOODRI DGEAVEGEORGE STW H I S PERI NG MEADOWDR23RD AVEC AL I F O R N I A AVE BROWN ST RUSSELL DR7THST PHOENIXDR E D AVEN POR T S T OAKLAND AVEFAIRCHILD ST CHARTRESWILDCATLNWAYNE AVE 9 T H S T WILDPRAIRIED R E WASHINGTON STCAMPCARDINALRD OBERLINSTLAKESHORE D R DICKENSON LN19TH AVENSUMMITSTM A N O R DRPADDOCK BLVDWESTGATE ST13TH ST FREUNDRD S E FRIENDSHIP STDOVER STW I N TER EAGLE R D S EN VAN BUREN STWHITING AVE OAKESDR DANE RD SWBROOKS I DE DRWATERFRONTDRH I G H L A N D DR BROOKWOOD DRDEARBORN STTIPPERARYR D PEPPERDR HEINZ RDSHANNON DRD E N B I G H DRFOXANADR RUNDELL STBURNS AVE BRI STOL DR TAFT SPEEDWAY 8TH ST B U R E S HAVEBRADFORD DR WYLDEGREENRDLANDON AVE SWARBORD RGRANT STPLUMST TRACY LN 2ND AVEAMHURSTST HAFORDR RAVEN S T WEEBERSTH ST ASH STFRANKLIN STROCHESTER C T 2 0 T H AVEDAVIS ST8TH AVEPLAENVIEW DRNORMANDYDR9TH AVEPOST RDS CAPITOL STMORNINGSIDE DR14TH AVEE COLLEGE ST I ST WALNUT ST D ST G STCENTER STN LINN STN GI LBERTSTLEH A R V EGOLDENRODDRSLOTHOWER RDNEVADA AVEGILBERT CT13TH AVEACTDRB O R D E A U X SPRING RIDGE DR S A N T A FE DRBAY RIDGE DRBASSWOOD LN11TH AVERIDGERD 7TH AVEMAGOWAN AVELEXINGTON AVEOAKCRES T STNAPLES AVE SW18TH AVEC A MI N O D E L RIOSEKITTY LEE RD SWMAIER AVE SWOSAGE ST SWRYANCT T H O R N DRMALL DREMERALD STRIVERBENDRDSELACINADR SW A C T RD HURT RD SWHARVEST RD SEE IOWA AVE KENNEDY PKWY H A W K E Y E PARK RD WOOLF AVES CLINTON STN7THAVE22ND AVELegend Pavement Condition Very Good (CityPCI>80) Good (CityPCI>60) Fair (CityPCI>40 Poor (CityPCI>20) Very Poor (CityPCI<20) Municipal Boundary Service Layer Credits: Esri, HERE, Garmin, (c) OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS user community 0 1,500 3,000 Feet 1 inch = 3,000 feet Map 72019 Arterial/Collector Pavement ConditionDistrict A \\hrgreen.com\HRG\Data\2018\181474\GIS\MXD\MapBooks\Mapbook_2019PMP_Report-RightLegend.mxd ROHRET RD WOOLFAVEMUSCATINE AVE AMERICANLEGIONRDSE1STAVESRIVERSIDEDR 420TH ST HERBERT HOOVER HW Y S E S 1ST AVEW IOWA AVE MORMON TREK BLVDS 7TH AVEW BENTON ST P R AIRIE DUCHIENRDMELROSE AVE LO W E R M U S C A T I N E R D 5TH ST SUNSETSTE COURT ST HI GH L AN D AV E H O L I D AY RD E B ENTON S T KIRKWOOD AVE N SCOTTBLVDKEOKUKSTRIVERST R O C H E S T E R A V E W PARK RD NRIVERSIDEDRSYCAMORE ST SE SANDRDSEOAKCRESTHILL RDSEE PARK RD PRAIRIEDUCHIENRDNE420TH ST SES SCOTT BLVDDUBUQUESTNEHI G H W A Y 2 1 8 OLDHIGHWAY218SN DODGE STHERBERT HOOVER HWY NE HAWKINSDR HIGHWAY 6 W HIGHWAY 6 SE N G O V E R N O R STN1STAVEK IM B A LLRDMCCOLLISTERBLVD SOUTHGATE AVEROCKYSHOREDR HIGHWAY6E HIGHW AY1SWF50SEUTAH AVE SEWAPSI AVE SE400TH ST SEHIGHWAY 1 NESYCAMORE STLOWER WEST BRANCH RD SE 2ND ST HIGHWAY 1 WS G I L B E R T S T 420TH ST SE AMERICA N L E G I O N R D S ENDUBUQUESTARLINGTONDRSLUCASSTFRIENDLY AVE M O S S RIDGERD VILLAGERDBROWNDEERRDS JOHNSON STW ES T SI DEDRGINTER AVE FOSTER RD NORTHGATED R HOLLYWOODBLVD RUPPERT RD N JOHNSON STNDUBUQUERDN LUCAS STSVANBURENSTGLENDALE R D DANE RD SETAYLORDRBOYRUMST10TH AVELI NDEMANNDRL AN G E N B ER G AV EGREENWOODDRSDODGESTNAPLESAVE 4TH AVES CLINTON STHICKORY TRL N7THAVES DUBUQUE STPRINCETONR D EROBI LNLAKESIDE DR DEFOREST AVE E BL OOMI NGTON S T MODERN WAY3RD AVETEGDR6TH AVES GOVERNOR STS A N D U S K Y DRCLARK STLAKEBEND RDK OS E R AVEN E WT O N RD 340TH ST NE 7TH ST FERSON AVEWHISPERING MEADOWDRC AL I F OR N I AAVE BROWN ST RUSSELL DRE DAVENPORT S T W E L L I N G TO N DR FAIRCHILD ST CHARTRES AARONDRSEWAYNE AVE DICKENSON LN HUNTINGTONDRMANORDRPADDOCK B LV D NAPLES AVE SWWESTGATE STE WASHINGTON ST FREUNDRD S E F RI E N DS HI P S T DOVER STDANE RD SWW I NTER EAGL E R D S E WHITING AVE OAKESDR H I G H L A N D D R KENNETH DRDEARBORN STHEINZ RDDENBI GHDR L I N D E R R D N E RUNDELL STBURNS AVE T A F T S P E E D W AY B U R ES H AVECHARLESDR BRADFORD DR WYLDEGREENRDPLUMS T 2ND AVEAMHURSTST RIDGEWAY DR ARBORD REVERSULLLNSCOTTP A R K DRWEEBERSTH ST TAFT AVE SE8TH AVEPLAEN VIE W DRNORMANDYD R 9TH AVEPOST RDS CAPITOL STE COLLEGE ST WALNUT ST G ST RONALDS ST N LINN STN GILBERT STLEHARVEGILBERT CTACTDRSPRING RIDGE DR FAIRWAYLNSE KYLEDR NERIDGERD 7TH AVEMAGOWAN AVELEXINGTON AVEO AK C R ES T ST SIOUX AVE SEFAIRVIEWCEMETERYRDNEKITTYLEERDSWWAPSI AVE NEOS AGE S T SW OSAGE ST SE MALL DREMERALD STRIVERBENDRDSENAPOLEON ST SE COMPASS DRUTAH AVE NELA CINA DR SW ACT RD HARVEST RD SEE I OWA AVE Legend Pavement Condition Very Good (CityPCI>80) Good (CityPCI>60) Fair (CityPCI>40 Poor (CityPCI>20) Very Poor (CityPCI<20) Wards District A District B District C Municipal Boundary Service Layer Credits: Esri, HERE, Garmin, (c) OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS user community 0 1,750 3,500 Feet 1 inch = 3,500 feet Map 82019 Arterial/Collector Pavement ConditionDistrict B 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STDUBLI NDRSVANBURENSTGALWAYDRKENNEDYPKWYGLENDALERD CHURCH ST BOYRUM STRIDGE STDUCKCREEKDR 10TH AVEGREENWOODDRN CLINTON STWILSONST E 9TH S T SDODGESTBELDON AVEH A W K E Y E CT4TH AVES CLINTON STN7THAVES DUBUQUE STPRINCETONRD DEFOREST AVE MYRTLE AVE E BLOOMINGTON ST GRAND AVE 9THST QUARRY RD3RD AVETEGDR6TH AVES GOVERNOR STGO L F V I E W A V E CLARK STKOSER AVELA U R E N C E CT NEHUGHES STCRESCENT STMACKINAW DRGROVE ST FINKBINECOMMUTERDRS MADISON STRENO STS OUTH RIDGEDRL A U R A D R ABBEY L N FERSON AVEWOODRIDGEAVEGEORGE STL IB E R T Y L N BROWN ST OZARK RDG 7TH ST E D AVEN POR T S T OAKLAND AVEFAIRCHILD ST RUSHMOREDR CONKLIN LNN OR TH RIDGED R6TH AVEBRADFORD DR19TH AVEYEWELL STN SUMMIT STS LINN STMANORD R WESTGATE STWILLIAM STMAIDEN LNWADE STWAYNE AVE5TH AVEWINDSORDRRIVER ST O A K L A WN AVEMACBRIDEDR WHITING AVE O AK C R E S T AVEBROWNDEERRD OAKESD R H I GHL AN D D R BROOKW OOD DRQUINCENTST HICKORY TRL E HARRISON ST DEARBORNSTTIPPERARYRD BST DEVONDRNE S H A N N O N DRDENBIGH DRFOXANADR LINDER RD NE RUNDELLSTDERW ENDR EAL I N G DR WEBSTER STB RI S TOL DR T A F T S P E E D W AYHIGHCOUNTRYRD8TH ST BURESHAVEMAYFIELD RD KESWICK DRS P E N C E R DRWYLDEGREENRDMARCY STGRANT STWINSTONDRBANBURYSTNE MELROSE CTPAGE ST PLUM ST UPLAND AVE6TH ST DEERFIELD D R VALLEYVI EWD R 2ND AVER I DGEWAY DROAKLAKEPARKRD HAFORDR CAE DRESTRON STWEEBERSTJENSEN STKEOKUKC T H ST ASH STFRANKLIN STROCHES TER CT 2 0 T H AVEPINE ST8TH AVECENTER AVENORMANDYDR9TH AVEPOST RDDONEGAL CTS CAPITOL STE2NDAVESTEVENS DR14TH AVEE COLLEGE ST E WASHINGTON ST I ST WALNUT ST MARIETTA AVE D ST A ST F ST G STN VAN BUREN STRONALDS ST RIDER ST CENTER STN CAPITOL STBROADWAY STWOOLRIDGED R 13TH ST LEE STABER AV E5THAVE CEDAR ST GILBERT CT13TH AVEACTDR DEWEYSTIRVINGAV E KYLE D R N E REDTAIL DR11TH AVERI D G E R D 7TH AVEMAGOWAN AVELEXINGTON AVELIMEKILNLNNEOAKCREST STREDOAKDR18TH AVEEVASHEVSKIDR HOTZ AVESUSSEXLN NEWESTVIEWDRPENKRIDGEDR4TH AVEEASTVIEWDREASTMOORDRP E N F R O D R T H O R N D R MOS S RIDGERDMALL DR ACT RDHAWK R ID G E D REMERALD STDOLEN PL E IOWA AVE HAWKEYE PARK RD N LINN STN GILBERT STMACBRIDERDLegend Pavement Condition Very Good (CityPCI>80) Good (CityPCI>60) Fair (CityPCI>40 Poor (CityPCI>20) Very Poor (CityPCI<20) Municipal Boundary Service Layer Credits: Esri, HERE, Garmin, (c) OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS user community 0 1,000 2,000 Feet 1 inch = 2,000 feet Map 92019 Arterial/Collector Pavement ConditionDistrict C \\hrgreen.com\HRG\Data\2018\181474\GIS\MXD\MapBooks\Mapbook_2019PMP_Report-RightLegend.mxd12THAVEHOLIDAYRD WOOLFAVEMUSCATINE AVE AMERICANLEGIONRDSE1STAVEFRIENDSHIPST E BURLINGTON ST HIGHWAY1WSRI VERSI DEDRMELROSE AVE 420TH STSG I L B E R T S T 5TH ST 2ND S T S 1ST AVECORAL RIDGE AVEW IOWA AVE W PARK RD HIGHWAY 1 NENGOVERNORSTCAMPCARDINALBLVDMORMON TREK BLVDS 7TH AVEKEOKUKSTSYCAMORE STW BENTON ST SHARONCENTERRDSWP R AI RI E D U CHIENRDGRAND AVE H I GH W AY 1 S W LO W E R M U S C A T I N E R D E COURT ST R O C H ES TER A V E R O H R E T R D SUNSET STH I GH L AN D AVE KIRKWOOD AVE SSUMMITSTN SCOTTBLVDHEARTLANDDRRIVER ST HERBERT HOOVER HWY SE E JEFFERSON ST SHERIDAN AVENRIVERSIDEDR SYCAMORE ST SE SANDRDSEOAKCRESTHILLRDSEN D U B U Q U E S T 10TH ST E PARK RD HIG H W A Y 6 EPRAIRIEDUCHIENRDNEE MARKET ST S SCOTT BLVDDUBUQUESTN E LOWER WEST BRANCH RD SE HIG H W A Y 2 1 8 OLDHIGHWAY218SMAIERAVESWROHRETRDSWBOWERY ST NDODGESTE IOWA AVE HAWKINSDR CHURCH ST S LINN STHIGHWAY 6 W HI G H W A Y 6 S E22ND AVE420TH ST SEN1STAVEKIMBALLRDMCCOLLISTERBLVD SOUTHGATE AVEROCKYSHOREDRHIGHWAY 6 E F50SEIWV RD SW Legend Pavement Condition Very Good (CityPCI>80) Good (CityPCI>60) Fair (CityPCI>40 Poor (CityPCI>20) Very Poor (CityPCI<20) Districts District A District B District C Municipal Boundary Map 102019 Local/ResidentialPavement ConditionOverview Service Layer Credits: Esri, HERE, Garmin, (c) OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS user community 0 1,750 3,500 Feet 1 inch = 3,500 feet \\hrgreen.com\HRG\Data\2018\181474\GIS\MXD\MapBooks\Mapbook_2019PMP_Report-LeftLegend2.mxdROHRETRDSW R O C H E S T E R A V E SRI VERSIDEDRMELROSE AVE 2ND S T S1STAVEW IOWA AVE MORMON TREK BLVDS 7TH AVEP R AIRIE D U CHIENRDGRAND AVE H I GH W AY 1 S W MELROSE AVE LO W E R M U S C A T I N E R D RO HRE T R D SUNSETSTE COURT ST HIGHLAND AVES GILBERT STE BENTON STKIRKWOOD AVE KEOKUK STRIVERST W PARK RD NRIVERSIDEDRSYCAMORE ST SE SANDRDSEOAKCRESTHILLRDSEE PARK RD1STAV EMU S C A T I N E A V E 10TH ST SYCAMORE STOLDHIGHWAY218SN DODGE STN S C OTT BLVD HAWKINSDR HIGHWAY 6 W N GOVERNORSTM O R M O NTREKBLVD N 1ST AVEKIMBALLRDMCCOLLISTERB L V D SOUTHGATE AVEROCKYSHOREDR HI GHWAY 6E HIGHW A Y 6 E HIGHW AY1SWF50SEHIG H W A Y 2 1 8 IWV RD SW SHARONCENTERRDSW5TH S T W BENTON ST SDODGESTHIGHWAY 1 WS GIL B E R T S T CAMPCARDINALB LV D 12TH AVENDUBUQUESTW ELLI N G T O N DRSLUCAS STFRIENDLY AVE VILLAGERDS JOHNSON STWESTSIDED R GINTER AVE DEE R C R E E K R D FOSTERR D HOLLYWOODBLVD RUPPERT RD N JOHNSON STNDUBUQUERD25THAVEN LUCAS STDUBLINDRSVANBURENSTGALW AYDRG L E N D A L E R D DANE RD SEINDUSTRIALPARKRDTAYLORDRBROADWAYSTDUCKCREEKDR BOYRUMST10TH AVEJAMESST L AN GEN B ER G AVEGREENWOODDRN CLINTON STE 9TH ST SUNDOWN RDGNAPL ESAVE4TH AVEHICKORY TRL S DUBUQUE STWALDENRD PRINCETONRD LAKESIDE DR DEFOREST AVE E BLOOMI NGTON S T 3RD AVETEG D R6TH AVESGOVERNORSTS AND U S K Y DRCLARK STLAKEBEND RDK O S E R AVE DEE R C R E E K R D S E N E W T O N RDMACKINAW DRN U R S E R Y L N S ERENO STL A U R A D R FERSON AVEWOODRI DGEAVEGEORGE STW H I S PERI NG MEADOWDR23RD AVEC AL I F O R N I A AVE BROWN ST RUSSELL DR7THST PHOENIXDR E D AVEN POR T S T OAKLAND AVEFAIRCHILD ST CHARTRESWILDCATLNWAYNE AVE 9 T H S T WILDPRAIRIED R E WASHINGTON STCAMPCARDINALRD OBERLINSTLAKESHORE D R DICKENSON LN19TH AVENSUMMITSTM A N O R DRPADDOCK BLVDWESTGATE ST13TH ST FREUNDRD S E FRIENDSHIP STDOVER STW I N TER EAGLE R D S EN VAN BUREN STWHITING AVE OAKESDR DANE RD SWBROOKS I DE DRWATERFRONTDRH I G H L A N D DR BROOKWOOD DRDEARBORN STTIPPERARYR D PEPPERDR HEINZ RDSHANNON DRD E N B I G H DRFOXANADR RUNDELL STBURNS AVE BRI STOL DR TAFT SPEEDWAY 8TH ST B U R E S HAVEBRADFORD DR WYLDEGREENRDLANDON AVE SWARBORD RGRANT STPLUMST TRACY LN 2ND AVEAMHURSTST HAFORDR RAVEN S T WEEBERSTH ST ASH STFRANKLIN STROCHESTER C T 2 0 T H AVEDAVIS ST8TH AVEPLAENVIEW DRNORMANDYDR9TH AVEPOST RDS CAPITOL STMORNINGSIDE DR14TH AVEE COLLEGE ST I ST WALNUT ST D ST G STCENTER STN LINN STN GI LBERTSTLEH A R V EGOLDENRODDRSLOTHOWER RDNEVADA AVEGILBERT CT13TH AVEACTDRB O R D E A U X SPRING RIDGE DR S A N T A FE DRBAY RIDGE DRBASSWOOD LN11TH AVERIDGERD 7TH AVEMAGOWAN AVELEXINGTON AVEOAKCRES T STNAPLES AVE SW18TH AVEC A MI N O D E L RIOSEKITTY LEE RD SWMAIER AVE SWOSAGE ST SWRYANCT T H O R N DRMALL DREMERALD STRIVERBENDRDSELACINADR SW A C T RD HURT RD SWHARVEST RD SEE IOWA AVE KENNEDY PKWY H A W K E Y E PARK RD WOOLF AVES CLINTON STN7THAVE22ND AVELegend Pavement Condition Very Good (CityPCI>80) Good (CityPCI>60) Fair (CityPCI>40 Poor (CityPCI>20) Very Poor (CityPCI<20) Municipal Boundary Service Layer Credits: Esri, HERE, Garmin, (c) OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS user community 0 1,500 3,000 Feet 1 inch = 3,000 feet Map 112019 Local/ResidentialPavement ConditionDistrict A \\hrgreen.com\HRG\Data\2018\181474\GIS\MXD\MapBooks\Mapbook_2019PMP_Report-RightLegend.mxd ROHRET RD WOOLFAVEMUSCATINE AVE AMERICANLEGIONRDSE1STAVESRIVERSIDEDR 420TH ST HERBERT HOOVER HW Y S E S 1ST AVEW IOWA AVE MORMON TREK BLVDS 7TH AVEW BENTON ST P R AIRIE DUCHIENRDMELROSE AVE LO W E R M U S C A T I N E R D 5TH ST SUNSETSTE COURT ST HI GH L AN D AV E H O L I D AY RD E B ENTON S T KIRKWOOD AVE N SCOTTBLVDKEOKUKSTRIVERST R O C H E S T E R A V E W PARK RD NRIVERSIDEDRSYCAMORE ST SE SANDRDSEOAKCRESTHILL RDSEE PARK RD PRAIRIEDUCHIENRDNE420TH ST SES SCOTT BLVDDUBUQUESTNEHI G H W A Y 2 1 8 OLDHIGHWAY218SN DODGE STHERBERT HOOVER HWY NE HAWKINSDR HIGHWAY 6 W HIGHWAY 6 SE N G O V E R N O R STN1STAVEK IM B A LLRDMCCOLLISTERBLVD SOUTHGATE AVEROCKYSHOREDR HIGHWAY6E HIGHW AY1SWF50SEUTAH AVE SEWAPSI AVE SE400TH ST SEHIGHWAY 1 NESYCAMORE STLOWER WEST BRANCH RD SE 2ND ST HIGHWAY 1 WS G I L B E R T S T 420TH ST SE AMERICA N L E G I O N R D S ENDUBUQUESTARLINGTONDRSLUCASSTFRIENDLY AVE M O S S RIDGERD VILLAGERDBROWNDEERRDS JOHNSON STW ES T SI DEDRGINTER AVE FOSTER RD NORTHGATED R HOLLYWOODBLVD RUPPERT RD N JOHNSON STNDUBUQUERDN LUCAS STSVANBURENSTGLENDALE R D DANE RD SETAYLORDRBOYRUMST10TH AVELI NDEMANNDRL AN G E N B ER G AV EGREENWOODDRSDODGESTNAPLESAVE 4TH AVES CLINTON STHICKORY TRL N7THAVES DUBUQUE STPRINCETONR D EROBI LNLAKESIDE DR DEFOREST AVE E BL OOMI NGTON S T MODERN WAY3RD AVETEGDR6TH AVES GOVERNOR STS A N D U S K Y DRCLARK STLAKEBEND RDK OS E R AVEN E WT O N RD 340TH ST NE 7TH ST FERSON AVEWHISPERING MEADOWDRC AL I F OR N I AAVE BROWN ST RUSSELL DRE DAVENPORT S T W E L L I N G TO N DR FAIRCHILD ST CHARTRES AARONDRSEWAYNE AVE DICKENSON LN HUNTINGTONDRMANORDRPADDOCK B LV D NAPLES AVE SWWESTGATE STE WASHINGTON ST FREUNDRD S E F RI E N DS HI P S T DOVER STDANE RD SWW I NTER EAGL E R D S E WHITING AVE OAKESDR H I G H L A N D D R KENNETH DRDEARBORN STHEINZ RDDENBI GHDR L I N D E R R D N E RUNDELL STBURNS AVE T A F T S P E E D W AY B U R ES H AVECHARLESDR BRADFORD DR WYLDEGREENRDPLUMS T 2ND AVEAMHURSTST RIDGEWAY DR ARBORD REVERSULLLNSCOTTP A R K DRWEEBERSTH ST TAFT AVE SE8TH AVEPLAEN VIE W DRNORMANDYD R 9TH AVEPOST RDS CAPITOL STE COLLEGE ST WALNUT ST G ST RONALDS ST N LINN STN GILBERT STLEHARVEGILBERT CTACTDRSPRING RIDGE DR FAIRWAYLNSE KYLEDR NERIDGERD 7TH AVEMAGOWAN AVELEXINGTON AVEO AK C R ES T ST SIOUX AVE SEFAIRVIEWCEMETERYRDNEKITTYLEERDSWWAPSI AVE NEOS AGE S T SW OSAGE ST SE MALL DREMERALD STRIVERBENDRDSENAPOLEON ST SE COMPASS DRUTAH AVE NELA CINA DR SW ACT RD HARVEST RD SEE I OWA AVE Pavement Condition Very Good (CityPCI>80) Good (CityPCI>60) Fair (CityPCI>40 Poor (CityPCI>20) Very Poor (CityPCI<20) Wards District A District B District C Municipal Boundary Service Layer Credits: Esri, HERE, Garmin, (c) OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS user community 0 1,750 3,500 Feet 1 inch = 3,500 feet Map 122019 Local/ResidentialPavement ConditionDistrict B \\hrgreen.com\HRG\Data\2018\181474\GIS\MXD\MapBooks\Mapbook_2019PMP_Report-LeftLegend2.mxd MORMON TREK BLVDWOOLF AVE1STAVESYCAMORE STSRI VERSI DEDRS1STAVEW I O W A AVE HOLIDAY RD S 7TH AVE2ND ST W BENTON ST P R AIRIE D UCHIENRDSGRANDAVEM ELR O S E AV E LO W E R M U S C A T I N E R D E COURT ST SUNSETSTHIGHLAND AVES GILBERT STE BENTON ST KIRKWOOD AVE HIG H W A Y 2 1 8 S SUMMIT STDUBUQUESTNEKEOKUK STCLAPP STNRIVERSIDEDRE PARK RD HIGHWAY 6 E PRAIRIEDUCHIENRDNEROCHESTERA VEMU S C A T I N E A V E12THAVE ROHRET RD S 1ST AVE1STAVEE BURLINGTON ST N DODGE STN SCOTTBLVDHAWKINSDR E JEFFERSON ST N DODGE STHIGHWAY6W NGOVERNORSTN1STAVEKIMBALLRDROCKYSHOREDRHIGHWAY 6 EELLIOTTDRND U B U Q U E ST NMORMONTREKBLVD12TH AVE5TH S T FRIENDSHIPS T HIGHWAY1W W PARK RD 10TH ST N EW TO N R D1STAVE MELROSE AVE NDUBUQUESTWESTWINDSDRS LUCAS STFRIENDLY AVES JOHNSON STE 7TH ST WALKERCIR GINTER AVE 1ST S T FOSTERRD ORCHARDSTMILLER AVEHUDSON AVERUSSELL S L A D E B L V D RUPPERT RD N JOHNSON STN DUBUQUE RD N LUCAS STDUBLI NDRSVANBURENSTGALWAYDRKENNEDYPKWYGLENDALERD CHURCH ST BOYRUM STRIDGE STDUCKCREEKDR 10TH AVEGREENWOODDRN CLINTON STWILSONST E 9TH S T SDODGESTBELDON AVEH A W K E Y E CT4TH AVES CLINTON STN7THAVES DUBUQUE STPRINCETONRD DEFOREST AVE MYRTLE AVE E BLOOMINGTON ST GRAND AVE 9THST QUARRY RD3RD AVETEGDR6TH AVES GOVERNOR STGO L F V I E W A V E CLARK STKOSER AVELA U R E N C E CT NEHUGHES STCRESCENT STMACKINAW DRGROVE ST FINKBINECOMMUTERDRS MADISON STRENO STS OUTH RIDGEDRL A U R A D R ABBEY L N FERSON AVEWOODRIDGEAVEGEORGE STL IB E R T Y L N BROWN ST OZARK RDG 7TH ST E D AVEN POR T S T OAKLAND AVEFAIRCHILD ST RUSHMOREDR CONKLIN LNN OR TH RIDGED R6TH AVEBRADFORD DR19TH AVEYEWELL STN SUMMIT STS LINN STMANORD R WESTGATE STWILLIAM STMAIDEN LNWADE STWAYNE AVE5TH AVEWINDSORDRRIVER ST O A K L A WN AVEMACBRIDEDR WHITING AVE O AK C R E S T AVEBROWNDEERRD OAKESD R H I GHL AN D D R BROOKW OOD DRQUINCENTST HICKORY TRL E HARRISON ST DEARBORNSTTIPPERARYRD BST DEVONDRNE S H A N N O N DRDENBIGH DRFOXANADR LINDER RD NE RUNDELLSTDERW ENDR EAL I N G DR WEBSTER STB RI S TOL DR T A F T S P E E D W AYHIGHCOUNTRYRD8TH ST BURESHAVEMAYFIELD RD KESWICK DRS P E N C E R DRWYLDEGREENRDMARCY STGRANT STWINSTONDRBANBURYSTNE MELROSE CTPAGE ST PLUM ST UPLAND AVE6TH ST DEERFIELD D R VALLEYVI EWD R 2ND AVER I DGEWAY DROAKLAKEPARKRD HAFORDR CAE DRESTRON STWEEBERSTJENSEN STKEOKUKC T H ST ASH STFRANKLIN STROCHES TER CT 2 0 T H AVEPINE ST8TH AVECENTER AVENORMANDYDR9TH AVEPOST RDDONEGAL CTS CAPITOL STE2NDAVESTEVENS DR14TH AVEE COLLEGE ST E WASHINGTON ST I ST WALNUT ST MARIETTA AVE D ST A ST F ST G STN VAN BUREN STRONALDS ST RIDER ST CENTER STN CAPITOL STBROADWAY STWOOLRIDGED R 13TH ST LEE STABER AV E5THAVE CEDAR ST GILBERT CT13TH AVEACTDR DEWEYSTIRVINGAV E KYLE D R N E REDTAIL DR11TH AVERI D G E R D 7TH AVEMAGOWAN AVELEXINGTON AVELIMEKILNLNNEOAKCREST STREDOAKDR18TH AVEEVASHEVSKIDR HOTZ AVESUSSEXLN NEWESTVIEWDRPENKRIDGEDR4TH AVEEASTVIEWDREASTMOORDRP E N F R O D R T H O R N D R MOS S RIDGERDMALL DR ACT RDHAWK R ID G E D REMERALD STDOLEN PL E IOWA AVE HAWKEYE PARK RD N LINN STN GILBERT STMACBRIDERDLegend Pavement Condition Very Good (CityPCI>80) Good (CityPCI>60) Fair (CityPCI>40 Poor (CityPCI>20) Very Poor (CityPCI<20) Municipal Boundary Service Layer Credits: Esri, HERE, Garmin, (c) OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS user community 0 1,000 2,000 Feet 1 inch = 2,000 feet Map 132019 Local/ResidentialPavement ConditionDistrict C \\hrgreen.com\HRG\Data\2018\181474\GIS\MXD\MapBooks\Mapbook_2019PMP_Report-RightLegend.mxd12THAVEHOLIDAYRD WOOLFAVEMUSCATINE AVE AMERICANLEGIONRDSE1STAVEFRIENDSHIPST E BURLINGTON ST HIGHWAY1WSRI VERSI DEDRMELROSE AVE 420TH STSG I L B E R T S T 5TH ST 2ND S T S 1ST AVECORAL RIDGE AVEW IOWA AVE W PARK RD HIGHWAY 1 NENGOVERNORSTCAMPCARDINALBLVDMORMON TREK BLVDS 7TH AVEKEOKUKSTSYCAMORE STW BENTON ST SHARONCENTERRDSWP R AI RI E D U CHIENRDGRAND AVE H I GH W AY 1 S W LO W E R M U S C A T I N E R D E COURT ST R O C H ES TER A V E R O H R E T R D SUNSET STH I GH L AN D AVE KIRKWOOD AVE SSUMMITSTN SCOTTBLVDHEARTLANDDRRIVER ST HERBERT HOOVER HWY SE E JEFFERSON ST SHERIDAN AVENRIVERSIDEDR SYCAMORE ST SE SANDRDSEOAKCRESTHILLRDSEN D U B U Q U E S T 10TH ST E PARK RD HIG H W A Y 6 EPRAIRIEDUCHIENRDNEE MARKET ST S SCOTT BLVDDUBUQUESTN E LOWER WEST BRANCH RD SE HIG H W A Y 2 1 8 OLDHIGHWAY218SMAIERAVESWROHRETRDSWBOWERY ST NDODGESTE IOWA AVE HAWKINSDR CHURCH ST S LINN STHIGHWAY 6 W HI G H W A Y 6 S E22ND AVE420TH ST SEN1STAVEKIMBALLRDMCCOLLISTERBLVD SOUTHGATE AVEROCKYSHOREDRHIGHWAY 6 E F50SEIWV RD SW Legend Deterioration Rate (PCI Drop) Stable (0-2) Slow (2-5) Normal (5-10) Fast (10-15) Extreme (>15) Districts District A District B District C Municipal Boundary Map 14Rate of PavementDeterioration (2015-2019)Overview Service Layer Credits: Esri, HERE, Garmin, (c) OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS user community 0 1,750 3,500 Feet 1 inch = 3,500 feet \\hrgreen.com\HRG\Data\2018\181474\GIS\MXD\MapBooks\Mapbook_2019PMP_Report-LeftLegend2.mxdROHRETRDSW R O C H E S T E R A V E SRI VERSIDEDRMELROSE AVE 2ND S T S1STAVEW IOWA AVE MORMON TREK BLVDS 7TH AVEP R AIRIE D U CHIENRDGRAND AVE H I GH W AY 1 S W MELROSE AVE LO W E R M U S C A T I N E R D RO HRE T R D SUNSETSTE COURT ST HIGHLAND AVES GILBERT STE BENTON STKIRKWOOD AVE KEOKUK STRIVERST W PARK RD NRIVERSIDEDRSYCAMORE ST SE SANDRDSEOAKCRESTHILLRDSEE PARK RD1STAV EMU S C A T I N E A V E 10TH ST SYCAMORE STOLDHIGHWAY218SN DODGE STN S C OTT BLVD HAWKINSDR HIGHWAY 6 W N GOVERNORSTM O R M O NTREKBLVD N 1ST AVEKIMBALLRDMCCOLLISTERB L V D SOUTHGATE AVEROCKYSHOREDR HI GHWAY 6E HIGHW A Y 6 E HIGHW AY1SWF50SEHIG H W A Y 2 1 8 IWV RD SW SHARONCENTERRDSW5TH S T W BENTON ST SDODGESTHIGHWAY 1 WS GIL B E R T S T CAMPCARDINALB LV D 12TH AVENDUBUQUESTW ELLI N G T O N DRSLUCAS STFRIENDLY AVE VILLAGERDS JOHNSON STWESTSIDED R GINTER AVE DEE R C R E E K R D FOSTERR D HOLLYWOODBLVD RUPPERT RD N JOHNSON STNDUBUQUERD25THAVEN LUCAS STDUBLINDRSVANBURENSTGALW AYDRG L E N D A L E R D DANE RD SEINDUSTRIALPARKRDTAYLORDRBROADWAYSTDUCKCREEKDR BOYRUMST10TH AVEJAMESST L AN GEN B ER G AVEGREENWOODDRN CLINTON STE 9TH ST SUNDOWN RDGNAPL ESAVE4TH AVEHICKORY TRL S DUBUQUE STWALDENRD PRINCETONRD LAKESIDE DR DEFOREST AVE E BLOOMI NGTON S T 3RD AVETEG D R6TH AVESGOVERNORSTS AND U S K Y DRCLARK STLAKEBEND RDK O S E R AVE DEE R C R E E K R D S E N E W T O N RDMACKINAW DRN U R S E R Y L N S ERENO STL A U R A D R FERSON AVEWOODRI DGEAVEGEORGE STW H I S PERI NG MEADOWDR23RD AVEC AL I F O R N I A AVE BROWN ST RUSSELL DR7THST PHOENIXDR E D AVEN POR T S T OAKLAND AVEFAIRCHILD ST CHARTRESWILDCATLNWAYNE AVE 9 T H S T WILDPRAIRIED R E WASHINGTON STCAMPCARDINALRD OBERLINSTLAKESHORE D R DICKENSON LN19TH AVENSUMMITSTM A N O R DRPADDOCK BLVDWESTGATE ST13TH ST FREUNDRD S E FRIENDSHIP STDOVER STW I N TER EAGLE R D S EN VAN BUREN STWHITING AVE OAKESDR DANE RD SWBROOKS I DE DRWATERFRONTDRH I G H L A N D DR BROOKWOOD DRDEARBORN STTIPPERARYR D PEPPERDR HEINZ RDSHANNON DRD E N B I G H DRFOXANADR RUNDELL STBURNS AVE BRI STOL DR TAFT SPEEDWAY 8TH ST B U R E S HAVEBRADFORD DR WYLDEGREENRDLANDON AVE SWARBORD RGRANT STPLUMST TRACY LN 2ND AVEAMHURSTST HAFORDR RAVEN S T WEEBERSTH ST ASH STFRANKLIN STROCHESTER C T 2 0 T H AVEDAVIS ST8TH AVEPLAENVIEW DRNORMANDYDR9TH AVEPOST RDS CAPITOL STMORNINGSIDE DR14TH AVEE COLLEGE ST I ST WALNUT ST D ST G STCENTER STN LINN STN GI LBERTSTLEH A R V EGOLDENRODDRSLOTHOWER RDNEVADA AVEGILBERT CT13TH AVEACTDRB O R D E A U X SPRING RIDGE DR S A N T A FE DRBAY RIDGE DRBASSWOOD LN11TH AVERIDGERD 7TH AVEMAGOWAN AVELEXINGTON AVEOAKCRES T STNAPLES AVE SW18TH AVEC A MI N O D E L RIOSEKITTY LEE RD SWMAIER AVE SWOSAGE ST SWRYANCT T H O R N DRMALL DREMERALD STRIVERBENDRDSELACINADR SW A C T RD HURT RD SWHARVEST RD SEE IOWA AVE KENNEDY PKWY H A W K E Y E PARK RD WOOLF AVES CLINTON STN7THAVE22ND AVELegend Deterioration Rate (PCI Drop) Stable (0-2) Slow (2-5) Normal (5-10) Fast (10-15) Extreme (>15) Municipal Boundary Municipal Boundary Service Layer Credits: Esri, HERE, Garmin, (c) OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS user community 0 1,500 3,000 Feet 1 inch = 3,000 feet Map 15Rate of PavementDeterioration (2015-2019)District A \\hrgreen.com\HRG\Data\2018\181474\GIS\MXD\MapBooks\Mapbook_2019PMP_Report-RightLegend.mxd ROHRET RD WOOLFAVEMUSCATINE AVE AMERICANLEGIONRDSE1STAVESRIVERSIDEDR 420TH ST HERBERT HOOVER HW Y S E S 1ST AVEW IOWA AVE MORMON TREK BLVDS 7TH AVEW BENTON ST P R AIRIE DUCHIENRDMELROSE AVE LO W E R M U S C A T I N E R D 5TH ST SUNSETSTE COURT ST HI GH L AN D AV E H O L I D AY RD E B ENTON S T KIRKWOOD AVE N SCOTTBLVDKEOKUKSTRIVERST R O C H E S T E R A V E W PARK RD NRIVERSIDEDRSYCAMORE ST SE SANDRDSEOAKCRESTHILL RDSEE PARK RD PRAIRIEDUCHIENRDNE420TH ST SES SCOTT BLVDDUBUQUESTNEHI G H W A Y 2 1 8 OLDHIGHWAY218SN DODGE STHERBERT HOOVER HWY NE HAWKINSDR HIGHWAY 6 W HIGHWAY 6 SE N G O V E R N O R STN1STAVEK IM B A LLRDMCCOLLISTERBLVD SOUTHGATE AVEROCKYSHOREDR HIGHWAY6E HIGHW AY1SWF50SEUTAH AVE SEWAPSI AVE SE400TH ST SEHIGHWAY 1 NESYCAMORE STLOWER WEST BRANCH RD SE 2ND ST HIGHWAY 1 WS G I L B E R T S T 420TH ST SE AMERICA N L E G I O N R D S ENDUBUQUESTARLINGTONDRSLUCASSTFRIENDLY AVE M O S S RIDGERD VILLAGERDBROWNDEERRDS JOHNSON STW ES T SI DEDRGINTER AVE FOSTER RD NORTHGATED R HOLLYWOODBLVD RUPPERT RD N JOHNSON STNDUBUQUERDN LUCAS STSVANBURENSTGLENDALE R D DANE RD SETAYLORDRBOYRUMST10TH AVELI NDEMANNDRL AN G E N B ER G AV EGREENWOODDRSDODGESTNAPLESAVE 4TH AVES CLINTON STHICKORY TRL N7THAVES DUBUQUE STPRINCETONR D EROBI LNLAKESIDE DR DEFOREST AVE E BL OOMI NGTON S T MODERN WAY3RD AVETEGDR6TH AVES GOVERNOR STS A N D U S K Y DRCLARK STLAKEBEND RDK OS E R AVEN E WT O N RD 340TH ST NE 7TH ST FERSON AVEWHISPERING MEADOWDRC AL I F OR N I AAVE BROWN ST RUSSELL DRE DAVENPORT S T W E L L I N G TO N DR FAIRCHILD ST CHARTRES AARONDRSEWAYNE AVE DICKENSON LN HUNTINGTONDRMANORDRPADDOCK B LV D NAPLES AVE SWWESTGATE STE WASHINGTON ST FREUNDRD S E F RI E N DS HI P S T DOVER STDANE RD SWW I NTER EAGL E R D S E WHITING AVE OAKESDR H I G H L A N D D R KENNETH DRDEARBORN STHEINZ RDDENBI GHDR L I N D E R R D N E RUNDELL STBURNS AVE T A F T S P E E D W AY B U R ES H AVECHARLESDR BRADFORD DR WYLDEGREENRDPLUMS T 2ND AVEAMHURSTST RIDGEWAY DR ARBORD REVERSULLLNSCOTTP A R K DRWEEBERSTH ST TAFT AVE SE8TH AVEPLAEN VIE W DRNORMANDYD R 9TH AVEPOST RDS CAPITOL STE COLLEGE ST WALNUT ST G ST RONALDS ST N LINN STN GILBERT STLEHARVEGILBERT CTACTDRSPRING RIDGE DR FAIRWAYLNSE KYLEDR NERIDGERD 7TH AVEMAGOWAN AVELEXINGTON AVEO AK C R ES T ST SIOUX AVE SEFAIRVIEWCEMETERYRDNEKITTYLEERDSWWAPSI AVE NEOS AGE S T SW OSAGE ST SE MALL DREMERALD STRIVERBENDRDSENAPOLEON ST SE COMPASS DRUTAH AVE NELA CINA DR SW ACT RD HARVEST RD SEE I OWA AVE Legend Deterioration Rate (PCI Drop) Stable (0-2) Slow (2-5) Normal (5-10) Fast (10-15) Extreme (>15) Wards District A District B District C Municipal Boundary Municipal Boundary Service Layer Credits: Esri, HERE, Garmin, (c) OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS user community 0 1,750 3,500 Feet 1 inch = 3,500 feet Map 16Rate of PavementDeterioration (2015-2019)District B \\hrgreen.com\HRG\Data\2018\181474\GIS\MXD\MapBooks\Mapbook_2019PMP_Report-LeftLegend2.mxd MORMON TREK BLVDWOOLF AVE1STAVESYCAMORE STSRI VERSI DEDRS1STAVEW I O W A AVE HOLIDAY RD S 7TH AVE2ND ST W BENTON ST P R AIRIE D UCHIENRDSGRANDAVEM ELR O S E AV E LO W E R M U S C A T I N E R D E COURT ST SUNSETSTHIGHLAND AVES GILBERT STE BENTON ST KIRKWOOD AVE HIG H W A Y 2 1 8 S SUMMIT STDUBUQUESTNEKEOKUK STCLAPP STNRIVERSIDEDRE PARK RD HIGHWAY 6 E PRAIRIEDUCHIENRDNEROCHESTERA VEMU S C A T I N E A V E12THAVE ROHRET RD S 1ST AVE1STAVEE BURLINGTON ST N DODGE STN SCOTTBLVDHAWKINSDR E JEFFERSON ST N DODGE STHIGHWAY6W NGOVERNORSTN1STAVEKIMBALLRDROCKYSHOREDRHIGHWAY 6 EELLIOTTDRND U B U Q U E ST NMORMONTREKBLVD12TH AVE5TH S T FRIENDSHIPS T HIGHWAY1W W PARK RD 10TH ST N EW TO N R D1STAVE MELROSE AVE NDUBUQUESTWESTWINDSDRS LUCAS STFRIENDLY AVES JOHNSON STE 7TH ST WALKERCIR GINTER AVE 1ST S T FOSTERRD ORCHARDSTMILLER AVEHUDSON AVERUSSELL S L A D E B L V D RUPPERT RD N JOHNSON STN DUBUQUE RD N LUCAS STDUBLI NDRSVANBURENSTGALWAYDRKENNEDYPKWYGLENDALERD CHURCH ST BOYRUM STRIDGE STDUCKCREEKDR 10TH AVEGREENWOODDRN CLINTON STWILSONST E 9TH S T SDODGESTBELDON AVEH A W K E Y E CT4TH AVES CLINTON STN7THAVES DUBUQUE STPRINCETONRD DEFOREST AVE MYRTLE AVE E BLOOMINGTON ST GRAND AVE 9THST QUARRY RD3RD AVETEGDR6TH AVES GOVERNOR STGO L F V I E W A V E CLARK STKOSER AVELA U R E N C E CT NEHUGHES STCRESCENT STMACKINAW DRGROVE ST FINKBINECOMMUTERDRS MADISON STRENO STS OUTH RIDGEDRL A U R A D R ABBEY L N FERSON AVEWOODRIDGEAVEGEORGE STL IB E R T Y L N BROWN ST OZARK RDG 7TH ST E D AVEN POR T S T OAKLAND AVEFAIRCHILD ST RUSHMOREDR CONKLIN LNN OR TH RIDGED R6TH AVEBRADFORD DR19TH AVEYEWELL