HomeMy WebLinkAbout2009-10-22 Info Packet~ i
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CITY OF IOWA CITY
www.icgov.org
CITY COUNCIL INFORMATION PACKET
October 22, 2009
MISCELLANEOUS
IP1 Council Meetings and Work Session Agenda
IP2 Press Release: State of Iowa Iowa Civil Rights Commission - ICRC Issues Final Report:
Familial Status Testing in Six Iowa Cities [submitted by Interim City Manager Dale Helling]
IP3 Memorandum from the Code Enforcement Assistant: Stars and Stripes Grill signage
IP4 Memorandum from the Director of Planning and Community Development: Update: Flood-
related activities
IP5 Fire Department Fire Safety Compliance Report July 1, 2009 -September 30, 2009
IP6 Public Leadership Group Meeting Rescheduled - October 29, 2009
IP7 Invitation: Legislative Open House - November 17, 2009
IP8 Invitation: Ground Breaking Ceremony for Iowa City's Fire Station #4 -October 28, 2009
IP9 Approved Minutes: Economic Development Committee: September 15, 2009
DRAFT MINUTES
IP10 Historic Preservation Commission: October 8, 2009
IP11 Telecommunications Commission: September 28, 2009
COUNCIL CANDIDATE MATERIALS (WEBSITE ONLY)
Iowa City Municipal Airport materials
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' "'"'®'~~ City Council Meeting Schedule and 10-22-09
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CITY OF IOWA CITY Work Session Agendas IP1
www.icgov.org
TENTATIVE MEETING SCHEDULE
SUBJECT TO CHANGE
• MONDAY, NOVEMBER 2 Emma J. Harvat Hall
TBA Regular Council Work Session
7:OOp Special Formal Council Meeting
• WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 11 Emma J. Harvat Hall
Veterans Day -City Offices Closed
• THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 12 Emma J. Harvat Hall
6:30p Orientation/Joint Meeting -outgoing and incoming City Council
• MONDAY, NOVEMBER 16 Emma J. Harvat Hall
6:30p Regular Council Work Session
• TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 17 Emma J. Harvat Hall
7:OOp Regular Formal Council Meeting
• MONDAY, NOVEMBER 30 Emma J. Harvat Hall
6:30p Regular Council Work Session
• TUESDAY, DECEMBER 1 Emma J. Harvat Hall
7:OOp Regular Formal Council Meeting
• MONDAY, DECEMBER 7 Emma J. Harvat Hall
5:OOp Meeting with Legislators
• MONDAY, DECEMBER 14 Emma J. Harvat Hall
TBA Regular Council Work Session
7:OOp Special Formal Council Meeting
• MONDAY, JANUARY 18 Emma J. Harvat Hall
Martin Luther King, Jr. Day -City Offices Closed
• WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 20 North Liberty
4:OOp Joint Meeting
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Fields of opportumues S T A T F O F I O W
CHESTER J.CULVER,GOVERNOR
PATTY JUDGE, LT. GOVERNOR
IOWA CIVIL RIGHTS COMMISSION
RALPH ROSENBERG
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
Press Release
Contact: Ralph Rosenberg, Executive Director
Phone: 515-281-4121
FAX: 515-242-5840
Email: ralph.rosenber~a iowa.~ov
Date: October 20, 2009
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
ICRC ISSUES FINAL REPORT: FAMILIAL STATUS TESTING IN SIX IOWA CITIES
No discrimination on the basis of familial status was found
ICRC has released the results of its recent assessment of compliance with fair housing law under both the Iowa
Code and Title XIII of the United States Code. According to Ralph Rosenberg, Director of the Iowa Civil
Rights Commission, "The testing did not disclose discrimination against families with children." As a result of
these positive findings, the Commission intends to focus its next round of testing on race, national origin, and
disability. "The Commission will continue to process and investigate individual complaints based on alleged
discrimination against families with children and the Commission may re-test other cities in future years.
However, it is important to inform the public and policy makers that no discrimination on the basis of familial
status was found during this round of testing, in these particular cites," added Rosenberg.
Conducted in July and August of 2009, the Commission contacted 35 providers during a series of fair housing
tests in six Iowa cities: Ames, Ankeny, Council Bluffs, Des Moines, Iowa City, and Marshalltown.
This Fair Housing Study built upon two studies conducted by the Iowa Civil Rights Commission in 2008. The
first study was of housing advertising in Iowa. Of 9,646 advertisements reviewed, only 40 (less than 1%) were
identified as likely discriminatory. Of the advertisements that were found to be discriminatory, 90%
discriminated on the basis of familial status. The second study specifically tested familial status discrimination
in Waterloo and found two instances of possible familial status discrimination and five instances of possible
racial steering out of twenty tested properties.
The 2009 Fair Housing Study used matched-pair testing to determine the presence and extent of discrimination
on the basis of familial status in six Iowa communities. Testing has long been used by civil rights agencies to
investigate individual claims of discrimination and also in studies to ascertain the presence and extent of
discrimination in specific communities. Determining where discrimination is occurring is an important tool in
the Iowa Civil Rights Commission's goal of "enforcing civil rights through compliance, mediation, advocacy,
and education as we support safe, just, and inclusive communities."
Grimes State Office Building, 400 E. 14`" Street, Des Moines, Iowa 50319-1004
515 281-4121 / 1-800-457-4416 /Fax 515-242-5840
http://www.state. ia. us/government/crc
Research and testing projects help inform us on what Iowa is doing right and areas where we need to strengthen
education, outreach, or enforcement," according to Ralph Rosenberg, Director of the Iowa Civil Rights
Commission.
Copies of the current and past studies are also available on the Commission website:
http•//www state.ia.us/government/crc/
Grimes State Office Building, 400 E. 14"' Street, Des Moines, Iowa 50319-1004
515 281-4121 / 1-800-457-4416 /Fax 515-242-5840
http://www. state. ia. us/govern ment/crc
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CITY OF IOWA CITY
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MEMORANDUM
To: Dale Helling
From: Jann Ream
Date: 9/29/2009
Re: Stars and Stripes Grill signage
The Roy L. Chopek American Legion at 3016 Muscatine Avenue is located in an RS-5
zone. As such, it is anon-conforming institutional use in a single family residential zone.
Currently this type of use would be allowed in an RS-5 zone only by Special Exception.
Non-conforming uses are allowed the same amount of signage as would be allowed for such
a use in the most restrictive zone in which the use is allowed. Institutional uses in RS-5 zone
are allowed one monument sign with a maximum size of 12 square feet per side. As an
institutional use, part of the sign could be a manual changeable copy board that would allow
them to advertise events and specials.
The Stars and Stripes Grill is a restaurant and operates out of the American Legion building.
There has been a history of the restaurant displaying illegal banners and portable signs to
advertise their specials. Exterior advertising banners are not permitted anywhere in Iowa
City except for a special event and portable signs are only allowed in the Central Business
District zones.
Question:
Should the Iowa City sign ordinance be amended in order to allow the Stars and Stripes
Grill to display a portable advertising sign?
Discussion:
The signs that the Stars and Stripes Grill have put out in the past and want to be able to
display are categorized as "Portable Signs." A temporary sign is very specifically defined
and the Stars and Stripes Grill signs cannot be considered temporary signs. (yard sale sign,
temporary identification sign, real estate sign or political sign constructed of temporary
materials)
The sign ordinance is an exclusionary ordinance so unless a type of sign is expressly
permitted, it is prohibited. Portable signs are only allowed in CB-2, CB-5 & CB-10
(downtown) zones -everywhere else, they currently are prohibited. In order for the Stars and
Stripes Grill to legally display portable signs, the ordinance would have to be amended. The
amendment options are 1) allow portable signs in residential zones 2) allow portable signs
in residential zones for institutional uses only 3) allow portable signs in all zones 4) allow
portable signs for any use in a residential zone except for single family and two family uses
etc.. All of these options would bring about very undesirable outcomes for residential areas.
One of the purposes of the sign ordinance is protect the physical appearance of the
community and reduce visual clutter. It also provides for fair and equitable treatment for all
sign users. To allow portable signs in residential areas would allow a proliferation of sign
clutter in our residential neighborhoods. Churches, non-conforming businesses, meeting
halls would all have some type of signage out on a regular basis. I know this because
portable signs are a constant source of violations and enforcement time. To allow portable
signs in residential areas but not commercial zones would not be logical and would not be
fair to conforming businesses in commercial zones. So do we allow them everywhere?
Imagine the sign clutter that would appear along our major commercial zone streets. I would
point out that even in the few zones where they are allowed they are a continuing source of
violations and require an inordinate amount of time to get compliance.
It also does not seem logical to propose an ordinance that would allow anon-conforming
use more signage. The whole point of the non-conforming use section of the code is to limit
the impact that non-conforming uses have on their surroundings and to not allow expansion
of the use. The expectation and desired effect is that anon-conforming use would eventually
transform into a conforming use.
Recommendation:
The Stars and Stripes Grill has been informed of the signage they can have. They have also,
been given a permit for a special event sign for those activities that are philanthropic events
or fundraisers. What is not allowed is a portable sign advertising daily specials for the Stars
and Stripes Grill. They have options -they can use part of the monument sign as a
changeable copy board or they can put a sign in the window. This same rule applies to every
other restaurant in Iowa City. Amending the sign ordinance to allow advertising signs in
residential zones is not recommended.
cc: Doug Boothroy, Director of Housing and Inspection Services
Bob Miklo, Sr. Planner, Planning and Community Development
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~~!~®~~ CITY OF IOWA CITY
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Date: October 21, 2009
To: City Council
From: Jeff Davidson, Director of Planning and Community Development
Re: Update: Flood-related activities
Staff continues to review Jumpstart applications for disbursing State Jumpstart 2 and State
Jumpstart 3 funding. A total of 65 flood-impacted residential households have been assisted
with State Jumpstart funding and 18 households with Federal Jumpstart funding.
Staff participated in a disaster recovery teleconference on Wednesday, October 21 with staff
from the Iowa Department of Economic Development and the Rebuild Iowa Office.
Staff is still urging FEMA staff to complete the duplication of benefits review so that the HMGP
homeowners can arrange a closing date.
Planning staff have been meeting with other City departments to jointly review the I-Jobs grant
agreement and to begin implementing the Fire Station #4 and the Wastewater Treatment
relocation projects.
Planning and public works staff attended a joint meeting on October 20`h with Coralville and
University of Iowa officials to discuss flood recovery projects in the area.
Planning staff have been working with staff from the Iowa Finance Authority to finalize the I-Jobs
grant agreement for the UniverCity Neighborhood Partnerships program.
The Business Rental Assistance Program continues. We have had 50 applications for
$797,000. To date, checks totaling nearly $692,000 have been distributed to 41 applicants.
Iowa City Fire Department
Fire Safety Compliance Report
July 1, 2009 -September 30, 2009
IP5
Business Name (occupancy] July August Septembe Summary of
Violations Observed
808 Restaurant & Nightclub [176] 1 1 2 09-mop/broom blocking rear exit
Airliner [223] 1 1 2 08-trash blocking rear exit; 09 boxes in rear exit
American Legion [140] 1 No violations observed
1loeshe Restaurant [156] 1 No violations observed
Atlas World Grill [165] 1 1 2 No violations observed
Blackstone [297] 1 No violations observed
Bluebird Diner [82] 1 No violations observed
Bob's Your Uncle [260*] 1 No violations observed
Bo-James [200] 1 1 2 09-light off in rear exit
Bread Garden Market & Bakery [?] 1 No violations observed
(It's] Brothers Bar & Grill [556] 1 1 2 09-patio gate locked
[The] Brown Bottle [289] 1 No violations observed
Buffalo Wild Wings Grill & Bar [18 1 1 09-signage obstructing sprinkler head
Cafe Z [56]
Caliente Night Club [498] 1 No violations observed
Carl & Ernie's Pub & Grill [92] 1 No violations observed
Carlos O'Kelly's [299] 1 No violations observed
Chefs Table [162] 1 No violations observed
Chipotle Mexican Grill [119] 1 No violations observed
[The] Club Car [56] 1 1 No violations observed
Club I~urria [280] 1 No violations observed
Colonial Lanes [502] 1 No violations observed
llave's Foxhead Tavern [87] 1 1 No violations observed
David's Place [73] 1 1 1 No violations observed
DC's [120] 1 1 2 09-trash in rear exit; 09-keg/boxes in rear exit
[Thcl Deadwood [218] 1 1 2 No violations observed
Devotay [45] 1 No violations observed
Donnelly's Pub [49] 1 1 2 No violations observed
(1'he] Dublin Underground [57] 1 1 2 No violations observed
iFraternal Order of] Eagle's [315] 1 1 1 No violations observed -•
El Dorado Mexican Restaurant [104] 1 No violations observed `
[BPO] Elks #590 [205] 1 No violations observed "`~"
El Ranchero Mexican Restaurant [1 1 No violations observed ~ -,-~
Englert Theatre [838] 1 No violations observed : _ ~ -
-
Etc [178] 1 1 2 No violations observed `~
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Farras [200] 1 No violations observed _ ...-
[The] Fieldhouse (aka Third Base) [ 1 1 2 No violations observed
Firewater [114] 1 1 2 No violations observed
Formosa Asian Cuisine [149] 1 No violations observed
George's Buffet [75] 1 09-front exit diminished by speaker/table
Givanni's [158] 1 No violations observed
Godfather's Pizza [170] 1 No violations observed
Graze [49] 1 No violations observed
Grizzly's South Side Pub [265] 1 No violations observed
Hawkeye Hideaway [96] 1 2 09-patio gate needs repair
Business Name (occupancy] July August Septembe Summary of
Violations Observed
Guido's Deli [20] 1 No violations observed
~Thc] Hilltop Lounge [90] 1 No violations observed
IC Ugly's [72] 1 1 1 No violations observed
India Cafe [100] 1 No violations observed
[The] Industry [436] 1 No violations observed
Jimmy Jack's Rib Shack [71] 1 No violations observed
Joe's Place [281] 1 1 2 No violations observed
Joseph's Steak House [226] 1 No violations observed
Kandy Land [120] 1 No violations observed
Kamodo Klub [144] 1 09-rear exit sign in need of replacement
L a Reyna 1 No violations observed
Linn Street Cafe [80] 1 No violations observed
Los Cocos [99] 1 No violations observed
Los Portales [161] 1 No violations observed
Martini's [200] 1 1 1 09-rear exit blocked by table/chairs
Masala [46] 1 No violations observed
Mekong [89] 1 No violations observed
Micky's [98] 1 1 1 No violations observed
J"I'he] Mill Restaurant [325] 1 1 1 No violations observed
[Loyal Order ofJ Moose [476] 1 No violations observed
Monica's Italian Bistro & Pizzeria [160] 1 No violations observed
[Sheraton] Morgan's [231] 1 No violations observed
Motley Cow Cafe [82] 1 No violations observed
Okoboji Grill [222] 1 1 No violations observed
Old Capitol Brew Works [87] 1 1 2 No violations observed
One-Eyed Jake's [299] 1 1 2 08-trash in rear exit
One-Twenty-Six [105] 1 09-rear exit diminished by wood
Oyama Sushi Japanese Restaurant [87] 1 No violations observed
Pagliai s Pizza [113] 1 No violations observed
Panchero's (Clinton St) [62] 1 No violations observed
Panchero's Grill (Riverside Dr) [95] 1 No violations observed
Piano Lounge [65] 1 1 1 No violations observed
[T'he] Picador [261] 1 1 1 09-storage under rear stairs
Pints [180] 1 1 2 09-rear exit signage compromised
Pit Smokehouse [40] 1 1 No violations observed
Pizza Hut [116] 1 No violations observed
Quality Inn/Highlander [971] 1 No violations observed
Quinton's Bar & Deli [149]
1
1
1 _
No violations observed
[The] Red Avocado [47] 1 No violations observed
Rick's Grille & Spirits [120] 1 1 No violations observed - ~ ~ y
Riverside Theatre [118] No violations observed ~'"
Saloon [120] 1 1 2 No violations observed
Sam's Pizza [174] 1 1 1 No violations observed
["I'he] Sanctuary Restaurant [132] 1 1 2 No violations observed
Shakespeare's [90] 1 No violations observed
Short's Burger & Shine [56] 1 1 2 No violations observed
Sports Column [400] 1 1 2 09-trash in rear exit; exit sign in need of repair
Studio 13 [206] 1 1 2 No violations observed
[The] Summit [736] 1 1 2 08-rear exit blocked by cart/dishes; 09-rear exit diminished by
kitchen equipment
Business Name (occupancy] July August Septembe Summary of
Violations Observed
Sushi Popo [84] 1 No violations observed
Takanami Restaurant [148] 1 No violations observed
TCB [250] 1 1 2 08-rear exit diminished by floor buffer
Thai Flavors [60] 1 No violations observed
"Thai Spice [91] 1 No violations observed
"1~. Spoons [102] 1 1 No violations observed
Union Bar [854] 1 1 2 No violations observed
VF`s' Post #3949 [197] 1 1 No violations observed
['The] Vine Tavern [170] 1 1 2 No violations observed
Vito's [320] 1 1 2 09-rear exit diminished by tables/chairs
Wig & Pen Pizza Pub [154] 1 No violations observed
[Iowa Cit<~] Yacht Club [206] 1 1 2 No violations observed
lio )ohno's Spaghetti House [94] 1 No violations observed
%'Mariks Noodle House [47] 1 No violations observed
Monthly Totals:
Third Quarter Total: 65
217 51 101
*includes oa~tdoor seating area
NOTE--Inspection items reviewed during compliance checks includes:
Occupant Load/Overcrowding
Means of Egress/Exits
Fire Alarm/Detection Equipment
Fire Extinguishing Equipment
Emergency Lighting
10-22-09
IP6 I
Marian Karr
From: Gina Peters [gina.peters@ecicog.org]
Sent: Thursday, October 15, 2009 11:35 AM
Cc: Adam Lindenlaub (E-mail); Administrator Ryan Heiar (E-mail); Andy Johnson (E-mail); 'B.
Pearson (E-mail)'; Barbara Beaumont (E-mail); Becky Shoop (E-mail); Bernita Rozinek (E-
mail); Carol Spaziani (E-mail); Casie Kadlec (E-mail); Chad (E-mail); Christine Taliga (E-mail);
Marian Karr; City Clerk Nancy Beuter (E-mail); City Clerk Susie Siddell (E-mail); City Clerk
Tawnia Kakacek (E-mail); City of Ely (E-mail); Jan Every (E-mail); Janelle Rettig (E-mail);
John Yapp; Kelly Hayworth (E-mail)
Subject: Public Leadership Group Meeting Rescheduled - 10/29/09
Importance: High
Attachments: October09 Tentative Agenda.doc
The meeting of the Johnson/Linn County Public Leadership Group has been rescheduled for Thursday, October
29, 2009, at 4:30 p.m., at the South Slope facilities in North Liberty (note change of location).
A tentative agenda is attached.
Douglas D. Elliott
Executive Director
ECICOG
700 16th Street NE, Suite 301
Cedar Rapids, Iowa 52402
319.365.9941, ext. 122
319.365-9981 (fax)
www.ecicog.or~
10/15/2009
TENTATIVE
Agenda
Johnson/Linn County Public Leadership Group
South Slope
980 North Front Street
North Liberty, Iowa
Thursday, October 29, 2009
4:30 p.m.
INFORMAL MEETING
Work Session
1. Call to order - 4:30 p.m.
2. Welcome and Introductions
Terrence Neuzil, Chairperson -Johnson County Board of Supervisors
Lu Barron, Chairperson -Linn County Board of Supervisors
3. Local Foods Systems
Iowa Valley RC&D Update -Peter Hoehnle
Local Foods Tour Day Followup -Gina Johnson, ECICOG
4. Presentation on Single Family New Construction Programs
Kristine Chiafos, ECICOG
Tracey Achenbach, HTFJC
5. Legislative Priorities/Issues
6. Adjournment
Time to meet with legislators informally and enjoy
refreshments is provided from 4:00 to 4:30. A formal
program follows, which allows legislators the
opportunity to give their views on the upcoming
session and includes time for questions and answers.
City and county officials and members of the general
public are encouraged to attend. Please feel free to
forward this invitation to others.
This cvcn~ i~ c®~p®n~®rcd by ECICOG, ~hc I®w~ Lc~guc ®t
Civics, ~hc I®w~ S~~~c A~®ci~~i®n ®t C®un~ics,
end ~hc City ®t C®r~lvillc.
2008 Legislative Open House
Iowa City Fire Station #4
GROUND BREAKING CEREMONY
You are cordially invited
to attend the
Ground Breaking Ceremony for
Iowa City s Fire Station #4
2008 Dubuque Road
Wednesday, October 28, 2009
at 11:1 S a.m.
,. ,,
Please join us for remarks from Governor Chet Culver, Mayor Regenia
D. Bailey, and Fire Chief Andy Rocca as we mark this exciting occasion.
All are welcome to attend and
refreshments will be served.
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For more information, please contact the
Iowa City Fire Department
319-356-5260
IP8
Fire Station #4 will provide faster response times to the growing
northeast side of Iowa City. This project has been made possible with
financial support through the Culver Judge I JOBS program.
Parking on signed area of Dubuque Rd.
IP9
MINUTES APPROVED
CITY COUNCIL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT COMMITTEE
SEPTEMBER 15, 2009
LOBBY CONFERENCE ROOM, 8:00 A.M.
Members Present: Regenia Bailey, Connie Champion, Matt Hayek
Staff Present: Wendy Ford, Tracy Hightshoe, Jeff Davidson
Others Present: Ann Ashby, Lorenz 2.0 Owner; Joe Raso, ICAD
RECOMMENDATIONS TO COUNCIL:
CALL MEETING TO ORDER:
The meeting was called to order by Chairperson Bailey at 8:00 A.M.
CONSIDER APPROVAL OF THE MINUTES OF THE JULY 30, 2009 ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT COMMITTEE MEETING:
Champion moved to accept the July 30, 2009 meeting minutes as submitted.
Hayek seconded the motion.
Carried 3-0.
DISCUSSION OF A CDBG ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT FUND APPLICATION FOR
LORENZ 2.0:
Hayek recused himself from this discussion and left the meeting room due to a conflict of
interest. Hightshoe explained the Lorenz 2.0 business proposal to Members. Lorenz
2.0 is proposed to be a fashionable shoe store, geared toward the college-age and
younger adult market. Hightshoe noted that the owner has previous business
experience in this area. Staffs recommendation is to loan up to $15,000 for working
capital with a maximum term of 7 years at 1 % interest. Champion stated that this could
possibly be a successful business. However, she questioned the lack of the owners'
investment of any cash of her own in the venture. She stated that she believes the
owner should have some money of her own in the business, that she should carry the
risk in this venture -not the City. Champion added that she does agree with staffs
recommendation at this point. Bailey said that she agrees with Champion's statements.
Ann Ashby, the owner, noted that she probably could secure more funding. She stated
that she believes this venture will be successful, and that the family name will have an
impact as they have been in the community since 1919. Bailey noted that she believes
this will be a good addition to the downtown, but she agreed with Champion's statement.
Hightshoe noted that if the owner can secure additional funding on her own, she would
need to submit an updated business plan with projections, in order to reconsider this
application.
The discussion continued with Members noting that securing more funding would be
their suggestion at this time. The owner asked what she needs to do in order to get
things rolling so she can open for business in October. It was noted that once
something is secured and the revised application is received, the Economic
Development Committee will call a special meeting to deal with this issue. Ford
Economic Development Committee Meeting
September 15, 2009
discussed the timeline needed to get this through the City Council in order for Ashby to
have an answer as soon as possible.
DISCUSSION OF FUNDING REQUEST FROM ENTREPRENEURIAL DEVELOPMENT
CENTER. INC. (EDC):
Ford noted that Members have a letter in their packet from the Entrepreneurial
Development Center (EDC) in Cedar Rapids. She noted that about a year and a half
ago they approached the City Manager's office with a request for $15,000 in funding. At
that time, the Economic Development Committee decided to forego any decisions until
they knew more about the organization. Ford added that they had not heard anything
further from this organization until recently, when Chuck Stein wrote a letter of request
for $20,000 in funding support, as part of their Vitality 2014 fundraising campaign. Upon
researching other area contributors to EDC, Ford noted that ICAD recently committed to
$7,500 with the stipulation that EDC meet certain performance measures. She also
noted that the Iowa City Area Chamber has opted not to fund EDC and that the City of
Cedar Rapids recently started funding EDC with a commitment of $100,000 per year for
five years. Ford stated that staff recommends they again table this consideration for
now in order to see how EDC performs under ICAD's metrics in the coming year.
Bailey and Champion both stated that they agree with staffs recommendation. Bailey
asked Hayek what his thoughts are. Hayek stated that he agrees with the
recommendation by staff. He noted that ICAD's involvement with EDC will give them a
better picture of this organization.
CITY COUNCIL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT COMMITTEE STRATEGIES AND
POLICIES:
A. REVIEW OF 2007-2008 FINAL REPORT -Ford noted that Members have a
copy of this final report in their packet. She added that it serves as a good
review and a benchmarking tool for review of the objectives in preparation for an
updated 2009-2010 document.
B. CONSIDER UPDATES FOR 2009-2010 -Ford noted that Members have a copy
of this in their packets, as well. She stated that she believes they should review
the policies and mainly focus on the objectives, to see if those still stand as the
objectives for this Committee. Bailey asked Members to give their thoughts.
Hayek noted that the six policies are broad and all-encompassing, as well as
thoughtful. He asked if staff could come up with anything that they feel should be
on this list. Davidson noted that they come at it from a different perspective than
the Committee. He noted that the main purpose of reviewing this is to make sure
they don't need to make adjustments to the policies and objectives, given the
economic landscape of the past few years. Bailey noted that she is comfortable
with the broad direction they are following. Hayek and Champion both agreed
with this, as well. Davidson noted that if Members feel there is anything lacking
in these policies and objectives to let staff know. The discussion continued, with
Members discussing their thoughts on the direction that staff takes. Ford and
Hightshoe then spoke about a grant the City has applied for through the Small
Business Administration that they could focus on the City's southeast side, to
help entrepreneurial ventures get started with various training.
The discussion turned to perceptions by others in the area regarding the
problems in the southeast side. Joe noted that some employers have told him
Economic Development Committee Meeting
September 15, 2009
that they have employees who walk to work, and they are now questioning their
safety, due to these problems. He noted that employers who are attempting to
recruit employees have stated that recruits are even questioning safety in this
area. Ford added that a commercial landlord in the southeast side has stated
they are having trouble getting tenants to renew their leases due to the crime in
the parking lot. Members noted that the community has the expectation that this
type of thing, the crime, will not happen here.
Members continued to discuss the policies and objectives they have been
following. Ford suggested a change to the fourth objective, noting that having
something more specific here would be helpful for staff. Suggestions were
discussed at some length by Members. Ford stated that they can further review
this at their next meeting.
COMMITTEE TIME:
None.
STAFF TIME:
Hightshoe spoke about some of the other requests they have received, and the fact that
they have been so busy with flood-related matters.
Ford stated that she had a few updates for Members. Regarding the Downtown
Incubator project, this was funded by the EDA for a feasibility study, and they should be
receiving proposals this week. Currently they are in the middle of distributing Business
Rental Assistance Program checks for the businesses that pay rent in formerly flood
damaged commercial property. Ford noted that they are working with a consultant to
recommend improvements to the North Side Market Place area, between Market Street
and the alley, or up to Bloomington Street. Ford also spoke about the ICAD shovel-
ready initiative, adding that it is well underway now. Also, according to Ford, the
Towncrest redevelopment idea has been coming together with various options being
created conceptually. She stated that there will be another public meeting soon to
reveal these ideas and get feedback.
ADJOURNMENT:
Champion moved to adjourn the meeting at 9:08 A.M.
Hayek seconded the motion.
Carried 3-0.
Economic Development Committee Meeting
September 15, 2009
Council Economic Development Committee
ATTENDANCE RECORD
2009
TERM ~ cn rn ~ .i cfl
NAME
EXP• N
o N
~ j
cn N
~ W
o j
cn
Regenia 01/02/10 X X X O/E X X
Baile
Matt 01/02/10 X X X X X X
Ha ek
Connie 01/02/10 X X X X X X
Cham ion
Key:
X =Present
O =Absent
O/E = Absent/Excused
IP10
MINUTES PRELIMINARY
HISTORIC PRESERVATION COMMISSION
OCTOBER 8, 2009
EMMA J. HARVAT HALL
MEMBERS PRESENT: Esther Baker, Thomas Baldridge, Lindsay Bunting Eubanks, David McMahon,
Jim Ponto, Dana Thomann, Frank Wagner
MEMBERS ABSENT: William Downing, Pam Michaud, Ginalie Swaim, Alicia Trimble
STAFF PRESENT: Christina Kuecker
OTHERS PRESENT: Mike Lange, Andy Martin, Lynette Seigley, Lynn Zimba
RECOMMENDATIONS TO COUNCIL: (become effective only after separate Council action):
None.
CALL TO ORDER:
Chairperson Bunting Eubanks called the meeting to order a 6:00 p.m. She welcomed Thomann as the
newest member of the Commission.
PUBLIC DISCUSSION OF ANYTHING NOT ON THE AGENDA:
There was none.
CONSENT AGENDA:
Certificates of Appropriateness:
Kuecker said she grouped together the projects that meet all the conditions of the guidelines.
818 North Linn Street.
Kuecker said this project involves a window replacement, and she showed a photograph of the two
windows to be replaced. She said they are being replaced with metal-clad wood windows of the same
dimension and appearance.
Martin, the contractor for this project, said that he would be replacing the trim to match as well.
221 Fairchild Street.
Kuecker stated that this project also involves a window replacement. She said the owner is finishing the
attic, and the attic windows have never been properly maintained and have deteriorated. Kuecker said
the owner is replacing the windows on three sides of the attic with double hung windows, one as a fixed
window and casement windows for egress on the back of the house to minimize the appearance from the
street. She added that the windows will be metal-clad wood windows.
613 Grant Street.
Kuecker said this project is for a chimney demolition, window replacement, and new window wells. She
said the chimney is hardly visible from the street, is non-functional, and is in a state of decay. Kuecker
said the window replacement is for basement windows that will be metal-clad wood windows of a similar
type to what is existing and are not likely to be seen from the street. She stated that the window wells will
be around those windows and will be made of landscape block.
Kuecker said staff is recommending approval of all three of these applications as submitted.
HISTORIC PRESERVATION COMMISSION
October 8, 2009
Page 2 of 4
Ponto moved to approve certificates of appropriateness for the three applications on the consent
agenda as submitted. McMahon seconded the motion.
The motion carried on a vote of 7-0.
Certificates of Appropriateness:
816 Roosevelt Street.
Kuecker said this application is for the demolition of a garage and the construction of a new garage on the
same site. She showed a photograph of the existing garage and plans for the new garage.
Kuecker said this would be a 16' by 24' garage, and the siding will be fiber cement board with a reveal to
match the house. She said the roof will be asphalt shingles.
Kuecker said the guidelines state that decisions to demolish outbuildings are to be made on a case-by-
case basis, taking into account the condition, integrity and architectural significance. She said this new
garage is designed to be compatible with the house and the neighborhood. Kuecker said the existing
garage is deteriorated and not functional for amodern-sized car. She said the new garage will have a
minimal impact on the integrity of the property and street.
Kuecker said she recommends approval as submitted, with the conditions that the window, garage door,
and entry door specifications be subject to staff approval; and the window and door trim match the trim on
the house.
Baldridge moved to approve a certificate of appropriateness for the application for 816 Roosevelt
Street as submitted, with the conditions that the window, garage door, and entry door
specifications be subject to staff approval; and the window and door trim match the trim on the
house. McMahon seconded the motion.
The motion carried on a vote of 7-t).
629 Ronalds Street.
Kuecker said this application is for the demolition of a garage. She said the house is anon-contributing
property in the Brown Street Historic District. Kuecker said the house was moved to this site in the 1920s,
and asecond-story addition was constructed in the 1990s, making the house non-contributing.
Kuecker said the outbuilding is in pretty bad shape. She said it is on the alley, so its demolition would not
disrupt the street rhythm. Kuecker said the Commission needs to consider the condition, integrity, and
architectural significance of the building.
Kuecker said she checked the 1933 Sanborn map, and there was a garage in this location at that time,
but it was oriented the opposite direction on the site. She said this garage therefore was likely built after
1933. Kuecker said that in staff's opinion, because the garage is in such bad condition and the safety is
questionable, staff is recommending approval of the application as submitted.
Wagner moved to approve a certificate of appropriateness for the application for the demolition of
a garage at 629 Ronalds Street. Baker seconded the motion.
The motion carried on a vote of 7-t).
HISTORIC PRESERVATION COMMISSION
October 8, 2009
Page 3 of 4
CONSIDERATION OF MINUTES FOR SEPTEMBER 10. 2009.
Baldridge moved to approve the minutes of the Commission's September 10, 2009 meeting, as
written. McMahon seconded the motion.
The motion carried on a vote of 7-0.
OTHER:
Kuecker said there were nominations for historic preservation awards from the Johnson County Historic
Preservation Commission. She said that Commission submitted two properties for consideration - a barn
and a building that was the old general store in Swisher. There were no objections to awards for the two
properties.
Bunting Eubanks said the Awards Ceremony will be held November 2 at 5:30 p.m. Kuecker said she
would send out reminder notices.
Kuecker discussed the September 23'd ECO Iowa City presentation about Making Older Homes Energy
Efficient. She said there was discussion about small-scale things that can be done to make a house
more energy efficient.
ADJOURNMENT:
The meeting was adjourned at 7:14 p.m.
Minutes submitted by Anne Schulte
HISTORIC PRESERVATION COMMISSION
ATTENDANCE RECORD
2009
NAME TERM
EXP. 1/08 2/13 3/12 4/13 5/14 5/28 6/11 7/9 8/13 9/10 10/8
BALDRIDGE, THOMAS 3/29/11 X O/E X X X X X X X X X
BAKER, ESTHER 3/29/12 X X X O/E X X X O/E X O/E X
DOWNING, WILL 3/29/10 X X X X X X X X O/E X O/E
EUBANKS, LINDSAY 3/29/11 X X X X X X X X X X X
HIRSCHMAN, CARL 3/29/11 -- -- X O/E X X -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
McMAHON, DAVID 3/29/11 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- X X X X
MICHAUD, PAM 3/29/12 X X O/E X X O/E O/E O/E X X O
PONTO, JAMES 3/29/10 X X X X X X O/E X X X X
SWAIM, GINALIE 3/29/12 X X X O/E O/E X O/E X X X O/E
THOMANN, DANA 3/29/11 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- X
TRIMBLE, ALICIA 3/29/10 X X X X X X X X X X O/E
WAGNER, FRANK 3/29/12 X X X X X O/E X O/E X X X
KEY: X =Present
O =Absent
O/E = Absent/Excused
NM = No meeting/No Quorum
--- = Not a Member
~u-~~-uy
IP11
IOWA CITY TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION DRAFT
MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 28, 2009--5:30 P.M.
CITY CABLE TV OFFICE, 10 S. LINN ST.-TOWER PLACE PARKING FACILITY
MEMBERS PRESENT: Laura Bergus, Hans Hoerschehnan, Gary Hagen, Robert Kemp,
Saul Mekies
MEMBERS ABSENT:
STAFF PRESENT: Mike Brau, Bob Hardy
OTHERS PRESENT: Josh Goding, Beth Fisher, Michael McBride, Kevin Hoyland,
Susan Rogusky
RECOMMENDATIONS TO CITY COUNCIL
The Commission recommended that the City Council approve the contract with PATV.
SUMMARY OF DISCUSSION
The Commission voted unanimously to recommend to the City Council that they approve the
contract with PATV. Kemp asked what the rational was for increasing the requirement that
PATV commit 40% of their programming hours to community programming. Hardy said there
was an interest in seeing more community programming produced or promoted by PATV. Hardy
said that based on discussions with Bergus and Hoerschelman and the local access channels he
entered into discussions with Mediacom regarding moving some of the local access channels to
the digital tier. Hardy said the City's interactive channel 5, Kirkwood channel 11, the University
of Iowa, 17 and the schools, 21,would be moved to the digital tier. Anyone with a digital
television or a digital to analog converter will be able to receive the channels. Mediacom would
provide a digital to analog convert box free until February 2012 when Mediacom goes to all
digital transmission. Other items being negotiated include annual engineering reviews of the
local access channelsand free DOCSIS 3.0 for the local access channels. The agreement would
last for 10 years. Discussions also involve getting new digital modulators/encoders for each
channel, specifics regarding the amount of capacity that will be available for streaming video and
copyright clearances for music. 28 hours of programming would be available for video on
demand. Mediacom would be responsible for a media campaign to inform consumers of the
changes. It is believed that having DOCSIS 3.0 would enhance the city's ability to attract high
tech start up companies.
APPROVAL OF MINUTES
Bergus moved and Hagen seconded a motion to approve the amended August 24, 2009 minutes.
The motion passed unanimously.
ANNOUNCEMENTS OF COMMISSIONERS
Hagen said the support demonstrated for PATV in the public hearing was quite impressive.
Hoerschelman noted an article in the meeting packet about the federal government's efforts to
map broadband access and said that Iowa is listed as using Connected Nation, which is
composed of telecommunications and cable companies. This is tantamount to the fox watching
the hen house and said he had hoped the University of Iowa might have bid for the project.
SHORT PUBLIC ANNOUNCEMENTS
None.
CONSUMER ISSUES
Hardy referred to the complaint report in the meeting packet. Hoerschelman said he received a
comment from a subscriber that there were a number of religious channels added and that they
might have been offered as a tier of programming like the sports tier. Mekies said the placement
of channels has been raised by the Commission in the past. Some adult-oriented channels are
adjacent to those geared to children. While the Commission doesn't have any legal authority to
control this and Mediacom is forced to purchase a package of channels from programmers, it is
important that the concerns of the Commission be expressed.
MEDIACOM REPORT
No representative was present.
UNIVERSITY OF IOWA REPORT
McBride reported that the University channel will be dropping the foreign language news
program SCOLA October 1. The program had been purchased with student fees and research
has shown that students did not watch the program and got their foreign language news from the
Internet. The homecoming parade will be recorded.
KIRKWOOD COMMUNITY COLLEGE
No representative was present.
PATV REPORT
Goding reported that PATV will hold their chili cook-off fundraiser at Old Brick, Oct. 8 form 6-
9 p.m. Forty local restaurants have been asked to if they would like to participate. The event
will be covered live. Local nonprofit organizations will be invited to distribute information.
PATV hosted a delegation from CIVIC that lead to a program with I2 African women discussing
their activities working for women's rights. New programs include a town hall health care
meeting with Dave Loebsack, the classy chassis care convention, events from the Land Locked
Film Festival, a panel on the Iowa film incentives program, Prairie Lights readings, a cooking
program from New Pi, and a program featuring the Iowa City Ballet Company. Anew series
with Jean Lloyd Jones interviewing elected officials will start October 5. The next board
meeting will be October 15 and the next guidelines workshop will be Oct. 4 at 2 p.m. PATV is
considering offering workshops in the schools and other locations outside of PATV's facilities to
enhance their outreach efforts.
SENIOR CENTER REPORT
Rogusky reported SCTV taped the installation of an innovative feedlot water filtration system.
The footage will be used by the developer of the process to instruct 4H participants on how to
install the system. SCTV recorded the series of public forums on the Senior Center. Segments
from the forums will be used as short commercial length episodes. A program on the Medicare
Part D sign up process will be recorded soon.
LIBRARY REPORT
Fisher reported that Banned Books Week is this week. In September, 16 programs were shot and
4 Community Television Service (CTS) programs were shot in the library. In October 18,
programs will be shot and at least 4 CTS programs will be shot in the library. The library will be
cablecasting local history programs shot by the City Channel for the Johnson County Historical
Society.
IOWA CITY COMMUNITY SCHOOL DISTRICT REPORT
Hoyland reported the school channel has been cablecasting a candidate forum they taped and one
taped by the Community Television Service. New programs include the Northwest Junior High
Jazz Band performance at the Jazz Fest and the most recent District Parents Organization
meeting. Hoerschelman asked if there was any news about the schools hiring any staff to assist
with the channel. Hoyland said has no knowledge of any plans to hire anyone and that it is
expected that an additional $2 million will be cut from next year's budget. Hoerschelman asked
if there were any volunteer organizations that might provide content for the channel. Hoyland
said efforts have been made to get student-produced programs from the City High and West
High video production classes on the channel but much of the content and/or use of copyrighted
materials often make them unsuitable for the channel. The schools have been working with
PATV. A parent at City High tapes the music concerts. The City of Coralville works with West
High to record a number of programs. Hoyland said the schools are open to any suggestions of
people or groups the schools could work with. Bergus asked if the schools would like the West
High football games that are taped by North Liberty. Hoyland said he would inquire of his
supervisors but in the past they have not cablecast them due to a concern of fairness with respect
to City High. Mekies said the school channel seems to suffer from a lack of leadership at the
top. Letters from the Commission went unanswered. There was discussion of the Commission
providing grants to teachers work with students to produce programs. Mekies said he talked with
a City High teacher who was willing to work with students for a fairly small amount of money.
CITY CHANNEL REPORT
Hardy reported that the Community Television Service recently completed the 18 years of taping
the Friday Night Concert Series. A program for the Johnson County Livable Communities was
recently recorded. Futwe programs include a candle light vigil held by the National Association
for the Mentally Ill, and a city council candidate forum sponsored by FAIR! The Media Unit
will be recording the Meet the Candidate program. A school board candidate forum was
produced in August. A city council candidate forum will be recorded in October. Work
continues on a program for the hazardous waste mitigation program. The Human Rights
Commission sponsored a program on the Mayors Youth Employment Program. The Human
Rights Award Breakfast will be recorded as will a program on public accommodation. A
program on fire safety is also planned. An online tutorial for the Section 8 housing program is
being developed for the Housing Department. The Community Voice program is developing a
new program called "Focus on the City" which will feature discussions with department heads.
The next IC People will feature photographer Sandy Dyas. The next Mayors Notable Nonprofit
will feature the Crisis Center. Hardy said there was an allegation on a local radio station that the
last City Council meeting was edited. In fact, a break in the meeting was edited out, as are all
breaks. The recording was later modified to make it perfectly clear that there was a break.
Hardy said that a copy of the Commission's annual report was distributed at the meeting and said
he had to finish it and get it in prior to the meeting.
PATV CONTRACT
Hardy said the PATV contract is on the city council agenda for tomorrow. Kemp asked what the
rational was for increasing the requirement that PATV commit 40% of their programming hours
to community programming. Hardy said there was an interest in seeing more community
programming produced or promoted by PATV. Hcerschelman moved to recommend to the City
Council that they approve the contract with PATV. Bergus seconded the motion. The motion
passed unanimously.
ACCESS CHANNELS AND THE DIGITAL TRANSITION
Hardy said that based on discussions with Bergus and Hoerschelman and the local access
channels he entered into discussions with Mediacom regarding moving some of the local access
channels to the digital tier. Hardy said the City's interactive channel 5, Kirkwood channel 11,
the University of Iowa, 17 and the schools, 21 would be moved to the digital tier. Anyone with a
digital television or a digital to analog converter will be able to receive the channels. Mediacom
would provide a digital to analog convert box free until February 2012 when Mediacom goes to
all digital transmission. Other items being negotiated include annual engineering reviews of the
local access channels and free DOCSIS 3.0 for the local access channels. The agreement would
last for 10 years. Discussions also involve getting new digital modulators/encoders for each
channel, specifics regarding the amount of capacity that will be available for streaming video and
copyright clearances for music. 28 hours of programming would be available for video on
demand. Mediacom would be responsible for a media campaign to inform consumers of the
changes. It is believed that having DOCSIS 3.0 would enhance the city's ability to attract high
tech start up companies. Hoerschelman asked about high definition transmissions for the access
channels. Hardy said it is very expensive to produce programs in high definition. McBride said
the University channel looked into high definition and determined it would take four times as
much storage capacity. Bergus said North Liberty's local access channel is in high definition.
Bergus said video on demand could be in high definition and that needs to be looked into.
TRIENNIAL REVIEW
Hardy said he is continuing to look at service issues, including the cable operator's commitment
to local service representation.
ADJOURNMENT
Kemp moved and Bergus seconded a motion to adjourn. The motion passed unanimously.
Adjournment was at 7:00 p.m.
Respectfully submitted,
dl~~-4 ~
Michael Brau
Cable TV Administrative Aide
Iowa Citv Municipal Airport
The Iowa City Municipal Airport exists on nearly 400 acres of land located approximately 1 mile southwest
of downtown Iowa City.
As one of Iowa's largest and busiest General Aviation airports, Iowa City Municipal houses 84 aircraft and
has traffic operations of 36,000. The Iowa City Municipal Airport has a full service fixed-base operator, a
fixed wing and helicopter flight schools, and a rental car agency on field to assist incoming pilots and the
general public. The Airport is also home to the University of Iowa Operator Performance Lab which
employs 7 staff and 5 student researchers. The Airport facilities include 59 Tee-hangars, 4 small corporate
hangars, 1 maintenance hangar, and 1 corporate hangar building
The Iowa City Municipal Airport is managed by the 5-member Airport Commission appointed by the City
Council. The Iowa City Municipal Airport Commission is responsible for financial operations, hiring staff
and consultants, formulating policy and directing administration of the Iowa City Municipal Airport as a
public facility in accordance with local, Iowa Department of Transportation and Federal Aviation
Administration regulations.
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Facts and Figures
Economic Impact:
Iowa City Municipal Airport contributes 115 jobs and $11.2 million in annual economic activity.
(Source: 2009 Economic Impact Report-Iowa DOT)
Activity Supports: University of Iowa, Lear Corporation, Hertz, Enterprise, ITC Midwest, Family
Video, Hy-Vee, Blue Cross & Blue Shield of Iowa, Kum & Go, and many others. Medical flights
in organ and tissue flights, patient transportation, and emergency flight refueling continues to
increase. The Iowa City Airport is a regular overnight stop for tourists and business travelers. The
Airport also contributes the recreation and private business of our citizens and tenants.
Community Events:
The Iowa City Municipal Airport annual hosts the Iowa City SERTOMA Club for aFly-In
Breakfast fundraiser each August.
The Midwest's largest radio controlled aircraft swap meet occurs at the Iowa City Municipal
Airport each January. Previous attendees traveled from as far away as Ohio and Kentucky.
Airport Budget
The Iowa City Municipal Airport maintains an operating budget of approximately $400,000. The
City of Iowa City annually contributes between $100,000 - $120,000.
The Iowa City Municipal Airport maintains a healthy capital improvement plan with both the State
Aviation and Federal Aviation officials. In 2009, the Iowa City Airport was awarded over $4.1
million dollars in grant proceeds for projects at the Iowa City Municipal Airport ranging from
runway reconstruction to building improvements. The local match on these projects range from
5% for federally funded projects to 50% for state funded projects
Over the past 5 years, The Airport has sold approximately $2 million worth of land in the Airport
Commerce Park and returned the land to the taxable land rolls. We have additionally sold one
piece of land off the airfield, which returned $440,000 to the tax rolls. The Airport utilizes land
leases, agriculture leases, building leases, hanger rents, and a fuel flowage fee to fund the
remainder of the general operating budget.
Future Airport Plans
Airport Contacts:
Please do not hesitate to contact us with additional questions or to arrange a tour
Iowa City Airport Commission:
Janelle Rettig Chair Email: janellerettig~a~aol.com Phone: (319) 330-0916
Howard Horan, Secretary Email: hhoran(a~msn.com Phone: (319) 530-3686
John Staley Email: john-staley~a~uiowa.edu Phone: (319) 356-2681
Minnetta Gardinier Email: m.gardinier(a~gmail.com Phone: (319) 331-6235
Greg Farris Email: gre~.t.farris(a~gmail.com Phone: (319) 621-0664
Airport Staff
Michael Tharp CM, Operations Specialist
1801 S Riverside Dr
Iowa City, IA 52246
Phone: 319 356 5045
Email: Michael-TharR(a),iowa-city.org
Airport Internet and Social Networks
Website: http://ic og v.org/airport
Webcam: http://www.ic og v.org/default/apps/airport/webcam.asp
Facebook http://www.facebookcom/ICAirport
Twitter: http://twitter.com/ICAirport
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.rrrtt'rx r•ex~ard~~'e°~ti• ~eJ!!e}e°ra rr,~~ ~~r°r_~rrrrr frxr.~s~rrrf;zr rrrrrral,crs crrrrrrrrrrrrrie•rjraarr drrrfrr'a,r~{~rrrc•rrr_s rr, rrrc• ufr-f,rar-d, rrrc-frrrPrarrr dlae' c'rraaadr-rra°drr~ra
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l~Sr'. 4lr,rare°rrdrrrrr ~~arrrrrrarrr~c! far ,Jar}? arrL'ar•L' jr~rraa ~'era,•rr ~1'r"di''w rrrrj2r)r't sx'}rrra d~~rrrre~:r!<°rrrrr-c•re°cr rd.~ .,~~°r~'rr•r' dc, fr„a~ra ~'rd~' rra r ~+i S+.:•If1e'r•
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,^Ira~aarr•d c'rrrrrrrrrr~'.+° dra a°~~v a'• •~'~ s4 ~;~a~'rrlFrsr~ rr+°rdrdrrrrr 7~,fir~rrr,~arro-~• erraa~' fr lear~a' t'rrr~ra~r°ard°c~ lr~rrr,~}rrr•.afrr•rrL,-J cati~c•r• rrrc° 1~rc~1aJ r,rrc'€• crr'a~rr~xic'rf
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13a1t{~s°in'a l~ercl,~~eft~J ~~°aw ryaat anly° a fit~st fir rlr~° tr~~ti°raa it
rvat~ cyrte. ~I dl~,c tired iir~l~r~~ tli~lwt~ ir7 11~a ~,rtire ~drYt~. Ju~~
ry~r~t~t13~ cr~rki~r, in 1~'La~~, :~n antcr}~r~iar~ ~~i~tan~ brrll~araaii~d
tterrr~i~r.l rte Hr,a~rnrrn hart ~;ral:rbeil dlic ~.~~'~.d~d `"fired tli;~ht°,
s~rc}r ira i~~a•a ry~°i~~rdiur~ hi~rc~ry ba° ~ai.li~tra~ ~ little; It~sn~~-
l~rrild art~r7rr~l~rnc d~% r, Item}~t ref` 1 {} I`e~;t ~~°cr a g~c~lf`~~ue~.~;.
~~°~~;~ i~sf liarrlia,~,dc~n, frr JurtL. Grt~~nc I/Iy°, ;°~ f~ratitic:r ~rri
ra~~r ~4~idh ;.; rara~il~trr~ent.~ li+a°irt~ ire Ic~~w•J d``id}~, s~,i~~:~~licl in
a lc~ns;er fli°~ht iir ~i,~u~; C'id~• ~~,Itile u,til~e et~rtdr;r~t tc, the
C'urti:~ fi:tltil~iriss~, t'~}r~~sol~~'.. [=1r•° 9~rrd t~~~eccl fi°~rr3 arrdu
r-~i':111}~+ rL, r,~°iaKi~~~ a ~,~~rlt- caelicr in L~~ ,~at~~le:~, ~~°Itt,C~ Its
na~t ~~cryn ~'trrti~5. F're.~~; ei~~°~:rr~e cif f:ly'~ ;ca+~~i~ic~ I~fi
1u~4~a idiarts al~u.rr dl~r~~~,~hrrrld dl~~ srarnai~er of` 191f:t t-rs
the}~ iillc;,kr~'c~l I,ia ~tirc~.e~sfial rra~ci aired-~L~-~a~~:cs:ssfirl ilishd
dhrc,ra~hca~at dl~c C•S. rand C~r~~tia.
Cndhr~~it~r~a~7 fir t]ii~ r1~'~~•rsd ii~n~, ~,t`lif`tin~ ~tr:n rrn~
~ti~~,aylert r-~c~~~~ thy: ~r`ee#tf~eti e~~ratir~~a~ii the ~;ii:idcttterrt t}~rrd
.urri~rieiclrr~i Errrlli}iaai ~si:c:nsi~r~s. L~~r]]ra~r~ira~; t.+il~l~idc~ns
I~a~d ~xi~tcrJ sinc:c rlte I R~~ art~l ~~ere hrr~t~ly°~ ~~r~rrrlraf•
I'eu~lc ritrills:rl at rho: ~,~l~a ~trl`ka~sn~edhin~ ~c- rrrr~ aa7il
rlaatc~rc~u~. '~~~'l~tn ia~teer~al c~rt~L~ir~tiiati ~:rt~?irro~:s +~~~~.re
d~.arrrl~lsc~i ~t th4: durra s~f` the ~er~ttrr~°, ~tr3zl l err~itye.~ ~w•~r,;
rrttaeh~cl t~,, r;,i~;:rr~shra~~~ >~allracrr~~ c~tlL~rl ~iro~il~le~,
T~~ctlter ~e•tkt a ~rc~~r~ll+~r artrl nrc3cer, thy: ~.ti~;iatc. ~t~•c
Liw~]]ri~r~iswt~+ ~ ~li~ltt ~Oa ref` e~ndre~l c~~•~r elirrmcti~rrt. ~ar7a
d~rlo~rrlt ciliri~;ik~le ~-il~t ti~=1r~ at1•ra~3,: ~}rr_ trarlMitic~r~ try
~i~lartes +~~a~ d}~~: ~~:a~s~r~e~ hallcar,niat C`r~}~dr~ain Tl~~a~~as
13alcl~~a°irt_ f°r~strr lllirtr~i:~. I~rrltix~•in a~ ~ y~udly ]aril
~ii:rfam~~:il ~~=th r~ ~ir~us aatici It~rrj laa:~~i7ti~ ~ ttr~lanttilu~ic~l
1#la7C}~'rtfiisr ;~~ ~~•~]] a~ t17~ i'[~i~~ui~ra~'tKrd~ a-i~k~ dakr`=r, ~~
c:e~~~rtcil era irrtl~r~r~Ae~ ~rrrra~ltitirt~ ianii t~y.~~e. I~i~ fir4d jttrtr~r
E`rs~itt ~a t}:~lLcritirt ia~ IIi€~~`. "13v 1 k1~~C, dlic %alliai~r~ K,~~enwi+:7n
3.~~itl~ :~rab~ccluca~t lxzrr~,:lterte. ctr~~~ ti~•~r~ slan~~~d rr rr~r.rdia~c
t~~rtn. ~t exlril~iti~,n ~[rt~;rtaina7lCnt rrrrrc~ss the L~uturr~."'
arc.~:~rifia~~ ter crr~4 rrt~iatican 3~isr~riart. lat I~dl#}, [3~l~lt~°irti
r~r~il ['rrrdis~, 1~+3d1~ ~a°itlr tlai• L=.4..~rrt~}r .;[ the lime, ~°i~ilcil
()~~ille ~n~ ~~`ilhtrr'4'4'ri~ht in I)rryt~rn, ~C~hic,. ~~°h~:r'i~
13a1i1~~°irt ~~~~~ r,t rrir~lri~r rr~hi~iti~ay• Tlti: cur rzt~:n
i.xamiatei~ "`~I~cyt~:,~rrm~h~ c~fth~ 5~~'ri~,ltd l~)ll~ and 1{]{l:
f~i,~hts, rraaal ~l~i` macliira~ artr:l rho. dli~hd.~ ~~°ar~ €li~~ir~;~;e.iB rd
rt~nsiiie.rablc k~:at~th." li}x lam l'~(~7. ~4raJdi~s +~~°as btriltli,t
tat rlirprlJtSr~. csi` F3alcl~~~inTw 4p~4°tti rlesi~n #'+~r tLr~ ~il~t_ I)rrrin~
th~° ~a,ra~nicr t~ir` 1 ~ ] {}, ~a•1'~ili: Ir~a~~°ret~ ~~•ce~ r~e~c~ia~~, ak~irud
f:2a~e:alro. C.ly'~ flii~l~t~ ir,. citi4w Irc,r~'~~°'ia~uiL~e~„ d~actrl,a, tai
f~r~ck I~.Irn~l, Illir~csi~. the 5?-~~cryr-rrrlil [3a[dti~°it~ ~v~~ r~.stirr
t}rir tirar c}4'I~i~ F~~~cf L~~~r°r'lair~,Lan~s.'
In I~u~rr C ity°, tkyi; ]+~e~l C`taitt,tr~ri:i,rl C"1tr1•_i, lar~u~ur~,~r
~ ,~ernrt!C'~1~°.'lPr.rrrv~•r~~ef.~drr{h-1rP
Capt~iriThceertias ~~I~1win tftirill~d Iowa ~Gdy r~sic~enks +v~hen he s~l~d ws~rrirFee~ri ~t the cit~r"~ i~irgr•4uead~.
u:uf t'Ita: dC'laanabr:r rtl'C'a~raaraaerrvu~, teas talartrtiaa~, its €urartrtrol
€'ttrrata:r' f~:a~,~ t'a.~;likal_ Thr~:r/ rtta:rtal~a~ra. iirrr:Itraiira~ E~iah+~rt
~. ~C`~ur°+r~nv trut•~ la`~f ray I'2c'~I; 1~lfut~al fire ~.trl~' ~eltteraalacr l[A
'~~°.tta`h F:ly Il}^° =attr,l ira°ita: triter tat laarrl-ratite fiat ~laa: 'c:atir~al_
'~~'Iten ilt~. 1?Ititt ta7 }a~rin~ Iltis raati+~~a~ sa3ta laat`.I~ lar~ttt~ I`r`Il
tltruri~lt, C'4arsaart`s ~ra3u~L a:.taiat~a:~r:~l "I'htaratra;~ l~alcl~~~in,
~r-hit laa~l laa~r`.n atisukiiei~ his ra~~°n h~srallioarrs, 1rL earl~^
~Srrlat~ia~brrr, 13:tlcl~~°iaa Ittrct '`L.lcclrila±cl" s~ac:t:~l.rars in St.
4.uarois ~;~, fl}rara~; at~'a:r Ilea' t~~lississi~alxi fti~'~.e Crta~i .zrr~c~crr
Ilse alp+t~°rtt~~e~`tt I~tal~ [~r~E~c.. °'.^~ I:tr~a: trLTt aai'tlta~ ilk''
gaaa~ulttiaan 5a~~° thy: I~i~f~t. ,inrl tftatartaaaa3~ ~~t'1'+rrwctras
^.tturaalitt~, aria I:srats 13ri~l~e ~h~~rar~t ~~Tilctl}°. This scoerlira
aiaa~r=r ~iricl~aws ~~~as ~t t'a;~t af'lataru: a~:~r~-rla~~iltr}~." ~°al5l~tirr
f3t~l~t,~^iCt toasal:~l Ir_-rt4'a C`ir~' cart ~7~.taala,~r 1 csaa lai5 k~,a~},
fratiaa ~vl~tt~'r~ttrl: rct ]a:an~;ast.'it}~, ~~'laa;r~ Eta. ~~•~~ s+:laet'~ul~rl
ira ~rrliama are ~:~Iti.hitia~rt. ~'~toatrat~r~i;~1 t°ltrb aa~~raatardrs '
shr3~~'~rf hitaa txttlt tlacr {311ti1~:tic frcl~t talrtrt~; tlt~ Ir~~~'.a (~i+~'cr
ttw'laa;ra: Ih~ L~ni~~ci~sily uf' Ira~4'~t`s F:tt~li,ft-i'Itilctsatlttr~=
[#riilrliad~ :~t~nal:a traal~l;~~ :trial I.Itc I'air~r{auut~l~: ~r the ~,t~t
e=ci~a ~wi'tt~i~'ri (just ra=~~;r t~f[°t±~~ I-lilt `~cMt~ctl;$, ftalcl+;ti°irt
r:hrps+~ tftrr I4rirra~ruraal~, sK1~^irt~ tlae ria'arrsicE~: I;rarililk' ~~^tas
yDtrsl t+at_t stttrLll srrtrl l€ao 1aa~~'.~
tt-s t1ta: sa;laa;Eltala'a! ~csli'~~ril it~ara:al, o'~.?ali:rtls ~rtial rft
C`raiaaatar:rciar] ~'lula lai~~ttn lao .toll it ari rl~~i:utii~n ~ara;t.,~s
:~LLt=h a'xliil~iCit~u~~ tt=~rar ~ra~~attl;~.rlw' ~~Il~:tl, I::~I~art.~titatt~;
rkua,~4rt t~~141~4ara's nertrin~ t~i~la1 c~~~tatiratltaw tha3 laaa:~il
aaa~'a~~s~rrrp~rs. ,~ilcrral~rtr~.e pra~di~liabrt^:;~~w-ellar.all try ?ta,~1~1{1
~•itiitr~r~, [trtr;l I~larkil hCrsin~:s;a ~r~~=na`t-~; Irarllec] ~~Ftr x~•]aartht:r
tla+~ ta,~~orn'a b'ere'ts ~artd cat°rs rcxult~ aa<rra.~ra~tralr.~alalc lharnt.
"~~ll ir~r~e Ift,rt Ict~a~a ~'it}~ is ~Llaa~trt tca t~tr:klai tlt~. laik~~.~;t
lare~~sitic~~it iii hart ]~i~taar~', artcl auuia: 4ad`ttta= I~i~;±:as~t a'~°i;nt;
iaa larrx a Rtes ~,:.rar,", ~ra>'4e•a:al rlt~ It~a~eul raa<~~~s~~ctlarrr, +~~itla
°jtrsr citr}~'x tca pct, C~na< y°aa4raa~; r~}aa:~rtarr ~.~•aen ~l~~attnu'a3 tea ask
I~~ald~4°irt tca t~'~laa: Itiaaa raga ira Iltc ttir. tltr°rua~la 1~;r1aJ~+~irt a~=a
tva~r'ltziia lU ra:.fu~e_ ~CErc. tai teat"s aaVaa rt t~,°'~:itttrt tai° maara: than
?~~~~ratu.uul~ Ita~E lit Ivm auriatrl~ raa lil4att~'th~: ~rt~trt°ri
ira ~~:~^aPt{rf att'laiti c~rrli~r alirit;blc.s, tad t]arr' }~c•cl l~t~t~i~`
litter+}-~i~hl t~ra,raaar {~.rta1 srttttll a:ra~*iraa: stru~.~l~il urtJa:r Iris.
~~°ari~*lat urlaattr°, J<3ul tftu; ra°laatrt~:r"s lmrz~.~~arlcr a~nl~:• tii~I~~B the
~ratt'r•arr~ a:.xaita:et'ra:rir_
13tola~tix~iri`~: ~rtalft~r, Iris taar<~la~araia:, ~rr~~ tltc R'c'c!
~){~t~~f b~rl~ne arri~fci9 ira t~t~~^n iata [li:li?btrr t~ t~ start
lar~~drrtttirttts Iiar fitter I'li~ltt_ Tlti• rr~:~l ita~,'. Tlaasttttas
13~1a1t4°irt 0!.'tl~ tti•a:la:arutt~al lea Iaga~'n trs tin hctrroa?rrrii''~1ir
l~in~_" I~slta°,ra=i,l rtt ilt~. ~:ia-~rc}uncls. iltc ~uilc~t ~l~~;lararil tlac
silo tlt~ "Iaaitist ~1~°tracrrplts, rata tla:caatrtat of its iitttile:ii sire,
tlrctiat t~'laiawlt T la1'r'c e~°~r lal~tttrisal tai fl±~~; allhatu.~lt t Itti~=ai
t~it~~'tt frnaaa s~3trte. Laail *~tla=.s_'' "l4°I~~ a~=aarst f~tie," 13sula.lx~itt
txtultiirua=cl, "t~•il] h.e. tli~ insahif~t~'tra lartci s~~l~ly'. i~ aec~ntr~l
o~. lia;~l, ~tncl racy' tta.~rchirta: wt~~.rt,s lea I~rll. i +a~°artl ulir:ta k.raatir7cl,
~rairic, and saa~leartla, id'laaasailafe, if'i Eut77 tube the +.~ictiraa
Tli~ ala~~• art'th~ t~i~lat, ~[.~trl~t°~er I7 ciraa~atar~t~ 4~il.la
lair ~~'r?tutlaarr ~.lar~I "i~tar:tl" a~fi~ttiaatt a:a~ta~litia?its; ~LC:rarc3irr~;
t~} ~tilr<~I I~:aEa~t~r•'ita. )"Iis ili~!Itt ~~'tts st;lretlaula°al I:car tl~i ltl
~afla;rnr_aaarr, attri tlta: C"~oaauttcr~iitll {."laula la~~l ~t lrtira~r. ~a~~ciaci.ti
aaf la~ar;;al tia:ti'a•lira gtltunna•al ]~aditt~ u~u tt} it.:1 huna3ra:d
aUlcaar,~k~il~ ~+orr~,;3r~ed t1araau~lt da~w~~°i~tu~~~°rt~, cicai+~rt~t~c~
~~=ilft bttntira~s, t~tt~~, tiraiJ tl3~t^r~^a:rs_ :~ tt"~r17c1,aC irti~,t, ~~lis;;
_ _
~.iar~:ttt, Ita:rfaariatcrj ttiricil Ruts "c~l'r~urr= ]~a~ak-er ~tti`a:r rrrt~°
slrw.et:~;, anal a r:i1}°r'~ctL~ntr}' ttr~-atf-~~`ar a:aaratarst r~.rtrl~~ At~illt
the "carrtutta~' latancla" {k~innin~ latattatil~r. Thy .~lcrt I•loaa=
Catrta~alra~;''a Ir:~ttaa oaf' fa~i~, ++;^hil~ Itaia`saYs tx°tt~. enr'a}rtrtt~artl tit
ii~tsh ~3~+ra~ta the StTC,a;I, racitt~ l~cl'iinl3 ~irr ~rrlra efri~-'err by
~ 4^isiti:ra~.iL`hia:~aa lirertt~{u,. f~rtrir,~ thtr 7f~cmarata, fica}^s
artcl ~irl~ a'.atrtt~i:.l~'r~ iaa Ii~ca1 rtterr~, ~a°hilc ihaa "L~'Iariraa: hait.ei
rii~;a:aartrarral ~I~~{ant traat4ia<"tlrrc~ra~,h€atrt Harr al.~'.~
f~~,' ~:~~0 'ira the ~~~arrttat~°~rt, tlae tltrcan~;~ ha4l ,ussaaahlct[
31 the: fair~ri~4tna~s lea a~lasa~r+.~~. tlt~ al,~rz#a~[~ tat` 11i~h1, In~i
I~~Ir~ti~ ir>, t~,•~ts a°~:arl;~i, Ida; itt~tl~ cyl~` f'ircttrl tltc hoalf-taailc rat;e°
ti~.~r:lc, 1ar:;t~3~:a1 ra+.rrtl°t attct the°ra +A~~:~;I in a a:orrrtia:ra•faatrlC4~•i~a=
IKrwlairart. kat~rraa~; 1~I~+ i'ci;t ula in tlae air "lil;.~ ~ Irrrk:, rka?t aL
`I~i:al ~ar~=i1,"` ~i~i'r7re a:~ittftl~,tiaa~ ilea: airtlt` ~rncl Lc~tiin~
itt I'ra~nt tftr°. satutlt liar ltis 14uraa~n# ";uraaic] taut tltc~tr~taoaai,
lal.taualit~;_" ~k~°ith tfrr~ai li~hls lartat°rais~ct ta7 ilac ~+I.rlali
~aot~l ilia' ~'rtrLnraa+;r~ill Club, laa7~~=a:a'a.r; f3ald~~'iia c~~oial+l~`
pre~~•trura] Erarttaaaalltcr!]i~ltl_ "1"leis liu~~ Haar lail~l I~t€ak cai''i'
artc~ ttirrt•erl a~ast, iaasla'.ta ~atf`~k~ai~l, anct irrrn~ectirrta'9~r r~tra
irataa lrrt~ul~la<. -~-ha: ~'c~~~' ~)c~r°.~f bash~a3 thra3~ola lra~a:ttMt3~ autr,l
]~a;ta~ia<~1 t~a?~ttlrrt t{~°~ i~;artts, ~I~k~,-1'~• ~aiaaira~;~Lltittoa3~, Tdaar
~r~a~~a=~t1 aaltsra'a•~.a3; llailtCairt~ the. aisun~arr ~a^~sa:at, ~~w E~alclhti'irt
lrta:r aira~.ltairrer~, "at'G,;r a:r;rtilair~r~, tlarcttr~lt the I.rGa:a I'rC
laa~~ ar.~;t5rl~rratl (:?,.I~., it`tlar: laaat air f^ataa:kr;t laer+;4'ee.Ba rlaa
I~~'~r ~a2rnas laait rtrat a;a~L~gltt tftc. Eai-F~3€tna4_"' Tlaa` l~a~aa' f7M{,u,
tyetrl~~ cla:are~ lhr: 1~uiltLiot~:s 1•atat srGxb~~a:cl i[s t-~lit~tcr ~l
ilea:. r~;ar aai°tltti. ~Itina; apn aaaae aal`ih bra~a~, rN~rtarfartlti.ra
t3ttlalti+~•irr iuttaa ~t Itirtaz~r's iclc[ tr£tita mrtatl 3f1 trr=t iiy ilea'
Muir. I~rariserl tt,attl bl~.arciin~, tarot. e~seotliall,~• Lonlttrr-t, '~r~rl~tira
1~{ilctt$°iat ~a•as irttcrt,~ieta~a•r.3 rtt l~rat;th h~• litcal ra:llaxrlart~s.
~'I~irttiit~ lct "taa~. h~t~rcn" h~• tfaa< `YMtL~t tcfr teat°il," l~af~t~~'ira
a`_x}tlairtaall i}rat tlacr arv~;ry~ ~ra.51a tae kaatk' 9aa:. slacaulal ~i°aP~
it u1-a, tarx4 h~ ~.s~a~s "'ir-rc~si;~Iilal~' iittfaab,llecl tat i'nte`r filar: lp~ls
eat ~rir-+,~r~y'a~a:rs a~rai:a:. ntc)r°~. "' ~r']altirua~ I~an~i~ttKaa3ar #rcarti
laoraararas, lh+: ~'irrttaracr~ial t.'Itula 5u~tal ilea' Ic~~l ]area*ti clroir.kl~~
i'ra~trsiiil i5~n l:ittla9~{=ire's src~;rrars~~~tl lirsl I~islal r3f thc. cia~~,
anal frr~.ta"lt~irxaa<tl tctr Ira~'tt Cil}° tlta' lts~rvaar a~l'tlri•, "fcri.
wtrrbr~~ssitrl ~a~'iatiattt rrtcet~ c~'ar h~lcl in 'lac: tote itf Ica+;a'a."
Thar a:rrat~a°cl s.urc[~' ~t°ent Iter'ate' brttla llarillarrbi {tncl wh,nkin
their la~trial~ in t~~aruLUl~r,``
~rrtt'[~ ~•Prr}•,M19`Jar~i€~r~_a~r~~far,~ar,r~~
T~ h~i~-'1~€~~I~ ~~rp~~r~en,
~'~-~"
L~eIE1re I~1., ~ti~i~Eir~r1 ir5 Ir}~ti~~ ~"it~°.,tr1[I Kr~rt}ws lhe.
1vr~lrntry' I'rar Elt€rt r}1;tEE~r, a~~~r~ anriirtl~F a f~:at ~}f c~~ar~:ct~~;°ilr}~,
Iacrl~>'r1m~r1 Isar L~;hifaiticart I,}r t~,u~nt~~rr~t~it1~ ~ilc~t~; d`ar
~aricr:~,~ l~r:s laic! hw° lra~al I~rata~ter r~larh_~ and cratrnE}~ t:~r
~r~a~lli~tEi~ra:~. ~1arlir• Ica~~•,~ r;4}r}1r}}rrriaties w~ratlsnrcrt
~~°iaticart a-~hik}ilical-lw caal rrrl rinrltrrrl lari.sis, rrrlrt aT1~r1
7a1d ~ti°r}alert rrrti~rtrl€I t11e staEC ~°~~.: birilr~in~; their c}~~~n
"rtcr°r~ltltltte~" in F~aarrt5 ,rr1~L la~iel;yrwrrcl:. ~rrt~lk ttiti°iation
e~ttt~iali~ti r.sp~dl~~ t~>'rrm~:ti attrl+:tisb~•tnrier3 jrafltcn rlue. [c>' a
e,rJSh c~k`tkteir scale I}ltrttel +~~ith t}ttl~ a lt~tnrli"ul cal=I~i~lit tct'
lh~iir rcectrd. B~' I ~) I f~, EI1rt D~~ i:ril°irart 4uhr}r>'1 c}t~ r~tt~Firrtit~rt,'
tar ntte, Itrt~l or~-tiiarired tr) rtr~i~rt r3rrii hslilc~ tti~1~11~s ~1rs~
[ r~i r1 flee G~k° iarc;lrs. l'i lca t s I1 f~ ink rrrotr ttd tlt~: ~l:ttr` irt,~ l rrrt~t,l
er nr.un~acr uf`u'[rm~n like Krtthcrine SEirtu~ri, ~4~hr}
I?ert~rrne--~ sl~r.eE~~:Etlsrl~r .1E Ikle. C'lirltcart k~rwll t=`slip°~1 itt
~r;tr~t~er 191~i.~rncl :'~lcka ~nsatak, c}ne oaf EI1c fir°st ~iklrlr=rtl~;
Sri tlt~ Ila~•crlpcarl ~e11+,1 vat~~+~`i~Eirtrl, llrfra:~E trt'EI1is nrr~,rrl
ealt~rtrta[1111~t1E ~11r~ rid}r111Ttcrr.lJl ~rlterf}risr~ w>-rc3+:cl, tttcau~l1,
~~'11tri t11e l.~rtiEr~°cl St:~tr~s rlr:~clrrr~ci ~~~~r cast errtttitl}° ilt
ICI?. T9tr: I`~'+~~ r~t'ir~lcMtl ~:hcae~'s that d.icE ~~ ~orsti'~rii It~d
IYl]I1E;ir~' t)~ ~rt4}n~",.^
~~'ficrl'4~w'urld +L'~°'~1.r ] cnclctl in ]~lr~t~~nt~-er 1 ~} I ~,
le.~iu~tb {}t'y°r}ura~ }~il~ES left Ehr~ rllitit7ri~° ser~'icc: Era
rcEUrrl hct°txac l~~~rn ~atrcr~c .utcl 1~}uk t'i~r ~ti'r~~w Eip exercise
their sf;ill~ ~rt~l ti: ~Ec;r1r~ their 11~°iirt~ e:y;~crian~;e, :1~t tlr,~.
srrtlle titrie., ~c~carcti crlrrrsllilts, bcatl°i Atttcric$rl1-Ei[tilE
girl ]~.rl~iish. b~~errrtrc rrr'ail;tk}le ~" :rur~ltts cr~uilartiyr:nr_
-1"he I;.S. Arn1y' r~ir Sr:.ri,•ie.,~ knc~4' llrc irtn~rcarEtrnec taF
a~~irtiran Era tl1c: lutur+~. ~tr:li;~se c}f` the nrrtic~rl, ttrld ~~ar,~kir
~~,1},~ tea e.necatrra~e, btrt a1~E .r1s~~;r4ssaril}' tirrtetc:i~ll}=
sc.r~]'rart, rrti~rrtiorl in lac.43c~ tirrle. Ire 5~:~rclalha;r lr~l~),
t~11c: ,=lrttt~'~ Air :~t.~~i~e_ rirltlra><rnr;crl it ~~°r.~rrlci eran~uut r
"trsltls~~ant.irll~ru~l rcli;thilitt.• tesE" Eca illustr°irtr: t1t,~ ~r~:~t
~tri+,Iew irG tt~~irtEica'1 teellrtalra~~' El1~t ]7:1rt t:,~c.ra ~1rl+:c cltrrirt~
tllc t~~°ar. Fr~rty-eiltt pal~rtr°~; ~rrti~,i~;rtrrcl, in rs E]>Iree-~~'eek
cl~rass-r;r>tlrtEry` r~ir:c, l?ut. rt4rarncr+~us Lr~ahes anti se+~e.tM~l
f~iEalitic;s atr~~;cstat~ tltrrt "rutrelial~lti r:n~irlc:s, irracler,~urrt~e
rrKrt•is~~•tticrnrrl irtstrtrtit.elltr;.rr>Ici IarirmiEi~~r, lartcfira,
frlr~ilitirtr" r:ca•risliErrErti~l the tr~:tusrl ~trEte it'f ilre ccatrrtEry's
its°i:ttirs[t :~ysE~rtt ar thtrt attru}niertt° Still, t11ra ~~°tl:tbi3il
{}#' ~4'ar=s~ar~r]ats ~~irerat't ~°iEli t}tl ttiailiEy tea haul al IrrrsE
unc ~rssen~r`r rcrte~t~-errl Ehc nr-crest in 1~7msE~}n1~in~. ~rtr~
exl>Iiltiiiurl ~rrrrat tl~air>~,"
Icrt~~5r ~C'i9}~, +~'11ieh IE}crtls e~tllcrJ tlye. `".~tlS+:ra~`" c~l`l+~a~~~q
chid ~tcat esc:trl~e. tlti: er~uttiEr~''r ~ck~ir~~~r K~°aticar>, twry'er.
lrt d'aeE, tl-ru tr}a~'11 ~:r1l~rrr~ed it ~~ ~ rtZe~rtS ral'stayirl~*
v~lrard~rrt aritl ir1 step +c4'itll the. lErr,~e.r r~itis~5 cal` the. 1'~'lo~l+~a~c:st,
rtcli~'ir9t1{'t] t~Etsirt~ ~~ is~a°[1~:rs art`~rl~ec~ liar l~}°e r~ t~~ crar•rtr Era
trau't~ ~~ ~~ri~'~'.rt~irig lalca?w"s. lartdiiri~ tt1Cr11 r~ar7 ;~ ~•;tri~Et~ c>'f`
ra~c~rt Ii~I,;is rrr~}a>r1i~ t11~ tc}i~~n. [lrrr r:+~°~riE ixr:~urrt:cl in ~rrly
I ~~ 7 ~J, x+~hrrn Hrrrr~' i~rcrll~r, t>°~w°r1~r ral; I~r~trrcr`s ~ialderl }
Eia~le stc~r~.. br+.a~u~ht ~y slyit•rrt}crat cal`"`S~~:et~° fir~~trltl
t` I~tl1c,~" tta t~r'~~~n aFrcarrci rtn "~.~pres~" ~rar'ra~}lan~. ~`he
~lrrrlc tir~~ea,;; s~hetlralerl too tartrl ~t Elie "~'ttc.r Ler1~ Farr11
rllilc~ sr3ut11 ~?t ~,it~~ ~~r< L~r~.~~~r l~°itrs~~[inr~ I~iarrr9." ~t1tl t11~.
sure cricraura~r`ti thr: latir~}lie io t:orale t+~ the. Irryriiri~ I,~1rl
~trrrt tsitnr:*:~ the rairerrrlt's~ trrikral c+~feri arr.~rt~in~, ~trrkink
~~~[.ar11rt1C?il~hti£~t7~ lr3r ~~tt earse "~~°'~ ta~;,~ tt.r~~{ ~lertsur~5„
the ~t+~re's ~~tve.rti~reitterat cn}tied, "rt earlerlrtiet~* rti erarrlal
[rt~°tE~ltrtart 'tr} Ehe ptrhlrc tcy xt'itn~ss the I~lalr~rrt~ {ad'thc hr
I}Irrn~ rrnrl wce [he rtlerchanr~i~r: trvri~l~ rrccl tr1 ral,rr 5t~ra."
