HomeMy WebLinkAbout1999-07-27 Info PacketCITY COUNCIL INFORMATION PACKET
July 16, 1999
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Meeting Schedule
Memorandum from
Memorandum from
Memorandum from
Memorandum from
MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS
and Tentative Work Session Agendas
City Manager: Miscellaneous Update
City Manager: Stormwater Management - Initiation of Policy Planning
City Manager: May Parking Usage
City Manager: Longfellow-Twain Pedestrian Tunnel Update
Intermodal Transportation
Memorandum from City Manager: Near Southside Multi-Use
Facility
Memorandum from City Manager:
Memorandum from City Attorney:
Memorandum from City Clerk: City Code on Internet
Memorandum from Public Works and
and Peninsula Site Security
Memorandum from Finance Director:
limpact Fee Reserve Fund
Grant Renewals - Police
Amendments to State Condemnation Law
Engineering Director to City Manager: Water Plant Site
Fiscal Year 1999 Annual Report for CB-5 Parking
Letter from Finance Director to Lavoy Haage (Iowa DNR): Iowa City Sanitary Landfill
ICPD Use of Force Report- June 1999
Release: Iowa Avenue Multi-Use Parking Facility - Phase 1
Release: Foster Road Reconstruction and Watermain Project
"The Sky is Not Falling: Why State and Local Revenues Were Not Significantly Impacted
by the Internet in 1998" [Vanderhoef]
"The Politics of Power"
Electric Restructuring: The Effect on Iowa Consumers
IC Chamber of Commerce Government Update - July 9
Memorandum from Administrative Assistant: Deer Management Plan Timeline
Minutes: May 26, June 16, and June 23 - Iowa City/Coralville Deer Management Committee
Agenda: July 14 and 19 -JC Board of Supervisors
Memorandum from First Assistant City Attorney: Partial Litigation Update
]July 26
6:30p
July 27
7:00p
IAugust 23
5:00p
I August 24
7:00p
I September 6
I September 13
6:30p
September 14
7:O0p
September 27
6:30p
i September 28
7:00p
City Council Meeting Schedule and ~.,v ~6. tee
Tentative Work Session Agendas
COUNCIL WORK SESSION
FORMAL COUNCIL MEETING
Monday
Council Chambers
SPECIAL COUNCIL WORK SESSION {Start-Time Tentative)
5:00p Joint Meeting - Board of Library Trustees
6:00p Regular Work Session Agenda TBA
Tuesday
Council Chambers
FORMAL COUNCIL MEETING
Monday
Council Chambers
LABOR DAY HOLDAY - CITY OFFICES CLOSED
Tuesday
Council Chambers
COUNCIL WORK SESSION
Monday
FORMAL COUNCIL MEETING
Monday
Council Chambers
COUNCIL WORK SESSION
Tuesday
Council Chambers
FORMAL COUNCIL MEETING
Monday
Council Chambers
Hickory Hill West
Animal Microchipping
Circuses and Rodeos
1999/2000 Deer Management Plan
Liquor Licenses
Off-Street Parking Amendment
Tuesday
Council Chambers
Meeting dates/times subject to change
FUTURE WORK SESSION ITEMS
Council Goals
Newspaper Vending Machines
Transit Interchange
Commercial Use of Sidewalks
Communication Towers
Public Art Funding of Water Plant Art
City of Iowa City
MEMORANDUM
Date: July 14, 1999
To: City Council
From: City Manager
Re: Miscellaneous Update
Shop with a Cop. The Police Association is beginning the fundraising for the 5th Annual
Shop with a Cop program. The Association's office is located at 702 S. Gilbert Street, #102.
If you have any questions about the program please contact Sgt. Mike Brotherton.
County Building Inspection. We have met with County representatives. Their schedule is
to have a proposal to the Board of Supervisors in August/September with the adoption,
hopefully, in January.
Downtown (CB-IO zone). Since January 1991 (nine years) we have issued building
permits with a value of $16,461,000.
indexbc\memos\3-2SA,doc
City of Iowa City
MEMORANDUM
Date: July 16, 1999
To: City Council
From: City Manager
Re: Stormwater Management - Initiation of Policy Planning
The Federal Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) will soon initiate new rules and
regulations regarding urban stormwater runoff. After the regulations have been released,
they will become effective in three years and three months or around January 2003. These
new stormwater regulations will likely be administered by the Iowa DNR.
The federal government currently regulates water quality through the Safe Drinking Water
Act and wastewater quality (effluent) through Clean Water Act. Other state laws exist
which supplement these federal laws, all of which have an impact our efforts to fulfill the
water and wastewater quality requirements. Other federal and state environmental laws
such as landfill regulations can affect our community' s development and the extent and
nature of municipal services designed to fulfill these requirements. The state and federal
agenda also has a direct impact on the local government services we provide to our
citizens.
Urban stormwater, which is often viewed as a '~sleansing process", can and does add
pollutants to receiving waters such as the Iowa River. Rain, in the form of stormwater
runoff, will find its way into our creeks, streams and eventually our rivers. All along the
way it accumulates pollutants.
A variety of human made or altered surfaces covers much of our urban and suburban
environments. These include factories, offices, homes, highways, parking lots, lawns and
gardens. During the course of our daily activities, these surfaces are often coated with
unpleasant and hazardous materials such as oil, gasoline, grease, dust, pesticides and
trash. Rainfall and snowmelt as they flow across these surfaces will cleanse them of this
coating, but as these pollutants leave that surface, they can contaminate receiving waters.
The seriousness of urban stormwater pollution would seem to be exceeded only by its
intractability. Rain and snow cover large areas and the resulting runoff flows
indiscriminately over vast expanses with what appears to be little apparent hope for
conventional control without some drastic measure and enormous expense. Stormwater
quality issues will most certainly drive new technologies and management practices as
they relate to community development.
There are two types of water pollution. The better known is point source pollution. This
being any discernable, confined and discreet conveyance that would transport pollutants to
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a body of water. The sewage treatment plant discharging waste through a pipe to a river
or facility pouring toxic chemicals into a ditch that could lead to the ocean are examples of
such point sources.
The other type is non-point source pollution, also referred to as runoff pollution. Such non-
point source pollution does not originate from a pipe or culvert. Non-point source occurs
when rain and snow melt flow across the land and gather contaminants from the land, and
transport those contaminants to nearby waterways. We have all seen that oily sheen on
rainwater in roadside gutters. Non-point source pollution can come from urban and
suburban communities, farms and agricultural sites, and forests. No land use is immune.
Urban stormwater pollution is somewhat of a hybrid of both types. Urban stormwater
starts as non-point source and gather most of its contaminants as it carries rain and snow
melt freely across rooftops, roads, parking lots, and construction sites, lawns and other
surfaces. Once in the storm sewer system, the stormwater runoff may also pick up
additional contamination when oil and other substances have been dumped into the
stormwater system or when sanitary or industrial waste are discharged through illicit
connections to the storm water system. As it leaves our storm sewer system, it becomes
point source pollution.
The federal government has established as a national goal the reduction in these pollutants,
ultimately improving the quality of stormwater as it finds its way into our lakes and rivers.
Laws mandating stormwater management are new and therefore many local governments
have not yet developed comprehensive programs. Such comprehensive plans will soon be
mandated. Our City has enjoyed the benefit of addressing some of these issues over the
years as part of our development regulations and other City services. We now need to
compile that work effort into a comprehensive plan. It is important to note that most
current efforts are directed at stormwater quantity, not stormwater oualitv.
There are many issues to be addressed and this memorandum is intended to introduce the
subject of stormwater management, create an opportunity for discussions concerning a
comprehensive policy, encourage public education, develop a plan, and thereby change the
way the public as well as the City organization thinks and acts on issues associated with
stormwater management.
I would hope that we can develop an agenda of issues in order to provide discussion points
so that we may all understand better what our new stormwater management obligations
will be. As I had mentioned, one of the most critical components of this policy
development will be public education. The public can easily identify with the consumption
of water, we are all aware of the discussions about the cost of the water plant, how bad
the water tastes, etc. The importance of wastewater treatment, while a little less
understood, is certainly something the public is aware of with every flush. An
understanding of rain, snow melt, stormwater, and the runoff created will be an
educational challenge.
Our neighboring communities and governments will also play a role in stormwater
management, particularly as we use watersheds as a measure or instrument of our land
use development plans. Development regulations or lack thereof can also influence our
plans to address the elimination of pollutants.
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The attached represents an agenda of issues, questions and concerns. We will plan future
work sessions to work through these matters. We will likely have a comprehensive and
complicated City policy in order to fulfill State and Federal stormwater regulations as well
as our own community' s expectations.
mgr\mmos\strmwtr2 .doc
Stormwater Questions/Concerns
What do we do now to address stormwater quality through City services?
Stormwater sewer construction
Street sweeping
Leaf vacuum
Creek, drainageway maintenance
Wetland parks - one existing
- one planned
Grading ordinance
Erosion control ordinance
Sensitive areas ordinance
Stormwater management ordinance
Development regulations
Street design
Recycle site - oil drop off
New recycling center
Hazardous (toxic) clean-up and more...
How can we measure our stormwater policy and management efforts?
Finance - How can we create sufficient revenue to address this issue?
What other policies/programs may have a bearing?
Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
Fringe area
County development regulations, or lack of
Other cities
Annexation
Review of City land use development plans.
Public Education
Who to talk to:
Neighborhood associations
Community organizations
Realtors
Homebuilders
Chamber
What is stormwater?. Your role?
property?
How much will it cost? How will it affect my
Strategy
Start early.
mgr%strmwate.doc
City of Iowa City
MEMORANDUM
07-16-99
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Date: July 15, 1999
To: City Council
From: City Manager
Re: May Parking Usage
We plan on a monthly analysis of our parking system to provide a periodic, comparative update.
Following is the parking usage comparison for May 1999 versus May 1998.
System-wide, hourly parking was down 18%, $150,712 for 1999 compared to $182,876 for
1998.
The street meters were down 11%, $42,063 for 1999 compared to $47,169 for 1998. The
differences were in the Central Business District and south of Burlington Street areas. The loss
in the Central Business District was due to the downtown streetscape project. We do not have
any explanation for the reduction in south side usage.
The metered parking lots were down 18%, $4,357 for 1999 compared to $5,297 for 1998. The
major difference was in the Burlington Street lot, which was down 46%. This was due to the
Mondo's fire adjacent to this lot, and the presence of a parking lot across the street, which is
being rented to the public. The hood sales, however, increased for the Burlington Street lot.
Chauncey Swan ramp was down 3%, $4,846 for 1999 compared to $5,011 for 1998.
Dubuque Street Ramp was down 17%, $32,054 for 1999 compared to $38,700 for 1998.
Monday through Friday parking impact is minimal. The major difference appears to be in
Saturday and Sunday usage, which shows a difference of 60 fewer cars in midday and 25 fewer
cars in the evening.
Capitol Street Ramp was down 28%, $53,392 for 1999 compared to $74,049 for 1998. The Park
& Shop program was down 43%, $7,478 for 1999 compared to $13,125 for 1998. Monday
through Friday usage shows a gain of 20 vehicles in the morning, little difference in midday, and
50 fewer vehicles in the evening. Saturday and Sunday averages show a gain of 110 vehicles
during the morning hours, midday shows a reduction of 200 vehicles, and evenings show 40
fewer vehicles.
jw/menVsa-parking.doc
City of Iowa City
MEMORANDUM
Date: July 9, 1999
To: City Council
From: City Manager
Re: Longfellow - Twain Pedestrian Tunnel - Update
We are in the planning stages of a pedestrian tunnel under the Iowa Interstate Railroad tracks
between Summit Street and First Avenue. The tunnel is intended to provide a safe place for
pedestrians and bicyclists to cross the railroad tracks traveling between the Longfellow and
Mark Twain School neighborhoods. Neighborhood residents and railroad employees have
consistently reported people of all ages crossing over the tracks between the neighborhoods,
which is both unsafe and illegal. Constructing a pedestrian tunnel under the Iowa Interstate
Railroad tracks will have significant pedestrian and bicycle transportation benefits.
Staff has narrowed possible tunnel locations to two, shown as Option 1 and Option 2 on the
attached figure. Option 1 would connect to the Longfellow Manor trail on the north side of the
tracks, and to Kirkwood and Lower Muscatine Avenue on the south side of the tracks. Option 2
would connect to H Street on the north side of the tracks, and Midamerican Energy property and
Lower Muscatine Avenue on the south side of the tracks.
Both options have been evaluated regarding drainage issues, topography, constructability,
surveillance, accessibility, and aesthetics. We are in the process of meeting with neighborhood
representatives, and soliciting comments from area residents. This project is planned to be
constructed in 2000, and has received $196,000 in Transportation Enhancement funds through
the Johnson County Council of Governments with a total project cost is estimated at $245,000.
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City of Iowa City
MEMORANDUM
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Date:
To:
From:
Re:
July 12, 1999
City Council
City Manager
Near Southside multi-use intermodal transportation facility
Our project, which is attached to the Federal FY2000 transportation bill, just passed the
House of Representatives and is scheduled to be considered by the full Senate the week of
July 19. When the Senate passes their version, the bill will go to a conference committee
to reconcile the differences between the House and Senate versions. Since our project is
included in both bills, the likelihood of funding is significantly improved.
The FY2000 funding is for Phase I of our project. Phase I will provide $3 million for design,
engineering, and property acquisition. The funding of Phase I makes it likely that the
Federal Transit Administration will also fund Phases II and III in subsequent years. We
could have the Near Southside multi-use intermodal transportation facility under
construction by 2002 or 2003, with completion in 2004 or 2005. This is approximately
five years sooner than we intended to undertake this project with 100% local funding. This
project could have an excellent potential to jump start projects of significant scale in the
Near Southside redevelopment area.
tp 1 - 1 cm ,doc
City of Iowa City
MEMORANDUM
Date: July 9, 1999
To.' City Council
From: City Manager
Re: Grant Renewals - Police
The Iowa City Police Department has been awarded $48,374 for the Governor's Alliance
on Substance Abuse (GASA) for the FY99 Edward Byrne Memorial State and Local Law
Enforcement Assistance Grant Program. GASA received 77 applications requesting more
than 96.7 million. Of the applications received, 68 projects totaling 95.5 million were
selected for funding. Last year's award totaled 966,046.
We also received funding from the FY99 STOP - Violence Against Women Grant Program
in the amount of 931,822. The Governor's Alliance received 54 applications, requesting
92,141,264 in funding. Forty-three projects were selected for funding with 225%
allocated to law enforcement, 25% to prosecution, 25% to victim services, and 25% to
discretionary.
tp5-1sa.doc
City of Iowa City
MEMORANDUM
Date: July 13, 1999
To: City Council
From: Eleanor M, Dilkes, City Attorney
Re: Amendments to State Condemnation Law
Attached you will find the League of Cities recent summary of House File 476, the
amendments to the State condemnation Law. Essentially, the changes fall into two
categories, the first being changes in procedure that apply to all condemnations and the
second being substantive changes essentially restricting condemnation of agricultural land.
With respect to the procedural changes, a significant change is the requirement that each
potential property owner from whom the City may acquire property for a project must
receive a notice of intent to proceed with the public improvement and an opportunity to
provide input prior to the Council's decision to proceed with the project. This provision
alone will require significant changes in the process we currently use. My office will have
to be involved in the very early stages of design to make sure that the appropriate
notification is sent to any potential condemnees.
One provision not mentioned in the League literature is the change making the
condemnation commission's award inadmissible evidence when the award is appealed to
District Court.
The Iowa Association of Municipal Attorneys has established an ad hoc committee to
address the changes in the condemnation law. As Chair of the Government Practice
Section of the Bar Association, I have been asked to attend and will attend the
committee's meeting this Friday, July 16th in Des Moines.
Please call me if you have any questions about these recent amendments.
Attachment
cc: Steve Atkins
Dale Helling
Marian Karr
Chuck Schmadeke
Rick Fosse
eleanor\mernos\condmlw .doc
Appendix
HF 476 Condemnation
Changes in procedure applying to all condemnations
· Requires city to provide written notification by
ordinary mail to each owner of private property that
may be acquired by the city for public
improvements. The notice must be sent at least 30
days prior to adoption of an ordinance or declaration
of intent to proceed with a public improvement.
· Adds a statement of rights that must be included in
the written notice as outlined in the legislation. The
statement of rights will be developed by the Attorney
General's office and the statement will include a
provision for public input in condemnation
proceedings.
· If the city is unsuccessful in locating an owner by
mail, notice of proposed action must be published in
an area newspaper.
· If city proceeds with condemnation, notice must be
served by certified mail to owners and mortgagees. If
notification is unsuccessful again, notice must be
published in an area newspaper. In addition, an affi-
davit is required with application for condemnation if
owner is not located in the notification process.
· Cities must provide a statement with application
indicating efforts were made at negotiating in "good
faith" with the owner.
· The costs of providing relocation assistance increas-
es from $500 up to $5,000. The city may relocate the
owner up to 50 miles from the current property. The
city must inform the owner of his or her right to relo-
cation assistance.
· The appraisal sent by the city to the owner will
serve as the appraisal that the city will use to reach
agreement on compensation. All other appraisals
shall be made available to the owner.
· Cities may only acquire the minimum amount of
land necessary for a project.
Changes applying only to condemnation of agricultural land
· Cities are prohibited from condemning agricultural
land for private development purposes unless the
owner is a willing seller.
· Private development purposes include: recreational
trails, recreational development primarily paid for
with private funds, housing and residential develop-
ment, commercial and industrial development except
as allowed under Chapter 260E of the Code of Iowa.
The limitation does not apply to road construction,
utility placement, railways or airports.
· The limitation also does not apply to agricultural
land located in an urban renewal district under a
slum and blight definition.
· Changes the definition of agricultural land for the
purposes of condemnation to include land that is
owned by a person in tracts of 10 or more acres that
has been used for the production of agricultural com-
modifies for three of the last five years.
· Allows condemnation of agricultural !and for
industrial o~i commercial purposes as defined under
Chapter 260E of the Code oflowa, with approval
restrictions. To qualify under the definition, the com-
pany must engage in interstate or intrastate com-
merce. Excluded from the definition are retail, health
or professional services.
· Requires approval by compensation commissions
to proceed with a 260E industrial condemnation.
Currently, these commissions determine the price
paid for property by the city in a condemnation pro-
ceeding. Compensation commissions are selected
from a list of 28 individuals appointed by the county
board of supervisors. From this list, the circuit judge
selects six, by lot, to serve on the commission.
Because these condemnations involve agricultural
land, two of the six members must own agricultural
property. Each party may challenge one commission-
er without cause, no less than 72 hours prior to the
meeting.
· The decision of the compensation commission may
be appealed within 30 days. The notice of appeal
must be served in the same manner as the original
notice of condemnation.
· A business that qualifies under the Department of
Economic Development's New Jobs and Income
program will be exempted from commission
approval requirements.
· If there is a difference in price between what the
city paid to acquire condemned property and the
amount received by the city in selling the property,
the difference will be given to the property owner
whose land was originally condemned.
City of Iowa City
MEMORANDUM
07-16-99'
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DATE:
TO:
FROM:
RE:
July 16, 1999
Mayor and City Council
Madan K. Karr, City Clerk
City Code on Intemet
The City Code is now available on the Web utilizing the following address:
www. SterlingCodifiers. com
Selecting City Codes
Iowa City
This feature will allow access to the community after normal working hours and we
believe will be very helpful.
City of Iowa City
MEMORANDUM
Date: July 9, 1999
To: Steve Arkins
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IPIO
From: Chuck Schmadeke
Re: Water Plant Site and Peninsula Site Security
Public Works staff has been working at the water plant site and the peninsula
site for the past several months inspecting various water facility construction
projects.
Over the months, there have been occasions during the day when materials have
been removed from the peninsula and water plant properties without either the
City's or contractor's permission. Individuals show up on site posing as
contractors or subcontractors and have removed construction materials and
downed timber under the guise that they work for the prime contractor or that
they were authorized by City Council or administrative staff to remove material
from the site. Public Works staff has also received inquiries requesting purchase
and removal of live timber.
Due to these developments, I have instructed Public Works staff to not permit
unauthorized trucks, vans, sport utility vehicles and station wagons access to
these sites.
City of Iowa City
MEMORANDUM
Date: July 15, 1999
To: City Council and City Manager
From: Don Yucuis, Finance Director ~
Re: Fiscal Year 1999 Annual Report for CB-5 Parking Impact Fee Reserve Fund
As required by City Ordinance, staff is required to provide the City Council with an annual
accounting for the activity pertaining to the Central Business-5 Parking Impact Fee. Below is a
summary of the activity in the Parking Impact Fund from Fiscal Year 1994 through the Fiscal
Year ending June 30, 1999.
FY 1994 FY 1995 FY 1996 FY 1997 FY 1998
Actual Actual Actual Actual Actual
Beginning Cash 153,500.00 148,920.13 177,243.64 162,666.46
fY 1999
Actual
136,670.31
Receipts
07-16-99
Expenses
Ending Cash
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Totals
Kidwell-517 S. Linn (3 of 3)
LARJ Properties
Clark-Burlington St.
Gateway Partners
Hodge Construction 600 Capitol
633 Partners-509 S. Linn-Jim Clark
Total Receipts
22,824.38
22,823.51
45,648.74
1,506.52
92,803.15
Expenses:
March 4, 1999 Telephone Charges 0.07
May 21, 1999 Iowa Realty Trust 1,000.00
Total Expenses 1,000.07
Attached is a detailed report of the receipts and expenses from inception and the date when
funds need to be encumbered for a new parking facility on the near south side.
Receipts:
November 13, 1998
March 4, 1999
April 6, 1999
May 24, 1999
The Fiscal Year 1999 detail activity is shown below:
156,000 30,823.51 76,473.12 77,979.64 92,803.15 434,079.42
2,500 4,579.87 2,500.00 91,050.30 103,975.79 1,000.07 205,606.03
153,500 148,920.13 177,243.64 162,666.46 136,670.31 228,473.39 228,473.39
City of Iowa City
Parking Impact Fee Reconciliation from
August 4, 1993 through June 30, 1999
Receipts
August 4, 1993
August 24, 1993
April 18, 1994
August 1, 1995
February 23, 1996
August 2, 1996
October 10, 1996
October 24, 1996
August 21, 1997
November 24, 1997
March 31, 1998
June 3, 1998
November 13, 1998
March 4, 1999
April 6, 1999
May 24, 1999
Property Owner
Southtown Properties (Breese Belle
Project)
H & L Apartments
Fitzpatricks
Kidwell-219 Harrison (1 of 3)
Clark-Burlington St.
Kidwell-219 Harrison (2 of 3)
Kidwell-517 S. Linn (1 of 3)
Hodge Construction 600 Capitol
Kidwell-219 Harrison (3 of 3)
Kidwell-517 S. Linn (2 of 3)
Hodge Construction 600 Capitol
633 Partners-509 S. Linn-Jim Clark
Kidwell-517 S. Linn (3 of 3)
LARJ Properties
Clark-Burlington St.
Gateway Partners
Hodge Construction 600 Capitol
633 Partners-509 S. Linn-Jim Clark
Amount
136,000.00
8,000.00
12,000.00
8,000.00
22,823.51
8,000.00
22,824.37
45,648.75
8,000.00
22,824.37
45,648.75
1,506.52
22,824.38
22,823.51
45,648.74
1,506.52
Expenses
applied
against
revenues
136,000.00
8,000.00
12,000.00
8,000.00
22,823.51
8,000.00
10,782.52
Funds returned with
interest if not
encumbered for a
parking facility in the
Near South Side
District by the end of
the calendar quarter
Balance to be immediately following
applied five years.
12,041.85
45,648.75
8,000.00
22,824.37
45,648.75
1,506.52
September30,1998
September30,1998
June 30,1999
September30 2000
March 31,2001
September30,2001
December31,2001
December31,2001
September30,2002
December31,2002
March 31,2003
June 30,2003
22,824.38 November 30, 2003
22,823.51 March 31,2004
45,648.74 April30,2004
1,506.52 May 31,2004
Expenditures
Februa~ 7,1994
July15,1994
September1,1995
August31,1996
June 30,1997
July 1,1997
September 30, 1997
October 1, 1997
October 3, 1997
April 10, 1998
March 4,1999
May 21,1999
Totals
Carlson, McClure & McWilliams
Appraisal Services
Rich & Associates-Appraisal
Hertz Appraisal Services
Rich & Assoc- New ramp
510 S. Capitol Property
Johnson County Recorder
Johnson County Recorder
Johnson County Recorder
Jacobsen, Glenn D & Pric
Telephone Charges
Telephone Charges
Iowa Realty Trust
434,079.42
2,500.00
4,579.87
2,500.00
2,363.50
88,686.80
143.20
41.00
17.00
103,773.92
0.67
0.07
1,000.00
205,606.03
228,473.39
Totals Thru June 30, 1999
205,606.03
7/16/99 pkgimpact.xls
07-16-99
IP12
July 14, 1999
Mr. Lavoy Haage, Supervisor
Solid Waste Section
Iowa Department of Natural Resources
Wallace State Office Building
Des Moines, IA 50319
CITY OF I0 WA CITY
Re:
City of Iowa City Sanitary Landfill
Permit #52-SDP-01-72P
Notification of Financial Assurance for 1999
Dear Mr. Haage:
I am responding to your letter dated July 8, 1999, addressed to Chuck Schmadeke, regarding a
Notice of Violation regarding financial assurance regulations for the Iowa City Sanitary Landfill.
As required in Sections 567-111.3(455B) and 567-111.4(455B) of the Iowa Administrative Code,
the City of Iowa City hereby notifies the Iowa Department of Natural Resources, that our cost
estimates for closure and post-closure of the Iowa City sanitary landfill for 1999 have been
reviewed and updated as appropriate and are again available in the official landfill files, located
in the Civic Center, Finance Administrative offices of the City of Iowa City. Additional
documentation detailing the City's method of financing these costs is also included in the official
files. The cost estimates will be examined each year and updated as necessary.
Please contact me at (319) 356-5052 or Chuck Schmadeke, Public Works Director at (319) 356-
5141 if you have any questions.
Sincerely,
~CU~iS
Finance Director
cc: City Council
City Manager
Chuck Schmadeke, Public Works Director
Dan Scott, Engineer
jw/itr/dy-haage.doc
410 EAST WASHINGTON STREET · IOWA CITY, IOWA 52240-1826 · (319) 356-5000 · FAX (319) 356-5009
OFFICER
55
45
7,45,
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54
34
20,26
11
85
IOWA CITY POLICE DEPARTMENT
USE OF FORCE REPORT
JUNE, 1999
DATE CASE # INCIDENT
06-01 99-904878 Open Door
06-01 99-904894 Injured Deer
06-04
99-904990
Intoxicated Person
06-05 99-905007 Injured Cat
06-08
06-12
99-905107
99-905207
Intoxicated Person
FORCE USED
Sidearm drawn during search of
residence. No one found inside.
Deer struck by car shot with officer's
sidearm.
Intoxicated Person
06-12 99-905218 Injured Deer
Subject resisted being cuffed. His
hands had to be forcibly placed behind
his back for cuffing.
Cat struck by car shot with officer' s
sidearm.
06-15
99-905308
Subject straggled with officer and had
to be held down on the ground until he
could be cuffed.
Criminal Trespass
06-16 99-905337 Injured Deer
Subject arrested and taken to PD. At
the police department subject refused
to follow instructions and struggled
with officer. Subject was placed on
floor for officer to maintain control of
him
Deer struck by car shot with officer's
sidearm.
06-17 99-905389 Interference
06-18 99-905427 Injured Squirrel
Three subjects seen on roof of building
ran when officers arrived. Officers
drew sidearms then caught subjects
after they were ordered to stop and get
down on the ground.
Deer struck by car shot with officer' s
sidearm.
Subject attempted to flee f~om officer
investigating an incident. Officer
grasped subject's wrist and placed him
under arrest. Subject then had to have
his hands forcibly placed behind his
back for cuffing.
Squirrel struck by car shot with .22
rifle
13 06-19 99-905439 Theft Subject placed under arrest for theft
OFFICER
35,20,26
21,26,
26
41
22, 1
51,87
DATE
06-20
06-22
06-23
06-23
06-24
06-26
CASE #
99-905466
99-905532
99-905559
99-905560
99-905613
99-905695
INCIDENT
Narcotics Arrest
Intoxicated Person
OW/
Intoxicated Person
Intoxicated Person
Domestic Arrest
FORCE USED
from a business had to have his hands
forcibly placed behind his back for
cuff'rag. Officer had to maintain furm
grasp on subject after cuffing as subject
tried to break away.
Officers forcibly entered residence
where occupants were destroying
contraband. Sidearms were drawn as
entry was made but were holstered
once residence was secure. One subject
began struggling with officers and this
person was exposed to OC. Same
subject then struck officers and began
choking one officer. Subject was struck
back until he released officer. Subject
then had to be forcibly cuffed. Once in
squad car same subject began kicking
car's windows. He then had to have leg
restraints applied.
Subject was placed under arrest but
then attempted to flee. Subject was
caught by officer and taken to ground
where he still would not cooperate. His
hands then had to be forcibly placed
behind his back to be cuffed.
Subject tried to twist away when told
she was under arrest but officer
grasped her arm. Subject then decided
to go limp and began to fall to the
ground. Officer grasped her arm tighter
to prevent her from falling.
Subject taken to hospital due to alcohol
overdose. At the hospital subject tried
to flee from staff treating her. Officer
caught her by the wrist and preventing
her from escaping.
Subject had to have hands forcibly
placed behind has back after being put
under arrest. In squad car subject began
kicking windows so he had to have leg
restraints applied. At jail he was put
into padded room but he began eating
the rubber so he was placed into a
metal restraint chair.
Officers drew sidearms while checking
residence for subject wanted for
OFFICER
16,19
85,36,13
49
DATE
06-26
06-27
06-30
CASE #
99-905693
99-905704
99-905813
INCIDENT
Intoxicated Person
Welfare Check
Sick Squirrel
FORCE USED
domestic abuse assault. Subject not
located.
Subject was being escorted from bar
after causing problems. He then began
resisting and struggled with officers
who had to take him to the ground and
forcibly place his hands behind his
back for cuffing.
Officers went to residence whose
occupant had called and stated he was
going to shoot himself. No one would
respond to officers once they arrived.
Officers entered residence with drawn
sidearms and a shotgun but no one was
inside.
Sick squirrel shot with .22 rifle.
CC: Chief
City Manager
Captains
Lieutenants
Library
City Clerk
Hurd
July 9, 1999
PRESS RELEASE
Contact:
Joe Fowler
Iowa City Parking
Phone No.: 356-5156
Rob Winstead
Iowa City Public Works
Phone No.: 356-5145
Re: Iowa Avenue Multi-Use Parking Facility - Phase I
Weather permitting, on Monday, July 12, 1999, McComas-Lacina Construction
Company of Iowa City, Iowa will begin construction work on Phase 1 of the Iowa
Avenue Multi-Use Parking Facility Project.
Phase 1 includes the west half of the six-story multi-use structure. Phase 2, the
east half, will begin later this fall. Phase 1 work will include lane reconfigurations
on Iowa Avenue between Linn and Gilbert Street. Two-way traffic will be
maintained. Pedestrian access along Iowa Avenue between Linn and Gilbert Street
will be along the north side.
Future press releases will announce subsequent stages. Completion of the entire
project is expected by March 2001.
Thanks in advance for your patience throughout the project. We are excited about
the improvements being made to our downtown.
410 EAST WASHINGTON STREET * IOWA CITY, IOWA 52240-1826 * (319) 356-5000 · FAX (319) 356-5009
July 13, 1999
PRESS RELEASE
Contact Person:
John Ports
Howard R. Green Company
337-2858 (office)
330-3308 (mobile)
Re: Foster Road Reconstruction and Watermain Project
Weather permitting, on Monday, July 19, 1999, Langman Construction, Inc. of Rock
Island will begin construction of Phase I of the Foster Road Reconstruction and
Watermain Project.
Foster Road between Laura Drive and No Name Road will be closed to traffic during
this phase of construction. Traffic will be detoured through Taft Speedway until the first
week of December. People going to Idyllwild Condominiums should follow the detour
and access the driveway from the westside. Motorists are encouraged to follow posted
detour route markers and exercise caution while driving in this area.
Future press releases will be issued to update progress and describe upcoming traffic
routes. The completion of the entire project is expected by September 2000.
410 EAST WASHINGTON STREET * IOWA CITY, IOWA 52240-1826 * (319) 356-5000 * FAX (319) 356-5009
Roc¢{ d 7/ 6/99 3:11PM;
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515242~156 -> IA LEAGUE OF CITIES; Page 4
REVENI/E & FINANCE
THE SKY IS NOT FAI.LING:
WHY STATE AND LOCAT.
REVENUES WERE NOT
SIGNIFICANTLY IMPACTED BY
THE INTERNET
IN 1998
Robert J. CHne
and
Thomas S. Neubig
Ernst & Young Economics Consulting and
Quantitative Analysis
June 18, 1999
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The Sky h Not Falling:
Why State And Local Revenues
Were Not S'~miflcanfly Impacted
By The Internet In 1998'
Robert 3. Clinc**
and
Thomas S. N~ubig***
Ernst & Young LLP
Economics Consulting and Quantitativc Analysis
J'unc 1.8, 1999
*//* ~sttldy was prepared for th~ cC0mm~C¢ Coalition, a broad-bascd, national COalition dedicstcd to provldhlg so'~d
policy informstion on the taxation or eleclronlc commerce. The Coalition members include Atom-los Onlinc, Inc.,
Aadcrsen Consu]Hng LLP, Cisco Systems, Tnc., Fiw, Data Corporal:ion, [nmit, Inc., MicrosoR Corpor~on, Time Waraa..
Inc., Wal-Mart S~ore.% Inc.
** Robert jr. Cline is E&Y's Natioaal DirectDr of StaXc and Local Tax Policy EconQznics, Dr. Cline b3s extensive staic and
local tax policy mad research experizn~ lmvinZ served as Tax Research Director in the Michigan Dcpartmcut of
Mm3a~ement ami Bridget: snd in the lVU/tlleSOtll, Departm~t of Rcvcn~1¢. Dr. Cline has dircctcd tax policy analysis, tax
modeling projects, state and local fisc~ studies, and ~coaomiG impact stuciie~ for public and private-seaor clients in 2S
5taice$, His phOn~ numl:~f i5 202-3:27-7829 add ~-rnfai| liddr¢$$ is robert. clinc~cy.com.
*** Thom~ S. NeuMg is E&Y's National Director of Policy P-conomics and Quantitative Analysis, D~. Ncubig has
extensive lax policy c~ericnce serving as Dkcct~x and CMefEconomist ofexc U.S, Treasury Dep,ah,,e~t's Office of Tax
Analysis, and assisting public aad private-sector clients with f. cdcnd, st~e and loc, al tax and budge~ analysL~ and roodcling.
His phone number is 202-327-8817 and c-mail address is tom.neubig~cy.oom-
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~006
THE SKY IS NOT FALLINC: WHY STATE AND LOCAL REVENUES
WERE NOT SIGNICANTLY IMPACTED BY THE INTERNET 1~ 1998
Executive Summary
Ecommerce, the purchase of goods and services by consumers over the Internet, is raisinff important
tax policy issues for state and local governments, consumers and retail s¢llcrs. Ms_rxy state and local
officials have expressed concrams about potential erosion of the state and local retail sales and use tax
base. Ecommerce fu-ms are concerned about the administrative and compliance COstS of different sales
and use tax systems at different rates applied to diff~'ent bases in 45 states and thousands of addifonal
cities, counties and other local governments.
This study analyzes the potential erosion of state and local sales and use tax revenues from the growth
of ecommercc. The "revenue crisis" from Internet sales has not materialized. The Advisory
Comm~xsion on Electronic Commerce, state and local governments, and Congress have time to
carefully deliberate on the appropriate taxation of ecommerce. The future sales and use tax
system of state and local governments should be fair, minimize adverse economic costs, encourage
economic growth, reduce taxpayer compliance costs, and minimize government administrative costs.
Key Findings:
The impact on state and local governments' sales and use tax revenues From ecommerce retail
sales must be COnsidered in the context of the current state sales and use tax systems.
Interstate C'remote'9 sales am not subject tO sales or use tax collection by companies
without nexus (i.e., no physical presence in the taxing state) based on Supreme Court
rulings.
Most services and intangible products am not subject to sales and use tax. Many tangible
goods (e.g., groceries, apparel, prescription drags) are also exempt from sales and use tax
in many states.
Taxable purchases from remote sellers are subject to me tax, but states are not effectively
enforcing their existing laws on their citizens.
Although ecommerce retail sales have grown rapidly and are receiving wide-spread attention, the
approximately $20 billion of business-to-consumer ("retail") sales over the Internet in 1998
represent less than Ihree-tenth.s of one percent of total consumer spending.
An estimate of the sales and use tax not collected in 1998 from the increase in remote sales due to
the Internet is less than $170 million, or only one-tenth of one percent of total state and local
government sales and use tax collections. This small effect is due to a number of factors:
An esth~ted 80 percent of current ecommeree is bushess-W-business sales that am either
not subject to sales and use taxes or are effectively subject to use tax paymints by in-state
business purchasers.
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007
· An estimated 63 p~rccnt of current ecomrncrcc business-to-consumer sales arc intangible
services, such as Iravet and financial services, or cxcm~ products, such as groceries and
proscript/on drugs, which generally arc not subject m state and local sales and use taxes.
s Substitution of ecommcrcc purchases for sales from other remote sellers (e.g., mail order
and telemarketers) does not result in rt~lncext sales and use tax. A conservative estimate of
60 percent of ccommcrce purchases of tangible products thst would otherwise b~ made by
phone or mail further reduces the potential erosion.
· Some current ecornmerce sales result in sales and use tax from ecommerce sellers
tea-hitting sales and use tax to states wilere they have nexus and some ecommerce buyers
complying with use tax.
· Five sta~es do not have state sales and use tax, and 19 states do not allow local
governments to impose sales or use tax.
Based on the factors above, approximately $2.6 billion or only 13 pea-cent of total cco mmerce retail
sales have potential sales and use tax collcctiorl issues. Applying state and local sales and me
tax rates to the potential tax base result~ in sales and use tax erosion of less than $170
million in 1998. This is only one-tenth of one percent of total sales and taxes collected by all
state and local governments,
The potenthi erosion of sales and use tax is not an erosion of tax liab~ity. Although out-of-stare
sellers without physical nexus have no legal obligation to collect sales and use taxes from in-stat~
consumers, the h-state consumers still have a use tax liability. The potential erosion of tax
collections ~ due to lack of effective enforcemere of the existing use tax by state and local
govcmmcnts.
As further evidence that a "revenue crisis" is not at hand, state and local sales and use taxes
continue to grow at the average growth rate experi~ced throughout this decade. And many state
governments have record level budget surpluses.
Since ecommercc combines complex new issues of interstate taxation and of legal definitions of what
is taxable, it will be very difficult to address these issues through marginal adjustments in the current
state and local tax laws. Instead of short-teTm, ad-hoc law changes, the Advisory Commission on
Electronic Commerce, state and local governments, and Congress should consider longer-term, more
comprehensive changes in the state ~nd local tax structure. There is time to carefully construct a fair,
efficient, and administrable tax system for star~: and local governmerits tbr the 2lst century.
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~008
THE SKY IS NOT FALLrNC: WHY STATE AND LOCAL REVENUES
WERE NOT SIGNIFICANTLY IMPACTED BY THE INTERNET IN 1998
I. Overview
The rapid growth in electronic commerce (ecommerce) over the Inkmet has raised concerns among
state and local governments about possible adverse affects on sales and use tax collections and on
economic competitivehess of in-state sellers. Ecommerce joins traditional ti)rms of direct marketing as
an impozl~nt alternative retail channel for consumers to purchase goods and services from remote
sellers. Since sellers in the Intomet retail market can be located in a number of taxing jurisdictions,
ecommercc transactions add another dimension to the complex issue of how to administer the sales and
use tax on purchases from out-of-state sellers.
The retail sales and use tax, designed in an earlier era to tax primarily sales of tangible products, is not
well-suited to effectively tax interstate transactions involving services as well as products. The
interstate dimension of Internet sales ii not a new phenomenon. Mail order catalog retail sales have
posed a challenge to the collection of retail sales and use taxes that federal, state and local governments
have struggled with since the mid-1960s. In addition, some states have been modifying their sales and
use tzxes to expand the tax base to include an increasing share of rapidly expanding consumer
spending on services.
What is unique about ecommercc is that it is simultaneously blurring both the geographic boundaries
between ms and the defmitional boundaries between goods and services. It is this combination,
along with the growth in ecommcrcc sales, that has raised fundamental questions about the sales and
use taxation of electronic commerce.
The objective of this paper is to provide estimates of the potential size of tincollected slate and local
sales and use taxes on ecommerce transactions between businesses and consumers and LO compare
these cstimatcs to the curr6nt level of state and local sales and use tax collections. The paper also
frames the issue of taxing retail ecommerce in the broadcr context of .sales and use taxation of all goods
and services, regardless of the method used to complete the transactions.
H. State and Local Sales and Use Taxes
The sales and use tax is an important state tzx, accounting for one-third of all state taxes and one-fourd~
of total revenue raised by the states. The sales and use tax is less important as a local sourc~ of
revenue accounting for approximately l I percent of local taxes. For state and local govenuacnts
combined, the sales and use tax provides crne-quarter of all taxes.
As shown in Table 1, the importance of the sales and use tax varies significantly across states with Eve
States ~lorida, Nevada, South Dakota, Tennessee and Washington) receiving more than 50 percent of
their taxes from the sales and use lax. At the other end of the spectrum, six states (Maxyl~d,
Massachusetts, New York, North Carolina, Vermont and Virginia) receive less than 25 percent from
the sales and use tax. Five states do not have a state-level sales and use tax. This wide variation in
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07/06/99 TUE 15:04 F.G 5152426156 REVENUE & FINANCE
009
reJiance on the sales and use tax means that the revenue impact of not taxing remote sales also varies
widely acm~s states.
The sales and use tax generally appli~ only to t~.gible personal prope~ wid~ relatively few consumer
sa'viccs included in the tax base. As a resuit, the rate of growth in state and local sales and use taxes
has been flowed by the shift of consumer spending away fi'om tangible products (durable and non-
dumb[e) to personal services (e.g., personal care, personal business and recreation spending). In fact,
over the last decade the raIe of growth in consumer spading for services has exceeded the growth rote
of durable goods consumption by 35 percent and the growth rate of non-durable spending by almost 50
percent. As will be discussed, a large component of Intemet sales includes services, such as stock
brokerage and travel transactions, that ~ generally not taxable regm-clless of the retail distribution
channel.
The more rapid growth in consumer spending on services and other non-taxable goods has resulted in a
steady decrease in the ratio of taxable consumer spending and total consun~er spending. This is evident
in Figure 1 that plots the percentage of U.S. consumer spending that wc estimate is taxable under state
and local sales and use taxes. With the exception of ~e early 1990s recession, the taxable share of
consumption has been falling since 1985.
YI~ imperror point to make in the contort of sales and use taxation of ccommcrce is that this "crosion"
of the sales and use tax base has been going on for at least a decade prior to the advent of ccommercc.
V/bile increased remote sales over the Intemet may result in some substitution of non-taxable for ~rture
taxable retail sales, as discussed to detail below, the changing composition of how consumers spend
their money, not how they purchase their goods and services, has been ~e key factor contributing to the
slower growth of state and local sales and use taxes.
Table 2 shows a shorter-run view of the recent growth in state sales and use tax collections. It shows
that the rate of growth of state sales and use taxes have actually increased over the last three years.
The fiscal year 1998 growth rate, 5.6 percent, ahnost matches the compound growth rate of 5.7 in the
decade of the 1990s. Although these figures have not been adjusted for tax rate or tax base changes,
they provide no evidence of a slowdown in the rate of growth of s~e sales and use tax collections. In
fact, state sales and use tax collections have grown faster than total retail trade during the past eight
years, including 1997 and 1998.
HI. Ecommerce Impacts on State and Local Sales and Use Taxes
In this section we present preliminary estimates of the revenue impact of ecommerce in ~rms of
potential reductions in state and local sales and use m.x collections.
Methodology for Estimating Sales and Use Tax Impacts
The following questions mus~ be answered to accurately assess the impact of ecommerce on state and
local sales -,rod use tax revenues:
What transactions are included in the definition of 6commerce?
What is the estimated size and composition of ecommerce transactions in 19987
2
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~ olo
What categories of ecommerce retail sales are subject to state and local sales and use taxes under
cun'cnt law?.
For the ¢commerce transactions that am subject to sales and use tax, what proportion of thc sales
arc expected to produc~ sales and ~ tax payments under current law and administrative
practices?
For taxable ecommerce ~ansacfiorts that do not generate sales and use tax payments, what
percentage of these sales are sub~itutcs tbr sales that were not paying sales and use tax, and what
percourage are sales that r~sult in reduced sales and use tax collections?
· How does the estimated reduct/on in stare and local sales and use tax collections attribtnable to
ecommerce compare to the mount of a~tual collcctions in 19987
Each of the st~ps in the estimation process is explained in the following sections. The basic approach
we are using is to 1) determine the percentages of estimated Ecommerce transactions that fall into each
of the above categories, and 2) to apply these percentages to aggregate estimates of Ecommerce
transactions to determine sales and use tax impacts. The next section explains how we determine the
key percentages,
Ecommerce Sales Subject to State and Local Sales Taxes
Total ¢commerce sales can be divided into business-to-business sales and business-to-consumer sales.
W~ estimate that gO percent of tcr~al ecommcrce transactions ax~ business-to-buslness sales, while 20
percent are business-to-consumer sales. The business-to-business sales are an extension of electronic
dam exchange systems that have been in use for some time.'
A significant sham of business-to-business transactions arc not taxable under retail sales and use taxes
because l ) they arc exempt under sales-for-resale provisions and various manufacturing exemptions, or
2) they ar~ non-taxable business services. For business-to-business sales that are rexable, if the seller
does not collect the tax, the purchasing firms are subject to a u.¢~ tax that is paid direc~y to tax
agencies? For large business taxpayers, use t~¢ payments axe subject to frequent and on-going
compliance review.
mEstimates of the distribution of wtal ¢¢ommerco SnlO$ ar~ based on inf-cnTnation from the
Opcr, ttion and Development, The Economic Impact of Electronic Commerce, 3 999.
: Under the retail sales and use tax in most states, if the scllc~ does not colle~t a tax on taxable sakes, ~e purchaser is liable
to pay a use tax at thc same rate as the sales and use tax. Use tax collections, primarily paid by businesses on taxablc
inputs that they purchag Ere~ of sales and use tax, are si_~nificant in total. It has been estimateA that use taxca avcrag~
mugMy 10 percent of rq~ottr, d sales and use tax collections. (John F. Due and John L. Mikesell, Sales Taxatiofl: State and
Local Structure a~dAdmlnlstratioa, Urban Institute Press (1994), p. 246.)
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Table 1
State Sales Tax Revenue, Fiscal Year 1998
United States S 150.609 36.7
Alabama 1,584 29.3 4.7
Arizona 2,368 48.0 7.1
Arkansan 1,4~2 41.6
California 21,260 37.4 6.4
Cohndu 1,536 3 [ .2 8.7
C~t 2,762 34.5
F!ad~ta 11.838 70.0 7.0
Georgia 4,14'3 37.2 1.6
Hawaft 1,42.5 50.0 4.2
IdaIra 653 32.9 5.0
l~n~is 5,312 3~-.8
]acEa~ 3,279 32.9 4.2
kwa !,5]5 33.9 3.7
~ : , llJ37 39.9 ~9.7
Kentnob/ I.,981 34.6 5.2
l..maL~na 2,.012 38.5 1.6
l~ue 791 40.0 19.4
Maryland 2,161 29.9
Masuchust, tts 2,963 21.2 3,0
]V~cMgan 6.713 353 3,9
F_mnesta 3.697 36.5 $-3
Fdssiuippi 2,0;~5 44.8
Missouri i,70~ 26.7 -0.4
Moa~ -- --
Nevada l,(~ J0.~ 42
New J~r~y 4,?~ 33.7 8.0
New Msdco l, 121 44.6 4.7
New York 7,308 2 t .2 3.5
North Carolina 33.55 28.3 4.