STN SUMMIT STS LINN STMANORD R WESTGATE STWILLIAM STMAIDEN LNWADE STWAYNE AVE5TH AVEWINDSORDRRIVER ST O A K L A WN AVEMACBRIDEDR WHITING AVE O AK C R E S T AVEBROWNDEERRD OAKESD R H I GHL AN D D R BROOKW OOD DRQUINCENTST HICKORY TRL E HARRISON ST DEARBORNSTTIPPERARYRD BST DEVONDRNE S H A N N O N DRDENBIGH DRFOXANADR LINDER RD NE RUNDELLSTDERW ENDR EAL I N G DR WEBSTER STB RI S TOL DR T A F T S P E E D W AYHIGHCOUNTRYRD8TH ST BURESHAVEMAYFIELD RD KESWICK DRS P E N C E R DRWYLDEGREENRDMARCY STGRANT STWINSTONDRBANBURYSTNE MELROSE CTPAGE ST PLUM ST UPLAND AVE6TH ST DEERFIELD D R VALLEYVI EWD R 2ND AVER I DGEWAY DROAKLAKEPARKRD HAFORDR CAE DRESTRON STWEEBERSTJENSEN STKEOKUKC T H ST ASH STFRANKLIN STROCHES TER CT 2 0 T H AVEPINE ST8TH AVECENTER AVENORMANDYDR9TH AVEPOST RDDONEGAL CTS CAPITOL STE2NDAVESTEVENS DR14TH AVEE COLLEGE ST E WASHINGTON ST I ST WALNUT ST MARIETTA AVE D ST A ST F ST G STN VAN BUREN STRONALDS ST RIDER ST CENTER STN CAPITOL STBROADWAY STWOOLRIDGED R 13TH ST LEE STABER AV E5THAVE CEDAR ST GILBERT CT13TH AVEACTDR DEWEYSTIRVINGAV E KYLE D R N E REDTAIL DR11TH AVERI D G E R D 7TH AVEMAGOWAN AVELEXINGTON AVELIMEKILNLNNEOAKCREST STREDOAKDR18TH AVEEVASHEVSKIDR HOTZ AVESUSSEXLN NEWESTVIEWDRPENKRIDGEDR4TH AVEEASTVIEWDREASTMOORDRP E N F R O D R T H O R N D R MOS S RIDGERDMALL DR ACT RDHAWK R ID G E D REMERALD STDOLEN PL E IOWA AVE HAWKEYE PARK RD N LINN STN GILBERT STMACBRIDERDLegend Deterioration Rate (PCI Drop) Stable (0-2) Slow (2-5) Normal (5-10) Fast (10-15) Extreme (>15) Municipal Boundary Municipal Boundary Service Layer Credits: Esri, HERE, Garmin, (c) OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS user community 0 1,000 2,000 Feet 1 inch = 2,000 feet Map 17Rate of PavementDeterioration (2015-2019)District C \\hrgreen.com\HRG\Data\2018\181474\GIS\MXD\MapBooks\Mapbook_2019PMP_Report-RightLegend.mxdROHRETRDSW ROCHESTER A V E SRI VERSIDEDRMELROSE AVE 2ND S T S 1ST AVEH I GH W AY 1 S W ROHRET RD NRIVERSIDEDRSYCAMORE ST SE SANDRDSEOAKCRESTHILLRDSEE PARK RD1STAVE SG IL B E R T S T 10TH ST N DODGE STN S C OTT BLVD HAWKINSDR M O R M O NTREKBLVD MCCOLLISTER B L V DHIGHWAY1SW F50SEHI G H W A Y 2 1 8 IWV RD SW SHARONCENTERRDSW5TH S T NDUBUQUESTHIGHWAY 1 W12TH AVEDEE R C R E E K R D25THAVE DANE RD SE10TH AVEJAMESST E 9TH ST SUNDOWN RDGNAPL ESAVEHICKORY TRL T E G DR6TH AVELAKEBEND RDK O S E R AVE DEE R C R E E K R D S E N U R S E R Y L N S E23RD AVE7THST CHARTRES 9 T H S T CAMPCARDINALRDLAKESHORE D R 19TH AVEPADDOCK BLVD 13TH ST FREUNDRD S E FRIENDSHIP STW I N TER EAGLE R D S E WHITING AVE DANE RD SWH I G H L A N D DR HEINZRDB RI S TOL DR TAFTS P E E D W A Y 8TH ST LANDON AVE SW2 0 T H AVE8TH AVE9TH AVE14TH AVEI ST LEH A R V ESLOTHOWER RD13TH AVEACTDRB O R D E A U X SPRING RIDGE DR BAY RIDGE DRBASSWOOD LN11TH AVE7TH AVENAPLES AVE SW18TH AVEC A MI N O D E L RIOSEKITTY LEE RD SWMAIER AVE SWOSAGE ST SWRYANCT T H O R N DRMALL DR RIVERBENDRDSELACINADR SW A C T RD HURT RD SWHARVEST RD SEKENNEDY PKWY H A W K E Y E PARK RD22ND AVELegend Alligator Cracking Alligator Cracking High Alligator Severe Alligator Pavement Failure (sf) 10 100 "Bad" Patching (sf) 10 1,000 Joint Deterioration Joint Deterioration Pavement Roughness (in/mi) Moderately Rough Rough Severely Rough Wards District A District B District C Municipal Boundary Municipal Boundary 0 1,500 3,000 Feet 1 inch = 3,000 feet Map 182017 Pavement DistressesDistrict A \\hrgreen.com\HRG\Data\2018\181474\GIS\MXD\MapBooks\Mapbook_2019PMP_Report-LeftLegend2.mxd ROHRET RD AMERICANLEGIONRDSE1STAVESRIVERSIDEDR 420TH ST HERBER T HOOVER HW Y S E M O R M O N TR E K BLVD 5TH ST H O L I D AY RD NSCOTTBLVDSYCAMORE ST SE SANDRDSEOAKCRESTHILL RDSEE PARK RD PRAIRIEDUCHIENRDNESSCOTTBLVDDUBUQUESTNESGIL B E R T S T HIGHW A Y 6 E HI G H W A Y 2 1 8 N DODGE STHERBERT HOOVER HWY NE HIGHWAY 6 SE MCCOLLISTER BL V DHIGHWAY1SW F50SEUTAH AVE SEWAPSI AVE SE400TH ST SEHIGHWAY 1 NELOWER WEST BRANCH RD SE 2ND ST HIGHWAY 1 W420TH ST SE AMERICA N L E G I O N R D S E M O S S RIDGERDBROWNDEERRD NORTHGATEDR RUPPERT RD DANE RD SEBOYRUMST10TH AVENAPLESAVE HICKORY TR L EROBI LNMODERN WAY6TH AVECLARK STLAKEBEND RDK OS E R AVE340TH ST NE 7TH ST CHARTRES AARONDRSEPADDOCK B LV D NAPLES AVE SWFREUNDRD S E DANE RD SWW I NTER EAGL E R D S E WHITING AVE H I G H L A N D D R HEINZRDL I N D E R R D N E TAFTSP E E DW A Y BRADFORD DR TAFT AVE SE8TH AVE9TH AVELEHARVEACTDRSPRING RIDGE DR FAIRWAYLNSE KYLEDR NE7TH AVESIOUX AVE SEFAIRVIEWCEMETERYRDNEKITTYLEERDSWWAPSI AVE NEOS AGE S T SW OSAGE ST SE RIVERBENDRDSENAPOLEON ST SE COMPASS DRUTAH AVE NELA CINA DR SW ACT RD HARVEST RD SELegend Alligator Cracking Alligator Cracking High Alligator Severe Alligator Pavement Failure (sf) 10 100 "Bad" Patching (sf) 10 1,000 Joint Deterioration Joint Deterioration Pavement Roughness (in/mi) Moderately Rough Rough Severely Rough Wards District District B District C Municipal Boundary Municipal Boundary 0 1,750 3,500 Feet 1 inch = 3,500 feet Map 192017 Pavement DistressesDistrict B \\hrgreen.com\HRG\Data\2018\181474\GIS\MXD\MapBooks\Mapbook_2019PMP_Report-RightLegend.mxd1STAVE SRI VERSI DEDRS 1ST AVEW I O W A AVE HOLIDAY RD 2ND ST W BENTON ST M ELR O S E AV E LO W E R M U S C A T I N E R DSUNSET STHIG H W A Y 2 1 8 DUBUQUESTNENRIVERSIDEDRE PARK RD HIGHWAY 6 E PRAIRIEDUCHIENRDNE12THAVEROHRET RD 1STAVEN DODGE STHAWKINSDR HIGHWAY 6 W K IM B A L L RDROCKYSHOREDRND U B U Q U E ST NMORM ONTREKBLVD12TH AVE5TH S T HIGHWAY1W 10TH ST S LINN STNGOVERNORST1STAVENDUBUQUESTWESTWINDSDRS LUCAS STE 7TH ST 1ST S T FOSTER RD MILLER AVEHUDSON AVERUSSELL S L A D E B L V D RUPPERT RD N DUBUQUERD DUBLI NDRDUCKCREEKDR 10TH AVEGREENWOODDRE 9TH S T H A W K E Y E CTS CLINTON STN7THAVEMYRTLE AVE GRAND AVE 9THST QUARRY RDTEGDR6TH AVES GOVERNOR STGO L F V I E W A V E LA U R E N C E CT NENEWT ONR DHUGHES STRENO STS OUTH RIDGEDRFERSON AVEL IB E R T Y L N BROWN ST OZARK RDG 7TH ST CONKLIN LNN OR TH RIDGED R19TH AVEWADE STRIVERST O A K L A W N AVEMACBRIDEDR WHITING AVE OA KCRE ST AVEBROWNDEERRDHI GHL AND D R B ST DEVONDRNE S H A N N O N DRFOXANAD R LINDER RD NE EAL I N G DR TAFTS P E E D W AYHIGHCOUNTRYRD8TH ST KESWICKDRBANBURYSTN E PAGE ST PLUMST 6TH STVALLEYVIEWD R 2ND AVEOAKLAKEPARKRDCAE DRJENSEN ST2 0 T H AVE8TH AVE9TH AVEPOST RDE2NDAVE14TH AVEI ST MARIETTA AVE A ST F ST G ST RIDER STWOOLRIDGEDR 13TH ST ABER AVE5THAVE CEDAR ST13TH AVEACTDR KYLE D R N E REDTAIL DR11TH AVERI D G E R D 7TH AVELIMEKILNLNNEREDOAKDR18TH AVEHOTZ AVESUSSEXLNN EWESTVIEWDR4TH AVEEASTVIEWDRT H O R N D R MOS S RIDGERDMALL DR ACT RDHAWK R ID G E D R HAWKEYE PARK RD Legend Alligator Cracking Alligator Cracking High Alligator Severe Alligator Pavement Failure (sf) 10 100 "Bad" Patching (sf) 10 1,000 Joint Deterioration Joint Deterioration Pavement Roughness (in/mi) Moderately Rough Rough Severely Rough Wards District A District B District C Municipal Boundary Municipal Boundary 0 1,000 2,000 Feet 1 inch = 2,000 feet Map 202017 Pavement DistressesDistrict C Page 43 of 64 City of Iowa City | Pavement Management Program | FY 2020-2024 Prepared by 4.6. Historical Funding & Expenditures Iowa City receives a stable amount of Road-Use Tax (RUT) funds from the state every year. These RUT represent the most consistent expenditures on roadway improvements, particularly rehabilitation projects, because these funds are restricted in their uses. Annual RUT revenues range from $2 to $2.5 Million. RUT, however, are not the only funds available to be used for roadway improvements in Iowa City. Over the past 5 years a variety of funding sources have been used to fund capital improvement projects such as roadway improvements and maintaining other public infrastructure. Not all of these revenues can go towards roadway improvements, however. Table 15: List of Common Capital Improvement Funding Sources Roadway Eligible Funding Sources Other CIP Funding Sources Federal Grants Utility Franchise Tax General Fund Wastewater Fund General Obligation Bonds (GOB) Water Fund Local Option Sales Tax (LOST) Contributions & Donations Other Local Governments Landfill Fund Other State Grants Park Dedication Fees Road Use Tax Fund (RUT) Storm Water Fund Tax Increment Financing (TIF) The City uses a fair amount of General Obligation Bonds to finance CIP projects, and make up the largest share of available revenue. While functional, this money is still a form of debt financing requiring the City to pay back the bonds, over time. Since the money is not “free,” other sources would be preferable, but few can provide stable receipts of the magnitude the City requires for its CIP programs. As such, this form of finance is not unusual for an agency like Iowa City. Information from the City finance Department indicate that revenues may be growing, but it is also highly variable. This often happens when a City needs to save up for particularly large projects or because they needed to debt-finance unanticipated ones. Most agencies would prefer a steady, sole-source, revenue stream but that is not feasible in many cities. Readers may notice a large spike of revenue in 2017 when looking at Figure 47 and a corresponding spike of expenditures in Figure 48. This is a result of the Dubuque Street Reconstruction Project. It was an unusual and unique circumstance, so 2017 was ignored when analyzing the City’s financial needs. Disregarding the spike, the City’s average revenues include an average of $11.3 Million Dollars in addition to RUT funds and is projected to increase by an average of $980,000 per year. Unfortunately, that increase is based primarily on expectations of grant funding, which is dependent on outside agencies and comes with additional costs and regulations attached to it. It is also driven by the fact the Dubuque Street Project absorbed a large amount of funding from 2015-2018 that would otherwise have been available for roadway improvements. If that project were considered, the analysis would actually show the funding trends going down. One of the difficulties in assessing city finances is that funding sources like these are fungible. Many property- tax based sources, like GO Bonds and General Funds, can be spent on all sorts of things. The tradeoff is limited funding forces different infrastructure types and public services to compete. Dedicated revenue streams like Utility Franchise taxes can therefore free up money for roads in an indirect manner; by reducing demand for the flexible funds. This creates complicated interdependencies within the City’s finances. If one revenue type goes up, it might reduce the need for other types, increasing the available funding in different department, or it could reduce the future need for debt-financing. One revenue source absent from the city’s finances is a Local Option Sales Tax or LOST. Currently, Iowa City does not levy any sales tax in addition to the state sales taxes. Other cities, like Des Moines, Waterloo, and Cedar Rapids, rely heavily on sales tax revenues instead of using GO Bonds or uses LOST in addition to bonds, where LOST revenue is insufficient. It can provide a long-term stable funding base that organically grows with the community’s needs. The impact of various funding solutions and alternatives, such as implementing a LOST can be found in Section 5.5 Funding starting on page 49. Figure 47: Historical and Projected Roadway-Eligible Revenues by Source This figure taken from the City Finance Department’s projections shows the distribution and variability of various funding sources for the 2015-2024 period. Figure 48: Historical and Projected Roadway-Expenditures by Type This figure taken from the City Finance Department’s projections shows the distribution and variability of various transportation project expenditures for the 2015-2024 period. $- $5,000,000.00 $10,000,000.00 $15,000,000.00 $20,000,000.00 $25,000,000.00 $30,000,000.00 $35,000,000.00 $40,000,000.00 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 ROAD USE TAX FUND GENERAL OBLIGATION BONDS FEDERAL GRANTS OTHER STATE GRANTS GENERAL FUND OTHER LOCAL GOVERNMENTS TAX INCREMENT FINANCING LOCAL OPTION SALES TAX $- $5,000,000.00 $10,000,000.00 $15,000,000.00 $20,000,000.00 $25,000,000.00 $30,000,000.00 $35,000,000.00 $40,000,000.00 $45,000,000.00 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Other Major Roadway Improvements (Gateway Project, Extensions, Grade Separations) Misc. Transportation Improvements (Sidewalks, Bridges, Signals, Lane Conversions, Bike Facilities…etc) Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Total Page 44 of 64 City of Iowa City | Pavement Management Program | FY 2020-2024 Prepared by 4.7. Existing Operations Historical pavement condition data show that Iowa City pavements are performing well, compared to their peers. The City has been doing well to take action on deteriorated streets using some pavement management techniques. However, a review of the processes used to determine which projects are selected when and the types of work performed do have room for minor improvements. 