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HomeMy WebLinkAbout2000-04-18 Correspondence Dear Iowa City Councilors and Mayor Lehman: I would like to add my opinion on having a park where dogs could be let off leash in Iowa City. I have heard that one of the possible places for such a park is Ryerson Woods. I think this park is not an appropriate place for a dog park because it is one of the few places in Iowa City that has any quantity or quality of wild flowers. This is a very small park and is one of the few undisturbed pieces of land in Iowa City. I think that by allowing it to be used for a dog park would quickly destroy its natural features. There is no source of water for dogs either. The sheer numbers of people that have dogs and would use the park would quickly ruin this small park. I have a suspicion that our parks and recreation personnel (and our city council?) are completely unfamiliar with any of the natural features or plants in any of our parks. I believe that a better place for such a dog park would be Hickory Hill Park. This large and undeveloped area is perfect for dogs to run and play. This area is already used by hundreds of people and dogs. The dam area is the most popular place and it seems to have all the features that dogs love, lots of room to run, and sources of water for drinking and swimming. I don't believe that a new fence would be necessary, except maybe along the south boundary, where the houses are built right on the park edge. It would be nice to have some trees planted there to block the view of the houses from the park. The rest of the park actually is fenced, although in some places it should be repaired. This is the only park in Iowa City that is not overly developed, crowded with bicyclists, rollerbladers, soccer, tennis, baseball, etc. activities, parking lots, and paved trails. It would require no money to designate the park as a place for dogs off leash, and no major construction projects are needed to accommodate dogs and their owners. Some of the park areas have beautiful wild flowers but because of the large area of the park, these are not disturbed. The place with the most variety and quantity of wild flowers is the six acre grove of hickory trees that is part of the disputed cemetery land, but because of the shrubby undergrowth of brambles and gooseberry bushes, there are few paths through it and the wild flowers remain undisturbed. The dogs have had little impact on this area. The dam area is completely unnatural, and is already worn down, by people, dogs, and sledding in the winter, but regrows every summer. Most of the plants are rather weedy, but the dogs don't mind. I think the City Council should designate Hickory Hill Park as a dog off leash park, and keep it in its undeveloped state. There are thousands of us citizens who want the park to remain as is, and not become overdeveloped to accommodate all the sports nuts in Iowa City. Many of us just like to take a walk in the woods with our dogs and enjoy the peace and quiet. Sincerely, Nancy F. Hindes 728 Fairchild Street Iowa City, Iowa 52245 PS. If you have the chance, go to Hickory Hill Park in the next few weeks, walk around the grove of hickory trees near the Bloomington Street entrance and you will see millions of trout lilies carpeting the forest floor. APR 0, 3 2000 March 30, 2000 CITY MANAGER'S OFFICE Iowa City-City Council 410 E Washington Iowa City, IA 52240 Dear Council Members, I moved to Iowa in August of 1997 to take an Assistant Professorship at the University of Iowa. I lived in Coralvi!le for two years and took advantage of many aspects of Coralville and Iowa City until I decided which side of town I wanted to buy a house and reside. I bought a home on the East Side of Iowa City and have lived here since June 1999. One aspect of the East Side that I have greatly utilized is Hickory Hill Park. I love that Hickory Hill Park is used by runners, hikers, skiers, dog owners, and sledders. When I go to the park (daily), the majority of people I see using the park are in fact dog owners, although I realize that there may be people who do not use the park for this reason. It is the dog owners who I have seen construct bridges, pick up trash, and even put a board over a very deep hole that was in the opening of the park and I consider them to be very responsible. I know that the signs have recently been placed stating that all dogs must be on leash but this will not occur realistically. The dogs should have an area to run and play and also be able to use the park. Although options have circulated that dogs could be off- leash if they are under voice control, this is not realistic given that this cannot be enforced effectively. Another is that all dogs must be on leash, but that does not allow them to play with other dogs or even swim. A third option is that times are delegated but this will not likely work given the various work schedules that exist in the community. This town needs to designate an area for dogs for the satisfaction of both the dogs and for the other users of the park. Many owners use the dam as the place for their dogs to play and run. This is not a vegetative region of the park and I do not understand why this open area could not be designated as an off-leash region. If signs were posted at trails stating that dogs must be on-leash but could be off-leash in the dam area, I am sure most owners would abide. In addition, other users of the park would be informed that dogs would be off-leash and could avoid those areas if they so choose. I have heard and seen multiple letters in area newspapers stating the views of those against dogs off-leash in the park, but the majority of people who use the park are of the opposite opinion. Many of them have informed me that they have sent letters to the City Council regarding this issue, but we never see these letters printed or addressed. Most people I have spoken to regarding this issue were willing to designate an area of the park for dogs. This is a subject that needs more discussion and can be handled by compromise rather than by posting signs up at the entrances that satisfies only one small group of park users. I feel passionately about this issue as do other park users. Please feel flee to contact me regarding this issue. Sincerely, Sarah K. England 4 Ashwood Drive Iowa City, IA 52245 319-446-1168 (home) 319-335-7860 (work) Say No to Gun Silencers: I've come to City Council tonight to ask you to consider the importance of retaining the present wise ban on the use of gun silencers within city limits. Voters as well as councillors should have the opportunity to evaluate this policy before the city government ratifies such a drastic change. Last month I wrote the city under open access laws to ask for copies of city records of the deer sharpshooting which occurred last January. In his response, the city manager indicated that no records of e-mail and telephone messages to and from his office could or would be made available. The other materials, when they arrived, also made no mention of several important aspects of the deer-shooting program--the identity of property owners who gave permission to shoot on their land, for example; and the nature, extent and cost of the Department of Natural Resources's oversight and logistical support. A few internal notes and memoranda also seemed to interpret complaints about the sharpshooters' gunfire as complaints about the sound of the gunfire, a self-serving conclusion. In particular, one item caught my eye. In January, when citizens called to complain about the shots, the city manager's administrative assistant assured them then that the city would "encourage legislators to amend the State law to allow federally-registered personnel conducting a deer management sharpshooting program to possess a suppressed weapon in Iowa". January seemed a bit early to be talking about further shooting, much less ways to make it more cost-effective--before any attempt by the deer-commission to study the killing and its consequences; or consider cooperation with the Humane Society's contraception program; or even conclude in any systematic way that "the deer-problem" still exists. More recently, representative Dick Myers mentioned in a radio interview that someone in city government had asked him to sponsor an amendment in the Iowa State Legislature to permit the use of silenced guns--one variety of "suppressed weapons"-- within city limits. Such amendments are sometimes passed with little or no discussion, and even less public awareness that a significant change has even taken place. The potential implications of these events disturb me. We need more gun control in Iowa City, not less, and we certainly do not need to forfeit the protections we have. "Authorized" private use of silencers in Iowa City would effectively conceal from us semiprivate uses of lethal weapons within city limits, a precedent so dangerous that the Iowa City Press Citizen--no enemy of "north- corridor" development, and a long-time supporter of the sharpshooting-- condemned such use in an editorial last month. Any referendum or honest canvass of public opinion would show overwhelming opposition to the use of such devices and the prima facie threats they pose to public safety. If it is disturbing to hear of gunfire near one's home or children, is it less troubling that such shooting can occur when one does not even know about it? I therefore ask the City Manager and members of the City Council tonight to distance themselves publically and decisively from this violation of public safety and civil liberties, before it is too late. Florence Boos Iowa City Council 410 E. Washington Street Iowa City, I,A 52240 De~r Councilore: I am writing express my support fo~ a local ordinance which would allow only those of minimum legal clHnlcing age into dHnl~ng establishnaents. High risk unizlerage drinking costs our community dearly in both the economic and social realms. Such an ordinance would save the City in_ enforcement and dean up co~t.~ ~___~d in~ease the q,,__~li.