North l)akota 316 41.4 1
0kin 5.266 37. I
Oklahoma I.'328 32.4 4.4
o=:s~ - - -
Pensylvania ~, 152 34.6 1.9
~ 9.962 35.3
~ Island 530 33,2 8.4
South Cuelisa t,7,~2 37-3
S~thDakota 3~R 71,5 5.8
Tes. nessee 4,070 ~0.3 4.6
Tens 14,706 59.1 10,0
Utah 1.,?,52 38,8 0
Vernmn~ 202 2.5.1 10.0
V*n'Bizh 1,919 21.~ 5.1
WasMnpm 4,964 .SZ6 .~.9
W~ VIrginia 87~ 34.7 2.9
W'm:omin 3,047 32.3 6.4
Wyoafnl 175 39.6 [0.5
Source: $tare Tax Notes, -Ammcr Binnor Yuw for Statc 'l~x Cotl~ticms
~.F~c~t 1~98," May 11. t999.
4
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l~1012
Figure 1
FaRb~ Sisan ofCommmer Spetding
Subject to Sales and Use Taxes
30.6/6 ; I J I I I *~ I I I I
tgg~ 1935 10~6 193'/ 198S 1989 1990 1991 1.99'2 I993 1994 1995 1996
S~LrCc; AI]~aQ~ ~da~Jminn~ ~0~ Sffi'tL'y oj Cutre~t B~:.t$iness, U3. persma] ccm,qu~gdort cxpcr~turc~
Table 2
State Sales and Use Tax Collections
'Fiscal [ State Sales Tax ~ Percent Annual Growffi ~ Percent Annual Growth
Year Callecfions (millions] Rate in State Sales Tax Rate in Total Retail Trade
i998 155,300 5.6 5.1
1997 147,069 5.5 4.3
1996 139,363 5.4 5.7
1995 13Z,Z36 7.5 4.5
1994 123,006 7.3 7.5
1993 114,635 5.4 6.3
1992 198,734 5.4 5.2
1991 103,166 3.5 0.6
Compound growth rate,
1991-1998 5.7% 4.9%
S(xitce: US B'ttt'eau of C. eusus, Covetna~tal FInances, 1991-1997., US Bumuu of'Censu.% Monthly Retail Trade Survey, 1.991-I 997.
1998 tax~ cmffinmlr,,d by applylz~ the 1998 growth ram from K,M. Landers and D.J. Boyd, Anoffier Barm~ Year for .qtme Tax
Catlecttons ~ FIscal 19981D 199'/collections.
5
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For all of the above reason,s, state and local government officials have not expressed concern about
business-to=business ecommercc, but have focused on busincss-to-cousumcr sales, The estimate of
total 1998 business=m-consumer sales used in this study is $20 billion2 This is the segment of
ccomrncrcc that Ls causing the most concan in tams of z~taH sales and use tax administration and
complianc~ and is the figure we use to e~imate the retail sales and use tax impacts of ecommerce.
The first step in deriving sales tax impacts is to divide total business-m-consumer sales into taxable and
non-taxable sales. Based on estimates of the amount of ccommeme sales to consumers by type of
spending and identification of' taxable sales categories by state, we estimate that 63 percent of
consumer ecommerce purchases arc not subject to retail sales and use laxes. Figure 2 identifies the
types of businc~s-to~mnsumer sales that arc not taxable, as well as the categories ~hat are taxable.
While the definition of the sales and use tax base varies substantially from state-to-state, ccommcrcc
products and services generally not taxable includc: personal financial services (electronic banking, bill
paying, stock broker services and instrance), interactlye games, travel tickets and services, groceries,
on-line subscriptions m newspapers and Internet gambling. Because cur~nt retail sales and use taxes
exclude most forms of intangible services, a significant portion of business-to-consumer ecommerce
transactions will not be taxable without :~i significant rcstructuring of the current-law sales and use tax-
base.
As shown in Figure 2, we estimate that only 37 percent of projected total ccommerce retail sales t~
consumers are subject to retail sales and use taxes. Included in this category of current retail goods
and services provided to consumers over the Interact arc: jewelry and gifts, flowers, elecironic
products, shoes and clothing, books, tapes and compact disks, alcohol and household products.' Figure
2 shows r. he distribution of the major taxable cargoties. This relatively small set of total ecommerce
transactions is the potential source of sales and use tax collection erosion that is the concan of state
and local governments.
s This is a total revenue estlmale on ~e high-end era wide range of estimates that arc being produced by indusL~/exlxal.s,
academics and private consulting firms. The !axg¢ variance i~ estimaxes is due partly 1o the lack of detailed ~f.tn from
raditional federal da~ sources and to differences in the definition of what is includr.~i in bu.sincas-to-consumc~ salgs, The
$20 billion e~tk,ust~ for business-to-consumer htcmct retail sales is consistent with the recent estimates of total
ccommcrcc sales in the U.S. in 1998, $102 billion published by the Uz~versity of Texas. Center for Research in Electronic
Commerce (wwwjiatcrn=t~dicatox's.com, Jtme 1999). Fortester Research, Inc. figures for online retm'l sales in 1998 are
$8 billion, but exclude ff. nn~oial s~rviccs. Rcseazch estimates rt~ported by Boston Consulting Grout~ and shop-org show
1998 retail online revenues of $13 billion.
4 The sale of motor vehicles is, in a number of states. subject to the retail sales a~d use tax. TI~ coU~tion of Uais ~.x,
rcgm~css of how the v~hiclcs arc purchascd, is ctl~ctivcly ensured through sure and local r~gistmtion systems. For this
reason, motor vch~olc ptgchnscs axe not inuluded in the estimate of taxable business-to-consumer ecommerce sales that
may not pay sales or use tax. It shehid also be noted that the percentnge of tnxable retail ccommcrcc sales shown in Figu~
2 is higher than the estimaxed percentage of all oonsumption spending that is taxable as shown in Figt=e 1 due to
diEcrcnces in the composition of
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Figme 2
Business-to-Consumer Ecvmmerce Sa/es,:
Taxable and Non-Treble
Non-Taxab~ --
63%
.
C~.uputers ~ 5~ftwar~:
Books. Music, ad
Other:
Estimates of the Sales and Use Tax Not ColIeded on Retail Ecommerce Sales
The final step in the estjmation process is to determine what the net effect of the estimated taxable
Intemet sales had on state-and [ocal sales and use tax collections in 1998. This step is a compticated
one that has to consider compliance issues, as well as possible substitutions between ecommercc sales
and retail sales through more traditional retail channels, such as mail-order sales, that do not result in
sales or use tax collections.
Figure 3 illustrates how we divided the 37 percent of business-to-consumer sales that arc subject to
sales and use taxes into three categories: sales generating taxes, sales substituting for other sales not
generating taxes, and sales resulting in reduced tax collections.
As shown in Figure 3, we estimate that 4 percent of taxable business-to-consumer ecomrnerce sales
result in salcs and use tax payments? These payments would be made primarily by in-state
ecommerce firms or out-of-slat= firms lhat have sufficient horus in a state to be rcquixed to col. l~ct and
remit sales and use taxes. A re]ative]y small additiooai percentage would be paid as use taxes by
individual consumers. There is no loss of state and local sales and use taxes associated with this
category of taxable ecommerce sales. ~
s The ~ perccntag~ is conservative compared ~o the 16.5 percent estimate report~l bi U.S. Advisory Commissjon
on htcr~rov,mm=ntal R=latiom, Taxation o[ Inlerslate Marl Order :Sales: 1994 Revenue Esdma~s (M~y 199.4), which
did not include Seam, Jr.c. Penhey and Speige[, which coltected sales and use taxes in a|l states.
s The estimate of the percemage of taxes on taxable sales paid by vendors is based on an informal survey of several sta~e
tax agencies and Vrior studies. The potential l~sidve effect of additional taxes paid by ecommerce vendors ~ new taxable
saJes is not included in the revenue impact estimates.
7
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Figure 3
Tax Treatment of Ecommerce Business-to-Consumer Salesi
Tax csllected:l
no tax Impact
4%
Non-Taxable Sales:
no tax Impact
63%
Taxable
Sales
37%
SubstLrudoa for adlerI
as tax impart
Substitution ~or oth=
taz paid $al~: reVenue~
I~%
The second c~cgory of taxable ccommerce retail sales identified in FiSurc 3 are sales that do not
nxiuce sales and use tax collections because they substitute for other taxable rcmot~ sales that are not
currently gcncnting sales or use taxes; both types of sales result in non-payment of sa~cs and use taxes.
We estimate that this category accounts for 20 Frccnt or business-to-consumer sides. The displaced
sales, ['or example, could come from multi-channel retailers that replace mall or telephone sales wid~
onljnc retail sales over the Interact.? These may b~ out-of-state retailers that do not have the required
nrxus to collect sales and use mxcs from in-state consumers." ~ substitution figure is Fobably on
the low side. Research suggests that spcci~c caterdes of onlinc retail sales, such as computers, arc
vm-y clos~ substitutes for other djrcct marlring sales by mail or telephone?
7 The shop.org~oston Consulting Group study of 127 ontine retailers found ~hat "Althoug~ there is a protLfendon of
retailers seeing artthe, revenues are still concentrated in only a few mature sites." Further, "Multichrome[ retailers, like
Deft, Schwab, Eddie Bauer and Lands End, account for 59% of onlinc revenues.'
' The U.S. Supreme Court in the 1967 National Bdlas Hess, Inc. v. DeparWne~t of Revenue of the State of[ZL~oLs case
clearly establisl=~J tho leg, at prhciplc that out-of-state c, atalogue sales companies do not have to collect and remit a use tax
from cusWmers in a state where the companies do not have lcgid ncxus for salcs and use tax purposcs. The U.S. Supreme
Courts position was rrd~%mcd in thc 1992 Quill Corp Y. North Dakota case dealing with the defin~an of in-state sales
for a mail-order rum.
' In a recent study of online retail trimsactions, the author found that online compumr sales and mail-order sales are very
_,drnilnr in tC~lS of responses of purchasers to tax rate differenceS. ThLs sugges~ ~at there may be a hilgh degr~ of
substirdtion bctw~ mail-order and onl~c compute~ sales. (Austan Goalsbee, Z~ a World Without Borders: The Trapact
o[ Taxes on Internet Commerce, l%'azional Bureau o/ Economi~ R~scazch, November 1998,) It shoulcl bc notcd also that
total dircct mazkethg sales are estimated to be $1.4 ~Hllion dollars in I998 (Direct Marketing Association, EcoDomJc
Impact: U.$, DLrecZMar, tedng Today, 1998, February 1999). A significantportlon of these sales provides an opportunity
f(~ ccommgrce sides substitution.
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The final category in Figme 3 is the one that results in a loss of sales and use tax collections. This
category, an estimated 13 percent of taxable business-to-consumer ecommerce sales, is the only sales
category resulting in a loss of state and local sales and use tax revenue. The loss comes from taxable
ecommerce sales, not generating sales taxes, that substitute for tax-paid sales under traditional retail
channels. An example of transactions that may displace tax-paid sales include the purchase of a book
from an out-of-state seller over the haternet. rather than ~:om a local bookstore, that is delivered by
common carrier without either the seller or the buyer paying the use tax.
To estimate the size of this revenue loss in 1998, we applied the estimated percentage of taxable
ecommerce retail sales not paying sales and use tax 03 percent) to the estimate of taxable ecommerce
business-to-consumer sales ($7.4 billion) to derive an estimate of the total U.S. taxable ecommerce
sales base that is not paying sales and use taxes ($2.6 billion). We then distributed this sales and u~
tax base by state, including states without sales and use taxes, in proportion to state personal income.
This distributed base was then adjusted for major differences in the scope of sates and use taxation of
services for selected states. The resulting state-by-state sales and use tax bases were then multiplied
by the 1998 combined state and local sales and use tax rates in each star to estimate aggregate sales
and use tax losses.
:,
The sales and use tax revenues at issue in 1998 ti'om business-to-consume ecommerce transactions
for all state and local govemm~ents ate an esttmated $I 70 million, only one-tenth of one percent of
total sales as~d use. tax collections.
Table 3 provides a summary of each of the key steps in deriving the estimated 1998 revenue impact of
$170 million.
9
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017
Table 3
Summary of Ecommerce Sales and Use Tax hapacts, 1998
Steps
Total Business-to=Consumer Sales
Less: Percent Non-Taxable
Percent of
Sales
Amotmt
(mi!~onsl
100 20,000
63 - 12,600
Equals: Taxable Sales
Less: Sales Tax Paid
37 7,400
4 400
Less: Sales Substituting for Other
RemoTe Sales, No Tax Collected
20 4,000
Equals: Sales, NO Tax Collected
13 2,600
Times: Average State and Local Tax Rates
6.5%
Equals: Estimated SaIes Tax Loss $170
Since the sales and use tax impact is only one-tenth of one percent in 1998, even if ccommerce sales
doubled annually for the next three years, the revenue impact would still be less than one percent of
state and local sales and use tax revenues. As a percentage of total state and local tax revenue, the
impact would be less than two-tenths of one percent.z°
Ca~par~ons With Estimates of Sales and Use Tax Losses From Mail-Order Sales
· he small impact of business-to-consumer ecommerce on s_m__~_~ and local sales and use tax collections
in 1998 can be put in perspective by comparing the ecommerce estimate to e.,,limates of state and local
sales and use tax revenue losses from mail-order sales.
The problem of collecting sales and use taxes on taxable consumer purebases from out-of-state
suppliers is similar for both ecommerce and mal]-orcier sales. States have been dealing with mail-order
sales and use tax administntion and collection issues for some time, and them have been on-going
efforts to e~i. hktate sales and use tax revenue losses associated with mail-order sails.
$0 Austan Goolsbee and Jonathan Zituain, Evnluardrg ~e Cost and Benefits of Tax~g lnternet Ctammerce, May 1999,
find 1998 sales and use tax revenue impact from retail ecommerce that are similar in magnitude to the findings in this
stldy.
10
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~1018
//~most comprehensive statc-by-statc estimates of the sales and use tax revenue loss from mail-order
sales were prepared by the U.S. Advisory Commission on lnt~rgovemmemtal Relations. The study
c~thnated that mail-order sales resulted in az~ aggregate tcvextue loss of $3.3 billion in sales and use tax
collections in 1994." This was approximately 2.4 percent of total sales and use tax collections for all
states. If this percentage is applied to the '1998 level of state and local sales and use tax collections, a
conservative estimate of the uncol lected sales and use taxes related to mall-order sales is $4.5 billion.
iV. Conclusions
The preliminary estimates prese~tecl in this paper suggest that the revenue impact from ecommerce is
very small in both dollar mounts and relative to the revenue erosion caused by the economy's growth
of services and other forms of remote sales, including mail-order sales. For all state and local
governments, the collections at issue in 1998 are estimated to be $170 million, less than one-tenth of
one percent of state and local sales and use tax revenues.
The current $170 million impact of ccommerce on State and local and use tax collections contrasts.
sharply with the concerns expressed by.some oi=~cials:
Nevada Department of Taxation Executive Director Michael A. HtIock: "Looking at the
national numbers. (Intomet commerce) is now a significant concern." (January 31, 1999, Las
Vegas Review-Journal)
"The National Association of Counties sald Wednesday that the Internet-related loss of state
and Iocal sa[es and use rax revenue is estimated to be anywhere between $15 billion and 350
balion a year nationw~de by 2005. ' (The Buffalo News, Apra I ,I999)
The small impact of Interact taxation on state and local tax revenues in 1998 should also be compared
to the states' budget situation. According to the latest Fiscal Survey of the States, the continuing
strong economy produced general fund budget surpluses in almost all states in fiscal year 19987 In
the aggregate, end-of-year balances reached $36 billion, 8.8 percent of general fund expenditures in
fiscal year 1998. These balances remained afmr tax cuts passed during the year. Twen~-one states
had balances of 10 percent or more of expenditux~s.
Although ecommerce sales am growing rapidly and are receiving wide-spread attention, there is only
sraall current negative impact on sales and use tax collections for several important reasons:
· 80 percent of all ecommerce sales are business-to-business sales that are either nontaxable or on
which businesses pay a use tax. These business-to-business sales az~ much less of a compliance
,9~issue because of well-established sales and use tax audit procedures for Lrt-state businesses.
n Du~ and Mikesell, Sales Taxation, hav~ noted that da¢ metho<iolo~y ttscd by ACIR in ~eir original efiimat~s ha 199I
ovetsmx, d the revenue Ios~ from mail-o~dtx sales by not a_d_nlttatcly i~achidblg u~e tax revenue coll~led l~y registered in-
state finns and out-of~tate fx.fms that have nextas to cotleer the tax or dta~ are voluram-ily collccgcd use tax.
The National Govefrtor's Association and the National Association of Sta~ Budget Officera, Tl~e Ftscal StLrVey
Staw. s, D~c,~znb~r, 1998
11
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019
· 63 percent of business-to-comer ecommerce sales arc intangible services and exempt products
that are not taxablc under most state and local sales and use taxes.
· I I pcrccm of taxable ccommcrcc retail sales result in mxcs being paid by either vendors or
consuxllcrs.
· 60 pcrccnt of thc taxable business-to-consumer sales are substlmting for other sales that do not
generate sales and use taxes and do not rcsuk in ncw sales and use tax lo~cs.
k should bc noted that the potential erosion oY sales and use tax is not an erosion of tax Z~abj. ljty,
Although out-of-state sellers without physical nexus have no legal obligation to collect sales and use
taxes from in-state consumers, the in-state consumers still have a use tax liability. The potential
erosion of tax collections is duc to lack of cffcctivc enforcement of the cxisting use tax by state and
'~local governments.
An important implication of this study's findings is that ms have sufficient time to carcfuUy evaluate
alternative options for taxing ecommerce. In addition, the problems associated with collecting re~
sales and use taxes on ecommerce bU'sincss-to-consumer sales must bc discussed within thc broader
context of how to effectively tax services, as well as remote ~zansactions, under sales and use tax
systems desiSned in an earlier era to tax in-state, tangible personal property.
In smnnmry, the sales and use tax "crisis" from Lawmet ccommerce vansactions is not at hand. The
Advisory Commission, state and local governments, ecornmcrce firms and Congress have time to
carefully deliberate on rhc most appropriate, IonS-term method for effectively taxing ecommerce
transactions. The solution will be found in coordinated changes to the current tax system that
recognize the much broader issue of effectively taxing intcrstale sales under a simp[cr, more uniform
In addition, the restmcturcd tax system will have to simultancously address additional tax i~licy goals
of fairness, economic efficiency and uniform/W, long-term revenue rcsponsiveness, and reduced
taxpayer compliance and government administration costs. This is a challenging, complex task that
will require much more than marginal adjusuTlents in current sales and use taxes. Fortunately, this
study suggests that there is sufficient time for the stakeholders to carefully conside~ the alternatives.
12
lhe Politics of Power
Most of the states
that have deregulated
the electricity
market are ones
where power is costly.
But where electricity
is already cheap,
dere;lulation may be a
long time coming.
n recent years, there's been 'all sorts of talk in Louisiana about
deregu]ating the eleclTicity market. Hem'-
ings have been held, and studies have
been done. Businesses, utilities and con-
sumer groups have sent in xvritten com-
ments and proposMs. Regulators deter-
mined their p~inciples for deregulating,
~d even voted on a definition of what the
"pubSo's h~terest" would be b~ d3e ma~er.
Me~w~e, the u~ihes ~d their bi~est
indus~i~ customers have been du~ng it
out on tele~sion, ~ng ads pushing fi3eir
o~ plm~s for dere~a~on.
For ~ ~e ~, ~e one ~g ~uisim~a
hasn't done yet is to acm~ly dere~late
the elec~ci~: m~ket. Months ago, it
seemed flint this would be a cmci~ ye~.
But in FebmaW, Ge momentum lost
some of its charge when the staff of the
state Public Service Commission, which
has jurisdiction over dere~lation in
~si~ rele~ed a negative repo~. The
report echoed what opponents have been
saying for years:
Deregulation might
lower the bills of big
ity deregulation is entering a second
phase, and Louisiana is fight in file midst
of it. The 21 states that have approved
dereg-ulation so f.u' are generaJ]y ones
expensive power; they have the most to
gain should deregulation's promise of
lower rates for everyone prove tree. The
majored, of the remaining states, like
Louisiana, have below-average rates. In
time, they may still dere~late their mar-
kets. But politic~ly, it will be a tougher
sell. "It's mostly the states in the low- to
middle-cost range that are le~," says
Ma~ew Bl'Ox~q~, ~ ener~, an~yst at ~e
Na~on~ Conference of State ~slamres.
'The polihc~ dSq~amic is ~erent. When
[residenh~] rates are at 14 cents per No-
wa~-hour, there's a lot more interest
nm~vation to take the risks than when
rates are at or below the nafion~ average.
That's a poh~c~ ~act of life."
This does not mem~ that ~mse 29 states
where elect% monopolies still reign are
...............................................................................out of play. Indeed,
B Y C H B I S f 0 P H [ it S W 0 P [ deregulation is a
...............................................................................hotly debated topic
industrial customers, but probably at the
expense of residenti'd ones and small
businesses.
It was the same objection opponents
raised a few years ago in such pioneering
states as California, Pennsylvania and
Massachusetts. But those early states also
had some of the highest electric rates in
the count~,-y, and therefore the greatest
incentive to try to drive them down. At
6 cents per kilowatt-hour, however, Louis-
im~a's rates are nearly two pennies below
the national average. The case for deregu-
lation there is proving commensurately
less compelling.
The state-by-state debate over electric-
in nearly eyeD, one of them. Even in file
three states with the cheapest power in
the country--Idaho, KentuckT and Wash-
ington--panels m'e study4ng how hest to
deregulate should the ~e come.
Nor does it mean that the momentum
towm-d aleregulation is dead. In fact, this
could be a banner yem' for the big mdus-
ti-i'd customers and fi-ee-marketeers that
have been pushing the issue hardest.
Lawmakers in Arkansas, Delawm'e, Mm3.'-
lined, New Jersey, New Mexico and Vir-
ginia passed deregulation, whfie Ohio and
Texas stand poised to follow suit. And a
rexdyed effort is underway m Cong~'ess to
pass some version of a national dere~la-
PhotoSpherehnagesDdphotograph May 1999 G 0 V tr R N I N g 37
THE DEREGULATIDN LANDSCAPE
So far, 21 states have aleregulated the electric power industry legislatively or by regularpry
order. As of April 15. legislation or orders were pending in three states. Most of the
remaining states have legislative or other panels studying the issue, Here is the status
of electricity restructuring in each state, along with the average cost of a kilowatt-hour
of electricity in each state as of 1997.
5.2c 5.7c
6.2c
4.3c
6.0¢
11.7¢
10.7¢
10.5¢
10.5c
' 7.0c
D.C.
7.4c
6.84
Source: U.S. Department of Energy
lion law. Most state officials still believe
what they've been hearing for years: that
nationwide deregulation is inevitable.
But as debate heats up in the second
wave of states, many will only grudgingly
take the leap. There is litde doubt, even in
cheap-power states, that consumer choice
will help industrial customers. They have
the size and the clout to negotiate better
deals for themselves. It's the residential and
smaller commercial ratepayers that officials
are not so sure about. Deregulation is
requiring a delicate balancing act among
all three customer classes. "States all want
to help their industrial bases," says Clu'is
Mete, an energy analyst for the National
Association of Begulatory Utility Cornrnis-
sioners, "but the lowest common denomi-
nator is that you do no harm to any one of
the three. Some states aren't convinced
they can fit the do-no-harm principle."
Those fears are reflected in a draft
report by the U.S. Department of Agricul-
ture. Preliminary ~ndings, made public in
March, predicted that an open electric
market would drive up consumers' rates in
19 states. Those states are clustered almost
entirely in the Northwest and Southeast,
where the cheapest power is already avail-
able.
The political dynamic of the slower-
going states, however, is too complicated
to be driven by price alone. In many
states, especially Southeastern ones such
__ Dere~lation leZlslati~x~ enacted
Comp~t~ens~e r~ulator,/order is~.e~t
__ L.e~islatto. or onlers pendin~ as of April 15
as Louisiana, deregulation is still facing
stiff opposition from powerful utilities.
Moreover, the extraordinary complexity. of
the issue is giving some decision-makers
pause. They worry that if deregulation is
done sloppily, the cure will be worse than
the disease. Officials in many states are
therefore content to let pioneers such as
California take the lead and decide later
what is and isn't working. And given what
they've seen so far, many say they aren't
overwhelmingly impressed.
l: he theory behind electricity deregula-
lion is the same one that drove
changes in the telecommunicaBons,
airline and trucking industries: that free
markets are more efficient than regulated
ones. Until recen~y, electricity generalion
was such a capital-intensive business that
it was thought of as a natural monopoly.
But newer power plants fired by cheap
natural gas have made competition in gen-
eration economically feasible. Under
deregulalion, or "restructuring' as many
call it, utilities are keeping their monopo-
lies over the poles and wires that distrib-
ute electricity to homes and businesses in
their service areas. But customers can
choose a different company to supply the
electricity that runs through those wires.
Calffomia's ambitious deregulation effort,
which began in March of last year, has been
the most closely watched in the country.
38 G 0 V E R N I N G May 1999
Preliminarily, however, it appears that the
new competitive marketplace there is not
very competitive at 'all. When restructuring
started, more than 100 power providers
signed up to sell electridty on the open mar-
ket. But almost 'all dropped out, complain-
ing that pursuing residential customers is
expensive and not particularly lucrative.
Today, only 10 are left, and two of those are
subsidiaries of Calffornia's original investor-
owned utilities. As of February, only 85,000
residents---about 1 percent had taken up
the offer to choose their electricity
providers, leaving some to wonder whether
California is simply replacing regulated
monopolies with unregulated ones.
It is unfair, however, to make assess-
ments this early on, many analysts say. CaL
ifornia is in a four-year transition period.
With deregulation, the state mandated a
temporary, 10 pement rate cut on residen-
tial and sm'dl-business bills, to ensure that
everyone would share in the windfall. But
that ate into the potenti'd profit margins of
startup power marketers and drove them
away. After the b-ansition, competition may
pick up. Analysts also note that industri'd
customers have been quick to take advan-
tage of the marketplace. While the total
number of customers who have switched
electricity proriders is not large, about 25
percent of the state's overall power load
has changed hands.
Some are more upbeat about the com-
petitive market that emerged for residential
customers/n Pennsylvania, OtBcials there
did put a cap on residential rates, but did
not mandate any reductions. That left new
competitors the opportunity to build a
profit margin into their rates. Already,
380,000 Pennsylvania households have
switched power providers, and not every'-
one is even eligible to do so yet. The sue-
cess there is attributed in part to a massive
public education campaign. One poll
showed that upwards ofg0 percent of the
state's residents knew that they could dump
their old Utility, which is remarkable even
in this era of widespread consumer choice.
But it is the California experience that is
resonating loudest with aleregulation skep-
tics in the second round of states. It deep-
ened doubts among the staff of the
Louisiana PSC, 'dthough the elected com-
mission members have ordered the staff to
continue developing plans for aleregula-
tion. Unlike most states where legislatures
must make the call, Louisiana's commis-
sion has the final word. "We were con-
cerned that California's restructuring did
not result in the gains that everyone
promised," says Farhad Niami, the com-
mission's chief economist. "Companies
were not interested in serving residents
in California, where prices are much
higher. Why would they want to serve
Louisiana customers?"
Louisiana's reticence, however, reflects
more than concerns about the fate of resi-
denti'd customers. It also shows the well-
lobbied concerns of the state's powerful
investor-owned utilities. In particular,
Entergy, the holcLh~g company that controls
56 percent of the Louisiana market through
its subsidiaries, is in no hurry, to deregulate.
There are two main reasons why: the River
Bend Nuclear Generating Station and the
Waterford 3 Steam Electric Seation.
When Entergy invested in these plants
in the 1980s, there was pressure on utili-
ties to use expensive energy, alternatives
such as nuclear power. At the time,
Entergy's ability, to repay the debt on
these plants was as sure as its monopoly
status: The cost was built right into
ratepayers' bills. In a competitive environ-
ment, however, the debt on these plants
would make them white elephants. The
so-called "stranded cost" of this debt on
the old plants--perhaps billions of dol-
lars-would get dumped on somebody.
The big question is: on whom?
This is a nettlesome question, one that
every state is struggling with. Some have
left customers with most of the tab, while
others have tilted toward charging the util-
ities' stockholders. Entergy's biggest fear
is that Louisiana might choose the latter
option.
So there is an incentive for Entergy to
block restructuring for now. As long as its
subsidiaries remain monopohes, ratepay-
ers will keep paying down the debt
through their bills; putting off deregula-
tion means that the stranded-cost problem
will gradually take care of itsel[ Entergy
is lobbying to push customer choice back
some years. "The longer Entergy can
delay, the more that stranded costs go
down," says Professor David Dismukes of
Louisiana State University's Center for
Energy Studies. "Entergy does not want
to promote deregulation, and fithey're not
promoting it, it's not going anywhere."
The story is the same around the South-
east, which is dominated by a few large
utilities. For example, the Southern Co., a
powerful holding company with sub-
sidiaries in Alabama, Florida, Georgia and
Mississippi, is lobb,ving h~d against
deregulation in all of those states. The only
legislature in the country to ignore
Even in states where
electricity rates are
low, there is a sense
that deregulation is
an inevitability.
resh'ucturing entirely is Georgia's, where
Southern is headquartered. "I expect
those four states to be the last ones to go,"
says Marc Yacker, a lobb.vist for ELCON,
a group ofindus~'ial electricit-5,' oustonsets.
ree-market misgivings are 'also preva-
lent in the Northwest, where hvdro-
F electric dams pro\-ide the re,on ~vith a
steady sireran of cheap power. Perhaps no
state in the counta'y is cooler toward dereg-
ulation than Idaho. At 4 cents per kilowatt-
hour, Idaho has the nation's cheapest elec-
tricity, zapped fi'om dams on the Snake
River. In December, a legislative task
force studying restructuring reported that
with such low rates, Idaho has little to gain
by deregulating elech'icity and everytking
to lose.
One particular concen~ of the Idaho 'task
force was the experience next door in
Montana. Despite its low electric rates,
Montm~a passed a aleregulation law h~ 1997
at the urging of Montana Power, its domi-
nm~t utility,. Months later, Mon'tm~a Power
shocked state officials by announch~g plans
to sell off its generation fac~ities. The even-
tual buyer, PP&L Global of Virginia, paid
$1.6 billion for the assets, including 11
dams. With the dams, however, went the
associated water rights, which take prece-
dence over the in'igation claims of local
farmers. There is widespread fear that in a
deregulated marketplace, the new owners
might trample on old agreements--and on
fish and wildlife protections--to keep
water levels high and dam production
cranking. "We had an established way of
doing business, and Montana Power has
been a good steward," says state Senator
Steve DoI~erty. 'The new purchaser is not
a home-grown entity, and might pay less
attention to the pubhe."
Fox' its part, PP&L has pledged to run the
dams "with the same oare and community
commitment" that Montana Power did.
And the company could break old agree-
ments only at the risk of waging a legal war
with its new neighl>ors. The post-sale con-
sternation, however, reflects a ce~"tain dis-
may .for unintended consequences that
Idaho does not want to replicate. The leg-
islative panel expressed concern "that
[I 'daho's] water resources may be at risk ff
the state's retail power markets m'e deregu-
lated."
Yet even in low-cost states such as
Idaho, there is a sense that restructuring is
still an inevitabilit-s'. While the state's true
desires may he in fending off the fi'ee mar-
ket, the reality. is that ot~cials are 'also mak-
ing xvay fox' its arrival. In large part, it is a
hedge against Congress dropping a dereg-
ulation mandate on them. For instance,
Idaira in 1997 required its utilities to
"unbunclle" theft' costs, mem~ing that they
have to calculate separately the cost of
generating, trm~smitting and distributing
electricity. The process is generally con-
sidered a first step toward restructuring.
In addition, pilot electricit2:,-choice pro-
granas were launched, although they gen-
erated little interest: Nearly 5,600 cus-
tomers were ehgible, but only 66 switched
providers.
Meanwhile, Louisiana is still moving
ahead on the issue. The PSC plans to tackle
the thorny stranded-costs issue this sum-
mer. And its staff has until 2001 to develop
a competition-transition plan, should the
commission eventually find it in the pub-
lids interest to deregulate. "We will not be
putting deregulation on the back burner,"
says commission Chairman Dale SWdg. "If
a federal mandate comes down, we'll be
ready for it."
There's another scenario that could
change Louisiana's outlook quickly, even
if Congress doesn't act. Like most states,
Louisiana is viewing the issue in a regional
context. But as neighbors such as Tens
and ?,a-kansas move ahead, home-state
industries n-dght tlweaten to jump the bor-
der in search of lower electricitS, rates. If
that happens, Sittig says, aleregulation max,
very well be worth the risk.
40 G 0 V E R N I N G May 1999
I iI
X
0
>
~.-
.~-
>
0
0
0
0
Rank
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
45
46
47
48
49
50
Residential Avg Price
State AP_Res
NY $ 0.14967
HI $ 0.14517
NH $ 0.13824
ME $ 0.12848
CA $ 0.12292
CT $ 0.12258
NJ $ 0.12148
RI $ 0.12125
MA $ 0.11999
VT $ 0.11751
IL $ 0.10748
PA $ 0.10139
AK $ 0.09567
DE $ 0.09382
AZ $ 0.09371
MI $ 0.08714
NM $ 0.08710
OH $ 0.08696
IA $ O,08607
AR $ 0.08555
MD $ 0.08334
FL $ 0.08138
TX $ 0.08002
DC $ 0.07870
VA $ 0.07791
MN $ 0.07655
SD $ 0.07644
NC $ 0.07635
LA $ 0.07612
GA $ 0.07600
MS $ 0.07567
CO $ 0.07563
SC $ 0.07450
KS $ 0.07446
MO $ 0.07291
IN $ 0.07088
AL $ 0.06958
UT $ 0.06929
WI $ 0.06908
NV $ 0.06853
NE $ 0.06790
OK $ 0.06358
MT $ 0.06292
WV $ 0.06220
ND $ 0.06199
WY $ 0.06014
OR $ 0.05771
WA $ 0.05718
ID $ 0.05401
KY $ 0.05251
Appendix A
1997 Investor Owned Utility
Average Revenue Electricity Prices
Ranked Highest to Lowest
NY
NH
MA
ME
VT
NJ
RI
CT
CA
AK
PA
AZ
IL
NM
MI
OH
DC
LA
DE
GA
SD
AR
MD
IA
MS
TX
FL
MN
NV
AL
ND
KS
SC
IN
NC
MO
WA
VA
MT
ID
UT
WI
CO
OK
NE
OR
CommercialAvg Pdce
State AP_Comm State AP_lnd
$ 0.12975 HI $ 0.09995
$ 0.12551 NH $ 0.09180
$ 0.11357 RI $ 0.08780
$ 0.10426 MA $ 0.08734
$ 0.10420 NJ $ 0.08147
$ 0.10407 CT $ 0.08070
$ 0.10403 AK $ 0.07077
$ 0.10376 VT $ 0.06914
$ 0.10352 CA $ 0.06621
$ 0.10246 ME $ 0.05463
$ 0.08605 NY $ 0.05998
$ 0.08587 AZ $ 0.05922
$ 0.08504 IL $ 0.05476
$ 0.08096 MI $ 0.05183
$ 0.07967 AR $ 0.05102
$ 0.07958 NV $ 0.04942
$ 0.07518 FL $ 0.04855
$ 0.07430 MO $ 0.04651
$ 0.07246 SD $ 0.04607
$ 0.07070 DE $ 0.04604
$ 0.07053 KS $ 0.04589
$ 0.06900 NC $ 0.04587
$ 0.06892 ND $ 0.04484
$ 0.06846 MS $ 0.04443
$ 0,06764 DC $ 0.04425
$ 0.06717 NM $ 0.04424
$ 0.06688 LA $ 0.04357
$ 0.06562 MN $ 0.04288
$ 0.06433 WA $ 0.04223
$ 0.06398 IN $ 0.04192
$ 0.06391 CO $ 0.04187
$ 0.06319 GA $ 0.04154
$ 0.06207 MD $ 0.04137
$ 0.06160 OH $ 0.04068
$ 0.06136 MT $ 0.04064
$ 0.06086 TX $ 0.04014
$ 0.06070 VA $ 0.03935
$ 0.05946 IA $ O,O3847
$ 0.05925 AL $ 0.03742
$ 0.05754 WI $ 0.03719
$ 0.05641 WV $ 0.03697
$ 0.05599 OR $ 0.03688
$ 0.05581 SC $ 0.03643
$ 0.05572 OK $ 0.03539
$ 0.05475 UT $ 0.03398
$ 0.05431 NE $ 0.03330
$ 0.05322 WY $ 0.03211
$ 0.05132 PA $ 0.03201
$ 0.05009 ID $ 0.02818
$ 0.04987 KY $ 0.02737
Industdal Avg Pdce
Total Avg Pdce
Staate AP_Total
NY $ 0.12333
HI $ 0.12176
NH $ 0.11740
RI $ 0.10759
CT $ 0.10719
MA $ 0.10719
NJ $ 0.10583
VT $ 0.10040
CA $ 0.09956
ME $ 0.09641
AK $ 0.08505
AZ $ 0.08234
PA $ 0.08107
IL $ 0.07882
DC $ 0.07387
MI $ 0.07255
FL $ 0.07199
MD $ 0.06944
NM $ 0.06874
DE $ 0.06817
AR $ 0.06713
SD $ 0.06429
MO $ 0.06210
MS $ 0.06207
KS $ 0.06169
TX $ 0.06167
OH $ 0.06162
VA $ 0.06093
GA $ 0.06060
NC $ 0.06040
NV $ 0.05912
CO $ 0.05911
LA $ 0.05902
IA $ 0,05873
ND $ 0.05672
WA $ 0.05556
IN $ 0.06458
AL $ 0.05391
MN $ 0.05377
MT $ 0.05310
NE $ 0.05283
WI $ 0.05237
SC $ 0.05180
OK $ 0.05116
OR $ 0.04996
UT $ 0.04976
WV $ 0.04962
ID $ 0.04025
KY $ 0.03931
WY $ 0.03903
APPENDIX B
Rank
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
45
46
47
48
49
50
Investor Owned Utilities
& Nebraska
1995 Average Pdces Ranked by Total, Residential, Commercial, and Industrial
State TOTAL State Residential State Commercial State Industrial
NY 0.1188 NY 0.1432 AK 0.1601 NH 0.0964
NH 0.1167 NH 0.1350 NY 0.1207 HI 0.0902
AK 0.1146 HI 0.1315 HI 0.1196 RI 0.0886
HI 0.1107 ME 0.1260 NH 0.1129 MA 0.0839
CT 0.1071 CA 0.1237 CA 0.1096 CT 0.0826
NJ 0.1046 CT 0.1209 CT 0.1040 NJ 0.0815
CA 0.1045 NJ 0.1202 ME 0.1031 AK 0.0784
RI 0.1038 ak 0.1182 NJ 0.1024 CA 0.0733
MA 0.1029 MA 0.1163 RI 0.1008 NY 0.0677
ME 0.0958 RI 0.1148 MA 0.0994 ME 0.0670
VT 0.0924 IL 0.1057 VT 0.0974 VT 0.0666
AZ 0.0842 VT 0.1056 AZ 0.0877 AZ 0.0601
PA 0.0789 PA 0.0970 NM 0.0043 PA 0.0591
IL 0.0770 AZ 0.0964 PA 0.0832 NV 0.0562
NM 0.0743 NM 0.0945 IL 0.0797 IL 0.0527
DC 0.0712 DE 0.0903 MI 0.0793 AR 0.0511
MI 0.0706 OH 0.0882 OH 0.0774 MI 0.0508
MD 0.0702 AR 0.0857 GA 0.0728 KS 0.0483
FL 0.0694 IA 0.0856 DC 0.0715 FL 0.0482
AR 0.0672 MD 0.0845 MS 0.0702 MO 0.0478
DE 0.0658 MI 0.0838 LA 0.0694 NC 0.0469
SD 0.0654 TX 0.0791 MD 0.0690 MS 0.0466
MO 0.0649 VA 0.0784 SD 0.0688 CO 0.0454
NV 0.0645 FL 0.0782 AR 0.0687 SD 0.0451
KS 0.0641 KS 0.0771 NV 0.0687 GA 0.0450
MS 0.0636 GA 0.0766 DE 0.0681 NM 0.0450
GA 0.0631 CO 0.0766 AL 0.0668 DE 0.0441
OH 0.0626 MO 0.0763 TX 0.0665 DC 0.0436
VA 0.0617 NC 0.0763 IA 00652 WA 0.0436
CO 0.0616 DC 0.0762 NE 0.0646 ND 0.9427
NC 0.0609 SD 0.0761 KS 0.0640 MN 0.0423
TX 0.0602 MS 0.0750 MO 0.0635 NE 0.0418
IA 0.0590 SC 0.0743 FL 0.0629 MD 0.0416
NE 0.0569 MN 0.0740 MN 0.0621 SC 0.0416
ND 0.0563 LA 0.0724 SC 0.0619 OH 0.0416
AL 0.0559 NV 0.0720 NC 0.0610 AL 0.0406
SC 0.0558 WI 0.0702 ND 0.0609 VA 0.0404
LA 0.0555 AL 0.0693 CO 0.0599 WV 0.0403
WA 0.0551 IN 0.0669 VA 0.0598 MT 0.0402
WI 0.0533 OK 0.0653 IN 0.0588 LA 0.0390
WV 0.0532 WV 0.0649 WV 0.0585 TX 0.0388
MN 0.0528 WY 0.0617 WA 0.0585 IN 0.0384
OK 0.0524 ND 0.0606 WI 0.0576 IA 0.0382
IN 0.0507 MT 0.0598 OK 0.0546 OR 0.0380
OR 0.0497 WA 0.0569 WY 0.0529 WY 0.0379
MT 0.0493 OR 0.0561 MT. 0.0520 WI 0.0372
WY 0.0490 NE 0.0540 OR 0.0517 OK 0.0363
TN 0.0433 KY 0.0522 KY 0.0508 TN 0.0348
ID 0.0399 ID 0.0516 TN 0.0499 KY 0.0277
KY 0.0398 TN 0.0495 ID 0.0427 ID 0.0267
21
To: ~kifis, S~c~c Fro~: Cole Chasc#IC_Chan~cr 8?/89/99 17:~4:49 08~
'~ro advocate for a vibrant local economy; p~ovide opportt~itz~s and gable services to ov, r meanbets and conlriZ~zte to t~e
quality of IiFe ~ ]ohnson Cotn~ty."
July 9, 1 999
Chamber Members are encouraged to meet
Candidates for School Superintendent
With the announcement of three finalisis for the
position of Iowa City Community School District
superintendent, you are invited and urged to
attend three community meetings to be held on
Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday July 12, 13 & 14
at 7:30 p.m. at the Central Administration office.
One ~nalist will be present each night to meet the
public and take questions. It is not only an
opportunity for you to interview the candidates but
also for each of them to get to know our
community. You are encouraged to ask questions
and at the end of the evening, you will be asked to
share your impressions with the school board on
written surveys. Additionally, phone lines are
available to call in questions that will be posed to
the finalisis.
This is an important event and the selection of our
new school superintendent will make a long-term
impact on our community. We have many
important issues and decisions that will be facing us
in the future. Finding a leader who not only has the
necessary skills but is also the right person for our
unique community is something in which we all
have a vested interest. Please plan to be involved.
Why Not Branch Libraries?
Commentary by Lisa Parker, Porker Da,,is Graphics
For regular users of the Iowa City Public Library,
the problem is e~dent. The current library has
outgrown its available space and the staff is
working hard to continue to provide an excellent
level of service in increasingly constrained
conditions. This community loves its library and the
result is that we have the most heavily used library
in the state. 56,000 registered borrowers visit the
library 660,000 times per year and check out over
1.1 million items. Per capita circulation is over
double the state average.
The present 47,000-sq. ft. Hbrary was opened in
1981. Since that time, use of the library has
exceeded all expectations. Both the local population
and the usage level that the current facility was
designed to serve were exceeded in 1990. In the
1980s Iowa City's population grew by about 18%.
Circulation has increased 145% since 1982. Using
nationally accepted guidelines for public library
space per capita; our library has a space shortage of
nearly 20,000 square feet today. By 2010 that
shortage will grow to 28,000 square feet.
A frequently repeated suggestion for solving the
library's current space problem is the building of a
branch library. On the surface this seems like a
sensible, inexpensive solution. In reality branch
libraries would create more problems than they
would solve including substantially increased
operating expenses and dilution of service.
Additionally, a branch library offers no real answer
to the current problem.
A branch library, while certainly less expensive to
build than a main library, brings a costly price tag
in terms of increased, ongoing operating expenses.
Statistics prepared in January of 1995 show that a
branch library would cost 6 times more per square
foot to operate than an expanded main library
~;hese estimates are based on a 10,000 square foot
branch, open 60 hours per week, delivering
primarily children's services, popular materials, and
limited reference service. Staffing assessments are
similar to a mid-sized branch in the Des Moines
Public Library system. Operating expenses for the
first year (1995 in this study) are $340,369,
escalating to $553,753 by 2004. (This does not
include initial capital outlay for building,
equipment, furnishings, or collections. If a facility
were rented, operating expenses would increase.)
This works out to $34/sq. ft. escalating to $55/sq ft.
Comparably, by virtue of economies of scale, an
This fax service is provided to all members of the Iowa City Area Chamber of Commerce and occ. rs on a
monthly basis. For more information on any of these isstzes, comment or complaints, please contact
Cole Chase at 319-33 7-963 7, Fax at 338-9958 or via E-mail cchase@icarea. corn.
To: fitkins, Steve From: Cole Chasc#IC_Chamhcr 8?/89/99 17:45:48 883
advocate lot a vibrant local economS~ provide opportunities and valuable sexvicca m our mcant~rs and contrilmte to ~e
qtzality of liFe in Johrmon County."
expanded main library would cost only $6/sq. ft to
operate, escalating to $9/sq. ft. by 2004.
It seems likely that increased expenses of the kind
mentioned above would put a swain on the library's
budget, resulting in a probable dilution of services.
Certainly the collection at the branch would
represent a fraction of the collection at the main
library. The library spends over $100,000 a year on
newspapers, magazines and other reference
materials. Obviously, these materials could not be
duplicated at a branch. A recent community survey
commissioned by the Board of Trustees shows that
three fourths of those sun'eyed rate ICPL as "one of
the best" or "above average" compared to other
libraries with which they are familiar. That
reputation is well deserved and the possibility that
sen, ice would be diminished is a serious concern.
Experts in planning consulted by the Trustees
advise us that in communities of our size and
demographics, 80-90 percent of the users of a
branch would continue to use the sen~ces of the
main library in order to have access to the expanded
collection and reference services. There are also
administrative needs of a branch that may require
additional space at the main library. A branch,
therefore, would not only not solve current space
problems, but may increase space constraints.
The Board of Trustees is aware that people in the
community would like easier access to the Library
and its services. To that end, we have instailed book
drop sites on both the West Side at the University
of Iowa Community Credit Union on Mormon Trek
LOCAL EVENTS
Meet the candidates for Iowa City Community School
District Superintendent of Schools. Monday, Tuesday and
Wednesday July 12, 13 & 14 at 7:30 p.m. at the Centra
Administration office.
All members are encouraged to attend!
and on the East Side at the Hy-Vee on First
Avenue. Additionally the city has converted the
parking lot on Linn Street adjacent to the library to
short-term (up to 3 hours) parking. We will
continue to explore options that increase access to
the current library and we place a high priority on
increased access in any plans for a new building,
including readily available parking.