4.7.1. Project Selection Prior to 2019, pavement condition data and GIS were already being used by City staff to review the roadway rehabilitation needs within Iowa City. They also used a basic model built in the outdated dTIMS v8.1 software. City staff then manually reviewed the results of the dTIMS model, and the results were compared with field- knowledge and other outside decision-making criteria. The methods by which the results of the dTIMS model were reviewed and developed into the official programmed list of projects was not well documented, nor were the criteria used in developing the model itself. It is recommended that the City implement a more regimented, repeatable, and well documented approach be used in the future. The proposed improvements are already outlined in Section 3: Methodology starting on page 8. The largest change being the move to dTIMS Business Analytics and changes to the treatment alternatives criteria. Enacting regimented and well-documented process will ensure that human error and subjectivity is minimized so that the public can be assured their tax dollars are being spent in an optimal fashion, and it is not driven by personal preference or political intent. It will also allow the city to continue using the dTIMS BA model effectively to generate a CIP program in the future, even if staff or leadership changes occur, in the future. Other pavement preservation projects are also occurring in Iowa City, separate to the Capital Improvement Program. These activities, primarily crack sealing, patching, and concrete panel replacement performed by the City Maintenance Department are not driven by the computer model or documented within GIS for easy spatial record-keeping. This is somewhat expected, as roadway conditions are highly variable and even the most complicated pavement deterioration models have difficulty predicting preservation needs. The key then is providing City Maintenance staff with a list of roads where condition data indicates that they might be good preservation candidates. Maintenance staff will then review the IPMP data and use field-visits to assess which roads actually need to be addressed in a timely fashion. They would then coordinate with other departments to determine if other work is needed in the area so they can be done at the same time. Lastly, once the work is complete it should be recorded and preferably entered into GIS for easy referencing and record-keeping. Thus far, the budget for these preventative treatments has been doing well at addressing issues proactively, but previous HRG studies have shown the ideal preventative maintenance to be around 5%-10% of the total budget or based on a 3-5 year cycle of addressing every street, if possible. For Iowa City that means investing between $650,000-$1,000,000 per year on sealing, patching, and panel replacement in addition to the regular CIP projects. 4.8. Treatment Type Selection The types of treatments Iowa City uses to rehabilitate pavements already cover a wide cross-section of needs. They use full-depth replacement and SUDAS standards when reconstructing roadways and use HMA overlays that are later milled off and re-overlaid for rehabilitation purposes. Some PCC Restoration also happens alongside other maintenance activities. These types of treatments should make up the core of any city’s pavement management program. In that regard, Iowa City is doing very well. Although the aforementioned treatment types are sufficient for most purposes, that does not mean that they would not benefit from additional options to me more flexible and to address certain types of distresses more cost-efficiently. Some Minor Rehabilitation options, such as Microsurfacing, have been shown to be very cost-effective and allow cities to improve or preserve pavements at risk of falling out of “Good” condition. A list of recommended treatments, their uses, and considerations are found in Section 3.5 Treatment Alternatives starting on page 13. Another improvement would be to use a systematic approach to narrow the treatment alternatives considered for each project. dTIMS BA as a modelling software is limited to the information collected by IPMP and the intelligence of its programming. It will not be able to determine the perfect treatment with 100% accuracy. What it is good at, however, is assessing the severity of need and assigning estimated costs. In that way it can help identify critical projects and budget accordingly. In doing so, it also categorizes the type of treatment and budget, with those parameters it can be much easier to assess a project. If dTIMS says that a project is ripe for Major Rehabilitation and it has HMA surfacing already on it, that narrows the options significantly for the City to consider when planning for the project. Page 45 of 64 City of Iowa City | Pavement Management Program | FY 2020-2024 Prepared by Scenarios/Recommendations In order to create recommendations on spending strategies and setting performance goals, a number of budget-based scenarios were created. These scenarios were designed to address “what-if?” type questions. Each scenario used a set budget and projected the effects on the overall condition of the network. The projections were performed using Deighton Limited’s dTIMS BA, for a 15-year period, from 2020 to 2035. Once all of the data was processed, it was put into a dTIMS model to develop long term performance projections and to run a number of scenarios to determine optimal budgeting and assess the impact of using the recommended standards herein. 5.1. Modelling dTIMS BA (Deighton’s Total Infrastructure Asset Management Software – Business Analytics) is a computer program developed by Deighton Associates Limited for use in storing infrastructure asset data, developing projections of infrastructure asset performance, estimating remaining life in various infrastructure assets, determining when they need to be replaced or repaired, and estimating how much the treatment will cost. It allows for any and all asset data to be entered, there is no limit to what information can be stored within the program and considered during the modelling process. However, the user must manually program how all of the data relates to each other, assign costs, develop the treatment triggers and effects, create funding pools that each treatment will pull from, and develop their own life-cycle curves for the infrastructure assets. Once this is accomplished, dTIMS’ primary feature goes to work; it runs a heuristic algorithm (a series of tests using general rules and guessing approaches for determining optimal solutions) to identify an optimal “Strategy” for maintenance and replacement of the infrastructure assets in question, given the budget, treatments, and life-cycle constraints supplied by the user. Some manipulation through GIS was required to combine the IPMP data with outside data sources from the City and State before it could be imported into dTIMS. After the data were compiled in GIS, it was imported to dTIMS and the models were run. 5.2. Determining Need 5.2.1. Defining Need The first step in running various scenarios in dTIMS BA is to determine the “Need.” Need is defined as all outstanding work and forthcoming work in the analysis period. Some agencies may consider this a “Backlog” projection. Essentially, dTIMS BA analyzes the current conditions and creates condition projections for every management section in the database, after which it chooses the default treatment alternative for each segment, in every year, regardless of budget. This acts as a baseline scenario which could be considered as a Pavement Management Program operating at 100% efficiency with complete funding. 5.2.2. Needs in Iowa City Using the pavement condition data collected by Pathways and distributed by IPMP, dTIMS BA analyzed the existing conditions of the roadway network in Iowa City, and an overall Need was determined. The current Need for pavement repairs, the total cost to address every single roadway distress in the City , bring ing the network to “Very Good” condition , is approximate ly $189 Million. That Need is projected to grow to $472 Million by 20 3 5 . Current Need (2019) = $189 Million Projected Need by 2035 = $472 Million Figure 49: Projected “Need” This figure displays the existing funding required to bring every pavement up to “Very Good” condition, i.e. “Need” as well as its projected Growth over the next 15 Years. 5.3. Scenarios In order to address the existing backlog (Need), the City will need to commit a substantial amount of funding to improve, and possibly just to maintain its roadways. A number of budget options were tested, as to determine a theoretical budget for the City of Iowa City Fiscally Constrained, or Budget-based Scenarios take a fixed annual budget and attempt to optimize pavement management spending, on major treatments (see Table 3 on page 16). The funding comparisons keep all of the proposed work within the assigned budget, while maximizing the “Benefit” provided to the public. Benefit was determined as the difference between the conditions of the road network if nothing was done and the selected treatment effect (measured by difference in CityPCI scores). This method is standard practice when determining optimal treatments. The model used in this plan also factored in the amount of traffic (based on annual average daily traffic or AADT) on the affected roads. The final result represents both the number of people who will receive the benefit of driving on a newly reconstructed road and the magnitude/duration of the improvement. With these constraints of maximizing benefits while adhering to a strict budget the program determined how the overall condition of Iowa City would perform over a 15-year period. Figure 50: What The Benefits Calculation Looks Like The red line is the “base-line” scenario, the green area is the “Benefit” the public experiences, calculated as the difference between the base-line and the new improved condition, factored by the number of people who drive on that road (Annual average daily traffic, AADT) $0M $50M $100M $150M $200M $250M $300M $350M 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030PCIBenefits Example Do Nothing Treatment Change in PCI over time X AADT CityPCI Page 46 of 64 City of Iowa City | Pavement Management Program | FY 2020-2024 Prepared by dTIMS BA checks each individual roadway segment to see if it triggers a specific treatment type, then calculates the “Benefit” of performing that treatment. Afterwards dTIMS BA will then compare each treatment option and determine the one that gives the best ratio of benefit to cost. It then goes out further and sees if any treatments would trigger in future years that would give better benefit-cost returns (such as waiting to reconstruct a pavement rather than overlaying it). After comparing all of the initial treatment selections across all of the years, the program also considers subsequent treatments and their effects. Complex dTIMS models might look at dozens of treatments in sequence before picking the best choices, these are called “treatment strategies”. Figure 51: Example of a Treatment Strategy Executed by dTIMS. The blue line is the effect, pink is what would happen if nothing was done. The jaggedness is from regular maintenance activities, the first peak is a PCC restoration, the seco nd is a crack and seat overlay, the jump in 2072 is a reconstruction, and the final peak is another PCC restoration. Of course, the best choice of treatment may not always be the one that can be afforded within the City’s budget. The program then ranks each treatment strategy based on their benefit-cost ratio and picks those that it can afford, deferring those it can’t, and occasionally picking less optimal treatments because it would allow the program to use more of its budget in a timely manner. The funding scenarios were designed to deliver results that enable changes to the existing pavement management program in Iowa City. Hypothetical questions were asked at a high level and the dTIMS BA model was adjusted to address those “what-if” scenarios. The results were then interpreted to clarify what the model outputs truly means. The funding scenarios performed looked at following questions: ➢ How does the system perform if funding stays the same? ➢ What happens if the City does nothing? ➢ What happens if we increase funding? ➢ What happens if the City enacts a half-cent LOST? ➢ What happens if the City enacts a one-cent LOST? ➢ How much money to maintain a network average PCI of 70? ➢ What is the proper distribution of funds across Reconstruction/ Rehabilitation/ Restoration? 