~, of ;ILfe doomtown for all dtizens. Iowa City is one of very few commtulities across the state and nation that allows people below the minimum legal drinking age to enter bars. Despite the best intentions of bar owners, it is unrealistic to expect that under-age patrons will refrain from alcohol consumption once allowed entrance to the establishment. I feel we must do all we can to assist our young people in making healthy choices and allowing 18 year old access to bars is inconsistent with this philosophy. Iowa City prides itself on being a diverse and inviting community. Restricting access to under-age drinkers would drive a vital new late night market for a population of approximately 10,000 University of Iowa students under the age of 21. It is time for Iowa City to do the right thing and promote healthy choices for our young citizens. Please restrict access to bars to those of minimum legal drinking age. Sincerely, April 12, 2000 Members City Council 410 E Washington St. Iowa City, Iowa 52240 Dear Councilors: We are writing to express our support for a local ordinance which would allow only those of minimum legal drinking age into drinking establishments that serve alcoholic beverages. High risk underage drinking costs our community dearly in both the economic and social realms. Such an ordinance would save the City in enforcement and clean up costs and increase the quality of life downtown for all citizens. As well as impart a message that Iowa City cares about the young people who live hcre...pcrmanently and part time. Iowa City is one of very few communities across the state and nation that allows people below the minimum legal drinking age to enter bars. Despite the best intentions of bar owners, it is unrealistic to expect that under-age patrons will refrain from alcohol consumption once allowed entrance to the establishment. We feel we must do all we can to assist our young people in making healthy choices and allowing 18 year olds access to bars is inconsistent with this philosophy. Iowa City prides itself on being a diverse and inviting community. Let's show the under 21 age population of approximately 10,000 University of Iowa students that this community does care about them and offer ways to promote healthy choices. We can start by restricting access to bars to those of minimum legal drinking age. ALCOHOL IS A DRUG. IT CAUSES DEATH AND DESTRUCTION. WHY MAKE IT EASILY ACCESSIBLE TO HIGHLY IMPRESSIONABLE YOUTH? t conce ~,t COFIC~~ Bill and Marlene Stanford Mi tlI ItR'$ BfflllDavid Germann 100 Burge 4400 Iowa City, IA Dear members of the Iowa City City Council, I'm writing about the upcoming decision to raise the age of legal entry into the bars of Iowa City. I'm a 22 year old senior at the University of Iowa, and I have lived in the residence halls for all four years of my college career. In these last four years I have gained a lot of insight into all the diversity of student life and the role that alcohol plays in that. I believe that the low age of entry into the bars has caused several poor effects on both the campus and the city. I now live in Burge hall which mostly consists of first year students who are not of the legal age to drink. But despite their age, there are hundreds of students who consistently drink. Furthermore, many of them participate in what is considered "binge drinking." Some of the effi~cts of this drinking that l've noticed are increased violence (especially on the men's floors in the residence halls), increased vandalism, false fire alarms, an increase in boredom, a lack of creativity, and a generally oppressive spirit. Personally I love beer. It's one of my favorite drinks. But 1 never drink in Iowa City because of the way alcohol is abused, especially by minors. I hope that one day alcohol will be handled maturely in Iowa City and I'll be able to enjoy a nice beer downtown. I should also say that I don't think that by raising the age to 21 all of the alcohol problems in Iowa City will be solved. I believe there are other factors such as the availability of other entertainment that will affect the role alcohol will play in student life in the future. But I do believe that raising the age to 21 will help the problem will greatly benefit the city's overall health and stability. Incidentally, a while ago some friends of mine did some research, and we read an article from the Des Moines Register from the early 20th century about a woman who refused to send her children to the University of Iowa because of the infamous drinking problems in Iowa City. I'd much prefer to be known by our diversity, our academia, or by a loving, peaceful community. Raising the age to 21 will help change our reputation. Thank you for your time. Sincerely, David Germann - A COMMUNITY AND CAMPUS COALiTiON TO REDUCE BINGE DRINKING MEMORANDUM ExecutWe Members carob',~ c.,'itc Date: April 12, 2000 To: Iowa City City Council Jim Clayton From: Stepping Up Executive Committee RE: Underage access to alcohol Ma~, Sne Cokm~ The Stepping Up Project is a community and university coalition representing a variety of constituencies that deal with alcohol and alcohol-related behavior. We role Hening would not exist were it not for the fact that high risk drinking is a recognized serious problem in Iowa City. No single action will resolve this problem, and no Phillip E. Jones single agency or organization bears all of the responsibility for reducing high risk drinking behavior. We write to you today to urge that the City of Iowa City make PaT Ke~cha,n the kinds of contributions to reducing the problem that only the city can make. In Iowa no person under the age of 21 may legally consume alcohol. Yet, our Mary. Khowassah data demonstrate that 86% of underage students who go to bars drink while they are at the bar. Clearly, bar operators, despite their best efforts, are unable to E~i~ Leh.~a,~ prevent their underage customers from breaking the law by drinking. An environment that mixes large crowds, underage customers, and alcohol almost Ste,,e P~rro~t guarantees illegal drinking. In a recent survey, in response to the question "Is there anything else you would like to tell us concerning alcohol use at your school?" students told, for example, Dan Patterson "... you only have to be 18 to get into the bars, then getting beer is easy." Julie Phye "... having bars that serve alcohol allowing 19 and up in, only encourages Lane Plugge under-age drinking." "... seems as if there are almost as many underage drinkers as legal Tom Rocldm drinkers." Cathy Solow "... enforcement at the bars is pathetic and sporadic ." Nan Trefz Underage drinking is a key issue for us because underage drinkers are, on average, much less responsible drinkers than legal drinkers. For example, among students, underage drinkers are 1.6 times as likely to drink "to get drunk" than J. Patrick White their legal age counterparts. I00 Curtier Hall, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 55242 (319)335-1349 This is consistent with the data that indicate that underage student drinkers are much more likely to drink a lot in a single session than legal age students--after all, they are drinking to get drunk. The fact that underage drinkers are less responsible about their use of alcohol is, of course, precisely why all 50 states have set 21 as the minimum legal drinking age. And the fact that controlling admission to bars is far and away the most effective way to prevent underage drinking in bars is the reason that Ames, Cedar Rapids, Des Moines, Dubuque, Ottumwa, Sioux City, and most cities with Big Ten universities, do not allow people who are not old enough to drink legally to enter bars. Restricting bar entry to customers who are legally allowed to drink is not a strange idea. Many cities in Iowa and across the nation have successfully implemented such a policy without major problems and have reaped the benefits. We hope that the materials we have enclosed will help you in your deliberations. Even more so, we hope that you will pass an ordinance that effectively keeps people who are too young to drink out of drinking establishments. Thank you for your consideration. WHAT IS THE PREVALENCE OF HIGH-RISK DRINKING AMONG UI STUDENTS? 1997 1999 Drink to get drttnk Underage 73.7% 67.8% Legal Age 56.5% 47.7% Frequently Binged (3 or more times in two weeks) Underage 40.2% 41.0% Legal Age 28.5% 31.2% Moderate drinkers Underage. 20.1% 26.1% Legal Age 36.0% 31.2% Usually binged when they drank Underage. 70.6% 68.4% Legal Age 41.1% 40.0% Considers self a problem drinker 0.2% 0.0% More underage students drink to get drunk, and binge drink more frequently than legal age students. Additionally, eighty-two percent of frequent bingers report they usually consumed 8 or more drinks when they went out. Forty-one percent of the underage students are frequent bingers. Frequent bingers, are much more likely than responsible drinkers to state their reason for drinking "is to get drunk". Yet, no one considers him or herself a problem drinker. UI Division* Students who hinge in high school and binge in college 35.7% 27.0% Students who did not binge in high school/did binge in college: 29.1% 23.4% Students who did not binge in high school or college: 27.6% 43.0% These data suggest that University of Iowa/Iowa City attracts students with high-risk drinking behaviors. The percentage of UI students who also binged in high school is significantly higher than all comparison groups: Public Institutions with greater then 10,000 students, the North Central region and the national average. Additionally, this environment allows those who haven't binged in high school to develop that behavior here. The percentage of UI students not binging in high school but starting while at the UI is higher than all comparison groups. WHAT IS THE PREVALENCE OF UNDERAGE DRINKING IN BARS? Approximately two-thirds of underage students go to the bars. Of U of I underage students who patronize bars, 86% drink while they are at the bar. It has been argued that if young adults were allowed to drink, the intrigue would vanish and they would not drink to get drunk. The data above disputes this line of thinking. We can see it is very easy for underage students to access alcohol and they still drink frequently and excessively. HOW DO UNDERAGE STUDENTS OBTAIN ALCOHOL? Underage students were asked to indicate each of the ways they have procured alcohol within a month prior to the survey. 1997 1999 A student 21 or over 86% 83% A student under 21 56% 60% Self without using a fake ID 41% 32% Self using a fake ID 38% 26% A parent or relative 25% 21% A stranger 7% 15% The data above suggest that underage students have easy access to alcohol and obtain it in many different ways. It is evident that underage students primarily get alcohol from their older friends. However, a majority of underage students have also gotten alcohol from another underage student within the month prior to the survey. Fake IDs are NOT a primary method for obtaining alcohol, possibly because of the success with which underage students can obtain alcohol themselves without using an ID. Again, of underage students who go to the bars, 86% drink while they are at the bar. When asked if there is a place near campus to get alcohol without a fake ID: 57% said they could get it from a bar without an ID. 23% said they could get it from a liquor or grocery store without an ID. WHAT DOES IT COST? Regardless of cost, bars are more popular with underage students than house parties. In the month preceding this survey, more underage students state they took advantage of a low priced promotion at a bar than free unlimited drinks at a private party. 53% low priced bar promotion 45% free unlimited drinks at a party Recently, some bars have voluntarily adopted a ban on advertising drink specials in the Daily lowan, However, they have not stopped the practice of low priced promotions in the bar itself. Once inside, underage students are attracted to happy hour and low priced promotions. 