Government Update commentary is available to any
Chamber member on any government or public issue
germane to the Chamber Mission. The Governmen
Affairs Director resen, es content and editorial
control. For more information, please contact Cole
Chase.
Economic Growth Committee to Tour State-of-
the-Art Laundry Facility July 15
One of the oldest tasks in the history of humanity
meets state-of-the-art technology in the UI Laundry
on the Oakdale Campus. The washing and drying
systems is computerized and interfaces with a
mortGrail system that moves laundry from sorting
areas to washing machines (each of which holds up
to 450 pounds of laundry). From the washing
machines, a conveyor belt on wheels moves clothes
from washers to empty dryers. The UI Laundry
handles more than ten million pieces, or 6 million
pounds of laundry each year. Sheets and other
laundry requiring ironing make up about 40% of the
total workload. The 13I Laundry serves the
University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics,
Residence Services, the College of Dentistry, and
many others.
Continuing the practice of visiting both new and
new &: improved businesses in the Iowa
City area, the Economic Growth committee
will tour the UI Laundry Facility on
Thursday, July 15 from 7:30-8:30 a.m.
Beginning with coffee and rolls, those
taking the tour will hear from manager
Dave Gray and then tour the facility.
· Friday, August 2 7 - Chamber Golf Classic
18 Holes- Four person best shot- 1:00 PM Shotgun start
Sponsored by
t la a Hotel
Directions: Take Hwy. 965 north of Coral
Ridge Mall (Exit 240 off 1-80) to the
Mustang Market. Turn right at the stop light
onto Holiday Road. Immediately past the
Mustang Market, turn left onto Holiday
Court (a dirt road) and proceed to Laundry
Building.
This fax service is provided to all members of the Iowa City Area Chamber of Commerce and occurs on a
monthly basis. For more information on any of these issues, comment or complaints, please contact
Cole Chase at 319-337-9637, Fax at 338-9958 or via E-mail cchas~icarea. com.
City of Iowa City
MEMORANDUM
TO: City Council ~
FROM: Administrative Assistant
DATE: July 13, 1999
RE: Deer Management Plan Timeline
This memorandum is to update you on tlie approval process relating to the
1999/2000 deer management plan
The Deer Management Committee has been meeting frequently since the end of
April to formulate the 1999/2000 recommendation. We are now convening on a
weekly basis to finalize the plan. Even though it is not required, the Committee
strongly encourages Council to hold a public hearing on the plan. An item will be
included on your July 27 agenda to set a public hearing to be held August 24.
Because of Council's reduced August meeting schedule, the Committee will
recommend consideration of the resolution approving the plan the same evening as
the public hearing, August 24.
You may recall that prior to implementation, the Natural Resource Commission
(NRC) must approve Iowa City's action. If Council approves the plan August 24,
the NRC would review it on September 9. If the Council does not forward an
approved plan for consideration on September 9, the NRC does not meet again until
October.
Members of the public in attendance at last evening's meeting were made aware
that the Committee would recommend expedited consideration but that Council, of
course, had the authority to continue the public hearing or defer consideration if
deemed necessary. It was also relayed to the public that the Committee would
appreciate receiving their concerns or suggestions at this point in the process to
allow those ideas to be addressed and/or incorporated by the Committee.
The week of August 16, Dennis Mitchell and I plan to meet with AI Farris (DNR Fish
and Wildlife Division Administrator) and a representative from the State Attorney
General's Office to review the Committee's recommendation. Dr. Farris suggested
the meeting take place before consideration by either the City Council or NRC to
ensure compliance with all applicable laws and rules.
The Committee is extremely dedicated to forwarding a plan to Council that best
represents the community, provides residents solutions to deer-related concerns,
and minimizes litigation possibilities. Needless to say, this is not a swift task.
Please call me if you have any questions.
MINUTES
IOWA CITY/CORALVILLE DEER MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE
WEDNESDAY, MAY 26, 1999 - 6:45 P.M.
IOWA CITY CIVIC CENTER - COUNCIL CHAMBERS
FiNALIPI I 21
MEMBERS PRESENT:
Jan Ashman, Pat Farrant, Loren Forbes, Ron Fort, Misha Goodman-
Herbst, Steve Henddx, Doug Jones, Lisa Mollenhauer, Judy Rhodes,
Nancy Sieberling
MEMBERS ABSENT: Charlie Duffy, Dave Froschauer, Scott Larson, Bud Louis
OTHERS PRESENT:
Vicki DiBona, Jim Jansen, Chad Gonnerman, Clayton Foley, Elijah
McNeish, Aaron Silander, Jill Johnston
CALL TO ORDER:
Mollenhauer called the meeting to order at 6:52 p.m.
REVIEW APRIL 21 AND MAY 5 MEETING MINUTES:
Ashman said for the April 21 minutes Judy Rhodes should be listed as present for the meeting.
Rhodes said on Page 6 a sentence in the third paragraph should say "she had the obligation as a
property owner to not hurt anyone else."
(Jones arrived at 6:54 p.m.)
Mollenhauer said any typos would be corrected. Ashman said for the May 5 minutes, on Page 4 in
the fifth paragraph Cornell College should be Cornell University and social service should be social
science survey.
Committee members agreed to ~nalize both sets of minutes as amended.
REVIEW COMMENT FORM:
Mollenhauer said at the Committee's last meeting Dean Thornberry requested that a standardized
comment form be created for citizen's who wanted to express their opinions or concerns about deer
in Iowa City, so she drafted a form. She said that the form could be sent to people to call in to the
City about the deer, put into the newspaper as a cut out, be handed out at neighborhood meetings,
be available at the public library and be placed on the City's web site.
Committee members discussed revisions to the form and later determined it would be better to
conduct a formal survey.
Jones said he encountered a deer carcass in upper Finkbine two weeks ago and asked if anyone
else had.
REVIEW SCHUBERT LETTER:
Mollenhauer said before the Committee reconvened in April she sent a letter and a copy of the
Committee's 1998-99 management plan to the national representatives involved in the USDA
litigation and asked them to comment. She said the letter from D.J. Schubert is the only formal
response received. She said he is a wildlife biologist who has a B.S. in wildlife biology from Arizona
State University and has done extensive work through the Peace Corps.
Mollenhauer in the third paragraph, Schubert's says "... the 35 deer per square mile management
strategy is a legally binding standard which cannot be changed..." She said that number was
reviewed at the last meeting and members were informed that if they wanted to change that number
they needed to recommend a revised long-term plan to the City Council. Jones said it is binding until
the Council votes to change it but the Committee was not recommending a change. Mollenhauer
said that Schubert stated that no aspect of the current plan must be retained for future management
recommendations. She said the State National Resource Commission required a long-term plan for
any type of deer management. Jones said that Schubert is not totally informed that the Committee is
the advisory group that proposed the plan. Mollenhauer she thought they had done a fine job with
the deer/vehicle accident reporting system. Jones noted those became more detailed after the first
Iowa City/Coralville Deer Management Committee Minutes
May 26, 1999
Page 2
round of meetings. Jones said the map data available is crucial for this to show where the accidents
are. Goodman-Herbst said she did not know if they could truly know that they are having more
accidents now then they have had the past five years because good reports were not kept in the
past. Rhodes said she thought Schubert needed to be informed that deer/vehicle accidents was not
the primary justification for the deer reduction. She said with the number 35, they wanted to give
themselves maximum flexibility and the idea was that each year they could go site-specific and
discuss ways to manage the herd with that as a guideline.
Ashman questioned if the University had been asked to give their accident reports. Mollenhauer said
no, and the City is not collaborating with the County either for that information. Ashman suggested
trying to include the accident data that happens within the City. Mollenhauer said she would call the
University about deer/vehicle accident information. Rhodes said she like Schubert's suggestion of a
hotline where people could call in with deer complaints. Goodman-Herbst said Animal Control did
not receive any complaints about deer destroying ornamental plantings. She said they would do site
investigations on the damage and keep reports on it. Sieberling said she thought people may not call
animal control they relate that office to dogs and cats, not deer. Ashman said the Johnson County
Humane Society maintains a help line and they have not received many calls about deer.
Rhodes suggested creating an educational presentation for the neighborhoods on dealing with the
deer. Mollenhauer said Marcia Klingaman is asking neighborhood associations if that is a topic they
would be interested in, and the idea of creating a video on the same topic has also been discussed.
Jansen said he handles deer complaints for a living and he said the complaints are an indication of
the landowners tolerance. He said the best data is the aerial surveys. Mollenhauer said another
thing she wanted to point out about Schubert's letter was that he said the deer population would
plateau or decrease naturally by disease, starvation or stress. She said she has asked how high the
numbers would get by letting nature take its own course, and no one can give her an answer.
Jansen said there was a place in southeast Iowa where they had 150 deer per square mile that were
healthy.
Mollenhauer showed the Committee a plan of the peninsula development. Jones said he wanted to
emphasize that the selection of the peninsula for the sharpshooting site last year did not have
anything to do with the fact that that area is planned for development. Mollenhauer said the
peninsula has the highest number of deer per square mile and it was selected because it was an
easy parcel of land and easy to isolate making it a good test site to test the effectiveness of
sharpshooting as it was the first year. Rhodes discussed the real estate development process.
Mollenhauer gave some background information regarding the peninsula development,
Rhodes said the only thing that she understood the Committee agreed upon last year was the health
of the deer herd and the ecological impact it had on the environment. Hendrix said it is an ecosystem
approach to deer management. Jones said he thought the City needed to back up this assertion with
the kind of evidence that Schubert said they did not have. Hendrix gave Mollenhauer a contact
person for information regarding the cost of exclosures. He said he was not interested in doing the
fieldwork for a project like that. He noted the construction and maintenance costs and time for
monitoring for the exclosures. Mollenhauer read an e-mail from Willie Suchy regarding data and
research regarding exclosures. Hendrix said he thought there was an abundance of evidence for
areas in the Midwest that indicate when you have a certain number of deer or more it will have a
certain effect on the vegetation of that area. Jansen noted some data on exclosures from Cedar
Falls, but he said the exclosures could be a learning tool for the public education. Sieberling said she
thought it was important for the City to do that so people see and understand how important
conserving natural resources is. Jones noted a professor named Del Holland who has students that
study similar information. The Committee decided no new science would be created in Iowa City if
studies were conducted; however, small-scale exclosures might provide beneficial for educational
purposes.
(Jones left the meeting at 8:17 p.m.)
Mollenhauer said the Committee has to decide whether they want to intervene to reduce the
population or allow the herds to reduce naturally by disease, starvation or stress. The Committee
decided that there should be human intervention. She passed out the next segment for the Living
With Deer Series, Defensive Driving.
Iowa City/Coralville Deer Management Committee Minutes
May 26, 1999
Page 3
LETHAL MANAGEMENT METHODS:
Bow Hunting
Fort said that bow hunting is already legal in the County and should be allowed on the outside edges
of Iowa City. He said there would be no cost to the City. Hendrix asked how those edges of the City
would be designated. Fort said that should come from the City Attomey's office.
Jansen gave some information from Cedar Falls and Dubuque, two communities that have used bow
hunting as a form of deer management. He said bow hunting offers an advantage to getting at areas
that you wouldn't get at with sharpshooting. He said bow hunting is the least expensive of the three
lethal options and it is an important tool. He said that Cedar Falls has participated in a hunting
program for five years, and last year was the first year that they saw a decrease in the herd in their
aerial survey. They recorded the highest harvest (91 deer) in their five years of bow hunting. He said
that Dubuque has lower numbers of deer per square mile compared to Iowa City, and at a lower
level, bow hunting works very well. He said that bow hunting could not be the only tool that Iowa City
should use to effectively reduce deer numbers because the numbers are so large. He said
Dubuque's managed hunt was successful because they put very few regulations on the hunters, and
he gave some examples. He noted that there are administrative costs to the City for managing the
hunt. He said bow hunts last from October 1 to January 10, but each community can design a
managed hunt program to fit their needs.
Committee members decided to discuss trap and kill, sharpshooting, and other lethal methods at
their next meeting.
DISCUSS 1999/2000 MANAGEMENT PLAN:
This item was tabled until the Committee's next meeting.
PUBLIC COMMENT:
Jill Johnston, suggested a deer education line where the questions asked could be recorded or
people could leave their name, address and phone number so information could be mailed to the
caller. She said that way the City could keep track of what was going on, what people are interested
in, and what people are trying to find out.
Goodman-Herbst said that would be very similar to the information that they currently hand out.
Mollenhauer said she mails out the pamphlet to people who call. Johnston said with the education
line they could keep track of the callers and the problems.
Elijah McNeish, said he thought sometimes the Committee is just looking at the effectiveness of
options, not if the options are humane or safe. He said he thought the Committee should be looking
at the issues a little better. He said bow hunting may be effective, but he views it as worse than
sharpshooting because it is not as quick of a kill. He said he did not mean that sharpshooting was
humane because they die more quickly, but it is more humane than the bow hunting.
SET AGENDA FOR NEXT MEETING:
The next meeting was set for June 16 at 6:45 p.m.
ADJOURN:
The meeting was adjourned at 8:47 p.m.
Minutes submitted by Traci Wagner.
mgr/min/deer5-26-99,doc
MINUTES
IOWA CITY/CORALVILLE DEER MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 16, 1999 - 6:45 P.M.
FINAL
MEMBERS PRESENT:
Jan Ashman, Loren Forbes, Ron Fort, Misha Goodman-Herbst, Steve
Hendrix, Doug Jones, Bud Louis, Lisa Mollenhauer, Judy Rhodes, Nancy
Seiberling
MEMBERS ABSENT: Charlie Duffy, Pat Farrant, Scott Larson
OTHERS PRESENT:
CALL TO ORDER:
Ray Hanson, Jerry Hynes, Brian Sharp, Shannon Nelson, Elijah McNeish,
Amanda Morgan, Clay Foley,. Chad Gonnerman, Jim Jansen, Joe Wilkinson,
John Kenyan
Chairperson Goodman-Herbst called the meeting to order at 6:50 p.m.
DEERLINE:
Mollenhauer said the Committee was looking for a way to collect public input. She distributed a sample of
possible wording for an Iowa City deer line. Mollenhauer said the public could make comments and
request educational information, although it will be necessary for callers to state their names and
addresses if they want their comments to be part of the official City record. She said that having the
addresses would also help the Committee track where people are having or are not having problems.
Mollenhauer said the comments could be transcribed for the Committee and City Council.
Louis said he thought a deer line would be a good idea. Mollenhauer said she did not want to bypass a
survey but wanted to make sure that if a survey is done, the Committee knows what it will do with the
results. She said the City Council has appointed the Committee as representatives of the community to
make the recommendations, but it is important to get citizen input to see what kind of perception is in the
community. Mollenhauer said she was not sure the Committee would get its money's worth out of a
$15,000 survey. She said the Committee could certainly recommend a formal survey, or it could do
something like this whereby people comment on their own.
Goodman-Herbst asked if cable TV is still doing surveying. Mollenhauer said that was an option, although
in that case, the Committee might want to hire someone to formulate the questions properly so that
people are not being steered one way or another. Rhodes said that type of cable TV survey presumes
that a broad number of people are watching Infovision. Mollenhauer added that addresses could not be
tracked through such a system, although phone numbers could be.
Ashman said she liked the idea of a deer line as it is neutral, proactive, would not cost a lot, and could be
done quickly. Mollenhauer said it would cost about $300 to install the line and about $300 per year to
maintain it. She said people could call the line 24 hours a day.
Rhodes suggested language changes. Seiberling asked how this would be publicized. Mollenhauer said
the government channel could be utilized, and the Committee could put ads in the Press-Citizen, Gazette,
and/or the Daily Iowa. She said the City is beginning a monthly two-page publication in the Community
News Advertiser, and information could be included in that. Ashman suggested there would not be too
much that the Committee could do.
Ashman asked if anyone else received a lot of telephone calls after the last meeting. She said she
received eight to nine calls referring to information in the newspapers that was inaccurate. Ashman asked
if the Committee wanted to distribute its own press releases. Jones said the media coverage had implied
that the choice of bow hunting was a done deal. Rhodes said the Press Citizen editorial was misleading
and inaccurate. Ashman said she asked the radio station where they got their information, and they said it
came from the Iowa Associated Press.
Mollenhauer said it is important to remember that it was part of the requirements of the Department of
Natural Resources (DNR) that the Committee review all legal lethal options every year. She said that
because a presentation was made or a topic discussed does not mean that the Committee is leaning
toward that option. Rhodes said the long-term management plan for Iowa City also states that the options
chosen must meet the three criteria of public safety, community acceptance, and effectiveness in
maintaining the desired number of deer in the herd. She said there is a distance to go to say that bow and
arrow hunting would meet those criteria, and the likelihood may be that it would not meet two out of the
three.
Deer Mgmt. Committee Minutes
June 16, 1999
Page 2
The consensus was to implement the deer telephone line. Mollenhauer said she would provide exact
transcriptions of the comments. Wilkinson asked how the Committee would tell that the comments all
came from Iowa City. Mollenhauer responded that that is why addresses will be required. She said that
when the sharpshooting litigation began, information was put out on the internet, and the City received
correspondence from all over the country. Mollenhauer said that might be important to receive, but would
not necessarily be appropriate as a guiding force in making decisions.
Seiberling asked if the Committee has any information from other areas that have had deer problems and
have handled them satisfactorily. Mollenhauer said she has talked to other communities and found that
the issue is not easy in any community.
Ray Hanson asked if the Committee feels the City can never meet the criteria of what is required for bow
hunting. Rhodes replied that when the Committee went to the DNR last year to get permission to
sharpshoot, it was in the agreement that the Committee would consider all forms every year, and the
methods considered need to meet the three criteria. Mollenhauer said the Committee has not discussed
this yet.
LETHAL MANAGEMENT METHODS:
Rhodes said she thought the Committee needed to know how many deer need to be killed before
deciding which method to use. Jones agreed with Rhodes. Louis said there was a figure on an eadier
report as to how many deer should be in each area of the City when everything is settled. Mollenhauer
said that the City cannot financially or reasonably get the numbers down to 35 deer per square mile in
only one year. She said the Committee may need to set a reasonable number that the City can afford and
reasonably attain.
Louis said that two years ago the number of deer for the Peninsula area was estimated at 69 and now it is
estimated at 154. He said this shows that the City needs to get moving on this and get something
concrete started. Rhodes said the number chosen last year was on a recommendation from the DNR.
Mollenhauer said there are some areas with higher numbers where a certain method cannot be used.
She said she did not think the Committee should necessarily determine safety issues. Jones said he
believes that determination rests solidly with City staff, public safety, the DNR, and whoever ends up
implementing the method.
Mollenhauer said if the Committee decides there is an area where sharpshooting cannot physically be
used but deer need to be killed there, then other options would be considered. Hendrix said the
Committee could start off with a recommendation that all other things being equal, this is what the
Committee recommends, in general. He asked if it doesn't meet public safety requirements, would the
Committee make a recommendation for a second method? Ashman said the Committee should have a
backup plan. Louis asked if there were a date this fall to start this. Goodman-Herbst said it depends on
what method is used. She said that bow hunting can take place earlier than sharpshooting. Goodman-
Herbst said that September 1'~ would be the earliest possible date for bow hunting.
Jones said that population control is almost pointless if you cannot do a break-even. He said there are
two definitions of stabilize, one is to not have any new increase and the other is to bring the numbers
toward the desired goal. Goodman-Herbst said that most studies done on the places that have done this
have not shown great decreases for the first three years. She said the Committee is aware that it will take
a number of years to even stabilize the population.
Goodman-Herbst asked if the Committee wanted to consider the City as a whole with the 35 deer per
square mile in mind or wants to consider each area separately. Jones said it is within the Committee's
purview to look area by area and based on that, recommend a total, Rhodes said what the Committee
wanted to do was to encourage people to live with deer as much as possible.
Rhodes discussed the Finkbine area, saying there were six deer spotted there in 1997 and 31 deer
spotted there in 1999, the equivalent of 54 deer per square mile. She said that since Finkbine is located
very close to Clear Creek West and Clear Creek East, where there are also large numbers of deer, the
likelihood is that if that area where shooting could be done were cleared, nothing would need to be done
at Finkbine. Jones said he felt that the original Finkbine count was an undercount, because he was aware
of a fairly substantial number of deer there that were easily observed at various times of the year. He said
Deer Mgmt. Committee Minutes
June 16, 1999
Page 3
that the deer in that area tend to have fairly frequent movements through the Lincoln School property and
down toward the Peninsula. He said they probably go toward the Clear Creek area also.
Mollenhauer said the Committee is not spec'i~cally charged with making recommendations to the
Coralville City Council. She said that in looking at the map of counts, the areas the Committee should
focus on are the Peninsula, Hickory Hill/ACT, Dubuque to Dodge, and Dubuque to Highway One.
Goodman-Herbst suggested that the Committee concentrate on those areas this year. Rhodes said she
would agree with that suggestion.
Mollenhauer said that in the Peninsula area, sharpshooting can be used. She stated bow and arrow
hunting can be done anywhere sharpshooting can. Jim Jansen from the DNR confirmed this. Mollenhauer
said that trap and kill can be done in any of these areas. Jansen said bow hunting can also be done in
areas where sharpshooting cannot be done. Mollenhauer said that hunting in some of these areas
depends on whether the City has the ability to receive authorization from private property owners. She
said the City does not own large tracts of land in each of these areas.
Ashman asked if the Committee would stay with the number. Rhodes said the reason the Committee
made those numbers the way they were was because it was trying to halt ecological damage. She said
that in an area where flora is being damaged, if the numbers are not reduced now at the current level, the
numbers that will need to be reduced later will be significantly higher and more difficult to do.
Jones said there may be some landowners in these areas who would be happy to cooperate. He said it is
very clear that having something like this take place on private property would have to be at the request
of the landowner, not merely with their consent.
Rhodes said that if everyone agrees these are the four areas to examine, the Committee could go area
by area to identify what the concerns are in order to help decide what methods to be used and if deer
need to be reduced at all in those areas. Starting with the Peninsula, Rhodes said it is the easiest place to
sharpshoot and has the largest number of deer with the greatest chance of reducing deer there. She said
that that would probably not have much effect on her neighborhood, however. Jansen said the deer will
leave an area where they are being bothered. Mollenhauer said there is a great deal of construction going
on in the Peninsula already. Jansen said that when deer start to actually be killed, the other deer will
sense that and start to leave the area.
Jones said that the south Peninsula count is for 167 deer. He said that if half of the deer are female,
about 85, with each having one or two fawns a year, the potential new births next spring comes to 100.
Jones said that then means that removing 100 deer is just marking time. He said he was somewhat
squeamish about such numbers, but if the Committee is serious about reducing the population to
something sustainable, it needs to talk about numbers like that.
Seiberling asked what a sustainable figure would be. Jones said it is about one square mile, so the
Committee would want a population on the order of 30 to 35 deer there. He said that removing 100 deer
for break-even would leave 130 to be removed to hit target. Jones said the birth rate of deer is so high
that the difference between hitting the stable population and just breaking even is remarkably small.
Ashman said that if the Committee were looking at this from a narrow standpoint of effectively killing deer
and not looking at any of the moral dilemmas, the best time to reduce deer would be in the spring. Jansen
said the deer have fawns in them in the fall when sharpshooting is done also.
Regarding the Peninsula and the number that need to be removed, Mollenhauer stated that the City
Council has to have some idea what this will cost before people start shooting, and there needs to be a
maximum figure. Jones said the City Council needs to be told in blunt language the number that if you
take out less than, you'll have to do even more next year. He said that reducing over two years requires
killing 30% more and over three years requires killing twice as many.
Rhodes asked how many deer are reasonably believed to be in the Peninsula. Goodman-Herbst said the
Committee goes by the 154. Jones said that if 35 deer is a target population for the Peninsula, then killing
120 deer would result in that 35 figure. He said that 120 is a maximum but if the goal is to maintain 35, it
actually is the way to kill the fewest deer, to maintain that goal. Jones said that 120 is the maximum that it
would be responsible to kill if you wanted to maintain a steady population at the target level. He said that
the minimum you should hope to kill to avoid population growth, 30% of 154, is roughly 50 deer. Jones
said that taking out fewer than 50 results in a greater population next year than this year.
Deer Mgmt. Committee Minutes
June 16, 1999
Page 4
Regarding the Dubuque to Dodge area, Mollenhauer said the count was for 90 deer. Jones said that was
1.2 square miles, which could support around 40 deer. He said the maximum to be reduced for that area
would be 50 deer, and the minimum would be around 30 deer.
Jansen said the counts are what the DNR counted at one time in the winter. He said that to be realistic,
the City will want to take the deer wherever they can get them, with the sharpshooting. Jansen said the
goals will probably not be reached, but if they are, a decision can then be made to stop. He said that if
there is shooting only in those areas, there will be many areas around there that are not affected, and the
deer will filter back. He said a maximum number can be set and added that sharpshooting cannot be
used in all of the areas.
Rhodes said she sees only three areas where deer can be killed. She said she sees 227 deer as the
maximum to be killed, with 120 in the Peninsula, 57 in the ACT area, and 50 in the Hickory Hill area as
maximums. Rhodes said as minimums, she could see 50 .deer killed in the Peninsula, 40 deer in the ACT
area, and 30 deer in the Hickory Hill area in order to keep the same numbers as the City currently has.
Jones said the minimum numbers are important for effectiveness arguments. He said that if the chosen
method cannot remove the minimum in the stated period, then the method is not effective.
Ashman asked Committee members if the numbers made sense. Hendrix said the numbers did make
sense if the 35 deer per square mile were accepted as the target. He said he felt the 30% increase was a
safe assumption, as it has been documented.
Regarding bow and arrow hunting, Jansen discussed the effectiveness of the Dubuque hunt last year,
which was a first year hunt. He showed a map of the area, saying that if any of the areas did not have
some type of activity on them, they become a refuge, and the deer all end up there. Jansen said private
property owners should have the right to manage deer on their property, and if there are areas of no
activity, deer will gravitate to those areas where they are not being harassed. He said he has had two
complaints from Iowa City farmers, saying they are having difficulties raising crops because Iowa City is
not helping solve the deer problem.
Jansen distributed a brochure describing the Dubuque deer management plan, saying that there was no
opposition to the plan in Dubuque. He said the Dubuque plan basically lets landowners solve their own
problems. Jansen said that last year there was a five-acre minimum and this year a three-acre minimum,
so that three landowners with one acre each can get together and harvest deer off their properties to
solve their own problems.
Jansen said that bow hunting is very good because it gets into areas where nothing else except trap and
kill can be used. He said there might be a question of why Dubuque is so liberal when it comes to bow
hunting, but what it gets down to is money. Jansen said that bow hunting is a cheap way to solve some
problems. He said that Iowa City is in a different category because of the high number of deer and will,
therefore, need to use sharpshooting. Jansen said that Iowa City will also need to use bow hunting. He
said the City should use everything available, including education, repellents, barriers, and all the lethal
means the City can use to meet its objective.
Jones said the Dubuque plan specified that people check their deer into the fire station. Jansen confirmed
this, saying the deer are checked in to confirm that they are antlerless deer. He said it is an incentive
program to try to solve the problem. Jansen said Dubuque's objective is 20 deer per square mile. He said
the program worked, with stabilization after one year. Hendrix asked if bow hunting can be effective given
the large numbers of deer to be removed in Iowa City. Jansen said that because sharpshooting cannot be
used in all areas, there needs to be another method to address those areas. He said that even the activity
of having tree stands and hunters walking around will complement the sharpshooting. Jansen said that
leaving acres undisturbed will result in the deer taking refuge there, which will only make the job harder.
(Hendrix left the meeting at 8:03 p.m.)
Mollenhauer asked what this plan cost the City of Dubuque. Jansen did not know actual cost and referred
Mollenhauer to Mary Rose in Dubuque. Jansen said there were administrative costs for a class for the
hunters.
Deer Mgmt. Commi~ee Minutes
June 16,1999
Page 5
Jansen distributed a progress report for the Cedar Falls deer management plan. He said this is the first
year after five years where they have affected the population through bow hunting alone.
Mollenhauer asked how long it took to administratively set up the program in Dubuque. Jansen
responded that it did not take long; the City held a class for the bow hunters and signed them up, He said
that each city can set up the way it wants the program to run, within the guidelines of the bow hunting
season, which starts October 1. Jansen said he did not believe bow hunting alone would solve the
problem but wanted people to realize that it is an effective tool and is low cost.
Ashman asked if Cedar Falls also had a zone. Jansen said Cedar Falls had several zones. He said the
plan was very managed. Jansen said the hunters getting involved in this are proud of the program and
proud to be active in deer management. He said they inform the hunters that this is not recreation, that
the primary goal is population control. Jansen said there will have to be a maintenance program down the
road.
Louis said he hoped that if the City decided on bow hunting, there was a system of checking to see that
the hunters are qualified, Jansen said Dubuque required a ten-hour class to show shooting proficiency
and prove accuracy. He added that to say there won't be an incident is wrong, because there probably
will be. Jansen said there could also be an incident with sharpshooting, because it is not a perfect world.
Mollenhauer said the option of bow hunting was denied by this Committee last time. She said one reason
for that denial was because there was evidence from other communities that it was not very effective.
Jones agreed, saying that the crippling rates seem to be higher with bow hunting, although any method
could have its incidents. Mollenhauer said this brings up the community acceptance criterion.
Mollenhauer asked if there is any evidence that bow and arrow hunting demonstrates public safety
concern. Rhodes said the studies looked at regarding bow hunting did not turn up any major or minor
incidents.
Regarding the effectiveness of bow hunting, Jones said the question arises as to what density of bow
hunters shooting for how many days does it take to get anywhere. He stated that this is why even the
DNR has conceded that the numbers in the Peninsula are simply too large for bow hunting to do the job.
Jansen stated that 8 bow hunters got 43 deer in Dubuque. Jones said the eight hunters were scattered
around the Dubuque area. He said that eight hunters in the Peninsula would be within hollering distance
of each other, and it would be hard to achieve that kind of effectiveness.
Jansen said that at Eagle Point Park, the activity of the hunters did have an impact on that park's problem
areas. He stated that the Committee has an example in Kent Park as to what can be done to get the
numbers at a manageable level. Forbes asked how many years there has been shooting at Kent Park,
and Wilkinson said it has been four years.
Goodman-Herbst said one of the things that comes into play is that sharpshooting cannot take place
everywhere in the City. She said that to effectively deal with numbers of deer in places where another
method cannot be used, something has to happen. Jones said he did not see solid evidence in Iowa City
for the acceptance of bow hunting. Goodman-Herbst said she did not have a clearcut idea from the public
hearings held last year. She said a lot of attendees were hunters from the County. Goodman-Herbst said
the Committee is representative of the community, and the Committee is deciding this.
Ashman said one of the reasons the Committee didn't think bow hunting would work was that the
Committee did not want this to turn into a recreation hunting event. Mollenhauer said one concern she
had was that last year members of the Committee conceded that bow hunting would not be used because
they convincingly and appropriately discussed the issue of how quickly the deer die. She said that when
the sharpshooting program was stopped, callers were more willing to accept bow and arrow hunting,
because the ultimate goal was to reduce the deer population, and the problem was still there.
Mollenhauer said there was feedback that if bow hunting is the only option that will not be litigated, the
City may have to use it. She said that a lot of people were frustrated that the City did not have a backup
plan. She asked if sharpshooting again was to be stopped, does the Committee want bow hunting as a
back-up plan.
Rhodes said the Committee worked very hard to reach a consensus, and the fact that the choice was
foiled leaves the Committee little alternative. She said it was not a success for anyone that the City failed
Deer Mgmt. Committee Minutes
June 16,1999
Page 6
to kill the number of deer that should have been killed last year because now more have to be killed.
Rhodes stated that if the City does not have the ability to use the most humane and effective method,
deer still need to be killed. She said that although she may not like bow hunting or may not care about it,
it is the effective method remains. Rhodes said she is committed to reducing the deer herd because it is
logical. Ashman said she agrees to a point, but this is making the assumption that sharpshooting cannot
be used as a method, and she is not there yet.
Jones said the Committee has to answer the overall question of whether a method should be permitted in
any area before looking at whether it should be recommended in a particular area. Mollenhauer said the
Committee needs to state whether or not bow and arrow hunting is acceptable. Jones agreed with that
statement.
Goodman-Herbst said there is a concern that should the Committee approve sharpshooting again and a
legal action again take place, the City will again be left unable to do anything about the deer population.
She said the question then is should the Committee follow that same line or should the Committee do a
number of things and have some other options if something happens.
Jones said if the Committee wants bow hunting, it will have to open up the entire season, starting when
the bow hunting season begins. He said that only allowing bow hunting late in the season won't do any
good at all. Jones said that bow hunting can't be a fallback plan; it has to be something that happens
when the season opens so that the mechanisms are put in place. Goodman-Herbst said she was not
suggesting that bow hunting be used as a fallback plan; she said it would have to be planned out
beforehand. She said the point is that if the Committee came up with a determination on this plan in early
August and then a court action took place in August or September to prevent sharpshooting, then there is
no reason, if a bow hunting plan were in place, why it could not be used at that point in time.
Forbes asked if there would be a backup plan on sharpshooters i.e., if the Department of Agriculture is
recommended and that doesn't work, could there be different sharpshooters. Mollenhauer said the U.S.
Department of Agriculture was in the plan sent to the City Council, although that does not preclude the
City from using private people. She said there is no precedent in the State of Iowa for sharpshooting, so
that is why it is a little more susceptible to litigation. Mollenhauer said no one is more susceptible to
litigation than the federal government because they have to meet regulations private people do not. She
said the possibility of litigation lessens if the federal government is not involved, although it is not
excluded. Mollenhauer said an out of state sharpshooting contract may result in dealing with a court
system that is not in Iowa, which could result in even more problems and a period of delay.
Rhodes said she did not see how that could be overcome, because it is a tactical, political behavior that
causes the action to occur. Jones said the only way to make it work is to take the thing and run it right
through. He said that if someone raises the case again, the City has to run it through the courts. Jones
said if the City is going to do something with sharpshooting, the Committee has to put in place a plan with
that as the primary recommendation, and let it come to trial.
Ashman said to look at this from the standpoint of people who want it stopped; they are not saying that
they don't want sharpshooting but are saying that they don't want dead deer. She said the Committee has
decided that there will have to be dead deer and is now concentrating on what is the most humane,
moral, and effective way to kill them.
Jones said that if the City should lose the case for sharpshooting, it will put the kibosh on the whole idea
of sharpshooting in Iowa. He said that if the case is won, it will set a precedent allow something other
than bow hunting in Iowa. Rhodes said that if the case is tried outside the State it would be hard to keep it
a controlled situation. Jones said if the case is tried outside the State, it means the federal government is
involved. Mollenhauer said that if the City uses private contractors outside of Iowa, a case can be filed
outside the State.
SET DATE FOR NEXT MEETING:
Mollenhauer said this plan has to be taken to the Natural Resource Commission. Wilkinson said the
agenda for that Commission is set about ten days ahead of time, with the next meeting to be held on
August 12. Mollenhauer said that the plan has to be decided and public hearings held, with the
recommendations going on to City Council for a vote and more potential public hearings.
Deer Mgmt. Committee Minutes
June 16, 1999
Page 7
Goodman-Herbst said that George and Katherine Gay invited Committee members to see what is
happening on their property, and she asked members who would be interested to sign up for a visit.
Mollenhauer said that since this is an ad hoc committee, it would not be subject to the same open
meeting laws when a quorum of members is involved.
The next meeting was set for June 23 at 6:46 p.m.
PUBLIC COMMENT:
Ray Hanson asked if there were currently any openings on the Committee. Mollenhauer said there were
no current openings, but the City Council appoints members on a yearly basis.
Hanson said he was an avid bow hunter. He asked why the Committee thinks the sharpshooting plan will
go through again without litigation.
Hanson said a bow hunting system could be set up before sharpshooting ever begins so that there could
be some reduction before sharpshooting ever becomes an issue.
Hanson said he has hunted on the Glasgow property, and there are literally tons of deer there. He said he
was surprised no one was killed in an accident with a deer on the interstate this year and suggested that
the City might be liable for a serious accident.
Shannon Nelson said, regarding the DNR's ideas on bow hunting and the incentive program, that the
Committee should look at the incentive program. She said that if the Committee doesn't want to send a
message to the public that this is hunting, then it should not recommend bow hunting. Nelson said an
incentive program would draw hunters from all over Iowa as well as out of state. Jansen said out of state
residents are not allowed to participate in these programs.
Nelson urged the Committee to look at the liability issues. She said the USDA has its own liability but
asked how it would work with the City. Jansen said the hunters sign a waiver.
Ashman asked Nelson which she would choose if she had no choice other than bow hunting or
sharpshooting, and Nelson said shewould choose sharpshooting.
Elijah McNeish commented that the deer line could include answers to frequently asked questions.
McNeish asked why the Committee did not review the non-lethal methods. Mollenhauer said those
methods have been reviewed at previous meetings. McNeish said he thought the Committee should
reconsider education in a more comprehensive way.
McNeish asked what basis the Committee has used to determine that lethal methods are needed.
Goodman-Herbst said the Committee has determined that the numbers are too high generally in the City
and that the numbers need to be reduced. McNeish asked if contraception could be used. Rhodes said
contraception is not legal nor effective at this point.
McNeish asked about the possibility of the City being part of the contraception study. Goodman-Herbst
said that so far, the Humane Society has picked very specific areas to study, areas that are surrounded
by water or a land mass that make the area very controlled. Jones said that is done so that people do not
end up eating meat from a deer that contained experimental drugs.
Mollenhauer said there was an article on defensive driving in the Press-Citizen that included the
suggestion that it be incorporated into drivers' education courses. She said she contacted Pat Highland at
the school district, who was open to receiving information to include in the local classes.
ADJOURNMENT:
The meeting was adjourned at 8:55 p.m.
mg~min/deer6-16-99,doc
MINUTES
IOWA CITY/CORALVI LLE DEER MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 23, 1999 - 6:45 P.M.
IOWA CITY CIVIC CENTER - COUNCIL CHAMBERS
FINAL
MEMBERS PRESENT:
Jan Ashman, Charlie Duffy, Pat Farrant, Loren Forbes, Ron Fort,
Misha Goodman-Herbst, Steve Hendrix, Doug Jones, Lisa
Mollenhauer, Judy Rhodes, Nancy Seiberling
MEMBERS ABSENT: Scott Larson, Bud Louis
OTHERS PRESENT:
Ray Hanson, Stacey Kane, Elijah McNeish, Clay Foley, Florence
Boos, Keith Stepanek, Joe Wilkinson, Jim Jansen, Elijah McNiesh
CALLTO ORDER:
Chairperson Goodman-Herbst called the meeting to order at 6:52 p.m.
DEERLINE:
Goodman-Herbst said the deer line is up and running. Mollenhauer will organize calls by
management district because that is how the counts are done and how management techniques
are looked at. She said the calls give a good idea of the knowledge people have and what the
Committee may need to emphasize in its educational material.
Mollenhauer said a press release regarding the deer line went out on Monday. She said it is
also run as a sequencer on Government Channel 4. Mollenhauer said the City Community
News section will include an update on deer management that she, Rhodes, and Ashman
worked on, and the deer line is mentioned in that also.
Rhodes said she thought the deer line was a wonderful idea. Mollenhauer said she increased
the time limit for the caller's comments from 90 seconds to three (or five) minutes.
Mollenhauer distributed an Associated Press article that she has been receiving calls about
from all over the country.
LETHAL MANAGEMENT METHODS:
Mollenhauer distributed a map summarizing the committee's kill numbers by management
district decided at its last meeting.
Goodman-Herbst said the Committee was still discussing bow hunting at its last meeting.
Jones said it is worthwhile to draw out the rationales for and against bow hunting. He said one
argument is that there needs to be a fallback position to control the deer problem and that bow
hunting is a viable fallback position. He said a second argument is that the threat of bow hunting
needs to be held up in order to deter lawsuits, on the theory that bow hunting will be more
offensive to the people who might sue than sharpshooting, and having this more offensive
method on the table might deter a lawsuit. Jones said the other thing is that having the more
offensive method on the table, because there is some precedence for bow hunting in the State,
it would be extremely hard to challenge that; therefore, having a sharpshooting plan in place
would look perhaps preferable to something that would be very hard to challenge because of
the established precedents within the State.
Iowa City/Coralville Deer Mgmt. Committee Minutes
June 23,1999
Page 2
Jones said a third argument, which is an anti-bow hunting position, is simply that bow hunting is
inhumane by one standard or another. Jones stated that the fourth position is that including bow
hunting in the menu of options would almost guarantee that bow hunting would be the only
option, simply because all the other options are so easy to challenge. He said that if someone is
going to challenge the program, challenging the sharpshooting in courts while bow hunting is in
place ends up being much easier because one can argue that there is already a legal option, so
why is this additional one needed. Jones said that if the position as a challenger of the plan is to
minimize the number of deer killed, allowing a limited bow hunt in City limits, while preventing an
efficient sharpshooting plan, could lead to continued ineffective population control, simply
because there are so many hundreds of deer in such a limited area.
Farrant asked where the discussion of finding an alternative method of sharpshooting went. She
said her understanding was that the reason sharpshooting was terminated was that someone
figured out USDA's Wildlife Services failed to do necessary environmental impact studies. Jones
said that question is still on the table. Farrant said her understanding has been from the
beginning that the hunt was halted for administrative reasons. Mollenhauer stated it was based
on allowance of public comment. She said people also did not know at the time that for many
animal rights activists, Wildlife Services raises a red flag because it is just the renamed Predator
Control, which some have found an offensive connection. Farrant asked where the thought of
finding an alternative means of doing the sharpshooting is.
Mollenhauer said that if the sharpshooting team comes from Connecticut, a suit could be filed in
Connecticut. Mollenhauer said that anyone can file any kind of lawsuit they choose. The quotes
that came from the people who filed on a federal level last time indicated that if they could not
have used the administrative angle, they would have tried something else.
Mollenhauer said she had a discussion earlier in the day with Ed Hartin regarding the May 18th
mediation. She said there was apparently agreement on some items, including a 30-day
comment period, and a compromise to a 15-day period between when activity was signed off by
the regional director and when it actually started. Mollenhauer said that right now they are just
waiting for the general counsel attorney, Pamela West, to file it. She added that none of the
mediation had anything to do specifically with Iowa City. Mollenhauer said Hartin did not have
any advice on whether the Committee should look at working with the USDA again.
Jones said that if the purpose is to stop the killing of deer, the litigantswill look for the cheapest
route each time around, which was the procedural route this time around. Mollenhauer said the
USDA is more susceptible to lawsuits because it has more hoops to jump through. Jones stated
that once they have jumped through those hoops, they may actually be more resistant because
they are the federal government.
Regarding Farrant's question, Rhodes said the Committee had agreed to review and revisit with
the DNR all of the methods for killing deer based on the three criteria: the method had to be
effective, accepted by the community, and safe. She said the Committee has started to review
the methods. Given what Jones said about the relationship between a choice for bow hunting
and the issues surrounding sharpshooting, Rhodes said it may be better for the Committee to
look at sharpshooting first and to follow that by looking at the other methods.
MOTION: Hendrix moved to start discussion of the lethal methods with sharpshooting. Ashman
seconded the motion. The motion carried unanimously.
Goodman-Herbst asked Fort if he knew of anyone in Iowa who could be hired to do
sharpshooting. Fort said he did not know of any such legal group. Mollenhauer said a group of
hobbyists talked to her when USDA sharpshooters were stopped. Rhodes asked about using
Iowa City/Coralville Deer Mgmt. Committee Minutes
June 23,1999
Page 3
the Oakdale guards, as had been discussed at one time. Mollenhauer said that again, these
people do not have experience in sharpshooting. She said it is important to have people who
know what they're doing. Farrant said it would be the same thing with bow hunting.
Goodman-Herbst asked who the other groups were who might be available to do this.
Mollenhauer said she had received letters from four or five agencies around the country. She
said they were wildlife management agencies, private groups who are working for profit.
Mollenhauer added that the USDA was charging expenses only. She said the Committee needs
to realize that private sharpshooters will be more expensive. Mollenhauer said she had a call in
to Jay McAninch, who has knowledge of the private sharpshooting agencies, to get an estimate
of the cost per deer. Goodman-Herbst asked if these agencies could be contacted to get a
price. Mollenhauer said a lot of them would want to know more about the situation, but she
could get estimates from them.
Hendrix said the Committee should talk about whether there is some inherent logic or other
reasons to use sharpshooting before discussing where the deer are and how much the cost is
per deer. He said he has not heard a consensus on whether or not the Committee wants to do
sharpshooting. Hendrix said the safety issue is one that the Committee gets assistance and
advice on from other people. He said the effectiveness issue has been discussed ad nauseum;
from what he has heard, sharpshooting is the most effective way for these large numbers of
deer. Regarding acceptance by the community, Hendrix said the Committee needs to
demonstrate that the Committee does not look at this as recreation but as reducing large
numbers of animals in the most efficient way possible. He said the alternatives to
sharpshooting, trapping and contraceptives, are methods that might be acceptable in the future
but are not working now. Hendrix said that trap and relocate seems to be a hoax, because so
much irreparable damage is done to the animals. He said that some of the things he has heard
about bow hunting this year suggest that when the herd sizes get down closer to a maintenance
level, bow hunting may be a more feasible option.
Mollenhauer said that sharpshooting cannot be done in all areas. She asked if sharpshooting
cannot be done in areas four and five because of safety reasons, would the Committee want to
offer an alternative. Rhodes said the Committee recognizes that that area is more difficult. She
said that bow hunting is probably possible in that area, but if bow hunting is eliminated, trap and
kill is the only alternative. Rhodes said trap and kill is very ineffective and will be expensive.
Hendrix said that since this is a numbers reduction program, the reduction of deer should be
done as effectively, efficiently, and quickly as it can safely be done. He said that if that requires
bow hunting in areas four and five, then he is for bow hunting in areas four and five. Ashman
said that if it is not humane, she did not want to be doing it. Fort said he thinks the Committee
should let the City Council have the option. He said he thought bow hunting should begin
October 1, and the sharpshooters should take over if and when the State allows it to be done.
Fort said the City Council should have the public hearings to make the determination as to
whether the public will accept bow hunting.
Farrant asked what happened to the agreement that the Committee did not want any part of this
task to be recreational. Rhodes said the animal rights people stopped the process. Farrant said
those people caused the problem but asked if the Committee now had to change its behavior
because of their actions. Rhodes said there is an effectiveness problem. She said that bow
hunting is going to be inhumane by the definitions and the understanding that the Committee
had last year. In terms of public acceptance, Jones said it is easy to make the argument that if
deer have to be killed, sharpshooting is the most humane alternative. He said that leaves open
to political debate the question of whether it has to be done; there will be a lot of people who will
argue strongly that it doesn't have to be done. Jones said that if one accepts that numbers of
Iowa City/Coralville Deer Mgmt. Committee Minutes
June 23,1999
Page 4
deer have to be killed, sharpshooting comes in as the most humane and probably the most
effective method, as long as the safety constraints can be met.
Rhodes said the understanding last year was that if the City could get the 240 deer out of the
Peninsula, the likelihood would have been that the number of deer in areas four and five would
likely have been reduced because they would gravitate over in that direction. Jones said they
would gravitate but it would not happen quickly. He thought the population in areas four and five
would continue to grow, even if the Peninsula were hunted. Rhodes said she agreed that that
was probably true.
Jones said that areas four and five have some big empty fields. Rhodes said there is also a big
open area behind Shimek School.
Hendrix said the question is whether the Committee will recommend bow hunting as a fallback
option in areas where sharpshooting is not feasible. Farrant said that it was inserted in the plan
at the penultimate moment to get something approved at a meeting that went very late. She
said the Committee did not really come to consensus on that but came to as a last resort when
it was voted on. Farrant said she abstained from the vote because she felt it was a railroad job.