1~tctee+~, ~~~ 1111r14' r~~rs ~rrra,•e.rl Era t~ itn,~~~ the ~Ir1nc's
rlrri~'r1l tliit rrr~.rt~~ col`tE}1rrt1 hacl Es.} I~~rlc ~r1 thra r~ca~c3 kr:ac9'1
tc~ tlt~ Irirl.rlirr~ lielcl, i"~lr''t Ec1 he rautdc}nra, a rttrartth frrEer
~~,Elcr's, ~ r3ry' girls ~Er~trti, E~~r1i~rl 7rl} ~~•itft ticak}irta~}tt`s
rtarttiture C''ce:l>lart~,r: tc} hrin;~. ;irtaather l~i~l;trlc try tr7tt~rt tc}
}~eg'lirrtrt ~lrartt~ 46rfil 4+~~+: ti tc~~ Iueky' ~~~~erl~;rw rich; inE~i~-
"r~_Irarrdlrrlcl°" ~"hrrt rat°~itrtt~r er"°~t1 flr:~~° ~~•e.r tl}c ~><arrcttartc[ir1r
a,rnrl.ll Eca{tiFns: r'af'~~xt'ctrtt,'~4'r•llrrre,n, l.ta'r}c Tree, k~r`e.sE
f3rrtn~ll, ~1rtd.1~'a'"e.it. LiI~~„rEti= Ec,) clr~p rzcl~•°cr~tisirl~ :h~rrlrihills
Irc~altl ?,{,H}t:l fact. His ittit.i71 Ica~+.~~1 E"iEt' ]rrlclitt~ site htrc!
laeell 7t "Qldls;lt'~ ~r~~~~, ricat ttlr f`rc~atl 1.11e C~letac:~}~: It~ralt
11+~cts~ tap tl~te rix°ur, x}n the ~~~a~' tc>' I~Iraclr's ;prirt~~ ;lrarl EI>Ie
cif}° ~arlc." htrl I.~ler ir1 the r~au fete. dailrft r.ls.ccl ll1r± cit?~~`s
fRrRr~rotrrlrls,-,
~-rtatllrr 1 s:} I r~ ~rt~ iaE~ar, ~, ;'4. Drallq~tlrl~can, ~ I'r~rltaer
rtrti~~ir~;ity° ~r4rclc;nl r>,r1cl I~ic11d ctt''~fii°~.rti~ ~~tir~;trri, clrr;t{11ter
c~f`k}4~SittesSlal~rl ~r1d 1:?c~}sE-;r Irytt~.rt ~~,1, C'r~r~~arr, Eltotr~,ItE
hc. u•r~rllrt Ittrtcl "~rautki .anc9 u~~~t ctf`lhc I~.~rrt.re~rarl brirl~r`,''
p~r;rltx~w rcl~rTir1~ lc} r f~rn~rt field satrtlt of tltr: larc~crtt
J'c}kuiscart C°car,rnt}° t~rr~,r~t[r1rt~. 1~tr::~ra~ti°flil~, the slrrte
4Erri}~€rsiE~• in Iratx~~ C`l Iti~ri r1c.rE l~r:~:?7 irnrtlrlrte Eta ~tasEtiv~r.
i3yin~ te~~°e.r either, iniEirrtin;; am ~~'iati~}r1 ~rrcaa~rtlrrt errac3
~lr~tirtirin~ ran aio°rrlic}r1 c14~It Wit'`"rtte.rl ~4°]rrr hs~~c° s;c:r-~~c:rl
itt the scrt•ice, its 'itirrls`-kr,~ltr:tki~r ir1 lllc ran~t4~, r1~~°°~r, rtc°
trllrirtc ~s"'i;aEiran curs.'" AlE,a11r1i ar°~iala~rs a~'erc irt~'itr:rt
lad= the tcrt~~n'~ .f~r'~r'r~i' Pr~,s.~° ne~,~~3l~a~et' Eca cc°}ia1r fig} 111:
tuti~~crsity~Ts I~)].i~ It~r11~°ccatltirt~ ~fi~ Ihc;r t}~k°n "birds.,"
tlulakain thr: c:+~fc:rtt "cicaul~El~.ra er firtit in the I~is"E~~r}" ud'tltr:
utti~°cr~;it~' ral' i1l~ilirl~ l~reir ~'~}~ry~es tea their• r<alct cull,
Eiati~rrl ~}~r air rcatrte."'~'"
k'~'itfi~ktE a r~r~uk~t, 11u4'L'~~°~r', a'~'isrticatt's chit:.t-Irrulta~~rir:rrt
r1 lc}x~'~ !C5t}• t;~t~as .~ I}ca~~Ecr ca1;~;rr~irrrtiutt r:x•rllcrl thr~
Ira~~'a C"ii}~ C'crrrtmcrcirrl C:lula-~rrrcnr~car E[a EI>;r: ~rcti~l-it
t'lisu111~+~r af'Ccan~rltercc, T11c: {'rarrlrilr~ial C'lu~i h~1d
~c~e~`f Czar` °dfrrrrr~r"~.~-rP.d~r~~Nkrr
I~xrin r,
~~~ gad ~~ ~~ ~~~~la~~~ F~~d~p `r~~,n~ ~1~1 ~ ~~~.
~ir~t ~rc~p~~~e E~~~~ t~ I~a~~ rte.
~'"~I', l
Wi]~ ~ ~"l~~d ~~~~p r r~::~;~ ' :,..:, = ~..~~ ~,_,.,~ri~~ A~rr3~l~xie Ex~,r~ss.~
Cir~ririg the sra~mrner of 1914, IJ.S.+4~rrtty ~ieuteraant D~~id L. Behnke flew several hur7dred pounds cif Society
Brand cl~eth~s f'r~rrt ~fticag~ t~ i~~rra it},r in a Cu~°tiss rbi-iSE~ne. Circling the dbwnto~n ~rrea a flew tames t~
a~.#tract attention before I~rr~lin,g, the pilot, pwla.ne, and c~rg~a ~~~r~ were greeted by tlt~r~sands alFsp~Ctators~
includia~g l''#~yc~r Ingalls ~waaslaer~~t the landing field, l~utpberl `"crre aof t~+~ most gigtac ~ublacity'sturats` in the
history of...the ~4thens of fa~rra"° by tlae ~uify l~res€, tie Breriner`s "`C,oldrMn ~agPe .aeroplane ~~pr°ess°' brought the
°`I~#est stlrles in c~rnang seais~n apparel fc~r ,mart" For the sttrr-e', display wir~d€~s.
~artr^€a ~'d~1' ~~fraaai~~i,~xff,-l~r~ar~, t ~}
sprrnsorerl ~~a~cll-arttctrala:~ Ira~al a4~iati{}n r~~hibit~ ~». carl~+
as lad]{}, ~w°lat`.tt CaCataira `I`ltaaitt4t~ 13atlc9ti}°irt flct~° Cattrl
a:r~r:lit`al) lti~ ,<~~=tf ~`?~~t~~d kai131:t.tt~ a~uriai,~ tkrt~ itaiatt,a~l Istll
firsti~~;al. ~'~`ith nr~anta~r~hip lar~:el~° alruti~°ri li-a~aatt taat;~inar~s
and ~r~}t~~~:iart,il rir°eLr°.~,r than f'rtrrta-attrriatl C'Carl~ ~tytlta~rta::r~
a wr°iela:. a~rrryy° caf hetta:e-rtrratt arct~~ iti~~, c:~}x~a:Call~v' tlarasae
attrM~rett tc.a int°i~caratc. than trrw4~rt's cca~ticartit~°. []ta{ae[ lti~h}`~tty
4t1tc C~erl f~ttll rnil tlta: F~i~°c:r-lra-Ri~~~r rlrrtal~ int~rsa;aste~
at [rai5~a C. it~°p trrtcl cl~tiRa=Cct~tttcnl {af`tha:. ttirw~tt~°~ w~~ere f~cath
9ti~la can thc. (;'aamnt~ra:ial +~'lt:aL}'s °ta~,~:t~aiti. f~ntltta°~ia~Ei~ ,ta~a3
'b°isC{tatar,~~ a<]~ab tna:trakaer~~ ;~rtcCt t~ f~eataarrt P^~J, C`~ioa~~tt wk°a:t°ar
l~sr9arr~ irr tasat.li rrtuw~a=rrt~.tit~. ~'l~ri;~ti:an Ya<tt~,r, ~a'ktra chairr"al
tlai~ C'a~ntttrlre.i~l {.°lral~'~ ~a~-~iftti~att c+~trrttriltt•c, wt,•as arttatlta:r
ti~ue:li Ce~aclrrr. "Ttat lanclin~, licltl that t,~'t°raald lati•r b~c{artre
the }aa~}~~t C'itr~ h~lrtrtiicilf~l Ar°ls4~rt. a}~a~ i{3~;rrlifa~^c~ b~~ 4'~-tier
~tntl ]ay° ttcljaer:rtt tca tlaa' neat 13x11 rc~aai ~cta:rtlt nt'tu~~rn.
L~a:.~~riberl in t'}rrtaataer Ir~l'~, tltc tits ~k'a~ "tlai [:tnrkin~,
~lae:~ tlttat ~"Itri~ Ya~ttcr eha~~~ ~rtrat~tirtre rj~a~ liar ratlt.er
ttiel~lan~~-trr:ra~a~;s tha: ri~°a:r, ss;atath aal"t:~~+~w°atry nctrr the nlrl
tiratti. f°air~raatart~l~;, a.rlta7trt to attilc s{~uth ~f the t3urlin~tcaat
wrrta:t hrirl~ar." TTlriaa Iaaarntirarr ~°~ts ~°t, fir`1r~ can t1-ia; {ittia~ farttr.
t~t~~neai ~~° 1,~', ,I, 13~ttjatrrirt, i~~itfa +.w°It+;r~ [hair !~'s.~rna~ys:r~i~l
~']ttb ItttrJ att a~;rccrrar`rat ka}~ at l.cti~t 1~1 t~, it'atr~t +~4°,~1]
I~c:t~h~.`~
7~h~ clat~t'a a~~iatiaan }rra~ttiratir?trtC tta:ti~°itiari; ~x,°eraa ti~-cLC
lrnut~~tt in l]eccant~cr la]'I ~1, t,~°Ita,rn [tie I{x:trC pca~trtrtr~taa.r.
~ftte 1a~~a=r, ra<~ari}~ci ~ taPl~~ratt~ t'r"a~tr~ Qt7a; cal°Iti
haa~, ;~~~i~lartt f ~~tttitia~tcr Ci~.tryi:rcil ~C~ttc} I'raNar~er. the
~aa~~~mrtrertt w~f~ia:itrl in eliar~c {af°Air;v~ail 5ara~°ir:e, ew°Lreal
~~ti~°er lct rr~k al~atut laaa~al lan{liri~ fcLris. Ei~lttecri ~tta'ntlt
a~irCia:r, I'a-€rar~cr htacl nititgtav€I tltar r:~autttr~f"~ Eirwt air rrttail
~erw°ire bet+}°eaytt '1~`r~ltitt~tran, 1:7.~`e, artcl ]~Ic{'`~ ~t'~}o°It ~ it~°
anal. ~ti°a~ s~a;ttz.rertirreai tea cx~rtan{i the ~trr~°i+ce tta~.raa~~ ttt
esaratiaac:nt. C":., ,~lrrtt~w' ~~ir a;rw°iawe ~Ctrtir°s rrtiat ~iMctt~` l~aru°
the r{~aate aw°lta:rr tltc 1?at.ttrl t°rt La=y in~tu~>fitiat~cl it stn iti~la~~.
1 ~, 1~71t~, btrt )'~rrc:~e.r'svka~ a~ia~atisfia:ci ts.°ith the rrailitaa°~='a.
~r:rfrae~taiirtiec. Inc h4a{I L~a:a=n rmablc, tc~ tic! ui~• e~rst,3~na:rr;GaN
e ntcrtari~a< +~°ith t.ltaP t4a~ltttia:..`tL ~ca~ttttilt+~, Cut clgct ntal +~~taatt
tea tree the ~~rrat}~:~ir ~~r+~°it::~ citlt~r, and sera plattrtaati tr~a
builri }air; t}+~~n air~lti~ i3c~t areal tr~ritt laic. aer~rrt pilratw. '~k°°'Itr;n
the: ~~°.ir a:nal~ci, pCtanc~ anal lailrst~ laattlt bea:anta' a~°ailsatalaa.
lti- I~CK.a3tttl]a.r 1~°C~, the: ~'~~'rr []e}attrlr~4rt# ~e~asa3ttl f
tltc air [trail ltu~iatr;s:~ arty F'raar~;~:r ti~°a~ ~autsv ~lattrrirt~ a
trflft5~•r7ritieia"refi~t~ air rlt~il ra?Ut~C,~`
I'rira~cr'a }ti°irc to ~"€asutta~tr:r h~la~°rir irtelCct-rtca9 that
I{atit~tt ~C'ity rrri~;ltt tt'e. ~t•]ea!tc.el tee ;a st{tea a~an the err ntatl
rraute extr`n~i{art i"ec'raa ~`~i~.a~*ct try i.)trt~°tlta. I~trLali~h~r:C itt tlrc
Crac:al }~rc~s, the tc:la<~rtatrt ~~arlt`.rl [truck[ ~tr~a=ulatirata ta2~oart
~ti°lt~thcr ttte la+~w°n ~~~aal'4r14€ tae just a ta~m~a~rtrn° ]~tanriitt~ site
car ~arrLrtt~~ ~ir:~°clra~ oeitea a ~acnttanent rattail ~t+u~, aa:irt ~il~catrt
~~~Cteth~r tlre: ta[ancs ~,~°nula3 at:tuall~p }riel~ tal+ tratril car r~atl~~
tr~~ tlta: li~ltl t+:}r ~ttre,r~;eirc.~a° I~arirtin~~;, '`~~'k~t iw tlta: Ca;tt,~t.lt,
breacltki ~ttrk ]ucttiaan ail"~~ iatti+~art fiela3 it:~e:rl ,h}° itrtrr~~
nr:ttr ~,~aatrr i_ ity-",,`~ I'rsac~er r~kcri, ``,~l~rr krrt~v ~ra:~ar~<~ihle
ta~.° ~tr~art arrtr and ]trae~~ tstr l~rtant pta~rt eaf7~e"j rll~ca x~.~hat
b4ad{iins a;atttaiata;,ci tltere.aaei anel ~w,htt htts ~Itar~r: ral"
l~rcataa:.rty`~ Anti ~.ratt~it9a;rn~ its tr~c tett7Crrar~~riC}' f`a~a` mail
lii~lltw tca ~~nt;tttta ajk~ctut .R~tntrar}" . 4~'"ir4 ,~L~:t{tile Irtll~°."
~'~~ ik~trra:a<L ~~ ~uttre.nrr~, l}rac~er~aratt sr cllri~lr ftal7r~a~•-arl-a
~ti°ir4; °°f~e~rrrtiiati~ Lela;~r.taat 1[rattlitt~ fe:lrl kititLl~w~ a:aaril~r
xw°itki ~;ecr>rtstr~~ ~"Itaattrb~r {at°C°aarratrre.ret." :~°~a~~er iltttilatlly
trc~nt'4a-ri;al ~s°itft ttte ~'+~ttrttrerr;i{~l C.'ltah, sartti i3 ~r+~ault iwerat
{tttt to E3crt~aatnirt'~ farm. tca takw4 rttara:ratrerttarnts.'T'ht: Caar~r~C
tta>.w•a ~'tl±,r° I~aa~ttr,ir~ttrr ~catt bac>w tw•~arti: °`Ar~°iati4an laelci
rtrta; arycl amatca6talf`rttile~ snrrtkt wt,~a~st t~t'iaaast a~l~ear, kS~st~t erF
ri~Fer~}a~ Rc°d BttiL} lii~lt~~~tt~,°. ~~-tit:ri-tr:t~tl~s mile fr+~rn treat
star. C'ityr ~Ira°araay`. in farrra ltrsr4aame. 7rrartspur•t~°rtnrt 7~~ai1;~1~C~ tat
~aa~~t ra~tlir.c. lkr~a~acrt~° cal` L~', J, 13cnjtatttiit. ~'ia~1eC ~~tD }°arei
w~u[ara=. k=cwatr-•~a°ar}~ I{~tlrlita~,, rra~ tr~e~ rar L~rta~h. '~K~ bui]alCt~~~
f`ctr ttirpl:rnr:. Tenttxarrrrr~~ Iir.1tE cartC}`. ~Fittt~r~ ra}xarr lielcl
lint c.Ca~,s_" TI'laus, th~° 13a<njaaatitr fia:lel erat~r~crl in Cola) t•ts
ttie l°aa:at ]arch] I:ttatalin~ fi~lrl, alr~ttaly~. Ccstsa~~'n ha=vctra+~ tlt~:
irnrttar{{itata~ ri:~ir~n, 1t atap~;rtreri can "ctr~~~;aTtattarnt tntt~s. iet
~'4r`,rshin~ttttt it:~ L3e.irt~ at•€iils9kal+~ ftrr taa~aa~, tartr3 [wa°.i,M eon all
ttrtta~f Mara] rri~a}~~; taf°thi~, rar~iaaat," aar.a;a~rcin~ rct the I{ataa@
~arar~i4.4~=hs~ arrr:tlitc.€i Yr:tter"a ~l~'r~rrrw lava sactarar Liert~ataati`5
c:~tttirttrerl ~erttii~;.wiran tax atw~ the 1icCt1,"
tJr;~piira caan~pwtitican fi°rarn Dav°ctt~ran and a tltretat
that }rctCitia:a1 pres~tarer c:crulrl arrr~a•r= tC,e Kair ttr~ail s:[ta}~ to tlta^
:~t~4tar'~ ctiCaital, arts l~i~rriaie~, lia~~.°~t ~"its' ~aaatra ~w'caar raw°r;r
1?r7L~e.re "1°}at a.callr~c tc~~w°tt ~.+~•~~~, ttl~er all. ttratrti rta;tirly
tla~ trai{llacaiatt b~ttiw~a;a~rt ~'hica~ra anal i)rt-tttlta if`tri1cats
tis°crc taa frallta~w° thr; Rrar.l*: I~lctnsl trtacl{~ tai their ru~rrJ etirila.
f]ttr°etr~cart ew~n~ traaa a:lra~c tart C']tia:a~~a, ~a°kril~ [~~~ '~9r?in~
ew°:rs ttaca clcasa< tai #~rti~tlttt. Sntall~.r tr~ww~ras ter the ti~~e~t ral-
laatw=ta ~'it~•°, suayh a~ h~9ttrr:tt~ca ca~r'4~°`ikCiattt~btbr~, nti~ht lay
the ~aarttrtal tttiaiCaraittt, taus {litLrl"t ha'`~e the tiv`iatiraet l~i~trrr}~
rar ~tr~at~ taaara~r~r5 t~tiaanrl in ]cttiw~a C'it~°'~ L'aa»iri~a:r~i;al
C'ltih. Ancl l'rtt~:~~r n~:er~r:~[ lra~~:al ~u~i}~rjrt. kar lax: Irtiat rata
~,aa~°ernatrerat rxr~rtey tea kauile3 Isatt{iin~ Ihcilitiar:. Tali ral'
truilalirr~ a la;trt~ar can 4~Lra~atrtin`~ fiaLl+~ tiar tlaa roa:`tw air
aaiaiil ~lancs ta~~arr t~ cireulnta: rrtttatrti~ la5t~w°a ~'ititan~ atrrl
C`tatrttlr~rcittl ~`Lub rttr:rrtkaa:r~;, Ihaarr~it it tt~oarLrl be anrar~.
tlttttt t~w°ar °~°car~ tat°.f~arr; a }i~;rrrtsarr~rtt hangar eutaltl tai
a;rcetrcl_
l:tra•1}r irr ~antrarv 1~2, ~aa~°a:`mr><ta:nt nt~rt ttaTi~~eai try
ataacarra; ri~ht~ era rta~.alerrl. aaiC anci ~~°tltte i~r tkrc 13enjart~in
ielrl attrJ ur,~r•.al the: C`r~anattarrcial CIr~G era built[ a h,trt~ar.
Itintin~ that ~ath~r citiars Mill aatt~Ctt he in the raanttin~.
Praa<t;er°s :~}x;.e.ia1 ~t~~i~tar°at, ~~atla~t-a~C.t{alrn,~, "trat~°
fr,~R'rr C'rPt itltrravc-rfrrrf ,~Ifr fx~re
H;,t" dcrrelaxn, ~~=ra~ aaaa~ ut t1aa:. ttrera ~a'Itta trric°~al trt i~t~>v°rx.
~'~ecdxrclirx t~ r~ra~ hi~tr~ri~rr, Jr,rcl~t~ t5~t,~ "~ kril rti' tr ,rr~tlaa:-
~til ~tal~::raa~rta" ~~~Itu ~i!lnr3 laacttl aal~icirrl~ a~l`ttarax~° ~~°~^~ttrn
x;iti~~:t~airt~t ~~~.lt crilaa=r, ftr~w~trrin~ thr~nx ti~ btrlcl the
rtc:rad~el t~tr~ilitit<~ air letw-c tllc rain nxtail ~la~p !ra tlt~ nllx~r ~.l;v',
C'a:rt~iral~:, ,latrclrrn°s iaalie~, ~k•lt~kt r+.~~rc 14,ta;rlayc; ~uh,jc~.l
ati'fr a:a~rr~re~tia~xt~l inyuir~~; +~e°a:rc ~alrr~~a:al anrd ore Iux~'~
!~`i!v ~'ornrxtr~ra:i~tl ~'iul~ atf'l`tarcr;; ~~~1xrnc~'~r D~~ J~•lriirac~~ r:tr
C]r['4'~rtl~aart '~~•;a.~; hraxxr~~rl irttia the ~.urt~'~.r:~tlaatt_"
~?~=illa Ir?~ti•~ ~.`il}° ~tilC t1a~ }~4trl~ctr't~~l altiai+--re~' ~;la}Iro
1~tl~~.'a;t:ax r'``Itie:rr~c~ ;:trail [~ttttkaa, }tilttra i~~~;rtn lr:~l kli~,ht~
ire Jr~aau~ry la]2f.~. fJurin~ tlxr_` Iaistatr~„'-rxaakiaa~ fiat t€:~!
aura ura Jt,arra„rrtir ;~, Ia~?'(t, f=,r~, t.ttt~r taraal ~t'a~~1l~r J. 4raaitla
tl:~ri}tr ~w'Ctttan lttr.~~tri C"il}~'~ a:ririic:lrl +~4'a~rtlel lrinr he r~~taacc[)
~rr`t~~~cC in rclxxril! ttrnaa' ~aa I i:xt<'i1larxcl ~~ x~Tidlain nainxrtes
aaf' eta~lx utlxc:r. Tlsc:sa; bi~l.rn~~ r=;rrriarci t~o~~a, ~-~eaEala~; ~aua .~
rebuilt, lla~ "~e,~itii[xn c,t'thr frila~t: is ire dlxc rear, tartrJ tlroa
raxttil }tit i~ tltt ctn~ xr~~al b~~ tlx~ ~ilrx! clurin~ lltc tw~ar." Crt
rcrutrr, l~tatt~r ktttel ~m••rata~,l~,° folla+~~'{~l tltn ~"ltia;.tr~at latrtkt
~~'4~tcrn railrctrtrJ ]irtr~; fur tt bit, bu! carrrcetecl ktims~lf arxil
"'laeala}aa:+~" r~r~'a~r lea t~yllrtt~• t]t~ I~arar.k T~lancl'~ u•ta:k~ irtil~
rate°rt- LeaE'irt~ hip; ~larxa~ iax tM "tnrrk~shil~t [earttPrr~] 1ax,rt~srr"
care llae ~;rrtaa,tal ttl lat~~ta C~ity~, l~at!!~rllaa~rt rea€li :,lttrtl; ty~idix
a,eitla i.at "1~trrrt tlac 1ltxcirt~rtrk~ Cr'ett~~~~tri far~~•;r ~~it~,' rrnaJ
~}raat~htr,"' (:art ~rtullta:r !~._~! lls~ltt as l`a:~~~ alaa'•~ Irat~r, ~ l~~s? of
rn~il ~rxai i-ra:_~lx rxtr;t tl~ar ra ~r[rnyur~! taa In la~lc! k~~r ~C~rtt~rral
.ictltn 1'4aklain~ ~~~er~c ile~~vrt orx ~,raxi!]x's ~14tn~ tar de~nad~lxa,
x~°1ail~ f~~hcr! ~'rta'~~tt of Irat4^t ~; ity :~li fa~~e1 ~ 1 tJ-~~rutel
li~~e ~~ cxra ba~:xrxl 1~irr.tcr°5 Ial~ttc kaaaurtcl ta~rr C lti~:r~*u.'
l:?cti~il~ lltrr sarr:ct:~~lirC l~~! tlli}Ixt:~, IxrukaCcttt~ t~ itl-r
tr~eallacr. calm f+nlerxt. ~rxcl ~rourtcl fite:iltia:.~ catnrnxreal
tat a~elry' t1aa; iaa~us~ur~tic~ra raf airily' at,:ail ~cr~•ic.~ in
tCte ~"Itia:4x~at~ to [~rtxtlta, alit°i.wi~taa, ~.aq`'i~•lairch ~'4'tlliatta J.
t~'ia~f`.artcll~~~ ~~~as }aaa~dFrl ~rt~arrirtlen4ierat. t~'~a:~'rartailca~w haal
atr~~rti~cti tfa~ ti'1~+~•aTl;xnk tc-~ ~`hia;~~,a~ t`[tutc axnal stra~n~*I;~~
:~ul~}~artccl lattti••1 C'it~° ~~ rlxa: fraicl~wrty ~~~r~°irr ~ancl re~~ir
~l~atia7rt f~~r• Lh4. C'}tla:.t~u taa (~lttt5,l~~ s~grxtent. cle~laitc
~`aalatrta~1 Ja3r€I:an`s r+curc rz,a:tics tuxai I+~~x~ax ~`i!t•''~ Irk rtk`t
laart~ra.r.'~~C'arxallc~~ 1are~kietcel, It+~ti+~'a:x~er, tltrat ~a~r~aitarrr~irxl
~a~trrlrtt~ctctr~ ~~~aaulal larks o~•~.r all sir rax~il ratxrtc~ at~itlxirx
i.lxrea: ?~~a:aars, ~ llxou~hr I~rer a.cEtaacai hy~ ~`lari~tiatra Y~ttc:r,
arrtal r~,eaaaarri~.rtcl«i t17~r tCrc. C'atrxraaxa:r~ial C°Ctri~ rrrai~° hrailci as
"'crtnt•a~~ aa;nl laan~~ar', fnr rite re~erw•a: }tlartaa !aa Itc at,tli«nr~d
a]ra 4he field. The t~ttt Ctatra~~r ~~'a_~ r.tfa tiaaxel rrrri.}~ ~y tlac.
47ac1 a°~3 ilte tna~ratla, but ri~il!~ rir r~xcrl tlli~kats ~v~aa~alcl r~i~l
~tar.rt until raaie3yl~9~r~•, just a1a}~~; ak~ltr ~}cC'.rrt~il~.~~ elin~i iax
it c.r'~,~It ;t~ kaa< rarrtarn~al Itt kat+~~~ar C`i!y E"runt.:rn ina}aa;4ria1n
Iri~t tea t~t~artlaaa. lvf~~url~ lea r:reaxl~. l1xa ~w'a~tita;rrt ~e~r»ent~ tea
~~trx :Fr~rx~ ~~u ~k~a74t1a1 lse ~.ft~;arlt~~~i~:al ~' s,dlxrrr~, arr3cl in
rite ]artca :ruaxrrti~r eel` l r,~~'S) Iltc~ I'aa:~trri '~ee~'icc ~trart~:Ft.rrtr=.~c1
tltc ul7c;rtin~ eai'lltie ~aatar~trr''~ Brat lr;art5aecartitiair=ndsrl ttia" tTt~rii
i`a~vl.~. At the ~Etnaar tines, iha~ ~'urx~aaxr:r~i~,1 (.'1x,17 5,i~,rt~tl ti
lsrrratl l~:a~r" tlaar the 1~rrn~arxairs Ir,nrliaa~; Vi~slcl t+:~r l.[iptJ~.'''
Irt jer~l ti~a7 ~kx,~}rt ±~~nate~, Icr~4•,r C'I~^`w raal~. iax llxa:
eauntr~.''~ cl~~•clat}~in4~ ~:t~~iatia.ara laisl~tr~° latlel 1naCtc.al k'raant
la~crel a:rtlr;'rl:,inrxy~tat crali(1 ~a~tlk~erti~in~ ilik:ltl~ !aa rnetla>~~rt~lxil~
r, trrt ~~cltrwi~~L, tat~Riorx+~~'ic9c ~ax+~~c;r°ttrt~r[:rt! c.xfaarri[racnl..
Farrna~r 13~nj~rrrtin':; 3 ~-~a:r. arax'`+~' fatra[atrrr IaaaJ 1.3r.:i:~.ra
ua~aaxrtlly' c:rarta~~rt~al tea tri atl3°iei;xl, ~cr~=eraarrte.rat~cfe~;~nraC~~1
~xir rxa~til lartciin~; t~~1ii, srratl Hu~;lx S. Lurt~; ItJal ri,~}~'~ci
!aa lapl4~ea 1`.ra,r,x'~t°`~t~hin~lr?n, U.+~`., !aa naatt~r~t il. ~~tx~ tltra
~:'a~tirxxatx~rei~l ~ lxtb'~ taaa;txtlt~~r~ltida lt~cl I?cani~el ult tc~ ~~~}'
ki~r tltc F3tr.rtij~tarin Ir.:ra~c b~. a1-a~ei~1 caat7trif~uliurx~, I'a~.rl,ta~~,
ra:[ia:+°~i:a3 rtra! to l1c ~~k~r:l tla,r rxtrxax~~ tt+rt It;arx~itr, taaaj,
L,irl1~. elial l1,a` "C~lul~bers" krta<~~x• !]ra~ir }~riaJc in the 1+.}erV
wirli~I~C ~aaatrl +~-ctulai s~~~e.ll c~•'e;tt rttetrc; ~,s k'rtae~~r'~ na:x! bid
fat{rrt Ietr ~air° rn~il ~~;r+riec ~x°as l,reti•tiC~:aE trxtrt~c:cxratraetttt1
fli~lxt;3 thrat tw~at~trliJ lartal in lat~~-tt ~C'it~° ~t! tti~l7t.'~
Pr`at'eta;r'~: }t]ti1n ~rl+.a~r;~ti hascl }g+:c.tti fur latra~;-ci~;tarn~e ~kr
rtt~~il r'cax,trrk, tt~ }}I:~rtes ra~utt1cl next rutttlar:[~; y.~~it1x lhrr rttilr~x~cl
cuna~tlaxic~ aata ~Ixua°! h~rrls like. ~~.~~~ Yr}rk Nt~'r'~raslxitt~tataa,
I~.+~'., gat [~t~t ~~~h~ri lr~rti:~~tatrd rtl'' aaxtiil lu suaal frc~rxt tka
}~~t i~tl~iara'~ tv[a~ aictrxsii~ereal, ~'~it-fieia.l~ ~a~ere ut llte city`
aaur~kirtti, xo•Itilar the rKrilra3rrii cla;lauts xw'crc art the Itatrrt~ a~T
r=.itia:~, ,jtr^+l liCse Ilxe ~o~l ufl=icc~S.'Tla~:. ~lasrrx.cr rcttales 1a~•aii
rJtaii.kl±~' ~.ert ril~~arralrttaL.€1 ~t~ tltc 1'ea:~tttl :~er~'irre. ti~t;ats~r:l
€art ~~~,°'a:lrt~in~! t1at: tr~raawcr_tntatt`iattitl r'atratc:, Faw,t t,~ laan~, ~:s
llxr~ ttlaaxa:s Isxnciecl ~t wtat7~ntix t7. Rh.: tr~irt~ o~°tara1al rrl+~'a~=:
calclx rr}a~. Tkae ~a>~ility' !er fly tlaa i~rttr;rl C'C~i~~~o to t~taartlt
:~~etion of t1a~ ra~ul~. ~i! rti~ltr o~rt~, crilict~1 ttx I'rac:.~a:r'
suate;~.~~.
''~li~lat 11;~rinc ~~°~;~ ,a Ix~rtic.t.tltrrk~~ ri~k~• er~~ecl ctf
ct~it3lion, a:aan~ielarriu,~ tlrc l~at.k crl` nst~°i~srti~7ttclC instnraaaa:nt
err ~rouraei rxx~rk~.rs atlha"t` lhr,n tlac I$~tndrtx~rrks iaiaraliiic.tl
for ~'°k~;aa~l fl~•in;~- ,~taai ktatllt tkae: ~aJui~rax~crx! ctracl failaat
e+~''~.ra: ar~cn frt.t~heal !n ~°~nel sa~ttrtetirta~~s }s~t~l tlacir litaxils.
`I"hrattt~ha3tal tlac ~€crtnei It~lf'rxk` ]r~'~tlJ Jtr~ irt,4~ l~~? I, t1aa~
lays%a C'i!y l~ttlaaar~ tr,°t.r~ t1r11 atJ'shatai, ri~kti's~' ~rtinia:s crC'
~riir,~xr<:a:el ra:~.rrrajs la~:iax~ aarM. b},. Cxtt{til ;ra'irtlaar~; bu[ ~rl~rt.
ural~trturtreta;l~~,, the rnrtn~ irrlsixe~ suifera~eV kr}~ Iltr~ ~ilatts
anti ~Jsrn~~, ictt~~.r City alial rxut nsa:.ifar=` [Etw~a ~~}?~:ric'n~at
either, ~~°i!]r art leta~t carta~ ~,~a'ixlr<ttt ctr:rrurrin~ arx tlt~.
B~nj~nxiry l3el~ r,.Iul~.~ ISt:(}, ~+,'laen as aax~il pl~rre"w rrt4>'iatr
t'tila~ai. ~trt t.ilMcc-y` trnal the rrarlt "€iru~lancl 1 tl tl~ ci,°' -The
kxl~rn~---~laa. aJt~ ~lc}!e€1 by ~'.C'. L~ux~~ caraa~ rra rcarata* !ea
"laia<a~,~:t ~;~illx I f~f] Ixa~urtaJs ctf rtxtil~ °`~Iriaaxraxa:c{ .t aiita~lt,
i:r~~lttwsai iryrtt ttrtiai tltrctu~jx 4t lone. ~~n~}°'it3~ tJi~ t~-r~e}~a~:
x~'illx i!a" 1~'ia'rtunau+=1}•°, ar~'it°tlerr ly~n~~; 'a~~ktrr lttial tl1a~~x,•n in
Franca: cixtrin~ Ilse. tx°~rr~ er-~~i:xl urahsarnra:rl. fix rnrxnlhs
latar, Krtactllrcr ~ir° rttrtil plug cr~~rsharcl irx Ix~~•a~ft~ fug rta=~r
J~~it-ca ["i!4' r4lfrrast'r~arm~,a~aps,,.~•t !'r
~ul~rn, rt~rtlt of Ic~t~~~ Cit}~. Tlt+~ lai3ul ~~f T~~k. J3(.It~, ~a "attcl~~J
[t~atrt€~~rlana~" trrt~clirt~ s:t~;t p"ir~[tt [~rtt~ilta, cn~t~uaticrcci
liar in ~~~i~.~:i~rra Ir~ta~~t at~zar r~[lanti~ rra7aJ r~a4~ ~tkacr}°~ i[° I-f4
I~trt~lr:cl in ~[yntcll, ~~rnt~ ~~ nl:i1~~ ti~~~~t ~~t~Ir~~t,~t C'iC~,-, t~
'°t~lrt~9 rt~t t~~~h~rrr Ilt~~ ti~'~;r{," 1~L31 1~~' tlt~ ti[tt~ Its r~:~r=tt~~
1rt~~~r t'ire' tftc~ I'cr~, ~w~~d~ ic~tti rJs;rtsa' ir7 firtr,3 41i~ ;riali~E~~. -~~1~
m~~ra~r~rl[a.r~i; "lerrt~la:~l' in ~~ ~~t:a[~arar i5tttrth r7 f.rtPct'n. ~.rtllin~
rhrc~t[~,Et it C~rtc~ end :t~:ru~~ t~ rotit~l, T'v~+~. J:J~lfi ~rteJ~.aJ up
t+~'r:tk~~~l l~~.t~~~~a:-rt t~~t43 1~1~°~kt~rtt Ttaala=~, An~ariri~ly, rhr~~
rt~~cr pilrkl~ afctard t^°°t.rw urrinjura".~~ ,'kith .>.s~~ti[i. iu wtlr-ly
F~l~nt{~t~, I~l~ I, ttn artt-[}~• pilot r~[~ ra[tr a7~ ~,~~ ~tirL IttataJ~~1tt
tltr: lat+~tt~ C'it}" nirtir',laJ, f]~trrin~ t~tl~~:~t17; ar. _3t?fl fa:~'t ~t~~~ r xh
pli~ftt~ rrd'~~~,°t:.r~t.l frl~tra ~ancl gtlaan+:~. inr~ILaciin~ tl~~
~>i>s°~°mi;~ltr tc~ura~ ctl'J7~1~ Y~ni~;ltt ~'tntJ ~-farr~' ~C~. ~[ttirlt in
Iti>.~~t w~~~tritlc I~Itt[t~~, [itillt":; ~:x~~ri~.it~;c ~.iT~~cra~rttly° ~:ri~i~aJ
~5'i[lt iti~ rut~~~'tl tct I.14' tarllir~r a~~e*~t iltan [la~i:~l1a l-rs~eMitr~~
~tf'ilta:. ~a3cr~w~~;lttrn7 ltirt~ rlt~ itsiti~rta'~ [ttiaJ~~:lirtn.
~e~cr{tl n~.~v~l,a~~r irtt~n°'ie~;~s +~~°itlt 1{itiltt ~la[ri[t~; aataJ
tti~r rhry 1Ji~.ht, ttttt~~°~:+~t~r, r~s.aar~lc~ Ttia sa~;~ I~car ~~s~t~rit~•,
Int~r~'i.~~~°~ tt~ ~a~~c ittaat~° gx~a€~ lar4r ltrrtl~4r 4r~t~r~lki~lte+3
[Itc ~[~tr~°, ptrti~it4, to w~rlrlirr[~ cy~°'i~lctr tur[a~cl sir rttail pill.
lt;tcl n~tr'c:r ~~fr~r~ Il~-+t~°n tlt~ rt~rtt~ bct3~•~.r.n t~attalts ~,atcl
t~'fi.ic:t~u; i[t t'.ri:r, ]t~ ti~cl nu~'cr~~~~rt [r~a'b~pccl it ft;~~ Ir~'t,
~T'h~ [rtn:~i:c~n'tin~nt~rl t~;~[ iriU'c>'lti~~cl t'`~`~t' plt[t.~::4
,.
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"~
~~
~.