62% had taken advantage of a special. Of frequent bingers, 56% had taken advantage of a price promotion. WHAT CONSEQUENCES DO UI STUDENTS EXPERIENCE FROM THEIR HIGH-RISK DRINKING? 1997 1999 Missed Class 48.7% 42.6% Got behind in school work 29.3% 33.2% Forgot where they were/what did 33.7% 35.1% Argued with friends 35.1% 29.4% Engaged in unplanned sex 29.0% 25.0% Didn't use protection during sex 12.4% 12.4% Damaged property 13.6% 15.3% Got in trouble with police 9.8% 9.2% Got hurt or injured 15.9% 19.2% 2 Required medical treatment 0.5% 1.1% Have five or more of the above 27.8% 26.8% ANECDOTAL EVIDENCE OF PRIMARY PROBLEMS AMONG UNDERAGE In the University' s Fall 1999 report of self-destructive behavior, the Vice- President's Office was made aware of 21 students (ten females and 11 males) who drank to a level jeopardizing their health and safety. In all of those cases the students were under the legal drinking age. In 9 of those cases the students had been drinking at bars. During the 10 fall weekends of 1999, emergency room personnel at the University of Iowa Health Care monitored visits by 18-24 year olds. During those weekends 77 people aged 18-24 were seen in the Emergency Treatment Center for alcohol-related reasons, on one weekend there were 13 and a second 15. Several of the entries mention details about the patient's reasons for coming to the ETC. Many of the patients, both male and female were under the legal drinking age, including those below. One 19 year-old was brought by ambulance and reported she had celebrated a friends birthday by having three shots at each of seven bars on the pub crawl. Her BAC was.50. · A 20 year-old was brought in after falling down a flight of stairs at a local bar. She experienced a loss of consciousness and a chin laceration. · A 19 year-old came in with lacerations from falling on a beer bottle. Her friends, who were also intoxicated, were removed for harassing the ETC personnel. · An 18 year -old was taken to the ETC by ambulance after being found unresponsive at a local bar. · One 19 year-old reported he drank eight beers and three mixed drinks before passing out in a bathroom. · In addition to these 77 cases, several patients were also seen who were under age 18. Some have argued that the definition of binge drinking (4 in a row for women, and 5 for men)is too low and does not allow for the time period in which alcohol was consumed. Regardless of what its called, this behavior still gives us reason for concern. With this definition, there are many alcohol-related problems. This definition is useful because it shows us where the problems start. WHAT CONSEQUENCES DO OTHER UI STUDENTS EXPERIENCE FROM SOMEONE ELSE'S HIGH-RISK DRINKING? (second-hand effects) 1997 1999 Been insulted or humiliated 44.1% 42.6% Had a serious argument or quarrel 37.8% 38.0% Been pushed hit or assaulted 21.5% 18.0% Had property damaged 22.5% 23.1% Had to babysit a drunken student 65.7% 69.1% Had study/sleep interrupted 71.8% 69.9% Experienced an unwanted sexual advance 33.1% 37.0% Victim of sexual assault or date rape 2.3% 2.4% Experienced at least one of the above 92.0% 91.0% 3 Nine out of ten students have experienced at least some type of harm from someone else's high-risk drinking. Two-thirds have had to babysit a drunken student or had their sleep or study interrupted. Over a third of the men and women had experienced an unwanted sexual advance. While almost 1 in 5 experienced a physical assault. All of these percentages are higher than the national average. HAVE OTHER CITIES RESTRICTED UNDERAGE DRINKING? Ordinances from other cities in Iowa and information on state regulations are attached. WHAT SUPPORT IS THERE FOR POLICY CHANGE? UI student support: 1999 Alcohol flee social opportunities 91% Making the rules clearer 89% Offer alcohol flee residence halls 81% Crackdown on parties at Greek houses 59% Crackdown on underage drinking 50% Party hosts held responsible 37% Students also indicated: Agree with the way UI is dealing with student alcohol use 61% Alcohol is a problem or major problem on campus 55% The current campus policy is enforced 55% Should keep current policy 38% Should impose greater restrictions 20% Though students hold these views, it seems it is very hard for them to speak out. Though 9 in 10 have experienced a 2"d hand effect, only 1 in 7 in the residence halls have complained to an RA about someone else's drinking. Community Support · In March, alcohol use was ranked as the top major community health problem by the Johnson County Health Improvement Planning Committee. · According to a local survey commissioned by Stepping Up in 1998, when asked about the most important problems facing local 18-25 year olds, roughly 40% of the IC/CV adult respondents spontaneously mention alcohol-related problems. (Iowa Social Science Institute, 1998.) · Underage drinking ranked first among a series of perceived community problems with illegal drug use, dnmken driving, binge drinking, and underage smoking ranking 2-5 respectively. · Public policies supported by the majority included: strictly enforcing laws dealing with fake IDs, selling of alcohol to underage or intoxicated people, and support for laws that immediately revoke drivers licenses for drunken driving and purchase by minors. Note: All data unless noted otherwise are the from 1997 and 1999 College Alcohol Survey. Harvard School of Public Health. Surveys of University of Iowa Students. 4 1999 College Alcohol Study University of Iowa Student Responses to: "Is there anything else you wouM like to tell us co,ncerning alcohol use at your school?" Student Responses: "When I drink, its usually just a beer or two at home, a few days a week. The major problem on campus I think is the bars right on campus. I think that's all a lot of under-age drinkers think there is to do. After all, you only have to be 18 to get into the bars, then getting beer is easy." "We have about 45 bars here in a two block radius and it is very easy for underage people to buy alcohol once they are inside the bar." "I strongly feel that any alcohol use is directly attributable to the student because he/she makes the choice to drink. However, there is a high prevalence of bars on this campus with little else to do on weekends. I think another way of dealing with the problem is to advocate bars that serve alcohol to 21 or up. Why not have some dance bars that offer an alcohol free environment that can be just as fun. You will always have some students that get in as under 21 with a fake ID, but having bars that serve alcohol allow 19 and up only encourages under-age drinking." "At the University of Iowa, it seems that the fraternity/sorority system has a strong hold on at least one of the off-campus bars downtown. It seems as if there are almost as many under-age drinkers as legal drinkers. It is a common complaint among students that there is nothing else to do but drink." "There is nothing to stop students from drinking at Iowa. I support carding for the purchase of alcohol. I disagree with how the town and police deal with students and the bars." "Alcohol is greatly abused at by my school by minors primarily. The school is trying to enforce new policy. Also the entire Greek system went dry this year. So, most drinking activity takes place at the bars, which puts the problem on the city's hands and not the school. The policy enforcement at the bars is pathetic and sporadic." "When considering on-campus vs. off-campus bars, it is hard to distinguish. All of our bars are located downtown in the exact same area as campus. So, when asking students questions about on campus/off campus, there is little difference." "It's extremely high. I think our school had a survey which said that 94% of our students drink. Everyone seems to come to party here from a lot of other schools. Since we have so many bars, a fake ID works just about anywhere, as long as it says you're 21 ." My Caucasian friend who has brown hair uses and Asian girl's ID. One of my other friends, who is Asian, uses a Caucasian ID." "I would like to add that drinking is the basis of my social life at school." "It is extremely easy to find a party off-campus and it is the norm for under-age people to be admitted without any problem at all. It's fairly easy to get away with under-age drinking in the bars as well. This is my third year here and I got out 'to the bars almost every weekend. I have never gotten caught by police, which I think is some kind of miracle. I cannot see a significant decrease in under-age drinking in the future." "Dig is a problem at the University of Iowa. However, most of the people are responsible about it and don't drink when they are supposed to be studying or doing other important activities. Drinking and all the bars are part of my decision to transfer out. Besides school, theres nothing to do in Iowa City." "I feel as if the alcohol usage is a severe problem with the mixture of drugs. Control is harder to maintain and decision making becomes more ambiguous. Underage alcohol use is a severe problem both in and out of the Greek system." "I am not the typical college student at the University of Iowa; very atypical. I drink on occasion because I enjoy the taste of alcohol. My peers, however will ingest any fermented drink in order to produce the desired results of getting trashed/wasted. Alcohol (for minors) is not difficult to obtain. The admimstration is naive to believe that Greek houses are dry. Listening to ongoing conversation reveals that drinking consumes many of the students activities." "I think that a large number of students rarely drink during the week, but see the weekend as the me to drink. Every night that I go out to bars, I see at least two people get kicked out of the bar I'm at and many more people that should be. I also have to watch at least one of the people I go out with puke or pass out when I get home. I'm a very moderate drinker compared to many of the people I observe at my school. Although, I must take into consideration that I'm always surrounded by people who have at least one drink a night." "Nearly anything can be made dangerous through abuse. Hence it is my belief that self~ control is an essential quality for everyone, especially students to have. I believe self control is what determines whether an angry person simply voices a strong argument or opinion, or murders an opponent. While stricter enforcement of laws and rules prevent some alcohol abuse incidents, it is virtually impossible for this approach to be effective at all times. It may sound contradictory that I am in favor of the legal drinking age remaining at 21. This age for a majority, is of a more mature mind set. At 21, a college student is more accustomed to the rigors of college work, more defined by their goals in life, and thus can better handle the privilege to drink. Yet, our society must recognize that college students will drink regardless of laws, policies, and regulations. Therefore, teaching