She said she did not feel the Committee came to include bow hunting in the long-term plan at
one of last year's meetings by any sort of rationale acceptance but rather by default. Farrant
said she thinks that defaulting to it now because it was included at the penultimate moment last
year is misrepresenting all of the discussion that went on up to that point, discussion in which
the Committee didn't want to include it. She said the Committee would be betraying what it did
last year if it did not exhaust every sharpshooting option and any other option. Farrant said she
would rather see deer poisoned than have them shot with bow and arrows and have them run
around the City with arrows sticking out of them.
Jones said the Committee should actually take a vote on one of the methods and should
probably consider sharpshooting first. Mollenhauer said she has heard some arguments against
sharpshooting. She said one issue is safety; people are still concerned about high-powered
rifles being discharged in the City limits. Mollenhauer said that is one reason the Committee
wants someone experienced. She said the other argument is cost. People have argued in the
past that the City would spend too much money on sharpshooting. Mollenhauer said the cost for
sharpshooting could range from $175 to $500 per deer, indicating the cost factor cannot be
completely ignored. She said the Committee will need to help the City Council address these
issues.
Mollenhauer said she could not give exact costs because she did not want to put out requests
for proposals until the Committee has a plan approved by the City Council. Goodman~Herbst
said that City Council approved the costs last year. Mollenhauer said those were very
reasonable costs because the charge was for expenses only. Goodman-Herbst said the
Committee should be able to at least get a ballpark figure from some of the contractors.
Mollenhauer asked if the cost would affect the decision. Rhodes said it would; Goodman-Herbst
said it certainly might, if the difference is from $175 to $500. Hendrix said it always comes back
to how many deer the City will be able to eliminate. He said the City Council is going to say that
X number can be eliminated due to cost constraints, and the Committee indicates that number
is not large enough, an alternative may have to be considered. Mollenhauer said she would call
the groups directly to get some idea of what the costs would be.
Rhodes said the Committee worked over the humane issue well enough issue last year to know
that the consensus was that sharpshooting is the most merciful death. She said that would be
her first choice where it is effective and possible, with the understanding that if it turns out to be
so expensive as to be ineffective, then the Committee will have to look at alternatives. Rhodes
Iowa City/Coralville Deer Mgmt. Committee Minutes
June 23, 1999
Page 5
said the Committee is in a position where it probably cannot use USDA people to do this, which
was the most cost-effective way. She said it looks different if the City will limit the Committee
and not enough deer can be shot, because every year this is let go, the numbers get larger.
Mollenhauer said there was an estimate that by having sharpshooting stopped last year, it cost
the City an extra $30,000 to just get back to where it would have been had it been allowed to
continue.
Jones said that every delay ends up arguing for two alternatives - one is to do nothing and allow
the urban environment to be trashed, and the other is bow hunting, which is the one that comes
in cheap by distributing the cost over the hunters who put in hours and equipment and fees.
Forbes said the City could pay for the $10 license expense of the bow hunters, and that would
be its only expense.
Mollenhauer asked if there were a consensus on sharpshooting. The unanimous decision of the
Committee was that at this point, with the information the Committee currently has,
sharpshooting is still the number one option for reducing the deer population where it is safe
and effective.
Duffy said that a $400 or $500 cost per deer would change that. Rhodes said that if the costis
too high, the method would then be ineffective, negating it as the number one option.
Farrant asked if the USDA were completely out of the picture with regard to sharpshooting.
Mollenhauer said she did not know. She said that Ed Hartin is unwilling to commit to anything
right now. Mollenhauer said Hartin cannot guarantee that a sharpshooting plan this year would
meet a different fate, Committee members said they knew they could not get a guarantee but
asked if Hartin were willing to try. Mollenhauer said she would talk to him.
Regarding trap and kill, Fort said he would prefer not to use that method. He said it is not
effective. Fort said someone needs to monitor the trap or the deer could be in the trap from 20
minutes to several hours. He said that someone has to kill the animal in the trap, and then
someone has to deal with the carcass. Fort added that the traps are heavy.
Goodman-Herbst said she was not sure that the net traps the Committee had talked about using
would be safe in the neighborhoods where they would need to be used. She stated that box
traps are very heavy and cumbersome, and it was decided last year not to use box traps.
Rhodes said she thought last year's discussion had gone differently. Goodman-Herbst said that
cloverleaf are netted traps, not boxes. Wilkinson said there were discussions last year of
cloverleaf dropnet traps, which he believed the Committee settled onto be used if traps had to
be used. Goodman-Herbst confirmed this. She said she was concerned about people getting in
these traps.
Jones said, assuming the monitoring is sufficiently frequent to ensure a reasonable level of
humaneness, this should not pose a threat to a person because monitoring sufficient to ensure
the safety of deer would do the same thing for people. Fort asked who would monitor the traps.
He stated that a type of portable burglar alarm could be used once in a while. Mollenhauer said
that when she visited a home with a severe problem in an area where sharpshooting could not
be done, the property owners, who were retired, volunteered to monitor the traps.
Jansen said the latest research he has read regarding trapping in an area of St. Louis showed a
20% mortality rate due to trap myopathy, the condition in which the deer are so stressed out that
even though they are released, they die anyway. Jones asked what the frequency of trap
monitoring was in that plan, Jansen said he would get the information regarding that plan to the
Committee for the next meeting. He said it was a trap and relocate program and the cost was
Iowa City/Coralville Deer Mgmt. Committee Minutes
June 23,1999
Page 6
$350 per animal, and they got 70 deer. Goodman-Herbst said she did not know how accessible
the traps would be, and they might have to be built. Rhodes said the intention at that time was
to use the trap and kill method in situations where there is a very localized problem, like along a
creek where deer might have caused difficulties. She said the Committee was not thinking of
using trap and kill as a method of reducing herd size but just for controlling human/deer conflict
in an area where there was a specific problem.
Goodman-Herbst said the other way of doing that is to immobilize the animals and euthanize
them. She said the deer could then most likely not be used for meat. Goodman-Herbst said
someone could be hired to do it, as there are agencies and individuals who do that sort of work.
She said she would check on the cost. Mollenhauer questioned whether the DNR would allow
something like this. Jansen said he did not know. Wilkinson said that in Waterloo there have
been experiments with darting deer from a blind but only in order to put radio collars on them.
He said the deer have to be very close to the blind. Mollenhauer suggested it would be the
same cost as sharpshooting but could be done in areas where sharpshooting could not.
Mollenhauer said the other issue with regard to traps is what should be done if a buck is caught
in a trap.
Mollenhauer asked if Committee members wanted to pursue the trapping method. Several
Committee members said they did not. Ashman said she might be interested in pursuing dart
and kill and would like to find out more about it. Goodman-Herbst said that if there is an injured
deer in town, Animal Control will dart it and euthanize it. Mollenhauer said that is only for an
isolated incident, not population reduction. She said the DNR would need to approve the
method for deer population management.
Mollenhauer asked for a show of hands from people interested in pursuing trap and kill, and no
one was interested. She said that if anyone were interested in pursuing the dart and euthanasia,
it would have to go through the Natural Resources Commission. Farrant said the reason the
Committee put in trap and kill was for the localized, specific problem area. She asked what
would be left if the Committee dumps that out as an option.
Fort said the dart method would work better than trapping. Goodman-Herbst said that the
animals don't go down right away. She said that when they are darted, they have to be tracked.
Goodman-Herbst said the dart would be for immobilization, and then the animal would be killed
by a shot to the head or by injection. Fort said this would involve perhaps three deer a year.
Goodman-Herbst agreed it would not be many deer.
Hendrix said the Committee should be dealing with population control, and there are already
methods in place to deal with problem deer. Goodman-Herbst said that in areas like the one
where Rhodes lives, there may be more than one deer, and sharpshooting cannot be done
there. She said this is an example of an alternative method. Rhodes said that in areas where
the deer population was between 25 and 35 and there were significant numbers of complaints
from the community, the Committee planned to look at those areas case by case and decide
what to do in that area. She said that is when the Committeethought that trap and kill would be
the best method to use.
Mollenhauer said the Committee is not talking about any areas where there are 25 to 35 deer to
be killed, so unless the Committee wants to expand the district area, this method would not
apply to any of these areas. Rhodes agreed that it would not apply this year. She said that once
pressure is applied to the outside areas, some deer will move to the inside areas.
Iowa City/Coralville Deer Mgmt. Committee Minutes'
June 23,1999
Page 7
Goodman-Herbst said she would get more information about the dart and kill method to see if it
is even feasible and would report back to the Committee at the next meeting.
Regarding other management methods, Rhodes stated that the Committee rejected the trap
and relocate method, and immunocontraceptives cannot yet be used, because they are not
legal. Mollenhauer said she is trying to get a definitive statement about that fact from a credible
source in order to educate the public, because people continue to raise contraception as an
option. Mollenhauer said the use of immunocontraception once it is available is a separate issue
from spending money to conduct studies. She said that in the studies she has read, it was
animal protection people, Humane Society, etc., that have organized the studies. Mollenhauer
said the City would not necessarily have to do that. She said once it is an approved method it
should be considered, but questioned if the City should be in the business of conducting
scientific studies of drugs.
Ashman asked if the Committee would be willing to have someone come here to conduct such
studies. Jones said the City would have to underwrite a considerable chunk of the cost.
Mollenhauer said she would get a definitive statement about immunocontraception. Wilkinson
suggested contacting Allen Rutberg because the Humane Society is using such drugs in
isolated places. Mollenhauer said she would contact Allen. Rhodes said that for education
purposes, people don't understand that the deer can't be kept inside a fence, and if a drug that
could affect those consuming the meat is shot into a deer, there will be problems.
Goodman-Herbst said that is not an issue anymore. She said the Committee needs to give the
City Council the criteria for using immunocontraception in a study area, and then the City
Council can choose whether or not to spend the money to be a test site. Goodman-Herbst said
the Humane Society has not chosen to use Iowa City as a test site, but the City Council could
approach the Humane Society. She said that the criteria no longer contain a requirement for a
controlled deer herd. She said the testing has just started to be done in a non-controlled way.
Regarding bow hunting, Hendrix said that a year ago he was pretty much against bow hunting
for a variety of reasons. He didn't think it was particularly effective, and it had the potential to be
unsafe if it didn't have pretty strict controls. He said he still has questions about the level of
humanity involved in the process. Hendrix stated that he has heard things this year to cause him
to reconsider some things, and he is beginning to think that there may be ways to construct a
bow hunt that would be safe and somewhat effective. He said the Committee should look at
formulating a reasonable plan that might be able to be implemented down the road. Hendrix
said it would take a considerable amount of time to hammer through the considerations of what
it would take. He said he is at a point where he would at least like to talk about bow hunting
more. Hendrix said data from the DNR regarding Dubuque and other areas make it sound like it
could be effective. Hendrix said he is a part of the Committee in order to see that the deer are
reduced to a level where the natural vegetation is not being completely destroyed, which is what
is happening now. He said that if bow hunting can meet the three criteria, he is willing to try to
put together a plan to make it happen.
Ashman asked if Hendrix wanted to go with a plan whether or not it is humane. Hendrix stated
that with good hunters, bow hunting is probably not too much worse than sharpshooting. He
thought the animals could be brought down pretty quickly with experienced people, and much of
the information suggests that bow hunting is probably not all that much down the scale. Hendrix
said there were some concerns last year about the number of deer hit in some of the hunts that
remained unaccounted for, and he would like to have more details about that.
Iowa City/Coralville Deer Mgmt. Committee Minutes
June 23, 1999
Page 8
Farrant said she would be more convinced if there were a report available that was not written
by an archery or bow hunting interest but by a reliable third party. Jones stated that the only
people who study a subject are the people who are interested in it or the people who are
adamantly opposed to it.
Mollenhauer asked if there were any statistics kept on the Dubuque hunt, and if so, who kept
them. Jansen said the City kept that information. Goodman-Herbst said that a lot of information
received by the Committee supported what people already thought, that there was a lot of
wounding going on. She said it has been acknowledged in some cases that numbers haven't
always been kept very well.
Farrant said that of all of the related issues that were addressed and agreed to that allowed
even those who don't favor killing of any kind to accept a certain level of killing, a lot of it had to
do with not wanting to impose inhumane methods or methods that allow the Committee to
appear to be supporting a recreational opportunity. She said she feels the Committee may be
drifting back to that without really thinking it through.
Jones said the information on the trapping methods is sounding less positive than it did last year
and the year before. He said it is now beginning to sound like it would not be impossible to
make an argument that bow hunting would be more humane than the various trap and slaughter
methods. Jones said he suspected that a trapping program could be run that would be more
humane than bow hunting, but it is also pretty clear that the opposite could be done. He said the
Committee has said no to trap and kill because of the effectiveness and the new questions
about the humanity. Jones said that this time around, the Committee is hearing enough
information about both bow hunting and trap and slaughter methods that makes each of them
sound sort of questionable. He said that, on average, trapping seems to be no better than bow
hunting.
Jones said that if 20% of the animals are dying in traps, that isn't a very humane method. He
said some people gave the Committee great assurances last year that trapping involved the
deer just standing there eating the bait. Jones said if that were true, if the animals show no
response to being trapped, it would be an appealing alternative. He said that at this point, the
Committee has received mixed messages, and he would like to see more information about
trapping. Jones said the Committee should revisit that when it receives some evidence one way
or the other. He said he is hearing that bow hunting is not obviously worse than trap and kill
methods, and on that basis, he is less negatively inclined than last year but is really not positive.
Jones said that when there is a ranking of alternatives and something like bow hunting begins to
fall into second place, then it may actually be a viable solution to the low-density deer population
control problem in developed areas where sharpshooting cannot take place. He said there is
nothing in second place yet; the Committee has sharpshooting or nothing.
Rhodes said she has considered what has changed since last year and why her position may
be different. She said she has learned a lot about deer behavior in a year and is much more
aware of management concerns in a different way than she was last year. Rhodes said that last
year the issue of a humane way to deal with this had to do with morals and community
acceptance. She said that at that time, the only people coming to the meetings were people who
felt that the killing of deer was inhumane and should not be done. Rhodes stated that since that
time she has heard from many people in the community who hold different positions. She said
that makes a difference in her mind about community acceptance.
Rhodes said she has also learned about numbers and the alarming rate at which deer can
increase in an area. She said she knows now much better than last year what devastation those
deer can do in an area when their population gets so large. Rhodes said she is still very much in
Iowa Cit~Coralville Deer Mgmt. Commiffee Minutes
June 23,1999
Page 9
favor of sharpshooting and believes it to be the most humane and most effective way to reduce
numbers in the herd. She said she never espoused the whole idea that the Committee had to be
totally humane, but the Committee reached a consensus to make a workable plan. Rhodes said
she is changing her position because she sees inherent problems in sitting with one idea, and
while the Committee talks from an ivory tower about what is humane and what is not, the deer
are reproducing. She stated that the 78 deer that were there are now 95 and will be 120. She
said that the Committee can talk forever, but it does nothing about the problem. Rhodes said
she has to move from abstract discussion to practicality, She said that practicality tells her that
her neighborhood, with 78 deer per square mile, is going to be incredibly overrun by next year.
Rhodes said she is unwilling to sit in the position of approving sharpshooting and then having it
stopped over and over again. She stated that at some point disease and starvationwill take the
herd. Rhodes said she would rather see bow hunting approved than to have an entire herd die.
She asked at what number the Committee would get practical and do something.
Farrant said the Committee still keeps straying from the heart of the matter, which is that the
plan hit an administrative snag, and a way has to be found to unsnag that. Rhodes asked
Farrant if she had a way to undo it. Mollenhauer said it wasn't the Committee's or City's issue
but rather a USDA procedural issue. Rhodes said it was entirely out of the Committee's hands.
Mollenhauer said it could be again even if private people were hired. Mollenhauer said that
since there was only one option and it was out of the City's hands, the Committee may want to
have something else to fall back on that is not so susceptible to being stopped. She said the
issue is whether the Committee wants the plan to be all one way or nothing, or does it want to
have a mixed pot.
Rhodes said she would like the Committee to spend time figuring out how to get past those
administrative snags. Farrant said that reduced to their smallest terms, itmay still be possible to
potentially overcome them. She said that if that is the case, the Committee is back to where it
started last year with a list of options that most members agreed to.
Rhodes said the situation has clearly changed. She said there are more deer and more
questions about whether a lawsuit can be overcome. She stated that a lawsuit does not even
have to be meaningful to cause the sharpshooting to stop. Rhodes said the process of law goes
so slowly that the window of time is gone before anything is resolved.
Hendrix said he agreed with Rhodes. He said the numbers have changed to make this a much
bigger problem, and he feels that if sharpshooting is put on hold again, he would like another
option to move to immediately to make something happen. Hendrix said that is one of the
reasons he is willing to consider bow hunting. Jones said another reason to want an alternative
is to avoid a guerrilla action, with people going out and shooting on their own. Hendrix said there
were rumors to that effect, but he saw no documented evidence of that.
Ashman said she continues to think of these animals as individuals. She said the large number
of deer is not their fault but is our fault, because of what we have done to this environment. She
said the deer were here first, and she prized each of them as individuals. Ashman said that if
they are going to die, she would like to see them die in the most humane way possible. She said
she did not think that was abstract, and she was not particularly sentimental about this. Ashman
said she faces this every day and that people in animal protection make decisions about life and
death every day. She said that when one has to make a decision that an animal is going to die,
it is usually because there was some stupid human involved. Ashman said she gets the same
visceral feeling about this, and that is why she will be a witness for a humane method.
Iowa City/Coralville Deer Mgmt. Commi~ee Minutes
June 23,1999
Page 10
Forbes said that as deer multiply, there will be more vehicle accidents involving deer, and they
don't die immediately when they get hit by a car. 'He said that was not even close to being
humane, and Ashman agreed.
Mollenhauer asked if the Committee wanted to pursue a bow hunting option at all as an
alternative, wanted to consider offering it as a supplement along with sharpshooting, or wanted
to offer it only in the case that the most humane method the Committee selects is not able to be
used. Jones suggested taking public comment before taking a straw poll on the issue.
Hendrix said he was not yet ready to eliminate bow hunting. He said he would like to review all
the information he has received regarding bow hunting and would like to receive more
information about hunts in other cities. Hendrix said he would also like to have public comment
first.
Before public comment, Mollenhauer reported that she had a call from a farmer in Eden Prairie,
Minnesota. She said this farmer raises and feeds deer and does not sell them. Mollenhauer said
he wants to capture the fawns in Iowa City because he says it is not inhumane to do so at this
age. He said they could be penned at animal control, and once a week he would pick them up
and pay the City $25 per deer. Fort said that constituted several violations of State law.
Mollenhauer said she knew the DNR was very opposed to putting wild deer in private hands.
She said she would tell him that the Committee did not endorse such a plan.
EDUCATION COMPONENTS:
Mollenhauer asked if Committee members would be in favor of the production of a video on
deer management and education methods that could be checked out from the library, run on the
government channel, and checked out by schools. She said the content could include whatever
member decided. Jones said an educational video really should show pictures of a bow hunting
kill and pictures of a sharpshooting kill. Hendrix said it could show the destruction of vegetation
behind the Mayflower. Ashman and Rhodes agreed to help Mollenhauer with a video project
over the course of the summer.
PUBLIC COMMENT:
Ray Hanson said he has been a bow hunter for 15 years. He said he was not at the meeting as
a bow hunting advocate but was concerned about how this group was handling this situation in
its second year.
Hanson said he put together a quick survey and distributed it to 38 Iowa City citizens, with about
an even mix of women, men, hunters, and non-hunters. He said the first questions was, "Should
the City of Iowa City spend thousands of taxpayers' dollars on a deer control plan that the
Committee admits will not be successful?" Hanson asked Jansen, to back up the question, if a
sharpshooting plan alone would solve the City's problem. Jansen said it would not. Hanson said
that 38 out of 38 people said that the City should not spend money on a plan that will not
address the problem.
Hanson said his second question was, "Which of the following would you like to see the City
spend extra tax dollars on annually: City parks, road/pothole repair, deer control, donations to
charitable organizations, a new pedestrian mall fountain, or any combination of the above?"
Hanson said there was one deer control response, one response for a pedestrian mall fountain,
with the rest being combinations or write-ins for tax relief.
Iowa City/Coralville Deer Mgmt. Committee Minutes
June 23, 1999
Page 11
Hanson said the third question was, "Knowing that the State DNR promotes urban bow hunting
for deer control, and if potential bow hunters were required to pass a safety and shooting
proficiency test to obtain an urban deer tag, would you object to this method being used in the
four problem areas?" He asked Jansen if bow hunting is the only legal tool in Iowa for urban
deer control on the books right now. Jansen said it is the legal method, but the City was allowed
to sharpshooting last year under special circumstances. Hanson said that 36 out of 38 people
polled said they would not object. He said he did his survey where he works and asked the
questions only of Iowa City residents.
Hanson said he takes personal offense when someone says that the DNR finds bow hunting
inhumane. He said that is an untrue statement. Hanson said he also found the statement that
poisoning is more humane than bow hunting offensive. Farrant pointed out that that was not an
accurate reiteration of what she said.
Hanson said it is not accurate to threaten bow hunting as an offensive process. He said he
wanted to be an advocate of seeing some good City politics occur. Hanson said the Committee
was not taking advantage of informational sources that are sitting right in the same room. He
said that there is obviously a group of people who will not endorse bow hunting, but there is a
group of people that probably will. Hanson said that if the Committee is going to vote on it, they
should vote on it. He said the majority should rule.
Goodman-Herbst pointed out that the Committee has a huge notebook full of information, the
majority of which came from sources like the DNR and other wildlife/biological sources.
Rhodes said that for people who are coming to their first meetings now, it would be difficult to
imagine what the Committee went through last year, She said that members came from so
many different directions, so that the work done to reach the kind of consensus the Committee
came to was really amazing.
Stacey Kane, 1010 West Benton Street, said she is a local teacher and has lived in Iowa City for
ten years. She said she opposes lethal methods to control the deer population. Kane said she
had a great deal of information about why there isn't' an overpopulation of deer, which she would
provide to Mollenhauer for distribution before the next meeting.
Kane said that no matter how many deer are killed, therewill still always be deer eating plants
or being hit by cars. She said that unless they are all eliminated, there will still be problems, and
she asked the Committee to take that into consideration,
Elijah McNeish, 425 Hawkeye Court, said he opposes bow hunting because it is very inhumane.
He said that he has heard that about 50% of the deer killed by bow hunting are crippled.
McNeish said that a lot of the deer aren't found for a long time so that they die a slow death
from blood loss. He said that sharpshooting would be better than bow hunting, and he did not
think the City should permit bow hunting.
Joe Wilkinson said that the term sharpshooting is not interchangeable with the word hunting. He
also asked the press to keep in mind that therefore sharpshooters are not hunters and hunters
are not sharpshooters.
Clay Foley, 612 E. Court Street, said, regarding sharpshooting, he realized there was more
discussion to come. He said to the people who are sitting on the fence now, that he would not
base his vote on what someone else is willing to possibly do or on other people's actions. He
urged Committee members to vote their consciences. Foley said he was speaking for himself
and not for the Animal Coalition.
Iowa City/Coralville Deer Mgmt. Committee Minutes
June 23, 1999
Page 12
Ashman asked Foley if animals have to die would he rather see them die by sharpshooting than
by bow hunting. Foley confirmed this.
Florence Boos, 1427 Davenport Street, said she was disappointed that the Committee is going
ahead with the non-educational and non-constructive parts of the plan. She said she heard a
valuable thing in the discussion of a way of participating in the Humane Society contraception
studies. Boos said that it might cost the City about $400 per deer to sharpshoot, so we should
think about being willing to contribute that to a group that is working on a long-term plan.
Boos said she has not heard much about speed control. She said there are not that many
places where this problem occurs. Boos said that speeds should be reduced anyway, and with a
reduced speed there wouldn't be so many problems.
Boos said there should be some part of the plan to address the long-term causes in order to
have some kind of balance. She said that when housing subdivisions are suddenly right next to
parks, there will be more and more problems. Boos said there are some areas that could be
kept as they are with a kind of no growth policy, which would result in fewer problems with the
deer.
Keith Stepanek, 2254 South Riverside Drive, said that bow hunting should be used as a way to
control the deer population, although he is not a bow hunter himself. He said that bow hunting
could be one of the best methods, and the people who would do this could be required to take a
test. Stepanek said that as a taxpayer, he feels the Committee is spending too much money on
these meetings, and as an alternative, could bring some money in by having bow hunters shoot
these deer.
SET AGENDA FOR NEXT MEETING:
The next meeting was set for July 7th at 6:45 p.m.
ADJOURNMENT:
The meeting was adjourned at 8:45 p.m.
Minutes submitted by Anne Schulte
mgrlmin/dee~-23-99.doc
87/14/99 09:91:4~ 919-~54-4~1~ -~ +919~5~5009 IO~ CITV CL~R~
Johnson Counf~
% IOWA a,~
Jonathan ZIordahl, Chair
Charles P. Duffy
Miohaol E. L~hman
Sally Stutsman
Carol Thompson
BOARD OF SUPERVISORS
CANCELLED ...... RESCHEDULED TO
MONDAY, JULY 19, 1999
Agenda
Boardroom - 2nd Floor
Johnson County Administration Building
913 South Dubuque Street
Iowa City, Iowa 52240
Wednesday, July 14, 1999
INFORMAL MEETING
1. Call to order 3:00 p.m.
2. Work Session re: development of Board of Supervisors goals and
for FY 2001. discussion
3. Adjourn
67/14/99 BB;5?:Z2 319-354-4Z13 -> +3193565889 IOY~ CITY CLERX Page
Johnson Counly
1IOWA
Jonathan Jordahl, Chair
Charles D. Duffy
Michael E. Lohman
Sally Stutsman
Carol Thompson
BOARD OF SUPERVISORS
Agenda
Boardroom - 2"d Floor
Johnson County Administration Building
913 South Dubuque Street
Iowa City, Iowa 52240
July 15, 1999
FORMAL MEETING
1. Call to order 9:00 a.m.
2. Action re: claims
Action re: formal minutes for canvass of votes for Special Election for
the Special constitutional Amendments and Board of Supervisors Election
on July 6t~ and formal minutes of July 8th
4. Action re: payroll authorizations
5. Business from the County Auditor
a) Action re: permits
b) Action re: reports
c) Other
6. Business from the Planning and Zoning Administrator
a) Final consideration of application Z9918 of Tom Seelman.
b) Final consideration of application Z9919 of Sylvia Hahn Pence.
c) Final consideration of application Z9920 of Leroy Bistricky.
913 SOUTH DUBUQUE ST. P.O. BOX 1350 IOWA CITY, IOWA 52244-1350 TEL: (319) 356-6000 FAX: (319) 356-6086
07/14/89 08:S?:50 318-354-4213 -> +31835fi5889 IOWG CITY CLERR Page 802
Agenda 745-99
Page 2
(Continuation of Planning and Zoning Administrator agenda items)
d) Final consideration of application Z9921 of Raymond Miller.
e) Final consideration of application Z9923 of Wanda Wilker.
f) Final consideration of application Z9925 of John Fobian.
g) Motion setting public hearing for various zonings and platt
h) Other
Business from the Assistant Planning and Zoning Administrati~)
a) Discussion/action re: the following Platting applications:
Application S9929 of Leroy Bistricky, signed by Doug Frederick
of Hart Frederick Consultants, requesting preliminary and final
plat approval of Bistricky Farm Subdivision, a subdivision
described as being located in the SE ¼ of Section 15; Township 81
Noah; Range 8 West of the 5th P.M. in Johnson County, Iowa
(This is a 1-lot, 4.67 acre, residential subdivision, located on the
south side of Plotz Road NW, approximately ¼ of a mile east of its
intersection with Derby Avenue NW in Monroe Twp. ).
b)
2. Application S9935 of Peter Van Gerpen requesting preliminary
and final plat approval of Northwood Estates Part 2 (A
Resubdivision of Lots 1 & 2 and Outlot A of Northwood Estates),
a subdivision described as being located in the South ~ of Section
28; Township 80 North; Range 6 West of the 5th P.M. in Johnson
County, Iowa (This is a 1 residential lot with 1 outlot, 6.02 acres,
residential subdivision, located on the north side of Hensleigh
Drive NE in the northwest quadrant of Hensleigh Drive and
Dubuque Street NE intersection in Penn Twp. ).
Other
8. Business from the County Attorney
a) Other
07/14/99 08:58:Z~ 319-354-4Z13 -~ +31935~5889 IOg~ CITV CL~RR Page 803
Agenda 7-15-99
Page 3
9. Business from the Board of Supervisors
a) Discussion/action re: setting August 5, 1999 at 9:00 a.m. as a public
hearing on Road Vacation 1-99 (a portion of Payne Road, west of
Mehaffey Bridge Road in the NW 1/4 of Section 27-81-6) and Road
Vacation 2-99 (a portion of an alley located in River Junction).
b) Discussion/action re: resolution 07-15-99-T1 transferring funds from
the Capital Expenditure Fund to the Technology Fund.
c) Discussion/action re: resolution 07-15-99-T2 transferring funds from
the General Basic Fund to the Capital Expenditure Fund.
d) Discussion/action re: resolution 07-15-99-T3 transferring funds from
the General Basic Fund to the Technology Fund.
e) Discussion/action re: amending display for Sherry Carpenter's
fireworks permit on July 2 1
f) Discussion/action re: fireworks permit(s).
g) Other
10. Adjoum to informal meeting
a) Schedule visit with Director of Mental Health/Development
Disabilities. discussion/action needed
b) Reports and inquiries from the County Attorney
e) Inquiries and reports from the public
d) Reports and inquiries from the members of the Board of Supervisors
e) Other
11. Adjournment
07/16/99 88|25:38 319-354-4213 -> +3193565889 I~gA CITY CLERR Page
Johnson Cotmt~
~IOWA ~
]
Jonathan Jordahl, Chair
Charl~-s P. Duffy
Miohaol E. Lohman
Sally Stutsman
Carol Thompson
BOARD OF SUPERVISORS
Agenda
Boardroom - 2nd Floor
Johnson County Administration Building
913 South Dubuque Street
Iowa City, Iowa 52240
Monday, July 19, 1999
INFORMAL MEETING
1. Call to order 9:00 a.m.
2. Work Session re: development of Board of Supervisors goals and benchmarks
for FY 2001. discussion
3. Adjourn
City of Iowa City
MEMORANDUM
Date:
To:
From:
Re:
July 16, 1999
The Honorable Mayor Ernie Lehman and Members of the City Council
Sarah E. Holecek, First Assistant City Attorne~~_<~
Partial Litigation Update
Koster, Lopez, Clow, Beine, Collins, Goodsman, Hopkins, Whaley, Dreckman, Connell, et. al.,
on behalf of themselves and all others similarly situated v. the State of Iowa, City of Davenport,
City of Bettendorf, City of Muscatine, City of Clinton, City of Iowa City, and City of Webster City
(U.S. District Coud for the Southern District of Iowa; Case No. 4-96-CV-80676)
(a.k.a. "Pension Litigation")
As you know, on January 7, 1998, the United States District Court for the Southern District of
Iowa entered summary judgment for the Defendant Cities in the above case and dismissed the
lawsuit. This ruling was essentially based on the fact that the 1992 implementation of Chapter
411, which chapter created the statewide police and fire pension fund, was a legislative act
within the jurisdiction of the Iowa Legislature, and that the plaintiffs have failed to provide any
evidence that the legislation was illegal or arbitrary, or that the Cities acted in a manner that
damaged the Plaintiffs when abiding by Chapter 411. As you also know, the Plaintiffs have
appealed this final decision to the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit, who
heard the case on January 15, 1999. The Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals has now issued its
ruling in the matter (see attached), finding in favor the defendant Cities and upholding the
summary judgment dismissal of the case by the Southern District of Iowa. The Plaintiffs now
have the opportunity to seek rehearing by the Eighth Circuit and/or to petition the United States
Supreme Court for certiorari. However, we are optimistic that this ruling would be upheld on
appeal, and thus believe that this ruling will end the case. I will continue to keep you informed
of further developments in this matter. If you have any questions, please feel free to contact me.
CC:
Eleanor M. Dilkes, City Attorney
Steve Atkins, City Manager
Dale Helling, Assistant City Manager
sarah\litiga~pension.mm4
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CITY-BEI'fENDORF
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~003
~Joo3
United States Court of Appeals'
FOR ~ EIGHTH CIRCUIT
No. 98-1459
Kirk Koster; Marlin Lopez; Warren
Beine; Mike Collins; Jeff
Goodsman; Nate Hopkins; James
Cormell, on behalf of themselves
and all others similarly siru_m_cd,
AppellantS,
City of Davenport, Iowa; City of
Bettendorf, Iowa; City of
Muscafine, Iowa; City of Clinton,
Iowa; City of Iowa City, Iowa,
Appellces.
Appeal f~om the United
District Court for the
Southern District of Iowa.
States
Submitted: January 15, 1999
Filed: July 7, 1999
Before LOKEN, HANSEN, and MORRIS SItEPPARD ARNOLD, Cixcuk Judges.
HANSEN, Circuit J'udge.
Appellants, vested members of the Iowa statewide fire and police retirement
system (statewide plan), sought injunctive and declaratory relief as well as money
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CITY-BETTENDORF
BELIN LAW FIP, X
~004
~oo4
d,~rn~es against the appellee dries, which are participating employers in the statewide
plan. The appellant members clsim that the cities violated their federal and state
constitutional rights by usin~ statewide plan assets ~o offset the cities' future
contributions to the statewide plan. The district cou~~ Fanted summary judgment in
favor of the cities on the members' constiurdonal claims and on their pendent stem law
cl.~rns. The members appeal. and we affirm.
Prior to 1992. iowa ciics rn, i~ta; ned the/r own loce] pensio~ plans for policc an d
fire employees- Each of the separate municipal plans in question was a defined benefit
plan. Th~ employees contributed a set percenmg~ of Their compensation, while the
.city's contribution varied to meet th~ fundin~ r~quirement~ of the plan. A "defined
benefit plan" predetermines the mount ofa panicip_,tlng membeFs retirement benefits,
pnenlly based on a percentage of the mcmber's compensation. ~ ~ Iowa Coctc
§ 411.6(2)(c) (1997) (paying up to sixty percent of the member's average final
compensation). The employer bears the risk of market fluctuation in a defined benefit
plan. The employer must fund the plan to meet fie actuarially-determinex[ pension
liability of ~-overad members regardless of the market Frfomance of the fund, If the
fund performs poorly, The employer must make up the deficiency by contributiz~ more
to the fund; if the market performs well, th~ employer maps the benefit in lower
contn'butlons. Ite employee L~ enti~ed to the preClalermn~ne'cl benefit regardles-< of the
~rnount of conn'ibutions made to fund the plan. In contrast, "a defied contribution"
plan entitles the member m the amount ill his individ-~l account at the lime of his
retirement, which equ.l.~ the contributions made to the a:count plus or minus the
investment's market fluctuations.
Etv~OYMENTL~W § 11-2. st 431-33 (1994).
1Th¢ Honorable Charles tL WoRe. then ChiefJudge. United States District Court
for the $ outhem District of Iowa.
1
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CITY-BETrENDORF
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X~]O05
Effective Ianuary 1, 1992, the Iowa legislature revised Iowa Code chapter 411
and created a centralized statewide pension plan To replace the local mnn;cipal plans.
Se_!e Iowa Code § 4I 1.2. AI/of the local police and firefighter municipal plans merged
into the statewide plan. The new statewide plan is also a defined benefit plan. Se~_
Iowa Code § 411.6. At the time' of the conversion to the statewide plan, the plan's
acmary determined that each of the appelIee cities' plans was over-funded. Chapter
411 allowed each city to use the excess funds to offset either the employees' and city's
future contributions to the smt~vide plan or only ~e city's future contributions to the
plan. ~ee i_14,. § 411.38(4). Each app~llee city chose to use its excess to fund only the
city's future contributions. If the actuary had determined that any separate municipal
plan was under-funded at. the tlme it was wansf=rred to the statewide pla~ the statute
required that city to pay additional amounts to properly fund its share of the starewide
plan. Se_~e id: § 411.38(1)(b).
The plaintiff members brought their claim against the cities under 42 U.S.C. §
1983, alleging that the cities' decisions under section 4113 8 (4) to use the excess funds
to reduce only the cities' future contributions (as opposed to r~ducing both the cities'
and the members' fatu~ contributions) viohted their fedenl and star= constitutional
rights. Th=y ar~ae that the cities (l) impaired zheir constitutional debt to contract; and
(2) unconsdtutionslXy deprived them of the property interest in the funds withouz duc
process of law? The cities' use of the ~xcess funds alteEed/y reduced the value
zThe members asserted at oral argumc'nt that they have maintained their FiSh
Amendment Takings without just compensation claim on appeal. Given the Complexity
of a Takings claim in rghtion to a statutory regime, see Eastern Enter. v. ApfeI. I 18 S.
Ct. 2 13 I, 2155 (1998) (Kennedy, J., concurring in the judgmeat); id. at 2162 (Breyer,
J., dissenting), and the lack of briefing on the issue, we decI/ne to address the claim
here. Additionally, our hold/ng that the statute does not violate substantive due process
m~kes it unh3cely that a Takings claim would be successful..See Connelly v. Pension
Benefit Guar. Corp., 475 U.S. 211,223 (1986) (noting that where a statu~ has passed
3
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~006
~006
members' benefits under the plan, cornpromised the soundness of the plan, and violated
the plan r~-quiremem thax the fun& be used for the exclusive belLefit of the members.
The members also brought state law claims of breach of statutory and common law
trust duties, seeking quitable remedies in the form of a constructive trust. The d/strict
court granted the cities' motion for snmmary judgment, fmd~g that the statute was
consriunional and did not violate state trust laws. The members appeal.
We revi~v de novo ~e di~rict courfs grant ofs.,-n~n aryjud~eat and apply the
same standards applied by the disudct cOurL S__ce Dulany v. Caruahan, ] 32 F.3d 1234,
1237 (gth Cir. 1997), Because the facts in this case are undisputed, we limix our
inquiry to whelher the cities are entitled to judgment as a matter 9flaw.-See Amed.'can
Family Mut, Ins, Co. v. Van Gerpen. 15t F,3d 886, 887 (Sth Cir. 1998).
A. Contract Clause3
The United Stares Constitution provides that "[n]o State shall... pass any...
Law impairing the Obligation of Contracts .... "U.S. CONsT. axt. I, § 10, el. 1. When
reviewhag the members' contention that section 411.38(4) (perrn~dng the cities to
choose how to allocate excess fun&) imperm~ssibly impairs their constitutional right
to contract, we must focus on "whether the change in state law has 'operated as a
substantial irnpairm m of a contractual relationship.'" General Motors Corp. v. Romein,
503 U.S. 181, 186 (1992) (quoting Allied Smacttnl Steel Co. v. Sp~nnaus, 438 U-S.
muster under the due process clause, "it would be surprising indeed to discover" that
the same statute constituted an unconstitutional taking).
3Iowa constitutional impairment of contracts claims follow federal principles, gee
Des Moines Xo~rtt StockLand Rankv. Nordholrn, 253 N-W. 701,709 (Iowa 1934)~ and
thus, we do nox address the state contract impairment issue separately.
4
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234, 244 (1978)1 The modern Contract Clause analysis involves thr~e components:
"(1) Does a contractual relationship exist, (2) does the change in the law impair that
contractual relationship, and if So. (3) is the impaLrment substantial?" Honeywell. Inc.
v. Minnesota Life and Health Ins. Guar. A_ssoc., 110 F.3 d 547, 551 ( 8th Cir.) (cn bane)
(citing Romein, 503 U.S. at 186), cert. denied, 118 S. Ct. 156 (1997). If a substantial
impairment of a contractual relado~hip e,,dsts, the legislation nonetheless stu'viv~s a
constitutional attack if the "'.~mpairment is... justified as 'reasonable and necessary to
serve an important public purpose.'" Parella v. Retirement Bd. of the K.I- Employees'
P-.edrement Sys-, 173 F.3d 46, 59 (lst Cir- 1999) (quoting United Sxates Trust Co. v.
New Jersey. 431 U.S. ls 25 (1977)). See also. Honeywell, 110 F.3d at 551,
A sramrtory enactment is generally. presumed not to create "contractual or vested
ri~hts but merely declares a policy to be pursued until the legislature shall or~in
otherwise." National R.R. Passenger Co!iv, v, Arches_on. Topeka_ ~ Sante Fe P,y, 470
U.S- 45 I, 456-66 (1985) (quotations omitted). See also Honeyw~llo 110 F.3d at
Th~ langnage and circ,~mstanccs of the statute must evince a clear intent by the
legislature to create contr~ct'ual rights so as to bind the state..See_ Honeywell, 110 1:.3 d
at 557 (Loken, I., concurring) (finding the use of the word "guarantee" in the statute at
issue to cvlnce such an intcat); ~ee sJso Psrell~ 173 F.3d at 60 C[S]tate statutory
enactments do not of their own force create a contract with those whom the statute
bemdks.") (internal quotations omitted).
ChaIr~cr 41 l's stated purpose "is to promote economy and efficiency in the
mtmWipal public safety servWc by providing an orderly means for police officers and
fire fighters to have a retirement system which will provide for the payment of
pensions," Iowa Code § 411.1A. Nowhere in the statute is the word "con~racf'
mentioned, Once a participating member becomes vested in the reth-ement system, his
benefits cannot be taken sway. $_~ id. § 4I 1-~(1)Co) ("Any member who has been a
member of~e retirement system four or more years,.. shall upon attain/ngretirernent
age, receive a servWe ro~ire, mcnt award .... ") (emphasis added), See also Lage v. City
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of Marshalltown. 235 N.W. 761., 763'(lowa 1931) ("It is settled in ~his . .
jurisdictionH,... fiat upon the happening of the event which entitles a police officer
or fireman to a pension, his right thereto then becomes immediately yesrod and may not
be taken away."). Despite the plan's vesting mechanism, the Supreme Court of Iowa
has determined that the police officers' and fire fighzers' fights under th~ retiremerit
system are statutory ra~er than contractual. See Lage. 235 N.W. at 763 C[T]he duty
to provide a fund with which to pay the pensions due is purely statutory and not
contractual."); see ~ Grandia v. City of Oskaloos.~ 405 N.W.2d 849, 1~52 (Iowa
1987) (characterizing La_!gl as "holding that a statute providing for a pension may be
modified or even repealed by the legislature"). Other c'frcuit courts have found that
statutorily-created state pension plans are not contractual in nature for purposes .of the
federal Contract Clause because ~e statutes lacked a clear indication that the
legislamn intended to create contractual rights- g e._g= National Educ. Ass'n-R.1.
v. Re,foment Bd. of the Retirement gys.. 172 F.3d 22, 26, 2g (lst Cir. 1999)
(differentiating between vested fights and contractual rights and finding no contractual
right in the Rhode Island state pension plan because the statute did no~ use ~he term
"contra~t" and did not have an anti-retroactivity clause regarding future benefit
changes); Parker v. Wakelin, 123 F3d 1, 7-9 (lst Cir. 1997) (finding no contractual
fight in Maino's public pension plan and noting the need for a close scrutiny of
individual state plans due to the vast differences in public pension plans from state to
-~tate), c~rt. de. nie~ 1 lg S. Ct. 1675 (1998).
The question of whether a state statute creates a contract for purposes of the
Contract Clause under the U.S. Constitution is a federal question, and as such, we are
not bound by a state court's assessment of the issue, though we do accord it "'respectful
consideration and 'gr~at weightJ" Honeywell, 110 F,3d at 552 (quoting R, gmein, 503
U, S. at 187). We choose not to answer this complex constitutional question, however,
as we conclude that even if Chapter 411 created a contractual relationship, section
411.38(4) dogs not subsma y impair it.
6
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The Supreme Court has looked at various factors to deterrgine whether an
alleged contractual impairment was substantial, including whether the impaired term
is central To the contract, whether the impairment disrupts the parties' settled
expectations, anti whether the parties reasonably relied on the impaired right. ~
Honeywell, 1 I0 F.3d at 558 (Loken,-J., concurring). Generally, the more heavily
regulated the industry, the less reasonable it is to expect that contractual relationships
#
will not be altered by legislation. S~e id__~.
The members allege that section 411.38(4) impairs their contractual fights by
allowing the cities to use the excess funds to the cities' bc.nefit, contrary to the plan
provision that requires all plan funds to be used for the excluslve benefit of the
members. However, a defined benefit plan entities the mgtnbers to a predetermined
distribution upon retirement and to an actuarially sound plan to ensure that the plan is
adequately funded to meet those disuibution requirements. It does not entitle them to
any use of the contributions other than to ensure the above entitlements are met. Using
the excess funds to offset future city contributions is not inconsi~zent with the
requirement of using the plan assets for the excl~ive benefit of the members. Cf.
Claypool v. Wilson. 6 Cal.Rptr.2d'77, 93 (Cal. Ct App.) (:tintling that the legislative
repeal of cost of living adjustment (COLA) programs and the subsequent use of the
prior COLA funds to offset employer conm~butions to the state pension plan did not
divert the funds from the system and act~mlly maintained the funds for the exclusive
benefit of the plan's members), cl, rc denied, 506 U.S. 1034 (1992).
The members also allege that this use of the excess funds reduced the value of
their benefits under the plan and cornpromised the soundness of the plan. Again, we
note that this is a defined benefit plan; the members are enti~ed to a predetermined
benefit, not to the contributions made on their behalf. The statute required the plan's
actuary to ftr~t determine that the assets transferred fnrom each separate plan to the
statewide plan were more than adequate to meet that plan's accrued liabilities before
allowing the city to offset its future contributions. See Iowa Code §§ 411-38(2), (4).
7
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~!ozo
1"bus, the ststtrte does not infringe on the members' ri~.gh~s to meeive predefmed benefits
upon retirement and provides measures xo ensure that the statewide fund rema/ns
sound- Cf, yaldes v, Cory, 189 Cal.gptr. 212, 223 (Cal. Ct. App. 1983) ("Absent
actuari;~l input ~om the ]qoard . . . legislative action randomly and unilamrally
canoelli_rg or decreasing otherwise continuously appropriated, periodic employer
contributions clearly interferes with vested contractual rights of PERS members.")
(emphasis added); Claypool, 6 Cal.Rptr.2d at 92-93 (finding no/mpa/rment of contracts
and distinguishing Valdes on the basis that before acting, the legislature first
determined that the use of the prior COLA funds m offset future employer contributions
would not jeopardize the soundness of the sm~e pension fund). If there is any
impairment to the members' alleged contractual rights, we conclude that it is not central
to the elaimed contract because ir does not diminish the value of the members' benefits
or compromise the soundness of the plan.
We ln~cewise conclude that [findeed there is an impairment, it does noz affect tht
parties' expectations or reliance interests. Under the former muhicipal plans, each
city's contribution varied while the members' contributions remained constant Each
city made up any shortfalls in the actuar/al soundness of its plan by contn'buting more
to the plan in any given year that the plan's actuary determined the plan to be under-
funded. Likewise, each city contributed less in years that the actuary determined the
pln to be overfunded. All the wkile, the m~mbevs' contributions remained constant.
Thus, the members had and could have no reasonable expectation that this aspect of the
plan will change and have no reasonable expectat/on that any excess funds will be used
to offset their own future contributions. The members mak~ no showing that they relied
on the ability to use the excess funds in this manner. If in fast the change in legislation
impaired the members' asserted contract fights, any impairment was not substantial.
· 07/09/99
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Due Process4
Substantive due process claims re~arding economic legislation face a highly
deferential rational basis teal ~ Parfish v. Mallinger. 133 F.3d 612, 614-15 (8'h Cir.