5.4. Results 5.4.1. Budget Projections The City of Iowa City is currently in “Good” condition and it is easier to maintain a network than it is to improve a network. As such, the City is well positioned to keep operations going on a limited budget while still providing high quality infrastructure. Since 2015, the City has spent approximately $2 Million to $2.5 Million per year on Reconstruction and Rehabilitation (overlays) treatments, primarily funded through Road-Use Tax funds (RUT). In addition to RUT, between $1.6 Million and $7.7 Million was spent each year on large CIP projects. The base budget scenario for this analysis was set as $2.5 Million and any additional monies were analyzed as part of the various alternatives. The effects of this can be seen in Figure 53 on page 47 as well as Figure 54 on page 48. The base budget is identified by the black line. The projections show that conditions are projected to decline steadily, continuing the current trend of approximately 1 PCI point per year. This is most likely due to the large volume of “Fair” pavement surfaces in the 10 to 30-years old range that will need addressing in a short period of time, as well as the general effects of inflation. As such, a reduced budget will likely not be feasible. Model results showed that dropping below $2 Million per year of funding for capital improvements would cause the overall condition in the City to begin an even steeper decline. The “Do Nothing” scenario option illustrates the value of pavement maintenance. Without consistent work, network condition would nearly drop out of “Good” in around 15 years. It also shows the general deterioration trends the City can expect. The graphs show that pavement deterioration, in Iowa City is fairly constant, and not accelerating. This means that an increase to the overall budget would likely be effective at addressing the Needs and no further funding changes or large bonding measures are needed to “catch up.” As for increasing the budget, options were explored ranging from $2- Million/year all the way up to $13-Million annual funding, with half- million dollar intervals. Figure 53 on page 47 shows only the scenarios based on $2-Million increments. The results show that substantial improvements are possible in just the first 3 years of increased budget. It takes an additional $2 Million per year just to slow a network PCI drop by 1 point by 2025, each additional $2-Million slows the decline nearly an equivalent amount. Looking slightly further out reveals that the steadily growing need and increasing construction costs, based on inflation, still make it difficult to stop the network-level condition from declining overall. Only the $13 Million/year scenario was able to hold steady with the current PCI and Backlog; every budget below that point ended up dropping below 60/100 by 2033 and budgets less than $4 Million/year dropped below 50/100 in the same time-frame. Figure 52: Projected Condition distribution (Base Budget- $2M) Each column of this chart represents the proportional distribution of conditions throughout Iowa City for each year of the analysis.8.79.610.211.112.112.813.514.415.316.117.118.719.620.89.910.210.010.110.611.212.012.914.815.916.417.619.119.520.420.721.319.920.720.821.521.822.021.920.920.520.820.719.919.219.619.830.029.428.127.827.026.224.824.423.422.221.920.018.518.616.316.136.133.132.531.730.829.629.228.027.327.025.525.525.424.024.222.60% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Very Poor Poor Fair Good Very Good Page 47 of 64 City of Iowa City | Pavement Management Program | FY 2020-2024 Prepared by Figure 53: PCI and Backlog Projections by Budget The results of the dTIMS BA modelling. These graphs represent the effects of adopting various budget and what happens over the next 15 years. Changes to the network level Pavement Condition Index is on top and the bottom represents the miles of road that will need to be deferred for future treatment 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.0 100.0 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035Network AverageCityPCI ScoreNetwork Condition Projection by Budget $0M (Do Nothing)$2M $4M $6M $8M $10M $12M $13M 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035Backlog (Miles of Road Needing Work)Backlog Projection by Budget $0M (Do Nothing)$2M $4M $6M $8M $10M $12M $13M Page 48 of 64 City of Iowa City | Pavement Management Program | FY 2020-2024 Prepared by Figure 54: Distribution Projections for $4 M, $6 M & $8 M Budgets Top to bottom, these show the condition distributions for $4M, $6M, & $8M Budgets respectively Of course, an immediate funding increase of $8-11 million per year is normally quite unreasonable but improving network conditions is not necessarily the goal. Based on the current “Good” condition of Iowa City’s streets, maintenance should be the goal. As such, increases to funding are not critically needed until around 3-5 years out, giving the city time to identify and implement a funding strategy. If Iowa City wishes to maintain their current level of pavement quality a large increase in funding within the next 3-5 years will be needed. Looking at a 15-year time horizon, inflation alone makes most budget levels unsustainable. That far out, only an increase of $11 Million or more will keep the network near its relatively high 66/100 PCI level. The City may want to consider allowing that PCI goal to slip down to 60/100. One alternative goal for maintaining roads in urban agencies is to set different PCI targets for different functional classifications. This allows a city to maintain an overall high quality of transportation infrastructure where it matters most. The lower speeds and lesser volumes of residential streets makes it very reasonable to maintain these at marginally lower standards. The fact that they make up a substantial portion of the network, then results in significant cost savings. A suggested “hybrid target” goal would be to raise the average Arterial PCI score to 70/100, keep collectors at 65/100, and allow local streets to fall to 60/100. All three functional classes would still be considered “Good,” but this offers more flexibility by not forcing the city to deal with the low-volume streets before the main thoroughfares. 5.4.2. Unaccounted for Variable There is one major variable unaccounted for in these analyses: future development driven by population growth. Iowa City continues to be one of the top 20 fastest growing communities in the state. New residential and commercial development, particularly in the north and east portions of the City, keep requiring new roadways and public services be extended to them. These new roads should not need work immediately, but regular crack sealing is recommended for new roadways and the first minor rehabilitations typically are recommended to take place 10-15 years after initial construction. This means that overall Need and required budget may actually grow more than these projections indicate and emphasizes the fact Iowa City needs a more sustainable funding source. Figure 55: Example of Arterial Target Condition (70/100) This image from the 2017 data collection was taken on Melrose Ave between Emerald and Westgate. Ideally, all other arterial class roads would be at this condition level or higher. Figure 56: Example of Collector Target Condition (65/100) This image from the 2017 data collection was taken on Sunset Street south of Benton. Ideally, all other collector class streets would be at this condition level or higher. Figure 57: Example of Local Target Condition (60/100) This image from the 2017 data collection was taken on Jefferson St between Clapp and Parsons. Ideally, all other local class streets would be at this condition level or higher. 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Very Poor Poor Fair Good Very Good Page 49 of 64 City of Iowa City | Pavement Management Program | FY 2020-2024 Prepared by 5.4.3. Ideal Budget Proportions When looking at the types of treatments applied, there is an optimal balance, unique to each city. Too much Reconstruction can eat up a city’s budget quickly and not leave anything to maintain older pavements, resulting in early failures. Too much Rehabilitation allows a city to maintain some roads really well but end up ignoring the “lost- causes” for extended periods, only occasionally carving out funds for Reconstruction. Both cases can result in a lopsided distribution of pavement conditions that is heavy on the two extremes of “Very Good” and “Very Poor” when it would be more preferable to have a uniform distribution with the majority share being “Fair” conditioned roads. Historically, the City has maintained a high proportion of Rehabilitation funding, where some years the mill and overlay program takes up the entire budget. While that has worked well for Iowa City, up until now, research performed by HR Green has indicated cities in Iowa tend to perform best with 60/40 split between Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, respectively. That or 55/35 with the remaining 10% focused on restoration treatments like crack sealing and patching. The dTIMS BA model provided insight for splitting the funding, indicating an ideal funding distribution of 70/25/5 between Reconstruction, Rehabilitation, and Restoration. While higher than normally recommended, it does equate to approximately a 3 to 1 ratio of dollars spent between Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, respectively. Since Reconstruction costs approximately 3 times more per square yard of pavement improved, compared to Rehabilitation, it results in an equal distribution of work between the two types of treatments. This equal split makes sense with the current distribution of pavement conditions in Iowa City. A 70/30 funding split would allow the City to address their worst pavements each year, while still rehabilitating a good amount of those currently in “Fair” condition and preserving those in “Good” condition. Figure 58: dTIMS BA Recommended Budget Proportions This figure shows the recommended funding breakdown for Iowa City, based on the dTIMS BA projections. 5.5. Funding The funding gap identified by the dTIMS BA scenarios is substantial, considering that in order to keep the network-level PCI score in the “Good” category requires a 5-fold increase. Quintupling the annual budget seems improbable, but fortunately, Iowa City has already established a pattern of financing roadway improvements well beyond what is available from RUT funds via other sources. Iowa City also has an excellent untapped funding tool available to them in the Local- Option Sales-Tax (LOST). 5.5.1. What is a Local Option Sales Tax? Of the 1371 jurisdictions tracked by the Iowa Department of Revenue, including 1204 cities (some unincorporated), 1311 of those jurisdictions levy a LOST. Iowa City is one of very few Cities in the state that does not utilize this funding method and they are potentially missing out on millions of dollars. The State of Iowa allows cities to levy up to a 1-cent tax on every dollar of eligible sales within their jurisdiction, and every City in Iowa that uses a LOST levies the full 1% tax, though they may distribute them to different uses. Two prime examples of cities in Iowa that have leveraged a LOST to good effect are Cedar Rapids and Waterloo. Cedar rapids enacted their LOST in 2013 and it generates over $18 Million of revenue each year and every dollar is spent on roadway improvements. Waterloo has had a LOST dating back to 1991 and is likely the primary reason that they have the highest pavement quality of all major urban areas in the state. Iowa Code Chapter 423B enables Local Option Sales Taxes. To enact them, however, requires a public ballot measure that passes by simple majority. Duration of an approved LOST does not necessarily require a limit and is assumed to be continuous until repealed, unless otherwise stated within the ballot referendum. 5.5.2. How Much Could Iowa City Generate with LOST? Iowa State University’s Department of Economics provides a Retail Trade Analysis Report for each Fiscal Year for each county and major urban area in the State of Iowa. The FY 2018 report for Johnson County, including the Iowa City area, can be found online at this location: https://www.icip.iastate.edu/sites/default/files/retail/retail_19103.pdf . Within the report is a breakdown of all taxable sales for Johnson County since 1976. As of 2018, taxable sales in Johnson County reached nearly $1.9 Billion. While Iowa City does not make up the entirety of that total, it does represent the largest portion of it. Over 45% of taxable retail sales in Johnson County come from Iowa City, which in 2018 translated to a total of $854.5 Million. $854.5 Million in taxable sales in Iowa City could translate to a very large sum for a LOST. If Iowa City were to implement a LOST of 1% it could generate over $8 Million per year in funding available for street repair. This would go a long way towards creating a sustainable pavement management program by nearly eliminating the funding gap with a revenue source that organically grows over time. Figure 59: Taxable Retail sales History and Projection This figure shows the historical Taxable Retail Sales for Johnson County from 1976 to 2018 and a projection using an exponential smoothing method. The City Estimates that it could generate between $8 and $12 MILLION, annually, in tax revenue with a Local -Option Sales -Tax Note: The data used to establish thee projections and the assumptions used to develop the discussion regarding LOST do not account for the unprecedented economic impacts of the COVID-19 response in Johnson County. LOST and RUT funds are normally quite immune to the impacts of market changes but the extreme nature of the situation may require the City to adjust their plans for Fiscal Years 2020 and 2021, and in future budgeting disregard 2019/2020 when generating revenue projections. Recon 70% Major Rehab 20% Minor Rehab 5% Restoration 5% $- $500,000,000 $1,000,000,000 $1,500,000,000 $2,000,000,000 $2,500,000,000 $3,000,000,000 197619791982198519881991199419972000200320062009201220152018202020232026202920322035Sales Forecast Taxable Sales (Inf. Adjusted) Page 50 of 64 City of Iowa City | Pavement Management Program | FY 2020-2024 Prepared by 5.5.3. Why Consider a LOST? The primary reason Iowa City should consider a Local-Option Sales- Tax is that it needs to find a way to cover the City’s current funding shortfalls, as projected by the dTIMS BA model. Given that the sustainable budget is estimated to be approximately $13 Million, a LOST may not cover the entirety of the City’s needs, but it would close the $11 Million gap significantly. The second reason is that LOST’s grow organically with population and inflation. As construction costs go up over time based on inflation, so too do the retail costs paid by local consumers. As such, it avoids the weaknesses of bond-based budgeting or Road-Use Tax allocations related to their limited growth ability. Gas-tax revenue growth is particularly limited; increasing gas prices and greater adoption of electric and hybrid vehicles are causing stagnation. For example, in June and July of 2019 the Iowa Department of Revenue actually reported decreased gas-tax collections compared to the same time-frame in 2018, and those same months in 2018 had grown only 0.2% from 2017. Retail sales taxes are not a silver bullet; however, the projected growth of taxable retail sales is only 1.3% for the next 5 years. This would not cover the 3.5% inflation rate prescribed for financial planning exercises (per OMB