self-control and hoxv to exercise it is the best defense against alcohol abuse." "I would just like to say that I am abnormal. I don't drink, smoke or have sex. This is a personal choice. Most people I know do drink, smoke and have sex. I'm just saying that do not represent the majority' of my school." ( ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES § 5-7.1 Sec. 5-4. Sunday Sales: case of liquor, wine or beer given or dispensed to a person under the legal age within a private My club, hotel, motel, or commercial estab- home and with the knowledge, presence, and lishment holding a liquor control license or beer consent of the parent or guardian, for beverage permit may apply for and receive permission, in or medicinal purposes or administered to the accordance with section 123 of the Code of Iowa, person by either a physiclan or dentist for me- to sell and dispense alcoholic liquor, wine and dicinal purposes and except to the extent that a beer to patrons on Sunday between the hours of person under the legal age may handle alcoholic eight o'clock (8:00) A.M. Sunday and two o'clock .liquor, wine and beer during the regular course (2:00) A.M. the following Monday. (1976 Code, ' of the person's employment by a liquor control § 5-4; Ord. 68-97, § 8, 11-17-1997) licensee, or wine or beer permittee under this Section. Sec. 5-5. Beer And Wine Brand Signs (b) A person who is under legal age, other Prohibited: than a licensee or permittee, who violates this Section regarding the purchase of or attempt to No signs or other matter advertising any purchase alcoholic liquor, wine or beer, or pos- brand of alcoholic liquor, beer or wine shall be sessing or having control of alcoholic liquor, erected or placed upon the outside of any pre- wine or beer commits a simple misdemeanor mises occupied by a licensee or permittee autho- punishable by a fine of one hundred dollars rized to sell liquor, beer or wine at retail. This ($100.00) for the first offense. (1976 Code, § 5-7; Section does not prohibit the use of signs or Ord. 50-94, § 2, 9-19-1994; Ord. 71-95, § 4, other matter inside a fence or similar enclosure 11-20-1995; Ord. 68-97, § 4, 11-17-1997) which wholly or partially surrounds the li- censed premisesx. (1976 Code, § 5-5) Sec. 5-7.1. Persons Under Twenty One Years Of Age Prohibited From Sec. 5-6. Consumption In Public Places: Attempting To Purchase Or Oth- erwise Obtain Alcoholic Liquor, It is unlawful for any person to use or con- And From Misrepresenting The sume alcoholic liquors, wine or beer upon the Person's Age: public streets or highways, or alcoholic liquors in any public place, except premises covered by (a) A person under legal age shall not misrep- a liquor control license, or to possess or con- resent the person's age for the purpose of pur- sume alcoholic liquors, wine or beer on any chasing or attempting to purchase any alcoholic public school property or while attending any liquor, wine or beer from any licensee or per- public or private school-related functions. As mittee. If any person under the legal age mis- used in this Section, "school" means a school or represents the person's age, and the licensee or that portion of a school, which provides teach- permittee establishes that the licensee or per- ing for any grade from kindergarten through mittee made reasonable inquiry to determine grade twelve (12). (1976 Code, § 5-6; 0rd. 71-95, whether the prospective purchaser was over the § 2, 11-20-1995) legal age, the licensee or permittee is not guilty of selling alcoholic liquor, wine or beer to a person under legal age. Sec. 5-7. Persons Under Age Twenty One: (b) A person violating this Section or reason- (a) A person or persons under legal age shall ably believed to be violating this Section may be not purchase or attempt to purchase, or individ- detained in a reasonable manner and for a rea- ually or jointly have alcoholic liquor, wine or sonable length of time by a police officer, owner, beer in their possession or control; except in the operator or an employee of a public establish ..... 1. I.C.A. § 123.51. Supp. No. 36 261 § 5-7.1 DUBUQUE CODE ment or private club where alcohol liquor, wine (b) The prohibition of subsection (a) above or beer is sold or dispensed for off-premises or shall not apply: on-premises consumption for the purpose of investigating or determining the person's true (1) To an underage person who is an employ- age and identity. Such detention shall not ten- ee of the licensee or permittee, or per- der the detainer criminally or civilly liable for forming a contracted service for the li- false arrest, false imprisonment or unlawful censee or permittee on the premises; detention. (2) To an underage person who is accompa- (c) The manager of any public establishment " nied on the premises at all times by a that sells alcoholic liquor, wine or beer for on- parent, guardian or spouse who is not premises or off-premises consumption and the under the age for lawful purchase and/or manager of any private club that serves alcohol- possession of alcoholic beverages; ic liquor, wine or beer for on-premises consump- tion shall be required to post in a conspicuous (3) To an underage person on the premises place a notice stating: during a period of time when the licensee or permittee, in accordance with a writ- NOTICE TO PERSONS UNDER 21 YEARS ten plan given to and approved by the OF AGE Chief of Police, has suspended dispensing alcoholic liquor, wine or beer on the You are subject to a maximum $100.00 licensed or permitted premises or in a fine for a first offense for attempting to pur- clearly delineated area of the licensed or chase or otherwise obtain alcoholic liquor, permitted premises. During such period wine or beer or for misrepresenting your age of time, the licensee or permittee shall for the purpose of purchasing alcoholic liquor, not permit any underage person to pur- wine or beer. chase or possess alcoholic liquor, beer or wine on the premises. Police officers The size of said notice shall be not less than shall be admitted to the premises at any eight and one-half inches by eleven inches (8I/z" time to monitor compliance with all ap- x 11"). (Ord. 1-90, § 1, 1-3-1990; Ord. 4-90, § 1, plicable laws. 1-15-1990; Ord. 68-97, § 5, 11-17-1997) (c) No licensee or permittee, or a licensee's or permittee's agent or employee shall allow any Sec. 5-7.2. Underage Persons Prohibited person under the age for lawful purchase and/or From Premises Where Alcoholic possession of alcoholic beverages to enter or Liquor Is Sold Or Dispensed: remain upon the premises between the hour of nine o'clock (9:00) P.M. and closing where the (a) It shall be unlawful for any person under business conducted includes the sale and dis- the age for lawful purchase and/or possession of pensing of alcoholic liquor, wine or beer, except alcoholic beverages to enter any premises be- as permitted in subsections (a) and (b) of this tween the hours of nine o'clock (9:00) P.M. and Section. The licensee or permittee of any busi- closing where more than thirty five percent ness that sells alcoholic liquor, wine or beer for (35%) of the business conducted on such premis- on-premises consumption shall be required to es is the sale or dispensing of liquor, wine or post in a conspicuous place a notice stating: beer except as set forth in subsection (b) of this Section. The phrase "business conducted on Notice to Persons Under the Age for Lawful such premises" shall be defined as the total Purchase and/or Possession of Alcoholic Bey- business revenue generated on such premises erages: during the previous calendar year. You are subject to a maximum fine of "-.' $100.00 for being on these premises between .~.~,Supp. No. 36 262 ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES § ~-24 the hours of 9:00 p.m. and closing unless you Secs. 5-20, 5-21. Reserved: are employed by the owner or are accompanied by a parent, guardian or spouse who is not under the age of lawful purchase and/or pos- See. 5-22. Separate Beer Permits And Wine session of alcoholic beverages. Permits Required For Separate Locations: (Ord. 71-91, § 1, 9-16-1991; Ord. 77-91, § 1, 10-7-1991; Ord. 63-92, §§ 1, 2, 8-3-1992; Ord. (a) Each person holding a Class B or Class C 17-93, § 1, 4-5-1993) beer permit having more than one place of busi- n6ss where such beer is sold shah be required to have a separate beer permit for each sepa- Sec. 5-8. Notice Of Violation Upon Issu- rate place of business, except as otherwise pro- ante Of Citation: hibited by State law. The Chief of Police, or the Chief of Police's (b) A Class B wine permittee having more designee, shall provide written notice to a beer than one place of business where wine is sold permit, wine permit or liquor license holder shall obtain a separate permit for each place of upon issuance of summons or citation to any business. (1976 Code, § 5-22) employee or agent for a violation of Section 5-3 or Section 5-7 of this Article, or the provisions of section 123.47 or 123.49 of the Code of Iowa. Sec. 5-23. Application; Bond: Such notice of violation shall be directed to the permit or license holder as recorded in the office A verified application for the original issu- of the City Clerk, and shall be by certified Unit- ance or the renewal of a liquor control license, ed States mail, return receipt requested. wine permit or beer permit shall be filed at such time, in such number of copies and in such When the holder of the permit or license has form as the State Director of Beer and Liquor been issued a citation or summons coincidental Control shall prescribe, on forms prescribed by to the same action of the police, the above pro- the State Director of Beer and Liquor Control. vision of notice shall not be required. (1976 The application shall be accompanied by the Code, § 5-8) fee, if required, and bond and shall be filed with the City Council for approval or disapproval. (1976 Code, § 5-23) Secs. 5-9-5-18. Reserved: Sec. 5-24. Persons Eligible: ARTICLE II. LIQUOR CONTROL LICENS- ES, WINE PERMITS AND BEER PERMITS Upon meeting the requirements imposed by State law, the provisions of this Code and other ordinances of the City, a person who is of good Sec. 5-19. Required: moral character may apply for a liquor control license, wine permit, or beer permit. In the case No person shall sell beer or wine at retail in of a club, corporation or partnership, the offi- the City, nor shall any person sell beer, wine or cers of the club or corporation and the partners alcoholic liquor in the City for consumption on of a partnership shall be persons of good moral the premises, without first obtaining a beer character as defined by State law and this permit, wine permit or a liquor control license Chapter. (1976 Code, § 5-24) as required by State law and subject to the provisions of this Article. (1976 Code, § 5-19) .S.upp. No: '36 263 Information obtained from Ames Chief of Police Dennis Ballantme in an interview with Stepping Up Executive Committee Member