1998); Honeywell. I 10 F.3d at 554-55. "It is by now well ~stablished that legislative
Acis adjusting the burdens and benefits of economic fife come to ~e Cour~ with a
presumption ofeonstit~onality, and that ~c burden is on the one complaining ors due
process violation to establish that the legislature has acmd in an arbitrary and irrational
way." Userv v. Turner Elkhorn Minlr~ Co., 428 U-S. l, 15 (1976). The Supreme
Corm recently con~trmcd its reluctance to use the va~ue contours of the Due Process
Clause to invalidate economic legislation. See Eastern Enter., 118 S. Ct- at 2153
(plurality opinion) (ofthe five justices finding the Coal Industry Retiree Health Benefit
Act unconstitutional, four justices relied on ~he Takings Clause and only Justice
Kennecly found the legislation unconstitutional under ~e Due Process Clause); !d. at
2159 (Kennedy, J., conoun-in~/n the judgment and dissenting in part) ("S.mur~s my
be invalidated on due process grounds only under rl~ most e~re~ous circumstances.");
id- at 2164 (Breyer, J., dissenting) (the Due Process Clause protects only against
fundamen~lly unfair applications of law).
The members complain that section 411.38(4) allows ~c cities to take the
marebets' property interests in the pension plan without due process of law. Initially,
we miTerate that the members' inkrests iu the plan are limited to their prede~ned
benefits and the assurance of a sound plan. Presuxning that these interests are
"property" for purposes of our clue process analysis, see Honeywell, 110 F.3 d at 554
(indicating that vested rights are treated similar to contractual fights for purposes of the
Due Process clause), the members fail to show how their interests were adversely
' Iowa constitutional due process claims follow federal principles, ~ State v.
~ 331 N.W-2d 683, 688 (Iowa 1983), and thus, we do not address the state due
process claim separately.
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affected, or '~kcn." ThouSh' the members allege that the cities' actions reduced the
value of their behests, they provide no supporz for such a contention. They are ~11
entitled to ~e~r l~redetermined benefits upon re~¢memt. Additionally, they fail to
provide evidence ~a~ the so,.md~ess of the plan is comprom{~ed by usin8 the excess
funds ~om the separate pl~n.~ w offset only the cities' future contributions. As
¢xplak~ed ~bove, the starve l~rovided ~ mecha.nj~ co ensure the continued sou~d~ess
of the plan.
We point out that the cities are not free to use the excess funds for just any
purpose-the funds must be used only w offset future cpntribu~ions, and thu~ are still
d~Iicamd ;o preserving the ~oundu~ss of the members' pension plan. The Iowa
legishmre soughtin avoid alIowing one oveffunded municipal plan to subsidize another
underfunded municipal pIau upon consolMa~on inw the statewide plan. Sce Iowa Code
§ 411.3~(2). This s~heme is not only rarionai, it may have been necessary to sustain
the sazne tn~ provisions that the members ch{m are being violaseeL .See Municjpa/iw
of Anchorage v. Gallion, 944 P.2d 436, 444 (Alaska 1997) (~n~ that the use of
overt~mdir~ in one state pension plan to augment a separate undoffnnded state plan
violated the stato constitution, which requires public pension plan funds to be used for
the exclusive benefit of it. s beneJ~claries). Due to the nature of a defined benefit plan,
each ciVy bore the risk and re, pod th~ benefi~ of market fluctuations, which in turn
cre~t~ any excess funding that existed at the time of the consolidation. F or municjphl
pins that the actuary deterre{ned to be underfunded, the statute required the
re~onsible city alone to make up the difference. S~ee Iowa Code § 411-38(I)Co)- We
conclude that the Iowa legislature acted rationally in allowing each city to choose to use
the excess f-ands to offset only its own funzrg conm'butions, and ttm~ the members
suffered zm fundamental unfairness.
C. State Remedies
Our constit~o~ holdings aIlow us to easily dispose of the members' state law
10
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claims seeking imposition of a constructive trust based on unjust enrichment_ A
constructive trust in Iowa is an equitable remedy and is appropriate in three instances:
actual fraud, constructive bud, or equitable principles other than fraud. Se__~e In re
_Estate of Peck, 497 N.W.2d 889, 890 (Iowa 1993). The members must prove their
entitlement to a constmctlve trust by "clear, convincing, and satisfactory evidence."
Neimaun v. Butte_rfield~ 551 N.W,2d 652, 654 (Iowa Ct. App. 1996),
The members agree that the cities have not engaged in either actual or
constructive fraud. (S~ee Appellants' Br. at 29,) They also conced~ that the cities'
actions are racially valid under the statute. Wc end with the underlying contention with
wl'dch we started. The rotewide plan is a defined bencfit plan. As such, it entitles the
membgrs to predeteunined benefits at retirement and m a sound plan to ensure receipt
of those benefits. Because the cit/es bear the risk of market fluctuations, and because
their me of the excess funds does not compramise the soundness of the plan, the cities'
use of the excess funds to offset only their own future contributions does not unjustly
enrich the cities at the expeluse of the members. The district court correctly granted
s-~mary judgment in favor of the cities.
For the foregoing reasans, we a~rm the judgment of the district court.
A wae copy.
Attest:
CLERK, U.S. COUKT OF APPEALS, EIGHTH CIRCUIT
11
CITY COUNCIL INFORMATION PACKET
July 23, 1999
MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS
IP1
Memorandum from Assistant City Manager:
Domestic Partnership and Medical Benefits
Email from Susan Pahl Regarding
IP2
Memorandum from Police Captain Widmer to City Manager: Enforcement on Highland
Avenue
IP3 Letter to Parking Manager from Dan Black: Appreciation
IP4 Memorandum from Transit Manager to City Manager: Add-Sheet Coupon
IP5 Public Art Advisory Committee Attendance Record
IP6 Agendas: July 20 and 22 - JC Board of Supervisors
IP7
Memorandum from Economic Development Coordinator to Department Directors: 1999
Community Profile for the Iowa City Area [Council packets only}
Memo from City Manager regarding Landfill Recycle Center Project Update.
Memo from City Manager regarding Salt Bids.
Memo from CIty Manager regarding Iowa Avenue Parking Facility (Tower Place
and parking).
Memo from City Manager regarding Federal Transportation Act.
Memo from Assistant City Manager regarding McLeod Franchise.
Memo from Airport Manager regarding Airport Terminal Building renovation.
Memo from Civil Engineer regarding Mid-year railroad crossing update.
Memo from City Engineer regarding Iowa River.
Memo from Assistant City Attorney regarding Animal Control ordinance -
discussion at worksession on July 26.
Memo from Animal COntrol Supervisor regarding change in policy, fees and
new ordinance regarding microchipping of animal; invisible fences and
animal confinement. (dated May 10 but given to Council on 7/26)
City of Iowa City
MEMORANDUM
07-23-99
IP1
Date:
To:
From:
Re:
July 21, 1999
City Council
Assistant City Manager
Email from Susan Pahl Regarding Domestic Partnership and Medical Benefits
The above-referenced email raises an issue involving employee benefits which are mandatory
negotiable under Chapter 20 of the Code of Iowa. The City cannot unilaterally enhance
employee benefits without acceptance by the bargaining unit representative, e.g. AFSCME
Local #183.
Whether or not the City Council wishes to address this or any other bargainable issue with the
Union outside the normal collective bargaining process is a question which, when considered,
should take into account the potential impact on the City's short and long-term collective
bargaining strategies. If Council wishes to consider this matter further at this time, I recommend
that your discussion be in executive session as provided in Chapter 20.7 (3) of the State Code.
cc: City Manager
Susan Pahl
Im\mem\dh7-16.doc
Marian Karr
From:
Sent:
To:
Subject:
Susan Pahl
Friday, July 02, 1999 9:24 AM
*City Council
Domestic Partnership and medical benefits through the City of Iowa City
I am an employee with the City of Iowa City since August of 1998 and have enrolled my domestic partner in
our medical insurance program that is available to employees.
I was told by personnel that the dental insurance program was not open to City employee domestic partners.
Personnel related that the City Council had never voted to include the dental benefits. Was this an oversight?
If so, I was wondering if the City Council would consider opening the dental benefit program to City employee
domestic partners parallel to the medical insurance program.
Your comments are appreciated.
Thank you for your time.
Sincerely,
Susan Pahl
Housing Program Assistant
Iowa City Housing Authority
susan _pahl@iowa-city.org
Memorandum
DATE:
July 16, 1999
TO:
Steve Atkins, City Manager
FROM:
Captain Widmer
SUBJECT:
Enforcement on Highland Avenue
Per your request to Captain Harney reference enforcement activity on Highland Avenue,
following is a brief summary of activity since the removal of the traffic calming devices.
1 ) The speed indicator trailer was placed on Highland Avenue the day after the
removal (July 1 ), and remained on Highland in varying locations for seven
days.
2) Area cars were instructed to give Highland Avenue extra patrol.
3) Stationary Radar was ran on Highland on the following dates;
a) July 2, 1147 setup
b) July 7, 0848 setup
c) July 12, 0958 setup
4) Traffic enforcement contacts are documented as follows;
a) July 2, 1144 hours (warning)
b) July 5, 0215 hours (warning)
c) July 5, 1610 hours (citation) Backing on Highway
d) July 6, 2350 hours (citation) Disobey Stop Sign
e) July 7, 1148 hours (citation) No Seatbelt
f) July 8, 1900 hours (citation) No Valid D/L
g) July 9, 1555 hours (citation) No Seatbelt
h) July 11, 1918 hours (citation) Speeding
5) A memo is being issued today to set up radar daily on Highland Avenue for a
seven day period.
Copy: Chief Winkelhake
Captain Harney
Manouch Amin
Parking Ramp Supervisor
South Dubuque Street
Iowa City, IA
52240
July 15, 1999
Dear Mr. Amin:
I had the misfortune of having my truck stolen out of the
Dubuque Street Ramp on Friday, June 11. During this ordeal,
three of your employees were on duty at the ramp. These
individuals were Dawn Blanton, Kelly Crandell and Mark Fay.
I want to you to know what outstanding employees you have.
They conducted themselves in a very professional and
compassionate manner. They took the time and effort to help
me in every way they could. I would like to extend to them
a big "Thank You!" Please pass on to them my sincere
appreciation.
In this day and age all we here is how hard it is to get
and keep good people. Well you have them, the Parking
Department and the City of Iowa City should feel fortunate
to have these individuals on staff. I say give them a big
raise!!
Sincerely,
Dan Black
PS-The truck was found in Gothenburg, Nebraska at 8:30 A.M.
Saturday the 12th.
cc: Joe Fowler
Steve Atkins
To: Steve Atkins, City Manager {~L-
From: Ron Logsden, Transit Manager
Date: 07/16/99
Re: Add-Sheet Coupon
The attached coupon will be in the Add-Sheets Coupon Book that will be distributed
August 18-20, 1999. The coupon is good for free rides August 23-28, 1999 to
coincided with the first week of classes at the University of Iowa. In the past, we
have handed coupons out door to door. This year we chose to use the new Add-
Sheet Coupon Book because we have an advertising trade out agreement with the
Add-Sheet that covers half the cost. The trade out agreement makes it cheaper for
us to use the Add-Sheet Coupon Book than it would be to produce and hand out the
coupons ourselves.
Iowa City Transit
1
JUL 08 '99
03:45PM I.C. PRESS CITIZEN
P. 1/1
This coupon is mad for unlimited
free rides on iowa City Transit
I
the week of Auilust ~H8, 999
I0 WA tiff 1" AN$17'
..... ,"T, ,'~, ,"":," ',""', ~, ,'T'~'- , ....
This coupon will be in the Add-Sheet coupon book. It is
good for the first week of classes at the U of I, August 23-
28. The coupons will be neon yellow.
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07/19/99 08:3R:09 319-354-4R13 -> +319~565809 I0~ CITV CL~RR
Johnson COunly i
Jonathan Jordahl, Chair
Charles D. Duffy
Michael E. Lehman
Sally Slutsman
Carol Thompson
BOARD OF SUPERVISORS
Agenda
Boardroom - 2nd Floor
Johnson County Administration Building
913 South Dubuque Street
Iowa City, Iowa 52240
July 20, 1999
INFORMAL MEETING
|P6
1. Call to order 9:00 a.m.
2. Review of the formal minutes of July 15th
3. Business from the County Auditor
a) Discussion/action needed re:
b) Discussion/action needed re:
33.
c) Discussion/action needed re:
34.
d) Discussion/action needed re:
29.
e) Other
FY 2000 budget amendment requests.
resolution 07-22-99-B 1 establishing Fund
resolution 07-22-99-B2 establishing Fund
resolution 07-22-99-B3 establishing Fund
Business from Julianne Jensen of the Snowdrifters re: closing a portion
of Sutliff Road on September 5th. discussion/action needed
913 SOUTH DUBUQUE ST. P.O. BOX 1350 IOWA CITY, IOWA 52244-1350 TEL: (319) 356-6000 FAX: (319) 356-6086
87/19/99 08:~:9~ ~19-9~-~1~ -~ +9199~5809 IOO~ CITV CLEHH hgc 88~
Agenda 7-20-99
Page 2
5. Business from the Board of Supervisors
a) Discussion/action needed re: Proclamation for Americans with
Disabilities Act on July 24, 1999.
b) Discussion/action needed re: setting up a work session for a
Conditional Use Permit revisions and Agricultural Residential (RS)
zoning classification.
c) Discussion/action needed re: setting up a work session for 1998 Land
Use PlardMock-up Zoning Applications to review for Board.
d) Discussion/action needed re: work session with Zoning Commission
and lending institutions regarding financing for agricultural parcels.
e) Discussion/action needed re: recommendations from the Finance
Committee regarding the following:
1. Ambulance donated funds
2. Budgeting of personnel funds
f) Discussion/action needed re: contract for Lutheran Social Services for
the Detention Alternative Program.
g) Discussion/action needed re: appointment to the Iowa City Riverfront
and Natural Areas Commission.
h) Discussion/action needed re: Administrative Services and Financial
Agreement for Delta Dental Plan of Iowa.
i) Minutes received
1. Juvenile Crime Prevention Commumty Program for January 21,
1999
2.Juvenile Crime Prevention Community Program for April 21, 1999
3.Communication Committee for June 18, 1999
4. Johnson County Task Force Heritage Area Agency on Aging for
June 21, 1999
5.Hawkeye Area Community Action Program for June 24, 1999
j) Reports
k) Other
6. Work Session re: monthly report/update on Strategic Planning.
discussion/action needed
7. Discussion from the public
8. Recess
C3 7:~
..
87/16/99 1R;R8:18 319-354-4213 -> +3199565009 I0~R CITV CLgRR Page 801
J'olmson County
]IOV,/A m>
X__
Jonathan Jordahl, Chair
Charles D. Duffy
Michael E. Lehman
Sally Stutsman
Carol Thompson
BOARD OF SUPERVISORS
Agenda
Boardroom - 2"d Floor
Johnson County Administration Building
913 South Dubuque Street
Iowa City, Iowa 52240
July 20, 1999
INFORMAL MEETING
1. Call to order 1:30 p.m.
2. Work Session with Department Heads
3. Update/report/discussion of the following:
a) Goal setting - Part H
b) Review and comments re: draft budget packet.
e) Reports/updates from Department Heads
d) Tornado preparedness (Jim McGinley)
e) Date and time of next meeting
f) Other
4. Adjourn
07/21/99 88:40:08 319-354-4213 -> ~319~565889 IO~A CITY CLERK Page 081
Johnson CounO'
IOWA~
Z[onathan 3ordahL Chair
Charles D. Duffy
Michael E. Lehman
Sally Stutsman
Carol Thompson
BOARD OF SUPERVISORS
Agenda
Boardroom - 2nd Floor
Johnson County Administration Building
913 South Dubuque Street
Iowa City, Iowa 52240
1. Call to order 9:00 a.m.
'July 22, 1999
FORMAL MEETING
Action re:
Action re:
Action re:
claims
formal minutes of July 15t~
payroll authorizations
Business from the County Auditor
a) Action re: permits
b) Action re: reports
1. Clcrk's June monthly report.
2. County Reeorder's monthly reports of fees collected amended for
May, 1999.
c) Other
6. Business from the Planning and Zoning Administrator
a) Second and final consideration of application Z9920 of Leroy Bistricky.
b) Other
913 SOUTH DUBUQUE ST. P.O. BOX 1350 IOWA CITY, IOWA 52244-1350 TEL: (319) 356-6000 FAX: (319) 356-6086
B?/Z1/99 88:40:2~ 319-~S4-4~19 -> +9193~G~OSg IOY~ CITY CLERX Page 8BZ
Agenda 7-22-99 Page 2
7. Business from the Assistant Planning and Zoning Administrator
a) Discussion/action re: the following Platting application:
,
Application S9929 of Leroy Bistricky, signed by Doug Frederick
of Hart Frederick Consultants, requesting preliminary and final
plat approval of Bistricky Farm Subdivision, a subdivision
described as being located in the SE ¼ of Section 15; Township 81
Noah; Range 8 West of the 5th P.M. in Johnson County, Iowa
(This is a l-lot, 4.67 acre, residential subdivision, located on the
south side of Plotz Road NW, approximately ~,4 of a mile_east o~_jts
intersection with Derby Avenue NW in Monroe Twp,), f.~f:~, ~
b) Other '%
Business from the County Attorney :,:::
a) O~er '> .,
Business from the Board of Supe~isors
a)
b)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
k)
1)
m)
Discussion/action re:
Discussion/action re:
Discussion/action re:
on July 24, 1999.
Discussion/action re:
Discussion/action re: agreement with Snowdrifters, Inc. for use of
public right-of-way on September 5th (alternate date September 6th)
(White Oak Avenue NE noah of 130th Street NE).
Discussion/action re: possible weekend bus service and parking for
Senior Dining Program.
Discussion/action re: pickup area for drivers at home delivered meals.
Motion setting public hearing for FY 2000 budget amendment requests
on August 12, 1999 at 5:30 p.m.
Discussion/action re: resolution 07-22-99-B 1 establishing Fund 33.
resolution 07-22-99-B2 establishing Fund 34.
resolution 07-22-99-B3 establishing Fund 29.
Proclamation for Americans with Disabilities Act
contract for Lutheran Social Services for the
Detention Alternative Program.
Discussion/action re: appointment to the Iowa City Riverfront and
Natural Areas Commission.
Discussion/action re: Administrative Services and Financial Agreement
for Delta Dental Plan of Iowa.
Discussion/action re: fireworks pennit(s).
Other
Agenda 7-22-99
10. Adjourn to informal meeting
Page 3
a) Reports and inquiries from the County Attorney
b) Inquiries and reports from the public
c) Reports and inquiries from the members of the Board of Supervisors
d) Other
11. Adjournment
City of Iowa City
MEMORANDUM
7/23/99
IP 7
Date:
To:
From:
Re:
July 19, 1999
City Council
David Schoon, Economic Development Coordinator
1999 Community Profile for the Iowa City Area
Enclosed you will find a copy of the 1999 edition of the Community Profile for the
Iowa City Area. Once again, the Iowa City Department of Planning and Community
Development has updated the Community Profile. The profile continues to provide
data on population, housing, employment, income, and retail activity among other
categories.
Copies of the 1999 Community Profile are available to the public at the Iowa City
Department of Planning and Community Development for ~5.00 per copy. If you
need additional copies, please give me a call (x5236).
Attachment
Community
?ro52e
for the
Iowa City Area
' Johnson
'1. lIIII
\ (
July 1999
1999
Community Profile
for the Iowa City Area
Prepared by:
Department of Planning & Community Development
410 East Washington Street
Iowa City, Iowa 52240
(319) 356-5230
Karin Franklin, Director of Planning & Community Development
David Schoon, Economic Development Coordinator
Bridget Carberry, Planning Intern
Shawn Siders, Planning Intern
This booklet contains general demographic information for the Greater Iowa City Area. It is intended to give its
readers a general overview of the economic condition of the Iowa City Area and the factors which influence the
economy's development. More detailed information may be obtained by contacting the Economic Development
Division of the Iowa City Department of Planning and Community Development or by consulting the sources cited
in this booklet.
All reasonable care has been taken to ensure the accuracy of information contained in this publication. We
acknowledge that printed material is subject to errors. Verification of information may be obtained by calling the
Iowa City Department of Planning and Community Development or by directly checking sources cited in booklet.
1999 Community Profile
for the Iowa City Area
TABLE OF CONTENTS
POPULATION
EMPLOYMENT-WORKFORCE
INCOME
GOVERNMENT & TAXES
INDUSTRY
MANUFACTURING
CONSTRUCTION & MINING
FINANCE, INSURANCE & REAL ESTATE
RETAIL- WHOLESALE TRADE
SERVICE INDUSTRIES
TRANSPORTATION, COMMUNICATIONS & UTILITIES
HOUSING
HEALTH
EDUCATION
THE UNIVERSITY OF IOWA
RECREATION & CULTURE
CENSUS TRACT DATA
INTERNET RESOURCES
PAGE
1
6
11
16
19
21
24
28
29
38
42
49
55
56
58
61
63
66
POPULATION
POPULATION OF JOHNSON COUNTY MUNICIPALITIES~
City 1970 1980 1990
Iowa City2
Coralville3
North Liberty'
Oxford
Hills
Lone Tree
Solon
Swisher
Shueyville
Tiffin
University Heights
46,850 50,508 59,738
6,130 7,687 10,347
1,055 2,046 2,926
666 676 663
507 547 662
834 1,040 979
837 969 1,050
417 654 645
154 287 223
299 413 460
1,265 1,069 1,042
Johnson County incorporated
Johnson County unincorporated
Johnson County total
59,014 65,896 78,735
13,113 15,821 17,384
72,127 81,717 96,119
'Incorporated places
2Iowa City's Special Census, 1996:60,148
3Comlville's Special Census, 1992:11,998
'North Uberty's Special Census, 1994:3,666
SOURCE: U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, BUREAU OF CENSUS, CENSUS OF POPULATION, 1970, 1980, & 1990.
POPULATION PROJECTIONS - CITY OF IOWA CITY & JOHNSON COUNTY
Year Iowa City Johnson County
1990 59,738 96,119
1996 60,148 103,400
1999 60,425 106,800
2000 60,550 107,800
2005 61,100 113,300
SOURCES:
IOWA CITY PROJECTIONS PROVIDED BY THE IOWA CITY DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING & COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT. JOHNSON COUNTY PROJECTIONS PROVIDED BY THE EAST CENTRAL IOWA COUNCIL OF
GOVERNMENTS.
Iowa City Community Profile
Total Population
SEX
Male 121,239,418
Female 127,470,455
AGE
Under 5 years 18,354,443
5 to 17 years 45,249,989
18 to 20 years 11,726,868
21 to 24 years 15,010,898
25 to 44 years 80,754,835
45 to 54 years 25,223,086
55 to 59 years 10,531,756
60 to 64 years 10,616,167
65 to 74 years 18,106,558
75 to 84 years 10,055,108
85 years and over 3,080, 165
Median age 32.9
Under 18 years 63,604,432
Percent of total population 25.6
65 years and over 31,241,831
Percent of total population 12.6
HOUSEHOLDS BY TYPE
Total households 91.947,410
Family households (families) 64,517,947
Married-couple families 50,708,322
Percent of total households 55.1
Other family, male householder 3, 143.582
Other family, female householder 10,666,043
Non-family households 27,429,463
Percent of total households 29.8
Householder living alone 22,580,420
Householder 65 years and over 8,824,845
Persons living in households 242,012, 129
Persons per household 2.63
GROUP QUARTERS
Persons living in group quatiers 6,697.744
Institutionalized persons 3,334,018
Other persons in group quarters 3.363,726
RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN
White 199,686,070
Black 29,986,060
Percent of total population 12.1
Amedcan Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut 1,959,234
Percent of total population 0.8
Asian or Pacific Islander 7,273,662
Percent of total population 2.9
Other race 9,804,847
Hispanic odgin (of any race) 22,354,059
Percent of total population 9.0
Total Housing Units 102,263,678
SELECTED POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS, 1990
Johnson Iowa North University
U.S. Iowa Co. City Coralville Liberty Heights
248,709,873 2,776,755 96,119 59,738 10,347 2,926 1,042
1,344,802 47,601 29,560 5, 136 1,430 486
1,431,953 48,518 30,178 5,211 1,496 556
193 203
525 677
131 299
152414
823940
274428
122 335
127 353
226 961
143 890
55,255
34.0
718,880
25.9
426,106
15.3
6,157 3,317 771 334 77
13,190 6,758 1,344 552 117
10,600 9,331 395 86 24
13,267 10,810 1,307 209 57
33,420 19,305 4,790 1,319 402
7,198 3,694 671 210 118
2,674 1,332 233 46 53
2,475 1,268 255 46 43
3,903 2,101 324 68 89
2,332 1,343 188 42 48
903 479 69 14 14
27.1 24.8 28.7 28.2 36.2
19,347 10,075 2, 115 886 194
20.1 16.9 20.4 30.3 18.6
7,138 3,923 581 124 151
7.4 6.6 5.6 4.2 14.5
1,064,325 36,067 21,951 4,605 1,128 474
740,819 20,317 10,836 2,373 757 294
629,893 17,158 8,917 1,881 643 262
59.2 47.6 40.6 40.8 57.0 55.3
25]85 755 423 100 31 9
85,141 2,404 1,496 392 83 23
323,506 15,750 11,115 2,232 371 180
30.4 43.7 50.6 48.5 32.9 38.0
275,466 10,026 6,523 1,622 262 149
130,964 2,144 1,306 195 45 40
2,677,235 86,967 51,370 9,848 2,926 1,042
2.52 2.41 2.34 2.14 2.59 2.20
99,520 9,152 8,368 499 0 0
47,841 1,081 385 499 0 0
51,679 8,071 7,983 0 0 0
2,683,090 89,649 54,410 9,523 2,896 1,010
48,090 1,979 1,516 364 6 6
1.7 2.1 2.5 3.7 0.2 0.6
7,349 176 116 37 0 4
0.3 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.0 0.4
25,476 3,837 3,341 340 11 21
0.9 4.0 5.6 3.3 0.4 2.0
12,750 478 355 63 13 1
32,647 1,435 1,016 190 48 15
1.2 1.5 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.4
1,143,669 37,210 22,464 4,757 1,162 480
SOURCE: U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, BUREAU OF CENSUS, 1990, CENSUS OF POPULATION.
ecodev/prolile/99pro~le.doc 2 Iowa City Community Profile
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
SOURCE:
IOWA'S 10 LARGEST CITIES
1970, 1980 & 1990
1970 1980 1990
Des Moines 200,587 Des Moines 191,003 Des Moines 193, 187
Cedar Rapids 110,642 Cedar Rapids 110,243 Cedar Rapids 108,751
Davenport 98,469 Davenport 103,264 Davenport 95,333
Sioux City 85,925 Sioux City 82,003 Sioux City 80,505
Waterloo 75,533 Waterloo 75,985 Waterloo 66,467
Dubuque 62,309 Dubuque 62,321 Iowa City 59,738
Council Bluffs 60,348 Council Bluffs 56,449 Dubuque 57,546
Iowa City 46,850 Iowa City 50,508 Council Bluffs 54,315
Ames 39,505 Ames 45,775 Ames 47, 198
Clinton 34,719 Cedar Falls 36,322 Cedar Falls 34,298
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, BUREAU OF THE CENSUS, 1970, 1980, 1990 CENSUS OF POPULATION.
POPULATION BY SEX AND RACE
IOWA CITY
1980 1990 1996~
Total Population 50,508 59,738 60,148
Male 24,536 29,560 29,306
Female 25,972 30, 178 30,842
Race
White 47,678 54,410 53,287
Black 990 1,516 1,899
Other 1,243 3,812 4,962
Hispanic Origin of Any Race 593 1,018 1,568
'Special Census of Iowa City, August 29, 1996.
SOURCE: U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, BUREAU OF CENSUS, 1980, 1990 CENSUS OF POPULATION.
~odev/p~o.~e~p~o.~e.doc 3 Iowa City Community Profile
SOURCE:
POPULATION BY AGE GROUPS
IOWA CITY
Age Groups 1990 1996
Under 5 years 3,317 2,794
5-9 years 2,983 2,788
10-14 years 2,441 2,763
15-19 years 6,759 9,269
20-24 years 14,716 12,727
25-34 years 11,682 9,956
35-44 Years 7,623 7,373
45-54 years 3,694 5,569
55-64 years 2,600 2,708
65-74 years 2, 101 2,264
75 and over 1,822 1,937
Median 24.8 24.8
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, BUREAU OF THE CENSUS, 1990 CENSUS OF POPULATION.
IOWA CITY SPECIAL CENSUS, 1996.
SOURCE:
POPULATION BY RACE
IOWA CITY
1990 1996
Total 59,738 60, 148
White 54,410 53,287
Black 1,516 1,899
American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut 116 260
Asian, Pacific Islander 3,341 3,467
Other 355 1,235
Hispanic Origin of Any Race 1,018 1,568
White not of Hispanic Origin 58,720 52,440
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, BUREAU OF THE CENSUS, 1990 CENSUS OF POPULATION.
IOWA CITY SPECIAL CENSUS, 1996,
ecodev/profile/99pro~le.doc 4 Iowa City Community Profile
SELECTED SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS, 199O
URBAN AND RURAL RESIDENCE
Total population
Urban population
Percent of total population
Rural population
Percent of total population
Farm population
RESIDENCE IN 1985
Persons 5 years and over
Lived in same house
Lived in different house in U.S.
Same State
Same county
Different county
Different State
Lived abroad
DISABILITY OF CIVILIAN NON-
INSTITUTIONALIZED PERSONS
Persons 16 to 64 years
With a mobility or self-care limitation
With a mobility limitation
With a self-care limitation
VV'~h a work disability
In labor force
Prevented from working
Johnson Iowa North
U.S. Iowa Co. City Coralville Liberty
248,709,873 2,776,755 96,119 59,738 10,347 2,898
187,051,543 1,682,860 74,305 59,738 10,347 2,898
75.2 60.6 77.3 100.00 100.00 100.00
61,658,330 1,093,895 21,814 ......
24.8 39.4 22.7 ......
3,871,583 256,562 4,049 ......
230,445,777 2,583,526 89,933 56,379 9,589 2,519
122,796,970 1,503,484 33,746 16,581 2,741 1,228
102,540,097 1,062,739 53,070 37,070 6,595 1,291
80,954,800 868,441 39,070 26,226 5,006 1,154
58,675,635 604,721 19,720 11,780 2,753 771
22,280,165 263,720 19,350 14,446 2,253 383
21,585,297 194,298 14,000 10,844 1,589 137
5,108,710 17,303 3,117 2,728 253 0
157,323,922 1,691,073 70,686 46,432 7,377 1,956
7,214,762 150,571 3,821 2,181 173 58
3,452,631 126,672 3,383 1,933 98 33
5,383,939 38,543 882 501 119 39
12,826,449 128,258 3,401 1,925 485 167
5,043,990 61,466 2, 118 1,260 285 104
6,594,029 54,152 896 426 148 42
Persons 65 years and over
With a mobility or self-care limitation
With a mobility limitation
With a self-care limitation
VETERAN STATUS
Civilian veterans 16 years and over
65 years and over
NATIVITY AND PLACE OF BIRTH
Native population
Percent born in State of residence
Foreign-born population
Entered the U.S. 1980 to 1990
29,563,511 391,572 6,754 3,710 563 102
5,943,441 131,072 2.324 1,206 113 23
4,611,920 114,873 2,158 1,126 82 23
3,524,064 40,259 626 302 75 8
27,481,055 310,122 7,708 4,125 978 169
7,158,654 84,788 1,668 965 134 8
228,942,557 2,733,439 90,972 55,412 9,859 2,860
67.1 78.8 68.6 63.6 68.8 64.9
19,767,316 43,316 5,147 4,326 488 38
8,663,627 19,278 3,640 3,176 328 17
NOTE: These data are based on a sample, subject to sampling variability, and there are limitations to many of these data.
SOURCE: U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, BUREAU OF CENSUS, 1990 CENSUS OF POPULATION.
University
Heights
1,042
1,042
100.00
965
476
432
320
221
99
112
57
707
16
12
10
47
31
10
151
7
5
5
106
39
967
58.0
75
41
ecodev/profile/99profile.doc 5 Iowa City Community Profile
EM PLOYM ENT-WO R KFO RC
PLACE OF RESIDENCE EMPLOYMENT DATA~
JOHNSON COUNTY
State
Resident Civilian Resident Total Unemployment Unemployment
Year Labor Force Employment Rate Rate
1990 57,600 55,900 2.9% 4.2%
1991 58,600 56,900 2.8% 4.6%
1992 60,200 58,400 3.1% 4.6%
1993 63,700 62,000 2.6% 4.0%
19942 64,600 62,900 2.5% 3.7%
1995 64,300 62,600 2.7% 3.5%
1996 65,300 63,400 2.9% 3.8%
1997 65,200 63,600 1.98% 3.0%
1998 65,500 64,000 2.2% 2.8%
'Place of residence concept - method by which an individual, unemployed or employed, is counted in the area where he/she lives
regardless of the area where he/she works.
h'he totals for 1994-1998 are calculated using benchmarks different than those used in previous years.
NOTE: Changes since last years profile are due to revised estimates.
SOURCE: "LABOR FORCE SUMMARY ANNUAL AVERAGES 1988-1993," AND "LABOR FORCE
JANUARY THROUGH DECEMBER", LABOR MARKET INFORMATION BUREAU,
DEVELOPMENT.
SUMMARY, 1994-1998
IOWA WORKFORCE
ecodev/pro~le/99pro~le.doc 6 Iowa City Community Profile
LABOR FORCE SUMMARY-JOHNSON COUNTY
PLACE OF WORK EMPLOYMENT DATA
(IN THOUSANDS)
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
Total Employment- Nonagricultural
56.7 57.5 59.4 62.0 63.5 63.9 64.2 67.5
Manufacturing 4.6 4.4 4.2 4.5 4.7 4.7 4.7 5.1
Durable Goods 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.6
Nondurable Goods 3.2 3.0 2.9 3.2 3.4 3.3 3.1 3.5
Nonmanufacturing
Construction and Mining
Transportation-Communication-Public Utilities
Wholesale and Retail Trade
Wholesale Trade
Retail Trade
Finance, Insurance & Real Estate
Services
25.9 26.6 28.4 30.4 31.5 31.9 32.2 35.0
1.7 1.7 1.9 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.4
1.5 1.6 1.7 1.7 2.1 2.1 1.9 2,1
11.1 11.2 11.3 12.0 12.4 12.4 12.7 13.4
1,3 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.5
9.8 10.0 10.0 10.6 11.0 11.0 11.2 11.9
1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8 2.1
10.1 10.5 11.5 12.8 13.1 13.6 13.6 14.9
Government 26.1 26.4 27.1 27.2 27.3 27.3 27.2 27.4
Federal 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.6
State 21.5 21.7 22.1 22.1 22.2 22.0 22.1 22.2
Local 3.1 3.1 3.3 3.3 3,4 3.6 3.6 3.7
'Nonagricultural wage and salary (except domestics) by place of work.
NOTE: Detail may not add to total due to rounding. Place of Work Concept - method by which an employed individual is counted in
the area where he/she works regardless of the area where he/she lives.
SOURCE: "LABOR FORCE SUMMARY ANNUAL AVERAGES 1988-1993" AND "LABOR FORCE SUMMARY 1994-1998
JANUARY THROUGH DECEMBER", LABOR MARKET INFORMATION BUREAU, IOWA WORKFORCE
DEVELOPMENT.
ecodev/pro~le/99pro~le.doc 7 Iowa City Community Profile
Iowa City Community Profile
SELECTED LABOR FORCE CHARACTERISTICS, 1990
LABOR FORCE STATUS
Persons 16 years and over
In labor force
Percent in labor force
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Percent unemployed
Armed Forces
Not in labor force
Johnson Iowa North
U.S. Iowa Co. City Coralville Liberty
191,829,271 2,131,703 78,541 50,565 8,456 2,058
125, 192,378 1,406,503 56,625 34,786 6,636 1,767
65.3 66.0 72.1 68,8 78.5 85.9
123,473,450 1,403,883 56,570 34,746 6,623 1,767
115,681,202 1,340,242 54,591 33,465 6,381 1,712
7,792,248 63,641 1,979 1,281 242 55
6.3 4.5 3.5 3.7 3.7 3.1
1,708,928 2,620 55 40 13 - -
66,546,893 725,200 21,916 15,779 1,820 291
Males 16 years and over
In labor rome
Percent in labor force
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Percent unemployed
Armed Forces
Not in labor force
92,025,913 1,013,757 38,667 24,938 4,113 960
68,509,429 759,871 29,446 18,113 3, 190 886
74.4 75.0 76.2 72.6 77.6 92.3
66,986,201 757,590 29,396 18,073 3,182 886
62,704,579 720,821 28,220 17,251 3,088 858
4,281,622 36,769 1,176 822 94 28
6.4 4.9 4.0 4.5 3.0 3.2
1,523,228 2,281 50 40 8 - -
23,516,464 253,886 9,221 6,825 923 74
Females 16 years and over
In labor force
Percent in labor force
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Percent unemployed
Armed Forces
Not in labor force
Females 16 years and over
With own children under 6 years
Percent in labor force
With own children 6 to 17 years only
Percent in labor force
CLASS OF WORKER
Employed persons 16 years and over
Pdvate wage and salary workers
Govemment workers
Local government workers
State government workers
Federal govemment workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
99,803,358 1,117,946 39,874 25,627 4,343 1,098
56,672,949 646,632 27,179 16,673 3,446 881
56.8 57.8 68.2 65.1 79.3 80.2
56,487,249 646,293 27,174 16,673 3,441 881
52,976,623 619,421 26,371 16,214 3,293 864
3,510,626 26,872 803 459 148 27
6.2 4.2 3.0 2.8 4.3 3.1
185,700 339 5 - - 5 - -
43,130,409 471,314 12,695 8,954 897 217
99,803,358 1,117,946 39,874 25,627 4,343 1,098
15,233,818 163,692 5,552 3,103 659 335
59.7 69.8 69.8 62.9 78.6 85.7
16,490,186 190,115 4,944 2,572 546 196
75.0 81.8 64.9 82.2 90.8 100.0
115,681,202 1,340,242 64,591 33,465 6,38'1 1,712
89,541,393 990,645 31,130 18,529 3,589 1,197
17,567,100 192,239 19,701 13,282 2,539 424
8,244,755 88,170 2,701 1,524 352 69
5,381,445 74,535 15,428 10,757 1,934 329
3,940,900 29,534 1,566 1,001 233 26
8,067,483 146,166 3,517 1,574 25:3 91
505,226 10,992 243 80 ....
NOTE: These data am based on a sample, subject to sampling variability, and them am limitations to many of these data.
SOURCE: U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, BUREAU OF CENSUS, 1990 CENSUS OF POPULATION.
University
Heights
860
622
72.3
620
607
13
2.1
2
238
397
319
80.4
317
307
10
3.2
2
78
463
303
65.4
303
300
3
1.0
0
160
463
71
71.8
39
92.3
607
237
321
35
274
12
42
7
ecodev/profilej99pro~le.doc 9 Iowa City Community Profile
SELECTED LABOR FORCE CHARACTERISTICS, 1990 (CONTINUED)
OCCUPATION
Employed persons 16 years and over
Executive, administrative, and managerial
occupations
Professional specialty
Technicians and related support
occupations
Sales occupations
Administrative support occupations,
includin9 clerical
Private household occupations
Protective service occupations
Service occupations, except protective
and household
Farming, forestry, and fishing occupations
Precision production, craft, and repair
occupations
Machine operators, assemblers, and
inspectors
Transportation and material moving
moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers
and laborers
INDUSTRY
Employed persons 16 years and over
Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing, non-durable goods
Manufacturing, durable goods
Transportation
Communications and other public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail Irade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Business and repair services
Personal services
Entertainment and recreation services
Health services
Educational services
Other professional and related services
Public administration
Johnson Iowa North University
U.S. Iowa Co. City Corslville Liberty Heights
t15,681,202 1,340,242 54,591 33,465 6,381 1,712 607
14,227,916 128,717 5,461 3,119 790 174 84
16,305,666 170,539 13,459 9,078 1,712 230 261
4,257,235 40,091 3,347 2,234 407 125 38
13,634,686 149,618 5,538 3,760 495 119 61
18,826,477 204,146 8,254 5,242 964 331 75
521,154 5,066 160 84 .....
1,992,852 13,761 587 244 157 15 4
12,781,911 176,350 8,284 5,504 982 253 50
2,839,010 93,780 1,437 202 49 27 6
13,097,963 140,903 3,437 1,548 369 164 16
7,904, 197 98,227 1,775 909 137 102 2
4,729,001 59,779 1,390 742 180 93 5
4,563, 134 59,265 1,462 799 139 79 5
115,681,202 1,340,242 54,591 33,465 6,381 1,712
3,115,372 103,967 1,547 231 61 41
723,423 1,889 60 22 8 7
7,214,763 64,839 1,949 913 175 90
8,053,234 98,223 2,324 1,205 225 95
12,408,844 136,238 2,046 781 195 199
5,108,003 54,886 1,133 480 233 65
3,097,059 28,659 735 381 48 28
5,071,026 62,371 1,223 568 154 46
19,485,666 231,858 9,382 6,518 1,016 185
7,964,870 83,035 1,941 1,160 288 82
5,577,462 49,786 2,174 1,193 241 103
3,668,696 35,769 1,527 751 216 98
1,636,460 13,628 679 487 66 18
9,682,684 120,633 10,364 6,485 1,726 242
9,633,503 129,022 11,817 8,716 991 200
7,682,060 79,933 4,364 2,908 468 155
5,538,077 45,506 1,306 666 268 58
NOTE: These data are based on a sample, subject to sampling variability, and there are limitations to many of these
SOURCE: U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, BUREAU OF CENSUS, 1990 CENSUS OF POPULATION.
607
9
0
6
24
7
8
3
6
84
20
14
4
5
175
187
36
19
data.
e<:x:x:lev/pro~le/99pro~le.doc 10 Iowa City Community Profile
INCOME
PAYCHECK
PERSONAL EARNINGS BY INDUSTRY
JOHNSON COUNTY
(THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS)
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997
Agricultural services, forestry, fisheries, 5, 137 6, 131 (D) (D) 8, 186 7,701 7,719
and other'
Mining 5,325 10,775 (D) (D) 4,123 4,123 4,895
Construction 70,947 78,644 78,644 100,356 100,331 102,600 109,432
Manufacturing 140,411 136,891 140,191 155,829 164,172 171,819 179,114
Nondurable goods 101,215 99,434 100,351 115,195 120,939 123,035 125,475
Durable goods 39,196 37,457 39,840 40,634 43,233 48,784 53,639
Nonmanufacturing
Transportation and public utilities 51,418 54,289 62,360 64,719 83, 104 83,638 88,437
Wholesale trade 41,682 40,896 44,077 45,292 47,189 50,071 56,182
Retail trade 119,956 129,656 135,880 146,356 150, 111 157,836 168,005
Finance, insurance and real estate 44,020 64,707 61,628 68,640 75,116 79,090 81,547
Services 259,303 285,030 305,788 337,665 335, 113 372,898 401,558
Government and government enterprises 711,545 742,571 778,874 833,897 863,142 896,979 917,382
Federal, civilian 52,696 57,487 62,102 65,054 66,477 66,378 65,395
Military 4,624 5,050 4,977 4,876 5,024 5,006 5,230
State and local 654,275 680,034 711,795 763,967 791,641 825,595 846,757
'"Other" consists of the wages and salaries of U.S. residents employed by intemational organizations and by foreign embassies and
consulates in the United States.
(D) Not shown to avoid disclosure of confidential information.
NOTE: Changes since last years profile are due to revised estimates.
SOURCE: REGIONAL ECONOMIC INFORMATION SYSTEM, 1969-1997, MAY 1999, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE,
ECONOMICS & STATISTICS ADMINISTRATION, BUREAU OF ECONOMIC ANALYSIS, REGIONAL ECONOMIC
MEASUREMENT DIVISION.
Related information is available on the Iowa PROfiles Public Resources Online website: http://www.profiles.iastate.edu
ecodev/profile/99profile.doc 11 Iowa City Community Profile
MAJOR SOURCES OF PERSONAL INCOME
JOHNSON COUNTY
(THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS)
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997
Total personal income 1,789,057 1,913,417 2,045,265 2,199,776 2,277,753 2,406,355 2,510,306
Total earnings by place of work 1,464,637 1,558,082 1,635,309 1,786,920 1,856,633 1,856,633 2,042,312
Less: Personal contributions for
social insurance' 79,305 83,714 89,869 99,470 105,450 105,450 121,347
Plus: Adjustment for residence -54,728 -52,924 -56,097 -66,316 -69,963 -69,963 -70,196
Equals: Net earnings by place
of residence 1,330,604 1,421,444 1,489,343 1,621,134 1,681,220 1,681,220 1,850,769
Plus: Dividends, interest, and
rent 303,968 324,971 372,239 385,432 392,747 392,747 429,456
Plus: Transfer payments 154,485 167,002 183,683 193,210 203,786 203,786 230,081
'Personal contributions for social insurance are included in eamings by type and industry but excluded from personal income.
NOTE: Changes since last years profile are can be attributed to revised estimates.
SOURCE: REGIONAL ECONOMIC INFORMATION SYSTEM, 1969-1997, MAY 1999 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE,
ECONOMICS AND STATISTICS ADMINISTRATION, BUREAU OF ECONOMIC ANALYSIS, REGIONAL ECONOMIC
MEASUREMENT DIVISION.
Related information is available on the Iowa PROfiles Public Resources Online website: http://www.profiles.iastate.edu
DISTRIBUTION OF PERSONAL INCOME
JOHNSON COUNTY
(THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS)
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997
Total personal income 1,789,057 1,913,417 2,045,265 2,199,776 2,277,753 2,406,355 2,510,306
Nonfarm personal income 1,774,161 1,894,925 2,038,533 2,177,442 2,271,876 2,381,826 2,482,765
Farm income' 14,896 18,492 6,732 22,334 5,877 24,529 24,529
Population2 96,693 97,980 98,942 100,431 101,224 101,589 101,928
Per capita personal income 18,502 19,529 20,671 21,903 22,495 23,687 24,628
(dollars)
'Farm income consists of proprietors' net income, the wages of hired farm labor, the pay-in-kind of hired farm labor, and the salaries of
officers of corporate farms.
2Mid year population estimates of the Bureau of the Census.
NOTE: Changes since last year's profile are due to revised estimates.
SOURCE: REGIONAL ECONOMIC INFORMATION SYSTEM, 1969-1997, MAY, 1999, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE,
ECONOMICS AND STATISTICS ADMINISTRATION, BUREAU OF ECONOMIC ANALYSIS, REGIONAL ECONOMIC
MEASUREMENT DIVISION.