The D~ F-~a+~illar~d ~B,,~r i1H46,w~s a rn~difa~d'MYt~rICl l~rt I vl~s~a•v~ati~rt pla.rte„~€t~~tl'ael#rmi~~tace}thy
army tur<a°te+d vr+er a sa~raall Meet of ~H biplanaas tta the Fast C]ffi~e.Tag~~€I with tfte raicl~rf~rrie *'Fltrtaaing
GdFfirr"° I~eta+~se of the fuel tank's Iona°tivn next t[s the pilvtF the ratiilstari+y C]~I~I was rti34~ii#red f~rr rac~th [~r°ey
eapatlty aa~d safe#y tra}f~are bein, puk into ~erviee as mail plaa~es.
ii~lcla hip ~°rtt*,ia~t: clir:cl, ~~rtiri 1`r~r+:in~ hits[ trt li~~ d€taw~it tai
to n~airk~~, Ii~lal. x~°lt~rc he ~r~tsft~.rl tht~r~u~ft ~ fs:nr.c. Tft~. stir
[tt[il ~t~[ff itttcl~ iit~rtit~;~lirytr; r~.pitir~ to [ftr~ ~x°iti~.~, and [lti;
lia;ut~°n~anr ~~-,a~: ahlr" tca l~+.a~~r. x~ ir~[tta[ lurtlt~r irtri€~l~nA.',
T~~lin~, fir tltrr ~:ritic~l nii~ltt ~c~,rrt~ttt Fth~;
tr~rts~cttttinerilttl r~-~ttts`. ltc.~,t~rt ~r[ ~F~,fart~a:r~~ ~?, I~)?1,
aJurirt~ tltc: ~+enri o! ~~~i[tt~°r, r~°tlt tfit r~rtt~rrlM;:~lal~ r~:la}:
trttw'~liit t,w°~:~t t'r~[tt the G~[~t C~~~t~ lttlt ctt°r~~lticft a~•s°.ra:
~rr~rurtrle:ri iiuc~ tit ~~tstr ~w°a~~tlta}r t~'ltilt,: Mill +*tt~:t rale[It
~~1i^+wi~ai~p. +trt~[i i'<>b=~>, planc:~ [rt+,~~lin~ %a~t T~~.tnt rlt~ ~~~n~t
t~`~t~~t, t`'It~t[t~itt~ pl:tn~:s ~[ttaJ ftilrtt~ tt Ttr~ci~.tcrrttiatt~l~ rr}I~p~
p~irtt~s Ift~ pltl[t ~a'a~ tr} a'.e~i~t}~I~:tL. tli~ [r"atrt~;t~sn[an~[tr~l
rua-i in .~if3 ftarur~ [~r I~:~s, I{ni~ltt';~ Srctti4k~[.~~rrr~ ~lan~ f~t~rk
cl~~+str~k~ci f~rctnt ~.'ltc'+~nnc, ~~~'}°rranirt, nflrrr +~~trk at f It_[tt_,
lrattire C'fak' Llrrprri-i{~ul,^rrry+aerr
~e I~l.aulaland 41E3 rri~il plar~~ ~~~4~, seen here around 19b8, was r~~t~r~~J end Flravrn al~ang tFre tran~[ora#inental'
r-+ns,r#~ #a ~~rrran~emarate the ~t7'~ ~rsrbv~r~ar~y of the first tJ,S. air maal raut~.~'I~~ ~ilr~t stopped at eaelt of #h~ 15
~ri~rl~l I~rra#ling fr~lds@ iu~~larding Iowa Cit+~.Tl~is p'~trt~ is frcrrrr an vnda#ed sa~vertiir bta~'kl~t ~f the flight c~aa~t:airr~d
in tl~e Iowa pity h'lurvr;ipal+4irp+~rt files.
pika3tc~l 4iy' Frank I~• ~f~a~~:r. s;ta :ra~trt~ tip iK.enh I}latte,.
l~a'hr~tska. I~;aaiti~~rt ~rt~kal~saa~ ia] tfa~ `r'et~~cr ~Itaaa~: ~t T~+~~rtla
L'ltatta rrlc.ka.~~ss~l F~ni~lat l~r;an lat~[~r s"~la floc ~.r~~u;r~sJ°'~~,~tt,
Ilac~~r~h, I~~: xt~a~; rkc~l~ sria~l ]acacl~.~l t~~ [3it7~~la~. i~1~'ir~r„~ in
ckcar air at ?,?t~i1 fist faaa~i svrra.~~irts~ tlac C~rctta. I'1~~ir~~ 4~}'
naaaiali~lat. Fl~~iaag tla9~r~u~ly c:~ratrsl ~ls;hririkwse, I+~rai~lat
ra:s;sl9~.d that "t}ac. na~>•nn ~,laa}~~ rntcrrx~itlcnt]}~ tllrc~tlgla IIt~.
~ktaua~ ~~araka, wcnc6ira~ r~te[~cl~lita~ ~li~trl+~~w'-s.illts~tar;itcs tal~rrt
[lac ~r~}~'-l~l~ck c~trtla €t~ I t~ll~~w•ta~ tlat ~i kr~s:r t1arc~icf +,tit`tlac
1'1{~ttts~ ria,~cr a:~~~t~~°~ral." Tfa.~. 4~~r'tis.~n l'~sc:ilit [r~siaa tr~[ckk .~[racl
Lis7~.calra I-lis;la~~~~sv ak~s~ tell{~~~'~s~cl [f~c f kcart~. Lrrtd ~=c~rltiaaatc.~.rs
i~z ~itaalf t{~«~rr~ als~n~ tlroc'14'F~;1-Lexiti~traaa, K~:rrtasa:v,
~ir~aa~~ I~l~nci, ~tt~ ~ctatrtl Cit}g-9~~c~t ~tsira~'trcti t;lr~~w•iaa
tEar~au~la~ut tltc colas Cai,~lt1 t~ ~uia9t and ~ricc~urar,~ir F~rai~lat
~an.c~ tatiitla~ rtu s~lc~ul~t~. 'f`hc: rnana~cr ~.al`~3aaaa[laa';~ airfpalcl
kattcl ~irc~arcc{ liar tlts; rai~lat f~y~cr~ 4iy° illarrTaiat~~tira c~'rr}r
tra:r:, ttr~~~cr. 9nci ~utkicr ir4~~tt~ac:ti~Fns ras~.u• tEa~ fi~,ka~. 1r~i~*ltit
~~cattc;~:k tLr~ 4tirtsclsfr raclt~ciaa~ i[~ ar~faits: ]a:ara~,~r, ii°s.ma
iaaalcs saart s~r~`+~r ~4r;9k1t1C1,"'
.fit a.aa~,. 6~ni~;fat ~ielaaris;,~ [1lt~~altsr fc,r his nc:~t t'u~J
sttrp~, I~~~`{'t C"ity'. I I~. t's~sartcl ri~a rerih-t?~a~cl car l~i~ ~'i~'~:r taa
~ui.ilc laiaaa ra~'+~.r' a~~c:st~rn la~t~°a .ruck +~~~s bciaa~. pcs~;4rc~l srl~~
s:a~ur~~. b~' t15~ atra}rt~ n~}rth~rn ~a'icaL1. '"()tali' floc a~i~ht-
li~fa~~ ira 'tl~,~ ~aat~rac~~ sce:ti~[as cak"flay ta~~a°n~" llickcrcd rrla
ral lairtia. L~tca•. >!Ctai~ht rr:~:~kl.ccl tlasat lac rc.kicsl ~.tatiral~ art
hic "er~anlaa~~;-art~la str,~ar~ hrancla...`cra4aE~ita~' iirarsa the
tts:-rrka t~~inal, a:.k,cckiri~ a~~ c~ra aaa~~ curta~a~~ cr~ur~~: c~ cry'
tin stailc~ [~~ scc it 1 ~a•'svt'c a:~tit~~a.ti,a~ tlasr ~Iri.l~ 4~ll1'a'w4t1!e.x'
-lia ~atrncla ~+.'~~~ ~:~~cadl, ~tas~ tka,r. tna~r~P csiraaFawa lr:al lait3a
~trai~lat tea Da:~ i'~1~airat_.s, ti,~l~crc Sac aaaadc u-rt las~tka floc
l~ar.~clt: ~rs.:rrirad~ cai'1'~}rt acs 1'~fr~ira~:s wail tlac. illraaaxinataeet
~ralcl cl~tratc ~?f`tlac tit.atc's c.~~rita~l. T~:ra aaaikc-a cast. ~f`I)~:s
i'~'1c~iaac~;. lae~~4=c~~~:r, 1{rri~}at'4 ~+t~a~tatla~:r ~.~artcla4ir~7a~ rLt~ictl~,'
clcclirac~t. F,~~* cGa'l't~cl ira sancl~r l~isaa.:in€I lac. ~I~:~~:tita~:l~ci
a~~aww•~ C'arw' ,4•furrrc'il~c~a" .~Pir~,r,r:r ,~
art time4 tc~ just 1 {1{l l~~t a~ti~arr the c:arttr. t~fa7ry~ the ~+a~,y~9
tl1e: c~r~l}~ L~a~~firc Ixar ~~t~P hlar~cl u~ l"rcait7 ~irwt~r~~ll, tl~caat~h
urtalcr4a.~+I~~F~° +~Alc%:r l€~~4~~ti~' ir~ti ~~~~ra: cah~~urc~ E~~^ t]~a: ti~~-
~hett, he fletiti^ i~3t,a srtck~~f ,~rucl lca~t ]ii:~ Iga~rirc~tt-''''
iti~ar'~'k^'iili:tc~an~;l~ur~, thy: ti~~i~t+~r st~~~= tll~ "::~~rt~~aahnra:
li~ltis aa14~1 r~~ilraa~" rtaci tr-~il~:r1 tl7~n~ tca ~aa~wr~~ ~ it}F. Kt~i~l5t
~circlea~ ]roil ra:fu~.lita~ ~tc~~ liar 1~ rtait~aalcs iri tl~a: ~r~ak~~~ t,n
li~~, ai~.~ra:rtcJirsa; °`]~}-~ 4r ~°~nal 1~~~°~r amp°~r tlt~ tc~tc•ti, till :rt
l~~t ~ ~~°~ti. alc~c~iaas~ c;l~urcli ~t~.c:Ftl~.~ ~~r~cJ t~`;;tt~r tsaialcs.'.
I~iaa~lly°, ]A~ ~,i~}~t~a9 tlae.t~.r'~t li~rti~ar sriaaf 1i~1~ts utro t.h~ lii:lal
I~faLC~ tl~er~ fixr tf~~. paifc~t~' la~ta~tit b}• Cltii~i'1`lu~.l~ [-tangy!,
c.~°la~ ~^:~~ llt~rat t~~ritir~~; #i~r l~ir3a. „C+~~13~~,~ a tangy a ~il~at n~,r~~
t~ tfr~ ttrrt~~p~~ o~}~r +~a~t~iclti lye iti. 11~°iri+~. ~rtai o+~~h~r~t~rt Big
ale~r+:~ 1.4a tic~;ca.'~al~ iitarJ~ it a~ir~iecalt, ~~°~ri. ita tl~~. cl~~~tim~.
t~u Ic~:ate a :ctwir~~~ lil fal." Ivaa~~~, l~fcf ~ 1~~.~1 r~~aarla~,
,.1~;'itJi J~a~k night a•a~i~~it~~ tc~ w~ ~~rt,;c;tl;,s trar~~aw pit}~ :~v~ci
ta'lal, an<~ it! ni~lyto aiyd uu~l~r aa6t°~r~c ~+~zaaliticar~4, ta~cp,
}~~h7t I~~ tEC~~ryy~lisfti~al i~;~haa~.4r ~~ Irtr~ ~t ~ri,c:~ cat`~~~c~rla
irq tl~~ sir tti~ 14.~~~r _~tr~~-." r~f'ts:r trra ]~ra~~r cars tl~c ~raautlal itt
Ica~~°;i [.'ii}~, :asacl ac°itfa r~frrart~ al'i~ti~raa~~n~ +~+~~eutlac:r tcs tl~~.
~:a~t, ICni~lyt a~~itti lil~~~l ck~`I` tc~ l~e~tal tra~+ca~ar~ ["I~ir•tc~c~. -].h4
la~taa;lyr t~,~liitik ~I~ll}~irtg ~~~~~r.~ ~lujy7la~rtr~ ~~~c,~rltl "~t~~~w
~.~ r ~ °~
J r ~.}I~e~
__ i ~ _
F^y ^
!~ ' 1~
r 3~tti~ y~ ~~ r
~Ti F"~~3r~C°~SC~ ~ ~~~ i ~~"S~~'~~fl7l^ f`ler~l~11IV+G ~~-_
r*I IM I~ ~ ~ ~~r f I'~`V~1 ~ ,~ _ ,... ~''r~~3:d1q~3.,.. _ -l*+, r 4r -r„~ "'
`s. Y' i t f S I ~•
Thee Jcsw~ arty €~'zs-Gfti~err ran tl•Sis map shr~vrirr ith~ nigFtt mute of CFre'~~Oi~JS~~tb-coast" air email rx,>ute ire it•s
~el~r'uary I ~, I F~~ e~tierc.
SM lrrs~•,~ ~`{4- ~LJ~rrrrrc-r~.ruf r9la•~~rrr°~'
TF~e hest"hangar" at. a l[re,v~ !Cii~r airport was ~ can~r~s terut,Qresbal~l}r siritiilar taa the Ar°rrryl6-ir Service teat
har~gar~ i~e~rrl} yet vpr an this pt~~rtaagraph frcarra the 19~1?s.
'I`h~ I'~st C}ftit~ flew ~lght futa~:ri~tie-l~otmkrmg Junk~r-x-Larsnn j'IL-b mnd~l~, ~ I~rw-
wi~g metal rrion~~rlarae with a ~irmgle gM1i~ 180 h.'p, e~rr$~arte~Thi~ crne is shnwn ire
I'# 19,
r~~~ic{l}~,., l~r3i~lyt r~;.l~u~rta;,1, "last tl~Pr_•,~ C l!',3'~ k~~'it1~ ~m-~°c:r
~r1 iaa•;,1k~t~itt~; ~~°~~rCal. Lr>,,~t~°n, 1i1>ot ~I~am~~'cc1 rfmQrrt I`nrlry
la~mP~s~s, faint strr.-alaw rmC'ala~e~rm Ka]a~a$~r°a:al itt ll>I~; s:~tit_ ~`a1~r:
:~t,vj, ~ r~~Pi ~mrl,mt!~, ~~~l,~cl a,ti'~r tk1~: a`r.t~~ tkl'rlm€; hlariraln.,.,
It ~~t~~ kmrcm~al alter li~ltt ~~°ha;n I ~;c~kSttcl t°kSct,~af." ~rttit1,I
vatic{ l~ryi~;k~t`~ r~.rr,arlcr,k~lr: j~}e.amt~°4 that t1i~,l~t ~+~°r:r tlra•.
ytria`.l, c:calci, Krrtcl ak~~~it1~ I`a~alancl ~f the h°lirjti~~~:~~1
~~°cmul~{ ~rcm~'~ 6~5r {'ra~~:~r, the critia:~ ,t,a~i rra}r~F,~'tr~. rriaci,
at[titlaarcCr~°. C'c,r1~r~.4~ tklar n~xP>~;takf, tr4u,.~c;ar•nlittic:rtl;rl air
nyail ~.5~~~~ la~~~~ilaC~.=~
T{tt i~~,ti~rt~;~iCarle,l rc~~crrts~ ati°r>;; ~luia~k, v,~•irlm ,>~~,r]y
i,mum,~aliatar ctlc~l~ ~n tla~: I,a~~i1, ~ it~° ,t1'li~Cal..lu~t 1~u~7
t{ra~~ ~~Iter rlta: ni~kttritllac tran~~.arrltin,;.rarKrl l1i~17t, ~r~
cxair~.cl Icacr~ll a:cars~ra:~~,raan, I-{k1.rn~ ~. Nall. a:~rlla;el litit
rr~t~°r5' ~le,iC,~° ,~,~+.ti°~~ap~1`, tk'1~ f ~°~&.~'k°-~~drre~fir* t~ ~,artliem a
~1,~5 ttti]]emt>y Sg~~Prt}~ri;rtiati3 I~tar'tlac; f't~~ial.`ierr~i~~. E-1e111
~tl~am lmr~~{~t~c{ tlt7t In~o~°a ~`it~~ ~+~ ca~rC~l ~~e,in 17aCm4ain~,1~~~:
b}° Cm~cun~in~; ~ 1ar~i1 ~:~c11.tn~;c; ~ta,C,, r4alla~r 117~•tt1 saxl~C±~
.~P ~;~:r+r°i,~. 41,x11+3 tc:~eir 1,Plmalin~ ti~lc{, ~'a>li~i Leat~~. r~r~~t~~~~
l7is `°f,l,~;,'~ lla llm~ C°amt~'rrt~rci.tal C'Itth at 1]ta~ tPtcl col'~~'[4ira:la
1 ~? I ter rramn~lr>a~ta~tt ~~I'~ rya{ CtPtrt~~r, ~~tilxaata:al t+~ c:nsE
ti~,f]{}D, ita earrlrx,r tca ~c~~:}rrirrrcrrlytla: llm~ c.xC?~~ta:€I in~;rc-asecl
tir ltaail tr~l~c~_ t~rlta>•rtuo,ePla~l~w°. lCtc ~l~tlr ~tC~o f~tc~a`.cl rlmi
,~~I~ir~Pticrrt csl' its l~*r +a irl>~ l3s:tl~ata>!ir>I in al~a,>.rr ;r rrt~mntla.
Inl s, r~cm~,' thal f~~ra:sClttrJ~~t~°eeJ ~i Ca~.rrr,iti;Pl aiiaCct~,r,r~ ~tka~ut
t~rtan~:ial raltltaart and irStl~rai?~~c:nt~oils 1Cm I11~ aaietia:lal, tCtc
~:lula ktti,wital~,d_ [-laiw~ r~u~h I~m11k;Cr ~afttlal it c:tl~ttriralir. rrm
cask its; ntt~,ttbr;r-~ d'~r ~:lmcci~ll ccmrttrifaurican~ t[y ~r~a@n~,tr
as°ixuliran in {c}~~raa C:it~rar At it.;rrlttkrr>II ntc~rir>,~, in ,~~riil
141 l Pe[~rk~ 1~>I~:rnlater~ ~Li~~~,~s~~l
"111;x: iM4'la~lt[!rl 1rtl~:ltti~r]_~•
•,TI7~. ~S?.1J[}ilJ Crr~c ~,~,„r1
tk~c. li3e.rl~aanirm li~kc{ o`~i11 ~r~,~r1
r~~;~ir~,,, rc~e,~~~l tk1~ f r~t.4.~~t
~`i~rs~~u. `°`~~~r° 13~.t1~ar~~in ~1d~`rr~ t{a
C'l~~ at"Ic?r,l IPA ~;pcnrl 19>li~ an>I~ut1t
r-~f Pncmrtu~' ~s,tekr ~'c~t° Rig I7c~lri tlm
tie;lil:` ~tl~~m. K:arll ~~•~ at'd~orrl rtm
~. l~~til~l ~ h~tr~~llr r~r a ~r~~lay~l% rat
nl' ~~,{J~tltl'? 'l`h~~~ ,1r~ ~r~mhl~t>Iys
ll>lat X31°~: t~~ h~ a>w1~R and sal+~~crl
ti~°it}~ r, $~i~~,k t~ aa~.°~r°lueali`in~;
ncmt}~ira~; t1~Y1t ~r~ttlPi~,:~ lir,r the
future+<-~ftlt~:~'ir~_-,.lk`Ic~~;
~it~' ~1~trPtcli,na tlt~ tidal it .It:l>I~;
~ir,tt.eil ~~r~'it~~ ~~~il[ 1~1•r~bal~l~°
Thnrr~la the {'r`,nrrrt~r~eal
~C'lula 11,r~.~itrrt~~i iq its
crar~~,nit~ill~nl timtauilcl r h~r~~car, it scxxru r~ttt:+}-°'rv~ ita
li~lmj~,rlclirt Ic~ts~~, tt~ait>I Canllia,~! cm~,t rlt~ call tai it;; rrt~.tatil~a;r
li;mr ~p~ci;rl ~ttCa~,~rt. Thy 1'r°~~.~'.ti-~`rta~c°rr c.na~~t,rr,~a;al rl,
le~~t~a: r'tJt3~.~~r1, ~a~°r5;~ "`~I~w ~+a~w°crtlnl~r~t 11,~,~ c,:p~lacl~cl
m~ar°~ ll>,~rr ~~f~,(}t~!Cl ]ia:r+M Erg tl~~ laa~t ~re~trtna~ tkr: ~.it~'
h;,~ rr~~irr~~~ a lr~.rrri~,acltrus t,a9>I{~><~nt ul-~rtlali+:.`it~' e,aaal
11}vu~tr>I~~ ~I'la~.o~,l~. Cm.r,k°~ ~°;rit~al tla~ pit}r tt~ ~~c an.rl
riai~: itt tls~ ~l.,rm~s," Faartlaaar, tht~ ns~~4~s.p,,par relt~ira>I~cl, "Tt
i~ Cti,l,l~c1 tlmal ~ri+.~~at~ errt~rlari~~ r~°ill ~~Pm,71a 1n[~L ~~°c~r tl~a"
Crs,raa~lina art`a~aail ara~l ~.xfrr~~~ ~m4laitac~~ Cmy° ;sir alncl rlmaar
lar~~al clc:lir°a:rirus xw°lll Car: lma~im~°ial~'d l+:~r ~tl[tlc~r~~, tt~4 l,>~~,
C~ea~a ~'[t~' ~cst i1m `csrt lly~ g*r~ttr3al lla~t" in rla~ ;,a°i~tti~,n
l?EASC13~ti.~ra41 tiCiltttl7~llt ~~'i'i3i~ tip rlta,tn I~re'or F~.ta]rltrf~
tl~~ ¢1a.{~~al~ta~a~." lraalceal, r~~ the Ic1~;aC ~{inrrr~.~ It~;~r~.~ tal,~.
tl~~ I'tf;~r~[ r:r~'ic~. La~,n l~ install +ath~:.r i'ry~ilir~:s arcm~rr7+{
tla~:° tn~~°rr ttrat ta~~~>ala{ ~iicl a'vi:ati~~,r1. lrt ~'ul~~, ~'11i,;t'l..r~r1~:
~r7r7cmu,ara`tl ;r x~°1-~laess l~l~~raral; ~0.~ticar7 +~`tmrxltl lay tri~t.all~cl
;,t llta: rirliela{. '°~ati~°crtrl ~.nr.}u~lm lc>, ~~}rnttilw:trlie.atl~.
~~°itl>I ll>.c ~°cls~els al s~:.t_ "C`It~: ~, ircCa:s~ ~4'ill {a~ usa-rel tdm
~~t inlta a:e~rtilrttie,Pmi~,l;tidirl ~~°itk~t paliP~ts ~a~r a,t~l ~~°c~1t. Irm
t:~r;r'rtJira mti°~Pth~r ~aaraaltiaart~..llsas t[, ~a~~na~.u~t f'n~t ~)iit".a.~.
I)~:~rartn~~:nt husitaa:ss t;l~~~.clit~." ~'t1~1 a r~tr~ntl3 later., tk1
I'i~tit,91 ~r~'i~,~ Arta{ tk1a st~ac u,ti~-~r~it}~ ~tttt~€arjtt~.c~l thK,l 111
~.~~mk''~PIt3]1f~tlC 44°~~ulcl ar,~ct 4~ti°~r ~,t+o~:l. 1-#~~{~r t~.~~~~~r san
tlr~ urri~~rsit}r`~k+.°r;.~lsial~ c~trtaltrt~.`;
'["h~. nc:~'a{ I"~ar ;a l3trtt+rr ~I~~ltcr C~mr the f'nstal S~~r~sir`et'a
~ircrb~t't carne tc, ~ la~il ~ y°~;r l;rtcr ~~'Ct~n llt~ .Pc-m~1G~C
~rkricc +d~~;i~;rllar~~.1 Itm~a~'a ~'ilo° as tl>Ic ~a~t~rrr t~ro>!-rintits
ctl'.•tir mail ~cr~'ic;~ in the t`etl I ~~f I!~??. °1'hai~ alc:~i~aaatinr>I
~'rr~b°crC'r'{~`~4fra~alc°r~xa~.~ra~'~arrr°d 11.E
tz9+:aa1t k11a~1~a~ stab"ar7c} rrtcxr; rrrstr~~~. rir~r~~l~ ~u~ulal be
~taltia~rl~:.al licra~; tli~ }~akt~asr a:[~r°tld r>;r3 lc~kl~~.a° L i~.klaira~al_
P'1lelnai~eTS~.~[~ ir11}ara~r.~~nlet~t~ ia1C11rcj~'a{ ul~~r~ajras~ tk7a~
~+L~~`a,rIl111arrll~S r~lalkt~ `al;~Ltralr'7, Ca?C1tikR9ik][]11 t)I°a~r1 L111
at~ltia~tl, ~r1al, :~t luati,~ l~lse, ~raR~tiaan +~~~` RM 11ae~~;ar, ~trst
c~i~V~ ~ft~r t1i~ initi,~1 }?~]k~l1a ~r111L7t1f14:t~k7l411t, ~ir1 S,I~I~i~
~ta~~wrrka~lant C4>'klta"1C1 ~o~`~~ ~~~arti~al tai klla~ I`_'.'~-'[. ~ail~cr
a:aallpatk~y, a l:;il lrrtl, t4i L.r~ci +1 "c:a<rl~wknt t?@ea~::k"
ti~l.ril~i~t~, a°gf~•h~' ]{}fl I`r:~l, ~~~ill1 ~r Ina~~caf ra~aif'~a1aj
:r_s~urir~~ wcanliklua:cl ~~c~;a~ ta1 tlta: e~a•1cl fc}r a<t~rnall~r+~~rl
~ilarlar~, ~E'liaat lav~s~, ~w°fr~91 ~w~•a~ s~aa~al c~r1.f~11}~ I ~Sy P~1a~'~~r
Fa~11ra.°a. J. H~a•+~~t ~1kar1 eaei frfr fiw°+ ~~c:~rs. a~alnacl°rlaaai
a1~a°c~ ~f i~alf~feni~~~ (~arT11 nand ~~:rkt3itt~~l }1ir11 tea artrratin4l
tai u~~ `°:+ais~ ~r~liia:~~~ ~~ }~t~~t1r1°a: Ic~r 1i~-af stc~ank ~katar~l}~ :il
1~i~ ~aw•°1~ risk ~1c~a1 Ircril ti1~ tai ia~•jttr}~ c.>'r a:1akl~a~;cs two ~tc1e}a ai.r
a~t}~~a• ~r'n'~~' "" E3~,° tl,a: ~r1cM cal` ~?"?, t}1~r1, t}aa: Itaet3r ~w•,1~
vii, t11~: ]~~-~~ kwsa~ sa~aler~, axktd t11~ eit~~ a~~~ r~sl~in~ its ~~~~~a1
.r+.°i4atia~>~ 1lisla~r~y,=~
~- ~_
,
d ~;~-
.~. ~``
~t ~'.
a:i}e~~rxka: tsar. ~'4clciili~rlally~, ~+~vrvrrlara~~lt raYprE~4.a1t~~t~~ara~
}~~~r~ k~~ta~titalin~ ~~~it}1 tl1c: ~'cirltri~~.raiKrl C"1a~~ zirlcl t1~~
~ityA,~t' 1~~4°:~ C`it±~r kt~ l~rnlalifa< a taaeti~° ~aa~7l~gcrlla;nl d~~r
t11a ~irfia:9ti°±+ 1~~.~c. Ei;cr~,jtkkt~nl ~kna~ t,1a: ~°1t~= ~i' la~~.w°e C'ite,~
~w°a~4ilci ai ~a1 sr ~~ ti}~ 5 l ,af,~~p I~.a:sa: (ra~clua~ wt9 I fc~e1~ 4b,t1t;~U p.
bakt tltie F'~st~l ~cruial~ rw-elaela9 rs~in~k}ur~~ l.t~f]~J wet ttla~ts
~r1d. t11a: ~`r~rllrrra:r~i~l ~.'1a~lee xe~a3ul~ p~iaak €t~ II>~. cat}1a:r ~fl[l,
la1~.~'.~ +~`it~,':~ St~.kus a; f+:rnrtinvs ~f tl•~~. ~;~st~rra clip°i~ic~e1
fu''1•uu~t~t it iat~:rc;~waai ir11~?c~rt.-ra~a:a:~ E1`ut its la~a~€itdial ir1 Ifl
eltialall~ aal`kla~ rai~}attikr~c s~,~altettl d~i'th~ tr~kn~ca~rltir~rnnltil
clir n1~1i1 r~latc ktl~ant [i~htin~* II~~ :rirfaalai ~a•~as ~r1rlr.Jl.
}r1 Ira=.t, kh~, ~r~tir~ ni~,llllirne ~.c~rria}~r ~.~.ras~s tJ~r~~ ~Ir~tar~
r1~~~ia°cl rrtM~~i~,~~atiaaraal xiicls ifJ1~k 15:rai~llt":;1~rir-r~lisirlg
Ili~hl ~wg:tt~ aiw~rt tin hc: r~.~r1t~:~i. `jai. Ilxar* 8'a~~t~kl ~er~•iabc
)I ~ Jr_;ri'tq di'~tti• ,Ffirrricr~xrf rl rr~xrrr~~
All r:he i<~at~ka~~s ~f ~ wall-built sir r•xlail ~aald ire pia:#k.aar~d on this rnid-193~Is ph•n#~grapfl t~ker~ fe~orxi ~~e~ss the
dart Fled Full highway. ~tirastructed in late d'~2~,thc f~rg~ h~rlg~r rraos equipped with Fla~oe~l3~ht5 at ~e~ch ~r~d.Th~
~a>T~ice building under the,ib`a°ta~a~riCarl flag rrae.~sured ~l} by 3~ faha}t~J4 a~r"a#iai~ l~eacun pits atop the kafl~st t6~v+rer,
F~lane sp~ttaar=F ancit weather ~t~s~ruers ca~ufd elimis to the d+ecls at the tip aaF aha: I~wfer tower, wtwich assn spvrtea~
a ~a~ndlt`gkt.Yhx'ww~c~den t~erver hid been €nclrasea~ fay the. time+af the next Ishestogl°aph,
,~
~ s
~ve:rit C~sck tee ~'aar7~,rc~s:i:n€I tl~r~~o' era.i~~°,i tlr~ ~41L1ntla:t.
~t a'-:a~~ra:tcci rrrta.itltr ] anlliun, arg,rrirti~ that. °°unl~s
the rt~illia:rar ii: ~rrrrlta:~~.rltcl tl~~ rT'IaiC savr'e~i~~ ~lla:ttr~e;c~ tai
~a~ a~n ++'illti at.~ rl~~ ~lt~lslnr~.nt, it 'a~•r±uler h~ hartt~r to rlrc~p
the ~e•17a~1~ tl~in~,.". II`°`.i,ir~,Cari~ ~,~.rl=~a is ah~lrcl~?na.:~C,"
r~~ravntati~c.~ ~.airitriu~a,l, °`lhat ra~~ry slid tli~ cfc:x'~:le$~a~tr:mt
a.7f t:vtt3r~ti~a`eiia] tl~in~, iii tl~i~ ae€~untry.`' Tlie °`paz4~aaia:~~aeal
tl~iiri~,", r~°r~~t: a~sn~ ~~`a~hin~ta~lt, C~_C'., rr~~ar~rta<r ~1.1<i~~twt the
~Isria~~~, i4 t11i9t "~~ rcca:ritl~=.a~ 1~1~, ...t1~er Ca~c~~t v~~ar
tirlrt~-a~ a]llt tes ~r°aita:ri.wtrate< h~=.~~tr.a~rl [~:~1 -~i.Plro~th~.r it ~w•Jis
t~tir~il~la~ tix attarr~ilrt tca a~.srrr~= r~rltiriC l''~' air~lt~rtie;."
~t~rtiwti~~ {a~°r~n.~~laerllrlin~*l~•' ear~ltt]rri~~~l tli,tt it t~°.r4
~aai~~i~rl~, "h4~t tl~+: ~ar~y~: ~~€~a~rirti~rit 1~{rti ul~e~ a]~a.~r~r n
tl~alt rlir~a~l~rlt~~ ~•r~ pr~.~aititl.~• ca]r~rslte=cl, a~3ntcl~', i17
eta~'li~,ltt urrly, c;arvt~at ra~n~~e:t~ '<~=it1~ tr~in~ ~~:; 9t~:~il
~.arri~rs a~ rr ~r~lr~tic,~l brrsirr:r:~~ 1't Ci~~t~silic~r~." ~.ha;
Itrttlrc~ f~l t~ir t3~~lil~, ,~~~i~t.~rii f'ca~;taati.l~t~r [i4ne:t~tl
H~.ncl~r~~lr ta~l~ t]}r~. ]t+.ru5ei appra,~Prir~liepr~ ~a~tfi'Ilnittc
raNr`e:.titly° Cir"~; in itii~~ht i7~•ira,~.°"T]ya: ~I niilli,ei~lt
~~'~trCr! kaci veer tee ilr~~niinstt~ the: sck;r5~~rtt Ucto4~a*e;i-i
(."ltie;y.vnc ~Itct ~C'l~i~t~,ci. id~ntir"}'iris :~rlti~ ir~~}~r~~~°iti~
31 ~tylcr~cn~~' I~Ililin~ ir;°Cr<I~ tri{rt "~4•ill krc 47tltlir5a'~
ir3 li~l3t~ ckd~.t~~ rti~ltt. ~.4~~nrac~tin~ tlr~ ~:r3~a;r~cn~}~
Ci~lris +ea'ilr h-i Ixiatarn7Al.i~: ~Iliclc li~lit~ir~vvt tltr~~.
rriira=~ rr~rdirt.'° T11c ~cr~tdll 5~r~ ii.ai ~;a~l its iiarieliir~,~~` This
T'I~rc~u~laeatrt
t}t~ r~~t ctl`thc
r~l~r~~;~eitatw~c;
~~'~rkcd I.e'r od~v~tit+~~
Irxttiiill~", Iii~:lel~.
In ]vti~°~r tla~~~
irre:lu~l~c] .rirt~Cels in
44` I I iyrr715~+lIr~,
I~~4?nt~~tyly~a.
Re~stz+~r, ~`ar1i~C~.
. ` - N f3c~uria`.•~~ i C lei 113{itrn ~ 1,
,~,~;.~
_ tlrlet C),~I;lyllti[I,
~~-~ ~i13SCli1CK'~tie~llti
rc~guir~.~l th~3t trivia;
d~~C{]~ C~~ ei~itit~nc~l
r~ : .
_~ ai,erul ~~ n~ila:s
~r~art .In~l h.~r~'r~.
a~1L~r a~C3r'eit~lr~;
t~~r al~uvt ~I~ ~~:~~
a.7°crpirt Irrracl,
_1..~~ ~~r~~°c~ra~a~y~,rYt
raCatm~.~] t~5 ~alari~ thc. cmer~ri~~v Ci~1cls +~=ills si~xia] li~flt~,
13c~esaJli~,rit~. t}nd Caridins; 1i,~lkd~. C~cktri,l.r ]~rrr~in~; airlkelil:
su+:l~ IS; laa~+~°a ~'t~° ti~'artr]ci haw: tli~.~e i ixturaa, ~]sas kai•i~lrt
ra~t~~ti~ti~ ~~tic:c~r~a ~It~~l-i high t~txt`crs. ~'eann~ertiti~ 4~1] tlac~;
i~rzcjira~ I~erlel~ ~--~~erl~f C~~. I~~a~c,rr~ ip17 sl~rrt-t~r tr:o~~~avr~,
~p~rccc] a4~=ar~° tltii'~e: ritiiic:s, ,fit tlic Irrk+~°~ C'it}' airti~rtl,
{~•hcl~ hirel r'a<~a~~rtitl}' l~;err'I n:~rrr~c] t]'la~ 4~`~Iltrr.r ~, Sli~itlti ]=iclcl
to ]~~~rte~r {}r,~ e~l'ti'r~ Erst. air IYi~il te;~t t~~'~;r:~. flaas~c]]i~]tit
~~~~rti: irttitir.ll~~l aan tly~ ta~5~~~ri"s nc.~~° I~$~rr~~rr. r~4tia:1 a it«x~
.~~r.~l{}[7',Cl ~~Itnll~" te~~'e°cr ~~=:~s a:r~ct~.ci c~ti t]ie; fi~Ma.l li'~°
- ~--~~
,_ - ~'
.~
t. r~Y
',,at '~~
pte Ha~xilla~i~l is rnarkazd""rti~rair°it:~nara~car plane:"
l~na~ rAe'ra=r4lfrrrriL'~}~cr~°~~~~~~a;° r;
Thy res~rv~ ~~ #iawilland air m.ai~ plans way pulled outside that r'sanar-'4v stage ~lae
scene fow thais ph~t~graph taken in the mid- to Ia#rr-I 9~1~s.~°he photo,gr°hers ~rre ~ee~n
here preparing t;h~ir e~mer~ €q,U~pmer~t, sugga~sting that ~~ren tFre pact ~i phrotogra~hin
an airplane ways r~peci~! enough tca be re+rttirtl~~l. l'4o~ke the vbser~ratia~r~ t;s3r~r~r has been
erarf ose~d.
9
~, ,~.
the ~a:~irtit~ort~ €~I"Ju1}. ~c~a~n r~~t.}rt~ ~iltercal b~~.k I°ra~ot~
r~.5ri~c5ta asftere:61 !~}ti4'ns ti~'li~d ~:~ulal ~~~. ~u~we~ l~`ity'w ~r~.{it
Y~a~,,~~ h~frta3~ry Il~~~fn :ti~.ra~ss tli~ir ~k~`_'fe
frti ~a~ici-d~rY~,aY~t l~}?~, the tir~.t tc~t a~i~117~~:.r3tirr:.':~r~:z~c
+~~l~it~ ~~°~a}„ +.a•°~~ urtri~r ti+-sY~.• ~~~h~r~ ~il~t >~_C_ rnitf#.
1un~ccl iry Bd~u~t~ lr'it~e ~I ~7.4Q p.t7i°, AYl~u~t 7 ~, ~~~; ~~~tts
~r~~t~rl by ~ ,a~f~st Ilirc~tyk c~f}~~a}}~I~" rnlhaYSra.~ti~~rfLy
~~~islti.n~ ]airt~ ~vell_ It ~~.~a~ ~ rrc~n~Ymrijit}~ i~+~°+cYit• "t~
~,~:ry~~•~I ~dtal~lic~ity h~tai h~~ri ~,i~~c~~a tlri~ ~r~litttin~ry 1~i~1~t nl-
I'lcrt :~rx~itla f~Y~t ni~lit," tlr~: f'~c:.~°.s•-["1r~_c~ar r~pr~rkcti, "bawl
~~°1.~en, ai ~~:~~1 l~.r~. ef~~. gr+~4`# li~1ti#~ k-~~t~n tee lCaYtr~it~tt~: tlro~:
I~e~~t~~~:r~s Iti~r~, thr ~a:,.f~Yl~ cat the ~rYn}ti3uttiit}e ~~~I~a~ Itpia~ h~~r~
t+~.~a~in~ the- I''rc'.~•.~•-~-tlrv~rr 'ca.rlkltit ~arY' ~tr~~l ~irtcl~.rw#a~irtl • ...
~cta~rrli.~at~ly ~;a~lrn#I~:ss ~u[c~~~tic~l~ilt:~ Ic~rtl~a~•i#t~r 1:~~~~Yta la
tL3r~ar tlacir it~t~.rr:~tcrl ~-+ntia:~ t 1~~3yjamia3'~ bailix~°i~,h_
Tlt~.r~la~r~, irk u ~l~a3r# lirn~, tl~a: ~7rs ~+,~~:.r~ I'~r~r al~~:li. al~.~n
Iltc ri~~er rc}YCi, I~aalin~, to ~Yt~ii I-r~Yiti ,Ul;rni~~r I,u»~'s
I~~lcl°"' ~4'itl~ l3» ~tY~c.cs~i'ul ca~ncl~r~i~~~~ a3~'[]~~ n~;lildin~~
w~~tin~? iY~ f a)?~?~ t~r~cl #1~~ k~n~lcn7~nt<•~ti~~ of rr;~ulur
El[51'Y~l[l~! lrsrT7~Ca~r1tYI7Cnt~l fl7iC111~11 S~r~r'14:~. ilti l~)?-~, ~~~e••tt
C,'#y'~ ~,aa~ili.ra7~ in t1s+:. t3.ailc~n's sir ~ltail ~y~~t~m r}c~maii3ctf
~ccrYr~ f+~r tltc. nit tt~~~ y~r^arti, In l9?£,. Iay~ ~;~~s>ii~~. cal"
the land~~~trrk fir ~;'a5i~~rraarcc r`~a:l br~u~hfl til~a,ut tl~c
lir~l cc~i~~r~a~cnsi~~~ ~c[+afr~.~ul:~#c~r}°°' ~t~nal~irci;~. ~~f~~:
a~#'~ iin~~ucl, trr~,uth~.r ~~.ei~lr rf~in~ ~asr~iY~~rai~sf tir~°i~ti~Yi
it71~r~~ls. ka-aru1cl cltYa~~,1}° hrt~~.l,i~ ~h~an4~~~~ Ica 1~r~~i1
~irliclcla, csci~ll~• f~~~k,, #.~i«`s.'.