A-94); however, it is still far more sustainable than the funding methods currently implemented by the City. The last reason to use LOST is the fact it “exports” some of the tax burden to those who travel into and through Iowa City, for work, school, shopping, and events. When the City bonds for money or uses the general fund to pay for roadway improvements, that money is being financed directly by the property owners in Iowa City but the local citizens are not the only people impacted by the quality of the infrastructure in the City. Many people from outside Iowa City (including university students) travel into and through it every day. This is particularly due to Iowa City’s unique characteristics as a job-based destination with major employers like the University of Iowa and the Hospital. As of now, those individuals from outside the City do not pay their “fair-share”. By taxing sales in the City, it spreads the burden to people who do not own property in Iowa City and better captures revenue “fairly” from those who use the transportation network. Effects of Implementing a LOST Figure 60: Projections for LOST Funding Scenarios These graphs were generated by dTIMS BA assuming the adoption of a LOST and explores various allocations. Five LOST scenarios were run to help illustrate the benefits of Iowa City implementing one. The five Scenarios analyzed a budget based on Half-Cent LOST generating $4.25 Million per year, the Half-Cent LOST added to the current budget for a total of $6.25 Million per year, a One-Cent LOST generating $8.5 Million per year, a growth scenario where a One-Cent LOST is implemented and grows consistently by the projected 1.3%, and lastly a scenario were the current budget of $2 Million is added to the growth scenario generating a combined budget of $10.5 Million per year that increases over time. The results show very promising trends, particularly compared against the Base scenario. A Half-Cent LOST may not be effective on its own but when added to the existing budget, it creates noticeable improvements. If a One-Cent LOST dedicated to roadway improvements was implemented, however, the City would have noticeably improved performance in only 3 Years. By 2023, the One- Cent scenarios outperform the Base budget by 3 PCI points, by 2035 it outperforms by over 10 PCI points! The optimal budget option between the LOST scenarios is clearly the One-Cent LOST added to the current budget. It may not maintain the currently high quality, but it is the only scenario where Iowa City can stay firmly in the “Good” Category. Logistically, a full $10.5+ Million annual budget may be difficult to implement in its entirety, especially with the costs of administering the additional revenue, but the City should consider this as the best possible outcome. With a One -Cent Local -Option Sales -Tax, Iowa City could be one of the few cities in the state with a long -term sustainable funding source for its pavement management needs. 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.0 100.0 Network AverageCityPCI ScoreCityPCI Projection (LOST) $2.5 Million (Base)$4.25 Million (0.5% LOST) $6.25 Million (0.5% LOST+Base)$8.5 Million (1% LOST) 1% LOST w/ Growth Max Budget (Base + 1%LOST) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Backlog (Miles of Roads that Need Work)$2.5 Million (Base)$4.25 Million (0.5% LOST) $6.25 Million (0.5% LOST+Base)$8.5 Million (1% LOST) 1% LOST w/ Growth Max Budget (Base + 1%LOST) Page 51 of 64 City of Iowa City | Pavement Management Program | FY 2020-2024 Prepared by 5.5.4. Other Potential Funding Solutions The Iowa City finance department have identified at least 3 other potential funding sources, besides LO ST, that could help increase the budget for roadway improvements or at least free up funds from other departments to be used for roadway improvements instead. Those sources are a Utility Franchise Tax, an Emergency Property Tax Levy, and a Capital Improvement Tax Levy. Each of these sources already has the framework authorized but some may still require referendum like the LOST. The City has already analyzed each of these sources and estimated the potential revenues for the past 5 years and have forecast the potential revenue for 2020 and 2021. The Utility Franchise Tax (UFT) could charge up to a 4% tax on bills from public utilities. The City estimates it could generate around $4 Million annually and could use it to offset the use of other funding sources. The Emergency Property Tax (EPT) could levy up to 27 cents to the property tax rates and its funds may go towards mitigating the impacts of a global or communal emergency. One potential use could be using the funds to improve storm-water infrastructure to handle the expected effects of climate change. The city already uses 24 cents of the approved 27 cent levy. This funding source, if the full amount was assessed, is estimated to generate $1.1 Million, annually, and is expected to continue to grow over time. However, if the money were to be used for roadway infrastructure, another source would be required to address the community’s climate action needs. The Capital Improvement Property Tax (CIP Tax) is an additional tax levy on properties within Iowa City. It would increase the current rate by 67.5 cents and generate approximately $2.8 Million annually. It would be earmarked specifically for infrastructure improvements and is projected to continue growing over time. Lastly, the Local-Option Sales-Tax (LOST) would be a 1-cent tax on retail sales within Iowa City and is estimated to generate $8.5 Million, annually. Table 16: Alternative Street Funding Sources and Estimated Revenues Funding Source Actual 2014 Actual 2015 Actual 2016 Actual 2017 Actual 2018 Actual 2019 Budget 2020 Budget 2021 Utility Franchise Tax ($0.04) $4,127,268 $3,606,759 $3,496,938 $3,757,547 $3,904,238 $3,858,758 $3,904,200 $3,858,760 Emergency Property Tax ($0.27)1 $811,197 $839,984 $849,433 $903,811 $935,548 $986,668 $1,027,720 $1,001,442 Capital Improvement Property Tax ($0.675)1 $2,027,991 $2,099,960 $2,123,582 $2,259,528 $2,338,870 $2,466,670 $2,569,300 $2,816,556 Local Option Sales Tax ($0.01)2 $8,110,392 $8,388,537 $8,532,583 $8,749,290 $8,545,384 $8,663,891 $8,545,384 $8,663,891 Total $15,078,861 $14,937,255 $15,004,553 $15,672,192 $15,726,058 $15,978,007 $16,048,624 $16,340,649 (1) Includes utility excise tax but not state backfill (2) Estimated based on 1% of total retail sales in Iowa City The goal of implementing these tax policies would be to generate an additional $8-11 Million per year in addition to the existing Road-Use Tax revenue and replace the need for GO Bonds. If the City could manage to achieve that level of funding, projections indicate that the average roadway conditions in Iowa City would likely stabilize, and possibly even increase. Iowa City is very fortunate to have the economic and political opportunities available to them to reach such a lofty goal. The estimates provided by the City Finance Department indicate that a budgetary increase is very possible given the tax base and funding vehicles available to the city. A mix of funding sources could easily eliminate the entire funding gap identified in the dTIMS BA analysis, putting long term funding sustainability within the City’s reach. At the very least, implementing some of these funding sources could reduce the City’s need for GO Bonds and make it more self-sufficient rather than constantly relying on State or Federal Grant program to afford major roadway projects. Figure 61: Street Funding Source Estimates This graph was provided by the Iowa City Finance Department and shows the relative funding amounts of the 4 potential revenue sources. $- $2,000,000 $4,000,000 $6,000,000 $8,000,000 $10,000,000 $12,000,000 $14,000,000 $16,000,000 $18,000,000 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Actual Actual Actual Actual Actual Actual Budget Budget Utility Franchise Tax ($0.04)Emergency Property Tax ($0.27) Capital Imprmt Property Tax ($0.675)Local Option Sales Tax ($0.01) Page 52 of 64 City of Iowa City | Pavement Management Program | FY 2020-2024 Prepared by 5.6. Performance Metrics and Goal Setting Pavement Management Programs are ongoing processes. Adopting a plan and analyzing potential budgets are not enough. They need to be actionable and have clear, measurable performance goals. The first steps in moving forward are to approve the findings of this pavement management plan, identify a funding strategy, and then develop an objective, data-driven Capital Improvement Plan. The Capital Improvement Plan will assist decision makers in determining the most cost-effective actions are to use the funding they have available to improve or maintain conditions in Iowa City. With the Scenario results in mind, Iowa City needs to set some measurable performance goals for the near future, that will be addressed by said Capital Improvement Program. This allows a City to track its performance, ensuring that it remains on track and is actually effective in addressing its infrastructure needs. 5.6.1. Recommended Performance Metrics ➢ Maintain an ideal Reconstruction split of around 70% ➢ Invest 5% minimum of the total budget towards preventative maintenance ➢ Rehabilitate at least 2 Miles of roads each year. ➢ Investigate the implementation of a LOST ➢ Determine an increased funding strategy to be put in place by 2023 ➢ Maintain Overall Network PCI at or around 65/100 using a hybrid strategy that keeps Arterials, Collectors, and Locals at 70/100, 60/100, and 60/100, respectively. 5.6.2. “Living Documents” Another important part of this performance tracking and goal-setting is to renew this plan as physical, fiscal, and political conditions change. HRG recommends that Pavement Management Plans act as “Living Documents” that grow with cities and adapt to their needs by regular updates and changes. By default, for most agencies this will mean renewing the plan every 2-4 years, complete with new pavement condition data. The IPMP data, up until 2020, had been provided biannually, free of charge to all cities within the state of Iowa. Starting this year, however, it will no longer be provided, freely, every 2 years but will be moved to a 4-year rotation, with option for agencies to “buy” the off years. The cost to Iowa City for extra data is approximately $22,000 every 4 years and will likely be covered by the Metropolitan Planning Organization of Johnson County (MPOJC). The only remaining costs to maintaining this document are those paid to consultants to analyze the data. 5.6.3. Recommended Goals/Timeline 1) Adopt Pavement Management Plan (2021) 2) Approve Capital. Improvement Plan for 2020-2025 (2021) 3) Begin Construction of the first phase of projects (2021) 4) Work with MPOJC to create an agreement with IPMP to continue receiving data on a bi-annual basis. (2021) 5) Investigate Implementation of alternative funding strategy (2021) 6) Determine mechanism for better coordination with public and private utilities (2021) 7) Council approves new funding strategy (2022) 8) Update plan including new condition data (2022). 9) Complete Phase 2 of Pavement Management Plan recommended CIP projects (2023) 10) Update plan including new condition data and increased revenue (2023). Page 53 of 64 City of Iowa City | Pavement Management Program | FY 2020-2024 Prepared by Capital Improvement Plan The Capital Improvement Plan (CIP) is a list of recommended projects for Iowa City to complete over the next 5 years. This list of projects was generated using the results of the dTIMS BA model, as well as several other factors. The project list is optimized for the most effective use of available funds, based on the pavement condition data and planning-level information provided by the City. The complete list of recommended projects and maps identifying the location for the proposed treatments can be found in Appendix A: Capital Improvement Plan starting on page 54. Projects are sorted into three phases, the Start-Up Phase (2020), Phase 1 (2021-2022), and Phase 2 (2023-2024). These lists and maps will serve as a tool to assist City staff during the project planning process, but they do not replace engineering judgement. Project types may change from what is in the CIP and projects will likely move between phases for various reasons. Some projects may even leave the plan entirely as new ones are added. Some reasons the program may change include field conditions not captured by the IPMP data, required utility improvements, or environmental hazards causing changes to local conditions. Consisting of 43 Projects, the recommended projects contained within the CIP will address nearly 17 Miles of roads. The majority of which will actually be on local streets; primarily because the Arterial/Collector streets are generally in good condition while Local streets make up the majority of the network. Figure 62: Treatment Distribution by Functional Class Over Time This area graph shows the treatment distribution for each year of the CIP. The number of miles addressed each year by the CIP, on average, is expected to decline somewhat over time, however. This is several large projects in the near future, one of which will be a joint endeavor with Iowa DOT. The reconstruction of N Dodge St, (Highway 1) under DOT jurisdiction, will be a large project expected to cost the City nearly $14 Million. Some costs will be shared with the DOT, but the City is wisely withholding a significant amount of funds starting in 2024. The City’s base budget is allocated relatively evenly between Reconstruction and Rehabilitation. That is before counting the use of the funds for the Dodge St Reconstruction and other CIP projects, which accounts for 50% of the overall