Related information is available on the Iowa PROfiles Public Resources Online website: http://www.profiles.iastate.edu
ecodev/pro~le/99pro~le.doc 12 Iowa City Community Profile
Private Industry-Total
Agriculture-Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation & Pub. Utilities
Retail/Wholesale Trade
Finance, Insurance, Real Estate
Services
AVERAGE WEEKLY WAGES*
JOHNSON COUNTY, IOWA
Iowa
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1997
$333 $350 $351 $363 $373 $385 $402 $469
$335 $351 $340 $304 $325 $344 $404 $386
$469 $508 $501 $502 $505 $525 $544 $558
$506 $517 $529 $557 $573 $592 $618 $644
$451 $485 $507 $520 $568 $572 $590 $582
$223 $234 $241 $249 $248 $260 $273 $333
$429 $454 $450 $468 $475 $494 $511 $640
$322 $343 $335 $344 $356 $364 $385 $430
Government-Total $576 $601 $622 $640 $663 $686 $707 $523
Federal $561 $621 $638 $654 $677 $692 $722 $710
State $616 $641 $662 $681 $703 $739 $761 $680
Local $392 $408 $429 $440 $467 $463 $478 $449
TOTAL - ALL INDUSTRIES
$425 $444 $452 $464 $477 $491 $508 $477
*Job Insurance Coverage by Major Industry Group - Average Yearly Weekly Wages
SOURCE: EMPLOYMENT & WAGES COVERED BY UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE, IOWA WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT, 1997
ANNUAL.
ecodev/pro~le/99pro~le.doc 13 IOwa City Community Profile
INCOME IN 1989
Johnson Iowa North
U.S, Iowa Co. City Coralville Liberty
INCOME IN 1989
Households 91,993,582 1,065,243 36,118 21,964 4,622 1,122
Less than $5,000 5,664,517 59,821 2,288 1 ]65 192 56
$5,000 to $9,999 8,529,980 113,277 3,665 2,722 439 95
$10,000 to $14,999 8,133,273 111,561 3,681 2,552 504 66
$15,000 to $24,999 16,123,742 221,213 6,559 4,092 954 298
$25,000 to $34,999 14,575,125 194,997 5,707 3,033 948 211
$35.000 to $49,999 16,428,455 191,863 5,819 2,953 803 233
$50,000 to $74,999 13,777,883 121,339 5,151 2,894 578 147
$75,000 to $99,999 4,704,808 28,894 1,581 915 134 t6
$100,000 to $149,999 2,593,768 13,932 1,063 610 47 0
$150,000 or more 1,442,031 8,346 604 428 23 0
Median household income (dollars) 30,056 26,229 27,862 24,565 26,599 27,091
Families 65,049,428 746,331 20,478 10,895 2,450 715
Less than $5,000 2,582,206 23,657 544 406 60 16
$5,000 to $9,999 3,636,361 41,297 943 626 122 8
$10,000 to $14,999 4,676,092 57,394 1,111 664 140 32
$15,000 to $24,999 10,658,345 145,911 2,814 1,545 339 175
$25,000 to $34,999 10,729,951 153,646 3,290 1,496 527 140
$35,000 to $49,999 13,270,930 167,293 4,485 2,035 613 202
$50,000 to $74,999 11,857,079 110, 146 4,396 2,384 492 126
$75,000 to $99,999 4,115,468 26,497 1,399 807 97 16
$100,000 to $149,999 2,259,940 12,816 970 541 47 0
$150,000 or more 1,263,056 7,674 526 391 13 0
Median family income (dollars) 35,225 31,659 39,606 39,259 36.076 34,297
Non-family households 26,944,154 318,912 15,640 11,069 2,172 407
Less than $5,000 3,311,694 38,291 1,773 1,378 142 40
$5,000 to $9,999 5,080,560 73,981 2,807 2,139 329 87
$10,000 to $14,999 3,593,796 55,058 2,622 1,923 366 34
$15,000 to $24,999 5,577,805 75,617 3,772 2,568 612 123
$25,000 to $34,999 3,799,161 39,858 2,358 1,464 434 78
$35,000 to $49,999 2,979,107 22,823 1,308 912 174 34
$50,000 to $74,999 1,685,327 9,690 714 500 74 11
$75,000 to $99,999 482,080 1,970 141 83 31 0
$100,000 to $149,999 274,043 1,013 79 54 0 0
$150,000 or more 160,581 611 68 28 10 0
Median non-family household income (dollars) 17,240 14,190 16,298 15,270 19,375 18,323
Per capita income (dollars) 14,420 12,422 14,113 13,277 14,387 11,529
INCOME TYPE IN 1989
Households 91,993,582 1,065,243 36,118 21,964 4,622 1,122
With wage and salary income 71,174,232 795,447 31,406 19,189 4,236 1,010
Mean wage and salary income (dollars) 37,271 29,886 32,990 31,045 30,103 28,583
With non-farm self-employment income 10,810,605 142,564 5,246 3,049 521 132
Mean non-farm self-employment income (dollars) 20,218 13,460 13,734 13,863 8,391 12,395
With farm self-employment income 2,020,105 100,006 1,616 319 78 19
Mean farm self-employment income (dollars) 10,064 12,425 9,263 5,359 6,478 3,295
With Social Secudty income 24,210,922 321,229 5,581 3,046 577 117
Mean Social Secudty income (dollars) 7,772 7,939 8,073 8,212 7,603 6,095
With public assistant income 6,943,269 61,798 1,102 626 185 19
Mean public assistance income (dollars) 4,078 3,764 3.665 3,498 4,419 4,337
With retirement income 14.353,202 138,398 3,151 1,952 282 101
Mean retirement income (dollars) 9,216 7,040 8,888 9,351 7,764 4,967
NOTE: These data am based on a sample, subject to sampling variability, and them are limitations to many of these data.
SOURCE: U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, BUREAU OF CENSUS, 1990 CENSUS OF POPULATION.
University
Heights
470
13
18
26
56
66
95
74
52
44
26
43,750
289
2
0
9
15
27
66
55
50
44
21
62,479
181
11
18
19
39
39
31
17
2
0
5
25,875
27,396
470
399
48,025
83
33,797
21
1,408
107
10,558
17
3,135
75
14,542
Iowa City Community Profile
CITY-TO-CITY COST-OF-LIVING COMPARISON
100.0 = ALL-CITY AVERAGE
Quarter
Surveyed
All-Items Grocery
Index Index
Housing Utility
Index Index
Iowa Communities
Ames 3rdQ98 100.9 92.3 108.0 99,8 99.8 106.4
Cedar Rapids 3rdQ98 98.2 95.0 95.5 113.1 98.9 92.4
Des Moines 3rdQ98 96.1 87.0 90.2 97.3 105,6 96.7
Dubuque 3rdQ98 106.7 96.3 124.7 104.3 97.3 98.6
Iowa City 2ndQ98 99.3 96.4 98.9 104.6 101.6 90.6
Mason City 3rdQ98 97.7 90.5 98.3 105.4 100.3 90.3
Quad Cities 3rdQ98 97.1 100.9 91.4 96.6 102.9 96.0
Watedoo/C. Falls 3rdQ98 99.8 93.5 105.1 101.3 102.0 90.6
Selected Midwestern Communities
Transport.
Index
Health Care
Index
Misc. Goods
& Services Index
99.2
99.2
102.4
101.2
100.5
99.1
98.7
98.8
Denver, CO 3rdQ98 108.1 106.7 123.7 84.6 115.6 124.2 96.6
Grand Rapids, MI 3rdQ98 104.7 104.9 118.0 84.6 106.8 89.7 99.8
Peoria, I L 3rdQ98 105.1 102.6 106.7 98.0 104.5 98.3 107.9
Indianapolis, IN 3rdQ98 96.6 99.7 92.4 97.3 94.7 93.8 99.6
Lawrence, KS 3rdQ98 104.0 95.2 110.6 102.0 94.2 95.7 107.3
Rochester, MN 3rdQ98 101.4 99.5 98.4 95.9 108.2 123.5 100.9
St. Louis, MO 3rdQ98 98.1 102.0 98.0 97.7 97.3 109.4 94.9
Omaha, NE 3rdQ98 92.6 92.9 92.8 88.7 101.5 90.9 90.7
Bismark, ND 3rdQ98 101.2 108.7 100.0 87.1 100.8 97.4 102.6
Sioux Falls, SD 3rdQ98 96.8 98.9 92.5 95.6 98.1 100.6 98.9
Madison, WI 3rdQ98 106.8 102.8 122.8 92.0 106.2 102.6 99.7
Other Selected Communities
Atlanta, GA 3rdQ98 102.2 104.2 103.5 94.8 101.9 105.6 101.6
Louisville, KY 3rdQ98 94.2 90.8 91.1 92.8 106.8 89.4 95.8
Las Vegas, NV 3rdQ98 105.2 115.5 105.0 84.5 107.4 115.5 103.2
Columbus, OH 3rdQ98 98.0 101.9 94.0 122.8 104.3 91.6 96.7
Philadelphia, PA 3rdQ98 121.2 108.6 141.7 154.0 115.0 99.1 107.1
Dallas, TX 3rdQ98 98.6 95.3 96.4 96.7 105.6 102.7 99.8
SOURCE: ACCRA, FORMERLY AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE RESEARCHERS ASSOCIATION.
Up-to-date information & information on other cities is available on the Internet at: http://www.state.ia.us/government/ided/trends/citycol.html
ecodev/pro~le/99pro~le.doc 15 Iowa City Community Profile
GOVERNMENT & TAXES
MUNICIPAL & COUNTY GOVERNMENT FOR METRO AREA
Form of local government
Comprehensive plan
Zoning Ordinance in effect
Subdivision ordinance with
design standards in effect
Full-time fire fighters
Volunteer fire fighters
Full-time peace officers
Land area
(acres)
(square miles)
Iowa City Coralville North Liberty Johnson County
Mayor- Mayor- Mayor- Board of
Council- Administrator Council Supervisors
Manager
yes yes yes yes
yes yes yes yes
yes yes yes yes
51 0 0 0
0 30 30 0
75 27 0 51
15,890 6,446 3,200 396,352
24.8 10.07 5 623
SOURCE: CITY OF IOWA CITY, CITY OF CORALVILLE, CITY OF NORTH LIBERTY, AND JOHNSON COUNTY, APRIL 1999.
COMPARATIVE PROPERTY TAX RATES
FOR IOWA'S LARGEST CITIES
Fiscal Year '98
City. Consolidated Property
Tax Rate'
Des Moines 44.44447
Waterloo 41.02819
Cedar Falls 37.37913
Sioux City 35.52916
Davenport 34.04530
Mason City 32.11829
Iowa City 31.52783
Cedar Rapids 31.03325
Ames 30.04141
Dubuque 29.56695
'Tax rate per $1,000 assessed value. Consolidated tax rate is the total tax rate for all taxing districts.
SOURCE: IOWA CITY ASSESSOR'S OFFICE, MARCH 1999; BLACKHAWK COUNTY AUDITOR'S OFFICE, APRIL 1999; POLK
COUNTY AUDITOR'S OFFICE, APRIL 1999.
ecodev/pm~ld99pro~le,doc 16 Iowa City Community Profile
TAX LEVIES FOR JOHNSON COUNTY, IOWA
IN DOLLARS PER THOUSAND
.1997 ASSESSED VALUES
TAXES PAYABLE .1998-'I 999
INCORPORATED TOWNS
AND CITIES
School School City Total
District City District County Assessor Total Total Other' Levy
44 Coralville Clear Creek 5.37568 0.35066 12.08285 10.75020 .63944 29.19883
45 Coralville Iowa City 5.37568 0.35066 12.07513 10.75020 .63944 29.19111
70 Iowa City Clear Creek 5.37568 0.30415 12.08285 13.13343 .63944 31.53550
50 Iowa City Iowa City 5.37568 0.30415 12.07513 13.13343 .63944 31.52783
55 North Liberty Clear Creek 5.37568 0.35066 12.08285 8.55672 .63944 27.00535
56 North Liberty Iowa City 5.37568 0.35066 12.07513 8.55672 .63944 26.99763
69 University Iowa City 5.37568 0.36066 12.07513 8.76155 .63944 27.20246
Heights
UNINCORPORATED RURALAREAS
School School Town- Total
District Township District County Assessor Total ship Other' Levy
Total
71 East Lucas Iowa City 8.30948 0.35066 12.07513 0.40500 0.63944 21,77971
19 Newport Iowa City 8.30948 0.35066 12.07513 0.56235 0.63944 21.93706
20 Newport Solon 8.30948 0.35066 13.45826 0.56235 0.63944 23.32019
16 Penn Iowa City 8.30948 0.35066 12.07513 0.46994 0.63944 21.84465
23 Scott Iowa City 8.30948 0.35066 12.07513 0.47473 0.63944 21.84944
25 Scott Lone Tree 8.30948 0.35066 10.08220 0.40500 0.63944 19.85651
'Agricultural Extension Council Levies (0.06734), Area × Community College Levies (0.56710), and State of Iowa (Brucellosis & TB) Levies
(0.00500).
SOURCE: JOHNSON COUNTY AUDITOR'S OFFICE, JANUARY 1999.
ecodev/pro~le/99profiledoc 17 Iowa City Community Profile
REAL PROPERTY VALUATION
(MILLIONS OF DOLLARS)
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
Johnson County2
Aggregate Actual Value of Real Property
Taxable Actual Value of Real Property
Iowa City
Aggregate Actual Value of Real Property
Taxable Actual Value of Real Property
Coralville
Aggregate Actual Value of Real Property
Taxable Actual Value of Real Property
North Liberty
Aggregate Actual Value of Real Property
Taxable Actual Value of Real Property
University Heights
Aggregate Actual Value of Real Property
Taxable Actual Value of Real Property
'Includes TIF incremental values.
2Includes both incorporated and unincorporated areas.
NOTE:
SOURCE:
$3,255.0 $3,413.4 $3,904.6 $4,108.5 $4,535.7 $4,707.3
$2,597.1 $2,705.2 $2,838.8 $3,002.3 $3,159.8 $3,351.2
$1,780.4 $1,858.7 $2,130.3 $2,185.2 $2,371.4 $2,416.8
$1,427.8 $1,483.3 $1,562.4 $1,612.1 $1,672.0 $1,741.6
$393.7 $424.1 $490.1 $547.1 $624.6 $691.6
$329.8 $351.3 $374.9 $426.6 $465.2 $525.4
$59,7 $63,0 $76,8 $122,6 $153,2 $169,1
$43,4 $45,6 $46,6 $86,1 $102,9 $117,2
$47,2 $47,7 $52,7 $52,7 $55,4 $56,4
$33,2 $33,4 $32,9 $32,7 $32,5 $32,9
All valuations as of January 1 of that year. Figures do not include debt service. Figures include regular and agricultural land.
JOHNSON COUNTY AUDITOR'S OFFICE, JANUARY 1999.
ecodev/pro~le/99pro~le.doc 18 Iowa City Community Profile
INDUSTRY
ALL INDUSTRIES, 1996
JOHNSON COUNTY
SIC Number of Annual Payroll Total number of
Code employees ($1,000) establishments
Total for all industries 42.746 917,270 2.454
07 Agricultural Services, Forestry, and Fishing (C) (D) 37
10 Mining (B) (D) 4
15 Construction 1,870 55,701 297
20 Manufacturing 3,990 121,242 91
40 Transportation and Public Utilities 1,910 55,165 90
50 Wholesale Trade 1,280 35,537 108
52 Retail Trade 11,572 133,367 661
60 Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate 1,526 39,435 216
70 Services 20,316 470,980 940
99 Unclassified Establishments 8 69 10
*Excludes most government employees, railroad employees, and self-employed persons.
(D) denotes figures withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies.
NOTE:
Employment-size classes are indicated as follows: A-0 to 19; B-20 to 99; C-100 to 249; E-250 to 499; F-500 to 999; G-1,000
to 2,499; H-2,500 to 4,999; I-5,000 to 9,999; J-10,000 to 24,999; K-25,000 to 49,999; L-50,000 to 99,999; M-100,000 or more.
SOURCE: U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, COUNTY BUSINESS PATTERNS, IOWA, 1996.
More complete information is available on the U.S. Census web page: http://www.census.gov/epcd/cbp/map/96data/19/103.TXT
ecodev/profile/99profile.doc 19 Iowa City Community Profile
EMPLOYMENT RANKING OF IOWA CITY AREA
EMPLOYERS WITH 125 OR MORE EMPLOYEES
Business
University of Iowa, Iowa City
University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City
Iowa City Community School District, Iowa City
Veteran's Administration Hospital, Iowa City
Hy-Vee Food Stores, Iowa City and Coralville
Mercy Hospital, Iowa City
National Computer Systems, Iowa City
ACT, Iowa City
United Technologies Automotive
Rockwell International-Collins Aviation & Communications Division, Coralville
Oral B Laboratories, Iowa City
Procter & Gamble, Iowa City
City of Iowa City, Iowa City
MCI Mass Markets, Iowa City
Systems Unlimited, Iowa City
Johnson County Government, Iowa City
Wal-Mart, Iowa City
Moore Document Solutions, Iowa City
Target, Coralville
Centro, Inc., North Liberty
GElCO Direct Auto Insurance, Coralville
Hills Bank & Trust, Iowa City
Hawkeye Food Systems, Coralville
Goodwill Industries, Iowa City
Heartland Express, Coralville
Rexam Release, Iowa City
Clear Creek Amana School District, Tiffin
Iowa City Press-Citizen, Iowa City
Iowa State Bank, Iowa City
City of Coralville, Coralville
Holiday Inn, Iowa City
North Liberty Plastics, North Liberty
Mercantile Bank, Iowa City
Bloomington Prairie Warehouse, Iowa City
L.L. Pelling, North Liberty
Cub Foods, Iowa City
Dillards, Coralville
Seabury & Smith, Iowa City
Banker's Advertising/Tru Art Color Graphics, Iowa City
Econofoods, Iowa City
J.M. Swank Co., North Liberty
City Carton Company, Iowa City
Knutson Construction Services, Iowa City
SOURCE: IOWA CITY AREA DEVELOPMENT GROUP, INC., APRIL 1999.
Number
of Employees
17,043
7,500
1,242
1,221
1,200
1,150
943
862
840
800
792
584
580
480
450
448
365
360
310
350
290
250
247
240
365
200
200
196
194
175
175
174
172
157
150
150
150
15o
140
135
130
128
125
ecodev/profile/99profile.doc 20 Iowa City Community Profile
MANUFACTURING
SIC
Code
20
201
2011
2015
202
2022
2026
204
2048
208
2082
209
2095
2096
2099
22
226
2261
23
239
3294
24
243
2434
244
2448
25
251
2519
254
2541
26
267
2672
27
271
272
273
2731
274
275
MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES, 1996
JOHNSON COUNTY
Number of
employees
Manufacturing, total 3,990
Food and kindred products 413
Meat products (B)
Meat packing plants (A)
Poultry slaughtering and processing (B)
Dairy products (C)
Cheese, natural and processed (B)
Fluid milk (B)
Grain mill products 104
Prepared feeds, n.e.c. 104
Beverages (A)
Malt beverages (A)
Misc. food and kindred products (B)
Roasted coffee (A)
Potato chips and similar snacks (A)
Food preparations, n.e.c. (B)
Textile mill products (A)
Textile finishing, except wool (A)
Finishing plants, cotton (A)
Apparel and other textile products (A)
Misc. fabricated textile products (A)
Canvas and related products (A)
Lumber and wood products 31
Millwork, plywood and structural mem- (B)
Wood kitchen cabinets (A)
Wood containers (A)
Wood pallets and skids (A)
Furniture and fixtures (A)
Household furniture (A)
Household furniture, n.e.c. (A)
Partitions and fixtures (A)
Wood partitions and fixtures (A)
Paper and allied products (C)
Misc. converted paper products (C)
Paper coated and laminated, n.e.c. (C)
Printing and publishing 874
Newspapers (C)
Periodicals (A)
Books (A)
Book publishing (A)
Miscellaneous printing (B)
Commercial printing 229
Annual Payroll Total number of
($1,000) establishments
121,242 91
13,590 11
(D) 2
(D) 1
(d) 1
(D) 2
(D) 1
(D) 1
3,080 3
3,080 3
(D) 1
(D) 1
(D) 3
(D) 1
(D) 1
(D) 1
(D) 1
(D) 1
(D) 1
(D) 1
(D) 1
(D) 1
510 4
(D) 3
(D) 1
(D) 1
(D) 1
(D) 2
(D) 1
(D) 1
(D) 1
(D) 1
(D) 1
(D) 1
(D) 1
21,086 25
(D) 5
(D) 3
(D) 1
(D) 1
(D) 3
5,827 11
ecodev/pro~le/99nro~le.doc 2 1 Iowa City Community Profile
SIC
Code
2752
2754
2759
276
278
2789
28
283
2835
284
2844
289
2899
30
308
3081
3082
3086
3089
31
314
3142
32
327
3272
3273
33
334
34
344
3442
3446
349
3499
35
37
371
3714
38
382
3821
3827
384
3841
3842
3845
385
39
391
3911
396
3965
399
3991
Number of
employees
Commercial printing, litho.qraphic 182
Commercial printing, gravure (A)
Commercial printing, n.e.c. (B)
Manifold business forms (E)
Blank books and book bindin.q (A)
Book binding and related work (A)
Chemicals and allied products (F)
Drugs (A)
Diagnostic substances (A)
Soap, cleaners and toilet goods (F)
Toilet preparations (A)
Miscellaneous chemical products (A)
Chemical preparations, n.e.c. (A)
Rubber and misc. plastics products 1,284
Miscellaneous plastics products, n.e.c. 1,269
Unsupported plastics film and sheet (A)
Unsupported plastics profile shapes (A)
Plastics foam products (F)
Plastics products, n.e.c. (E)
Leather and leather products (A)
Footwear, except rubber (A)
House slippers (A)
Stone, clay and glass products (B)
Concrete, gypsum and plaster products (B)
Concrete products, n.e.c. (A)
Ready-mixed concrete (B)
Primary metal industries (A)
Secondary nonferrous metals (A)
Fabricated metal products 15
Fabricated structural metal products (A)
Metal doors, sash and trim (A)
Architectural metal work (A)
Misc. fabricated metal products (A)
Fabricated metal products, n.e.c. (A)
Industrial machinery and equipment 6
Transportation equipment (A)
Motor vehicles and equipment (A)
Motor vehicles, parts, and accessories (A)
Instruments and related products (B)
Measuring and controlling devices (A)
Laboratory apparatus and furniture (A)
Optical instruments and lenses (A)
Medical instruments and supplies (A)
Surgical and medical instruments (A)
Surgical appliances and supplies (A)
Electrometal (A)
Ophthalmic goods (A)
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries (E)
Jewelry, silverware and plated ware (A)
Jewelry precious metal A
Costume jewelry and notions (A)
Fasteners, buttons, needles, and pins (A)
Miscellaneous manufacturers (E)
Brooms and brushes (E)
Annual PayrollTotal number of
($1,000) establishments
5,050 6
(D) 1
(D) 4
(D) 1
(D) 1
(D) 1
(D) 3
(D) 1
(D) 1
(D) 1
(D) 1
(D) 1
(D) 1
28,560 9
32,741 9
(D) 1
(D) 1
(D) 2
(D) 5
(D) 1
(D) 1
(D) 1
(D) 3
(D) 3
(D) 1
(D) 2
(D) 1
(D) 1
302 3
(D) 2
(D) 1
(D) 1
(D) 1
(D) 1
93 5
(D) 1
(D) 1
(D) 1
(D) 10
(D) 2
(D) ~
(D) '~
(D) 7
(D) 5
(D) 2
(D) 1
(D) 1
(D) 8
(D) 1
D 1
(D) 1
(D) 1
(D) 6
(D) ~
ecodev/profile/99pmfile.doc 22 Iowa City Community Profile
SIC Number of Annual Payroll Total number of
Code employees ($1,000) establishments
3993 Si.qns and advertisin.q specialties (A) (D) 2
3999 Manufacturing industries, n.e.c. (B) (D) 3
399\ Administrative and auxiliary (B) (D) 2
(D) denotes figures withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies.
n.e.c. denotes not elsewhere classified.
NOTE: Employment-size classes are indicated as follows: A-0 to 19; Bo20 to 99; C-100 to 249; E-250 to 499; 1=-500 to 999; G-1,000
to 2,499; H-2,500 to 4,999; I-5,000 to 9,999; J-10,000 to 24,999; K-25,000 to 49,999; L-50,O00 to 99,999; M-100,000 or more.
SOURCE: U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, COUNTY BUSINESS PATFERNS, 1996.
More complete information is available on the U.S. Census web page: http://www.census.gov/epcd/cbp/map/96data/19/103.TXT
ecodevlprofitej99profile.doc 23 Iowa City Community Profile
CONSTRUCTION & MINING
CONSTRUCTION & MINING INDUSTRIES, 1996
JOHNSON COUNTY
sic Number of Annual Payroll Total number of
Code employees ($1,000) establishments
Mining, total (B) (D) 4
Construction, total 1.870 55,701 297
14 Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels (B) (D) 3
142 Crushed and broken stone (B) (D) 2
1422 Crushed and broken limestone (B) (D) 2
144 Sand and gravel (A) (D) 1
1442 Construction sand and gravel (A) (D) 1
149 Administrative and auxiliary (A) (D) 1
15 General contractors &operative builders 630 16,038 109
151 General building contractors 578 14,720 95
153 Operative builders (A) (D) 1
16 Heavy construction, except building 99 5,904 15
161 Highway and street construction 61 4, 129 6
162 Heavy construction, except highway 38 1,765 9
17 Special trade contractors 1,141 33,759 173
1 71 Plumbing, heating, air-conditioning 255 8,008 33
172 Painting and paper hanging 40 845 18
173 Electrical work 197 6,234 20
174 Masonry, stonework, and plastering 128 2, 142 20
1741 Masonry and other stone work 18 338 7
1742 Plastering, drywall and insulation 105 1,696 9
1743 Terrazzo, tile, marble, mosaic work (A) (D) 2
175 Carpentry and floor work 107 2,227 25
1751 Carpentry work 93 2,015 18
1752 Floor laying and floor work, n.e.c. 14 211 6
176 Roofing, siding &sheet metal work 123 3,665 11
177 Concrete work 150 6,708 24
179 Miscellaneous special trade contractors 136 3,843 21
1791 Structural steel erection (B) (D) 2
1794 Excavation work 73 1,772 10
1796 Installing building equipment, n.e.c. (A) (D) 1
1799 Special trade contractors, n.e.c. 35 1,290 6
(D) denotes figures withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies.
n.e.c. denotes not elsewhere classified.
NOTE: Employment-size classes are indicated as follows: A-0 to 19; B-20 to 99; C-100 to 249; E-250 to 499; F-500 to 999; G-l,000
to 2,499; H-2,500 to 4,999; I-5,000 to 9,999; J-10,000 to 24,999; K-25,000 to 49,999; L-50,000 to 99,999; M-100,000 or more.
SOURCE: U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, COUNTY BUSINESS PATFERNS, 1996.
More complete information is available on the U.S. Census web page: http://www.census.gov/epcd/cbp/map/96data/19/103.TXT
ecodev/profile/99profile.doc 24 Iowa City Community Profile
BUILDING PERMIT INFORMATION
UNINCORPORATED JOHNSON COUNTY
New Construction
Year # of permits Value ($)
Repair. Remodeling & Additions
# of permits Value ($)
# of
1990 185 16,388,519 46 840,715
1991 188 19,253,232 63 1,098,929
1992 207 22,005,903 88 1,747,639
1993 210 23,069,382 147 1,952,729
1994 211 26,045,612 107 1,832,203
1995 156 19,285,326 97 1,621,535
1996 161 17,706,176 104 1,884,932
1997 177 20,292,279 104 2,169,612
1998 201 25,812,434 112 2,448,739
SOURCE: JOHNSON COUNTY PLANNING & ZONING DEPARTMENT, APRIL 1999.
Total Construction
permits Value ($)
231 17,229,234
251 20,357,661
295 23,753,542
357 25,022,111
318 27,877,815
253 20,906,861
265 19,591,108
281 22,461,891
313 28,261,173
BUILDING PERMIT INFORMATION
CITY OF IOWA CITY
New Construction
Year # of permits Value(S)
Repair. Remodeling & Additions
# of permits Value(S)
Total Construction
# of permits Value(S)
1990 230 34,544,897 277 9,580,447
1991 227 28,170,971 365 13,992,461
1992 296 38,493,204 353 11,575,717
1993 334 45,229,704 478 17,793,077
1994 322 58,123,207 476 12,641,883
1995 230 34,496,979 452 10,560,489
1996 188 41,772,894 479 9,580,545
1997 207 38,263,484 700 17,261,696
1998 259 36,856,049 551 14,903,880
'Figures include residential, commercial, industrial permits, public works, and other non-residential structures
grading or demolition permits.
507 44,125,344
592 42,163,432
649 50,068,921
812 63,022,781
798 70,765,090
691 45,057,468
667 51,353,439
907 55,525,180
810 51,768,929
butdo notinclude moving,
NOTE: Figures include public and private construction, but do not include construction on University property.
SOURCE: CITY OF IOWA CITY HOUSING & INSPECTION SERVICES, APRIL 1999.
ecodev/profile/99profile.doc 25 Iowa City Community Profile
BUILDING PERMIT INFORMATION~
CITY OF CORALVILLE
Year
New Construction
# of permits Value ($)
Repair, Remodeling & Additions
# of permits Value ($)
Total Construction
# of permits Value ($)
1990 77 9,635,148 73 595,413 150 10,230,561
1991 99 17,148,332 95 2,400,291 194 19,548,623
1992 116 23,835,600 72 1,216,325 188 25,051,915
1993 148 20,968,919 119 5,417,399 267 26,386,318
1994 142 22,515,600 93 1,725,679 235 24,241,279
1995 92 14,717,000 102 6,732,476 194 21,449,476
1996 133 21,236,332 72 770,829 205 22,007,161
1997 131 56,652,239 83 1,464,125 214 58,116,364
1998 242 46,668,022 70 1,034,621 312 43,702,643
'Figures include residential, commercial, industrial permits, public works, and other non-residential structures, but do not include moving,
grading, or demolition permits.
SOURCE: CITY OF CORALVILLE, APRIL 1999.
NEW INDUSTRIAL BUILDING PERMITS
Iowa City
North Liberty
Year # of Permits TotalValue(S) # of Permits Total Value(S)
1990 5 247,890 N/A N/A
1991 4 749,806 N/A N/A
1992 0 0 N/A N/A
1993 1 25,000 3 832,500
1994 0 0 4 6,208,856
1995 0 0 2 270,000
1996 2 43,499 I 157,000
1997 I 55,000 0 0
1998 9 854,000 0 0
NOTE: Industrial building permits for Coralville are included in the figure for commercial building permits.
SOURCE: CITY OF IOWA CITY HOUSING & INSPECTION SERVICES, CITY OF NORTH LIBERTY, APRIL 1999.
ecodev/profile/99profile.dcc 26 Iowa City Community Profile
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n-
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0
0
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.~od~or~o...~ 27 Iowa City Community Profile
FINANCE,
INSURANCE & REAL ESTAT
FINANCE, INSURANCE & REAL ESTATE INDUSTRIES, 1996
JOHNSON COUNTY
SIC Number of Annual Payroll
Code employees ($1,000)
Finance. Insurance &Real Estate. total 1.526 39.435
60 Depository institutions 760 18,786
602 Commercial banks 639 16,317
603 Savings institutions (B) (D)
606 Credit Unions (B) (D)
61 Nondepository institutions 15 548
614 Personal credit institutions (A) (D)
615 Business credit institutions (A) (D)
62 Security and commodity brokers 47 1,879
621 Secudty brokers and dealers 41 1,797
628 Security and commodity services 6 82
63 Insurance carders 23 521
631 Life insurance (A) (D)
632 Medical service and health insurance (A) (D)
6324 Hospital and medical service plans (A) (D)
633 Fire, marine, and casualty insurance 8 320
64 Insurance agents, brokers, and service 177 4,841
65 Real estate 335 8,357
651 Real estate operators and lessors 138 3,560
653 Real estate agents and managers 161 3,563
654 Title abstract offices 22 664
655 Subdividers and developers 14 564
6552 Subdividers and developers, n.e.c. 4 392
6553 Cemetery subdividers and developers (A) (D)
67 Holding &other investment offices 169 4,503
671 Holding offices (A) (D)
673 Trusts (C) (D)
6732 Educational, religious, etc. trusts (C) (D)
679 Miscellaneous investing 3 117
(D) denotes figures withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies.
n.e.c. denotes not elsewhere classified.
Total number of
establishments
216
34
23
3
6
5
4
1
13
9
4
7
2
1
1
4
51
96
43
39
3
10
6
2
10
3
4
4
2
NOTE: Employment-size classes are indicated as follows: A-0 to 19; B-20 to 99; C-100 to 249; E-250 to 499; F-500 to 999; G-l,000 to 2,499; H-2,500 to
4,999; I-5,000 to 9,999; J-10,000 to 24,999; K-25,000 to 49,999; L-50,000 to 99,999; M-100,000 or more.
SOURCE: U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, COUNTY BUSINESS PA'i'rERNS, IOWA, 1996.
More complete information is available on the U.S. Census web page: http://www.census.gov/epcd/cbp/map/96data/19/103.TXT
IOWA CITY-BASED FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
Type of Institution Number Total Assets
Banks' 2 $485,525,000
Credit Unions 2 190,539,949
Savings & Loan 2 N/A
'Includes only those banks based in Iowa City. Total is as of December 1998.
Hills Bank & Trust is based in Hills, Iowa. First National Bank merged with Mercantile Bank as of November 1998.
SOURCE: STATE OF IOWA, BANKING DIVISION, JUNE 1999; STATE OF IOWA, CREDIT UNION DIVISION, JUNE 1999.
ecodevlprofile/99profile.doc 28 Iowa City Community Profile
RETAIL- WHOLESALE TRADE
RETAIL AND WHOLESALE TRADE INDUSTRIES, 1996
JOHNSON COUNTY
Number of Annual Payroll Total number of
SIC Code employees ($1,000) establishments
Retail trade, total 11,572
52 Building materials and garden supplies 572
521 Lumber and other building materials 387
523 Paint, glass and wallpaper stores (B)
525 Hardware stores 68
526 Retail nurseries and garden stores 72
527 Mobile home dealers (A)
53 General merchandise stores 1,060
531 Department stores (B)
539 Misc. general merchandise stores (D)
54 Food stores 1,678
541 Grocery stores 1,595
543 Fruit and vegetable markets (A)
544 Candy, nut and confectionery stores (A)
545 Dairy product stores A
546 Retail bakedes 55
549 Miscellaneous food stores (A)
55 Automotive dealers &service stations 914
551 New &used car dealers 416
552 Used car dealers 13
553 Auto & home supply stores 92
554 Gasoline service stations 357
555 Boat Dealers (A)
556 Recreational vehicle dealers (A)
557 Motorcycle dealers 17
56 Apparel and accessory stores 414
561 MeWs and boys' clothing stores 33
562 Women's clothing stores 102
563 Women's accessory and specialty stores 33
564 Children's and infants' wear stores (A)
565 Family clothing stores 115
566 Shoe stores 104
569 Misc. apparel and accessory stores 13
57 Furniture and homefurnishings stores 515
571 Fumiture and homefurnishings stores (C)
5712 Furniture stores 101
5713 Floor covedng stores 57
5714 Drapery and upholstery stores (A)
133,367 661
10,859 34
7,053 14
(D) 6
850 6
129 6
(D) 2
12,358 11
(D) 8
(D) 3
20,930 45
20,109 35
(D) 1
(D) 2
D 1
502 6
(D) 1
19,922 73
11,719 11
312 7
1,686 12
4,685 37
(D) 1
(D) ~
358 3
3,418 53
399 4
785 12
225 6
(D) 2
882 9
836 13
199 3
8,767 65
(D) 30
1,380 12
1,697 8
(D) 2
ecodev/pro~le/99profile.doc 29 Iowa City Community Profile
Total number of
SIC Code establishments
5719
572
573
5731
5734
5735
5736
58
5812
5813
59
591
592
593
594
5941
5942
5943
5944
5945
5946
5947
5948
5949
596
5961
5962
5963
598
5984
599
5992
5993
5994
5995
5999
599
50
501
5013
5014
5015
502
5021
503
Misc. homefumishings stores
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and computer stores
Radio, TV & electronic stores
Computer and software stores
Record and prerecorded tape stores
Musical Instrument stores
Eating and drinking places
Eating places
Drinking places
Miscellaneous retail
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Liquor stores
Used merchandise stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores
Sporting goods & bicycle shops
Book stores
Stationery stores
Jewelry stores
Hobby, toy and game shops
Camera and photog. supply stores
Gift, novelty & souvenir shops
Luggage and leather goods stores
Sewing, needlework, and piece goods
Nonstore retailers
Catalog and mail-order houses
Merchandising machine operators
Direct selling establishments
Fuel dealers
Liquefied petroleum gas dealers
Retail stores, n.e.c. Florists
Tobacco stores and stands
News dealers and news stands
Optical goods stores
Miscellaneous retail stores, n.e.c.
Administrative and auxiliary
Wholesale trade, total
Wholesale trade - durable goods
Motor vehicles, pads & supplies
Motor vehicle supplies and new parts
Tires and tubes
Motor vehicle parts, used
Furniture and homefurnishings
Furniture
Lumber and construction materials
Number of
employees
Annual Payroll
($1,000)
50 705 8
(B) (D) 3
273 4,636 29
113 1,625 6
(A) (D) 4
62 702 13
(B) (D) 6
4,864 35,267 206
4,229 31,047 158
626 3,404 40
1,432 19,751 169
263 3,845 15
27 184 3
86 671 15
580 6,017 66
145 1,363 10
108 1,620 9
(A) (D) 1
83 1,204 14
58 479 8
(B) (d) 2
105 596 15
(A) (D) 1
43 354 5
200 4,976 20
(C) (D) 5
(a) (D) 3
(B) (D) 12
18 385 5
18 385 5
256 3,649 44
78 742 10
(A) (d) 1
(a) (d) 1
(B) (D) 6
126 2,112 26
123 1,740 8
1,280 35,537 108
654 17,327 63
100 1,899 11
(B) (D) 9
(B) (D) 1
(A) (D) 1
(B) (D) 1
(B) (D) 1
81 1,753 8
ecodev/profile/99profile.doc 30 Iowa City Community Profile
Total number of
SIC Code establishments
5031
5032
5033
5039
504
5044
5045
5046
5047
505
5051
506
5063
5064
5065
507
5072
5074
5075
508
5083
5084
5085
5087
5088
509
5091
5093
5099
51
511
5112
5113
513
5136
514
5141
5145
515
5153
5154
516
Lumber, plywood and millwork
Brick, stone and related materials
Roofing, siding, and insulation
Construction materials, n.e.c.
Professional and commercial equipment
Office equipment
Computers, peripherals and software
Commercial equipment, n.e.c.
Medical and hospital equipment
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Metals service centers and offices
Electrical goods
Electrical apparatus and equipment
Electrical appliances, TV, and radios
Electronic parts and equipment
Hardware, plumbing & heating equipment
Hardware
Plumbing and hydronic heating supplies
Warm air heating and air-conditioning
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Farm and garden machinery
Industrial machinery and equipment
Industrial supplies
Service establishment equipment
Transportation equipment and supplies
Miscellaneous durable goods
Sporting and recreational goods
Scrap and waste materials
Durable goods, n.e.c.
Wholesale trade-nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Stationary and office supplies
Industrial and personal service paper
Apparel piece goods and notions
Men's and boy's clothing
Groceries and related products
Groceries, general line
Confectionery
Farm-product raw materials
Grain and field beans
Livestock
Chemicals and allied products
Number of
employees
Annual Payroll
($1,000)
71 1,447 5
(A) (D) 2
(A) (D) 1
(A) (d) 1
99 3, 199 11
(A) (d) 1
(B) (D) S
(A) (D) 1
54 2, 188 4
(A) (D) 1
(A) (D) 1
92 3,037 9
39 1,523 4
(B) (D) 1
(A) (D) 4
72 2,123 6
(A) (D) 1
(B) (D) 4
(A) (D) 1
77 2,416 12
24 534 4
(B) (D) 3
(A) (D) 2
(A) (D) 2
(A) (D) 1
(B) (D) 4
(B) (D) 1
(B) (D) 2
(A) (D) 1
626 18,210 45
10 105 5
(A) (d) 4
(A) (d) 1
9 158 3
(A) (D) 1
(E) (D) 3
(E) (D) 2
(A) (d) 1
129 3,602 6
(C) (D) 4
(A) (D) 2
(A) (D) 2
ecodev/profile/99profile.doc 31 Iowa City Community Profile
Number of Annual Payroll Total number of
I 0 establishments
SIC Code employees ($ , 00)
5162 Plastic materials and basic shapes (A) (D) 1
5169 Chemicals and allied products, n.e.c. (A) (D) 1
517 Petroleum and petroleum products (B) (D) 8
5171 Petroleum bulk stations & terminals (B) (D) 6
5172 Petroleum products, n.e.c. (A) (D) 2
518 Beer, wine & distilled beverages 32 553 3
5181 Beer and ale (B) (D) 2
5182 Wine and distilled beverages (A) (D) 1
519 Misc. nondurable goods 127 4,612 14
5191 Farm supplies 115 4,518 9
5192 Books, periodicals, and newspapers (A) (D) 1
5193 Flowers and florists' supplies (A) (D) 1
5199 Nondurable goods, n.e.c. (A) (D) 3
(D) denotes figures withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies.
n.e.c. denotes not elsewhere classified.
NOTE: Employment-size classes are indicated as follows: A-0 to 19; B-20 to 99; C-100 to 249; E-250 to 499; F-500 to 999; G-l,000 to 2,499; H-2,500 to
4,999; I-5,000 to 9,999; J-10,000 to 24,999; K-25,000 to 49,999; L-50,000 to 99,999; M-100,000 or more.
SOURCE: U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, COUNTY BUSINESS PATTERNS, 1996.
More complete information is available on the U.S. Census web page: http://www.census.gov/epcd/cbp/map/96data/19/103,TXT
ecodev/profile/99profile.doc 32 Iowa City Community Profile
TAXABLE RETAIL SALES SUMMARY - JOHNSON COUNTY*
RETAIL SALES BY MUNICIPALITY
(IN MILLIONS OF CURRENT DOLLARS)
Remainder of Johnson
Fiscal Year Iowa City Coralville Johnson County County
1991 480.9 116.2 44.8 641.9
1992 505.2 123.1 45.0 673.3
1993 536.9 138.3 42.3 717.5
1994 578.7 146.5 46.5 771.7
1995 615.5 159.3 48.5 823.3
1996 657.7 155.3 48.5 861.5
1997 677.7 173.2 55.8 906.7
1998 701.1 171.2 59.5 931.8
TAXABLE RETAIL SALES BY BUSINESS CLASS*
CITY OF IOWA CITY
(IN MILLIONS OF CURRENT DOLLARS)
Business Classification 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
Utilities 63.0 66.3 70.9 78.6 77.3 85.3 85.8 83.2
Building Materials 13.7 15.0 15.7 18.5 32.3 38.9 41.9 47.0
General Merchandise 70.1 78.0 89.6 96.3 100.7 105.0 106.9 110.8
Food Stores' 35.5 35.2 33.2 35.8 35.1 38.6 41.2 45.3
Motor Vehicle 17.5 18.4 18.5 20.4 21.8 23.1 23.9 26.4
Apparel 21.0 20.3 19.1 20.7 20.4 20.6 21.8 23.3
Home Furnishings 25.2 26.3 30.2 35.3 39.7 55.9 62.7 74.2
Eating & Drinking Places 65.2 70.0 73.5 78.6 81.5 83.5 84.0 83.3
Specialty Stores 55.1 57.0 58.3 61.0 64.2 65.7 66.8 66.3
Services 67.4 70.0 76.0 78.6 83.7 84.8 84.0 87.5
Wholesale 22.7 24.0 21.1 23.1 24.8 24.4 27.4 27.3
Miscellaneous 24.5 25.4 30.8 31.9 34.0 31.9 31.4 35.1
TOTAL~ 480.9 505.2 536.9 578.7 615.5 657.7 677.7 709.7
*Fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31. For example, FY98 funs from April 1, 1997 to March 31, 1998
'The user should note that the food store classification has been adjusted to include only taxable food store sales. Community Profiles
prior to 1995 had adjusted the food store classification to reflect taxable and non-taxable food store sales.
2Coralville sales for these categories are included in the Miscellaneous category for the following years Building Materials for 1991 & 1992.
Utilities for 1991 and 1992, Food Stores for 1991 and 1992, and Apparel for 1991-92, 1994-96, and 1998.
3Johnson County sales outside of Iowa City and Coralville for this category are included in Miscellaneous.
4Constant dollars base period 1983. Figures were scaled using the Regional CPI.
h'he user should note that total retail sales figures have been adjusted to reflect the adjusted food store classification (see Footnote 1 ). The
listed total figures differ from the total figures listed in previous Community Profiles.
NOTE: Columns may not equal totals due to rounding. Retail sales figures listed in tables are for taxable retail items, except for
adjustment to food classification (see Footnote 1 ).
SOURCE: IOWA DEPARTMENT OF REVENUE AND FINANCE, IOWA RETAIL SALES & USE TAX REPORTS, ANNUAL FY1998.
ecodev/profile/99profile.doc 33 Iowa City Community Profile
TAXABLE RETAIL SALES BY BUSINESS CLASS*
CITY OF CORALVILLE
(IN MILLIONS OF CURRENT DOLLARS)
Business Classification 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
Utilities2 - - 2.5 3.0 2.7 4.2 3.9 4.0
Building Materials2 - - 16.2 19.8 19.4 15.2 14.5 13.7
General Merchandise 7.4 7.6 7.4 8.2 8.3 2.7 3.1 4.4
Food Stores'~ - - 10.0 11.5 12.0 13.7 12.2 14.0
Motor Vehicle 4.3 4.7 5.0 4.8 5.3 5.9 6.5 6.4
Apparel2 - - 0.5 - - - 0.9 -
Home Furnishings 8.7 7.1 11.4 12.7 13.5 13.9 15.9 18.0
Eating & Drinking Places 22.7 23.8 24.5 23.3 26.9 27.6 29.3 32.1
Specialty Stores 19.3 20.6 21.3 18.1 23.6 26.5 25.3 26.1
Services 19.3 20.8 24.6 25.9 27.2 25.5 27.5 29.8
Wholesale 6.4 7.1 8.1 9.8 10.6 10.9 24.0 13.5
Miscellaneous 27.9 31.4 6.8 9.5 9.9 9.3 10.1 9.6
TOTALs 116.2 123.1 138.3 146.5 159.3 155.3 173.2 171.6
RETAIL SALES BY BUSINESS CLASS*
REMAINDER OF JOHNSON COUNTY
(IN MILLIONS OF CURRENT DOLLARS)
Business Classification
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
Utilities 0.6 0.6 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.7 2.0
Building Materials 6.2 7.1 8.0 9.9 10.7 8.4 9.0 10.3
General Merchandise 1.5 1.7 1.6 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.9 3.3
Food Stores' 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.6 2.6 2.5
Motor Vehicle 1.9 2.1 1.9 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9
Apparel3 ........
Home Furnishings 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.8 1.0 1.0
Eating & Drinking Places 8.1 6.6 4.6 4.2 5.0 5.5 5.7 6.9
Specialty Stores 5.4 4.8 4.0 3.8 3.2 3.1 3.1 2.9
Services 8.7 9.2 8.7 9.1 8.9 9.4 9.8 9.0
Wholesale 4.4 4.0 4.3 5.8 6.7 5.8 5.9 5.1
Miscellaneous 4.8 5.6 5.1 5.5 5.4 7.3 12.2 14.1
TOTAL5 44.8 45.0 42.4 46.5 48.5 48.5 55.6 59.1
*Fiscal year runs from April I to March 31. For example, FY98 funs from April 1, 1997 to March 31, 1998
'The user should note that the food store classification has been adjusted to include only taxable food store sales. Community Profiles
prior to 1995 had adjusted the food store classification to reflect taxable and non-taxable food store sales.
2Coralville sales for these categories are included in the Miscellaneous category for the following years Building Materials for 1991 & 1992.
Utilities for 1991 and 1992, Food Stores for 1991 and 1992, and Apparel for 1991-92, 1994-96, and 1998.
3Johnson County sales outside of Iowa City and Coralville for this category are included in Miscellaneous.
'Constant dollars base period 1983. Figures were scaled using the Regional CPI.
'The user should note that total retail sales figures have been adjusted to reflect the adjusted food store classification (see Footnote 1 ). The
listed total figures differ from the total figures listed in previous Community Profiles.
NOTE: Columns may not equal totals due to rounding. Retail sales figures listed in tables are for taxable retail items, except for
adjustment to food classification (see Footnote 1 ).