Jim Clayton. Mr. Clayton also spoke to an Ames bar owner as well as the Ames City Attorney. Discussion with Chief Dennis Ballantine: Ames does not allow those under the minimum legal drinking age to enter bars. Prior to enacdng this ordinance, those aged 18 and over were allowed access. Mr. Clayton discussed the effect of changing access regulations on the Ames community and obtained the following information: In the early 90's, Iowa State students approached the Ames City Council requesting 18 year old access to bars. Ames agreed to try this for a specified time frame of nine months, after which the ordinance would be reviewed. Within the nine months, there were over 1000 arrests of underage students consuming alcohol in bars. At the end of the rune months, the 21 only ordinance was passed. Chief Ballantine stated that there was no noticeable increase in house parries following enactment of the restricted access ordinance. On weekdays and weekends with no sporting event or other large activity, their Nuisance Party Ordinance works well as the primary enforcement tool. On busy weekends, the bars are not as popular as house parries, but again the Party Ordinance as well as an involved Landlord cooperative helps with enforcement and control. The Landlords are involved in that a party complaint citation generates a letter from police to the property owner/landlord. The property owner is advised of the nuisance party and warned that if it happens again, the owner may be liable for damages per the way the ordinance is written and enforced. Chief Ballantme states that half of all police work in Ames is alcohol related. Food percentage deftration is limited to food requiring kitchen preparation. Snacks, soft drinks, prepackaged convenience foods, cigarettes etc. is not counted as foodstuffs. The cover charge is not part of the food figure. Law enforcement has some discretion about what defines a restaurant. Establishments are provided with a list of specifics to which they must adhere in order to allow minors in until an identified time, such as 8:00 or 9:00 p.m. Greek organizations and high schools may rent the bars once per year for a non*profit event. In order to host these events, bars must remove all alcohol and alcohol advertising from the premises. Chief Ballantme's words of advice on any alcohol ordinance regarding restaurant defmi6on were to "keep it simple." He states that students and bar owners in favor of under-age access offer the arguments that there is nothing else to do and it is better for under-age students to drink in the "controlled bar environment" rather then elsewhere. He reports that after the ordinance passed, three non-alcoholic venues offering the same bands playing in bars opened. These three businesses failed. Discussion with bar/restaurant owner Tom Northrup: Mr. Northup is the owner of the Pizza Pit, a bar and restaurant in Ames. Speaking as a business owner, he expressed that it is certainly possible to run a business professionally and responsibly. He reports that no established businesses failed once the over 21 ordinance passed. He estimates as many as six new business geared to 18-20 year olds opened and failed following passage of the ordinance. Mr. Northup stated a great benefit of the ordinance is more mature patrons. He states that his customers have a better time, stay longer and come back more often because they don't have to deal with under-age drinkers. He feels that the police could have caught much more then 1000 underage drinkers during the nine month period when those under 21 were admitted. He states "there is no way to stop underage consumption in bars if you don't stop them at the front door." He also expressed that when students go to a bar with a lot of under-age drinkers, they learn that the only way to have fun is to drink. Discussion with Ames City Attorney John Klaus: Mr. Klaus stated that in regard to drafting ordinances, the key factor is to "keep it simple." He is unaware of any statistical data regarding effects of the ordinance. He denies that a lot of big house party problems have arisen, although opponents of the 21 and over ordinance continue to state this is a problem. He reports that theix "good party ordinance" keeps things under control. He states that they never had a problem with theix definitions of bar vs restaurant. Basically, restaurants have tables and chairs, not stools and a big bar. Tables are large enough to accommodate place settings and there is a kitchen. Ames counts only food in food sales percentage whereas Cedar Falls counts snacks, and prepackaged foods in food receipts. Mr. Klaus expressed that counting snacks etc as part of food sales is "not the way to do it." He related that a few places have exceptions from the City Council and Law Enforcement allowing them to operate lunch and dinner to a certain hour xvith minors in attendance. Tom Northup: 515-232-3584 John Icdaus: 515-239-5146 Judie Hoffman, Vice Mayor 515-292-2660 (also served several terms as council member) Mayor Ted Tedesco, 515-232-7060 I'IHK'U,~-~:UUV I~KI U~;q/Ml'l IM Lr'-MlaUI'. ur vlll~o rnn nv, utv c~ ~ec. 17.1~. ABANDONED O~ UHA~ENDED REERIGERA'I'ORS. Any ~n who ~ns or ~b~v;~e lcavss u~attcnded any rcf~ge~Wr, ice box. or similar container, wi~h doors t~t may ~comc lockcd. ou~idc o~buildin~s and accessible to ch~dr~n, or any pc~o~ who allows any such ~frigc~tor. ice box. or similar contain:r, to ~main outside of buildings on p~misos in the Ftson's p~s~on or control, abandoned or unattended and so accessible to children, ~mmits a mtmicipal infraction p~ishable by a pcs~al~ of $~ for a ~rson's fir.~t violati~ and $1~ for each ~at violation. [State Law Rcf lo~'a Code $c'c. ~2 7.3 ] (Ord. No. ~497, $ec. 21, 8-2~-~8) Sec. 17.13. FAI,SE FIRE ALARMS. (I) Any pc~n who in ~ ~nncr, willfully gives or ~uscs a false alum whc~y the tim dcpadmcnt or pogicc d~sn~t is cal!~ 0~ ~ ~nd c~it~ a municipal ~fm~i~ punisha~l= b~ a penalty of $50 for a ~rson's viol~tion and $1 ~ for each ~peat violation. (2) Du~ to ~c f~Cy oralare L~sociat~ with au~matic in~sion ala~ s~tcms ofvadous kin&s Iho Ci~ Council may from thnc to time establish by ~solution ~ schcd,led fcc to mcov~ the c~t of~sponding to such alam~s. (Ord. No. 812, S¢c. 81.' Code 19~6, ,~ec. 76-81: Ord. No. 2978. 6-2J~) [gtate Law Rtf lo~'a Co~¢ Sec. 718.6] No. 3497, gets. 22, 8-2~-~8) See. 17.14. INTERFERING WITH GRADE STAKES, OTHER MONUMENt. (t) ft is tmlaw~! for any ~5~ ~ ~ov¢, bt~ak, cart~ away, &maRe, destroy or imcrrere ~h. in any manner. any ~dc s~ake. swag or otk~ mack~ ~ mnu~nt within Ihe ci~, ~t by tho city, fc&r, xl, state authorities or duly r~istc~d l~d su~cy~ to designate grade, confers, !in~ or bench mar~, or to dofacc, rg~ovc any letters, figures or ~s thc~on. (2) Violation of this section shall b~ a municipal infraction p~lnishablc by a F~alty of 550 for a ~rson's first violation and $1 ~ for each rgp~= violation. (3) Altcrnatlvcly, a riotalton of this section can ~ charged by a pcaco o~:cr of ~hc City as a simple misdemeanor punishable by a find not to cxc~d $ I~ or by imprisonment not to oxc~d this~ days. (Ord. No. 8 l 2, .~c. 73: C~c' ] 936. ~. 7~ ~3; Orc/. ~o. 300.~, ~cc. 22, 2-23-~8) [State La~' Rt~ l<>~'a Cede .~ec. 33 ~. ! 4] (0~'~. No. 3497, ~¢c. 23, 8-2~-98) See. 17.15, INTERFERING WITH llYD~NTS. ( 1 } rt is ~ta~t for ~y ~, ~lcss properly au~hofizc~, other thatx an cmployco ofthc cily, or a mcm~r of the l~m &pa~ent in tho ~+om~ance of their du~, Io takes off or unsc~' the cap from ~y water hy&'ant in Ihc streets or avenues of the city, or interfere or m~dle wiffi such hydrant in any mann~. (2) Violat;on of this section shall bca n~unicipal infraction punishable by a penal~ of 550 for a pcrson's first ~olation anc~ $1~ for c~ch ~l~at violation. (3) Alternatively. a ~olatlon of ~is scctlon ~ ~ cha~cd by a ~ace officer of the City as a simple mi~dcmcanor punish~ble by a I~n~ not to ~xcccd $1(~ or b~ h~13fisonmcnt not to excc~ thix~ (Ot.a. No. 8t2, Sec. 83,' Code I~56, Sec. 76-83; Ord. ArO. 3003, S~c. 23. 2-23-88.' O,'d. ,%'o. 3497, $ec. ~4. 8-25-98) Sec. 17.16. MINORS PROIIIBITED ON CERTAIN I'REMISES. (I) It shall bc unlawfut f~r th~ holder of a liccDse or perunit issued pux~uant to the 'Iowa Alcoholic Beverage Control Ace t~r premises where mol~ than ~ potent (50%) of the business conducted is the sale or dis~nsing of alcoholic ~cvemgcs for consumption on the p~mi~s, and for any pe~on employed ~'ith r~s~ct to ~uch prcmlscs to kn~'iv~gly p~it or' fail to rake r~a~nablc mc;~cs to ~vcnt the Co~ onto such p~mi~cs ofa~y and all I~ons ~'ho have not yet at~in~thc age of~'cn~nc. It sl~ll bc t~ ~ ofthc liccnscc and of lhc pc~on o~' pc~ons managing such p~mis- cs to ca~ to be posted ~d maintained at all tim~s ~ ~il)' readable riolice in the English tanRung= staring that ~rsons less than 21 years ofagc am prohlbitcd ~om entcringthe prcmi~s. (Oral. No. 3116, 2-5-91: Ot'd. ,Vo. 3119, 2-16-91) (2) However, thc provisions ofsubscctlon (I) above shall not apply (a) The undcrage pc~n iS an croprOyce ofthe licc~c holder, et pcffo~ing a ~nttactcd ~icc wilh r:~pcct to said prGmi~s. and is on th~ poeraises dus'ing thclr scheduled work hours. (b) Thc underuSe pe~n is a~cot~panied by a p~nt. gua~iat~ or spou~c who ig of legal age for the purchase of alcoholic bcv:~gcs. Sup #13f199.S Cod~. 17-4 Rev. 10-1 -OR rI/-IK-U.t-r'UUU rKl Uel;ql ttl'l IH LLItUUr- ur ulllr_~ rrlA llu. ;~[;) cq~ u~u ,. uj (c) Thct, nde. rag~; I~rson is on the premises during a time thac the liccnscc has, in accordance with a ~,.til~cn notice and plan given in advance to thc Chief of Police, suspendcd di.~pcnsing alcoholic bovc, mSc~ on the pr, xn;.~c.~ or o~ a clcarly tic|incited p~rl of the licensed premises operaled. under a differentiating trade name. I{ shall bc the ,trict t, tdty or a liccnsee pcrmitting such undcr, lge pcrsons onto the hccn.~xi pr~;miscs pursuant to .~uch = I~tau, and of all persons cmployc~t with respect to said pp~-mi~s, to prcvcn[ m~dcraB~. pcr,~ons from consuming or posscssing alcoholic bcvcmBcs on said prumi.%cs. Policc officers shall 5c admittcd to the prcmi~s at any time to monitor cornpllancc with appl~c'able !~ws, Failur~ in that du~J whcd~er kBowingly or officrwise, shall bc punisl~ablc as a violation ofthis section. (d) The underage person is on thc premises as a p,,dici[~am in a .~pccla| event for · non-profit organlza- dot~, or in a kmquet or c¢~monial dinner for a~y ollaniz'atlon, in ,,ccorctancc with a plan approved in advance by the chief or l,olicc. It shall be thc stric~ duty of a !iccn~c pcrmiuing inch undcr~gc persons onto thc liccnscd prcm[scs, and orall pcrsOn.