Seen here ir'N kl~e nlid-d 9~Qs, Snrtiik~ ~ielsi was well equipped for night la~n~ir~gs dkl{l' reedy ko se~w'rc+e and fuel the
kranscontinent$I ~it° rr+~il planes.
1.,7 {raM fP C ffL' ok~fdddldt'tJNdf i~fF~lfkFF
~y signing the firstt ~rity lease ~f kl,e B~rrja.rrtiirr
airfeid in I9~~,Ma~~r Emrn~J.l•-la~rrrat
irritieted the pity's Irarag farrn.a~l relationship with
the l~rw~ ~Iky I'~~nl~ip~lAirport.
~I~'~Im rnt~ Fi~lc~ ~+~ Iu~r~ncipl
1~1~]7~rt, I'~1~-1 ~13~
E'usl~~~i lir5t h}= tlt~ tielalttnal~ tai"a4't~ar~c1 ~~'~r l a~ttei tla~:t1
la~~ a la_~_ k'dsr~tl kllit~~ rJtrt~rn~tne:ci to dc~a°cltaiia atir tyt~tif
sera=i~~, tlt~. utlhtlt ~+~~i~ttitatt ina3u~t~~ ertl' ihr 1 ~~d~~ 17;tcd
ta~lct:17 a 17.4t~~ lc:ala t+~rt~•~rrl 1'rttrn the 63allc~oaalist+-teirncef-
fCl°c:r'~ t:af I ~) l Ci_ Ttiia lcan~tr tliti ~t~'iaalai~r~ ~trst Ili' cane-ni'-a
kind ~tt:eiai,l5'n~~ art ec>'unt~ f.~tir~ ~anci rn~in ~tr~t~t~spian~c~r~el
c~hi~siti~ns. Pl~ncs. -4~~;r~, tttt~rtut'~~tnturt:~l tt~ a rrurt~h~r
ra6`lar~;r t;~,aatp~nir'.~ thtYi ~~F~r~ o~°tarltin~ la:arc6 t7t7 1.61.4 e~lti
atir~lr-+~°irtt~~.~e elc.ai~at~ rta int~-rt~~°r~ rclital•Slit~•. srtl~t4', rtnel
~artr~cs ~.ca~rttit~,~_ L~zrntiin~; ii~lcl~ ~er~a~s the ~.autttrr°• lr~~el
rra~t~~t;ti iirc.~n1 lalasl~nal rril~:tt ~;t~trrr~.~, avlittr~° t ~iltrt trai~Elt
e~tr~i~*e tla~ ~elcl cn~~~, to ~rtt~~ tetrtl`~tri~s~ ~rrc,3sa,tatt`tB k~y~
lactl tiulltroriti~~ trtt3 ~.i~~i{. ttr~:at~i°raria.snw, ~letr~a~i~t>I~il~~;
a p~~din~ atarttrtt+:rti~l ~Srasn~.aPr nli~ltt ~~°~n n~tPu~v the .
~~.~:dartcl ""fit" cal`{;t ntatll 6}Inc d~~'na~, ~ittr~° ~r tti€!itt ~~rtx~ the
e~~untr,~',. ~~~ lh~ 1~3'~~~ tirtr~~' tc~ ~ nl~s~_-, tla tl~icl cad`a+~~ialarati
~~.~~~ iat~ist~ti rea ta9te: atttarlt~r ~~,r,;ttt ;~r41,.
~s:;i_~tartt I'tt~;tar~;~~tt;r (.icrrc:r~l t1t~ l'rrtt`~~r tiicl nt~t
intctttJ tca [ac itt rlt~ i1~•°irr~ htt~ints~~ ~~~ ~=~11 ~.~ titic I~et~tal
sr:r4-ie:~, kaul he 61ae1 nts alt~rnz°ttitre;s in Iii. Tltr,t ~w~e~eolti
chaa.n~t:, ltta~4'r~°cr•. Fcei~a•al ln~i~iettiitan in lil2:~ tnel 1~:1~?E~,
rte ~u~~ll a~ C'h:tr'I~:w I..ittt~~t;r~;lt'~ 1na~ Fu~attl~lrit}~ tnlluow~in~
Iti~ !~•id}~ iel;?7 trsattsatlanti~ I'li~lit, t;at~tlaullee! e;tartartt~r~ial
eta°tttican ~tr1 t~f` i1a intlai3try° ~1rte9 t~°t`_1] itttc~ its itcle~le~ctn~~°
-l hL r'~irt~~til ,pct tit i~~?~ {ctcxrtuttcual}° c7ld~cl 1.htr K.t`ll;,' •~ct~
'4~'c~.~, ttt rtS C5t.4'tt'~'4't?ft~ti. °`e:Cl~ ~tCt t{~ t;n~tal;IfMrt~"C t;e7171n71'.rt:a,11
.tt itittieln anal rta aar~tlaatri:rt` tl~t: f'ta~tnttt~tcr t~tts~ra.l trt
casratrtis;t Ic~r tl~stil a~r~°ict*.," ~~~ Jattu.~t•~ I t1~fi, eetrttrti~,tw
hatl bt~,:t1 ~tt~°a.rtl~ti t~ ~ri~~t1~ ~irt:r~l't ccan~~yiaaRtr~ ttar ;all
tht` #trt:elt`r e+~ttt~~, 6~r3t that titi~ tr<rn~t:c~ntirlcntrrl etaur'~t:.
L't~'11~n thy: C'ulut~tbi~, ~~ tlt~ tlrttn~e:esnlincntx~tl r~utc: >r4'~s
tlt~:n t`111t`ci, tg~as ~~il`~r~al tli}r i3ri'r~cattf ceaattr:~nt, ~fati{snerl
.~ir'T`r~rraptsrt, ila~~iati~O' t1~'iat~ the !C'Itic.t~t~tr to l''t. k~~c~rtkl
I~t`tl~r rtatatt;, ~~ calt the C'11ic~~~ ter 1\str+r~~ Ytarlk ;~c~ratat~t
esl`1It+: C'talttmml~ia, its. Q~~n~ stir ~I-rtrns}~can, tr ~~0.~ttitl-
ba~~d tt~~tttetl'~~:ture~r c11`nrt;~~ lrain~r 6alstt~tc~, u~~ta titt`.
~irirctJ i~'~kt~a?a :~~w~tlaanr i`rcarn ~iric~~~ tt~ ~~rt E~rrtn~iwc~,
~ttl~~r.intit1ll~~ tancltrrbie3ilirt~;e11 {,tlt~rt;cs»7~~titcar;s° I~t3~:ir~~,
cstl~~rtel to [~I~° tltt~ stiJif ["gar jar~1 ~ I _~(~ per ~cattrati, ~~°I~ilt: ti~~:.
ntF,~t t:lta~c.~;t hicitl~r ~~~st;~ ~°'~stt:nl ,~1~ir Tr~ttts~car~t ~t ?_?~
pt<r ~ataurttl. "Ti} nt~ ati~;ril, '~~'~,tt;rtt. air strtel r]iltt.r~ ~arestt::~iec~
tltc ~t~~v~vr[i, t>I1L~it1~, t11:ti1 '~~'illiryttt 63cts:itt~; ~l4u,ea~cl tea
iin~rrt~t< hip: flir n7:ri1 rtatrtc. ~~~irlt }~rn~~~:~1~ tli-elnl 13t,eila~,`s
ryt~rn4i[tt~letrat~ [pdt~r<~tirset, lar~~uaait5rlal~~ t~ ~t:t t ttae~t itt tlt~
ele~~r tur tlt~. rrt.lil rtrul~:;.=
~~°"ilfi~rnt 1;° IJ~~in~ (I ~€ E-d~7i~~ rtitJti~ Iti:~ lrt tlisrltra~c
in tits i'srcii~ ~lclt~lt~~'a:~t Ititaatiht:r l~uwintrs~ t~nti b;~e ~4`t~rit~
1~~'srr l ~~'~l~+ prutittcin iluttt ~id~n~,~ artc6 6riF6:tne: trfrin~:rs
f~,r the; ~.~_ i~l~a°}~_ 1'4~~lttn l3ca~in~ }~~tan 11z~ ~~-t~tract tl~r
rltc ltan~ t~r~:~tt`ro~ ~~~rtit<nt is#~tlls: trat~s~tanti.ti~.ttttl re~tttc,
c~at'rd'r;;iii~~ trn~in~tPr~ rc+el~.~irt~:l earl: oaf tlttir tntaelcls 1i~ tt
.trti stir-ccac~l+~tl trrt~irtt', elrealapin~ tha: ~~~ci~ht cal`"raatiaotr~r~.
ialuratibia~t~, ;anti c:~rcalio'r,~ d3uicl" .lrael irtcrtrrMSin tltc i°n;til
t:rta~s~ca :.dils~rcitsv_ C=`rllk:e9 r9~w'a'~',r~F-I?r~k~.~~.r~t3 ~-~17, tdt~
e~f~iti~tat ~Istrtc tt't}4tlii ~c:ncrate~. iar{~litw i~ar 6c~s~ittt^, r~t'sr
Tran~~tart trtar3t 1ltt; tir ttitail ecs~rtrrrtt, c~~~n a.1 ~ f ail a
p~iaaand, 13~° .~trl~ d~~7, 134~~it~~~.`~ 16ct:t cal'lalatt~~, altatt~ evirlt
tdlta ~:nntip~trty':; n:~.~•Ir~' hircel. ~'~.-Tot i'lic~: ~ail~ts ~taatl ~1ai~`
alu~tt~ trite: crttirtr cetirrielltar-ittcluelitt~ I~rt~~J IC°il~''a: ~1~aittl
F'i~lt~~•~+.~t;rt` rcrt~~~ to ~;tztrt 9ti~ntilit~~ tlti~ tatttie3tl'~ Ic--n~z:~t
atir nafril t`t7ttte.'°'
,+~ ~cn.~~atai 6at°t'e cal`~~dcral 1~.~.~iatiurt, I~ts~c~l ira
,~•. .,
*.
.,
5
[]~ F-#~vi[I~.nd rrtiail planes ar-~ lined up for ~xFti~it~n in this vinta~g~ pt,~1`vga~apllG ~~om the t 4~Qs.T#~~ I~~aa;ivn is
~1e7C [vYt~in.
fc~f+'r~ C`P~ti• 4l~~fa~•i~arrd.~i~~•~~rrr~ I
.~
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+~ # r ~ d ~ gip,, ~'''~r~'~,,c,~:ra
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T'I~e sk}r eras the I;imit in terms of e~a~6nnng air- travel +~e~th local mu~eipal Funeti+~ns, ac~cnrdi~g #~s David ~uk~e,
author +~f ~4~rp~rks oa~nd~4r`nwa,ys.: ~a~t, ~p,errrtiorr andl~arnten~n~c~ { 19~~j.~h~ authcar's b3rcls~eye drawing ~~ tl~e
"+avell-equipped airpor# of the iut~ure" i~eatured a ~ubli~ gulf ccaurse and club h~c~se {along left side grad bc~tt~m~,
and ~ rnuni€ip.al stadium (be~txvrn rgh# side).Arport facilities ntlu~J+e~d a d%ri,~ible mooring t~awer,l~angars fer
airlines and vissting planes~a radios ae~d weather st~tion,aa3d an admini~kra#io~ and #errnan~l ~va:iiding.The plan
e~+en included an "~eri~l tourist hotel:" ~~vering all bases, th,e dra~nring ct~r~tained ~ sealalar~e han;~ar and water
inlet along the felts aE ~Se top, but, ~~dly, rti~ ~unr~r~~as.
c
~ ~ fr+ts~ar C'ir~• ;~frrrricv~raYl~f rlr'rfaaaa~t
l?fa, al:ata prt~C`~auaatilg° zkl~'~:rvt~ti ~~art~rfif~r~.i~l a~aiatitan
rsrtrl ih~ ~,v'~•t~, in +;+~°Iair;.l~ C~ac~rl I'~~iliti.cs ~w°~r{. ~rra;~~~cl~~l.
f`rts~a~c ~af't13~; r°4ir C~oatttt7r~.~ pct tartau~~l,t =-hs.~trk tlar lieu
:;~nifia=aalt I'~ti~.ral r~~ul~t~~r~ in tl~~; ~laai~,rt, li~:~:tt~in~,
anct aa~t;rari~~at ~al`sairaarrali, -)"hs: ~tCk ~:rl~ca ~~1~7talisl3c.cl
tl~;ar. ~~°ktil~ rrircrrtl't r~~*ularicaati +,~°uraltl Iaa~ tlt~ jnh eal°tht~
Ictiarrri ~r}+.~~:>7yta3~nt, ]rrntiirt~ t:~reClitiws rt~attrarl~:ti a itrcrrl
o}ali~~ti~rtt. This ti~~i~;iraoi ~~l`rc~w}~aaansibiliti~s }+,°.~~ kr~ca~+~°rt
~~, rlt~ ``tiEa~:lc c;~anr.`~~k." ~~~itla r[:a~at~ ia>I rytrreitirtrc I~stoat•r tta~.
cl°rarr]c ~nn~ar~r c:rrllcti I~~aa- lt~~ral "}corks„ to latrilti, ca}ar:aert~,
rani! traria3taia~ t]ys: rtia~ira.lai ~frciliri~., e~°]~il~ tl•aa: l:~s,I~rkrC
~;ta~-crr}tt~~.a7t ntrtirttairt~:tj tlat ti,:s~.kt,[i~t~ ~a~ir Crattkr:~ ttattl: tlt~
airr~a~°s in ~~^nural° ~rnpitla Fi~ltl in I~~~$~~ C:it}~ x~°attlcl tii3tara
I~~;tar~r< Ean~;atkn sr;~ It}+~+~•a Cily's `~{~tir }suet,°' ~t<r~~•ia~,€; C°!ntl~
c~nlr~~l air a7ti~•til l~lan~s tanci aa~ irtr~r~:.=as,it7~ rtrrrrali~r~.r ctl`
~eir°atc rvatnry}urt:i~l tl~urs. ~'
]3tat?.iati~; t~~t:~: tar~sitia:.aat, I.cit~•arki Hr~l•aktr3r~C, ~°isitttd
t~titla f=iclti as cra-l~° srw,~'~~rril Iat?~' tee clro~tP)4 fi~;ld
c:tan~lititanti anti tua~frtxt Irate arrttn~o°tttca~ts xa~~tCa t15~: It1crrN
ar~auai~aticari. '~~"Itc:rt Flral~laarei rtt~:t ~C"Itarttlsc~e cai~ C.'can2ar~trcL
ullicials., tltc: ~aas~:il7ility ~af'~aurc.haaia~~, ~atai4h Fic[a3 ti4'as
rais~tl, anti I~ca~irl~ sa:~rtia tc} ltkt~°a; pCrrg~~ai a laaatid tl3:~t
~,:ItFaaaala~r ~tiit:iasls ~~°crL arstatl lu :~e~ir3t-tlttlt lo•~4°tt City
a~ai~1~k a7ul rurrtrrin can the ai:r rt7:~ti7 etjut~. uotlcs its f;teilitiuw
~:c~arai.irltia~~l t,u irtrita°o~pu..~ lot~~ rlrayrs lart~r, tCa~: {'a°~~°~°..~-C'~rr;'c~aa'
~a},irtu~l tltat "UCarrartt~:rcia~C ~{vi~a[ic~at, set ira~~-sM C'i€}rv xa•°'ra]I
kncxa,~~w, hrrs hecraaat~ strcaa~~l~' asirrtalislara°~t in chic cnsantry~, It
is aiu loaa3~,~r rrtcr~ ca4~a~rian~.oat°_._`]'l~e ~~callrrrier rai'~aaw~~n~er
lraf~ic: in tlt~ air]tas iaacrcras~;al tiur~ari~in~ky ~~aF°ith] vrtsti}~
aaaar~ Il}='rra~ siurin+~~~ It~"?ra khan h+~:ltarL," Sli]], l~urlta~3
rca ~rsstr.lr~ tl~c a~~aatu~rns tai" ~i~aoeC Itoa~is ~aij+. ~a~~~t~a. taf'
xa°hcant kht:a°L. ~~t~ra~ a>Iyart~° Ir~~.al r~}~r~.~a~:.ntttia~cs, tCa~ ~tliltar
cutttittetr*.aj, '"This ~aP°tslrltiaa>t ca~`uir aura°i~~ ~ ~~~ill r3 cal]
a_liturh, inte;rl~;rt° ~~~itla ter k{~1~~ thrr ~rCrrc~ oF~~pi'tra~~a:d
rttrrranw cal`iransl?tsrt an tliu soliel caa•tlti. Tltc:rr r~°ill he
uaauta,l~ fr~atrarta~c tae all."'"
Tlas~ local I~r~.s~: ru~arbrt~tt clot°tliairin~ ~~'waatiks
a~c5laar~;a°aaiaa~; ~rt~itlt I/LLicC~l tltrtatr~l~tatal 1~1~7 ~~~it]ti ir3t:rcasoti
I'r,:,~r.G4n+:~°° ]aa aa~itl-,"tlaril, ra 1 il-}~:~ss~a~~,t;.r ]alrtotic stc~}a~r~€I
in lue~~'rt C itr,°, cacti tltc l~lraaa~.'s iott~.ricar t~°a:~ tl~scriC~t3
i'or rcaa~crs of rJetaiCt ~ucti.tirt~, ~~~It4{t ;r r1~~~.- c~aa~c~pt
p-asscra~~r ii}~iaa~ usr~ r~ntl the rt€a~°elk~' taf`~~•cry` a~sp~et tat'
tr~~irrttara. "Tl~c p]r:n~: Fa7s ~ I~tt~; cnt:lc~s~.d lautiy xe~itla ~ €]
u~ah~lslta~s:tl eats arean,~e:d as itt ~ latas_ It is ~:yui~}acci
~~Pilh tt rrttiiu utti `I luaatirare_5~uc.' [iralli~ltl t`ratcrldriaini~rit"~]
~~°~~ ikra tl~,~ sir' ~kPlt~ra tltc ~iiaal ,+t•~ras ttretacrl ttk ~°tcconarxtorlat~;
inlt'ri;sta:~l iGt+.~:°a ~°itiatiw ~+~°Ctu ~alla.cr~€I arcatratci tft~: ~It,t
ttxlsr~°° ;Il iltc ecatti~lvr°ts aft°t p.~ar]+or gar arc: It>urttl icy Ilti
}~]rtr7r. tattd tlt~. ~a~,s~.ati~a`.rs ~1+Lrau tir~,~st*rl in ~~arin~ strike
~~ lltout ra~°ara~~]als," !n ltujc., r]tc nr~~-w~ra~er rrnnctvncod
t13a.1 [~o~.iajt~ Ct~tl ]tira:`~l 19.caktrr F. k3isltta~a, iI>I~ I.ca~~C rtitaeato~~r
anti rt ~~.~i~airt~.,~ pair n,ai1 ~i]«t in ]tip o~xr~n ri~lu, tca rays Cara
ait tlt~: sirCi~;]cl. Fxrrlho,r, kltL 1?ost ~~c~a< iiatarr~rti~.~l t~~ I.raa-n
llti~: rrt~lita Irci1ili~~: can r]ae fi~:lti aa~•~r taa l]~~ I~~~,arkrtiatxt
~~l`t`°c~at~at~t:r~t; Etta b~ tt~,zirataiot~~ tlrr~' rara4i ni~lyt. ti~~itly
thr~ra ra}at~ratur~ W4~ca>`1~ka~ rsi~i~t=I~~utrr :~~iift}. ~~~13i1~. ~rlC tl>,c
+otlt~r t:~r:iliitit:.:~ atErauCtl kai ~i~~cai to thy: lta~a] rttunirri~taCit}'..
filtas ~ai.,y- irn}ar~w~i~•~:, c:ttirtai~avrirt~ rlaat llt~ fad-rrtre
lanclin~; li4lcl hrrtt kacrrrt iora~art>,~~~°tl ~~°ith t4 r?~~-1}}'-C~1~-foal,
Itiaia~:rtr° its 1~??~.;tn ~eflica~ C~uilciin w~~tt~~ tiotl~ ~EtEta•[1~=
tltcr~.titkl~r, ttai,al 1rr~l-ttitt~ ccitai}art-rcart, la+~.~~aaoys, ~rrt~i ktt~~°trs
Ea~~ 14)~~, rill '~`4llat~l 'clt ~ 45,~]i?C~. []c~s~ity= thr; cicyek e:nne;~}3t,
~tncler a~•l~itlt ilt~ pit.}• rtti~lit ltrr~°~; 1~~.~n ;rsl~~ti t~~ bud,
kh~ fa~:ilitisas, it ~ua~:l~' rt~~lele; at~tar~ tense for k]t~ ~otick°,x]
~,o~°ea°atat~~.a~t lca r:nar~~aar~,a~~ ~~~'ialian ~,~, Itaikytlita~ aa~r~r lhre
t~~.ilili~s tta' t1,4 lcacr~l trtirthtrrir}' a•atl~t~r tlsart ~c-11 tl~aa:m rca
tCt~. t[~a~7a17~~~i~l r9ir iaratl ~.ua3i}}~lni~~_ °~ncl it ~+in~]a6~' at~~tci~.
~,r)ia(i taat~irtc.~~ s~.a~sa: to lairs: t]au t~~~acricncetl lac~stal stag`
arttl fl}'urn; ~~~Itca It~~~l juwt la~;l tl-aur ~uG'~rnma~rtt jc>'bs.a6
'l7ta'b thy: tir~+l lic~~in~ rtt<<il lalaa~c° taua`.17c~i ~u}~~n ral
]it:~tt }a.ka>r. can ,lktl}° C, 1~~7', oars tlau initial t4~a:~tCraraarnti
trip f`rraai~ ~:Itiarti~;u, it etas a Roll licaa,ar is-t~, bart ~bI~~J to ~fflU
Ita~ti°rt C`it~d a•a<.sitC~ttt~; Mill ~~ruri; ~` rrikin al Snaikh f i~liJ t~tar
rr cl~aarycc to ~csat~rataaC,yte kh~.a>s°alcar. ~+~ccarciiaa~ t~>° tit
Cc~~at] }arus:~, alaiw a~~raw `°kl7e 11r~;~.s.t ~rat~,°'~l titt the li~ltl ;sia~rR~
Halo rain rt,sril lli~lakw ~~°c:r% iktaaJ~urat~tl°" ,~btin, klt~ rtitar~"cl
in the I~ocrtl r~~r~iri.ur"a ~4•tard.s ti~•a:s cl~~~r. "This la'i~ s]tla,
~li~t~otirt~ iat its ~i1}°°cr s:orat, lama}ar:lluci lay a otiatar.-t;:~°linti~r
Ia'ra[l-~.R~']aitn~.}~° ~.'~°rts~~ lnarcar c~t~aCal~. {al 12~ nailcs ata hcatar.
rnt3 I.~+~~+ Isuuns caf pass~n~;4r arttl a~sril t+:°~i~,lrot, ~4°~~ tltc
larst of"tltc: ttu+~t° ~iCan~:s waa~rl h~e~ I3w 1~era1 tk°°iatiiaat t'~a1:ti.
It l~oukc~l as s~a:urw trs.•t ~a~attle sCtila. ~~~itCa a ~:l~a~w-~ajcl~a~eci
t:kahin f~~r rFrrss~n~*ars, just l,r:Ctirti~l.t rra.iil ~~.aat~~~tnrrrarrar.
kaar:l~ tai` kh~ mutu~r; a lar~r. tirt:sa ~t°iati~ ~~rarrtl. rurrrtclc~l rttan~
stir resistaatt x~°ioti~ ti~a, ancf Ih~ ~~;~'crfttl aiy~:lttl ~rt`«~al]cr.
Tltia: lailixt gut raa`nia~whi~as irti aa~ ~]aasal c,o~.lz}ait.•„°'
~4°l~ilc; f3;.hint ~'~ae T1'altslaol7's }5r~a[it~ rncarrntriti,
Icp~~~ra ~°il;~' i:unlirtaactl tars slata~~~ its ltaa;trl aui}~~aa"t ti?r
as°ittlion. ~~`Itcrt tha:. 1?cprartanceaR u#`~'c,rnrtca°t:c: aka:.cl
l~ar~,~tl cooitat~urtiti~: Il) taicl l'1}'ors ~~, a~tar•l€iats~ tCt~ it tta+~~°n
narnc.s tan "a~ra~ ~~*nlar.~6rr~ls," laC ra:sidc.aats t3iti Ica,
~ra~iratita k11C It~34°t1 aa.•ta3ac: att~l ta't'ctx~°~ t~a~ak }~tainl~tl tra~~~arc9
iltr~ l.~aaal~iin~; ii~.l~! oaa tltc rca~tl~ tai' nc.~rka}F fa~tilctiat~s. {)ra~~
su~clt a~.rial si~nhc>'rarcl °~tarv'i~'~oJ in Itak~°•~ ~C'it~° aaratil the t:ncl.
ty~'tlroo tt4°cnticlla c~nkaaa}~ can to rta°~.13c~1-r~~a~t'buil~rt.~ rtcatr
tiro f-r~a+rtt riters~t;tian raf l-ti~•a:rsicl~ [)r~•c ~tlat~ told. ft~t1.
I.3rall f}i~lt~~~aa~' }asst t]ac:tirlic.lcl~, irk i, raraci ~.. ~;'. Tl~rt~°
ditys rattr,:r C3oc,n~; Cac~aa~ ]rra~tlia~ i.a7 1o~4°a ~Cit}~, tltc rtastc~ tr~a
4rnitla riulcl, ~~•hiula ~ti'd't~ uaatsidc eit}' latauts, ~t°tis ~r~tvclcci
to t]a~: air 1'a~lti'.w clri~.~ce~~a}~ iaa urtl~r trt ra•aca~t rare ih~ Post
luF~°eta:Ar~•:t~rrree•rf~er~'rlrr~r,~,r ]~~
C~f~aea': ~+~aalal ~,et rtia;ail to .areal trurri tEra: li~-lcl, lay the a;taci ~f
sutt3r~a.cr 14~~~ l.{se~•aa ~`ity'~ rta~~•c~r lftt~ .:ki~neci thae rtc~~~ air
li~.lci leas;c ~-~=itfi i~u~in~. anal. tha< cit}° fiarnaal9~ u~~=na;~1 aha:
$~ca~°•+~mnicrat's itnpr~c~~•c•rrarvna~; urn tla~• ft~ld. ~~:; tlr~ ,~1•e-~:~.~
C'r~rrE=fr 131st it irr krona! buusta~r fa~laiun, "t~~itfr t1a~ l~~t.
aR.a~aii~rped ~air~3i>'rt irr tltic ~aatar atval a~rac arf'thc finest in tB1a~
aniclalla tti'~St, tlaarra` is nee rcasc3ta u~11}~ Iukv~a C it}? :~Itcsuld atait
]cad. or3 t]>la. ~r1a:~ur~u~~rnct3t of ~.urtilrncrcial 1vit~tia]rt.`="
f:^~°a:rtts. at ilia. [rtlti;~n~dl laavcl ecaralrscu€I ira 1 ~?7 to
ma~,~ +~a~rawt-ta3=ecaa~+t ptissa:n~cr:~crr.~us: a ra:alot}p, blrt aisc3
incr~~lsin~l;~ pusllcd the nca;cl fur irrltll3r~ii°att~rlt~; eta tlra:
la3a~11 facilit~t. ~1r1 S~.lxt~ralb~r 1, *~Ia~ti~~t~stl:'~ir-Tran~~ptat~l
ba°1zn 11}~in~ 1aas:~wn~cr~ al~an~ ~4°ith its t~aail fi-nr~a
i~ca°r•° ~'arrlC as 'htic~a~a, ~a=Ilcrc~~s L~o~.i1a~ Air'Trara:~~~3rt
~alra:aci~• ~w•as #~yita~! p;assa:ti~nrs b~.t~+r°c:~.rr t.'hit~r~u areal
Sa.tl Fralla:ist,n- fpri+w°ata° r;aaaril~4rraia:. ~~~~re na>'~° llyila~, tla~
crrtirc nlta~rti, ~a3~~t ta} cas.rst. ~~=th n+~ m~a°e th;tn t~~u c~trcl
'*r~#atS i~arr paay°in~ 13asscn_~~rs° ~`~itE1 ilrl~r~:.asirl~ d~rr,tln~l I'a~r
thc's~:;uat.s can tllcir ear retail ~,)~Irrtc~, trrubiti~>'laa f~c~arin~,
n.?rcCuti~°*~ ~~~~r~ a:a~~r icy putt lar~arr plduaaos inara sa:r~~i~er: a3rr
tlrlc acrt>Iapftn}P's la~n~T, rnaaae• +r1cc z~7in= ra:pr~.surit~tit~
ti°isiaccl la~w°a ~"ity°° "f~l~ia:ials of tl1c: f31t•a:irti~ a:[rn7~psara}=." it
+~~as l~~:ttll}r° r~:p~t~t~,1, "cl~saart tlyal'.ti`iithin a ~+p~ar3 of tatic3aatl3s
tltayy;rii~r~ tc~ r~~cralc lil~ta3n 1~:3sscii€~er ~~ncl c~l3ra:ss p°Ir~rlatis
art tlac trranscun.tincnt~~l line.'~h~y~• I}r~itat nut th~ra rl~~
prescr3t clr~lirtxl~a= ril'~anit}~ Fia<I~ is itrttalcclu:atar ~anr3' Ilaat
tlrra~}= :art n~til }~°illit>!~ tai rislk ~{~,f~~!f} ~Itlnes; by~° tttntlt~tirt~
tar ltar>Id eat tia~ lu~:al fiwlal ~~°11a:r1 '~ti°~atl7a;r c~trrlitir~ri~ arrr
urafa~~urable.'' ~E°I1c: raui~d ~l~arres, cla;aa:rih~cl aw "lar+.=irathans
of the 1ir," ~~•~rar "~wrrt 1 "~=paa:+an~arr plans e~ytai1a13ed
~ti°th rarrrlinirl slaaars. Itanrvh~a3r3 b1al~`ct, arlri I~x~ata~r±~, ,aa~aal
driven at the: r~tu ipt' l ~5 allile per larxur hy° a Rriplc-~rt~*ine
pca~+~°~.r ~31~1r1t twl' 1,?7~ hr~rscpa~~4'+;r."' f~~a• ~J~.tubcr l r)"?"7.
tltia a~ri3~t Its }~r+a~ciarec the tZe~-v pl~tlacs 11ad rcrl tcw .~s~,{}tpl]
c~acl>I, ~ncl ells raryra~st fair ba:tt~:r elr'.rin:l~e, tvltiicl7 1~aal barn
made. to thy: ~Irlaarnlaa~r a~l'i:'arnin~crc.c, +,~•aw pr~ssil3~. ~'h~
~.u~a ter [i+~ tl~c alt;:ainta~~ frrubl~ to ~a~s~s but ~aa€t a::a.trta~lr: u:f
tl1a; ~;ra}}~•ira~ ry~ed to c.larif~= tlir: fir1~111e:ia1 rc:sparnsihilitir:w
betti~.=~;cn Inc~11 arrthrsrti+i.s f~~r l~aaa~a [.'ipy='a kratsy airpaprt,'y
Tlta; t;arr~;luci anrsan~et~i~rat a3f`u~~~~nership ~trtal c3l~cr~ltia~n
i>'f`'~rltith Fiarlal cr1r3>le tc~ i1 lacatd ira I'~?'~, :'a laid }ir`ar ir1 tlr~;
I~ist~ny° ~f tilc.airt"t~ld. l°a-illc~~+c~iaa~ pra`€;~:ala:rrt ~;~t ~1 l"t~v
}°~.ars r;:arli~.r ka}~ the Passe {)f'iir.~r, lica~inl* ,'fir T°ranspc~ra
I~.ascai Ilia:: iia=l~ lrc~axa tiie cit}f, brat tllc ~'11a.nah~:r of
~'a3rrlana~r~e still lir3anciall~° su1a13urt~:rj }part a~l'it fay csrala;r
tc~ k: f3 ells fir^ld c~l~.:rr far ritlr~r typ~s;~kt'stti°i~3.liarn° ~~atri t9ta
urrrl~.rl~,~ir>I~ lanai x~~as still Ka 13ri~=ale fartfit, ~a3rral~lct~. ~~°ith
tr I"arr~~l~~.raa~, ~t bam, a3utbatilclir~~s, ~1ncl a d~ ia•y hLr£l, "I~lae
Iuur-}=czar l~:asa: call~:d fur E3ara;ir,~ tai 13a}= 1,x[1{) a1 ~°erar
tutl>ic cit+,°, SI{ I~~s rltaarr th, Irsrt~e. a~~ith else F'vst (~#"frcc
and 4~~tJ I+:.ss tlaaar thy. C'irrriaaaer~ial C larb'~ direct lavasa:
~~•tFr the: Ilt~rhj~rnir~~. lea}cirri; ~caulci tcrt~ainatc tlac lc:.~sa;
+.~•itkr {)t1 airs}5:t nuti~c i F it nc+.:dcd multi S~Sac~ Idrr stir mail
capaer~~ttic~ras ~~ttial tl>sc pia}F faila<.d tci ~arai+.~itlc it, X4'1°'itla this
tcrl7ait3aticara 1aresr~~icarr, the Iltir~at r~l'la~sinp, the ai:r t1~~1i1
st{p~, ~crntlr3u+al t~ ltattr,tt ca~~er the ae1t~' 7iad its fancssra°rw. ]n
light c3f`th~ incr~asin~ usc: of tla~. airic;ld talcl traalaar: cal-
in>Ilarur~°~:nlcrrt~; tcs it, lhe: arr.~aa~a:a>Iyarnts liar Smith Ficlal':~
csppr°r.+iaican sincl naaiaatcn~race n~er:d~al sirn~^alii~iclticara anal
6rla~rtla~~attaati.'G.
1~arl~ i.ra 1~7~, C`~rrl t`errr~;, th~rr chryirt~ian ~f the
C'Itat3rl~.r iii" ~.`t~ar'tat~erei~"~ trvisttiicar>I ct7pr>latnitt~:a;, 1:3~~~rt
~rrarn~crtin~zaa cllrrt tai I>I~t~~~: ells ~cia}^ laarr•ch,lsa: If1c,
I3~njan~in tarns, inarluclira~ 'Sialith f itilcl~ :1ntl ~{~trrr<
acl-jts:~nt aarca~e~. I~ai~.irti~, a„ay ~saw'#~ r~allt~stccl s~acc
cria~l iita~rs~~~~r,~~nl.~:---~crh{~~.s ~~t bi~,~~:r ltara~ar ~~r I~~,ttur
run$~~a}~: -~atratl~r its I~:as~ +tvit.h tlt~. a:it}~- [~lr tl1c: ~+tata;';~
nc~~° statut°c 1~crr3aitiirr~ rr7urlici~rrrliti~s tai a~~~~n air~art.s
t>I>Iaa}= l3a~rc prc~srra~tccl tl>;£ la]a:srl a°lltt$r~.. t~~r tl>In cit}" n3~1~ I7~~~,n
ra;.c~ivcc~ ar legs than s~ttisf~aaWtnr~° ~rda: urla~~r thr; f~ci4rrt[
gc3~°cmtalertt`~ rta:~+~= ra.titr~ sy°~ta:ttt. f'rarfi°il~Cy° it ~af•as a
r:ntt~biat;ttic~rti ui'~II tf~csc: I'aa:rrtr~+, lay ten}• arv~rat. the s13a~a:ter
cat lii~;ia1~ thc: air raiai! :~cn•°ic~ ccintita1t+cal to 11it11~ ~~~°Lr tlrlc
tr~~srr. in h~aareh, tl>I~c ttniti~a:rsiap''s I~trf~a, ,~rari-er!~a atc~~~slrapcr
ran a +~~ar-ta3cin tht-tt laaal~:nd faarr .~t tli.: ta~~~°n'S harsitaatiutl
acx u1a~r4rclr. thc, tr,irlield, hale the ~"iltttt3.Ea~.r's pnsitican
+.+°'ras ~al.car. "T'1ac tir1~~: 11t1s c~ra>I~: fur Ica~~°a C'it~r tea t~rk;ar
+:lefitaita: ar1a1 pcssitik~~a: ritta~ra irrl alai r~tltter~~`pru~=idnl
fiefs ct~ttta~uayit}: u•itlr a Fir,:t ~'l~ass r~ir-}3urt," ~a•rutc: its
~pr,;~icient. i~a311irr 1'~1. Perkins• "r~s l~nta. kn~axa~, tier nine
}°c:trr. I~~}=rtl uiti~a~.ns a;csaatril3aatal~ rltresu~h the ~'llarttficruf
.'r3ttatrr~ra:.a: la~r~~a: atlainatairrvcl tllc liclcl ira its pres~tlt state:,
but x~~irhirb (hay lta~t txt~c~ }~•cars clavvclupnlerrr ira fl}=u,,~ ht,~;
~,t>Inc I~prti+~arcl sea eapiall};. tlr~. irterr~asay irti srr tlayail lists baact>I
sn ~*r•eat Jt3rl future' ra~c{u.ir~r~l~;tat*~ arc sat~]a tttaat it t°tp1;'c:~rs
tc~ thrti I'r~:~ialatlt and l3rr,trrcl ~~' ~irervt~prs ~f tt3c C'ltatnlxer
arfC'a}ntntercc tftittt atti ~tiz~aort sc~urtal to rrarrr~ r7 this
scartinta [is~ a prir~aa~ r1+:.cctisii~,~."'"+
lw•i~r~lb~,rs r~E"tlau ~C'laa.a3iEsa;r°s a+~ri~atii3n ~:crmraaittc
~prpka; 11t :~c~•ica~ ~latb latt3Cla~~ns, Ita:iti ~uhlie a11~:a=tna~a
Kttrcl C~artt[itabla: ~Ot'Ltt~Y~, ~111{l ctra:aalrit~al<6 p~ttttirl7 tai
requa°.t a s.faec~ictl a:it}~ a~laretaasn arrr a btrncl issarc to f~rlarla:l•.
tl1a u}~~,rar~cs, Tlaa C'h~ar3lh~r rrratlirtit~~iaa~,d tl3at 7t1',{C)
asbt~lin~ccl tlarau~h a sktl~: of nautltctl3al f~taattls ~~~aaaalal baP
crauats~la an l~a1y° tl1a: crstir~ l"~fl-fra<rrr i~rrt1 anal intprct~,~e
Sr1>litlt F`iclai tar tan "Ar~,A"" airpc~rt° sr~3al1 I~~°°}'° grad
r~,~°~na,1a°s Irxar7l tlac aairli~lcl ~~c3uld be cruku~la, the;. C"hstr7lhcr
sar~ua<d., ace pay a3R the ~{l-}xc.sr° biiritl~ ira 13 }~.°1r~. Iris
triple .1 ratira~; tt`~r~ ra~~t ~ia,lplw sstkesr~rat•~nship gar a caar.:l7ly
1~l>Ir;a~;c. ~`llar Air CTt~mraaa~rcc ~.+ct h~ac~ ~r~=cn alga: flc:}~irterfa,Yt~t
1 ~ fi~~ff•ca ~C'arv ~4fr~ruz°~~~taJ,~rr~ar~r~~
cil'C"aaiiry~{:r~a lh~: r~:~~a,rr~~ihilit~' r~l~ratan tl~c tt~rtinn~~
~r{~~~~iar~ nsrarah4r xrf`aiel~c~rts. -I-ItrLa aratr~ al'tiayf~xirt
~a~rt~rti{~ar~ ~~r~aPrtrl ua~xai~rrrsyirt trod I'ac.tlitit.~, ~ixs= sal`
~ I~~eti~'rr I~tatxliat~ trx:r°t, atrxl li~.litiat~ {;s:luil~mrait-- ~~ ~rsP
rated frc-nr,~ xia~x'tt'fck f3. `fha: latlx-r ~racla x~~;rs as~i~tYCS~
t€i rir~~{rrtti ntr~etei~ stay!}' I.Its< aniarit~3tarxt rccluir~:rrrc:nts. Tli,
~°It~.nr~rs;r'~ ~ntal i~~r ix}ti~~4a C'it~'':~ Smith Fic:lci xw'tts an
rrtit~.~ in aax:l~ ca:te~,xrr}~. "II tlrc lia.lc6 i~ it{~t ~c}ears taul;rr~;~cl
tarixl it~tfrra~~,°cxi," tir~a~.s:aJ (~;{}tis.. °`it ~~°ill nrCtttt the la~~ af'tl
.air arrail ttiar~i tli~ {c3ti°;anta~t.s r~l`~sro~'ernma<atil rri{3 iar !race!
ar'~'ialixan ttsati~~itie~." 1=4rrther. the Itai~a;~a°, rrl~ia:c. fi'rri'Iclin~.