SOURCE: IOWA DEPARTMENT OF REVENUE AND FINANCE, IOWA RETAIL SALES & USE TAX REPORTS, ANNUAL FY1998.
ecodevlprofile/~:J9profile.doc 34 Iowa City Community Profile
TAXABLE RETAIL SALES BY BUSINESS CLASS
JOHNSON COUNTY
(IN MILLIONS OF CURRENT DOLLARS)
Business Classification
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996
Utilities2
Building Materials2
General Merchandise
Food Stores''2
Motor Vehicle
Apparel2'3
Home Furnishings
Eating & Drinking Places
Specialty Stores
Services
Wholesale
Miscellaneous
TOTALs
63.5 67.0 74.3 82.5 81.1 90.9
19.9 22.2 39.9 48.1 62.4 62.5
79.1 87.3 98.6 106.4 111.0 109.8
37.7 37.4 45.4 49.6 49.5 54.9
23.8 25.2 25.4 27.0 28.9 30.9
21.0 20.3 19.6 20.7 20.4 20.5
34.9 34.5 42.6 49.1 54.2 70.6
96.0 100.1 102.5 106.0 113.4 116.6
79.9 82.0 83.7 83.0 91.0 95.3
95.3 100.0 109.3 113.6 119.9 119.7
33.6 35.0 33.5 38.7 42.2 41.1
57.3 62.4 42.6 46.9 49.3 48.5
641.9 673.3 717.5 771.7 823.3 861.5
1997
91.4
65.4
112.9
56.0
32.3
23.6
79.6
118.8
95.2
121.3
51.3
53.7
906.5
1998
89.3
71.0
118.5
61.8
34.7
23.4
93.2
122.3
95.3
126.3
45.9
58.9
940.6
TAXABLE RETAIL SALES BY BUSINESS CLASS
JOHNSON COUNTY
(IN MILLIONS OF CONSTAN'I" DOLLARS)
Business Classification 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997. 1998
Utilities2 51.2 49.3 50.1 54.2 58.5 55.9 60.7 59.3 56.6
Building Materials~ 25.8 15.5 16.6 29.1 34.1 43.0 41.7 43.5 45.0
General Merchandise 61.0 61.4 65.4 71.9 75.4 76.4 73.4 73.2 75.1
Food Stores~'2 28.8 29.3 28.0 33.1 35,2 34.1 36,7 36.4 39,2
Motor Vehicle 19.6 18.5 18.9 18.5 19.1 19.9 20.6 20.9 22.0
Apparel2'3 17.2 16.3 15.2 14.2 14.7 14.0 13.7 14.7 14.8
Home Furnishings 25.8 27,1 25,8 31.1 34.8 37.3 47.2 51.7 59.1
Eating & Drinking Places 76.2 74.6 75.0 74.7 75.1 78.1 77.9 77.2 77.5
Specialty Stores 60.7 62.0 61.5 61.0 58.8 62.6 63.6 61.8 60.4
Services 72.6 74.0 74.9 79.6 80.5 82.5 80.0 78.7 80.0
Wholesale 29.1 26.1 26.3 24.4 27.4 29.0 27.5 37.1 29.1
Miscellaneous 33.6 44.5 46.8 31.1 33.2 34.0 32.4 34.8 37.3
TOTAL5 498.0 498.5 504.5 522.9 546.8 566.8 575.5 588.3 596.0
*Fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31. For example, FY98 funs from April 1, 1997 to March 31, 1998
'The user should note that the food store classification has been adjusted to include only taxable food store sales. Community Profiles
prior to 1995 had adjusted the food store classification to reflect taxable and non-taxable food store sales.
2Coralville sales for these categories are included in the Miscellaneous category for the following years Building Materials for 1991 & 1992.
Utilities for 1991 and 1992, Food Stores for 1991 and 1992, and Apparel for 1991-92, 1994-96, and 1998.
3Johnson County sales outside of Iowa City and Coralville for this category are included in Miscellaneous.
'Constant dollars base period 1983. Figures were scaled using the Regional CPI.
h'he user should note that total retail sales figures have been adjusted to reflect the adjusted food store classification (see Footnote 1). The
listed total figures differ from the total figures listed in previous Community Profiles.
NOTE: Columns may not equal totals due to rounding. Retail sales figures listed in tables are for taxable retail items, except for
adjustment to food classification (see Footnote 1 ).
SOURCE: IOWA DEPARTMENT OF REVENUE AND FINANCE, IOWA RETAIL SALES & USE TAX REPORTS, ANNUAL FY1998.
ecodevlprofile/99profile.doc 35 Iowa City Community Profile
MARKET TRADE AREA INFORMATION, 1997
JOHNSON COUNTY
Counties
Median Per
Effective Number of Household Capita
Population EBI($)~ Households EBI($) EBI($)
Johnson 102,600 1,791,703,800 38,400 35,531 13,850
Linn 182,200 3,187,589,000 71,300 38,233 17,495
Benton 25,000 359,250,000 9,700 32,357 14,370
Buchanan 21,500 292,658,000 7,800 29,433 13,612
Jones 20,700 259,205,400 7,400 28,935 12,522
Delaware 18,300 249,374, 100 6,700 29, 140 13,627
Cedar 17,300 280,813,600 6,800 36,457 16,232
Iowa 15,300 261,461,700 6,200 36,010 17,069
TOTAL 402,900 6,682,055,600 154,300 N/A 16,585
'Effective Buying Income (EBI) - a term developed by Market Statistics. EBI is defined as disposable personal income, that amount of gross
income available after taxes to purchase goods and services.
SOURCE: 1998 DEMOGRAPHICS USA - COUNTY EDITION, MARKET STATISTICS, 1998.
NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS BY
EFFECTIVE BUYING INCOME GROUPS, 1997
Income Range
Johnson County
% of Households
<$15,000 19.46%
$15,000 - $24,999 15.61%
$25,000 - $49,999 31.25%
$50,000 - $74,999 19.19%
$75,000 - $99,999 7.78%
$100,00 - $149,999 4.04%
$150,000+ 2.67%
SOURCE: 1998 DEMOGRAPHICS USA - COUNTY EDITION, MARKET STATISTICS, 1998.
ecodev/pro~le/99pro~le.doc 36 Iowa City Community Profile
IOWA CITY AREA MAJOR RETAIL CENTERS
OVER 100,000 SQUARE FEET
Name
Coral Ridge Mall
Old Capitol Mall
Sycamore Mall
Westpod Plaza
Pepperwood Place
Gateway One Center
East
Lantern Park Plaza
Area
Gross Gross
Leasable Area Type Major Tenants Square Footage
1,200,000 Enclosed mall Dillards 128,700
Target 122,000
Younkers 100,000
Sears 98,600
JCPenney 85,300
276,000 Enclosed mall Younkers 56,000
Osco 16,000
Campus Theatres 12,000
240,000 Enclosed mall Von Maur 44,000
201,000 Retail center WaI-Mart 110,000
Cub Foods 67,000
Staples 24,000
128,000 Strip mall Econofoods 63,000
122,000 Strip mall Fin &Feather 26,000
Planet X 24,600
Hy-Vee 67,000
102,000 Strip mall Shop Ko 73,000
SOURCE: OLD CAPITOL MALL, SYCAMORE MALL, SOUTHGATE DEVELOPMENT, HAWKEYE INVESTMENTS, GERRY
AMBROSE, CORAL RIDGE MALL, JUNE 1998.
ecodevlprofile/99profile.doc 37 Iowa City Community Profile
SERVICE INDUSTRIES
SERVICE INDUSTRIES, 1996
JOHNSON COUNTY
SIC Number of Annual Payroll Total number of
Code employees ($1,000) establishments
Services, total 20,316
70 Hotels and other lodging places 952
701 Hotels and motels 852
702 Rooming and boarding houses (A)
703 Camps and recreational vehicle parks (A)
7032 Sporting and recreational camps (A)
7033 Trailer parks and campsites (A)
704 Membership-basis organization hotels 87
72 Personal services 494
721 Laundry, cleaning and garment services 99
7213 Linen supply (A)
7215 Coin-operated laundries and cleaning (B)
7216 Drycleaning plants, except rug 55
7217 Carpet and upholstery cleaning (A)
722 Photographic studies, portrait 13
723 Beauty shops 227
724 Barber shops (A)
725 Shoe repair and shoeshine parlors (A)
726 Funeral service & crematories 25
729 Miscellaneous personal services 114
7291 Tax return preparation services 73
7299 Miscellaneous personal services, n.e.c. 41
73 Business services 3, 102
731 Advertising (B)
7311 Advertising agencies (B)
7312 Outdoor advertising agencies (A)
7319 Advertising, n.e.c. (A)
732 Credit reporting and collection (B)
7322 Adjustment and collection services (B)
733 Mailing, reproduction, stenographic 48
7331 Direct mail advertising services (A)
7334 Photocopying and duplicating services 31
7335 Commercial Photography (A)
7336 Commercial art and graphic design 12
7338 Secretarial and court reporting (A)
734 Services to buildings 245
7342 Disinfecting and pest control services 13
7349 Building maintenance services, n.e.c. 231
735 Miscellaneous equipment rental & leasing 100
7352 Medical equipment rental (B)
7359 Equipment rental and leasing, n.e.c. 81
736 Personnel supply services 679
470,980
8,559
7,944
(D)
(D)
(D)
(D)
470
5,708
1,013
(D)
(D)
564
(D)
122
2,987
(D)
(D)
571
752
426
326
61,684
(D)
(D)
(D)
(D)
(D)
(D)
860
(D)
392
(D)
347
(D)
1,813
329
1,480
2,177
(D)
1,406
7,807
940
45
16
1
3
1
2
25
86
19
3
5
5
6
4
41
2
2
4
14
5
9
117
4
2
1
1
1
1
14
2
3
1
6
2
23
5
17
14
5
9
8
ecodev/profile/99profile.doc 38 Iowa City Community Profile
SIC
Code
7361
7363
737
7371
7372
7373
7374
7375
7376
7378
7379
738
7381
7384
7389
75
751
7513
7514
7519
753
7532
7533
7536
7537
7538
7539
754
7542
7549
76
762
7622
7629
764
769
7692
7694
7699
78
781
7812
7819
783
7832
784
79
791
792
7922
7929
793
794
7948
Employment agencies
Help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Computer programming services
Prepackaged software
Computer integrated system design
Data processing and preparation
Information retrieval services
Computer facilities management
Computer maintenance and repair
Computer related services, n.e.c.
Miscellaneous business services
Detective and armored car services
Photofinishing laboratories
Business services, n.e.c.
Auto repair, services & parking
Automotive rentals, no drivers
Truck rental and leasing, no ddvers
Passenger car rental
Utility trailer rental
Automotive repair shops
Top and body repair and paint shops
Auto exhaust system repair shops
Automotive glass replacement shops
Automotive transmission repair shops
General automotive repair shops
Automotive repair shops, n.e.c.
Automotive services, except repair Car washes
Automotive services, n.e.c.
Miscellaneous repair services
Electrical repair shops
Radio and television repair
Electrical repair shops, n.e.c.
Reupholstery and furniture repair
Miscellaneous repair shops Welding repair
Armature rewinding shops
Repair services, n.e.c.
Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services
Motion picture and video production
Services allied to motion pictures
Motion picture theaters
Motion picture theaters, ex drive-in
Videotape rental
Amusement and recreation services
Dance studios, schools, and halls
Producers, orchestras, entertainers
Theatrical producers and services
Entertainers and entertainment groups
Bowling centers
Commercial sports
Racing, including track operations
Number of
employees
(B)
(F)
1,648
(B)
63
(B)
(G)
(A)
(A)
(A)
(A)
315
(B)
(A)
229
298
(B)
(A)
(A)
(A)
202
77
22
(A)
(A)
78
(A)
(B)
7
62
117
35
(B)
(A)
11
70
40
(A)
(B)
161
(A)
(A)
(A)
(B)
(B)
91
314
(A)
19
9
10
48
(A)
(A)
Annual Payroll
($1,000)
(D)
(D)
44,199
(D)
3,381
(D)
(D)
(D)
(D)
(D)
2,783
(D)
(D)
1,751
5,800
(D)
(D)
(D)
(D)
4,661
1,881
611
(D)
(D)
1,499
(D)
(D)
51
722
2,029
792
(D)
(D)
74
1,147
755
(D)
(D)
1,183
(D)
(D)
(D)
(D)
(D)
601
2,337
(D)
137
92
45
343
(D)
(D)
Total number of
establishments
3
5
32
7
4
2
6
2
1
3
6
18
4
2
12
63
5
2
2
1
47
14
3
1
1
26
1
10
3
6
26
4
2
2
5
16
5
1
10
18
2
1
1
4
4
12
49
6
8
4
4
3
1
1
ecodevlprofile/99profile.doc 39 Iowa City Community Profile
SIC
Code
799
7991
7992
7993
7997
7999
80
801
802
804
8041
8042
8043
8049
805
806
807
8071
8072
808
809
81
82
821
822
824
829
83
832
833
835
836
839
841
86
861
862
863
864
866
869
87
871
8711
8712
8713
872
873
8731
8732
8733
8734
874
Misc. amusement, recreation services
Physical fitness facilities
Public golf courses
Coin-operated amusement devices
Membership sports and recreation clubs
Amusement and recreation, n.e.c.
Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Offices and clinics of dentists
Offices of other health practitioners
Offices of clinics of chiropractors
Offices of clinics of optometrists
Offices of clinics of podiatrists
Offices of health practitioners, n.e.c.
Nursing and personal care facilities
Hospitals
Medical and dental laboratories
Medical laboratories
Dental laboratories
Home health care services
Health and allied services, n.e.c.
Legal services
Educational services
Elementary and secondary schools
Colleges and universities
Vocational schools
Schools and educational services, n.e.c.
Social services
Individual and family services
Job training and related services
Child day care services
Residential care
Social services, n.e.c.
Museums, botanical, zoological gardens
Museums and art galleries
Membership organizations
Business associations
Professional organizations
Labor organizations
Civic and social associations
Religious organizations
Membership organizations, n.e.c.
Engineering and management services
Engineering and architectural services
Engineering services
Architectural services
Surveying services
Accounting, auditing and bookkeeping
Research and testing services
Commercial physical research
Commercial non-physical research
Noncommercial research organizations
Testing laboratories
Management and public relations
Number of
employees
231
161
28
13
24
5
10,203
407
218
179
30
53
16
80
396
8,557
38
(A)
232
176
200
129
31
(A)
(A)
90
1,779
154
(c)
625
697
(B)
16
16
703
14
22
16
141
473
37
1,710
238
130
77
(a)
124
123
18
(B)
67
(A)
1,225
Annual Payroll
($1,000)
1,740
856
458
105
194
127
289,544
18,756
4,697
4,080
455
1,341
340
1,944
5,897
248,165
709
(D)
(D)
3,271
3,969
4,442
2,901
224
(D)
(D)
2,569
18,490
3,03
(D)
4500
7,484
(D)
273
273
8,984
341
667
53
1,606
5,524
793
56,111
9,317
5,026
2,682
2,625
3,879
781
(D)
2,566
40,290
Total number of
establishments
31
8
5
4
7
7
158
46
40
39
16
6
3
14
7
4
6
1
5
7
9
49
19
4
1
2
10
124
19
3
45
44
2
5
5
95
5
5
5
19
56
5
75
27
12
11
2
16
14
5
2
5
1
18
ec4xlev/profile/99profile,doc 40 Iowa City Community Profile
SIC Number of Annual Payroll Total number of
Code employees ($1,000) establishments
8741 Management services (B)
8742 Management consulting services (B)
8748 Business consulting, n.e.c. (G)
89 Services, n.e.c. 3
899\ Administrative and auxiliary 135
(D) denotes figures withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies.
n.e.c. denotes not elsewhere classified.
(D) 7
(D) 7
(D) 4
39 3
2,896 8
NOTE:
Employment-size classes are indicated as follows: A-0 to 19; B-20 to 99; C-100 to 249; E-250 to 499; F-500 to 999; G-1,000
to 2,499; H-2,500 to 4,999; I-5,000 to 9,999; J-10,000 to 24,999; K-25,000 to 49,999; L-50,000 to 99,999; M-100,000 or more.
SOURCE: U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, COUNTY BUSINESS PATTERNS, 1996.
More complete information is available on the U.S. Census web page: http://www.census.gov/epcd/cbp/map/96data/19/103.TXT
ecodev/profile/99profile.doc 41 Iowa city Community Profile
TRANSPORTATION,
COMMUNICATIONS
& UTILITIES
TRANSPORTATION, COMMUNICATIONS & UTILITIES INDUSTRIES, 1996
JOHNSON COUNTY
SIC Number of Annual Payroll Total number of
Code employees ($1,000) establishments
Transportation and public utilities, total 1,910 55,165 90
41 Local and interurban passenger transit 204 1,764 8
411 Local and suburban transportation (B) (D) 3
4111 Local and suburban transit (A) (D) 1
4119 Local passenger transportation, n.e.c. (B) (D) 2
412 Taxicabs 69 443 3
415 School buses (C) (D) 2
42 Trucking and warehousing 1,319 40,882 40
421 Trucking & courier services, except air (G) (D) 38
422 Public warehousing and storage (B) (D) 2
4222 Refrigerated warehousing &storage (B) (D) 1
4225 General warehousing and storage (A) (D) 1
45 Transportation by air (A) (D) 1
452 Air transportation, non-scheduled (A) (D) 1
46 Pipelines, except natural gas 54 2,206 5
461 Pipelines except natural gas 54 2,206 5
4619 Pipeline, n.e.c. (A) (D) 1
47 Transportation services (B) (D) 12
472 Passenger transportation arrangement 56 1,029 11
4724 Travel agencies 56 1,029 11
473 Freight transportation arrangement (A) (D) 1
48 Communication 168 4,527 17
481 Telephone communication 57 2,316 11
4812 Radiotelephone communications (A) (D) 2
4813 Telephone communications, exc. radio (B) (D) 9
482 Telegraph and other communications (A) (D) 1
483 Radio and television broadcasting (B) (D) 3
484 Cable and other pay TV services (B) (D) 2
49 Electric, gas and sanitary services 100 4,597 7
491 Electric services (A) (D) 2
492 Gas production and distribution (A) (D) 1
493 Combination utility services (B) (D) 1
4931 Electrical and other services combined (B) (D) 1
495 Sanitary services (A) (D) 1
497 Irrigation systems (A) (D) 1
(D) denotes figures withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies.
n.e.c. denotes not elsewhere classified.
NOTE: Employment-size classes are indicated as follows: Ao0 to 19; B-20 to 99; C-100 to 249; E-250 to 499; F-500 to 999; G-l,000
to 2,499; H-2,500 to 4,999; I-5,000 to 9,999; J-10,000 to 24,999; K-25,000 to 49,999; L-50,000 to 99,999; M-100,000 or more.
SOURCE: U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, COUNTY BUSINESS PATFERNS, 1996.
More complete information is available on the U.S. Census web page: http://www.census.gov/epcd/cbp/map/96data/19/103.TXT
ecodev/pro~le/99pro~le.doc 42 Iowa City Community Profile
Highways Serving Iowa City MSA:
Federal: Hwy. 6, Hwy. 218
State: Hwy. 1, Hwy. 965
Interstate: 1-80, 1-380
Bus Service:
Greyhound and Trailways
HIGHWAY TRANSPORTATION
JOHNSON COUNTY
Local Trucking Terminals:
All-Ways Interstate Trucking Co.
Block Trucking
Central Transport
CF Motorfreight
Clark Bros., Inc.
Crouse Cartage
H & W Motor Express Co.
Independent Freightways
Iowa City Express
Iowa Interstate Intermodal
Inway
Hummer Trucking
Robinson CH Co.
Schweinfurth Transfer
Sharkey Transportation
Three I Truck Line Inc.
Transport Corp. of America
Westway Express Inc.
Winder Trucking
Wintz Companies
SOURCE: THE IOWA CITY WHITE & YELLOW PAGES, U.S. WEST DIRECT, NOVEMBER 1998/1999.
RAIL TRANSPORTATION
JOHNSON COUNTY
Rail Service:
Cedar Rapids and Iowa City Railway (CRANDIC)
Iowa Interstate Railroad
Distance to Nearest Piggyback Service:
Local
SOURCE: IOWA DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, IOWA CITY COMMUNITY QUICK REFERENCE, NOV. 1998.
ecodev/profile/99pro~le.doc 43 Iowa City Community Profile
AIR SERVICE
Johnson County
Iowa City Municipal Airport:
Distance to Downtown:
Runway:
Equipment:
2 miles
4,355 feet x 150 feet hard surface, 39,001 feet x 150 feet and 2,600 feet x 150 feet
Unicom radio, GPS approach on 30 and 24, VOR and non-directional
beacon, ASOS
The Eastern Iowa Airport:
Distance to Iowa City: 20 miles
Total commercial flights per day: 76
Commercial airlines:
National:
Northwest Airline
TWA
United
Regional:
American Eagle
Comair
Northwest Air Link
U.S. Air Express
All Cargo:
Airbome Express
Federal Express
United Parcel Service
Non-stop Passenger Flights to:
Denver Chicago
Minneapolis Kansas City
St. Louis
Cincinnati
SOURCE: IOWA CITY MUNICIPAL AIRPORT, APRIL 1999; THE EASTERN IOWA AIRPORT, MARCH 1999
ecodev/profile/99profile.doc 44 Iowa City Community Profile
SOURCE:
LENGTH OF TIME GOODS IN TRANSIT FROM IOWA CITY TO:
Days by Days by
Railroad Motor Freight
City Miles (Carload) (Truckload)
Atlanta 876 2 2
Chicago 200 1 1
Denver 800 2 2
Des Moines 110 1 1
Kansas City 300 1 1
Los Angeles 1,950 4 5
Milwaukee 225 1 1
Minneapolis 290 1 1
New Orleans 1,150 3 3
New York 1,007 4 4
Omaha 225 1 1
St. Louis 280 2 1
IOWA DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, IOWA CITY QUICK COMMUNITY REFERENCE, NOV. 1998.
SELECTED COMMUTING CHARACTERISTICS, 1990
Johnson Iowa North University
U.S. Iowa Co. City Coralville Liberty Heights
COMMUTING TO WORK
Workers 16 years and over 115,070,274 1,322,064 53,401 32,580 6,268 1,704 601
Percent drove alone 73.2 73.4 59.3 51.7 72.8 77.2 54.4
Percent in carpools 13.4 11.9 13.2 11.9 12.2 18.0 8.0
Percent using public transportation 5.3 1.2 7.6 10.2 10.1 0.9 7.2
Percent using other means 1.1 0.9 2.4 3.3 0.0 0.5 0.3
Percent walked or worked at home 6.9 12.5 17.6 22.9 4.4 3.3 27.0
Mean travel time to work (minutes) 22.4 16.2 16.4 14.6 16.1 19.6 14.5
VEHICLES AVAILABLE
Occupied housing units 91,947,410 1,064,325 36,067 21,951 4,605 1,147 474
None 10,602,297 75,273 2,741 2,069 300 14 25
I 31,038,711 332, 116 13,211 9,239 1,894 408 206
2 34,361,045 429,628 13,881 7,762 2,004 488 187
3 or more 15,945,357 227,308 6,234 2,881 407 237 56
NOTE: These data are based on a sample, subject to sampling variability, and there are limitations to many of these data.
SOURCE: U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, BUREAU OF CENSUS, 1990 CENSUS OF POPULATION.
ecodev/pro~leJ99pro~le.doc 45 Iowa City Community Profile
TELEVISION MARKET AREA
AREA OF DOMINANT INFLUENCE
Includes the following counties:
Allamakee, Benton, Blackhawk, Bremer, Buchanan, Butler, Cedar,
Delaware, Dubuque, Fayette, Grundy, Iowa, Johnson, Jones,
Washington, Winneshiek; Grant, WI.
Total Number of Households: 327,800
Total Population: 852,600
Effective Buying Income (EBI): $13,115,721,800
Retail Sales: $8,509,710,000
SOURCE: 1998 DEMOGRAPHICS USA-COUNTY EDITION, MARKET STATISTICS, 1998.
Chickasaw, Clayton,
Keokuk, Linn, Tama,
TELEVISION STATIONS - IOWA CITY AREA
Station Network Location Channel
KGAN CBS Cedar Rapids 2
KWWL NBC Waterloo 7
KCRG ABC Cedar Rapids 9
KFXA FOX Cedar Rapids 28
WHBF CBS Rock Island, IL 4
KWQC NBC Davenport 6
WQAD ABC Moline, IL 8
KLJB FOX Davenport 18
KIlN PBS Des Moines 12
CABLE TELEVISION - IOWA CITY AREA
Channel
2
4
10
11
12
Source
Locally produced programming
Governmental programming
Iowa City Public Library
Iowa City Community School District
University of Iowa
Cable Television Providers
TCI Cable serves Iowa City, Coralville, and University Heights.
Galaxy Cablevision no longer serves North Liberty. TCI purchased Galaxy Cablevision, TCI assumed
control on May 1, 1999
ecodev/profile/99profile.doc 46 Iowa City Community Profile
NEWSPAPER CIRCULATION - IOWA CITY AREA
Iowa City Press-Citizen
Daily lowan
Cedar Rapids Gazette
Johnson County
Des Moines Register
Johnson County
ICON
Weekday
16 500
20 000
67 751
7 700
159 090
1 297
18 0002
Sunday
19,000'
83,672
11,500
258,881
2,907
'Saturday/Sunday paper is delivered on Saturday
2The Icon is a weekly newspaper
SOURCE: IOWA CITY PRESS CITIZEN, DAILY lOWAN, CEDAR RAPIDS GAZE'I'FE AND DES MOINES REGISTER, MAY 1999.
RADIO STATIONS - IOWA CITY
AREA
Station Location
KBOB 99.7 FM Davenport
KCII 1380 AM/95.3 FM Washington
KCJJ 1560 AM Iowa City
KCCK 88.3 FM Cedar Rapids
KCRG 1600 AM Cedar Rapids
KHAK 1360 AM/98.1 FM Cedar Rapids
KKRQ 100.7 FM Iowa City
KXMX 102.9 FM Cedar Rapids
KRNA 94.1 FM Iowa City
KRUI 89.7 FM University of Iowa
KSUI 91.7 FM University of Iowa
KDAT 104.5 FM Cedar Rapids
KUNI 90.9 FM Cedar Falls
KXIC 800 AM Iowa City
WMT 600 AM/96.5 FM Cedar Rapids
WSUI 910 AM University of Iowa
SOURCE: THE IOWA CITY WHITE & YELLOW PAGES, U.S. WEST DIRECT, 1998/99 AND MCLEOD USA WHITE & YELLOW
PAGES,1998/99.
ecodev/pro~le/99profile.doc 47 Iowa City Community Profile
PRIVATE UTILITIES
IOWA CITY
Telephone Service
Local Service:
Long Distance Service:
U.S. West Communications, McLeod USA and South Slope Co-op Telephone Company
AT&T TeleCom
MCI US Sprint
INS
Electric Service
Mid-American Energy
Natural Gas Service Mid-American Energy (local distributor)
Natural Gas Pipeline Co. (pipeline source)
SOURCE:
IOWA DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, IOWA CITY COMMUNITY QUICK REFERENCE, NOVEMBER
1998; CORALVILLE COMMUNITY QUICK REFERENCE, NOVEMBER 1998 AND NORTH LIBERTY COMMUNITY QUICK
REFERENCE, APRIL 1998.
PUBLIC UTILITIES
IOWA CITY
Water Service
City of Iowa City
Water Source:
Elevated storage capacity: 600 gallons per day
Capacity of plant: 10.5 million gallons per day
Average Daily Consumption: 6.7 million gallons per day
Peak Consumption: 10.2 million gallons per day
Sanitation City of Iowa City
Secondary sewage treatment plant:
Actual Average load: 12 million gallons per day
Actual Peak load: 94 million gallons per day
Design capacity: 28.0 million gallons per day
Waste pick-up available
SOURCE: IOWA DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, IOWA CITY COMMUNITY QUICK REFERENCE, NOV. 1998.
ecodev/profile/99profiledoc 48 Iowa City Community Profile
HOUSING
NEW MULTI-FAMILY DWELLING BUILDING PERMITS~
Iowa City Coralville2 North Liberty
Year # of Permits Total Value ($) # of Permits Total Value ($) # of Permits Total Value ($)
1990 21 (203) 7,168,550 05 (10) N/A 1 447,734
1991 15 (140) 5,950,000 12 (137) N/A 0 280,000
1992 21 (312) 9,600,000 11 (72) N/A 0 -
1993 24 (235) 9,726,121 05 (29) 1,230,000 07 (53) 1,841,0003
1994 28 (335) 12,793,325 09 (78) 2,215,000 02 (19) 741,000
1995 14 (166) 8,165,541 10 (88) 2,671,000 12 (38) 914,000
1996 19 (218) 11,108,901 10 (96) 1,541,000 10 (92) 2,792,84
1997 24 (185) 10,397,114 05 (28) 1,475,000 02 (20) 599,000
1998 15 (97) 6,822,828 07 (49) 3,784,000 6 (72) 1,409,629
'Number of dwelling units in parenthesis.
2Specific values of Coralville building permits are unavailable for the years pdor to 1993.
~Value for 11 of the apartment units in 1993 are included in a commercial permit.
SOURCE: CITY OF IOWA CITY HSG. & INSPECTION SERV., CITY OF CORALVILLE, CITY OF NORTH LIBERTY, MARCH 1999.
NEW DUPLEX DWELLING BUILDING PERMITS
Iowa City Coralville' North Liberty
Year # of Permits TotalValue(S) # of Permits TotalValue(S) #of Permits TotalValue(S)
1990 1 140,140 25 N/A 4 311,806
1991 5 741,468 36 N/A 4 280,000
1992 6 900,327 46 N/A 5 380,000
1993 10 2,091,991 37 3,860,000 7 716,000
1994 14 2,436,487 30 3,645,000 - -
1995 8 1,414,088 20 2,925,000 - -
1996 14 2,760,082 11 1,142,000 - -
1997 13 2,527,987 6 865,000 33 2,389,600
1998 16 2,945,487 10 1,730,000 27 1,720,000
'Specific values of Coralville building permits are unavailable for the years prior to 1993.
2Duplexes and zero lot line units in North Liberty are included in Single-Family Dwelling totals for years 1994-1997.
NOTE: Duplexes include zero lot line units in Coralvilleo Zero lot line units for Iowa City are included in Single-Family Dwelling totals.
SOURCE: CITY OF IOWA CITY HSG. & INSPECTION SERV., CITY OF CORALVILLE, CITY OF NORTH LIBERTY, MARCH 1999.
ecodevlpro~le/99profile.doc 49 Iowa City Community Profile
ecodevZ~k,Z99pror~e.doc 50 Iowa City Community Profile
SOURCE: IOWA
SINGLE-FAMILY HOME SALES'
JOHNSON COUNTY
JANUARY 1, 1998 TO DECEMBER 31, 1998
2 or Fewer
Price Class Bedrooms 3 Bedrooms 4+ Bedrooms Total
$40,000 & Under 4 2 1 7
$40,000-$54,999 36 3 1 40
$55,000-$69,999 114 14 0 128
$70,000-$84,999 63 45 6 114
$85,000-$99,999 73 171 18 262
$100,000-$124,999 112 189 53 354
$125,000-$149,999 17 168 54 239
$150,000-$199,999 11 103 98 212
$200,000-$249,000 6 28 53 87
$250,000 & Over 0 17 68 85
Total 436 740 352 1,528
CITY AREA ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS, MARCH 1999.
Number of Sales~
Average
Listing Pdce
Average
Sale Price
Total Sale Volume
(thousands)
ANNUAL RESIDENTIAL SALES
JOHNSON COUNTY AND SURROUNDING AREAS2
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
1,039 1,251 1,248 1,269 1,193 1,365 1,486 1,760
$92,175 $95,954 $106,581 $112,956 $115,239 $115.916 $122,728 $128,020
$89,816 $93,751 $104,517 $111,174 $112,761 $112,913 $119,202 $124,903
$91,672 $117,564 $130,437 $141,080 $134,524 $154,804 $177,134 $219,829
~Sales of residential and condominium and zero lot properties.
2Surrounding areas include West Branch, Tipton, West Liberty, Riverside, Kalona, Wellman, and adjacent rural areas
NOTE: Figures based on Iowa City Area Association of Realtors Service Area
SOURCE: IOWA CITY AREA ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS, MARCH 1999.
ecodev/profile/99profile.doc 51 Iowa City Community Profile
SELECTED HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS, 1990
Johnson Iowa North
U.S. Iowa Co. City Coralville Liberty
OCCUPANCY AND TENURE
Occupied housing units 91,947,410 1,064,325 36,067 21,951 4,605 1,128
Owner-occupied 59,024,811 745,377 18,999 9,823 1,745 810
Percent owner-occupied 64.2 70.0 52.7 44.7 37.9 71.8
Renter-occupied 32,922,599 318,948 17,068 12,128 2,860 318
Vacant housing units 10,316,268 79,344 1,143 513 152 34
For seasonal. recreational, or occasional use 3,081,923 14,644 102 32 7 2
Homeowner vacancy rate (percent) 2.1 1.5 0.8 0.8 1.2 1.0
Rental vacancy rate (percent) 8.5 6.4 2.2 1.7 3.1 3.0
Persons per owner-occupied unit 2.75 2.63 2.70 2.65 2.55 2.78
Persons per renter-occupied unit 2.42 2.25 2.09 2.09 1.89 2.11
Units with over 1 person per room 4,548,799 16,009 964 708 114 23
UNITS IN STRUCTURE
1-unit, detached 50,383,409 852,993 18,279 9,530 1,228 554
1 -unit, attached 5,378,243 17,735 1,323 825 384 30
2 to 4 units 9,876,407 86,956 3,867 2,593 815 211
5 to 9 units 4,936,841 40,745 3,630 2,839 628 16
10 or more units 13,168,769 76,761 6,970 5,379 1,343 24
Mobile home, trailer, other 8,521,009 68,479 3,141 1,298 359 327
VALUE
Specified owner-occupied units 44,918,000 566,559 13,638 7,996 1,275 467
Less than $50,000 11,402,522 317,781 1,466 674 121 53
$50,000 to $99,000 16,957,458 209,703 8,504 5, 139 935 388
$100,000 to $149,000 6,773,257 27,708 2,358 1,471 172 21
$150,000 to $199,999 4,017,162 6,959 828 462 30 4
$200,000 to $299,999 3,376,901 3,338 393 212 13 0
$300,000 or more 2,390,700 1,070 89 38 4 1
Median (dollars) 79,100 45,900 76,900 79,000 73,200 63,600
CONTRACT RENT
Specified rent-occupied units paying cash rent 30,490,535 268,439 16,197 11,912 2,814 313
Less than $250 7,470,207 125, 112 2,779 2,067 283 78
$250 to $499 14,371,897 129,124 10,649 7,421 2,319 226
$500to$749 6,188,367 12,343 2,426 2,130 206 9
$750 to $999 1,626,608 1,287 258 227 4
$1,000 or more 825,456 573 85 67 2
Median (dollars) 374 261 360 368 361 328
RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN
OF HOUSEHOLDER
Total 91,947,410 1,064,325 36,067 21,951 4,605 1,128
White 76,880,105 1,036,774 33,645 20,129 4,297 1,118
Black 9,976,161 15,741 656 496 132 2
Percent of occupied units 10.8 1.5 1.8 2.3 2.9 0.2
American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut 591,372 2,157 56 37 11 0
Percent of occupied units 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0
Asian or Pacific Islander 2,013,735 6,287 1,347 1,175 134 3
Percent of occupied units 2.2 0.6 3.7 5.4 2.9 0.3
Other race 2,486,037 3,366 163 114 31 5
Hispanic odgin (of any race) 6,001,718 8,926 465 329 70 14
Percent of occupied units 6.5 0.8 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.2
University
Heights
474
334
70.5
140
6
1
0.0
2.1
2.39
1.74
6
362
3
11
7
95
2
317
5
169
100
35
8
0
96,600
134
6
118
8
2
0
335
474
461
3
0.6
2
0.4
7
1.5
1
8
1.5
SOURCE: U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, BUREAU OF CENSUS, 1990 CENSUS OF POPULATION.
ecodevlPro~ls'~J9Pro~le.doc 52
Iowa City Community Profile
SELECTED HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS, 1990 (CONTINUED)
Johnson Iowa North
U.S. Iowa Co. City Coralville Liberty
MORTGAGE STATUS AND SELECTED
MONTHLY OWNER COSTS
Specified owner-occupied housing units 45,550,059 571,870 13,690 8,014 1,309 518
With a mortgage 29,811,735 319,340 9,980 5,894 1,032 399
Less than $300 1,455,511 22,268 94 34 13 17
$300 to $499 5,711,092 108,125 1,183 712 52 74
$500 to $699 6,635,180 96,975 2,830 1,576 313 142
$700 to $999 7,497,193 64,554 3,585 2,132 473 153
$1,000 to $1,499 5,294,990 21,590 1,751 1.108 175 13
$1,500 to $1,999 1,647,081 3,867 343 238 6 0
$2,000 or more 1,370,688 1,961 194 94 0 0
Median (dollars) 737 553 761 774 768 653
Not mortgaged 15,738,324 252,530 3,710 2,120 277 119
Less than $100 960,802 10,042 13 5 0 0
$100 to $199 6,372,610 122,916 861 429 70 14
$200 to $299 5,058,575 92,757 1,696 892 146 87
$300 to $399 1,930,923 20,049 819 572 52 18
$400 or more 1,415,414 6,766 321 222 9 0
Median (dollars) 209 196 253 267 240 232
SELECTED MONTHLY OWNER COSTS AS A
PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLD INCOME IN 1989
Specified owner-occupied housing units 45,550,059 571,870 1-3,690 8,014 1,309 518
Less than 20 percent 25,646,744 379,781 8,240 4,905 651 226
20 to 24 percent 6,288,395 76,764 2,407 1,307 331 108
25 to 29 percent 4,280,439 41,826 1,247 717 135 92
30 to 34 percent 2,673,820 22,688 649 421 54 34
35 percent or more 6,148,822 48,029 1,080 610 138 58
Not computed 311,839 2,762 67 64 0 0
GROSS RENT~
Spedfled renter-occupied housing units 32,170,036 285,743 16,531 12,095 2,860 351
Less than $200 2,815,090 40.501 646 723 67 15
$200 to $299 3,736,190 66,093 2,155 1,600 300 62
$300 to $499 11,814,251 127,395 8.655 5,906 1.877 222
$500 to $749 8,471,363 32,932 3,716 2,940 555 43
$750 to $999 2,637,755 3,567 635 593 29 0
$1,000 or more 1,276,044 990 173 136 7 0
No cash rent 1,419,343 14,265 351 197 25 9
Median (dollars) 447 336 412 414 415 409
GROSS RENT AS A PERCENTAGE OF
HOUSEHOLD INCOME IN 1989
Specified renter-occupied housing units 32,170,036 285,743 16,531 12,095 2,860 351
Less than 20 pement 9,647,452 102,121 4,506 2,802 1,043 143
20 to 24 percent 4,463,652 38,788 2,222 1,431 551 49
25 to 29 percent 3,664,975 31,600 1,804 1,341 344 49
30 to 34 percent 2,562,664 20,224 1,290 991 244 0
35 percent or more 9,864,161 75,373 6,013 5,030 633 90
Not computed 1,977, 112 17,637 696 500 45 20
~Gross rent is the amount of contract rent plus the estimated cost of utilities paid by the tenter.
NOTE: These data are based on a sample, subject to sampling variability, and thero are limitations to many of these data.
SOURCE: U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, BUREAU OF CENSUS, 1990 CENSUS OF POPULATION.
University
Heights
321
201
1
15
39
91
42
11
2
860
120
0
23
64
34
9
260
321
230
42
10
18
21
0
140
1
8
113
6
2
8
4
383
140
59
21
14
4
33
9
ecodev/profile/99profile,doc 53 Iowa City Community Profile
SELECTED HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS, 1990 (CONTINUED)
Johnson Iowa North
U.S. Iowa Co. City Coralville Liberty
Total housing units 102,263,678 1,143,669 37,210 22,464 4,757 1,179
YEAR STRUCTURE BUILT
1989to March 1990 2,169,436 11,882 717 392 106 0
1985 to 1988 9,024,365 36,834 2,652 1,451 440 174
1980 to 1984 9,931,917 66,202 4,739 2,848 1,019 195
1970 to 1979 22,291,826 230,514 9,376 5,259 1,175 601
1960 to 1969 16,406,410 159,930 7,215 4,638 1,074 112
1950 to 1959 14,831,071 147,913 3,736 2,426 638 13
1940 to 1949 8,676, 155 90,460 1,580 1,043 187 7
1939 or eadier 18,832,498 399,934 7, 195 4,407 118 77
BEDROOMS
No bedroom 2,366,715 13,847 1,402 1,136 199 9
1 bedroom 14,062,917 120,043 5,512 4,082 871 104
2 bedrooms 31,502,796 340,831 12,239 7,490 2,317 478
3 bedrooms 38,931,475 448,791 11,851 6,546 998 496
4 bedrooms 12,549,082 181,475 4,778 2,492 320 74
5 or more bedrooms 2,850,693 38,682 1,428 718 52 18
Occupied housing units 91,947,410 1,054,325 36,067 21,951 4,605 1,147
HOUSE HEATING FUEL
Utility gas 46,850,923 698,557 26,515 17,867 3,765 968
Bottled, tank, or LP gas 5,243,462 157,289 2,977 259 14 24
Electricity 23,696,987 111,249 4,795 3,345 681 155
Fuel oil, kerosene, etc. 11,243,727 58,278 659 81 0 0
Coal or coke 358,965 372 22 - - 0 0
Wood 3,609,323 30,350 514 27 0 0
Solar energy 54,536 234 14 2 0 0
Other fuel 345,580 5,437 365 230 100 0
No fuel used 543,907 2,559 206 140 45 0
YEAR HOUSEHOLDER MOVED INTO UNIT
1989 to March 1990 19,208,023 193,072 10,800 7,640 1,732 202
1985to 1988 25,963,818 261,722 11,917 7,360 1,759 502
1980 to 1984 12,844,781 143,516 4,363 2,289 508 215
1970 to 1979 17,102,506 219,715 4,905 2,517 323 191
1960 to 1969 8,428,066 117,101 2,336 1,166 157 24
1959 or eadier 8,400,216 129, 199 1,746 779 126 13
NOTE: These data are based on a sample, subject to sampling variability, and there are limitations to many of these data.
SOURCE: U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, BUREAU OF CENSUS, 1990 CENSUS OF POPULATION.
University
Heights
480
0
0
7
37
118
138
85
95
9
88
44
166
97
26
474
423
0
23
4
0
0
0
20
4
75
165
49
63
82
40
ecodev/pro~le/ggpro~le.doc 54 Iowa City Community Profile
HEALTH
HOSPITALS
University of Iowa
Hospitals & Clinics
Veterans Affairs
Medical Center
Mercy
Iowa City
Beds 873 94 234
Doctors 1,258 124 172
Professional Nurses 1,349 220 432
Staff (full- and part-time) 7,083 1,283 1,117
NUMBER OF PRACTICING PHYSICIANS, BY SPECIALTY
Mercy Mercy
Hospital UIHC VAMC Hospital UIHC VAMC
Allergy 2 9 1 Oral Surgery 1 7 -
Anesthesiology 11 38 4 Orthopedics 9 19 4
Cardiology 6 48 7 Otolaryngology 4 18 3
Cardiovascular Surgery 2 6 - Pathology 4 30 5
Dermatology 4 11 2 Pediatric Dentistry 1 6 -
Emergency Medicine 6 7 - Pediatrics 9 79 -
Facial Plastic Surgery 4 4 - Plastic Surgery I 4 -
Family Practice 42 16 - Podiatry 3 - 1
Gastroenterology 2 20 5 Psychiatry 7 31 8
General Surgery 3 12 6 Pulmonary Medicine 2 20 6
Internal Medicine 18 181 37 Radiology 4 60 6
Neurology 3 24 4 Radiation Oncology 2 6 -
Obstetrics/Gynecology 7 31 1 Rheumatology 2 14 4
Medical Oncology 2 23 - Surgery - 44 7
Ophthalmology 5 26 5 Urology 3 6 4
Vascular Surgery - 5 4
SOURCE: MERCY IOWA CITY, THE UNIVERSITY OF IOWA HOSPITALS AND CLINICS, VETERANS AFFAIRS MEDICAL
CENTER, MAY 1999
ecodev/profile/99profile.doc 55 Iowa City Community Profile
EDUCATION
ENROLLMENT FOR IOWA CITY AREA SCHOOLS
1998-1999
Type Number Teachers Enrollment Grades
Public'
Elementary 17 443 5,486
Junior High 2 117 1,504
High School 2 203 2,999
Alternative 1 4 54
Private
Catholic2 1 55 842
Christian3 3 12 194
Montessori4 2 14 120
Quakers 1 19 52
Others 1 9 48
'Iowa City Community School District
2Regina Education Center
3Iowa City Bible Fellowship Christian School, Heritage Christian School
'Montessori School of Iowa City, Montessori Little Shadow
5Scattergood Friends School (West Branch)
'Willowwind School
K-6
7-8
9-12
9-12
K-12
Pre-8
Pre-K
9-12
K-8
AMERICAN COLLEGE TESTING (ACT) SCORES COMPARISON'
1990 1991 .1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997
Iowa City Community 23.5 23.8 24.2 24.6 24.0 24.5 24.0 24.0
School District
State of Iowa 21.8 21.7 21.6 21.8 21.9 21.8 21.9 22.1
United States 20.6 20.6 20.6 20.7 20.8 20.8 20.9 21.0
'Composite ACT scores.
SOURCE: IOWA CITY COMMUNITY SCHOOL DISTRICT, MAY 1999.
1998
24.2
22.1
21.0
ecodev/profile/99profile.doc 56 Iowa City Community Profile
POST-SECONDARYEDUCATION
University of Iowa
Four-year public university and research facility
Kirkwood Community College
Two-year public, coed community college and voca-
tional and technical career training school
Iowa City Campus
Coe College
Four-year private, coed liberal arts college, also offers
Master of arts in teaching degree
Mt. Mercy College
Four-year private, coed liberal arts college
Cornell College
Four-year private, coed liberal arts college
Current
Location Enrollment Distance
Iowa City 28,705 Local
Cedar Rapids' 11,1 172 30 minutes3
Iowa City 2,300 Local
Cedar Rapids 1,263 30 minutes
Cedar Rapids 1,257 30 minutes
Mt. Vernon 1,024 30 minutes
'Main campus.
2Figure includes all campuses: Iowa City, Cedar Rapids, Madon, Belle Plaine, Monticello, Vinton, Tipton, Williamsburg, and Washington.
3Distance to Cedar Rapids campus.
SOURCE: REGISTRAR'S OFFICES OF THE UNIVERSITY OF IOWA, KIRKWOOD COMMUNITY COLLEGE, COE COLLEGE, MT.
MERCY COLLEGE AND CORNELL COLLEGE, MARCH 1999.
SELECTED EDUCATION CHARACTERISTICS, 1990
SCHOOL ENROLLMENT
Persons 3 years and over enrolled in school
Pre-pdmary school
Elementary or high school
Percent in pdvate school
College
EDUCATION ATTAINMENT
Persons 25 years and over
Less than 9th grade
9th to 12th grade, no diploma
High school graduate
Some college, no degree
Associate degree
Bachelor's degree
Graduate or professional degree
Johnson Iowa North University
U.S. Iowa Co. City Coralville Liberty Heights
64,987,101 737,729 40,420 30,507 3,009 836 272
4,503,264 58,357 2,029 1,172 239 131 18
42,566,788 481,502 11,524 5,827 1,043 446 108
9.8 8.7 7.0 6.9 1.4 6.1 0.0
17,917,028 197,870 26,867 23,508 1,727 259 146
158,868,436 1,776,798 53,053 29,537 6,663 1,678 767
16,502,211 163,335 2,309 772 314 56 5
22,841,507 190,465 2,681 1,035 292 180 11
47,642,763 684,368 11,314 4,646 1,208 454 60
29,779,777 302,600 9,254 5,069 1,274 378 116
9,791,925 136,638 4,159 1,967 817 176 40
20,832,567 207,269 12,745 8,146 1,835 383 230
11,477,686 92,123 10,591 7,702 1,123 51 305
Percent high school graduate or higher
Percent bachelor's degree or higher
75.2 80.1 90.6 93.9 90.9 85.9 97.9
20.3 16.9 44.0 53.7 44.4 25.9 69.8
NOTE: These data are based on a sample, subject to sampling variability, and there are limitations to many of
SOURCE: U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, BUREAU OF CENSUS, 1990 CENSUS OF POPULATION.
these data.
ecodev/pro~le/99profi!e,doc 57 Iowa City Community Profile
THE UNIVERSITY OF IOWA
THE UNIVERSITY OF IOWA
STUDENT ENROLLMENT BY COLLEGE FALL SEMESTER
College 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
Business Administration 1,238 1,107 1,01 1 968 992 1,075 1,088 1,253
Dentistry 292 289 291 298 285 292 298 301
Engineering 1,237 1,264 1,235 1,205 1,150 1,164 1,155 1,135
Graduate 6,714 6,506 6,450 6,295 6,448 6,436 6,235 6,494
Law 712 676 682 705 700 683 669 668
Liberal Arts 15,582 15,408 15, 132 15, 108 15,652 15,849 16,002 16,400
Medicine 1,398 1,470 1,439 1,487 1,472 1,521 1,438 1,490
Nursing 370 403 407 430 456 417 423 469
Pharmacy 338 340 404 436 442 484 477 495
ENROLLMENT BY SESSION AND STUDENT LEVEL, FALL SEMESTER
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
Undergraduate 19,257 18,917 18,673 18,290 18,219 18,740 18,586 18,754 19,337
Graduate 6,459 6,714 6,506 6,450 6,295 6,448 6,436 6,235 6,494
Professional' 2,329 2,250 2,284 2,311 2,418 2,409 2,899 2,882 2,874
TOTAL 28,045 27,881 27,463 27,051 26,932 27,597 27,921 27,871 28,705
'Professional students are those enrolled in Medicine, Law, Dentistry, and Pharmacy programs.