budget. Once those are factored in, things become closer to the preferred distribution Figure 63: Treatment Type Proportion for CIP (No Major CIP Projects) This pie chart shows the relative proportion of reconstruction to rehabilitation activities recommended in the CIP, not counting the Dodge Street Project . Figure 64: Treatment Type Proportion for CIP (Full CIP w/ Dodge Street) This pie chart shows the relative proportion of reconstruction to rehabilitation activities recommended in the CIP, including the expected Dodge Street project. Keep in Touch! The City of Iowa City wants to remain engaged with its citizens as part of the pavement management program over the next 5 years! If you have comments on this publication, wish to provide input for future plan-updates, or want to inquire about upcoming construction projects, there are a number of means by which people may contact the City. You can find out more on the City’s website, or can engage them on social media: How to engage with The City of Iowa City: Visit City Website: https://www.icgov.org/ Read City News Page: https://www.icgov.org/news Contact via Public Works Site: https://www.icgov.org/city- government/departments-and-divisions/public-works Subscribe to Email/Text Updates: https://www.icgov.org/e- subscriptions Follow on Twitter: https://twitter.com/CityOfIowaCity (@CityOfIowaCity) Chat on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/CityofIowaCity/ Tag on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/cityofiowacity/ (@CityOfIowaCity) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025Miles of RoadLocal Collector Arterial 48% 6% 46%Major Rehabilitation Minor Rehabilitation Reconstruction 2%8% 90% Page 54 of 64 City of Iowa City | Pavement Management Program | FY 2020-2024 Prepared by Appendix A: Capital Improvement Plan Page 55 of 64 City of Iowa City | Pavement Management Program | FY 2020-2024 Prepared by A.1. Capital Improvement Plan Phase Branch Project Type AADT Class Est. Cost Miles CityPCI Pave Type Start End From Address To Address Phase1 American Legion Rd SE Reconstruction 3716 Arterial $ 2,360,000 1.07 66 COM S Scott Blvd Taft Ave 1106 4799 Phase1 Camp Cardinal Rd Minor Rehabilitation 1169 Local $ 10,000 0.10 79 SEAL 80' N of Gathering Place Ln Camp Cardinal Blvd 749 853 Phase1 Deforest Ave Reconstruction 1640 Local $ 520,000 0.22 35 PCC Franklin St Sycamore St 1400 1729 Phase1 Hollywood Blvd Major Rehabilitation 517 Local $ 290,000 0.33 44 COM Taylor Dr Sycamore St 1200 1651 Phase1 Lower Muscatine Rd Major Rehabilitation 7649 Collector $ 280,000 0.28 58 PCC E Court St 2nd Ave 1901 2301 Phase1 Melrose Ave Reconstruction 9202 Arterial $ 2,430,000 1.10 66 PCC Slowther Rd Highway 218 NB Ramp 4899 Phase1 Muscatine Ave Major Rehabilitation 9083 Arterial $ 830,000 0.78 46 COM E Court St 2nd Ave 1400 2141 Phase1 N Gilbert St Major Rehabilitation 10489 Arterial $ 620,000 0.16 52 PCC E Burlington St E Market St 131 Phase1 Old Highway 218 S Major Rehabilitation 29365 Arterial $ 1,190,000 0.80 58 ACC Lake Ridge Ave Riverside Dr 1900 2580 Phase1 Olive St Reconstruction 239 Local $ 470,000 0.09 31 PCC Myrtle Ave S Dead End 500 537 Phase1 Rochester Ave Reconstruction 7051 Arterial $ 2,280,000 0.72 49 COM Memler Ct N 1st Ave 1500 2235 Phase1 S Gilbert St Major Rehabilitation 21862 Arterial $ 1,020,000 0.24 72 PCC E College St E Washington St 299 Phase1 S Scott Blvd Major Rehabilitation 7290 Arterial $ 420,000 0.37 76 PCC Freedom Ct Highway 6 2500 2799 Phase1 Sycamore St Minor Rehabilitation 6391 Collector $ 20,000 0.19 77 COM Deforest Ave Highway 6 1500 1699 Phase1 W Benton St Major Rehabilitation 13583 Collector $ 3,610,000 1.23 47 PCC Mormon Trek Blvd Carriage Hill 900 2399 Phase1 W Iowa Ave Major Rehabilitation 9322 Arterial $ 120,000 0.16 40 COM N Riverside Dr Madison St 101 299 Phase 1 -Subtotal $ 16,390,000 7.85 Phase2 1 Ave Major Rehabilitation 16492 Arterial $ 210,000 0.15 69 PCC 1st St Highway 6 93 104 Phase2 Broadway St Major Rehabilitation 478 Local $ 240,000 0.24 54 PCC Euclid Ave Cottonwood Ave 1400 1635 Phase2 E Court St Reconstruction 8281 Collector $ 1,950,000 0.67 45 COM Muscatine Ave 1st Ave 1301 2298 Phase2 E Court St Minor Rehabilitation 5839 Local $ 10,000 0.03 81 COM Grant St Muscatine Ave 1222 1299 Phase2 Melrose Ave Reconstruction 17687 Arterial $ 1,220,000 0.48 45 PCC Hawkeye Park Rd Mormon Trek Blvd 2400 2900 Phase2 N Dubuque St Major Rehabilitation 27129 Arterial $ 340,000 0.45 71 PCC Bjaysville Ln Interstate 80 1451 1850 Phase2 N Scott Blvd Major Rehabilitation 11353 Arterial $ 550,000 0.47 51 COM 810' N of Washington St Lower West Branch Rd 3428 Phase2 Oakcrest St Minor Rehabilitation 686 Local $ 10,000 0.13 73 PCC Sunset St George St 1200 1329 Phase2 Old Highway 218 S Major Rehabilitation 11151 Arterial $ 600,000 0.70 51 ACC Old Highway 218 Oak Crest Hill Rd 2820 4299 Phase2 Orchard St Reconstruction 717 Local $ 510,000 0.21 37 PCC 1010 Orchard St Douglass St 800 1099 Phase2 Park Road Reconstruction 6000 Arterial $ 6,000,000 0.61 38 PCC Rockyshore Dr Riverside Dr Phase2 S Dubuque St Reconstruction 4118 Collector $ 400,000 0.08 22 PCC E Iowa Ave E Washington St 29 Phase2 S Riverside Dr Major Rehabilitation 13744 Arterial $ 350,000 0.45 64 PCC Highway 1 Ruppert Rd 1100 1219 Phase2 S Riverside Dr Major Rehabilitation 29365 Arterial $ 670,000 0.44 70 COM Old Highway 218 Ruppert Rd 1220 1899 Phase2 Kirkwood Ave New Construction N/A $ 3,000,000 N/A PCC Clinton Capitol St Phase 2 Subtotal -Subtotal $ 16,060,000 4.50 Phase3 E Jefferson St Reconstruction 3179 Local $ 560,000 0.18 47 COM Clapp St Parsons Ave 1100 1199 Phase3 E Market St Minor Rehabilitation 9083 Arterial $ 30,000 0.23 77 COM Capitol St N Linn St 229 Phase3 Grand Ave Minor Rehabilitation 24061 Arterial $ 50,000 0.19 63 PCC Roundabout S Riverside Dr 321 4786 Phase3 Melrose Ave Minor Rehabilitation 17593 Arterial $ 20,000 0.05 41 PCC Finkbine Commuter Dr University Heights 1380 1381 Phase3 Mormon Trek Blvd Major Rehabilitation 16851 Arterial $ 1,460,000 1.14 62 PCC Melrose Ave Highway 6 W 93 1000 Phase3 N 1 Ave Minor Rehabilitation 9680 Arterial $ 1,070,000 0.62 54 PCC Tudor Dr Stuart Ct 100 799 Phase3 Rohret Rd Minor Rehabilitation 5928 Collector $ 100,000 0.22 64 PCC Coll Dr Cae Dr 1328 1502 Phase3 S 1 Ave Major Rehabilitation 17113 Arterial $ 330,000 0.28 52 COM Friendship St A St 400 629 Phase3 S 1 Ave Minor Rehabilitation 9680 Arterial $ 280,000 0.25 67 PCC E Court St E Washington St 100 399 Phase3 S Governor St Reconstruction 717 Local $ 350,000 0.15 39 PCC Bowery St S Dead End 595 678 Phase3 Sycamore St Major Rehabilitation 3224 Collector $ 520,000 0.56 61 SEAL Sand Rd SE Lehman Ave 4241 4285 Phase3 Teeters Ct Reconstruction 359 Local $ 260,000 0.11 34 COM N Dead End Rider St 201 339 Phase3 W Court St Major Rehabilitation 7366 Local $ 180,000 0.08 81 PCC S Madison St 1st Ave Phase3 Wade St Minor Rehabilitation 17297 Local $ 20,000 0.15 76 COM Wayne Ave Muscatine Ave 1000 1139 Phase3 N Dodge St Reconstruction Highway $ 14,000,000 3.30 N/A Varies Burlington I-80 Phase 3 Subtotal -Subtotal $ 19,230,000 4.22 Page 56 of 65 City of Iowa City | Pavement Management Program | FY 2020-2024 Prepared by A.1. Capital Improvement Plan Phase Branch Project Type AADT Class Est. Cost Miles CityPCI Pave Type Start End From Address To Address Phase1 American Legion Rd SE Reconstruction 3716 Arterial $ 2,360,000 1.07 66 COM S Scott Blvd Taft Ave 1106 4799 Phase1 Camp Cardinal Rd Minor Rehabilitation 1169 Local $ 10,000 0.10 79 SEAL 80' N of Gathering Place Ln Camp Cardinal Blvd 749 853 Phase1 Deforest Ave Reconstruction 1640 Local $ 520,000 0.22 35 PCC Franklin St Sycamore St 1400 1729 Phase1 Hollywood Blvd Major Rehabilitation 517 Local $ 290,000 0.33 44 COM Taylor Dr Sycamore St 1200 1651 Phase1 Lower Muscatine Rd Major Rehabilitation 7649 Collector $ 280,000 0.28 58 PCC E Court St 2nd Ave 1901 2301 Phase1 Melrose Ave Reconstruction 9202 Arterial $ 2,430,000 1.10 66 PCC Slowther Rd Highway 218 NB Ramp 4899 Phase1 Muscatine Ave Major Rehabilitation 9083 Arterial $ 830,000 0.78 46 COM E Court St 2nd Ave 1400 2141 Phase1 N Gilbert St Major Rehabilitation 10489 Arterial $ 620,000 0.16 52 PCC E Burlington St E Market St 131 Phase1 Old Highway 218 S Major Rehabilitation 29365 Arterial $ 1,190,000 0.80 58 ACC Lake Ridge Ave Riverside Dr 1900 2580 Phase1 Olive St Reconstruction 239 Local $ 470,000 0.09 31 PCC Myrtle Ave S Dead End 500 537 Phase1 Rochester Ave Reconstruction 7051 Arterial $ 2,280,000 0.72 49 COM Memler Ct N 1st Ave 1500 2235 Phase1 S Gilbert St Major Rehabilitation 21862 Arterial $ 1,020,000 0.24 72 PCC E College St E Washington St 299 Phase1 S Scott Blvd Major Rehabilitation 7290 Arterial $ 420,000 0.37 76 PCC Freedom Ct Highway 6 2500 2799 Phase1 Sycamore St Minor Rehabilitation 6391 Collector $ 20,000 0.19 77 COM Deforest Ave Highway 6 1500 1699 Phase1 W Benton St Major Rehabilitation 13583 Collector $ 3,610,000 1.23 47 PCC Mormon Trek Blvd Carriage Hill 900 2399 Phase1 W Iowa Ave Major Rehabilitation 9322 Arterial $ 120,000 0.16 40 COM N Riverside Dr Madison St 101 299 Phase 1 -Subtotal $ 16,390,000 7.85 Phase2 1 Ave Major Rehabilitation 16492 Arterial $ 210,000 0.15 69 PCC 1st St Highway 6 93 104 Phase2 Broadway St Major Rehabilitation 478 Local $ 240,000 0.24 54 PCC Euclid Ave Cottonwood Ave 1400 1635 Phase2 E Court St Reconstruction 8281 Collector $ 1,950,000 0.67 45 COM Muscatine Ave 1st Ave 1301 2298 Phase2 E Court St Minor Rehabilitation 5839 Local $ 10,000 0.03 81 COM Grant St Muscatine Ave 1222 1299 Phase2 Melrose Ave Reconstruction 17687 Arterial $ 1,220,000 0.48 45 PCC Hawkeye Park Rd Mormon Trek Blvd 2400 2900 Phase2 N Dubuque St Major Rehabilitation 27129 Arterial $ 340,000 0.45 71 PCC Bjaysville Ln Interstate 80 1451 1850 Phase2 N Scott Blvd Major Rehabilitation 11353 Arterial $ 550,000 0.47 51 COM 810' N of Washington St Lower West Branch Rd 3428 Phase2 Oakcrest St Minor Rehabilitation 686 Local $ 10,000 0.13 73 PCC Sunset St George St 1200 1329 Phase2 Old Highway 218 S Major Rehabilitation 11151 Arterial $ 600,000 0.70 51 ACC Old Highway 218 Oak Crest Hill Rd 2820 4299 Phase2 Orchard St Reconstruction 717 Local $ 510,000 0.21 37 PCC 1010 Orchard St Douglass St 800 1099 Phase2 Park Road Reconstruction 6000 Arterial $ 6,000,000 0.61 38 PCC Rockyshore Dr Riverside Dr Phase2 S Dubuque St Reconstruction 4118 Collector $ 400,000 0.08 22 PCC E Iowa Ave E Washington St 29 Phase2 S Riverside Dr Major Rehabilitation 13744 Arterial $ 350,000 0.45 64 PCC Highway 1 Ruppert Rd 1100 1219 Phase2 S Riverside Dr Major Rehabilitation 29365 Arterial $ 670,000 0.44 70 COM Old Highway 218 Ruppert Rd 1220 1899 Phase2 Kirkwood Ave New Construction N/A $ 3,000,000 N/A PCC Clinton Capitol St Phase 2 Subtotal -Subtotal $ 16,060,000 4.50 Phase3 E Jefferson St Reconstruction 3179 Local $ 560,000 0.18 47 COM Clapp St Parsons Ave 1100 1199 Phase3 E Market St Minor Rehabilitation 9083 Arterial $ 30,000 0.23 77 COM Capitol St N Linn St 229 Phase3 Grand Ave Minor Rehabilitation 24061 Arterial $ 50,000 0.19 63 PCC Roundabout S Riverside Dr 321 4786 Phase3 Melrose Ave Minor Rehabilitation 17593 Arterial $ 20,000 0.05 41 PCC Finkbine Commuter Dr University Heights 1380 1381 Phase3 Mormon Trek Blvd Major Rehabilitation 16851 Arterial $ 1,460,000 1.14 62 PCC Melrose Ave Highway 6 W 93 1000 Phase3 N 1 Ave Minor Rehabilitation 9680 Arterial $ 1,070,000 0.62 54 PCC Tudor Dr Stuart Ct 100 799 Phase3 Rohret Rd Minor Rehabilitation 5928 Collector $ 100,000 0.22 64 PCC Coll Dr Cae Dr 1328 1502 Phase3 S 1 Ave Major Rehabilitation 17113 Arterial $ 330,000 0.28 52 COM Friendship St A St 400 629 Phase3 S 1 Ave Minor Rehabilitation 9680 Arterial $ 280,000 0.25 67 PCC E Court St E Washington St 100 399 Phase3 S Governor St Reconstruction 717 Local $ 350,000 0.15 39 PCC Bowery St S Dead End 595 678 Phase3 Sycamore St Major Rehabilitation 3224 Collector $ 520,000 0.56 61 SEAL Sand Rd SE Lehman Ave 4241 4285 Phase3 Teeters Ct Reconstruction 359 Local $ 260,000 0.11 34 COM N Dead End Rider St 201 339 Phase3 W Court St Major Rehabilitation 7366 Local $ 180,000 0.08 81 PCC S Madison St 1st Ave Phase3 Wade St Minor Rehabilitation 17297 Local $ 20,000 0.15 76 COM Wayne Ave Muscatine Ave 1000 1139 Phase3 N Dodge St Reconstruction Highway $ 14,000,000 3.30 N/A Varies Burlington I-80 Phase 3 Subtotal -Subtotal $ 19,230,000 4.22 \\hrgreen.com\HRG\Data\2018\181474\GIS\MXD\MapBooks\Mapbook_2019PMP_Report-LeftLegend2.mxd 12THCORAL RIDGEHOLIDAY WOOLFMUSCATINE1STMADISONFRIENDSHIP MELROSE AMERICA N L E G I O N 420TH GI L B E R T 5TH 1STIOWA PARK CAMPCARDI NALM O R M O N TR EK 7THKEOKUKSYCAMOREBENTON PRAI RI EDUC HIE N LO W E R M U S C A T I N E COURT ROCHESTER ROHRETSUNSETWASHINGTON HIGHLAND LOWER WEST BRANCH OAKCRESTHI LLKIRKWOODSUMMITCLINTON SCOTTRIVER HERBERT HOOVER JEFFERSON SHERIDANRIVERSIDEDUBUQUE10TH MARKETNEWTON OLDHIGHWAY2182ND BOWERY BURLINGTONHAWKINS CHURCH LINN22NDKIMBALLHEARTLANDMCCOLLISTE R SOUTHGATEROCKYSHORE F50SANDIWV RIVERS IDE SHARONCENTERMAIERGRAND Legend Phase Start Up Phase 1 Phase 2 Treatment Type Minor Rehabilitation Major Rehabilitation Reconstruction District District A District B District C Service Layer Credits: Esri, HERE, Garmin, (c) OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS user community 0 1,750 3,500 Feet 1 inch = 3,500 feet Map 21 Proposed Project LocationsOverview \\hrgreen.com\HRG\Data\2018\181474\GIS\MXD\MapBooks\Mapbook_2019PMP_Report-RightLegend.mxdROHRETRDSW R O C H E S T E R A V E SRI VERSIDEDRMELROSE AVE 2ND S T S1STAVEW IOWA AVE MORMON TREK BLVDS 7TH AVEP R AIRIE D U CHIENRDGRAND AVE H I GH W AY 1 S W MELROSE AVE LO W E R M U S C A T I N E R D RO HRE T R D SUNSETSTE COURT ST HIGHLAND AVES GILBERT STE B ENTON STKIRKWOOD AVE KEOKUK STRIVERST W PARK RD NRIVERSIDEDRSYCAMORE