~ cmploycd with respect to said prcrn{scs, to prevent underside persons from consuminB or possessing alcoholic beverages on sa~d prcmi~cs. (e) The underage person is on ~c p~miscs d~tdng specified posted hours that ~c liccnsce does its business primarily in [oo~ sales, in accorda~tcc with a phm approwd in advance by !he Chicr of Police. To rcculvc plaa approval, a liccnscc shall bc required to demonstrate that fi~crc is a clearly definable pattcm oFdaytlm,' hours during which morn than 50% or the buslncss' sales ar~ Food. IL shall. bc the strict duty or the licrasee, and of all persons cmplo~d wi th r~pcct to said prom{sos, to remove all undora~c persons from the premises borer= tho start o/tustdctcd admission houz~ each d.ay, and it shall, be the strict duty of'the llcensco p~rmitfing undorage pcrsons onto the premises. End Of all persons employed with rear, cot to said premi.~cs. to prevent undcr,,g¢ persons from consumin~ or possessin8 alcoholic bow;rages on said pr~mlscs. Failure in th~..~ duti~..s, whether knowingly or otherwise, shall b~; punishable a.~ a violation ofthiM .,.cctlon. (Ord. No. 3121, .,cec. !, .~-5-~I; Ord. No. 31~,t, $cc. I. 12-17-~]; Ord. lye. ~214. Sac. I. 1-26-9]; Ord. N~. .~269, Sac. l, O) ~Esha~b~un~awru~f~ranypers~wh~hasn~tyc~:attaincdthc6~cf~rtaw~u~Pu~:hascandp~sscssiono~ alc~M~olic beverages to go onto such pr~miscs as are dcscr~bcd in subsection (1) except a.s is providcd for by subsection (2). (4) Vie]allen of the provisions ofsubsecfions 17.16(1) through 17.1.6(3) pertaining to underage pcrson.~ on liccn.~cd pnm~iscs shall bc ~ municipal infraction punishable by a penalty orS100 for a pcrson's first ,~iolation and $200 for each repeat violation. Alternatively, violation of those stated subsections ¢an be charged by a pcacc offlccr of the Chy as a simple misdemeanor punishab[c by a fine not to exccccI ~!00 or impH.~onmcnt no{ ~o cxcccd {hizly days, (Ord. No. ],I~7, .~c. 25, 8-2.~-P8; Ord. No. 3300, See. i. !0-13-P8) L,-- (5) Minors Pt'ohtitcd on Pr,.'mlses at nude Pcrformanccs. Persons under the ar>c of 1 ~ ycan shall not allend any live cnlt;rtainmcnt or tx'rf'otmancc pmsentcd rot commercial purposes, that cotulsts in whole or in part of persons cxposh~g human teclljtalia, h~man butterits. or the human finale brc~t nipplc. No pcr~on shall participa~c in pr~scz~tlng such cntcr~inrncnt to a person under the agc or i R. A violation ofthis subsection shall bca municipal i,fraction punishable by a pcnahy of ~; i00 for a pcrson's first violation rhcrco.r and S200 for cach repeat violation. Altcmatlvcly, vie]alien of this sub.~-cfiou can be charg~ by .'. peace o~ccr of the City ~s s simple m/sdcmcaoor pun i sl~-~blc by a fine not ~o c.,tcced $100 or by imprisonment not to exceed thirty d;tys. (Ord. No. 2700, Sac. 2, i-]6-7~; O~'d. NO. 3003, $ec. 2~, 2-23-83.' Ord. Ao. 303~, .~c'¢. I, ]-24-8~: Or~. ,'qo. ]0]9, S,~c. I, 2-17-~9; Ord. No. 3046, $~c. I, 5-9-89; O/'d. No. 30~2. S,'c. 1. ~-27-89,' Ord. No..~r)68. $~c. ! & 2, I-9-90.' (h.d. A:o. 328P, .S'ec. i, 8-23-~4: Ord. 1~. .~,i~7. Sac. 26, 8-25-98) See. 17.17, CONSLtMPTION IN PUBLIC PI,ACE5. h is unlawful for any p~rson to u.~ or consume alcoholic beverages, wine or beer upon the. public streets or h ighways of the City of Ames. or consume any alcoholic bcvc'rsge in ~ny public place, except: ( I ) PrcTnis~ covercd by a valid liquor control license; or Sup # 13/i 995 Code ] 7-5 R cv. 10- i -9 g M~W-U3-2UUU h~l UU:4~ AM IA L~AUU~ Vh Vlll~ rHA My. olo dqq u/4v m. u4 (1) ifthc public place is Brookside, F. mma McCarthy Lcc, Inis Grove, North and South River Valie. y or Moore Mcmorial Parks, wine iu~d bccr may bc constimed i fit is in or dispcn..~xl from bolllos or singlc serving can.4, but not cartons or kcgs. Kcg beer may bc au|horizcd only by the Parks and Recr:a:ion Commission based on such criteria as they shall addle (3) Violation of this sectlea sltall be a municipal ix~fraclion punishable by a pcnal~ of $ 100 for a pcrson's first violation the~zofand $200 for each ~'rcat violation. Alternatively, violation of this section can b¢ cleargod by a pcac,' officer of the (:iIy aS S simple misdemeanor punishable by a fine, not m ucccd $ tO0 or by imprisonment no~ to exceed thir,,y (Ord. No. 2700, $ec. 2, 1-16-79; Ord. No. 3003, Sec. _)~, 2-23-/~8;0rd. 3459, Sec. 1, 9-9-97: Ord. No. 3497, ,~ec. 27, 8-25- 9,9: Ord. !v'o. 3500, Sec. 2, 10-1~-98) Sec. 17.18. BEER AND LIQUOR SALES BY AND TO YOIJNG PERSONS. { I ) It sl~all bc d~c duty ofl~chot~s who sell beer and alct~holic bevcrm&es, and ot~ thcir employees, to dcn~and and cxamin~ satisfactoqr evid~cc of the purehascr's ago if that persdn appcaxs ~o bc under the legal age. for such purchase, be.fore selling, giving or othcrwise providlnt~ Ix:of or alcoholic beverages to such person. (2) Persops under the legal ago for purcha-~c of boer or alcoholic bcvernges shall no~ purchase: or attempt to purchase. bccr of alcoholic beverages, exccpt when a~ling with the knowledge. and authorization of Ihe Ames Police Department in the course era law enforcement inv~."stigation. (3) It shall 10c unlawful fur ~y p~.-rson to; (a) manufacture, make, possess, sd.l, give, or distribute any false or altcn:d document to misst:~tc a pefson's age to ind~catc that such person is old cnoup:h to lawfully purchase alcoholic bow:rages when they have not attained that age. (b) rnanuf~clure, make, possess, sell, give, or di.~ri~te any document to misrul:resent the identity oF person ms sooncone old cno~tgh to lawfully purchas~ alcoholic hcvcrages whoa such person has not yot attained that age. (O~'d. NO. J038, Sec. I. 2-14.89) (4) Any person violating this section stu, dl be guilty era simple mls&mcsnor. (O#'d. No. 2746, S¢c. I, 2-26-80,' Ord. No. 2919, S~'c. !, 2-26-85; Ord. No. 3003, Sec. 26. 2-23-88) Sec. 17.18,1 INDIRECT SALE OF ALCO!-!OLIC BE, VEI:b~.GES. The selling of any goods or servic,:s, or the charging off an admission fee as a condition to parisking in a supply of b~er, wine or other alcoholic beverages is prohibited unless done with respect to p~miscs licensed by the Alcoholic B~:vcra?~cs DivBsion of the !own D~.-partmcnt of Commerce. A Violaiion ofthls .~cction shall be a municipal infraction punishable by a penalty of $50 for a pcrson'a first ,,-iolation thereof and $100 for each repeat violation. Alternatively. violation of this section can be charg~'i b~t a pcacc office of the Cit}' as a simplc misde,~eanot punishable by a fine not Io exceed $100 uf by imprisoning:at not to exceed thirty d~ys- (err/. No. 3037, Sc, c. 1. 2.14-89: Ord. No. 3497, Sc, c. 28, 8-25-91c~) Sec. 17.19. INTOXICATION IN A PUBLIC PLACE, No person shall bc intoxicatcr. d or simulate intoxication in a public place. Violation of this ~x;tion i.s a slmph: misdcmc~xnor punishable by a fine net to c.x, cecd ~ 100 or by impri,,onmcnt not to cxcecci thirty d.'.tys. (Ord. No. 812. ,~c. 3,S; Code 1956, Sec. 76-38; O~'d. No. 2392, Sections I, 2, 2-1:~~72; Ot-~l. hro. 3497, Sec. 29, 8-25-9,c1: Ord. No. 3300, Sec. ~, 10-1J-98)/'State Law Re/. Iowa Code Sec. 123.477 Sup//1311995 Codc 17-6 Roy. 10-1-98 ,.~/0 UX C/~/ ALCOI IOLIC I!!~:V!.:,RAGI~ CONTROl, 4. I Z~.050. Investigation of Applicant. Upon receipt of an original application for a liquor license, wine permit or beer permit by the City Clerk, it shall be forwarded to the Chief of Police, who shall conduct an investigation and submit a written report on tile applicant as to the truth of the facts averted in the appli- cation and a recommendation to the City Council as to the approval of the license or permit. It shall be the duty of the Inspection Services Department and the Fire Department to inspect the premises to determine if they conform to the requirements of tile City, and no license or permit shall be approved until or unless an approving report has been filed with tile City Council by such officers. (Ord. 94/U-2392, 921U-274) 4.1'23.060. Applications for Renewal. Upon receipt of an application for the renewal of a liquor license, wine permit or beer permit, it shah be forwarded to the Chief of Police, who will conduct an investigation and shall submit a written report on the applicant as to the truth of the facts averred in tile application and a recommendation to the City Council as to the approval of the license or permit. It shall be the duty of the Inspection Services Department and the Fire Department to inspect the premises to determine if they conform to the requirements of the City, and no license .or permit shall be approved until or unless an ap- proving report has been fded with the City Council by such officers. (Ord. 941U-2392, 92/U-274) 4.123.070. Liquor Fee~, Sunday Sal~. Section 123.36 of the Code of Iowa is hereby adopted by reference. (Ord. 921U-274) 4.123.080. Nature of Permit or License - Surrender - Transfer. Section 123.38 of the Code of Iowa is hereby adopted by reference. (Ord. 92/U-274) 4.123.090. Suspension or Revocation of License or Permit. Section 123.39 (i) - (6) of the Code of Iowa is hereby adopted by reference. (Ord. 92/U-274) 4.123.100. Persons Under Legal Age. 1. Section 123.47 of the Code of Iowa is hereby adopted by reference. (Ord. 92/U-274) 2. No person under legal age shall purchase or attempt to purchase alcoholic beverages, wine or beer from any licensee or permittee or other person. This prohibition does not apply to persons assisting in investi- gations conducted by the Police Department. No person under legal age shah misrepresent the person's age for the purpose of purchasing or attempth~g to purchase any alcoholic beverage, wine, or beer from any licen- see or permittee. If any person under legal age ~nisrepresents the persoWs age, and a licensee or permittee establishes that the [icensee or permittee made reasonable inquiry to dctennine whether the prospective pur- chaser was over legal age, the licensee or permittee is not guilty of selling alcoholic liquor, wine or beer to minors. (Ord. 92/U-274) 4.123.110. I~ersons Ages 19 and 20 - Penalty. Section 123.47 A of the (2ode of Iowa is hereby adopted by ref- erence. (Ord. 92/U-274) 4.123.120. Prohibition- Minors. 1. It is unlawful for a person under age eighteen to enter or be in any place of business where the sell- ing of alcoholic beverages in addition to cover charges conititutes more than fifty (50) percent of the gross business transacted therein, unless said person is accompanied by a pasent, lawful guardian or spouse over the age of twenty-one years, or unless the person is employed therein as an entertainer (and tlien only when performing actual services for a lawful salary) and has obtained a written permit signed by a parent or law- ful guardian or spouse of that person and the Chief of Police to be on the pre~nises as an entertainer. An affirmative defense to this prohibition shall be that the licensed or permitted business' sales of alcoholic beverages in addition to any cover charges consists of less than fifty (50) percent of the business' gross sales. The defendant shall have the burden to prove ttfis affirmative defense. 2. It is unlawful for a person eighteen, nineteen or twenty years of age to enter or be in any place of business where the selling of alcoholic beverages in addition to cover charges constitutes ~nore than fifty (50) percent of the gross business transacted therein, unless said person is accompanied by a parent, lawful guardian or spouse over the age of twenty-one years, or unless that person is employed therein and then only when performing actual services for a lawful ~lary. An affirtnative defense to this prohibition shall be that the licensed or permitted business' sales of alcoholic beverages in addition to any cover charges consists of less than fifty (50) percent of the business' gross ,sales. 