~nxi tall tlre• e:r~ui~mc.nt ~i~'crt t{~ fir{:. iit~' la~~ the F~rrwt (:~i~ac
"{;aulxi not be rct~iarc{i" iii'air~ att,ail tier~ris;a x~°;~~ lc~~t
L~a~aattsx: the airiirs~rt t-r~ul[I rts~t artrast th{: atex'`•° ~ttttrtidrrr~y.°.
1~`'h~ri pttitis~nw Inearia~~, nx4rrl~' ?.t"1t~{} ~i~n~~ature
il'
__
~~ - ~ ~_
-_ ~ r~
- _~.
i ~ ~_~.
I~-,+'~,w~,r~r_ tYei~hb~r i4'lay t~~ca:'t'Et,.
~~~;~
° ~~ r t ~,t
~~'
. -~`5--;.~ .
~. ~~' ;•
..:~- i~.
cedar IFtap~ids was just ens tar arby ta~wn !tfi~at was p~a~si
itself to wrestPe array lava !t'rig's cs~+vetecl sp~~t an the
r+~ute,Th~ cedar rapids Charaibea- aaf Caar~ma:rc~ (era
a:he aai#~ its!asl#~ h+xd I~as~d "Hunter ~el•d,p4 a iarrn s~taCh
town, and +~+art:te~d to a.apgrac#a; it iar ~artler to becaa-ne
p~~a'a'atnent air avail and passenger staff. C)~s F'loir~es a
had h~~~arra'aa~ ~ st~~ I'ra` ~~•ei.ng's planes.
irh~
~ ~.
~' _~ ~n~r~°''"
- - - ~ _1 ~~wr~;;~ i. i.
_; ,
,:`
~, ,
~I
~u~ra ~rc~s<.r~lcel tc~ tltr:. ~c.`ttr°° r:caun~il, tlr~. ~l~cei:~al lac~rici
~~ata ~ti~:r~ ;gal fasr'4'la}•° ??, I {~~{). A,~ tfre ~~t~ta alsp~rs~tri:l~s;~l.
tlt~ larcttl I~al~ie~ k+°s;r~ I~1lE;rl xr=itlr artielc.a rtatiri x;~;tiAcpriral
~rr~arrx~tir~~ sa fax~~iii~'ti ~~ata c~utcaiir~_ °i`Its: f'+°~•.~•.~-('~ft.'c'1a
~tre~ar~,l~~ ~ca~x:aur~°t~ed icax:a~'a C`itiitiars tx~a +~~x}te Iae tlrsa ht~tiari
c iw~rac. e.x3itx~a°i~rli~iarg Ihat it ~.a•taw liana the x:tr~° tc~ul: cr~'~:r
tlts: 4riiryaurt. ~: tl~a ~.°ItS~rarh~r al-C'c?t~mer~c. ~w~{ts ti{rl in l<
frttarr{:i;~l ~{ksiiix}n tx~ uia~,raxie. il: "f car a~ri~, ;~~c:ar~.'" h4.
rx; l~r~'.~.~~~~.°a#r~s~~r2 ~x'rate, "laxti°~ ~'il~a hay htacl to ~rxynurre:nl
~allsic x~n tlrx: tr~tnwe{aattiars;rttal air I:inc. "Flri~ lirtc ]ray
ds:r'el~l~cxl f'r{ern ~~ i~~~- h~allcrcx3 ~~•¢°tr ~laare~ t{~ a ~,rapsrt I~~s:t
~# tlic rri{~~t m{~cl~rr~ 1~ya~~ cr7i'i. Tltit lar~x;_rr s~,~~~.ia4r .trtxB
rri{>'rt`. r11a.3rlx;a7r srxitail?tn:s:trt rlkrisllxl~ r{:~alra{:se{~ the al€I, ttatsGl
nx~''~}~ Mill I-~~tar att~i li{.a~°ic~r fl:rn4~ tr~ti•;xil t~a~ rlckr~cl~lantno~t
x~l'~}~in~ i~telrl~ try quit tlir_°ir rre{cls, 11-1x~r~'a aC irt~° i~ txr
:~C{:tf173C'I]{r<a,~sEt4 tfre:~e...t~'e' 177LISt ]rr'~'e llltlrs;
rx?{rnz, Icaat;~cr a"trrr'b~Atrys aar{I Iaa~lrer cclui~]~r~att.'.
h~°fx.7ra. tfi~tr just ~ "r~ec:ra=tatia~a~t" fipr atltnrial~al
tc~ir3a9tit~, llte ~''r~~,.s-ai'r~'r'^xPrr ttlr issue, xw~itlr a
rex;enl f~~r:,l~zartinr~.nt aal`C'x~rttirrx;r~s:c stat~:.aate:atl tlral
s;{:}an~trrr;cl ~~tir~arart~ xs~°itir cite ~trk~, aarrl ar~xtexl
Ural "Ilre arruru~.a~~l ,ear li,a~l ~a'ill ~c a~ ~~h~~a[19ta~
ne~::~~ity f{~.r tltc. c~it~ ta~aiast the tinr~ x~~hea
tlr~; air trl~ ~~~ill krc;~ai c~'er~rrltr~° inx;ia3+~.art frrr
lltrra.r~, utcl~: xsl`~~:{~l~lc. That ~Ca} i~ cc~artin~: jrasE
say ~ur~lg a~ our ~r~~a'att arts~tx~r 4t~c rlx:x=cl{r~:.rJ
Irartr +,x°alalrin,~ llt~ src~ntiat~s turd ~x~in~:~ {~t'[lr~;
,, ~ r5{ca~iast~4t1 naeHxrr Cttr.'°`#
~`1+~=~
~'h,~tanbs<~r ralar~.~~rrtt~tia~cx t.{rrttiarr.ax:rl tx}
° , 4rs~ttrc ~fs_7t.s~r~ drat the a3c~x•. ~xl~.;{a~xiea~ airlrt
v
rrx~ulsJ hce{>itric ;ell=~a? fa~sarxitt~; ~~~tlrin tt~=ra {i7r
d ~ duce wa.rrr~;.. a:€ara~:icis:rin~ f3acitt~'~: rarttatarc,xl
,a ~ rant, t~r~ I:e~w tassx;.s~ed att. tr~3rtsi{:att teircrttll.rar{~
', the p~:;turc f~su~ tht~ laatcl{r~t~arsrr ~~~r~talxi wart bx;
.~ ~ ~ rc~rrir~~ to ~ta~•. 11'Ih~ €~;rir~' l~~:rxl xx°tts ~~.atat~;c]
E ~ _ ~ ii•{~ttt tlr,; ncx~• ttir~r~rt. then tEtc Irr±,d csrul{I hi
l~ar~-sr~tr~l ,anal ~rtlri rn,tx::t{I. I~{:~i{i•rts circ;ulz~tte{l
{rt`;an taiirertttt irttrtiut~rct~arr::r ~~•It~ }a•'ttntcc t{~
la~x;atx: ~a flwiir~ ~elta.s{rl iar Irr~,4'tt C'it~F. r~r.lrc
'' ~ airrt ~x:°a~ aal~~r~axlrirl. Laxv~l t~-rs:~-lirert~{;r'a
aria! ~''ettarr'w tantx~n~* thx:att~:c-arttrif~ut~cl I,ri~c~
t.s~ ~r y+.~tath e~~~t}~' {~riatte~t ern llr€; ~~talua at-tlrc
g - = trir~s~rt, ~Cl1rl titr,cra r~;arriarx~t€I eitiza:n~ {~i' Fast
#iprri-rag la:;t [xp]~acrrtr.tatitis;~. Thy x:it;~°. ~i°, Lttti] 13i5~.rri{;r
air rna~il srl,rittts~xl. Itrscl rt~s~c;tcxl tli~e i~urlin~;triii rer.ilrxrttcl':~
d later rex~rasr~f to "L~i~in~ it:~ arraiar liars n{yrllt tltrs~u~lt
+~f Is_~~}~tr C`it}$`" in ~tl~a l lt`~tl~.{arxi "Sittsilttia° 1'ttc~irYg
o~a~ia°a,~'s c+~~nrt°tn~° al~cw ~t~=*trrtsxi ter ~a~a~t~" lrs~t'c.....,At tltttl
beady tiirr~- C~aY~lrar f~5a~ixls ~~'tts f~t~ll"Ills:. ~irc {i:t' Ifat~~tt i`'al~.
C~srart~arLre the tavr'ar~ tt~,~°•" Fiatally, [°arl t`~t}ne
Xtei~'ca ~'i~u ,'~1'a~raac•i~xa~'.~tar~ruri°~ ~
I~r la i ~t ~~1.
~~rltnlc a~~tuatrv
:trc. ul~r:~rl us,,,
~~~sritin4 t~, ~~e if
I~ati~•7 C:it}Y ~}~nitld
l~cc:+atn~: ]a,~t~t~:
t~~ ci'i~c~ t~l' llt
tr4Jl}+ iltltsla>~tlm
titi~t~~ich~~s it>I th+~
c.raurttry', T'It~:
~r~ssttrc la-r
stet}r t>,~ndcrn
ttti~l rtol Iu~c
Ilti~: ri v ~:~trttGr~ t.
~rlrearly t~1l~~cll
ova s s~.r~tttii t>;~le~~
r~tv'r: rx~~ 1 tc ] rtti rti~.
suet a barr~~~
of supl~nrt tirr
lita htarB~l i~~rac,
3?' ~crc~rlP cal`
~~~lto ~ttrti~;i}~st~~l.
cask al'fi~rt;a.li~~~
1r9Jtl:~.'"
,
`I-l•eis ~4~9 rtew5paper ad sponsored bar the ~harr~rher of taornm;ere~e ersco~raged' Iowan leitians
Ct3 vt2te for the ~+~n~i issue u3irag ~ phatragraph ~rf a night scene of the airfel~i,.A Isi~lane sits
Flooded in light, s~rr°~unded toy ~ thr~srtg ~f ~etrple. ~eFains~ the pl~rae, the three spotl9ghts e~rt
thre hangar e~tatlin~ its arced. rooi.Thnugh not %d~~tdFied, the s~et~e was v+~ry li4sgl'y t~slaen in
rntd-#ugusi~ I ~~., wl~er~ the pla.rre testing a "great white way" arri+se~d aid ~ ~ror~rd +af well-
wdshers spontaneously appeared a[ l:l~e feltli t+~ welcome it.
~4~itltia~ sc,~•crt muntlts, ran ~1~~~.'cl~tl~t~~t- 1, I~~~~~, jtts,t
~;la}~:* ~t#'kcr tltc n~.ti~3n~.al str~~l~; ntarl~~t crx'~shcd, thc. c.it~'
c~tlncil ~trt~~>lilfit~'tusl~' a~rc~.r~ tc~ I~urcltas~: tl,li: lart~l.
!~lbl~riatirt~ tltic rrpllru~'tl ~~t'tlic ~it~a lrcroan tlti~ stag's rai1tit~ay~
~:rr~ttmi~;i~~rt-tl~c hc~tl~~ ~;l~,trtacl ~+~itlt a~~iat+~tt n~;~cri~!,ltt
bttt +~~~hi~1~ iiacl uc~°~r betnrc butt ask~rl tra ~p~r~t~°+~. trt
tsirpurt ~it~.-Irr~.ly~ ~aust~C ttt~ lc~rt~ ri~.lay. ~~'`itl't a~prrov'al
in Ita~tt:l, 1~t~x-~-~:z•t=r, Itae~~~ p'ity' ka~t°~rl~c Ilia "ir~t ~itp' i~ tlt~;
stbtlc t+~ a~crarlt~lish tfctrt~tl t~ts~nershi~l of tlrr`. stir fic.1~l u~si~rt
tr'hicl>I its. airlx~rt is t~i~it}tairtcrJ,`" ~~ ww's:ll t~ "t1~c lor±! ~it~,~
ir} lntit•a try v~~[c ari~ttrt h{,ncls liar mtsirtrr<rtt~t~ec." T1>IC eit~~
rt~~t caatly' frurtl~ttwecl tl>Ic latrn~ Litt +,s~lti~h tl~~ ttriit:lci +~~'a.~
l~r~{•tt~d, bttt 7lso tsbottl: ~ ~ acrd cast ~:rt~ tltc. #'ar~rt bttax'cc.n
thr: l~ctl 13~~11 I•riglll~,~^a~' trll~ tlir; lc~~ara Riv~~s~r, 13~v l]cccr~at~cr
1, ]"?~, tlta; city rTllsrclc i!s I~netl pay~Ytcnt it'll tltc I~ttc3, ~nci
the nc~t~ n~unicp~,l ;~t~~~art +r~~as crc{~t~~i."'
~~'illt tktc cx~cctati~its as °~~~~II .xs t]~~- ~cc~ncarn~r
g~alt~~l 1,}' tlt~:. shack rt~rrlc`:~t ~r~w1l. III. h;:~it1!a1ri1~~ cat tl~e
~tiri;at I•)~~ressictl~ sgi~~-ctccl l~atilclilt~ ~rogr.cts.ill ~~~~r
tFle cu~ruttry. ~~tratira~atu lstr~g~°s:ts like tltc I:a~t}~ir~;. tat
13uiltlitr~ ~+n ~°lsailt~tt~a't isl~trt~l. ~:cartarricittcc~cl ~arlict- in tllle
~''~::~r ati'ltil~ tl~~ t'g1~rk~,l ~~°as wtll l~~tanillti~, w~~'~r~ c~mpl~.t~:cl
~lcs~sitc tlrc crash, bite tl>Icrc is ~:vidcnc~ Iltat la~a'a t'iter`
ztb lit' r3r dcsirr: tai s~~.ttr3 tttiartt°.~' clot tits {~~a~a~et lanrl it I~~~l
gust fiurah~_~,r;r~ cl~tickly~ ~~-;tn~~, ~'4 ~'l~ica~+~ lrrtt Itat~l k~~.~tt
Itirctl ~*~rliier in the l`al I rl~t I ~7?t} t~ ltut t~~c:tlti~r tltL, ~=ltia-~ttts
l~]x°tt~s ~tncl t:stitt•t7t~~ to ~tssur~; a tri~al~ A rt~tia~~ i`ctr the city.
Tlt~'o;c. ~i~:~si~rts,,lr~r~+~'n I~y° tl~~; I._~~tttsrrcl 4.latcc~l~r~l~cr, I~>rc.
lrm, in~yucl+:+r1 ~•~ rt~e^.' ~lrtin~~~~ sy~stctti i^stint~tteti t~ rrea;~t
~,~k0~, ~ t:ntt~tp~l~:t~: systcl>111 ~f laordcr 1i~1'itti lt? .sitrr~~t~nd
the airla~rt I'~r ~~,[l4l+i~, a.Et~i "sa s:can~i~c~tlious, tnnd~;rta t~l~ir;t.
l~uil~lia~~~, ~~a~itlt a~ t~•;ailitt}; rr.~:}tn, l3r€a~°icllt~ c1~•~r4' l'a~iliir'
i[at- ~rt~~lc];~•ccs Ytt lh~. l~~.lrl t~a>Itl liar ~:tssa~at~crs"' cstitta{ttiel
4~! ~'~,174}tl~ ~~1~ ~l~lbrtratc ~il~atro ~~I'~irra~c~s~~l nn~x~~ty's
crriTlti}~I~at~€~rttecl nc~. heiilrli,ti~s, ~~~hicl~ itaclrt€lt:rl !t~'n lar~c-
h~n~ars stnci ~ rcnrdtrkt3bl~ lcrntiinal l~~l~lir~~. li~rt~ ~~f
l~•1~t~:catt>Ik~~.r•`s builtlitt~ l;lans ~cr~: c~~cr c.~:cctttccl, nrar ~~'as
tltis 6rirt's prr~s~ic~sucl rwt~~'ay r.~.Fn~~tiaralan built. Tltc. sky
ri~r~~ lta~•c; wcr~ntcel Ilya limit itt tl'ac fa11 +~f" 1 ~)Zr), l?~ul ~}~
tha cncl of` the ~~car nlr~st etf tltcs~. l~lart~ Itlad iras,h~~l sttt~l
><~urclctl, ~~v, rr~carts. rnct~tJ~st ittciliti~:s ~~~~>•erlcl lttt~~c ta~ ti~~ait
:tt ls~a';t a ~,~car rand h~ 1~t>~n~t~cl kay' ca'thcr ru~:arrs,s'
l ~ bra icr~ C: rtr' ;#fi++a~c°r{a+erf ,~ ar~,~arrr~
w ~ ~ ~
r
~ 1 `041 ~ 0 ~.'-i
.-. ..,
r ~r ~ +..
,,_
„ „ ,„a. ~ e
a~
The ~drninistratian building pr~p~sed Leonard hla~om;ber Ins, irx $epter~#rer 1924 ~+ras ~ stylish art Deco
plan, v4rith ste~-ped wia~gs leading to ~ tali ~eentral rr~ass, sugges~tia~e of pry-Columbi~r~ p~rrarni€fs. ~~s r~~ie~ Peels
of st~rlized coral and abstracted designs de~€~rated the fiat suritaees and drew the ~y~ up~~erd tawa~rd the Ball
central tourer, ac~ee~sesl~ Only by airpr,rt personnel fa-or~~ the cantrnl rts~ (see floor plans}.Tl~e tall ~,rir~daws than
pierce the v~+alMs +~f h~th the roadside el,etr~tion seen here and the opts#sen~ airfaeld side ensured arnpte da~+light
far the int~r~iar and s~ixed the building {rarrl lr~okin,g t+~~+ heavy.They alas game passengers and' the public bett+~r
+ri~erws~ ai: the anti€ipated aircr~#t that xvould circre the f~eld.Th,~se building pwl~ns v~er~ never executed.
I'd ~7CT .PA~dG ~:
The nlix of ~viatio~ flc~o.r space with recreakio~al functions pre posed for the r~e+v~ lowa~ City adrrtinis~traian
building reflected the conternporary attatudes of the day. Not ar~ly did the [?epartrr~ent of ~crntiraierce suggest
that p~blie recreatitynal use was a pri~ciftal justification for rrti+anicipality-ovwned airi"relds, but also, in rsiarvy towns,
responsibility fbr operation and man4enl~ce of earCy airports +n~ra..s gi'vea~ to the laca:l. parks. d~epartrr~ent. 5orne
fawns given paired a landing strip v,~ith their rnuni~ipal gs~lf caurs~e, as was the case ofTi ipts~nF lo~ra. Leonard
Mlacamber built his reputation ion the 193Qs designing g~llr ~tours+es and is still +,vell rernerrrbered for tC~at ar,+carl~.
1ra~6•:a`t~ia'~:_t/aaaa~e~v~.~r3f.-drij:u:::~: ~~l'
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lr~ii;e: C`rF~~ :L1'rrr~rt`r'~at~d,~ae~~arrr7
1+>~r~ i~'~ IV ~ll~~r~t
[3ac;iri~ ~ir• Trart~licart r~tl"rt~rrs artr:rs rS~~ri
~•iitiitrrci Ic~e~~at ~`at~r an t~t~ *~~rira~ csk` 15t'{t. !leis tn~r ~''
tcs haraitlt-tlcrca;a.tl! the cictaails ctt`at Irsn~-to.rln leaasc.
~~°~:r t}ie liri~sr t~~.°cs ~~e~rs, ~'cda~r R~~ici~ ~vitli
ita E-]urtter }~irr•,Icl, just ?~ ntilcs tca tlic n~rtlt, lstcl
at{ta~aat{~c] lir$rri~~* !~~ tlaa cx{rrn! t1~e cc~lnpaany +~~°~s
iazuclili~ i.ts c:astlsctrratil attati] plz~rt~: tl~cr•e end ti~~°~
tc,n~icl~ riar~; rrr.nt~[~t iiii! itl~ rrntirr: {~~ar_r+ttiran I`rcirti >
lo~w•a ~'it~~. }hut the s;aa~to nrrtrlral enltciilanlts that
tnaaclL ]fat atnct Ic~~cl rrtt~tilaartcL ~,r~vi1 tr~r laln4~lrt~
airr;r~ti t~lso nzcattt door rJrai.n.~t~a. artr~ lore
lacr'ia~15 nt' ~cat~, r,rtustrkslc wc~cl rrrraak°s:ry~a, "]`hrac.
~~•rrc ccsnrlirc3aas that ;~I~ietr:cl tenth E-Iral~trrr rrtrl
mith.a~iriialris. I`:rtlikar lax~ar Citi~;rtg. Ita~ti~c~•e:r, C`erlatr
f~aipiils ~~otr:.rs li~rj t~~°it.c. tri I{~?~ turrt~cl cisti~•ri i°araracl
asaaar;s tEtsrt `~-crtialcj haaa~°c r~sn1}~rct tlt~; drain;roc l7resblLa~ts..
~'a•'tltorrt ~t bare al-lucarl sul~por~t ilt C.aclaar I~at}~icls, C~ac:in
reli~r~u~;eri its atteattiori tea tltr: ~autli, to erasure: tlac ]ea~~°
c'at~~ 1:~rtrliit~ 9`~tr,rlrti+=.~ c:r,~ulci ra~r~~;t tJi~ ci~'ctat3ar~a tsE'itti cL~rr
firs{r:r and hu~~aer aarrrrtil`t. ~p~eit~~tll~°, I~~Lia~,"~ net~~
tr°i-attot~rq 1 ~-p~assa,ti~er l~lart~ vas ~~~ t~ start fl~°irtg tlic:
ta•~rtst[~aitii~ar;.att~1 ~it~ attail a'~ittt~; c~rra. i~°1ay= l'.T'
i~~'itlt rite Ink+s~ai ~"i{;,• aririi~lc] r~c~~~• ~reaitl~,r exls~~in€9~ci in
a~~:a°c:tlc ~rtcB rt~tlnicilsally° s~~~°rtc:.rJy fire eaci~titt~ li~se. ter
:~[a~itlt I'i~Flcl ~~as rsrtt~l~ttrrcl, I~t~r=irt~ 4~~~rr~{td a It~n~~r-~~rtlt~
1cry:~c 1nc1 ~•~ d~risico«ri ~~#`rrRspnnsabilitics {lief! +}rntrlc9 rtssurc
clc~••rr}nl~rzicrtt +~~'hrvttr:r aaltrJ niar~e I~artn~rtcnt t"7e;ilitias. }t
ltasil l~[Etieri ~i4~ ~trr:Crit faf the llrutL~ li'rr~7t thr= 1;resrir<l i;~srr~°,
lao+~°e~~er. just to I?tar~h~sa lh;a Itrncl. {`eratri [3etljatanat av~
~[cija~:en! lart~au°nea•s, Aber svr[~a~,~° eatl~erise~, lo~~~tt
C`it~° Itacl rsttl~•' ~1~,t1il~{7 ]cfi i[t i[s rir~ackrt litre!. I3u~an~?,
r;rn tli.~ cathr;r liarncl, k4•as erlrroacl~• irt~~tslan al, It~n~;aars !n
hearse its. aairerat6 at otlicr aairli.ra9cs, nelucln,~ ~lie~°rvltrtr~,
'l~"~~ortiiat~; Marto,l~3e~°~~~, ~atd its lteatr~yu~rter*~ ia3 ~e.~;rttlr;,
1~~'rr~:liiri~t[sn_ 'a~'itit rt~;~rstiitta~sais tsn v ~d~-y~r:trr lcrrse liwareiat
rrnatt}~slctirart, l~ctcan~; arnatuuncrrel it tiw~nui~ sca~cl ~ ratan to
tox~~rt to tael~,in pl.~lnnitt~ I'aa• its in~-~rvsttlttr:rtt in lot~•a C`it}~'_~
rtc~c^ ~ir•lsrtrt_
Tlt~ lease= ~~~srs ~ ~Itarrt tar iuaa?'a ~: is{~°, arty Gaul.
laa~ci~crs aryls]€luilcd it. lcrt~°a C"ity~ Citarll~,~ ser;tner~ tl:a It~~°+v
~.rraralttr;c; tltatl its lori~-cli~lrtliir:artr'.al ~irltcsrt ~r,~csrllzi nest
€9iltroiriish art inalsnsrl~tnra, -1`Ea4 1~.arsrr, arl'tcr aalll, regarit-rrcl
L~o€~alil~ to T'rcl:~alt~ri}~ lane! its lsltrr~rv~ cart s~ici ,~ir°laart"
fr}r tltc; riot ~p ~~ear~, "ttttel t+~ r3r`.vc~l~rp this ,~irlarart anti
i~rts~ cal' atti r~ttuf.~r ~crtis l~~r deli~•r=r~~ t:kl`t~r {sr4an~ tsf~`cs
~aa+srn~~rs, ai,tlal, c~~lsres:s, rrncl Irci~;h{." ~~°']til're Is~~+~rti
~Cit~r's ol~l.%~~tiort t.+~°as tct sltr~etcl ih~ rcrrlaartin~ 1~,{}~C}!t} of
its: atir~a€pr't I`ua~cl a~n "~racli.n~. ~raa,inal~c, it~statllilt~? li~lttirt
reclrlil?mcatt, ~.uicl alhr:r irraproa°°erric:rits.," f~car°.in~ tr~rc:rr
{a r:~at7strur~t t~~~ra I~rt~ rtrtli~rtr~°s ltt tla+:. s~eiiiaraltir~ns ils
lal~ris::s rirocl~:cl, rrxlar~s'~~4i in tlt~ Ic~se 7s `'no! less tl~~n.
IUl} ic~t ~x°•icie ala~r~ ?{~}~ t.t I+~n~."' Fatlrtltcr, [3ra~;in~
a~rtecl tcs rzi~it~trrn llte cx:~tiri~ liart~~r <~rtd srt~srll nl'lacr~"
built3ilt~, but. hatr~ tlt~. rid;}at tra r~crns'ta~,ac! a~~#clitic~n~rl Itarta~;~r
E`rsr its ca~~~ It rrsc°,
-1-ite. ivy ~~~.~s Yr1a-el~° rlr}P l~~ttir~~ 17~.F}, C:"c~}~1~r~ ~°ic~4
ISTesido.rii in r:la~~r~~ ~sl' 13[rei.rr~,'~ npr:ralinns, aarri~rac~ }'rare
his hose in C`Itcv~rrna~c tea 1Lt contracts l'or eonlrurrrtirari
nl`!hc atrat~~°~a}~sT[3w° the eri~l a!'tlte }•°r:~rr, ~ [t~~~,~ I~an~alr
+~°oulrl be° arcetccl ~7ri tltL Icar<.tr.tifart t}l'{ltc ~~1it )e3~:n~~aitirt
{:~rrri*;te~r;l. `{`ltrr citril~+ lsress rtn~ rYi~°ic icaders ltc~rtil~~•
rrla~lrrtactccl the e~•enMs crl"Qrrlaty~ ]~?~~C~. f'rc~~iccictn~ +,w•r<rar I`car
~*reatter lavhlie +~sitiilsilat}~ fiat tllte t[t~.+:•a~ licsa~t tlirr ~eo~~in
nrrrrth~r cil" ~,srs~r;rat~~rs kh~ltaa tie,°aauEr~ stela at tlic siirpc;rl.
{.~t~tcrs ~aF+:r'r: srCre 4hart ll~,yirt~ z;~.ltcor~als titre! ~ri,~irti{a[a-r`r:l:rlccl
~irrisan~.s~e;s ~~°c?1a1c1 kse ~tlr~[ct~rl t~s flirt, crar~ac~rt° {}rtl}~ llrc.
"r:itY ~rrliritrkr,,, `4~'ill J_ Ha}~rzlk, cr•~res-sect cavlion ~~'Itett
hrr saaicl "tkTis ~lrrasc] scerii~ tcs }~~ tltc r~nly ritctlicar~ tJiatt
io~~°~ C`ity' roan nbtarin a }ti•sapori}° r=~lrailipr~~i rri~#. {~v~l ~~t
+e.€tvr~e it ttttce~ tirrit tar elr:rYiclr` tl5 !ii ~-••tca -ti~iii ~dcri~rt: llte
gr~,~tr;~t h~a~cfi4" t~csrxa 4t,$'
The cit;~° ~~°a~staet ctcs tini% ~t~rt%ri~; it:~ tt;•asrk, t~ in~,pcrr
~rrrJirt€~ cast titsc~uld ha thr= r~lcx:srtlGC~n cat`"~~ knell ~t the
satu.th tr;rtt[;e c:a!"thrr. lir;lcl to ~ Goti~- spat ncarr~{a~~." A tttl.rrnbcr
tst`I~ntes 7ncl trees else Itec,vttec3 to br1 t~krsrt rj~tst•~~n, arttl, csf
G~UCii~, the 13ertlatnilrt i'~rtttstra~cl~aas.t rrckrth ibt tltr: C'?fl~tLn~.
larln~.tr rrtri ral'lir'°4 brrrlcirar~ hale! to ba cl[arc:cl ~t°otti t1ta
±:il~;, ~'tY C'Irirk Cicr~r~~e l~oltr~r a~~~crti~eci scar hiciti tr.r
rrorne~~°c llte I•~~rrrit builcliat~s. Tltra etuth4ril~liaa~4-~carn crib,
tTZ~r:liinr ~Ita:cL, ~ar~~~e, cltae.)4rn katiaase, rzlilk havsc, ttnd ~~
lr;~~~°rr C'r1w',4~ftr+~ic'i{~r~'.-lfr~rr~r'r
An sir frail p9~rt.~ sia~ in (rant ~'~ the f~cili#i~s-~ hangar and
~srr-rall ~~ice building-t~ar< ~xls#ed vrh~n ~~o+~drt ~i~rr~d i#s first
1~~,srv +r~i#Fr Irs+Ar~+Ciit~r in 193!.
t~cr9 slti~d-~~e~r°~. ~aurclr~~tc! 1'or 1 ~fi]° ~n~l tnb~°~~I raff tksL
site, TI~~ farr7a ]a~u~~ ~x°~~ inc~~~c~~] to tin urr9crrrr~+°~n lcrcaritrir,
kaut 13enj~riti:rt'~ cf:riry 17;rm ~~.~t« cl~:nacali~]~c[, l~sa~itt~ tl~~ti
~trntrt~ctctl t~ti°~ ic~~.a9 °e~ty~~~rni~~ Corr t]y~: rtt~t~~~ay~'~°-°~~k, T]y~
li. ~. ~]cna~ cra.rl ~~raaEa~tra~~ ~+,•~ra]] ~~°~tastr~tct tkierra, rt~irrg
~:rus]~~:ti rt~:lc ~r~pliccl trrtn tl~e. ki'~~ir irrca~iu~ts ~:~rrrr~;trt}'-
ix irre9te.~ rat'rea~9w e~~~r~ ~rl4urn~;~]. hut. t1ac+~ca~t ~~~aw
~rtrktihiti~~c. ~cr lir~lr in~9~e;~ xk~ere eretu~.]]yM irr~tt°rll~cl, T]i
rrtta~m~t~°~ ~t~er~ t~-r "ret~clt tc~ a]1 I€~ttr° rrrarner•~ r~t't]ac l~ia~litt
!e]~i" ~ta~ ~~~~I+~ tr9ce t°~~°a rayarralh~ tra ~~ri~tlalete,.='
Itt rtrck~untirrarr k5-~]e1, tht. ci.rily~ ~r~~;~ ~r~n-i~~i
tka~ hs:.r~i9ier~ n~:k~°~ tlr,rt 13treit~~o her] Irircl the ,41tstit~
C'~aiai~x~t7;~. b~~e+d its +~ teu~l;ara~t, C)Ira, to brtil~t to ~i},~7{}{}
i:~r3l~atraz~ti~ra han~rtr :~itrl .t~Jrraitfi;~triti~-e huil~3in1; ;rt the
~it~'' rg~~v ~ri~c3rt, ('~rntrK~~t~; ~•~Ir~:6tcl~° ]a~;!c] hL~n I~:t yx°itla
tkai~ ~trtiilro69ra}` I+~rr tla~ ~,~tn~ h~rn~*ars at fiel+~~ ira l~en+~r,
~Je,;~d°~r]~9, an~3 tartly k~l~ttte, ikle1~~~a~9~a. ]~13n:~ a°~~er~ irl~:~r iry
tlae ~w•tarlt~ fir aitroyikar hatar~~r:~ at cat]ro~r trrur~ctrrrtirr,~nt;tl 6~ir
trti.~ik urt~ pa~~;ctet~cr stcr~a~., inel~i[9in~ [}~ria133, ~l~ra~k~~~
~ .~
'~ ~L'~-
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ws"
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I~.~rr']c ~i~rin~~. '~'~'~r~ranira~; f~~t~ra ~rrd Glkra, c~~~~clr::uy4]
`i•{icr~~tt~erat~, L'~,I ifcart~i~. T]y~ ''tac~~° cic:t~," r~l~trrt~,c3
t]tie 1'+k'~~,;°-~C:rrrW{~~~. ~~~ta~ultl c:~elt lie "#~U Ia~F I ~~} I~~:t, +~~il.l
c~nt~iitt laart~ar r;~.tei B~rg~ ~ncrrr~li fir tri-n~nt~r~t] Ia]~~tae~,
~-k7~rl~~, ti~l~et, r~di~r ailcl xti~~eatkrcr ~er~°°i~~: utli~e:~, ~tia] tcril~.t
ft~~;i9itics. i'~s~~ti~r ~[ane~ c.•rtr t~r;i thrt~u~9r t.9~~: huilclin
f~rr lua~bin~ otnd~r ~ra~•~r."S"
T]~c.~rr~titi ~"ta~taa~~n~°, Irr~il~]~rtrt`I~c,ci~~'~.rir~aattil
]t~ta~ttr,, ~~~~~ i'cruital~tl in ("iiv~;I~ttcl itr 1 ~7 ~+;~ ar~aus~9
.~s~~tin, ~r y°~r4ata~ fit~~li~9r c.tr°~etatcr ~~ her tt`~~°r:l~~l ter tli~,
4.;,. nri~i~~~91~f itltcraciitt~ t+~ ]gc]Ir ~"Iti~:r~c~ r~:lalrilci krft~r
its ~i•~~t dire. `w1~:~=er itt~tking it ~Ke~t L }kair, ~~~erat4a~mkk~
~~au5tin 697{3 ]~i~ strri, ~~'i~l~c;rt. ~ tr~it~ed etaan;r, s;r~.+~4~
t]7e ~t}trttn~crci~l t;~ra~tnteai~ata e~tat~a~ra~° i~att~ ~>r,~. tl~at
tsl~i~r~d bcat]ti en~it}c:crittig ~tt~d ~.can~tru~.ti~~r~ :~cn~ ict~, {r
rank°~1 i~i~a firer tkre eirl~° tt~~cnti~t]~ c,~nt4rry~. C}6ariti~* ~~'~ar'li3
'~''rlr I, thy; ~,ts~tirb ~'~4r9t71?69rr~° cltr~i~r7tr.~3 {atarl ct-ara:~t~~rtCt~.~i
trn ;tirtrra~'t ;a.~~era~krly ~latat fir tltie ~C'urti:~ :~erca}~I~ta7~ r9~t]
~ltrttar ~ ~ta~~a°ata~° ira I~trt~'~I~, ]~fe,~~~ "Y'{xrke, <<~~~ ~r4utn4
L_~ fc+ir~~~ ~'rtt' ,h~'aarric~rp~+caF.-trr~~rar1
A t~i~lane, per9tia~~ 8a~in~"s 4UA pis n'r~il plaare, taxls~ inter the new E~neing hangar iri this p~hcrt~~rapFr ~Frt-rra the
~arl~r I43t}s. The n~rnb~r• ~i cans lined uls along #h~ rLet~v f~oace sr,g~~st~ ~ Comm~rnityT event is under +~ray.
r~ali~;,lr~all~• nronizea~ fc~r its: ~,~°i~lisan I'~t~cilitic~_ In V~'Z=~.
tlac ~rrstin Cu17a~~rit~^ tis°~tat 40 ~~~'lurk Cyr L~c~~ir1~, ~9~~i~nila~.
€and bui]r~illl~ Inane c>'f`tla~: nr:~;decl lisrrr~rtrr~ tur)3±~.iia~.'
~a'ca~vira~ ~raw;;en~,er busilaes~_ ~~Ina~1e1 ~4astira elicr~ an 1 ~~~~,.
4,nc3 i~~ilb~:r# x~•as kille.~ ra ;~ ~tlalae cra~la in Ir1~~l, ~rtt lla~
~~1,a}~4~11a~' star~'i~~~,~ tdre[rty~, cl~ain,~, I~u:~nr~s~ in ~~ ~~'irJc ~.F~rriety°
caf i.Ia13u~irie:s. [)~1rin~ tEa~ 1~~?Il~ anc~ ] 5t~[~~, t:l>IS; ~,ty:~~ilt
[.'clr,7}~rna' ~~~~~ nit I.Ite atyl~, lirt,~ I~rraclii~ila~ ]aalt~ar~ #~a~r
ifac nc+~~' a~~iati~ra rti~lustr;~•_,_Ila~: Tretsarrrra tl<yr.~In~llt~' ~'a.~ ~;
1aaa~jr~I• ccrnr~etitcrr--~1It I~~eirr~'~ bt„ISiI~e~~ ta~7~ x~ Erealtlt~~
*~Irklr~ ~rl'th~ ttz~trket.".