ST SE SANDRDSEOAKCRESTHILLRDSEE PARK RD1STAV EMU S C A T I N E A V E 10TH ST SYCAMORE STOLDHIGHWAY218SN DODGE STN S C OTT BLVD HAWKINSDR HIGHWAY 6 W N GOVERNORSTM O R M O NTREKBLVD N 1ST AVEKIMBALLRDMCCOLLISTERB L V D SOUTHGATE AVEROCKYSHOREDR HI GHWAY 6E HIGHW A Y 6 E HIGHW AY1SWF50SEHIG H W A Y 2 1 8 IWV RD SW SHARONCENTERRDSW5TH S T W BENTON ST SDODGESTHIGHWAY 1 WS GIL B E R T S T CAMPCARDINALB LV D 12TH AVENDUBUQUESTW ELLI N G T O N DRSLUCAS 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CLINTON STN7THAVE22ND AVELegend Phase Start Up Phase 1 Phase 2 Treatment Type Minor Rehabilitation Major Rehabilitation Reconstruction District District A District B District C Municipal Boundary Service Layer Credits: Esri, HERE, Garmin, (c) OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS user community 0 1,500 3,000 Feet 1 inch = 3,000 feet Map 22Proposed Project LocationsDistrict A \\hrgreen.com\HRG\Data\2018\181474\GIS\MXD\MapBooks\Mapbook_2019PMP_Report-LeftLegend2.mxd ROHRET RD WOOLFAVEMUSCATINE AVE AMERICANLEGIONRDSE1STAVESRIVERSIDEDR 420TH ST HERBER T HOOVER HW Y S E S 1ST AVEW IOWA AVE MORMON TREK BLVDS 7TH AVEW BENTON ST P R AIRIE DUCHIENRDMELROSE AVE LO W E R M U S C A T I N E R D 5TH ST SUNSETSTE COURT ST HI GH L AND AV E H O L I D AY RD E B ENTON S T KIRKWOOD AVE N SCOTTBLVDKEOKUKSTRIVERST R O C H E S T E R A V E W PARK RD NRIVERSIDEDRSYCAMORE ST SE SANDRDSEOAKCRESTHILL RDSEE PARK RD PRAIRIEDUCHIENRDNE420TH ST SES SCOTT BLVDDUBUQUESTNEHI G H W A Y 2 1 8 OLDHIGHWAY218SN DODGE 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ST CHARTRES AARONDRSEWAYNE AVE DICKENSON LN HUNTINGTONDRMANORDRPADDOCK B LV D NAPLES AVE SWWESTGATE STE WASHINGTON ST FREUNDRD S E F RI E N DS HI P S T DOVER STDANE RD SWW I NTER EAGL E R D S E WHITING AVE OAKESDR H I G H L A N D D R KENNETH DRDEARBORN STHEINZ RDDENBI GHDR L I N D E R R D N E RUNDELL STBURNS AVE T A F T S P E E D W AY B U R ES H AVECHARLESDR BRADFORD DR WYLDEGREENRDPLUMS T 2ND AVEAMHURSTST RIDGEWAY DR ARBORD REVERSULLLNSCOTTP A R K DRWEEBERSTH ST TAFT AVE SE8TH AVEPLAEN VIE W DRNORMANDYD R 9TH AVEPOST RDS CAPITOL STE COLLEGE ST WALNUT ST G ST RONALDS ST N LINN STN GILBERT STLEHARVEGILBERT CTACTDRSPRING RIDGE DR FAIRWAYLNSE KYLEDR NERIDGERD 7TH AVEMAGOWAN AVELEXINGTON AVEO AK C R ES T ST SIOUX AVE SEFAIRVIEWCEMETERYRDNEKITTYLEERDSWWAPSI AVE NEOS AGE S T SW OSAGE ST SE MALL DREMERALD STRIVERBENDRDSENAPOLEON ST SE COMPASS DRUTAH AVE NELA CINA DR SW ACT RD HARVEST RD SEE I OWA AVE Legend Phase Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Treatment Type Minor Rehabilitation Major Rehabilitation Reconstruction Municipal Boundary Service Layer Credits: Esri, HERE, Garmin, (c) OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS user community 0 1,750 3,500 Feet 1 inch = 3,500 feet Map 23Proposed Project LocationsDistrict B Page 60 of 64 City of Iowa City | Pavement Management Program | FY 2020-2024 Prepared by Appendix B: Changing to CityPCI Page 61 of 64 City of Iowa City | Pavement Management Program | FY 2020-2024 Prepared by B.1. Changing to CityPCI B.1.1. Introduction The City of Iowa City commissioned HR Green Inc. to perform develop a Pavement Management Program. Much of the technical findings regarding funding scenarios and projections in this study rely on an index calculation provided by the Iowa Pavement Management Program, referred to as “CityPCI” or simply “PCI” in the context of the report. In 2017, IPMP issued a new index score calculation known as CityPCI for use in urban areas and has been adopted by the Des Moines Area Metropolitan Planning Organization and other large agencies such as Cedar Rapids and Waterloo. Prior to this, however, agencies around the state had been using a different method for quantifying pavement conditions. City officials may already be familiar with the concept of PCI but were likely using something this section will refer to as the “Original PCI calculation method.” This section reviews the result of those changes and the ramifications of them on the 2019 Pavement Management Program results and the Capital Improvement Plan. B.1.2. What is CityPCI? The Pavement Condition Index (PCI) used by the Iowa Pavement Management Program (IPMP) is an index value useful for summarizing the overall condition of a pavement. A survey of surface distresses along a road is collected, and then each type of relevant distress is assessed based on quantity and severity. The road is rated based on those distress assessments and given a score on a scale of 0-100, with 0 being the worst and 100 being the best. The original Pavement Condition Index calculation method was developed based on feedback from the initial technical committee in 1994, but it was mostly based around the idea of how an ideal pavement might perform and was more targeted towards rural high speed primary facilities like highways. Since the creation of the “old method” many of the urban communities in Iowa; like Des Moines, Davenport, and Cedar Rapids; determined that the Original PCI calculation method was simply not appropriate for their needs. They required additional interpretation to use the IPMP data in a way that was relevant to their needs as municipal agencies. This even resulted in some agencies, Des Moines and Cedar Rapids in particular, creating their own unique PCI calculation methods or adjusting the scale to fit their own subjective judgements; oftentimes, a combination of the two. The main driving force for these changes was that these agencies believed there were a number of noticeable flaws that prevented the “old method” from being applicable to their needs. Summary of reasons that the Original PCI calculation method was insufficient: ➢ Distress thresholds used in the calculation process seem arbitrary. ➢ Inappropriate weighting of how distresses contribute to overall score ➢ Missing certain distresses from the calculation ➢ The way “Pro-rating” distresses for shorter segments works, generates strange results sometimes ➢ Does not make allowance for differences between urban environments vs. rural highways In 2016, a subcommittee of IPMP members was formed, representing some of the larger cities in the state, with the intent to revise the PCI calculation method to more closely meet the needs of urban areas in Iowa. The subcommittee reviewed the distresses used, the contribution weights of the distresses, and the thresholds for when a pavement receives a full point deduction for a given distress. This review was performed for 3 different pavement types, Portland Cement Concrete (PCC), Asphalt Concrete (AC or HMA), and Composite Pavements (COM), which have a combined pavement structure of AC on top of PCC. The committee determined a number of changes were necessary and worked with the IPMP to develop a new PCI calculation method, referred to as CityPCI, that should be used in urban areas moving forward. Their final report was delivered in early 2017 and presented to the IPMP user group and at an APWA conference. In the future, the IPMP will provide to all urban agencies the CityPCI, along with the Original PCI, with every future round of data collection. The main change to the calculation method was a reduction in the effect of ride smoothness (measured by the international roughness index, or IRI), which previously contributed 35% of the overall score. This caused the Original PCI calculation method to be too sensitive to non-distress related issues, such as manholes in the pavement and PCC joints. In addition, local streets with low speed limits and narrow and dead-end streets may be difficult to accurately measure roughness, which may cause inaccurate PCIs. Also, generally, urban streets are lower speed, so roughness is not as much of a concern as for higher speed rural roads. The CityPCI method reduces this effect by lowering the IRI weight to 5% of the total PCI and prorates the distresses better by using more applicable thresholds. Another major issue identified was the effects of patching, which previously did not differentiate between recent pavement repairs that are performing well, such as full depth joint repairs, and what was essentially a poorly filled pothole. New data collection techniques classify pothole fillings as a separate distress called failure and “Good Patches” are not considered in Composite or Asphalt pavements. Page 62 of 64 City of Iowa City | Pavement Management Program | FY 2020-2024 Prepared by B.1.2.1. Changes in PCI Calculation Of the three pavement types considered, two of them received significant overhauls in their methodology. AC pavement, however, remained the same as it was mostly based on a modified version of the ASTM D6433 which is used throughout the U.S., and few communities in Iowa build full-depth asphalt pavements. The IPMP subcommittee recommended changes to both the allowable threshold for each distress and the weighting factors used in compiling the overall PCI score. Table 17: Changes to PCI Deduction Weighting Composite Old Weights New Weights IRI 35 5 Transverse Cracking 20 10 Longitudinal Cracking 30 40 Alligator Cracking 7.5 20 Patching 7.5 25 (bad only) Concrete Old Weights New Weights IRI 35 15 Transverse Cracking 25 20 Longitudinal Cracking None 10 D-Cracking and Spalling 25/15* 30 Patching None 25 The thresholds were changed based on a review of statewide condition data for urban areas. Using the data, thresholds were set to the 90th percentile for each distress and pavement type. This means that out of all asphalt roads in Iowa 90% of them have fewer than 8200 ft/mile of longitudinal cracking. The 10% of roads with more than that would lose full points (40), but every road with longitudinal cracking would receive a deduction proportional to its actual value compared to the threshold. So, a road with 4100 ft/mile of longitudinal cracking would lose 20 PCI points. Table 18: Distress Threshold Comparison PCC Orig inal COM Original PCC New COM New IRI 380 in / mile 380 in / mile 450 in / mile 450 in / mile Transverse Cracking 14 cracks / seg. 24 cracks / seg. 425’ / Mile (35 cracks / seg.) 800’ / Mile (67 cracks / seg.) Longitudinal Cracking None 316’ / seg. 5280’ / Mile 8200’ / Mile D-Cracking and Spalling 8(9) Joints / seg.* N/A 150 Joints / Mile N/A Patching None 520 sq. ft / seg. 7500 sf / Mile 6800 sf / Mile Alligator N/A 1040 sq. ft / seg. N/A 3500 sf / Mile 7.1.1. Example Pictures from the Most Recent Data Collection (2017) The most recent automated data collection run was performed last year, and IPMP is now providing CityPCI along with the old PCI values to compare against. Also, for the first time, the right-of-way video logs and pavement imagery from the data collection are available to agencies to review. This section will show the new CityPCI calculations with imagery from the exact time the data was collected for reference. Berkshire Parkway: CityPCI = 97 (Very Good), Old PCI = 88 (Very Good) University Blvd (Swanson Blvd): CityPCI = 95 (Very Good), Old PCI = 83 (Very Good) Page 63 of 64 City of Iowa City | Pavement Management Program | FY 2020-2024 Prepared by NW 100th Street: CityPCI = 75 (Good), Old PCI = 49 (Fair) NW 148th Street: CityPCI = 70 (Good), Old PCI = 40 (Fair) Indian Hills Drive: CityPCI = 55 (Fair), Old PCI = 43 (Fair) Country Club Boulevard: CityPCI = 53 (Fair), Old PCI = 34 (Poor) Clark Street: CityPCI = 27 (Poor), Old PCI 27 (Poor) Sunset Terrace: CityPCI = 33 (Poor), Old PCI = 35 (Fair) Page 64 of 64 City of Iowa City | Pavement Management Program | FY 2020-2024 Prepared by Colby Avenue: CityPCI = 20 (Very Poor), Old PCI = 20 (Poor) NW 99th Court: CityPCI = 17 (Very Poor), Old PCI = 12 (Very Poor) B.1.3. Revised Statistics One of the main elements conveyed in this Pavement Management Study is a detailed overview of pavement conditions within the City of Iowa City, which were based on IPMP data collected in 2017 and before. When this data was made available, in early 2018, the distress data from the IPMP had a few major differences in how it was provided from the previous collection cycles, however. The first main difference is that the data collection vendor is different, so there may be small discrepancies in how various distresses were collected and classified, leading to some changes in overall PCI. The second change is that the IPMP data came with the new CityPCI values included for the first time. Based on the new CityPCI values, the overall average pavement condition in Iowa City is currently at 65.9/100 (Good). However, when measured using the Original PCI calculation method, the same condition information would yield an overall average of 45.2/100 (Fair). It appears that the changes in both the collection method and the PCI method have affected the results. O verall Average = 65.9 (45.2 ) While the CityPCI numbers are certainly more favorable, there is still an objective need for increased funding and enhanced Pavement Management in the City. A PCI of 65.9 is in the low range of the “Good” category, based on the new calculation method, while previously the City was considered at the very top of the “Fair” category. From a descriptive standpoint, it is not actually a huge departure from the previous results. Item Number: 4. March 11, 2021 Memo from City Man ager: Util ity Protocol Update AT TAC HM E NT S : Description Memo from City Manager: Utility P rotocol Update Item Number: 5. March 11, 2021 Pen d ing City Cou n cil Work Session Topics AT TAC HM E NT S : Description Pending City Council Work S ession Topics Item Number: 6. March 11, 2021 Airport Commission : F ebruary 11 AT TAC HM E NT S : Description Airport Commission: February 11 Item Number: 7. March 11, 2021 Library Board of Tru stees: F eb ru ary 25 AT TAC HM E NT S : Description L ibrary B oard of Trustees: February 25