'Fhe defendant shall have the burden to prove this affirmative defense. 4,123 - 2 (01/01/95) ALCOIIOI.,IC BEVERAGE CONTROL 3. It shall bc unlawful for a person holding a beer, wine or liquor license allowing on-prcmi~ consump- tion, or the person's agents or employees, to permit a person prohibited from entering tile premises under paragraphs (I) and (2) of this section to be on the premises. An affirmative defense to this prohibition shall be that the licensed or permitted business' sales of alcoholic beverages in addition to any cover charges consists of less than fifty (50) percent of the business' gross sales. The defendant shall have the burden to prove this affirmative defense. (Ord. 94/U-2525, 92/U-274) 4.123.130. Prohibition - Pal~nt or Guardian. It is unlawful for the parent or guardian of any person under age eighteen to knowingly allow said person to enter or remain in any place of business where the sale of beer, wine or liquor constitutes more than fifty (50) percent of the gross business transacted therein, un- less said person is accompanied by a parent, guardian or spouse over the legal age, or unless said person is employed therein as an entertainer and has obtained a written permit figned by the parent or guardian of said person and the CIder of I'olice to be on the premises as such. (Ord. 92/U-274) 4.123.140. Tec-n Night. 1. Definitions. As used in this section the following terms shall be defined as follows: a. 'Teen night' means a Sunday when admission to licensed premises is restricted to persons at least sixteen ycars of age but less than ~wenty-one years of age.' b. 'Older teen night' means a Sunday when admission to licensed premises is restricted to persons eighteen years of age or older. c. 'License holder' means a person or entity holding a liquor control license issued by the State of Iowa for premises where the selling of beer, wine or liquor constitutes more than fifty percent of the gross business transacted therein. d. 'Licensed premises' means all that part of a building where beer, wine or alcoholic beverages may be lawfully sold and consumed under a license issued by the State of Iowa. 2. A license holder who desires to conduct a teen niglit on licensed premises must comply with all of the following regulations: a. Obtain a permit from the city clerk. The city clerk may require an inspection of the licensed prem- ises to determine the ability of the applicant to comply with all of tile regulations herein. b. Limit attendance to persons at least sixteen years of age but less than twenty-one years of age. c. Limit attendance to persons possessing a identification card bearing their photo and {late of bi~'th issued by the state of their residency. d. Prohibit attenda~ce to any person who has recently consumed alcoholic beverages or appcm-s to be under the influence of alcohol or drugs. e. Proldbit patrons from re-entering the licensed premjses aftcr leaving. f. Stamp all patrons leaving the licensed premises before closing tinge with indelible ink. g. End all teen night activities at 11:00 P.M. local time. h. Do not offer for sale or distribution tobacco products, nonalcoholic beer, and specialty nonalcohol- ic drinks. i. Conceal all gambling devices on the licensed premiscs accessible to teen night patrons so they tnay not be played. j. Prohibit all smoking. or provide a designated nonsmoking area. k. The licensed premises must have an occupancy rating of at least 100 patrons. I. The licensed premises must not be licensed for Sunday sales. m. All beer, wine, and liquor must be placed under lock and not be visible to any patron. n. All lighted signs advertising beer, wine and liquor must be turned off. 3. A license holder who desires to conduct an older teen night on licensed premises must cc~mply with all of the following regulations: a. Obtain a permit from the city clerk. The city clerk may require an inspection of the licensed prem- ises to determine the ability of the applicant to comply with all of the regulations herein. b. Limit attendance to persons at least eighteen years of age. c. Limit attendance to persons possessing a identification card bearing their photo and {!ate of bil~h issued by the state of their residency. d. Prohibit attendance to any person who has recently constuned alcoholic beverages or appears to be under the influence of alcohol or drugs. e. Prohibit patrons from re-entering the licensed pre~niscs after leavi,lg. f. StaJnp all patrons leaving the licensed premises before closing with indelible ink. g. The licensed premises must have an occupancy rating of at least 100 patrons. 4.123 - 3 (01/01/95) MFiR-JJ3-ZUUU F!{I U~J:4B AM I~ LI"-AUUk UP Ulllh~ 1'1~ ilu, b]o ,'4q u~4u r. us FEB-P3-2000 ~D 11',42 ~l~ ~Jt'I'Y Uh ullullHR rrm ~v. u,v wv,w,,, ORDINANCE NO-'..~-eZ.1 . _ ' AN ' ' OF THE CITY OF AS S~-T FORT~ IIEJ~EAFTF~, PKOII]DITINg MINORS ON CEI{TAIN PREMISES. ~ IT O~DAINED BY Tile C~TY COUNCIL OF TI-[E CItY OF OTTUMWA, IOWA: SeCtiOn 1. Tl~e Code of Ordinances (Municipal Co~e) of the Ci~ of O~tumwa, Iowa is hereby amended by adding Section 25-581 Section ~5-58 Minors Prohibited On Certain Premises (a) It sha~l be unlawful for the holuer of a license or permit issued pursuant to the Iowa Alcoholic Beverage Control Au~ for prem~.~es where more than 59 percent o~ the business conducted is the sale or dispensing of a!coholic beverages for consum~tion on the premises, and for any person employed respec~ ~o suGh premises to knowingly permi~ or ~ail to re~manabl~ measures to preven~ the entry onto such premise~ of any and all perzone who have not ye~ attained tile age of twenty-one. "BUSinesS conducted" ~ defined as ~he licen~ee'~ gross roles ~rom the sale of goods and services, but shall not in$lud~ co~er chargeS, entertainment fees, or coin operated amusement machines. It shall be the duty or the licenses and of ~he pe]~son or parsonE managing such premlses to cause ~o be poste~ and maintained at all times an easily readable notico in the English language disp~ayed in a prominent plaee s tatin~ that persons less than twenty-one years of age are . proh].bited from ez~terinU the premisos. A licenses tha~ conducts more than 50 percent of its' gross sales in goods and services other than alcoholic beverages, .' cover charges, entertainment fces~ and coin Operated amusement . machines shall obtain a letter of exem~tion from the Chief of Police prior to allowing person~ under twenty-one years of age on ~he premises. A letter of exemption shall be obtained by submitting to the Chle~ of Police a verified statement from an accountant Which ~tabllshes 'that more than 50 percent of ~he licensee's gross sales are from goods and services other than alcoholic beverages, ~over charade, entertainment and coin operahad amusement m~chine~. The le~er of exemption Mhall be effective during the duration of the license o~ permit, and a current statemen~ from an accountant shall be submitted each t~me the l~cense or permit is renewed. .. (b) It shall be unlawful for ahy person under the age Of twenty- one years to be on the premises described ~n subsaction llowever, ~he 9rov:Ls~ans oE subsect.tOns (a) an~ (b) above not apply when: 1. ~he undo~ge person i~ ~n employee of the l~cense ho~der, Or per~orming a contracted s~rvice with r~spect to s~id premises a~d is on the premises during their scheduled work hours. 2. The underage person is accompanied by a parent, legal guardian, or Spouse who iS of legal age for the purchase of alcoholic beverages. 3. The sitdotage person is on the premises during a time that the lice~sQe has, in accordance with n written nptJ. ce and plan given to and approved by the Chief of Police, suspended dispensing alcoholic beverages on the licensed premises or on ~ clearly ~elineated part or the licensed premises operating under a differentiating trade name. It ~hall be the duty of the licenses permi~ting such underage persons onto the licensed premises pursuant to such a plan, and of all persons employed with respect to said preml5c3t to prevent underage persong from consuming or possessing alcoholic beverages on the premises. Poli~e o£ficers and their deSignsos shall be admitted to the premises at any time to inspect for compliance with all applicable laws, failure in that duty by the licensee 8hali be punishable as a violation of this section. 4. The underage person is on the premises as a participant in a special event for a non-profit organization, or in a banque~ or ceremonial dinner for any organization, in accordance with a plan approved In advance by the Chief of Police. I~ shall be the duty of a licenses permitting such underage persons onto the licensed premises~ and all persons employed with respect tO said premtSes~ to preven~ underage persons from consuming or pussessing aloebuilt beverages on ~aid premises 5. The underage person. is on tile premises during specified fasted hours ~hat the licenses does its business primarily in food 'sales, in accordance with a plan approved in a~vance by the Chief of Police. To receive p].an approval, a licenses shall be required to demonstrate tha~ there is a clearly definable pattern of hours during which more than fifty percent of the business sales are food. It shall De the strict duty of the licensee, and of all persons employed With respect to said premises, ~o remove all underage persons from the premises before the start of restricted admission hours each day, a~d it shall be the duty of the licenses permi~fng udderage persons onto th~ premises, and of all persons employed with respect to said premises, to prevent underage ~ersons from consuming or possessing HRR-03-2000 FRI 08:50 AH IA LEAGUE OF OI'I'IES bRX NU. bib 244 UI4U r. ul [EB-2~-2000 WED ll:qZ u~coholic bevezage~ on said premises. ~atlUre An these duties shall be punishable as a violation of this seation. Section 2. All Ordinances or parts O~ Ordinances or ~rovisions in the Code o£ Ordin~n~eo (Municipal Code) o~ the City of 0~tumwa, Iowa In conZlict herewith are repealed. Section 3. This Ordinance shall be e~fective upen its passage~ adop~ion, and approva~ b~ the city Council and public~hion as required by law. Section 4. when this Ordinn,Ce is in effect, It shall a~tomatically supplement, amend~ and become par~ of tl~e Code of Ord~nnnceS (Municipal Cede) of the Ci%~ of Othumwa~ Iowa without further resolution o= the City Council. Paased on its firs~ consideration on the_ 7Eh.'