~~ built,: tl~r'. r1e,+~a- I~~~I:ira~ hangar i}It the I~a~;•'fr ~it~a
to%rti~:ld ~:t~~t t.ltr° [:t]Itll7Iny~jrr~t a~'~r3~1,11{}tll, iaa~luc~ira
tlre. er~rr~rlr~~ apr~rrs ae~d I~~rar~~~rtpira~, Cula~trucl~~l
Ile.arlr~~ at~~ ih~: ~itc cif tl1r~. ,~I~i I~en~patiaila tarltratcKrc~. the
prc~jr:st e.lra~xlr~y~~ l~~r~srC l;a~car supc~r~°i5~:ti ta,+~~ am r~rastira
~'calaapixll}~ Ins,n ~a~hu 11ar1 salpc;rinl~:r,~le~ tla~ a:~n~tr°u~t~}rt
remark ~#`hrtn,rtr bEril~lin~~ %n :~eattlL Arad ~'Ir~.~Fcrlrl,~.'~~'~rk
~r~7~r~~~i:c1 ian Ilse Ic~~e~a C'it;~° hanrr IItI'rarr~;;la~kt~t rlrr~ust
~ncl iltdr~ thy; #all. In S~:picottl~er, L~u~:itY arrn,j4~nt•er3 it
-~°~r}rr1ct' ~utl in a tlair~ rune~;r~'~ter ~~ ~ranst~let~~i ~rbrn
t1aly laalii~~~~t~' nt~,ek b~tv+~•e~:n tlae ralcl al~cl nes~~. ]aan~5,n,
nortltr~~e~t icy tlae lntersec:ric,n asi tlae iv~'~ ruri~~=rr~a~; rac~~ti'
rtrl~l~r cunsiraleti+.~-1t." ~~,, e3r1~' 4_l~l~rber, Ilac air~aar•~
callcc~ ran.tl rtacl~a w~gl,i~raaent ~~e~~ htira~ nt~a'eri tl'rc~ral
tlae +~I~ t,x tI~I; n~,~ti•~ hant~~Ir, '~Irycl a ne~~• st~e.l b~:tre.~~r1 tu~s~cr
~~~a~ "litl~er~„ ~~t tlir: ~x~e~t errai +~G`tl~~: rrc~es° 1i:rn~str, Ira n>iid-
~~a~tober. ti~'la~:lr tltr~c "I~a~r:ira~ ar-r~a}' I~>.trsrlit ~lrtra~~„
l~naiie~ {llll tEt~ tli~ltl tca rcEir~;l, ilia:y~ aracl rt ~a~~itr~ air mail
lalarsr_ h~crlrtae ~rrlrrlac~~.rl Icy tn~ alai ~~vere iarrxtser~ al~lt
ew illa the rc~~r~~c rlir Irr~16i plane, iIa tla~ ~arar~~rlr, larucl'E'; tltie
t"c~ll~~~~in~ cla}'`s ~rr~+:r rl~~li~a7~:rl. ~~f t1-r~ "lar{~~.ti~rl~cCity° ril'
ttr~ cyc~+~' han~a;r," I~~~'a ~it~° r~~~•iatliora ~.ratlau:~itr;;tl.~ s~°cr~c .~a
p~l~~,sl +~ti~ifla tl>;e eurtip~l~ti~,,n nl'tE1e. ail~r~ri irra~rYa+~i;taa.nl~
~]aal ~'e~'ar ilaat ilyr`. €~:I-Ialaab~r of ~'~ala~nacrsc snt~rra~~ 3
"~tr1a" rIt tlr~; arrt, ~m~hialr inel~ictecl clrall~r' in tlac rlaeti~'
F3~~t'i n Irr,ra~~~r. y'
The ~ucecs~€~ul1v e~,Ina~Ileted laf~ajc:~tl.w at tla4 ~]irt5~art
~+ai°°'~a ~'irs• ~~#rrr~r'~fXN7'.~:~fi~rraa~l
1~
Bo~i,~~°s [new hangar capened vwr`de ter, b+ott~ the nr~rxYr end sgut:h s'r~les to enable ~t,ell:ere~l p~ss~nger I~~rlin~.
IJ~~ited Air Lines t~r~rk +~+~er for its subsidiary, Boeirs~° after 1931.The €I~,thin warn i~~ these p~ssengea~s su~sts
the photo is frcarn t~,e 19~Os.
t1att~ ~•~t~ta- ~3r~t~aaa~ILC~ ~r rataanb~r c~l'c~[h~r ka.y ~:~°C;nl~,
oa3t:lttcliir~* ~.h~ cxC~iysi~aa ~ul'Ch~ C~~~aa's b+.~r~c~~r~ #~ in4lta~c~
tly~. ,~~r~,+~rt IaC`c~l~crr~,~ ~s~d, Cap ~IC~. CCr,~in ~oi' Cly~ ~Iti~m~~r
~~f`C,'t}sratlr~r~~. ~.l~~in~isy~ eEr~. st~sr7t~ ~ai'tlte srr:,t~, f~~.ilit}'•
{3E•lic~~slll°~ ~CiII ~aatr~k~a~a asp IEra 4~°`~6e;rJ, `~rrraslti ~is~Et3, lltia~
'h~trr~~er aar~ia~cl C1iaaC rc~i~~.nts srlrsr~~c}° ~t~a~ar~C~s~l~~ a:Celfcsl
it tla~:: antsaait;il}~sl Ciarrt. "4~'~ ~, s1~aC ~~°i::lro t+~ rs~h raaiRlr
c~t'~aCSy~ ]a~aa~r," ~~~sJ I~.1~'~~° +s"rusyti, ~'Ir.:ta~yky~r s4tar~ttae~~,''~tat
~;
~s,
fts:l Clt~~t ~rnt:~ 0.1ro~ t°iiy` ft;rw htru~lrt [kip dt•lcl ~sttl ptst ~
~.tsra~~~l~;r,~hl~ wum {a~arlcpata~~ ar it+ iOt~Iror~p~~~R~acn6, it sEuotsl~i
ka~~3r C]ti~ cisv'a atiaCrrr~,"' Finall;~°. in ~ a~~a+t~~u Nlraas o~~~~tal~i
fi~;isa°~: prs~a~yir~t:ntl;~ in airps~rt atli~•iti+~~ llia•s~rs~,fr+~ue tkr~
s~c.xt t3~.~~ti~.,, ~.st ~~~~ia~s~r ist [t~t~~sti ~isa~c: I~~~~, P4rs.s1 h~tt•,
Ci~a~~s:.c,l tier 4rntE xs~si;±~ ~rCSnlatl "t:~~las~i~~ nl~ts lc~ ra~~r~ai
~a~~e.s~~cr ~~r~°~c~ ~aa~i ~~~aa+~4a~t sa ~~}~in~, a~c~cx~~ .~[ l6rt I~~~h's~
r ,f
$ 7
y
~.
Radii c~qui~r~r~,e~ss` and the t~w~er seen h~s°~e at the west en~1 cif the E~aein~ I•eangas° nv I~nger exi~#. `T'he biplane
ta'rl•draggew• inside the ~~Sangar sugges#s #Yais pl~o#~ i~ fe°~st~ t}we 193~Ds,
~~ ~drir~cr C'irr :L#rrrrrcr~xr~.•arr~r~
~ ,.
~ '.
a
-- ,,,
.
`-~ ~ ~-~
~~ ry
E3~+~in$'s +atalitariara Itiangar, +wi#h its beiclc app~ndag~ #hat frQnt~ed ~.iversi~e i"3ri+~~ and s~rv~a~ as tifket csff~e and x.
I~bl~y,w~as a far [~'~+ fr~rro the fir'r~~~sed styGis~s des+gn of Chrta~~ artFai#ect Lecsnard F7ac~mb~~°t'~itll,it served the
city's ec~r~°rr~n~er~ial aviation needs f~rr r~ea,riy 25 years, khrougFs nn~ +,~x~r~d atat' ar~d rnaray advan~cerngw~#S ir1 aircraf#
#echn~als~gy.
l~b4-r~ ~`rr~~ .4~~a~rit'ry~k'r1 rlar;rarrrt ~,(1
~uilc~~n ~-ard li+dcen~!ur-,
I'~~1 ~~
I'tttal `aftsa}~~ ta~at}~'k~ii lair satal~q" pl{tr4s'. a 1•rratul rt~;t4°
Yai~lsraac.r~or ~ira~, uitla ~aa ~~~~r'f ~~:Fr~ai~t, frcoaaa C'crC~r
itaaici~ ~~ la~ti~:~;a C'it~~ ita 1 ~?k~. iaat~:rat ~~n startira~;
s~ri~us lau~iric~; aal°"kaur-rtica!" ~I~~ita~_ Tl~'~1 Taa`c.ra aaa
Lllkt~k nt~:r:lttratii+:, knul~}r~~~~lw, ~°»tlitisiatit, .rncl yak ~^~k'k~,r~ti
hsaa-aa~tcartxa~r ira ~'Lr<I~r I~ea~ick~ 1~}r ecra }~~.;are, T~>,at ti4•a~ r~°acT}
tea ~ccers: ran buifdin~ pan ~r~~i~atia~ra r'.~c'ina~aaaa~•. In 1~~~4~, ~+°Irile
the l;ux~•a ~C`it}~ ~ir~,orz k~=~~ rtncl~:r~,~ir7~; its r~-kcwt :;ubsts~taati~!
krt~arc~+~t~rncrat»: t~~ sl~tk:, Slta~,a~• ~~-ctn rla.° k~±kcluti~~~: ri~lat tt~
c~~~r,~t4 it Il~~itl~ a~far''~a[ c.aTi the tirlti. `i~.n ~k;re;cnt a~l'hi~ti
r~eca~t~ !r-~ati that ~ch~3a~l ~+.•4rat t~~ tlt~; cit;~~, llu~ a ~"t~t ~~I`ar~v
lt~c.~~al ~assca~,krr rir3c~ cr ]rana~cr, cress-iry4arjtry' lans~;~aa~;cr
tripes, Try 1~~~~?, laa~~•• ~~j~a3 lair Itry~~ Air~r~i't ~'s~i~~p~•~ti;~
t~a~c_arra+~ ati~crociat~:el ~+k•ith tp7~ ~C`iwili~kaa I'`ilc~t'T~~airtiatp_;
i'rc~~rsaara (C'I'-i-I'}. ~ ~c~~• I~~°Kkl I`k~clcr~31 ~ra~~~rarn tlr4at kmie:tp
tra inarr-r<tasc t1ac naranTacr r~ traincci gailuts aaati~tt~+~'i~lc. Slaaaaf~
aacu~l~;~l taa~rc ~lat:ltcr T"cr lair p~laaacs~ 13~.~•~~°r:.~~cr. csTc~iall5"
ira 1i~1•ai csI"Ta~ craa~,•in~ tfi~~in~ st:ltiia~~l. I-I~ tr:lr~~~kl~' i'rall}"
usc~T t1ik.; 4g~r~ `"r~~urai~ipar~l" I~.stn~ar, aarikL tk~hk:rt ~ ti~°ik7rl~t~~ran
~r~;traa;a,~~ccl •~tinc; cl` 6aas ~lane~ Shfr'<4~ resa.~rl.~ai1 tc~ l~~hika~ lai~+
cr:~tCt t~~ :a kcrak.c t~ tic tlacr~a rlc~~~~n, `itla rr lacal ~~n~rp~an±~~.
~da~lc. LtaafiabcrR T~ruvia`lira~ t13a ttaat~.ri4als a~tt +~rc~it, la~°t+~~
tc3l~ tTac eit~~ c~utaapil lac ~a?~{~s ravaac~~' t~ ~rc+~t ~r ~[~-1;i}~-~~1-
i"uct a~•~uu~lcaa It~ata~;€ar, ttr be ~;it~~l gabratyt a 1 ~7 t'k`et ~~xrrtlt
caf flak: I ?? ctanc:r~^ta`-hl~~s~14 la~it~~r_ Tktw r~pa;n ~rek~t;~~
ii~°I~T purr{p4krt~iiri~1 t1~c race' It;art~sar et•{}u1~1 ~til1 he usccl I~~r
t 4a~a~~~i'~'~'~ 5at~~ ]7~tr~,a~....,'1~?
Tla~ I~~~li~~r1 ~~f tlae aaca~ iatara~7r ~!ut STaa~e' +kw°c:ll ~rJ-rtaa
Cara t.Tac ~ir~~a~ ~rsarar~cl~ tr`aett tlac laaara~ar built ir7 1~??•4{) b±~~
13n~:ita~ ~ir'I'r-~ra~p~krt. I~e~a:rY~; aa~aa.5 cuac ~t ~~°vartkl uirlikt~
~ubsi~li7ric~ cpt' l~°kiitcrl :'~oneraf•4 ,~ lrain~~}~aa~ ~'+t7t~;~c~r°~ati~tin.
Ki c~}ra~lxan~k:rrtc t.71-.~a~°i;ati~~r1 a;caa>Ia•tnic:~ t1a~t ttik:a°~~€l in
]~}'~~~• I'a I~i~ ±, T3ccati*'~ radcl~crtclcra4 airlrac~~~rk;r~ti~~t7~
cc..asc~, .ara~ the ccaaaa~a~r5±~ r~i{~r.u~~:a~ its~li'~:~~.tta.~i~:•~~ly
t~ua~~~nJ ~rir~€`.31t ~Ir~~;i~n. l-~at~-11~„'° E~c~~ira~`w ~[}-3~ws,r ]k:akc
~~~~~ i"t~nn3l~i:= ak~i~*a~c~ t~ ~nie~;cl ~'1ir l.itac~ in 1 t13~ ;~s
}k~~ll. k~'hil4 1a~~~~•'~ ~air4a-fatt ~~~crc ~~'ail~,bl~: tier kair~:-~r
cla{rrtcr-by' iracli~•idu~~ls, llraitc;~ crar3tinaa~:~ t~~ pr~+k~i~T~:
craaaatl~~:rci~l ~aysscnk~:r sc.r~ri~:c to It,~,~Ea 'it~~ ~~•~:II iaat[a tl~
Ta~~(1~, ISkar~ira,~ ac~~crFal i]i~ltts ~~~rr+::~lr. ~Tl~ctiu~:h rr~~ra~l.ar
stir r„Fkil wcr~°icc It~a~ s~rc~ar:l try ~a num[~cr ~~p~1a~'a a:itics,
inclraiiin>~ Tics i~~i~~incs, flak: I~a+,var ~`itw 7ir~~art rena,lira~~i Bari
ctaacr~.cn~~~ t~.r~~i~c fi~:lt~ ~s ~e'c1l_"~
Str~~a° r'~irr~k';ii~ ~aktap'rran}° iranirihratucl si~rli~r~~izatly tkl
tlt~ crikrat~~a~s pit than a3ir~rc,rt t1ar+~~><apala~ut t1c I ~~3~s arncl
1~~~{Ts. ~a tiraic ~kk<rir>'c~ tla~at s~ar~~~ c~•'cr-aaap~r~~+k~ia~~ a-rraao+.~~ays,
thanks t~ re.p~cat~.~l 6~al~.r~a1 grants ~aY~l ~e~e~r~ lxr«~;rt~kka~k:;~
Tla~ 13~cita~-~itailt ~a•ta~'c] t`~trax~°~+~'~ ~4•~r+~ u~1~lress~cT iaa
Sh~kwAkir~rt~k~t ~#rt'a~~rry ~O~~+skt i ~~1Q~,Th~ a.r~h~d-r'++~~~h~rrig~kr lra rk°w~ rr~ri~lcll~ #f this ph~t~ wales ere~te~d in I92~,
urhile the srttiali~r gahi~~front h~~ilding t~ the right is ShavaP"~ ~wra•nd-4rakrrk~ hangar, built in i 934r,An ;~~~y ~f
T~ytt~rxratt trainers is p~arit~d ir1 t'rant ~f the hangers. l~loat+rn of the C}uildings exist tarii:~y.
~~ ft,ti~u C'rltr,4.{xxrrrc~afcr~rtrr}~x}r~
I~~~ rrnc~~.ra'4~°de~rks ~'~~xgrt~.:t~ r~~itttia7i~trtstitln ~~~'I',+"~
larra,~rrct that acMc~.~rl rr t~c~,~°~ tr~trtlj~~~~.~t-:~c~uthtr~a~C rtrn~~'~}'
trad ~:~t~t~d~:.d bntEr ~nd~ ~ tlt~ rrt~rth-~~trttlt r°tui~~°:~~°°
E_rt~lt rurt~~~:~}` ~w't~~ r7itrc.rclJttrj~cri ~~•itlg l~~rc:r~ ral'r~rk
~kti~+w i-s.~N~~:.r3 I?et~~°~:~a~ ~~;~lstrll.:~lt.3l+.''ti rtirc:rak~, lrtr<;rl~€I
to Cly~ ~o~aClt +3f~ l~~Clt rrrn~+F~~~°~, t~a~;icd nr~ turf lct r~;r~h
t~tertt. ~cl,liti~ar~{°rl ra~nk~'ay° v~rrarl~ t~+~~k ~Irt~e ott ] r?~44~J,
main a~ rr I~cicr-,rl iir~sj~~.t- tr°rlti.rt tEte; t:~±t-}~~r:.~t rua~a,~=sty
~~~a~ ptt~+~;cJ a4°itl`t ~~arocr~r~:, l{taa~r €rart~~°ay I?rsaj~ct~ +~°~r~
xls,~raua3t~rlut~:~irt l~]~1 ~t~€i i~~+..r~~~a~~ar-I]re~:~r~.drtrus~
~r~r~~~.Cs. CI~~ int~rca~~c~i rnrrak~~a}~w ±,~°'c~ulri t~ii«x, ]~at~•~ Pity°,
il`n~c~~~7r~°, tea "~cn~~ $a~; rt rl~#`~n~+ Et7~~ fnr Clip Rack
I~.l:rn~l ~rr~crtal."'a'~°'Ith t13~ ~~rorld 1t +.w°ar a.ttn, tllr: In~~Fa
C= its air~rrtrt h~c~tr3a`. "~rtc of'tlte: f~:~~F ~`z~~r,~~=cd I~~ tlt~ ~.a•~r
~aparltrt~n[ ]ter tr~~~nac;~[tnin~rtt~tl kar~thc:r~_"`~
Tl~a: inc~~s~. in ~ir~~rt ercCi'~°it}°°~at~t txt~ctrc ~1~'ctrlcl °
'l~'~r EI ~a.~~~ r•~trt~srlw~l~lc. Sha~x~~ r'~r`~rrft ~'nr~7~~ay~° It~d
j uai ~snu: Itrt~3t~ air`1°al~rt.r° un tits: i~lti :r~ irl~ €o~. 1 ~'~r'i, but
i~}~ I c~:bc} ~i~*atit ~Itaty~~ ~~°rrr~ hc,~t~~~rl trt t1~a {tirectrl, rMi~~
tEt.c ]uc:t~tl n~`~~°~pa~~r ~stirtl~t~.~ tl3a°tt i ~~[] rc:~idt~.ts ly~d
tt`airt~ti ~~ ~il~rtt~"'~4~ha=tt Ita~~:° °~ircr~i~ C~attt~aa~rt~,~ ~.rtt~:r~~3
t~~~ C_']~TT} rl~stC ~;rn~~ }~~ar, rtitt[itltwr~ ~k]'platt~*; rrnwl aCuti~.t~t
pilctt~. lrrtaaati~tir;t311k° r~s~.l4cc~r~ln~; ro 1'eul 5h~+}~. ~~°ltt~
^~~°a~ irtt~:r~°i~.~,~~~d ire 1~7t~~3 f~r• ~ jarrrrytrli:~r~g la~r~~~:r`.t, tits:
~]ni:vcr.~it}+ ref ]~k$~~t'~ ~:n~iat~~.rirt ~I~l~terin7~nt prctw°dc:ri
tl~r: ~;rnrtrtid ltna_a] iry~trrr~.tiirr, I'c~r ~C'I'`1"P stardcrtt~9 +~+~°tsil~.
lac: ~r~:rar.c9 €rs flikEtr intita~u~t~~r, ~"~ttrs~s ~~°r~rc I:~tu~lu ,~~~
~n~irr~~rirt~ I?rul:~:~r C]n~~:r° ~'° Lurr~lrlui:~t. s;cari~~titt7sra
tt~ai~ tt~~d~.l. ~l:r.rr~.~ acid r~~irr~l; rrlitrt~ls° 1~~T 1 ~~il, E~ytia~+~°
]~~zrf crt~iu~!It titu~l~rtt~-irtclrzctittt~ s~a°~r~l b+~°~~ttt~rt-tltr~t
]t~ hand ~ci!~iti~n71 #~i~1tt in~tr~tct~trs, ~I~c~r t17~ C"I""f l'
~net~cl in 1~~6, Sl~~•re~°': t~i~l3t 4,~:.}tdar~l .fan tta Crain c~c]~:ts
ttrtrl~.r tlt~ tta~°y"~ 1'a~ar °C`rttiatnt~ };~~°i~~, Sltia~r~°'~ "tt~+~°~°
~;I~aata°rttarr}= trrtia~ira~; raniC" ii~iCi{~rlly° had 1t1C2 ~:~lciwt ~;tracicrgt~
frr~cl ~rnr~iptetl I~im C+r1 i~ur~,lrt~~. 15 rttctrc; tr~tin~r~. f ]r»s
~.~li~a<i f~~r Sil rt~~;~~ _~tu~le~rtrs ttt ~_r:~a~}~I~tr< tr~tirrirt~. ut~clc~r
bcttit Sltawk°° 4,n~i 1_.uracfclstu~:C, c~°~ry t~ar~o tt~c~ratlys. i~,~ I~~~.
I'arr~ ~Itrr~u';; I~i~i}t schoEtl It.°~tl ??' irt~trur.t~trs rtnr<I rt 11a~C ~~f
Ott lea~~st ~~ trairl~r-T`~ryic~r~ral~ Iti~~u-~~°itt~ att~t~a`rpl~t~t~~.
~arc,~rcl.irt~ tit `~trr~~~°'s srrtr~k~ica~r~~phy°, Etctti~°°ectt 14 ~~ ~tj~i
I'~, `~Eier~~: r~.rcraf~ Cnrrr~~tray, ~tal~'trairt~d ?,~~]{~ >I~~~~=
i?il~tt~° ThL trit+,~}r's ]~r~lli~,ltt :~c:l~~~l~ d~~: ~icl~~titr] tlid a~~at
in~lrrdc tilty~s fli~lrt iatstruCtia~ra. wc} :~hry~~f°~. na~°rl ~:I~rtt~.rtt~r}~
tr~irtiri~ p~rc~~;r~a~t Kr]~p~str~ to I~~t~•~; k~~;r: n irtd4:pe°rtd~.rtt ~tf`
Ike ~r~i~i~;hl ~clicrr~l bir~s.d stn tl~c. €trti~`~r~ir}~'~ caa~tiarts.
C:+~rCryir~l, CIz~ t+~4~,~ aa`ti+~~itie~ ~~~cr~; r~~~rt~rl ~~ stv~:~a°~ttc
~.a3titi~:.~ itt tEt~ it~~°~ti ~t,~~r.5=
I'rictr Ct~ ~~°'t?rlcl ~~'ttr' il, 1`3r3it+~d r~ir 1_irt~~ ti~l7cri4~titr~'cl
fr~sa~cr C'iPi-.ti~a~rarr:°~~r~af;.trr~ett,~°r ~~
Might irtstruc~`sQn at tFte ~Irpo:rt gi+r~n ~a thra et~val ~ad~ts I~arn~n~ to tl~ as ~ part ~f theYYar-~rainiirrg Saer'x~ee
prr>;gram is pictured in this phaCa fr~rrtt the earl+~ 19~fts.
~~
~r~~~w°tl~ iat ~:a,n7rtl~r~;.srl ~~a:~~n~a;r treel3'ir~~ ai ~etaa•a ~'itrc,
ti~ a~iLicf> sr~ that in 1~13~ it incre~3s~~} flights l~~t~}°~i<rt
I~~~a ~it~~ aitcl C'fwi~a~,e- lotyt Iltrc~ tct iil~'~ tart~~s;~ ~~°~t<lc,
Slt~a~°~~ x~~artittt.~. t1~Jirt.ir>I~ ~I~ti~°it~r Ott tl?I~, ;~tir~~~~, 1ta.~~~~i~'~:r°
~jtctettt~rt ietcrca~.:~irtgfy ur,~i~.ett~l~.asta.erll rvr~arisr•°r;ra [a~~a•~.
l>lan~rrrsp~ac~• lrt l~l. Sha~a• l~ll:~crl al>;~.1;~c~~irt~,°rtirlia~~"
ltact~?mr ors +.~~i:11 ~s tlt~ l~?? "at7a~atir~ip[I" ata[t~7r ft~r 1ai~
t~i~}ti ~~Itcar~l, su~~~titirtg that tlt~: l'~~:~e}u~ra~~° s~fl~itt~+t~'s
lrenclieti~*s ira Ic~~~~~1 ~'it~~ It~ti ilc~lir>,~~. t~ ~,~c~r I~t~r, let ~,•i~~°
}i~~~, la~a7iti;cfi cr~rrrPliatcl~,'stits}~~atalcc~ airline yrrra~a~~ [astir
fctka°~a ~ ity fiat adz i[tcli:i}aat~ p~ri~•~. T}q,~ ~~~nt}~aru~• I>ia~J
~'~ frree•er ~'ilti• e4frrrrr'c-ifruf ~rr~-j~vr-r
tlern~rl ra~~err scti [xt~an}'+?I~atti p~lraa~~s aat~l ~il4~ts t~~
tl~~ ~;~~>~mrrien.t f•~o-r thi: ~a•ar r:l~i~rt tl~~~t it +~~~
[ara~l~las tip sKrst~aia7 [ai1r[r~s] ~:.r~rt>la~>ia:rc.i~tl }~as~~;r~~*~:r
~~t•~'i~;~:. trr ~tti~ll ~[i~~ li~~ Ict~~°a ~L ate'. i'.~'c:it i~'
~~
[l~~° +pl~:r~~;~ntl i:xit~cl, "l ~rtit~tl rreirl i~tlic:r air I ir~era
i •-;~ r~i:c~~nir~ tltt~t 1114ir fiat ~E~li~,rttican i~ tai tics
'• ~~~cry~thi[t~ tlic}r can t~ It~l~x ~~.•iu tl3c ~var," I~~ca'<I
~ - 4~t[iitr [t~~ata~c:r i-~.L- I~ia~s~.v t~~ld t}~~ ~rri;ss.
"`l'It~ flit^i~.rsicaet t~l`~rl~et~~ ~rtrl tr~~t•~ ttk a-atilit~r+e~
~~ aar'`•ic~ ]tas atc~~ssit,et~.cJ ~4arta]>rcl s~:l~~cltiel~s in rill
r Paris ct-tl>la: c~ufttr5', rrnrJ t~a~~}rrr7,r su~Pca>ISi~~at
~`~° ~sf s~a~~ii:c t~ si;.~•~ral rli~zen ~.t~[tLrnvniti~.s."
~. ~'~~sur~itr.~.~. E~_y t}7~ ~Vrtit~~ •~rir Line f,rr~;i~~eu,
1~'illirrn:~.- °`I~~t" I'a.ttir~catt. [ltr~i the airiie~
~~ ~~°t~taicl "r~;ts~r~ a„r~~•ic+~ tip Ic~t~~,t C`ity° rrs ~i~~r>I
s rll'J ~~•rr rr:q~aircaa>I~nl:a rta~ lan~~r nr:~c~:~sit$at~ tl'1
~. ,~ sras~caasiQr3" ti~••r:r~ laa.a~li~l~a;d ira a lar~?~ r~cl ia>I tlys:
1r3~~~1 p~r•c^~~; ~ i~.~t= c}~er.s lati~r urytier the }ic~rlirl€;
`."Y'c>'rlr Plrlrsinlio>IV:rw lari~'~,jc>tin~:~l r<ft~ r'lrrtlv.;",
Irtcl~c~l, lJnrtarei r~~rws l~~t~k li}~•in~ its ~~'-
P~~lairGla[ti~rs i[°r an~i aut af' 1~~4°~~ i`:yit~° fey Fa~br-r;trv
l~#G. It :Zl~u ilui~kly ~.°t:al~li:~l~~.cl ~ r_:tart3tt~~r€,i~J Ita:~s.itgi:r
rte~p. lit C:~rlrer l~~ipicls h~• onic}sr~e~tnt~;r tfx~° ~::~an~ y~Lrer.
C'lri~zan~ et ~li~J I~t~t "arpt~ncl ti., ;akAalti~l~}[a Ii~t~=rl ~'at}r as a.
stct~pn~; ~c>ia>It," tinitcel raltarnata:el its scl>I~;da.ilcci la[tidin,~;s
~~t~w°~:~tt tl>I~ tu'~ ~;itira~. I?~~t~°ttr a~~i.~t~ot in la~+a~°z~t ties
hc~r~~aniTt~, k~~iili tali hit 1 ~ i~}'tl>;c: tit~tl~'~ {7'5~ c~~>.enl.i~s
r~~st~ri[~~ tea. ]~a~t eaa~c ~~ir~~rt, :~~ c7f'tlt~r>~ ow•n~rl b~•
[nrr»lic:i~rrlitiie~. ~s tl~~;r ri:l~aailt th~:ir roratr~s f~~9lct~4~itt~ tltc
~~~ar, c~tlt~:r ~;i~[t~entc:r~:i ~I airfiat~_5 ~ils~ ~c~n~.icl~.r~cl irJ~licf
lt>'~a•~ C'ity';a!+ a ~tt>'~a, ~x~~.~t11}~ [laa.; ra~yrCh-a~atxth c.art'i~t^s,
~~icl=~'€~ntiri+~[tt ~`1irlinLS nir~cl~ lr'eal irtyuari~s tip ~ata~c
A ~i~u~~ n;~~al ~aeclet (righa:} pear`f~rrrr~s his pr~~lght iresP~ection
isf ~Taylor~erat't in this p~hc~t~sgraph from the earlgr 194a]s.The
i~ther rr°a3n resee~tbles Paul Shaver.
Itiliaaa•I~ three di3>zereTa~rlisri:raft trainers sat autside the twv hanS~irs used Ea'y ~I}a~~rAireratt ~m~any ia~ the I~'~dts,
This ~ie~r~'ft ~~uld lay ti[tei~ nosy d~v~rn fir t`ght~r storage, attm~wriang mare ai'tL~eere a;~ I~r~'shelte~r+r:ti rw tl't~ h~r~gaa°s,
The ~ky~way Ca~l~ins rraot+ar ecturt w•as I~cated just taeyresnd the 'ark grave of trees in the up,~aer 1e4~. !n 14115, the
citlr acquired land andl estal}lishifd' ~ Park kr~sr~+rn as ytyr~un's'V'4roc~d~ ~#op tf~~ byu#~ on the hsaria~a~a tirvrard the
right,
Paul ~hav~ (I`ar deft+a~lt~ng with f1'igh~[ instructvrs~~Ffice staff, and rnecha~i~cs ~f the S~awAircraT[ ~C#raapany; line
+~~ fir dais t ~~2 Phc~tograpt~ used in a patristic ad pa#biisFaertl 3n tlae ~~wv arty F're~s.s-~tJZerr vn April 4.The ~~eit~J
United Air Lines° hangar is in the baclert}un~d behind the three wrar~ert,wla~ are deatti~etl as ~l=r) ~ecr+~taries
Gretchen [~aerres and juar9i#a Ptice;armd agccruntan,t Be#t}r j~~~ Co,chr~r~.The Flight irastru[#orss~nding in
the knack are I<i-r} GlifEc~rd j, Leuth~lt,. L~n,b~ert I_. Pechter, Henr~~fande ~Cerk; jack !-Farni~tc~n, Le~nardl7l,
VVoePpel; Harald E. F~~av~e, Paul E. Hansttare,YVilt~n ~. rF-It~dges, anti Herraa:er I•~lagns. Mechanics kneeling in the
Trans row a.re ~I=r} F~~bert ja jehle,V~t''ilstrn j, Putnam; Rr~lsert FCircher, john C3eHcstsgh,`11~"ll+arn ~, ~nshart;Yllalliarn
H, Everett, E]ale M. Br~ver~er; and Everett j.Taykor.
the ~tssc;r~gar ri~:rrb:trtrl, .~tti~l I~t~ in 197 Gttstcrn ~'~irlan~:s
~ro~t}scc~ to {tcicf It~+:~~- C`it~° ivt its. I~loricla to ?~littttcsc~tt
~I~itis :aulat~yitts:l to the C'ia~i] ,~crtanttuties i"#~:r~irtl_~s
1~~t7t th61 ~icist°~t~ar e+t~ctrts k~.~crc ~n~~J tytra~~s !~}r the
lacal ttiR?trt~, I~~aa~•~`~'~r. 1n 1 ~~ 1, ~~°]y~rf Icati~"~~t ~itv ~a-~
its t7a~: tfi3it~st +t}t`~altlnnin~ ~~; taaaadur>a Et~~ti• adrr5ttistr~tiat~
htlil~lii~t; ~t tl~e. ait•rC to c~p~:r~tc as 7 l~raninal I€ar ~ttiiccl
fir l.,in~~, tf~c. C'i~°il ~cr~an~tttcs.~r3ministr~tic~n (~C~
~rtlieci its +.4"c~at7acr :~n~i a;t~~isrturtic.~ti~~Et st~tic3ta arr~i
ititcs~~c~.i it t~ tkac C"ccittr i~~t~idw tti~c~rt, l`It~ ~~~~°rrtrrl..nt
I~tc1 insttil1c~1 it:~ ~t~tiott ~t )iow"tt ~`ty its 1{)~I, dttrita
t~t~ ~r~c~+,°ar ~S~tildu~ o#"tt•;tir5in~ a~:tir~°itics at tl~c 3ir~i~~ri,
[~espitc, tl~e objccticrts ~r~~ att cpp~~] rnrtlw h~, h~tsincs
i~~~.r~ttrrs tut~l t.h~: cit;~'~ tiir~t~rt ~:~}t~rn7i*si~n {cstab]ishcd
in a9). wt~r<ac ~~f~t4~hotro~ tr~s~'~:lc,d t~ Ktn~;~s ~C'it~d tcb Plc.a~l
tic c~tsc its ~,:rs~t1, tl~c: C~~. stu.c.}c t~~ its; esrigioaal tl+~tisa~n.
Local rcg~rc:~.ntatia~~~ tls~a ~aslt~t~ G`ttil4+:l r'4ir L.in.~.s to
"'r~n3e1N]~ nc4~lri3l" ita tlt~ c~rntrrtvcrsy, bvt tlt~: r.c7tr~~r~ftY
artn€~~ttaccci that l'it cc~~tld ttr~t I~a+~'c cu~nmunic~t~ans
st~ttiot~s :at la~tlti tu~~°rrs, it ~r~.~Lrrt~l t1~at t~ac one ~t~ttitata be
Ir~tti:~i ir3 ~'c4i,t:r ft#1~itl;~, T~?c ac~lt of~ losing the ~vs:atla~.r
anel ccltAttaatani~.tttittin station;lirJ not, Itok~"ca2~r, st~~
~arn~cr~'ily~,'~frrrraa~r",~arrf,~tr•~~~r~r ~~
,,
~tlruanin~ fc}r thr tlir~caa~°~ nc~h• vdniinistt-~rtital~ fauildiTa.
Tft~ a;i1°' ta3~:}Iw l~iilw I'~r its °cnaa~tructazi tla~, s~n~c u°i°ck lft~:
sts~tiura°w I+v~ss aa'as tirona~aJlaa~arti~ aJiltia7aatt:.l~° ~~~'ctrtlirt~* tEt~.
c.~~.r7ttw~ct Ira 1ri.f~. ~°"r~~'i°+'w~+~' C'[~rtstrta+liarr~. "C`Itc l~a^:,~ ~p
hc~ila I.ha< ~ttrtic}n ttracl l,iriit~el" ~:cr~~aar~; star+:l~' etas[ aw. fall a~n
the ctvtla~, c~l`t:il;~• nlTi4i~al~.''
Tlaa: C'.4, r~'Itiel7 Ii19ac1~cG 6~all'th~ 17ctr~ 1c1177inistratiat7
briila~it7~;, 17~r1 I€alcl Ilta~ a:it~~ f'roiaa tkt~ strait r7+~t. tip iltluala:
s~.~i:c fa.~r that ~,~°~.atitrrr :~rtal a:ianrtaraniar~iticart lGatit}tt. F']cln
~xa=ra= a3rat~°n lad h_~~ a I~}t.sjl lia+~~';a ~.~It}`:3rLltit~:a~t. H~nr1~° L.
Fisk. lit,}rn irr '~e~} '~'~~rlr, Fisk ~ttcltclecG Iltc: L'~niv°ersil~° tai'
It,+~~~~ ir7 1?~ at7i1 re~.ei~°~cl 17ic c:a.;rtiCl~:atc; a~f~ar~ltita;a;lclr~.
trc~rat tltc. f~l7i~~+~rsilyui'f'a:t7ita,"I~~ua{fa iii ]c:}'~'~. Fc}11c~ti~~in~
laic ~r~~tici~tic3ta l`ri7~itt ttt~ ~l.ll, lea: ~~rt~aat !lac net aainr y'crrrs
tie°~}rkin~ ti}r ~arcl~ita:a:ta irti a.'4f~aslar~~taan. f~,~`,.'a~t~~ ~a~
~~7RJr', Kin41 f'IatlKw:i~lf~hla, Ilt I~~~~-~:~ a~n[I F1~~6117 l~l I~'~~,
Fi±k t71~o ~; a~r~lcea~ ~~7r tfve. larcartiaiaarYrtl l]es :~f~ina~s iirrt7 t7f
Earc7ua~Ca:tt~l C3irc1 Ra~~°sa:rts I'l~atcr I'rtaualtia-cal., F~~r~+.°aa;}r1
ca~'crs~, 13~' 14)3, Fiwk ~s•~s ~;~Ic inl Iu~k~ti C'ity' in
I?ri~.°rlu I?rsa4Miec, ti~'17tFr~ Ittr cesiF;rtlar~c] [trrg~c r~siclart7c.c~
liarprora~incnt I~xva C:ili~ns encl. ir7 197, sa;c~'ccl ~t
t17~ lu~~l ~.~tlt.eillila~ ~ra:hit~.a:t 1r~r t}a~ l''r~a,.ti~-a(,`ilrz~rp's
n[;~~ ~lr~artilra~ i1~1esa3a:rrtr: huilcli}a~!, ire cfart~rata.}~.r~n 1c}i~Ka
['ir~c, f?urine! l~'arrlcl ~~`.:~r I[. Flak 4~•c}rktcl liar the nar~~.~
ia7 ~~''~i.sltin~*t~n, ~].C'., ><~rtat rettlt-r7cti t+.~ l~i~ck II~F kt"hc:rc Itc
[cf~C ~tlf~it7 la~tit~fi C'it~~, rcayci~~ly~ chi: tvutnnmis~i~la f;~r the,
~rir~urt's nea~~ f)aJll~lll~ Irt 9 {)J{~. F151C -4`.~1:; frx~r•~~t its°`~ can]}'
aravlait~.c;t rtt flit tit7a~., ~ sltvtttyura tl:tat ];a~t:a;ci urytil' ~~~}lit
1 c~fi'~.`r,
l~~rar}a Fislc'w a41a.`,ai~v It}r taec:airp~arl`s ;rcinainitr~agi~lt
l}4altl.in~ ~~•v~ siaa7ilar in rnaaaiy° ~~'~}':t lr~ !liar f az~~~,,~-
C'r~r~t~ra k~tlil~in~, ar~ie5l7~ile tltc. ii7tcr~~•erriit~ ~nE~ ~f irte~r~,
than a daat~aa3~., Tlro~ ~rc:c11: f7cpre,s*;ic~rt ft~iaj slt~~~°a~ti
~aintc:slit: htailcli>>~;, ,tram llta=rt ~4'crrltl'a,'~r~ar li h4rlt+~al o~£~;~N.
a:can~lraaetic7n tl74rt ~~~,as Ixa~~ a~~tar r~]~t~d. E~ar[~° }~cr:;l~~•'~ar
tle;~i~;ns taltcla ;a]}ltt:aarcii tt~} ar~'~~k4 iltspir°vlic7t7 #run7 Elra~
I k~~,[~s, ~.s if la.:ca~afi'ra~~~.i17~ ~~~ej• the +~carastra.retican ~a~ cat'thr=
laJ{f~s. 63ctlh flat' f'~~c,~~_ti-Crrr~trr~ r=cGifiea: ~traa.~ the ~rirPc~rt's
.ia~aaair7islr'~ati{}ra hariCrfin~ hat;! r.~]] aa~ntrsal ~7ltraa~w tl`°trakrrtl
la}r sia,lc e~rin~~, lia.7t17 ~ti°crc c~cLa:tatccl in tt t1t7 t7lil~t7]7~' ryt7~l
9ar~ttrlrea;l lar~,e Mass-lalr~ck kk•i91cla3tt~~. ~vt ~a~l7il+~ Ilte {~~7":.4,~~-
~'r"~~~cr~a bvilciin~ laa~ rnvn~l~.cl cai~~s ~t7ci e~~as a3~'~.or~t~cJ
e~'itla :t~,°li~etl saulrtairvl ~aitc.l~, I~`isk rrF,~~~0.a,~ leis
ICfnainiatr:atic}r, 1~lrila;ln~ tv re.i~rt:net; the eris~ ~~ncl san~4rlt~r
lil7es +,}f t17c ]nlcrnart~}Itstl t}~1~. Tlttp ttcft77inistt°~,ti~~lt
~aril[lit7~ h~~tas tears ~lr€fara~,~ratia_~t7, r+~l~°i17~ a.1ta15r' l5?7 clt;ara~irl~
materials to cltla~l7c+~ tlroa; ~~atf]a`tia:t;-lrca~7a raaa`rc},s~ rt}tt4~l~
]iiaac:slc7aaa~: t~rlc'ocltis, tit' r~a~:4.€1 hriclc, ta,} arinrac~tlt rsu~•i41ti
~rsenit,:., "I`he airlx}rt Fatrilc~in's ecr7lrtl r77~ass t~~drs naark:h
Isallarr tl7san its ~~'in~s, ~~~Itie17 17~~~c1 l~t»caa r~.cJvtw~cl I~ flat; ~;e~ll
c~1-t~7inctr +.~~.~7clit~~neia;s~ ;:tltcl Fis7c':t ctlc7ra3aa.~cls tt~~aa-:~t~ar}°
g[a:~~-bla~a~]{ ra~iita~c~~~ 1`~r i'tcrfiy cata:lc~sitt~ ~Ita` iaal+~ria}r in rra7
1~. ~ ~'rf ll~t ~I ~t ~~~ I~.1r~i~rrsi~ f I~
~~ Er~ar Lain
After° the bva~ta~ri~~ +~i' Purl ;hia~-bcar on C~eca~mber 1, I'941, tla~e lJ..rnilitar~' brarrches expanded their training prragrarras
~~ ~ d•rgr°~c rawer befr~re seen,'4'V'i[hia [hid ~s~p,ansign wr,~5 [I7 r3 i,.J.S. N~~r ~~~~s~~u[;~~-5 pr~~li~l~t ttaenarr~ prc~~rarn, or~ani~
under the auspices a~f th+~ Naval fir Pa•irnaryTraining Carnrraan€t. Clnlpa five lo~at~ians a~re~ss rho U.S. were s~l~c[ed fir the
preFlight schools, e~ch~ of °~vhich vperacaad fsrr vary~r7g periods ~etweert I ~4Z and I ~45.5efilaals cap a:he Unawersity of lawn
campus and ae ~~e Llntwersi!~y of IVar[h ~ar°ca9ir~~ in chapel Hill were- e first +~ t~ ~p~Ca.ga1 I°'I~y d9'4c,1'ref'iight scho°vls
a[ ahe University of Georgia and fit. Mar~r's Ccalleg+~ {tvali[arnia} cspened a monrh taeayr: in j~rna~ I'~4~~The Ffth grad f rtal Nary
prt:fligFrt school geared tap at the Del h1cante ~Califarna NawalAir 5t~a:ian in January N~~3.