SOURCE:
THE UNIVERSITY OF IOWA, OFFICE OF THE REGISTRAR, STUDENT PROFILE, FALL SEMESTER, 1998-1999,
ecodev/profile/99profile.doc 58 Iowa City Community Profile
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ecodev/pmfile~gpmfile.doc 59 Iowa City Community Profile
SOURCE:
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF STUDENTS, 1998
FALL SEMESTER
ORIGIN TOTAL PERCENT
Iowa 19,409 67.6
States Adjoining Iowa 5,599 19.5
Other States 2,081 7.3
U.S. Territories 14 -
Foreign Countries 1,602 5.6
TOTALS 28,705 100.0
THE UNIVERSITY OF IOWA, OFFICE OF THE REGISTRAR, STUDENT PROFILE, FALL SEMESTER, 1998-1999.
Undergraduate
Resident
Nonresident
Graduate
Resident
Nonresident
SOURCE:
UNIVERSITY TUITION
FOR FULL-TIME STUDENTS, PER SEMESTER
1990 1991 1992 .1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
$940 $976 $1,044 $1,096 $1,146 $1,193 $1,235 $1,283 $1,333 $1,393
$3,110 $3,235 $3,526 $3,790 $4,075 $4,318 $4,534 $4,711 $4,894 $5,114
$1,113 $1,158 $1,239 $1,302 $1,361 $1,417 $1,467 $1,524 $1,583 $1,654
$3,242 $3,372 $3,675 $3,950 $4,247 $4,501 $4,726 $4,910 $5,101 $5,331
THE UNIVERSITY OF IOWA, OFFICE OF THE REGISTRAR, MARCH 1999.
SOURCE:
UNIVERSITY EMPLOYMENT, MARCH 1999
Faculty & Institutional Officials
Professional & Scientific
General Service
Temporary Non-Student
Students
Total
Total Without Students
University Hospital Total
2,097 18 2,115
3,099 2,009 5,108
2,866 1,763 4,629
1,556 1,306 2,862
6,472 613 7,085
16,090 5,709 21,799
9,618 5,096 14,714
THE UNIVERSITY OF IOWA PAYROLL OFFICE, MARCH 1999.
ecodev/profile/99profile,doc 60 Iowa City Community Profile
RECREATION
& CULTUR
Arena/Stadium 5
Ball Diamonds 28
Bowling Alleys 3
Country Clubs 3
Cultural Theaters 7
Ice skating - indoor 1
Ice skating - outdoor 2
RECREATION FACILITIES
NUMBER OF FACILITIES IN IOWA CITY AREA
Movie Screens 17 Recreation Trails
Museums 11 Sand Volleyball
Public Recreation Centers 6 Senior Center
Public Golf Courses 7 Soccer Fields
Public Tennis Courts 49 Swimming pools
Public parks 41
Hotels/Motels/B&B:
Meeting Facilities
Best Western Cantebury Inn
Best Western Westfield Inn
Clarion Hotel & Conference Center
Country Inn
Heartland Inn
Holiday Inn
Iowa House/IMU
Radisson Inn
Video Conferencing Sites (Iowa Communication Network)
AREA MEETING FACILITIES
27 Properties with 1,900 rooms
# Meeting Rooms
1
8
7
1
2
9
23
5
12
15
3
1
33
6
SOURCE:
AUDITORIUMS
Location
I he University of Iowa:
School of Art & Art History Auditorium
Chemistry Building: Room 225
Hancher Auditorium
Shambaugh Auditorium
Macbride Hall (theatre capability)
Museum of Art Auditorium
School of Music:
Van Allen Hall:
University Theatres:
Room 300
Clal~p Hall
Harper Hall
Lecture Room 1
Lecture Room 2
Mabie Theatre
Theatre A
Theatre B
Pappajohn Business Administration Building:
Buchanan Auditorium
Tipple Auditorium
Iowa City Community Schools:
City High School Opstad Auditorium
West High Auditorium
West High Little Theatre
IOWA CITY/CORALVILLE CONVENTION & VISITORS BUREAU, MARCH 1999.
Seating Capacity
395
438
2500
219
780
200
700
200
304
153
477
140-170
144
387
156
800
850
90
ecodevlpro~le/99pro~le.doc 6 1 Iowa City Community Profile
IOWA CITY AREA LIBRARIES
Iowa City Coralville North Liberty University of Iowa~
Collection Size 225,289 68,343 25,618 3,926,853
Circulation 1,165,655 232,634 88,541 3,355,912
City Appropriation Per Capita $42.74 $36.69 $38.96 N/A
Number of Employees2 $6.90 9.25 4.25 298
'Includes the University of Iowa Main Library, Departmental Libraries and Law Library.
2Denotes full-time paid equivalents.
SOURCES: IOWA CITY PUBLIC LIBRARY, "STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF PUBLIC LIBRARIES IN EAST CENTRAL IOWA,
JULY 1, 1997-JUNE 30, 1998" AND THE UNIVERSITY OF IOWA MAIN LIBRARY ADMINISTRATION, JUNE 1999.
HOUSES OF WORSHIP
IOWA CITY AND SURROUNDING AREAS'
Number
Number
Anglican Catholic 1 Jehovah's Witnesses 1
Apostolic 3 Jewish 2
Assembly of God 2 Lutheran 9
Baha'i Faith 1 Mennonite 1
Baptist 7 Methodist African Episcopal 1
Bible 3 Methodist Free 1
Catholic 5 Methodist United 8
Charismatic 3 Nazarene 1
Christian 1 Non-Denominational 3
Christian Disciples of Christ 1 Pentecostal 1
Christian Reformed 2 Presbyterian 3
Christian Science 1 Reformed in America 1
Church of Christ I Reorganized Church of Jesus
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter- Christ of Latter Day Saints 1
Day Saints I Salvation Army 1
Episcopal 3 Seventh Day Adventist 1
Evangelical Free 1 Unitarian Universalist 1
Foursquare Gospel I United Church of Christ 3
Friends 1 Various Denominations 1
Islamic Society 1 Zen Center 1
'Includes Iowa City, Coralville, and North Uberty.
SOURCE: THE IOWA CITY AND SURROUNDING AREAS DIRECTORY, MCLEOD USA PUBLISHING COMPANY, NOV. 1998/99.
ecodev/profile/99profile,doc 62 Iowa City Community Profile
CENSUS TRACT DATA
POPULATION, HOUSEHOLDS, MEDIAN HOUSEHOLD INCOME
BY CENSUS TRACT FOR IOWA CITY, CORALVILLE AND UNIVERSITY HEIGHTS
Tract Population Population Housing Units Housing Units Median Household
Number (1990) (1996) (1990) (1996) Income (1989)
Iowa City
1 5,182 5, 130 1,739 1,868 $30,219
4 4,016 4,625 1,580 1,942 16,695
5 4,433 5,499 1,252 2,542 38,429
6 3,870 3, 141 2,068 1,772 16,961
7 2,201 2, 192 18 8 26,500
8 161 73 I - N/A
9 2,899 2,735 1,113 1,163 31,211
10 3,544 3,067 257 267 12,833
11 4,297 3,882 1,862 1,678 16,697
12 2, 100 1,969 906 889 42,813
13 3,335 3,259 1,142 1,220 50,167
14 4,390 4,281 1,677 1,798 38,634
15 2,932 2,732 1,329 1,297 26,899
16 6,395 6,560 2,684 2,897 13,672
17 2,980 2,968 1,272 1,342 31,081
18 5,949 6,727 2,432 2,984 26,811
104 594 539 318 298 22,669
105 64 348 24 141 57,615
106 396 421 296 331 8,096
Iowa City Total 59,739 60, 148 22,464 24,437 24,565
Coralville
2 2,874 1,473 23,530
3.01 3,586 1,246 35,417
3.02 4,192 1,903 25,438
Coralville Total 10,652 4,622 26,599
Univ. Heights Total 1,042 470 43,750
SOURCE: U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, BUREAU OF CENSUS, 1990 CENSUS OF POPULATION, 1996 IOWA CITY SPECIAL CENSUS.
ecodev/profile/99profile.doc 63 Iowa City Community Profile
.~oU.,~o..,,eg~o~,e.do~ 64 Iowa City Community Profile
CONSUMER PRICE INDEX ADJUSTMENTS
The Consumer Price Index (CPI) for all items has been included in the Community Profile to aid the user in comparing
dollar figures presented. Also provided is the regional CPI. Iowa is part of the Central Region which consists of North
Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, Wisconsin, Michigan, Illinois, Indiana and Ohio.
The base period for both the national and regional CPI is 1982-84.
Year
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
National CPI Regional CPI
82.4 82.4
90.9 90.1
96.5 96.5
99.6 99.9
103.9 103.6
107.6 106.8
109.6 108.0
113.6 111.9
118.3 116.1
124.0 121,5
130.7 127,4
136.2 132.4
140.3 136.1
144, 5 140.0
148.2 144.0
152.4 148.4
156.9 153.0
160.5 156.7
163.0 160.4
Example Illustrating Use of CPh
The average weekly wage in private industry for 1985 was ~264. That same figure for 1992 was ~350. It is possible
to inflate the 1985 figure or to deflate the 1996 figure using one of the following formulas:
1996 figure x 1985 CPI --> $350 x 107.6 = ~268
1996 CPI 140.3
which is the 1996 average weekly wage
for private industry in 1985 dollars
1985 figure x 1996 CPI --~ ~264 x 140,3 = ~344
1985 CPI 107.6
which is the 1985 average weekly wage
for private industry in 1996 dollars
NOTE: More information on the Consumer Price Index is available on the Internet at http://stats.bls.gov/cpihome.htm
ecodev/pro~le/99profile.doc 65 Iowa City Community Profile
INTERNET RESOURCES
Iowa Profiles
This site provides information in support of local community education, planning, and change.
includes information on local area economics, demographics, and governments.
http://ia.profiles.iastate.edu
The site
Iowa Economic Trends Page
This site provides the most current economic news that is useful to business, government, and financial policy
makers. There are links to useful economic information including international economic news, financial
information, and demographics and markets.
h tt p://www. st ate. i a. u s/t re n d s
FedWorld Information Network
This site provides a comprehensive central access point for searching, locating, and acquiring government and
business information.
http://www.fedworld.gov/about.htm
U.S. Census Home Page
This site contains the 1990 census.
statistics for the United States.
http://www.census.gov
The information provided gives economic, demographic, and housing
University of Iowa Government Publications
This site provides links to different government sources. This also includes many references to the U.S.
Census and other statistical references.
http://www.lib.uiowa.edu/govpubs/index.html
Consumer Price Index Home Page
This site provides a listing of the CPI (past and present) and material for its uses.
http://stats.bls.giv/cpihome.htm
City to City Cost of Living Home Page
This site provides a listing of cost-of-living comparisons.
http://www.state.ia.us/government/ided/trends/citycol.html
ecodev/pro~le/99pro~le.doc 66 Iowa City Community Profile
City of Iowa City
MEMORANDUM
Date:
To:
From:
Re:
July 22, 1999
City Council
City Manager
Landfill Recycle Center Project -- Update
The above-referenced project was being designed by John Shaw, architect with Wehner,
Pattschull and Pffiner. Shaw has recently left employment with the firm and as part of his
severance he was apparently given the City Landfill Recycle Center Project. Shaw wants to
complete the design and we are working on the legal aspects of this situation so he can do so.
We have instructed Shaw to design the project in a more economical fashion to address facility
needs as well as be attractive. We are envisioning the same site layout with an office-style steel
pole building and as many environmental features as we can justify.
In an effort to construct part of the project this year, we will be dividing the project into two
phases. Phase I will be the scale and self-contained hazardous materials storage building. We
hope to bid and construct Phase I this fall. Phase II will be the site work and the main building.
We also hope to bid Phase II this winter to be ready for an early spring construction.
CC:
Chuck Schmadeke
Rick Fosse
Dan Scott
David Elias
Im\mem\sa7-22.doc
City of Iowa City
MEMORANDUM
Date: July 22, 1999
To: City Council
From: City Manager
Re: Salt Bids
Good news. We have seen a slight decline in the per-ton cost of salt. The Independent Salt
company (one of four bidders) bid $29.28 a ton, down from $29.38 last year. The annual salt
contract is approximately $60,000.
jw/mem/sa-salt.doc
City of Iowa City
MEMORANDUM
Date: July 22, 1999
To: City Council
From: City Manager
Re: Iowa Avenue Parking Garage (Tower Place and Parking)
Representatives of the City staff and our architects have met with McComas-Lacina in
order to generate cost reductions for the Iowa Avenue Parking Garage. Items chosen do
not affect the quality of the construction and do not alter the exterior appearance.
Construction change orders will be processed.
Delete the corrosion inhibitor from footings and foundations
Delete mechanical screens on top of stair towers
Delete galvanizing on steel stairs
Delete mortar color
Lesser bonding and insurance requirements
Sales tax refund
Total deducts
943,000
75,300
28,000
13,124
2,105
197,600
9359,129
We are continuing to investigate further cost reductions. There is a potential to reduce
construction costs by 927,000 with further material alterations.
Another possible cost reduction would be the elimination of brick on a portion of the alley
facade. A stain that would match the rest of the ramp exterior would replace the brick.
Savings from this change would amount to 9274,000. However, we will need to work
with and seek approval of Ecumenical Towers and HUD in that during negotiations
representations of the parking garage were provided.
CC:
Joe Fowler
Jeff Davidson
Eleanor Dilkes
tp3ol cm .doc
City of Iowa City
MEMORANDUM
Date: July 22, 1999
To: City Council
From: City Manager
Re: Federal Transportation Act
The Senate has delayed its vote on the transportation legislation which involves the proposed
intermodal transit facility, that is the proposed parking garage/support facilities in the Near
Southside. We are not sure whether a vote will be taken prior to the August recess. Senators
Grassley and Harkin have been generally supportive of the legislation to provide the funding for
this project. We will simply have to wait and see.
Im\mem\sa7-22-2.doc
City of Iowa City
MEMORANDUM
Date: July 26, 1999
To;
From:
Re;
City Council
Dale Helling, Assistant City Manager
McLeodUSA Cable Franchise
The attached letter from Randy Snyder, Vice President for Business Development, McLeod
USA, indicates there are certain factors beyond the scope of their franchise negotiations with
Iowa City which have delayed plans to establish cable TV service here. We are prepared to
continue meeting with McLeodUSA representatives to finalize a franchise agreement at such
time as they deem appropriate.
As Mr. Snyder indicates, it is not likely that this issue will be on the November ballot if, in fact, a
second referendum is required.
The Citizen's Advisory Committee mentioned in the final paragraph is the Iowa City
Telecommunications Commission, whose meetings have been attended by McLeod USA
representatives.
Please let me know if you have any questions.
cc: City Manager
Drew Shaffer
Andy Matthews
Telecommunications Commission
indexbc\memos\l -2DH,doc
July 19, 1999
CITY MANAGER'S QFFiCE
Mr. Dave E. Helling
Assistant City Manager
City of Iowa City
Civic Center
410 E. Washington Street
Iowa City, IA 52401
Dear Dale:
I wanted to confirm the information recently related to you by Kevin Rice and make sure the City
of Iowa City is completely up to date with our status.
We met with the negotiating team representing the City of Coralville on Wednesday, July 7th.
Based on that meeting, I am confident our position on the High-Speed Internet franchise fees can
be resolved. I am far less confident that we are close to a mutually satisfactory resolution on the
PEG funding issue. While it is encouraging that we are talking, there does not appear to be an
immediate resolution that would meet the requirements of the City and McLeodUSA. Both
parties will continue with good faith negotiations to try to resolve the issue, but timing impacts
our overall position in Johnson County.
In our last meeting, we promised to update you on the likelihood of McLeodUSA being in
position to commit to making a fall election deadline. It does not appear that we will be in a
position to commit to a November election timeline. Our continued analysis of the overall
economics of an investment of this size, coupled with the potential for protracted franchise
negotiations in Johnson County, will continue to delay that decision. As you will recall, we feel it
is essential to have a reasonable franchise in both Coralville and Iowa City to proceed if our
Cedar Rapids deployment continues to perform as well as it has to date.
We will continue to be represented at the Citizen's Advisory Committee meetings, and we will be
in touch with you in a few weeks to discuss any franchising and additional progress, as well as
when it will be appropriate for our next meeting to resolve open issues in Iowa City.
Thank you and please feel free to contact me at 319-298-7902 if you have any questions or
concerns.
Sincerely,
Randy Sn3?cl~r
Vice President, Business Development
cc: Kevin Rice
Dave Lunemann
221 THIRD AvE SE SUITE 500 CEDAR RAHDS, IA 52401 PHONE 319-298-7024 FAX 319-298-7595 http://www. mcleodusa.com
IO%VA CITY
MUNICIPAL AIRPORT
I('~\V,\ k El'I"~'. It %\V,.\
Memo
To: Steve Atkins
From: Ron O'Neil
Date: July 22, 1999
lie: Airport Terminal Building renovation
The Terminal building renovation started on June 7. It was somewhat of an inconvenience
for Iowa City Flying Sen/ice for the first two weeks because the office space in the new
hangar was not completed and they had to move one room at a time. They ware able to
completely move by June 23.
The demolition has proceeded with no major surprises. Except for one load-bearing wall, the
entire intedor walls and ceilings have been removed. There were some interesting building
materials used. One wall was made from 'pyrobar', a 4" x 1' x 2' block made of the same
matedal that is in sheetrock. I think it was an eady attempt at making a fire-resistant wall
material.
The floor tile was tested and it all contained asbestos. This was expected. Because the
majodty of the floor is to be covered with carpet, the tile could have been left in place. After
consulting with the contractor and with HLM, the Commission derided that now would be the
proper time to have the asbestos abeted. It is probably more cost effective to do it now than
to just cover it up and have to remove it at some future date.
What was not expected was the asbestos in the glazing around the windows. As part of the
odginal project, all of the windows were to be replaced. It will take a little more time to
dispose of the old windows because the glazing will have to be abated. Affordable Asbestos
Removal Inc. will start work on the building the first week in August
There was some debate on whether the elevator that was originally designed for the project
would meet ADA requirements. Our Inspection Services Department, Dennis Mitchell, and
the State Fire Marshall's office have now resolved this issue and the subcontractor is working
on the shop drawings for the elevator.
· Page I
The second floor will make a great meeting room when it is finished. Although the Flying
Service will still lease it for the next two years, the Commission will be able to use it for their
monthly meetings. It should be available for meetings by other City Departments.
As could be expeded, several telephone and electric lines came from, and lead to nowhere.
They have been removed and the electrician has begun to instell some of the new eledrical
system. The main electrical panel will be moved from the basement to a more convenient
location in a room on the first floor.
The gas meter, which has been in the boiler room, will be moved to the outside of the
building. This will give us more room in the basement to install the elevator, be more
convenient for Mid American Energy, and will be safer than the having the meter inside.
At this time, the project is on time and on budget It should be completed sometime in
December. I will give you another update as the project progresses.
Cc:
Airport Commission
City Council
· Page2
City of Iowa City
MEMORANDUM
Date: July 22, 1999
To: Steve Atkins
From: Rob Winstead
Re'
MID-YEAR RAILROAD CROSSING UPDATE
Here is a mid-year update of railroad crossing work scheduled for 1999 and an approximate time
schedule and cost estimate for future work:
Work scheduled for 1999
South Clinton Street (bottom of hill - CRANDIC): This crossing is scheduled for complete
reconstruction in September using I.D.O.T. Surface Repair Funds (60% State / 20%
City / 20% Railroad). Railroad and City crews will perform the work. City cost is
estimated at ~ 13,000.
South Capitol Street (just north of Benton - CRANDIC): This crossing is scheduled for
complete reconstruction in September using I.D.O.T. Surface Repair Funds. Railroad
and City crews will perform the work. City cost is estimated at ~ 16,000.
Work requested for 1999
Scott Boulevard (near Heinz - IAIS): A request to the Railroad has been made for
maintenance. The rails need to be elevated and temporary asphalt wedges installed.
South Dubuque Street (bottom of hill - CRANDIC): A request to the Railroad has been
made for maintenance. Asphalt was not properly restored after recent emergency
repairs by the Railroad.
Maiden Lane (north of Benton - CRANDIC): A request to the Railroad has been made for
maintenance. The tracks cross Maiden Lane in a long sweeping curve and the rails
need to be elevated.
Alley (at Lafayette between Dubuque and Linn - CRANDIC): A request to the Railroad has
been made for maintenance. We have received several complaints and the asphalt
crossing is in need of repair.
"In-Line" Funding for Future Years
Benton Street (by City Carton - CRANDIC): Funding was applied for in April 1997 and
will most likely be available in 2003. City cost is estimated at 915,000.
South Dubuque Street (bottom of hill - CRANDIC): Funding was applied for in April 1997
and will most likely be available in 2003. City cost is estimated at $11,000.
July 22, 1999
Page 2
South Dubuque Street (top of hill - IAIS): Funding was applied for in October 1997 and
will most likely be available in 2004. City cost is estimated at $14,000.
South Clinton Street {top of hill - IAIS): Funding was applied for in October 1997 and will
most likely be available in 2004. City cost is estimated at $16,000.
Greenwood Drive {between Benton and Myrtle - IAIS): Funding was applied for in
January 1998 and will most likely be available in 2005. City cost is estimated at
$12,000.
Requests to Railroad for Future Years
To get "in-line" for I.D.O.T. funding a "Notice of Intent" form must be completed, signed by
both the Railroad and City and then submitted to the I.D.O.T. I have filled out forms for the
following crossings and am awaiting signatures from the Railroad:
Scott Boulevard (near Heinz - IAIS)
Benton Street (at Gilbert Ct. - IAIS)
Highland Avenue {at Maiden Ln. - CRANDIC)
South Gilbert Street (north of Napoleon Park - CRANDIC)
Maiden Lane {north of Benton - CRANDIC)
Benton Street (at Maiden Ln. - CRANDIC)
We continue to work closely with the Railroads in the interim to keep crossings in decent shape.
City crews have always been willing to participate in the repair process. The I.D.O.T. continues
to program e900,000 each year for railroad surface repair projects. Currently over 912 million
in state wide projects are "in Pine".
CC:
Rick Fosse
Don Yucuis
Bud Stockman
City of Iowa City
MEMORANDUM
Date: .luly 22, 1999
To: Steve Arkins
From: Rick Fosse
Re: Iowa River
I checked with 3ohn Castle at the Coralville Resevoir this morning. 3ohn reports
that the Iowa River basin was spared the heavy rains and the pool elevation
continues to drop at about 1' per day. He expects that on about Sunday they
will cut back the outflow to limit flooding at Wapello when the crest of the Cedar
River arrives. After the crest passes, they will go back to a 6500 cfs release rate
until around the end of the month.
Barring significant additional rains, 3ohn hopes to have the pool and outflow back
to normal levels by early August.
City of Iowa City
MEMORANDUM
Date: July 23, 1999
To:
The Honorable Mayor Ernest Lehman and Members of the City Council
From:
Dennis Mitchell, Assistant City Attorney
Re:
Animal Control Work Session Items
Attached is a draft ordinance which: 1 ) provides for the microchipping of dogs and cats which are
redeemed for the animal shelter; 2) clarifies that "invisible" fences and electronic dog collars are
not considered fencing for the purposes of our animal control ordinances; and 3) clarifies that
prohibited animals may take part in circuses, Also attached are the proposed rules and
regulations for circuses and rodeos, as well as a brief memo from Misha Goodman-Herbst. Misha
has also drafted a memo regarding microchipping which will be handed out prior to the work
session on Monday.
Misha will be at the work session on Monday to answer any questions.
Attachments
Cc: Stephen Atkins, City Manager
Marjan Karr, City Clerk
R. J. Winkelhake, Police Chief
Misha Goodman-Herbst, Animal Control Supervisor
Prepared by: Misha Goodman-Herbst, Animal Shelter Supervisor, 410 E. Washington St., Iowa City, IA 52240;
319-356-5295
ORDINANCE NO.
AN ORDINANCE AMENDING TITLE 8,
ENTITLED "POLICE REGULATIONS",
CHAPTER 4, ENTITLED "ANIMAL CONTROL".
WHEREAS, thirty-five percent (35%) of all
impounded animals have been impounded
upon a previous date and less than five
percent (5%) of all animals impounded have
any type of traceable identification; and,
WHEREAS, the injection of a microchip will
allow the rightful owner of an impounded
animal to be to be located immediately,
thereby reducing the number of animals that
are held in the animal shelter and the number
of animals which must be euthanized due to
overcrowding; and,
WHEREAS, it would be in the public
interest to clarify that an invisible fence does
not constitute a fence for purposes of the
City's animal control ordinances as invisible
fences provide no warning for passers-by and
furthermore provide no means to contain an
animal once it has crossed the designated
plane; and,
WHEREAS, it would be in the public
interest to clarify that prohibited animals may
be included in a properly permitted circus.
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT ORDAINED BY
THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF IOWA
CITY, IOWA:
SECTION I. Title 8, entitled "Police
Regulations ", Chapter 4, entitled "Animal
Control", Section 1, entitled "Definitions" is
hereby amended by adding the following
definitions:
MICROCHIP: An encapsulated
biocompatible computer chip, programmed
with a unique identification number, injected
under the skin of an animal to provide
permanent identification.
FENCE: A physical barrier intended to
prevent escape or intrusion, entry or exit,
made of posts and wire, boards, stone, brick,
or similar material. Invisible fencing systems
using underground wire or electronic collar
Ordinance No.
Page 2
devices are not considered fencing for the
purposes of this Chapter.
SECTION II. Title 8, entitled "Police
Regulations", Chapter 4, entitled "Animal
Control", Section 8, entitled "lmpoundment
And Redemption Of Animals", Subsection D,
entitled "Redemption Of Impounded Animal" is
hereby amended by adding the following:
3. Microchip requirement: All dogs and
cats over the age of four months, redeemed
from the shelter, will have a microchip
identification implanted permanently into the
animal prior to redemption, Animals already
displaying a microchip will not be re-chipped if
the microchip is readable and traceable to a
currel3t owner.
SECTION Ill. Title 8, entitled "Police
Regulations", Chapter 4, entitled "Animal
Control", Section 8, entitled "lmpoundment
And Redemption Of Animals", Subsection G,
entitled "Registry Kept" is hereby amended by
amending subparagraph 1 as follows:
1. The City personnel or veterinarian
authorized to impound animals, upon receiving
any animal pursuant to this Chapter, shall
make a complete registration for such animal,
entering the date, species, breed, color and
sex of such animal and any tattoo number and
whether licensed. If such animal is licensed,
the impounding authority or personnel shall
enter the name and address of the owner and
the number of the license tag and microchip.
SECTION IV. Title 8, entitled "Police
Regulations", Chapter 4, entitled "Animal
Control", Section 6, entitled "Prohibitions And
Requirements", is hereby amended as follows:
Subsection A, entitled "Prohibited
Animals" is amended by adding:
3. A prohibited animal which is part of a
circus that has a valid permit under
this Chapter.
Subsection D, entitled "Animals At Large",
subparagraph 1, subparagraph a is amended as
follows:
l a. It is tethered or on the enclosed
fenced premises of the owner; or
SECTION V. REPEALER. All ordinances and
parts of ordinances in conflict with the provi-
sions of this Ordinance are hereby repealed.
SECTION VI. SEVERABILITY. If any section,
Ordinance No.
Page 3
provision or part of the Ordinance shall be
adjudged to be invalid or unconstitutional, such
adjudication shall not affect the validity of the
Ordinance as a whole or any section, provision
or part thereof not adjudged invalid or
unconstitutional.
SECTION VII. EFFECTIVE DATE. This Ordi-
nance shall be in effect after its final passage,
approval and publication, as provided by law.
Passed and approved this ~ day of
,19
MAYOR
ATTEST:
CITY CLERK
Approved by
City Attorney's Office
June 3, 1999
To: Dennis Mitchell, Assistant City Attorney
JUN 0 3 1999 i
CITY A TTORNEY'S OFFICE
Form:
Misha C. Goodman-Herbst, Supervisor Animal Control
Subject: Federal statutes regarding rodeos and circuses.
The Federal Animal Welfare Act does address circuses and the animals used
in them. Rodeos are not covered. Circuses are required to obtain a license
in each location a performance takes place and are subject to inspection
however there is no reference as to how often these inspections are made.
Animal care and housing requirements are general with respect to all
animals except primates. Primates have very specific requirements. The
rules and regulations that I have presented for circuses generally are no more
restrictive than the l~ederal Code with the exception to elephant care. The
additional elephant maintenance requirements are in place to protect public
health and safety and the animal's emotional state. I feel these rules and
regulations are necessary on a local level to ensure Iowa City has safe and
appropriate animal acts that ensure public health and safety and the humane
treatment of animals. It is not my intention to inhibit or prevent animal
related acts from coming to Iowa City, but to ensure that these acts are
professional in nature.
Circus Rules and Reffulations
Purpose of Regulation:
The purpose of these rules and regulations is to provide humane, safe, and sanitary
surroundings and treatment for performing and nonperforming domestic and wild animals
related to circuses and to provide a safe environment for the public who attends
performances and general areas in which circus animals are maintained.
Scope of Regulations:
The provisions in these rules and regulations apply to all circuses regardless of whether
or not a fee is charged to the public for attendance.
Time Requirement:
All circus permits shall be applied for at least 30 days prior to the first scheduled
performance. The division of animal control shall be notified immediately when a circus
enters the City of Iowa City.
Exemptions:
Circuses travelling through the City of Iowa City in route to other locations shall not be
subject to permit requirements unless the circus remains within the City of Iowa City for
more than 24 hours.
Definitions:
Performing Animals:
Performing animals shall be animals that have been rehearsed, controlled or monitored by
a trainer and can accomplish a consistent routine under prescribed behavior conducted
under the discipline of a trainer.
Nonperforming Animals:
Nonperforming animals shall be animals that are exhibited to the public in cages or
enclosures and are not removed for rehearsal or performance.
Cages:
Cages shall mean any enclosure in which the public has normal access to any area within
three (3) feet of any portion of the cage enclosed by bars.
Large Carnivore:
Large Carnivore includes but is not limited to lions, tigers, jaguars, leopards, pumas,
wolves, and hybrids.
Small Carnivore:
Small Carnivore includes but is not limited to coyote, wild cats, jungle cats, and bobcats.
Primate:
Primate includes but is not limited to gorillas, orangutans, spider monkeys, capuchins,
and macaques.
Size of Animal Cages and Enclosures, Containment Requirements
(a) Large Camivores: Large Carnivore animals shall be housed individually in cages
appropriate to the size of the animal allowing adequate exercise area and freedom
of movement. Enclosures shall have climbing apparatus, when necessary for the
species. Each additional animal housed together will require an increase in
space of twenty five percent. The cage must be constructed of steel or
casehardened aluminum with at least one solid side or portable divider panel so
that no animal may harm another animal. All cages must have a steel floor with a
wood surface suitable for drainage of urine covered with a natural substrate. All
cages shall have secure locking devices and shall be well ventilated. Cages
exposed directly to the public must be constructed of steel or alloy bars no more
than 11/2 inches apart.
(b)
Small Carnivores: Small Carnivore animals shall be housed in cages appropriate
to the size of the animal allowing adequate exercise area and freedom of
movement. Enclosures shall have climbing apparatus, when necessary for the
species. The cage must be constructed of steel or case hardened aluminum with at
least one solid side or portable divider panel so that no animal may harm another
animal. All cages must have a steel floor with a wood surface suitable for
drainage of urine covered with a natural substrate. All cages shall have secure
locking devices and shall be well ventilated. Cages exposed directly to the public
must be constructed of steel or alloy bars no more than 11/2 inches apart.
(C)
Bears and Hyenas: Bears and hyenas must be housed in cages appropriate to the
size of the animal allowing adequate exercise area and freedom of movement.
Enclosures shall have climbing apparatus, when necessary for the species. Each
additional animal housed together will require an additional 25 percent increase in
space. Cages must be constructed of steel or casehardened aluminum with one
solid side or a portable divider panel so that no animal may harm another animal.
All cages must have a steel floor suitable for drainage of urine and be covered
with a natural substrate. All cages shall have secure locking devices and be well
ventilated. Cages exposed directly to the public must be constructed of steel or
alloy bars no more than 11/2 inches apart.
(d)
Primates: Primates must be housed in cages no smaller than 91 inches deep, 65
inches wide and 78 inches high. Cages must include a sitting perch above floor
level and exercise objects, which promote physical and psychological well being.
These may include but are not limited to sturdy ropes, bars, branches and chains.
All cages shall be constructed of steel or casehardened aluminum with one solid
side or a portable locking divider panel so that no animal may harm another
animal. All cages must have a steel floor suitable for drainage of urine and
covered with a natural substrate. Cages exposed directly to the public must be
constructed of steel or alloy bars no more thanl 1/2 inches apart. All cages must
be sufficiently constructed to be escape-proof and the door must have a padlock at
the top and bottom.
(e)
(f)
Elephants: Elephants shall be maintained in an enclosure appropriate to the size
of the animal allowing adequate exercise area and freedom of movement. with a
fence of 2-inch diameter steel bars or 4-inch diameter schedule 40 galvanized
steel pipe at least 6 feet in height. No roof is required except for shelter. The
fence must be constructed of material strong enough to prevent the animals'
escape. The director of animal control must approve the use of electrified
fencing. The floor of the enclosure shall be covered with a natural substrate of
dirt and straw.
I. A heated enclosure shall be provided in any area where the ambient air
temperature drops below 40 degrees Fahrenheit.
II. All enclosures must be maintained in such a way that all lights and
other such objects and obstacles shall be kept outside the reach of the
elephant.
III. Elephants shall be provided exercise, flee of chains, within an
adequate enclosure on dirt for a minimum of 4 hours per each 24-hour
period.
IV.
Chaining Requirements:
1 .Chains shall be secured to a concrete floor, concrete "deadman",
or other immovable anchor.
2. A covered chaining area shall be provided.
3 .An elephant may be chained by only one rear leg and the
opposite front leg and in such a manner as to restrict movement but
still allow the animal to easily lay down and rise again. Chains
shall be rotated to the other 2 legs daily.
4.Elephants chained for any extended period shall have their leg
chains padded and shall be checked regularly to insure they are
secure and to detect any injury to the leg.
5.Snaps and clips may be used only within a primary enclosure. A
clevis or stronger type chain attachment shall be used outside the
primary enclosure.
6.Either a pool shall be provided or the elephant shall be washed
with water daily, as weather or temperature permits.
7.Constant chaining shall not exceed 14 days without written
justification from a veterinarian.
(g) Hoofstock Animals: Hoofstock animals such as zebras, horses or buffalo shall be
maintained within an enclosure constructed of galvanized steel livestock panels
appropriate for preventing the animals' escape. Animals must have enough room
to exercise and move around within enclosure. Separate enclosures shall be
maintained for animals that are not compatible with one another. All animals shall
be provided with a shelter that has a roof and three sides in fall and winter and a
lean to in spring and summer. Enclosure floors shall be dirt or an appropriate
substrate.
General Provisions:
1. All animals shall have currently maintained vaccinations specific to each species. A
written log for the animal(s) maintained must be on site. The log shall be written in
the English language and shall contain the following information; animal's health
care, vaccination, and treatment records, type of treatment and dates of treatment,
identifying marks, tattoo, microchip number, and veterinarian signature. A
Veterinarian must be on call twenty-four hours a day.
2. All circuses are subject to the United States Fish and Wildlife service regulations,
Federal Animal Welfare Act, Iowa State Agricultural Codes and Iowa City Municipal
Codes.
3. A qualified person shall be on duty at all times in the areas in which the animals are
located in order to monitor the animals and to prevent unauthorized persons from
entering these areas.
4. At least two animal trainers or handlers shall be present whenever animals are
performing for the public to ensure the safety of the animal and the public.
5. While in performance, the public shall be protected from the large camivores,
omnivores and elephants by a steel mesh cage or fence that must extend 13 feet high.
6. Hard floors within cages or enclosures shall be cleaned a minimum of once weekly.
Walls of cages and enclosures shall be spot cleaned daily. The surfaces of cages
including perches, shelves and any fixtures shall be cleaned weekly and shall be
constructed in a manner that permits thorough cleaning. Cages and enclosures with
din floors shall be raked a minimum of once every three days and all waste material
shall be removed. Any surface of cages or enclosures that may come into contact
with animal(s) shall be free of excessive rust that prevents the required cleaning or
that affects the structural strength.
7. All animals shall be provided with fresh water at intervals as to ensure their health
and welfare. All pools, tanks and water containers shall be clean and enclosures shall
provide drainage for surface water and runoff.
8. Food shall be of a type and quantify that meets the nutritional requirements for the
particular species and shall be provided in an unspoiled and uncontaminated
condition. Containers shall be clean.
9. Fecal and food waste shall be removed daily from inside, under and around cages and
stored or disposed of in a manner which prevents noxious odors or pests. Cages and
enclosures shall be ventilated to prevent noxious odors.
10. All animals shall be rolled in cages, leashed, haltered, tethered or chained while being
transported from cages to arena.
11. All cages and enclosures shall have adequate locks and shall remain locked at all
times and will only be opened to allow temporary entry or exit by a handler, trainer or
qualified circus employee.
12. Safeguards are to be used when necessary to prevent escape of animals such as
double-door mechanisms, interconnecting cages, lock down areas or other similar
devices.
13. All cages or enclosures constructed shall be well braced and securely anchored at
ground level to prevent escape by digging or erosion.
14. Animals shall be publicly displayed only for periods of time and under conditions
consistent with the animal's health and comfort. The animal must be handled so there
is no perceived risk to the public in the judgement of the Animal Control Officer,
with sufficient distance allowed between animal acts and the viewing public to assure
safety to both the public and the animals. Animals on display shall be contained
within an escape-proof area or enclosure at all times when not under the immediate
control of a handler. Circus animals shall be allowed a rest period of at least 4 hours
per day within an enclosure.
15. Permit holders are subject to all permit rules and regulations.
16. A circus must appropriate tranquilizing and immobilization drugs and equipment on
hand and available in the event of animal escape or injury. It shall be the
responsibility and liability of the circus owner, animal owners, handlers and trainers
to recapture and if necessary euthanize any animal that escapes.
Rodeo Rules and Reffulations
Purpose of Regulations:
The purpose of these rules and regulations is to provide humane, safe, and
sanitary surroundings and treatment for performing and nonperforming animals
related to rodeos and to provide a safe environment for the public who attends
performances and general areas in which rodeo animals are maintained.
Scope of Regulations:
The provisions in these rules and regulations apply to all rodeos regardless of
whether or not a fee is charged to the public for attendance.
1. No person or group may operate a rodeo within the City limits without first
applying for and obtaining a permit to do so.
2. All rodeos and rodeo events will be subject to inspections prior to approval of
permits and prior to all events.
Rodeos may include events of Team Penning, Barrel Racing, Saddle Bronc
Riding, Bull Riding and Steer Wrestling. No other events may take place without
prior approval from the director of Animal Control.
5. A veterinarian must be on call for every performance.
Animals found to be unfit to perform will be housed in a quiet location away from
performance arenas. These animals must be isolated and as comfortable as possible
to reduce stress. A veterinarian may examine animals and clear them to perform.
Animals must receive any medical attention necessary for their well being.
Animal Control Officers may determine animals that are unfit to perform due to
injury, illness, extreme aggressiveness or behavior that may be considered
unreasonably dangerous to the animal or the public.
All animals must be maintained in adequate containment areas that ensure the health
and safety of the animal and the public at all times. All animals must be under proper
control whenever outside of containment fencing. No animal may be allowed to run
loose outside of containment fencing or fenced arena. All animals must be properly
identified with tattoos, brands, microchip identification, or cattle mark to identify
ownership. All animals housed together must be compatible. Non compatible
animals shall be housed with a separation wall constructed in such a way as to
prevent animals from gaining access to one another.
9. All animals must be appropriately vaccinated. All animals must have reasonable
access to proper food, fresh water and adequate shelter.
10. Fecal and food waste shall be removed daily from inside and around enclosures and
stored or disposed of in a manner that prevents noxious odors or pests.
11. Dirt enclosures and arenas shall be raked daily.
12. Equipment and personnel must be on hand to remove any injured or down animal
from the performance arena and to recapture any animal in the event of escape.
13. A rodeo operator must have appropriate tranquilizing and immobilization drugs and
equipment on hand in the event of animal escape or injury.
14. An Animal Control Officer, judge, stock contractor or veterinarian may stop any
event due to unsafe arena conditions, animal injury or behavior which maybe
considered dangerous to the animal or the general public, excluding registered rodeo
participants
15. All rodeo events are subject to requirements of the Iowa State Agricultural Code,
United States Agricultural Code, Federal Animal Welfare Act and Iowa City
Municipal Code.
City of Iowa City
MEMORANDUM
Date: May 10. 1999 ('/t~'/-fr--'f2 ~ ~
To: City Council
From: Misha C. Goodman-Herbst, Animal Control Supervisor
Subject: Change in Shelter Policy, Fees and New Ordinance
Microchipping of Shelter Animals And Owners Reclaimed
Invisible Fences and Animal Confinement Requirements
Regarding
Animals;
I am requesting a program to start microchipping domestic animals at the shelter for
identification purposes. I would like to first chip all animals adopted from the shelter prior to
adoption. The chips cost us $5.00 currently under a special shelter program but may go up in
price to $7.50. I would like to increase the adoption fee by $10 for each animal. This would pay
for the cost and injection of the chip. Second, I would like to have an ordinance considered that
would require all lost animals being reclaimed from the shelter, by their owners, to have a
microchip identification implanted prior to releasing the animal. This would require a $10
increase in the reclaim fee but would only be a one-time fee. Animals repeatedly coming into
the shelter would not need to be chipped again.
Shelter staff has determined that at least 35% of the animals coming into the shelter have been
impounded before. Less then 5% of the animals impounded into the shelter have any kind of
traceable identification. This requires the shelter, by state law, to hold animals a certain amount
of time until an owner can be found. During that period the City pays for the cost of maintaining
that animal. Animals who have identification can be reunited with their owners quickly and
reduce the cost of caring for them in the shelter.
Reasons for microchipping owner-reclaimed animals include the ability to identify an owner in
cases where an animal has bitten someone thereby obtaining important rabies information. Or
in cases where animals impounded may have specific health conditions or be on prescribed
medications, time may be imperative in getting the animal the care it needs. Insuring animals
are reclaimed quickly opens up space in the shelter. Having this space reduces the possibility
of euthanasia due to overcrowding. Owners will be provided information about the
microchipping process.
I am also requesting an amendment to the dog-at-large ordinance, Section 8-4-6. This
amendment would define fencing for the confinement of animals and would exempt the use of
invisible fence systems for confinement of animals from that definition. Although I do not wish to
prohibit the general installation and use of invisible fence systems in the City, I believe they are
a problem when used as the only means of confining an animal. I have received ongoing
complaints from the water department, MidAmerican Energy, U.S. postal carriers, and the
general public regarding these fence systems.
The way the systems work is that an electric or battery operated wire is buried underground and
the animal wears a collar to maintain it within a specified area. If the animal comes in contact
with the border of wire it gets a shock. Once the animal crosses the wire, the shock ceases,
thereby giving the animal freedom to roam. Containment in these systems depends totally on
the animal's behavior. The shelter constantly impounds animals running at large wearing these
collars.
The problem meter readers and other maintenance workers have is that when they enter a
property with an invisible fence they don't know the fence or the animal is there. Workers have
been surprised, chased, and almost bitten in these cases. Public complaints have also included
children entering front yards of properties not knowing that an animal is there. Citizens using
the City sidewalk have had dogs charge them viciously. The invisible fence line sometimes is
set right at the edge of the sidewalk. The citizen has no idea that the animal is going to stop
because the fence is not visible or marked with any kind of signage. As a result, it should be
made clear to the public that more traditional fencing is required for purposes of our animal
control ordinances.
indexbc\mernos\l -1 MGH.doc
Qo
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS REGARDING
MICROCHIPPING OF ANIMALS
What is a microchip?
A microchip is a tiny computer chip which has an identification number programmed into
it. This microchip is encapsulated within biocompatible material. The whole device is
small enough to fit into a hypodermic needle .and can be simply injected, by trained
personnel, under the skin of an animal where it will stay for the life of the animal. This
microchip provides a permanent positive identification which cannot be lost. altered or
intentionally removed.
How does the microchip work?
The computer memory contained in the microchip is a unique number. No two animals
will ever have the same number. A radio signal is used to read this number through the
skin of the animal. In addition to the number, the microchip generates a reliability check
to guarantee that your identifying number is read accurately. This all takes place in less
than a second.
How long does the microchip last?
Once injected under the skin of your pet, the microchip becomes incased by a thin layer
of protein which anchors it in place for the rest of the pet's life. It does not pass through
or out of the body. The microchip itself has no power supply to replace or moving pads
to wear down. Therefore, it can be expected to last for decades; well beyond the life
span of most domestic animals.
What is the youngest age an animal can be identified?
Animals of any age can be injected with a microchip. Puppies and kittens are generally
chipped during their initial vaccine series.
Why should animals be chipped?
The national rate for the reclaim of animals from animal shelters by their owners is 30%
for dogs and just 13% for cats. Accidents happen and animals get loose. Less than 2%
of animals entering shelters have any form of traceable identification. Animals
impounded into the shelter without identification have a slim chance of being reunited
with their owners unless the owner actively searches for the animal. There is no need to
euthanize animals with traceable identification. Reuniting animals with their owners in a
timely manner means a reduction in the cost of maintaining animals for longer periods of
time in the facility.
Does an animal have to be sedated for the injection?
No! the injection creates only a slight discomfort. Most animals don't 'even react to it.
The microchip is encapsulated in a specially formulated biocompatible material created
specifically for this kind of application.
Could an animal be allergic to the microchip?
The microchip is inert and biocompatible. There is virtually no chance of the body
developing an allergy or trying to reject the microchip after being properly injected.
How will animals be checked for microchips?
Iowa City animal shelter has microchip readers in each patrol vehicle and in the
facility to scan each and every animal impounded or entering the shelter.
The shelter also has the Avid Universal Reader on hand to real microchips from
various companies.
What is PETtrac?
PETtrac is a nationwide computerized tracking system for companion animals that have
been identified with the AVID FriendChip. This system allows lost animals to be reunited
with their owners wherever they are in the country.
How would microchips be documented at the shelter?
Microchip registration numbers will be imputed into the shelter's computer system and
into screens of licensed and reclaimed animals.
animals\micfchip.doc
5/99