As ehe name guggesrs.preEligh; ~rairuir,g was posiLi#necl ~ step brafor~ actual flight rts[t°ur;tivn.A.ft+2r pra:lerninary training.
students. were sent to cane of ahe five U.~, Naw~ prefligha: s.cl}aals. Upan graduauan~ selected ssa~dahnts a=+nntinua}cl ran t~
pt'rT7a~}~ Flight [mining. in pl~,a:e3" such as ~}ttum+dwa, Ictwa;~ensaccala.l=larita~,and Carpus ChristiFTexas.Tfte~ praaflight scfra~al irr
Irawa Ci~[y shauld neat: he ce~n.fus~d vria:h [Ibe fligF7[ it}~tr1r~[irwpr7 pra~g~ms [eking place at [lee seine tit-ne at the tit}'s municipal
air~aart.7he latter camrnenced in 139 as pare of the U.S_Aa~rny-aFfiliar~d ~iwilian Pila~rTraining Fr:ogram ~~I~TP~.~xsociarted
with mcat-e [h:3n ~~ tolle~e ~-ampuses natl€anv+Fide, the CPTf' was a IVew Deal program zhac asten~ptea tca baos~ prva~e
civilian flp+ing (noww called .gener•a1 awiar,~c~n~ lyy training yo~att,g rta~t7 3t5d w~rr±~n pilots, tl'la:ar+~tically prefaaring them far era 3gay
aE awiati+~n as ws~ell as tauilding a cadre t~f pilr~rs aacly fcar na~[iona'I defensa~, shcauld [hoe ~nayahd a~rise,Tkac ~PTI~ suffered frotta lack
of organization and political supp€ara:,haweve ;and u!Itimat:ely ~xpir~a# in 196.
Four pillars cif instrucrioia und~rpinraetl tlatr la9aw~'s ~arefliiglat training program; pttr~'sical caanditoning;na.wal his~ary and
a=usr~rns: rnilit:ary drill and s~arnanship;.and cort7mur~ca[ian, ordnance. and spet:ialtiex. N~erha„ps the mast nca!~t~l~ aspe+~t caf
this training, phlosaph}r was the focus tin physical conditioning fc}r the young naval anen, which a:ranslared t~ d7e P'crmation of
sp,~t°tts teams oaf trainees fr+~m each ~F the indiwidta~l preflight schools,According to the c~riginatar of tfte pref9ight curriculurst,
L.~ ~om~ander Th~trZas J. Han~ile~n ~a carrier frilot grad f€~rmer head football rroh at [hr: lsl,~, Militar{ A~cadem;~~, the spans
s; ~ PrFss°{1 C'r[?.4' .t lirrtrs'~,r~erl r~l tr{r~rt
ar~at+eur sports Learns ~~~• _ ~ - ~ . •,~
° ~ -
in the Harr can during „_ -
~.
this tome,They played
in the Sal"Iw4 v@i1~eS as -
the I~r~iv`+ers[[y of l~wa 1Va~v~l students arev picturezl here le~ir~~ I:h~ °'prancilales mil' flight" in the pa-~flight
spcirts teart~s, including graund s~h~al. Fromm presenting Frr F'~~ec~res, l_lnite€f $#Ates ~fvvy F're~ig~Ot ~chsa~rJ i"ra fa~ca
fc~aeball in ~e Iowa Cityr ~osa+cr, ~. l'4d3 ~~ 1944a
Stadium dater renamed
I~inniclt Stada~rn~ and basketball ~n the university°s Fieldhavse es~urt_~k.~dditionall~:traclc, sot~er,,mnasti~cs,baxin,~„~r~d
+wrestling wrere all a part ~F the uni~+ersity"s preflight c;~rnpus activity. Preflight graining at tl~e University of l~wa vvas Isrirroarily
based in b~uildn~s surr~aunding the Eieldhause an the w'~iver`5ity`5 westside campus {now largely occupied by University
~i~spita,ls and clinics bu~ldings),A nave administratian building ~wvas c~nstr~,cted by~ullr 194 fir the preflight s~dficers.ane~
existing ur~iversi'fy buildirogs +~sed '~ the preflight trainees and aificers included the Cluadr'arsgle and Hillcrest d+~rmataries-
~ccasianally the trainees ~»vere slag put. v,i~rCt on physieally demanding lacal p~r~Cects such as finishing rite drainage system
at the I Ciity 1"lunicipal ~+.irport in :?ctahrer 194_
#~dxe~~-E Day sin I''"lay >~, 1945 arsd ~-J say aa~ A~ugvst I ~. 1945, there vvas litt3e need fart chase extended rr~ilit~ry crair~ing
operatians at;~.mcrican daces ~d higher learning.ln September 1945tthe pp~e#lght schools asst the l~n.i~+ersity of Narth
~ar~lina and the University $f Georgia were bath closed, and over 41~~7 cif the remaining erainees i'r~rew each sch~cal were
transferred to the Schaal in la+aa Gitp.The ,preflight pragram in lo+~a pity vwas disc+untinued an [~ecember 4. 0945, when
all rerrmaining trainees were then sent to Lhe ~tturna hlaval Air 5tatian. lJltirnaeely, ever 2G,Q~0 cadets graduated frort~ qhe
preflight s€hc~al at ~e University of le„va d+~ring its three and a half years ~f c~per~tian-The last thapte~ of the U.S. l'~avy
Aerc~na,utic V 5 preflight trainingcame in dune 194f?, vrahen tl~e`W 5 s~choal clased at 5~ Mary's ~callege in ~a.lifarnia. In the end,
prefl~ht'S ertnphasis ern campetitfae sp~t«rts a~utlast+ed ih~e pr,~g~m arrd the wrar,and pr~sved tr~emendat~sly inlluen~[ial can ci~rilia~n
etsllegiaGe arl~leracs,Amvng the rester ~f individuals expased to the Nagy pr€~flight sports Philcrs~phy during. the v,+ar ye^ars~
either as t~ea~chers or eraine~es~irrere the likes e~flpc~d~r'1-Dyes. Paul ~8ear~ ~r-yant,and C3earge Halas. men wl~wa vravld Ia2er
became hti;gely sa~ccessful c,~a~ches in their a~~*rn right-
SOt~R~ES-; TFPe S~ir7dr~~t ¢F~te ~vlsaur~f Av~atr"earr ~'re~'ag~rt Seh~ool, Irwa pity (vveekfy pulalicacia~n. l'9~}~-45~, heated at xhe S~Le
F-list~nrical Society c,f lc,+~r$, Ie I:ity; ~~ City F'!ress-~rtiz~en,:mvltip'le issues, 19 f2-43; C~a~nald ~A~l. Raminer Jr,"Pram Playing
Field t~ BattlegraundThe lJnited Seaees l~lavy'~}-~ Preflight Prags~rn in~^~'arld V~far III' ~a~+rtaal ~~ S~r~rt I~is~#~rY minter 1985)-
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uftiil 1 ~~~~ 5G I•rvil~3iGi~
a~fl kh~ ~r~lGaacas it~ar t17~
Il«r~~in~a`~:nii~e~ atantar
a3+~st~: cl ~ e~ i'~. l~ Gt~t~~`n
as,~irF,rtri Lfrffrslt af~a9
il3f~ Airrr~rt I~~.~:Igi~Grsia~t,
-ra~i~ caattr~~ trt~t~° Itiar~"
r~~wrt-at~rl t,~ the lix°°cra
ti tlr~ iian~ ilt~ ~iil~~
scab t13~ huil~irt~. ~`~tic
aii~~, ~}r the C'atatmtGa:r ~~t°
C'c~mtnwr~c k?41car~ it, Itarl
leas~~l this ~rG~tadt~a icy tt
nrfat7l~~r ~~f rrrsiararartt
lk~Criktiar!; ~It t~erCGlll7ti
ca~~r~~~ cal ~LkI:C:~I~~~,
gill. attljtt~i'att tc~ ilt~: C~~tl
13;,t1a {l:trtrr L1,4° ? I {~ncl
kt~~~4° Rig°~cr~ici~ L~rio°~j,
the pt~in~i~al i}~3t~iat-
a si~tatlt r~rki~ ili C,~I~ki-
c~c;ttitrzfl 1~~~,k~at, Ca>°~~~ti`rra7~,
a~ktatrtirtral~il~ traf~i~: ltafl
su~p~c~rt~:d trau~lur
.'LL'{:L7f11fT1L~CIi3.t1iY1'l~ llt t17
ttr,~cart' n4i~l-k~-itrh~t~til
lit the end ~fVY~rlslV'~~r II,the airport's runway cs~nfi~ur
~~urrent layau#. T'I~is "~ituattrn plan" .~a.s drawn try Unite
shoetly;after it r-eturr•oe~d cc~niGr~e~•cal seG~wic•~ to Iowa ~it}s
r~~arked with crxssshat~hing and ~tesignated as'"tl.A.L, ]-la
r°epreseft#ed t#y t~Ge t~~ black ~~kuar+es t~ the youth. -The c~
in the runwray layout in ~I?D7 are the lengthening oFth~ ~ti
runwa}r frarrG ~4,01}~D feet to ~,35~ feet, arrd the closure vF t
r`unway~ in 2~1}t~,
tia3yra~~ly~ric ch~it~l~~:r its ~~ iaio ,r''rc,~.s-r=`r'd~~c~~t }~klia~i.in~.,.
iin~t~'Ckel I~ue~cl~:.r~ tltc. ikticri~ir r4°itly ~layli~lti, ~f'~~fliGtf
I~.~lin~ [~I`tt~~:nfr~.~~; lift t1~c {firlirtie ~;ta~4at~tsr~ ~~eritin
tw°itl~ift° C~!I.~}~u~it~ ~atis ~,rtn~ 4~`incl~~~.~'. +~Iti~l7 Idk~cd ~~~t
t.~~r+~°~°tr,~ Ri~°~r~i~t; l~ri~°c, at~~~ilts:r i~t~~~a•-tit-~~ilirt~ x~~ineil+~t~°
~ttahlc~a ~4'~iiittt~ paG~s~.rtg~rs arrffi th~° ~rul~ai~, ire ~~t~ka.t'h
platt~.s l~ancl aitt.l t.~ak~ c~fl'caat tli~: icl~~,.`-
Lilt;e ~~tlter ~,rot~in~! arir~orts cltarin~ this ~G~lraen tt~*e e~i'
cc~atgttt~.rt~iakl :~~°iatit~tt iti tltt: l ~~17~, iht: ls~~~°a C`ii}t tir~ra~ri's'
ntw° aa.la~tii~i~itkktie~rf bualslioal~ Gi~:c~r~ir~rtti~cl a rt;til~akr~aat a`~tr
I~~~tll the lli~°iri~~ ~ruhlic aft~l IG}c.ttl r~wicl~nt~. Era~ttl ~ca-~-i~
ltrr ::~~•craG J~c~€I~s I.~~s
a#iorr appr~xiniat:ed the ,~
siclcl~a~kr1°
~ Air Lines in October I'~4b
The geeing-built hae~gar is l is14 ~lttttrt~ij ih
rng~r."" ~haw''s buildirf.;gs arve r~;iatGraf.efi ixr tlt~
ttly ~i,~nificant ~ifferenc~es ti~liktal~:in t~°in~; ~~f atii~
c~rthea~t-sauthwest ~7.2~) et~;tr~ huilcfiat~*, Tlt
he north-south ~a`¢ 17-35~ ~:cGtiral I~thl~y attf.l ftit~rtlt
tti~iri~ ~.~~crr: rGSCta ~;~~,
l~nitrl Ai>; I°rnu~ Isar
its tii~:k~i, k~~~~*~*as;~, ,anti ~i~c~ ;tt'ti+,riti~~;. ~'a'h~.ati iitc, tt~:~~~
kelattiiti:~tr:~ti~n hrkilclin~ •~a°as liitisltu,i in I~J?~, l~nittel
ir~rncrl ire°k:.r tlf~ ~~l~lrr~ 1~3~f h~~r9fs;fr f4] thk` ~iiv, translcrrin~
c~~~~wtet;~kti~ irk rcttarn d`c~r the fast' eet#' 4~G1ct< in thy: rt~-a•
k~tail~in~ tc-r ilac no.xt ia~~:ailc. A ~at~,taicati~al ~ercfzttatty
rya' tht~ Gt~w• ~rlG>Itiatistr-~ti~~Gt la~uil4lir~t~, l~t`I~ in llGl~t; I ~~~~.
I~~~irfr~cl J ~~~-itt hr~4fkl5~+~i 1`s]r 13ileatw t•rtant +,atkaer C4tr~.~ns
and. s~ccFkk,~;1~}~ n+~taahai:~, iattiakatliit~ Ld.S, rc:~res~niryti~°ts
rati~kt,~a~ C, P~•1aMk-tiai, k~~:~rc~st?:f7i~ti~°cs G~I'ilte C`~A~ aGt~l tt
~ttiitnca .Air I_inc~ r~#~'ae;i.tl_"'
[]t~.~}~ita~ itt~rctsin~ ttra~rrkai;r t,~fl<Jnitt~ti a'ta'~scn~rs
?4?~ ~f,s6•tr L~a~M° ,tla+ra~t~r~P~~~'.•t+rjr~}p°r
f~~~in~ in .u~c~ +.}~l cif` f~a~~s~~ ~:ity'~ ~irp~rt tltrr~r~~l~ tlt~ ~~ic8-
1~3~{ta, ~~•'+~r ~~~~Icrti~r~~ hc.~~'i~:rpr~~~]I~r-~lrio•~rt.~t~~~ jct
~1an~~ in~.~°italal~r ~l'r~.ll~e~ t8ti~~ rTr~cl t~t`laq G-nit~~ Fli~ht~.
Thy; ~.utri.Ix:~rSy' cl~~ini~~l rte h~m~ cnjo}°'c~ ~, ~~~1~ ~,~r~°~jt
ir~~r~.,i~~ icy I~~~-~~~a C'i~y ~-~~~;er~s:cr tr~fl'~t. ~;it~~.~- 1 ~~~,, k~«~
ntar~etl~el~s~ ~§~r~~el~d s~:r+.°iee: in ! ~~~'_ ~+. r~~i~7nal ~Mrri~r,
{]z~rk Air L.ir~~c.~., tltic:n pit.k~.~i ~R~- t1~~ t~ir~~?r1 ors a r~gtrl:~r
stt~~ fear iii 1~C'-~~:rn~l o~?c.ralt;d iry I~~r~~t Wily u~in~ llt
a.ilil~ Lanilecl #$°~rvilikics until I'9~~'_ ;4iric~: 41~Kt1 tina~:, the
Ic}a~~rr ~C`ita uir•I~c~rt Itu.~ r~iil€:ren~~l ~~ "`s:rlr:r~l a~ri~rtic~n"
I~c~i•t, +~+~'iitltt~ui cu~~ir~;~rei~l ~~irlirt~: ~~r~~i~~. '4b'tr.ilc tf~i ~~~
r,t~;:irtl ir~rrrcir.skt~~ ri.4~~~~ rsl'~tcar:ltc~i, orttit~l -1°-~a~a~rMrw tc~
~l~+~li~r art~~IJ ~ri+~~~tc: }~I~r~rr~, uncl t~ I~~~~ 9~r~e r:'+~r~+orutc
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In 19's{!, I~n~+~e City ~r~hiteet Wenr~ Fisk d~signeai the roew~ ~clrnireist~ation b4liil~irlg far tf~e airport, ~eerw hers yin
X56. It was. ~~dieated in 195 and ~ervecl ec~rnm~r~cial ~~ssen~ers ~f bath l.l!nite~~4ia' I_rr~es ar~d Ozark ~i~r I~iit•re3.
fraYj°te ~C7{~' .~i:Prrrtrz-a jkrtd ,•I rr fxar~P .,
a~Gac# r~~~rir9t~..r~~r~c~. I~~ir~g;~rs, n~;t t~f ilt~. ~l~~s• C~uil~~r~~~;
t]y~.t }xzst t~l~~,~.1 16ic tl~kn.~* fiistury' ~I'tlti~ ar~s.~ri ~~re ~*~nc.
[~ry~. ~'arl}° hi~a~7r ~r~td L~}F Sh~x~• Airc;rat~ C'c~r~~~r~r~~~ x~~1
hle~~~•iti d~?;+'n ire ~ x~'ia~~lttc~rtr~ in 1~?~~. Tl~a utlicr t~a~~
r~:r~io~r~:.c~. filic li~~~i:iry~ ~yan~~r-. ls~~ilt in 1 ~3() der fir mail
~cr~~i~.c ~r~~l I~~clir~~, anal It~,tcr u~~~l by' ~L7raiscc) ~lir Lir~~s
f~~r c~s~~~e.rci~'~l ~~ss~:ri~~,r 5~r~~icw, i~ s~f~e+dul~il t~ I~~,
{~n~olishi~ri in ~[~~, Mill,. the air~rr re~tit~i~s~ ~r'~ ~cti~~e
I~l~r~c. ,tr7~.t ~c~nlin~re~ tca [ut~lc t~ tlti~ i'ut4s[~, (~~c~a~i~~~all~~9
;try ~nric{~e~ t~ircr~t't Fli~~ irat~~ lerati'n, ~:irclirt~ ~ F~~r' tirti~~cs
k~cl-err: larldin~..l~u~t ti.~ it cli~l ciric~~~~s u~,rli~r, u~ll
~~e~t~~:.l~, til! cii~~~-~~~ ~rr~~~'~l~ t~u tly~. ~ur~€]r tc~ 14~a~l~, Ie~•~rrf,
Yirtcl i~T~~~ir~a~ flp~r~~ ~~ it rl~~.~ trp ~,~_~,
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United Air Limes #'ea.tte~l tlti~ ~~ City airport as the'"'Station of the- Month" ire ¢ks ~li,u~ust 1455 err~-rplay~ee d
pu~lirt~itacn,vrri#ir~g''`Stuc~ents at the llni+~ersit~{ n~]~ Welp swell Ic~r~wa pity's population tca mare than ~7,~pQQ,
~h€ unive=rsity, ni~ted especialV'y ~~~` its ~:p+~rts teare°~s and medical s€hoal, generates much ~~ United's local
tausiness.A me~lta-rt~illi~t~ dollar rfru~ products plar'et na~r under car~structi~n ~y 1='r'rsctar & Gann6~le is expected tc~
iFurther strewthen the area's econcamy. llr~ited has a lo~~al staff [sF five employees ts~ handle t~wa ~nn~rair flights ~
~la~+.~~
Thy [~~~3 that landed at the Iev+Pa pity lwlur~ieipal.l~sirp~srt one steam} afternc~en n~4ca~us't
21~0~+ circled the ~~n se~reral times to annau~ce its. presence before la.ndin~~pp~aring t3rrice
as lar,~e and hall as fast as the custarnar~r general a+riataon aircraft lased at the airp~art, the
i4trse did indeed attract dozes cif I~vMa. Citians tt~ the airport to adnnre the plane from e
csbser+rati~an d+~ck a~tl pFCn~c table d1Ut31[~~ the Iol~b+~ dOC}r. I`~urrtier~us ~Vi2YtiQ11 ~rlthusias~ts
b+~ug~tit ti~k~ts ar~d Flew'*around the patch" in the ~o~e b~f~r~ i# l'~ft town ~d hours later.
?~~+ ~c~7ru (~Pfl' :~`P11i7'di'd~lfr~ 'I7!'~7{JfJ
The proximaty oft~ro important twentieth-century vansportau~in rr~ades~tht::Red will hiighwa}+.~~~d ~rnath Field or the
f"luni[ipa,lAirport-inewitablymeant s.orree commercial de~relopment eauld I~cate neargy in order to attraret the travellr?g
~rulalie_ In addition tee at least ane restaurant located vr~ ~e airport grounds, over tike yeaars, free lodging estal}lshn7,r~r~r
also have operated near the airport at the scsvdl}ern edge of cetwn. ~a~l~ in its own w~~r reFleveted a dii~erer~t era of ouernight
a~torinmgdativns.Two clearly sought to associate themselves with the airpcsrt rrrlxy ar~d the cachet of rntxdern travel,
The rBiieSt bu5roes5, ~ eabarti Court t:aUecl 5lcyway Cabins. operated from abaut I9~7 until 1967'. 5urrerundetl by ~ ~r~ve of
trees,a line of small cabins sac behind the owner's snu,~Ttaor Rewiv~l hame.The cabin c.ourtwas la~tated south €~~the ai.rptrrt
on the west side c~F the highway, near the end of true ~F ~e runways.A tourist postcard survives lrc~rn thus estal~lshnnent and
bears the {ikeness of a large airplane rising saver the calains.
l~ the la[e 195, ~ strip rna[el called the Airla,ne~ Martel wa.s constructed can the north sade ~' the airpore, als~a along the
high+t~ay (or Riverside C7rirre~. Mildred Baum ar+d her husband, C,erald, I:ruijt and operated the n'+~[e1 fron, 1956 or 1957' ttr
the early I9b~s, Mildred haa9 been a rdveter trn a Q~•3 assemlbl~+ ling in California and was fascinated ~+Y avia[is~n,Th4t~gh they
~vante~ [c~ put an a U-shaped rnott:l, the city would permit only a rectangular foot~rrint_V4'ith Fewer than a dt~xen unit# attached
in erne long linear l~uiicflir~g [hat sat per;per~dicular tQ the s[ree[, the,4irlane Motel +~ras narroe~d af[er the air routes asn a+viati~n
nnaps.~4, large neon sagn in front Hof the rr~ot~l advertised [h~ nart~~, and the naa~tel counted among i[s custorr,~rs many of the
pilots who Flew into the airptart. ~p the mid-1964s, the Coralville "sti"iip"` had he[ter ~ommer-cial prospects fir the ~aum.s.The
city landfall, Fc~r ant [ping., Inad been located across the street from the motel, and smoke drid~ed c,~er them too c~fi:en.This
gandfill occupied 15 acres purchased by the City in 1929 as a part twf [t7e alrpa7rt brand issue_ In[ial ideas pa-c~posed for its use.
n€~ne of which were executed, inclteded a city park and a municipal baseball Fleld,The Baums sold theAirlan and relocated to
~~or3lvill$ where th2~ laualt the ~a,pri, a mcztel that still exists. In the I F19(is. theAirlane -npas removed to make way for airprart
impr~~rennents_
Fin~.ll~ around I~8~0,a esvt~-story rnt}tel, [he,4l~xis Park I~rr,w~s t~nstructed ~nor-th of the airprr[. Perhaps unintentitwnally,
and despite dts'"o1d~e English" decoratir+e theme, the two-story profile of this las[ rrlo[el bears a striking reseratil~lanoe [o th:e
spape and seals of the rald F~-eing hangar 1o~atea~ nearb~r.
~SC]Lff~~l=5: 'fhe author interviewed Mildred mum ca;n C~ttt~ber 17. 19"5.
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fiiglt~w,rc~y Z1 ~ *~outh
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Aeecrrtiin;g to the 6:ac& r~i this tfl~e^ist pasta=ark, the ~laywa~r ~a~ins, iocated ~n "Hig;hwalr x7121 i$ ~aftpth,"' vverc i°itr€etly
modern" wit-h htrt shatisrers, kitchens, tad ~~tvrt~~tlc he~ix. . well as being,"irtsvl~ted, shaded. a~tl quiet: "Fhe ~ahins"
I~acation a-f[ the cool aif ~nviray nvrnber ~0., here signifies by ate ase~ndi~a,~ comrraer~i~1 waft, hardly rvo;l~s the ~romis~e of a
q;uaiet night's slcep,T~he imagery does. hanvever, a:s+~~ciax~ th:e c~ahins +Mwith a °"~tristi}+ madern" mntle t«d transpayrtatian.
drr~x~r ['f~ti" :~1,Irairtc°ii{ret~ ,•1ar~,r,r~r ~if1
Ena~not~s
w r1,rt~p,ur (_r:r;}r~~c 4~a~.n.~trastn. 11 rl~firrr• flr•rr1~e~ Fi'~'r•r~Jr~' •=I d#iris-arr~~€a,f'u C'Jer'artrar,la3~~^ (-rxrrrrrrc°rrrrar°ar~arr~ r~rc~f~arrecfr~~~l~~rplrrraixrc~r~•err~,-aa~`
-lar~ }7i.r•~!a fr/'(7r~"r~dt IP°;'•d~;~rf{''~t~~3, ]?; Martin F3~alt~r~a}'P~lle~rcnr~, ffrli•ad ~rka.~.+ trr rJr~~.•1'dr; ft'ti'~d5•!~',r#~, u°c>'l. 1 {Sitatk~ ~'1~:11~rka~lrc~rttc
r "li;klc9aa•irY ~a~ I~a::c] 1.7~~^i1,", :S•~. l:~rrris a~}ra.ti#-r.~~rardc:~~, ~~Isi~tttils~r ;~(}. ke7= +, +frli'~r C'rt~' [~arr~1' -"rc;'.~°, Slcte~her 1, 1911:1-
` fcr~r'ar C °r~i• ~~frdlr Pr~t~.rs'; ~Jct~uber ~ ~talil ~)c.lcab~r ~, 1 x}10.
'' f~r?r'~r C'i~r~ ~)€rafy• 1'r~e',~^~~, [D~14al~r 11, 1~) l~l,
1~rtir'cr ('fdf' r'~ax~'k' tr'r1~.~°:a°, {~~Inikr 1?, 1x71 ~}.
"!4a'~W°cr t,.'P~1' f?arifia• ~'r'c:~'.~°, +"Jrac+kx:r I:~'., ktn~l C}~:t~b~'r 1~, l'~1~.
' ,"ann 11e~r1[g;ra~ar Pellas~~rertir. daxFr~ar Ta:r~kc•.ar rcx rdr€r rtir; ddta+~-d~ld°, 'sal. I f,~iraaa~ C'it}"_ x~~rc~Jeraaaae Ra~~s 19ki[i9, ~?'~-34.
' 1~"l lisut 1. 1, cram, cd., d'rdfrrx "f.?dxa•ctd€aaa;s: 7rdai.• Tr-Carrsf.•rrrrrrrt~°aai[crd.-lrr~a°.ras^ urrrl frt #lrxrf~a}- i [s.~'s's'J ~ti~f: L"rei~'r:it~' ~i' It~~'~'~ 1'r~s~, I C:}E~I~, ~,.
"fexaa~er (°i,rt' dkrif3- f°aa!..s, Jul}~'~ and ."1u~,u~t ?, 1 ~}9'}.
"' d~eao^dr {'rt~-l~urdY' d'"rY"_sx, a'i4P~last ?3, ~klaalalr ? 1, rrnrJ I~~ta;rnhcr 1.3, I~ I ~.
~~ dfrsakr ~"+ry` f}rrir?y^ l~r~'as, 47~taaha~r ? I, 1'€)14
"-' 1,~ar}t ~'Pdard. ',~-}rrt~t`rie~rr.+r, ~.
"" ,frxrs^€r C'#tt'a"}rrr'dY' d'r~es°s, ri!~c~mlxr t?, 194.
'" fesa,°ar C'x~^t• ~rrF~h' F're~-v.• ~'~ar~uar;~° ~. 1+~~€1: t.c4ane. ~r,rrara• `l~rarra~a~a,~r,. l3.
fcaravr C~r~ti f}rrf~9^ ~a~°.~s, .fax7u~r~' ~ ~r-cl ~arrrkar±,• ir. 14'~f~:
r" arc+ra•ar f'r~-,f]cri~s' d'rte".r`:s. E~~tvarv' `~, ~lr}' 1 +. ~•1;~}` 1 ~, ~rn~l JktG+}' Il}, l cif).
r' fcaaa^u C'frt° F~aaila• f'rta".s.s. i~Rfiil ~{}, I ~'?CY,
`°fcrararC'rr:}'a!7caa,fa-ar'r~e°.s.s,July' IT, I~~4l,anrllFi.lar~r~sry 1~3, 191.
„` L:arw,=. d"'idrrr~s•';'7ia•ec^rraxaa_s. I~°-? I .
[hicf."
'` ffra+•rr 4 `rf~Y' J'aerafr° Fxs:.s.a~, Faltrarary^ ~;anal. ~1u}° I ~, ] e~:? ] ;~ I_s'ar}'. !'r`frat~~'l~en~c7rr.Frrs, ] 9-~ 1.
~: ,ffain'rr E"~a~' ,~'r €rs~c- ~,"rli~rrra" rti lrril I ?. 1 {] fi I -
'-, Jrrwcr r''t,~•,~r•~afs's°•C•rfa~c'aa° r'slrril ?Nk,'a•1~~' 7. Jn1}° ~, u~cl.~u~,v~t ,TiO, 14k1.
'' 1r,wrat"arr' d~r+apti'•C`it~~c•aa. ~a:~k4raal!rr:r?. S~cPr~-mhtr (i, ~a:pl~mlacr 5r, aaacl 4rae^4rrihLr I +. 1 ~~?-
~' 1rr4rra ~"aa°G• j'rh•.rc'•C"rPd.c'or. a,5r~uart• °_'~. 1 tiro ~,
.~ fexarer ~'F~k• 7*ra,~s°-L't~a..e"ra. ~rkrn~~tr~ I *. ht~~• [. ~la~' I~. ~L~a1C ~w. aacl !u1}' ?. 19~.~,
'? Jaxai•ta C'art• rn'r~e•.ks-C'rri=erra, JraCauSt t~, ]'~?~_
-'p' Tim I$r~ww,i5r. "lJ.~- r'sirlintw h~fa~ra: I`J3•t~'" in Tdae,.Irrae'r-dc•rrrr el's~dfarrfxrr £:..rrarxe°x-rr•rrcr'.:.~ fd'rsrrrr7', a`s9- Tosrr l3rrtaEl° iC'~YrNs~sedal~' ~;sautla~rt~ IlliaiE~iS
l:aiia~er~ily Rrs::s" ~1;}GM1J, I Ufa, I~?.
"` ,trrrt•tr' ~[°,irr ,f'agt•.~,s-~'rTi.;€~xr, r~Rril I and r~pril 1 r}. I~'~7.
" r€rsL1(r {"rrt' ~~'~r',°.y.:1~-~~r~r~e`xr, a'~RrAI Ira ~Y IIL.I .JU194 ~.~. 14}~a.
'-' lcrskrr C°aro~ #''ax+,Y.(`t~d~~~ra, Jarly ~. I~?7,
,s ~araa°fr ~''t-, ~rr.s,~-~'rddrearr, July lei,. July ~~, rknal a~u~1t1 ~. 1 ±~y?,
a.a 1fraar•ar ['r`rt• d'aa~~s-~-fine"rr, *sa°,~7tc~illr ~?[i. ]'}~',
"'°>~'rrrr C'erat~rraiitr:ti E>`~park~ ~~'~°~nrrc l'rarrr~ rlir Fir`Irl."• [,fc,urca ~°ir'.ti• f'rx•.~s.ti-C'rtr~~rr], es. ati~~ril a ~?4, Carl s4r~nr;. wliplaiaa~s a~r~Pfasa€af~"'1e~ ng Li. '44'rpEx:r
a:c?llcctiarn, ta[c E1i~tswr'ia~al SrF41a*t~` s,l~ luli°a. laa!aa'~ a`'1t}".
"' f°tuarnhcr ca1'4 rarnrrte•rce IcLtLr ht~ FRr~ltirl ~1_ P~rEcooa~ rsa uuSEilis:+.t tr~ci fFiCYrt, tl~ril 1?, t'~?"a~, Caanc clilafrirY~~ u`r,1~biYr_aD€; "I'rrs r°'ai~ Ftr~ld
'.Ll~a:~tareo ~ i`tras•u ~'ed~',~ra•t.~-f'ari_cn, !41av ~, 1~7'?~.
'' "*it,rn Garr^wr Ca}r a'a,Rprarti,al 6+1 fi{ane Phan,"' (lrrsa•rr C'rr;}' F'r~~s-C`tri_~°n~, ~.. rllrril 1{l?4, ~'rwnr: 4lilrnin~,s w~rrln$~xalc; Daan;et )t- 11:at;~ l3rrrJuar~k,
{arre'o°ec'ea'c,,1dr}'arrr•rc: ,•lairl~r'daffis'r•a'drr{rnar^atfi, f1a+'~'-1'i~~7 {{'erlt~~~ Sirtiua~_'1'cxsa~+~~i!~~°1 L1ni~•kriiiy lar+~ss.. ?i1~1 F. ~di.
:"'riir Ficls3, if~.~~',r14i1 ba'C'ii~af.'b"a"+iuld'~swn Eia,-a,-~rmc r'~'c;rrly~wrlF-~:r,t~atatltirYg,'" rfr}ra'arC'r{t'{'rt.s~s~C~if~~[~rr, ~+17y IM, lS}'~'~; "l~irFirrl~d arrr
(lfaurrity lava,+r~ C'ity' t'~ararasat r'kil'EaarrJ t~ Rasa L;~la SkY}'~ li+xnic~r,°' [dtaaa'ar C'F~t° 1'rat'~ori-C-r~rxrr~, si.- ~ll~y I!7?~, C'ian~ clirylainga aca;r~r~ao~.
'" feaaa'ar ['rrr f'rc'a•.ar-dL"arr=a7r. I]ce`e!Frry~r"t' ?4, 14?4,
+` -`Eeaati €an riir Foclal," [IrMaa•ar ~C'i~s• d'rx•.a~.t-!~~rrr~err], ~. 14'11x^ 1~?9„ C`sara~, Ali fafain~~ ~tr,~Ilh•arails.
ar,~al~a• 3.#rdfa~ ~Flaxai•~a~ If;r•rrrrxhir°, "s~T:a+r` ?, 19~~R; ("e•efira-dRarfaiels flfazwtr~afiar_f•rrt, srcciel cc3i[i4an, ~}c~eal~r"'C~, 19~~; drrra~ar~'iry^ d~r~es.~-C'irizerr, ~9:a~' ,
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1'~1~~hanis:s ~ertri~e a Unt~~lAir i_in~es p~~ss~nger ppane, as the ap~rarent priisst Issol€s on,in this 193d~ pk~saksargrap~h
t~~n ia~$6sJe the I~'w# ~i~ ~i~p~rtTM~ I~rge ri!e'~rv h.~r1g'dr,Ttle dir`t4~.~tt# i~ ~ Bi#eing f'''Iodel Z47, cs~n~idered tar arp~ny t
Ise the fir~s~t mssdern airliner. ~a~~fale of s:arrying I ~ p~ssen~ers end reaching ~ rnaratr~'o~rn speed ~'f ~~0 r~pYti, the
plane had twn+n radial engines, r,~traetabie gear, end a wingspan sat' 7'4 f~ee~t~
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Inu 1 ~5~, ~+hnn Unitecll,Air Lines f~a#ur~~ #h~ Jcrrwa pity Municipal AirpcrrC in i#s ertrpl~yee
rr•r~~aaine, tie [crrttpan}~ ~lacmed tl~~# l~ni+r~rsity ~f le~wa s~o~ts teams e~r~r~ `"tr+~CNUI+~M1# h'Eainlin~er
charter custortia~rs." ~~r~ UI basketball c~r~i~k~ "13u~ky"' t~~~c~nn~ir ~I~ft~, along with a~ssis#ant
~lkhlt:ti~c L7ire€tor 1R.1=.`''~illart~s center}, "`conclude a t~arrsacti~sra with ~, I7'. ~cl~tilil'IiamsM UaA,L
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r~ry°garkably int:a~t i~ ~~L17. Th4~gh tl~e it~teroer recently r~r~eiveci a mayor renovation, the Airport ~i»Prl'r~i~SiOn
and prvje~t ar~hiteCk~ I~rgelY ~+reserved the historic spatial arran~errre~t +~f rr~~~rn~ ~~t~ hail+w~ys, ~ +~+ell as the
~~~i[ik ~t~ir+~~$e ~~ tie seeo:r~d Boor located just behind the ~1~s~-bl~[k wndcsw seem here.
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st~nd~rng after the Boeir~gfUlnitedAir L~r~es hangar [b~ott€~m rghtJ~ is dern~d:fished.The I.~sC of the ~hal~irtraft
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bualdi[ng ~t~,p cif the circle drive} h,as Keen rem~rc~gled tai pro+ri~le y~~e~srs of additio~,al service. Nearb+{ (to the right.
~f the circle drive, the shod bt~ildir~g where mech~t~li~$ performs aircraft rnair~tenan~e rer~nalns as vrefl. Other
~Fxanges tcs the airpart a.nd %ts neightst~rhood sin€e thi~'~ie~v avers ta€€en it~~lude the cs~nstru~ti~n of general
aviation hangars in the ~eeratral grasser area ~,rhere the fives r~ow~ arf airplanes are ~-~ark~d ~(c. 1961]s~, evre~ rr~c~re
general aviation f7angars t~ the left ~f the long drive ~ I FBP~s-9{fs~, artd faripe corp~arate hangars trs the i:e~t of the
~ir~le drive. ~rers$de C~ri~ee~alo•ng the ka~attc+ni of ~~~ photc-graph,h~as k3eea~ e~span.ded fr+am kw[s lanes t+~ four.
While the parti:~ular evea~t that drew the planes seen.. 'faer~e #c~ lows ~Cj[}+ is r~~nknc~wnp otrer the decades, rrrar~y
irr~prxrtant football gannes have brought fle~elcs ~f aviat€~rs tc~ tC~wr~ in a tra~ditprl that dates I}aek to the earfiest
yeah ~f the airprsrt.
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