. day of , 199~. Passed on its second consideration on the zJlt. day of March _, 1995 Requirements of consideration and vo~e at two pr~or counoil mee~lnge euspended the .. day of ., 1~95, Final passage and adoption the ~th .day of ~Pr~l -, 1995. Approved ~him ~th day of Aprl] _. , 1995. CITY Of OTTAWA, IOWA . . . _U .. Mn Cul~inan, C~ty Clerk , ...... No action taken by MayoZ Vetoed thi~ ' day of ~ 1995. Dale ~- Ueh~lng, ~ayor HRR-03-2000 FRi UB:bl R~ IR LLR~U~ U~ UJil~ fH~ flu. ~1~ ~qq ut~u r. u~ FEB-23-2000 WED 11:42 OTTUMWA POLICE DEPARTMENT' Y-75 RequeSt [or Letter of Exemption Code of Ottumwat Chapter ~5-58 Date SUbmitted: .' m LiquOr License |folder Information · Bunin&~ Name: Businane Address: Telephone Number: ' Licenses/Owner| Home Address| : Affirmation and Request (To be comDleted by Licen=eefOwner) 'ove'~'~:t~d , do hereby swear and aEfirm that the '° b business conducts more than 50 percent of its' gros~ sales in . goods and services o~her 'than alcoholic ~everagea, cover chargest . en=e~tainment tee0, and coin'opprated amusement machines, and I do herebF . request a Letter of EXemptida in order to allow per$ons under twenty-one .. years of age on the premises in accordance with chapter 25-58 of the Ottu~wa Municipal Code. Signature: Afffrma=ion By ACcouutant/Bookkeeper ~c~'~]j~g/boo~eeping ., do hereby attest that I provide ' services'for the above business. As the prorider Of ~.. such services, I do hereby swear and affirm the~ the business conducts more than 50 percent of its' gross ~ales in goods and services o~her ~han : alcohollc beverages, cover ch~g~s, entertainment fees, and co~n operated amusement machines, ' Signshuts: ' : Accounta~t/Bookkeeper: . _-._ Address :.__ : Fr~dulen~Applicntioa ' I understand that ~ubmit=ing a fraudulent statement and/or req~e8~ in order to receive a lette= oE exemption is a violation of Xowa Code, Chapter 715A.5 '. and i~ punishable by imprisonment not to exceed ~ years or a ins nob f to e~ceea five khou~and dollars, or both, I further understand ~ha~ i may be required to ~rovide additional documents and/or financial record8 in order to be approved for a Letter of E~emption. Signatur['~ LicenseS/Owner. S~g~ature of Accountant/Bookkeeper Approved: __ --, Denied: ~ ~ Additional Documents Needed: Chief of Poi e ate " ' MAR-a3-2000 FRI 08:50 AM IA LI:AUUF- Ul' Ul'l'lt~ l-l-I~ NU, old Fq~ u~qu r, uo FEB-Z3-2OOO WED 11:42 R~ OITY OF OT~W~ F~ NO. 515 883+0613 r, u~ OT~A POLICE D~FAR~ENT F-TO R~quest ;Pot Specie1 Event Ex~pti~n Ottmwa Municipal Code, 8~lon 25-58 Applicant:._ Date|, Address: City: Phene~ Group or Liquor LiCense Represented; _ Is This A Non-Prod-it Organization? YES_ ~ NO Date of Event Hours nE Mven~: From To L~c~tion of Event: DescriBe the Even~| Will The Sale of A!coholic Beverages Be Suspended? YES , NO_ ., If Not, Identify the Methods To Be used To Ensure Underage Persons Du Not Consume or Possess Alcoholic Beverages: ~lgnA~ure of Applicant Date Reueivudx Approved: De~ied~ F Chief of Police Special Requirements| ~ Page 1 of 6 Relevant Minnesota Statutes (Current Through the 1995 Legislative Session) 340A.403. 3.2 percent malt liquor licenses Subdivision 1. Issuance by county or city. The governing body of a city or county may issue off-sale or on-sale licenses for the sale of 3.2 percent malt liquor within their respective jurisdictions. Subd. 2 Temporary licenses. (a) A club or charitable, religious, or nonprofit organization may be issued a temporary on-sale license for the sale of 3.2 percent malt liquor. (b) The temporary license may authorize the sale of 3.2 percent malt liquor in any school or school buildings. (c) Temporary licenses are subject to the terms set by the issuing county or city. Subd. 3 Exemption. (a) Any person licensed to sell intoxicating liquor at on-sale shall not be required to obtain an on-sale license under this section, and may sell nonintoxicating malt beverages at on-sale without further license. (b) Any person licensed to sell intoxicating liquor at off-sale shall not be required to obtain an off- sale license under this section, and may sell nonintoxicating malt beverages at off-sale without further license. 340A.405. Intoxicating liquor; off-sale licenses Subdivision 1. Cities. (a) A city other than a city of the first class may issue with the approval of the commissioner, an off- sale intoxicating liquor license to an exclusive liquor store, or to a drugstore to which an off-sale license had been issued on or prior to May 1, 1994. (b) A city of the first class may issue an off-sale license to an exclusive liquor store, a general food store to which an off-sale license had been issued on August 1, 1989, or a drugstore to which an off- sale license had been issued on or prior to May 1, 1994. Subd. 2. Counties. (a) A county may issue an off-sale intoxicating license with the approval of the commissioner to exclusive liquor stores located within unorganized territory of the county. (b) A county board of any county except Ramsey county containing a town exercising powers under section 368.01, subdivision 1, may issue an off-sale license to an exclusive liquor store within that town with the approval of the commissioner. No license may be issued under this paragraph unless the town board adopts a resolution supporting the issuance of the license. (c) A county board of any county except Ramsey county containing a town that may not exercise powers under section 368.01, subdivision 1, may issue an off-sale license to an exclusive liquor store within that town, or a combination off-sale and on-sale license to a restaurant within that town, with the approval of the commissioner pursuant to section 340A.404, subdivision 6. No license may be issued under this paragraph unless the town board adopts a resolution supporting the issuance of the license. http ://epihub. epi. umn. edu/alcohol/APPENDIX_B. HTML 4/6/00 Page 2 of 6 (d) No license may be issued under this subdivision unless a public hearing is held on the issuance of the license. Notice must be given to all interested parties and to any city located within three miles of the premises proposed to be licensed. At the hearing the county board shall consider testimony and exhibits presented by interested parties and may base its decision to issue or deny a license upon the nature of the business to be conducted and its impact upon any municipality, the character and reputation of the applicant, and the propriety of the location. Any hearing held under this paragraph is not subject to chapter 14. (e) A county board may not issue a license under this subdivision to a person for an establishment located less than one mile by the most direct route from the boundary of any statutory or home rule city that had established a municipal liquor store before August 1, 1991, provided that a county board may not issue a new license under this subdivision to a person for an establishment located less than three miles by the most direct route from the boundary of a city that (1) is located outside the metropolitan area as defined in section 473.121, subdivision 2, (2) has a population over 5,000 according to the most recent federal deceunial census, and (3) had established a municipal liquor store before August 1, 1991. (f) The town board may impose an additional license fee in an amount not to exceed 20 percent of the county license fee. (g) Notwithstanding any provision of this subdivision or Laws 1973, chapter 566, as amended by Laws 1974, chapter 200, a county board may transfer or renew a license that was issued by a town board trader Minnesota Statutes 1984, section 340.11, subdivision 10b, prior to January 1, 1985. Subd. 3. Towns. The town board of a town within Ramsey county exercising powers under section 368.01, subdivision 1, within Ramsey county may issue an off-sale intoxicating liquor license with the approval of the commissioner to an exclusive liquor store located within the town. Subd. 4. Temporal off-sale licenses; wine auctions. (a) The governing body of a city or county may issue a temporary license for the off-sale of wine at an auction with the approval of the commissioners A license issued under this subdivision authorizes the sale of only vintage wine of a brand and vintage that is not commonly being offered for sale by any wholesaler in Minnesota. The license may authorize the off-sale of wine for not more than three consecutive days provided not more than 600 cases of wine are sold at any auction. The licenses are subject to the terms, including license fee, imposed by the issuing city or county. Licenses issued under this subdivision are subject to all laws and ordinances governing the sale of intoxicating liquor except section 340A.409 and those laws and ordinances which by their nature are not applicable. (b) As used in the subdivision, "vintage wine" means bottled wine which is at least five years old. 340A.415. License revocation or suspension; civil penalty On a finding that the license or permit holder has (1) sold alcoholic beverages to another retail licensee for the purpose of resale, (2) purchased alcoholic beverages from another retail licensee for the purpose of resale, (3) conducted or permitted the conduct of gambling on the licensed premises in violation of the law, (4) failed to remove or dispose of alcoholic beverages when ordered by the commissioner to do so under section 340A.508, subdivision 3, or (5) failed to comply with an applicable statute, rule, or ordinance relating to alcoholic beverages, the commissioner or the authority issuing a retail license or permit under this chapter may revoke the license or permit, suspend the license or permit for up to 60 days, impose a civil penalty of up to $2,000 for each violation, or impose any combination of these sanctions. No suspension or revocation takes effect http ://epihub. epi. umn. edu/alcohol/APPENDIX_B. HTML 4/6/00 Page 3 of 6 until the license or permit holder has been given an opportunity for a hearing under sections 14.57 to 14.69 of the administrative procedure act. This section does not require a political subdivision to conduct the hearing before an employee of the office of administrative hearings. Imposition of a penalty or suspension by either the issuing authority or the commissioner does not preclude imposition of an additional penalty of suspension by the other so long as the total penalty or suspension does not exceed the stated maximum. 340A.501. Responsibility of licensee Every licensee is responsible for the conduct in the licensed establishment and any sale of alcoholic beverage by any employee authorized to sell alcoholic beverages in the establishment is the act of the licensee for the purposes of all provisions of this chapter except sections 340A.701,340A.702, and 340A.703. 340A.503. Persons under 21; illegal acts Subdivision 1. Consumption. (a) It is unlawful for any: (1) Retail intoxicating liquor or nonintoxicating liquor licensee, municipal liquor store, or bottle club permit holder under section 340A.414, to permit any person under the age of 21 years to drink alcoholic beverages on the licensed premises or within the municipal liquor store; or (2) Person under the age of 21 years to consume any alcoholic beverages. If proven by a preponderance of the evidence, it is an affirmative defense to a violation of this clause that the defendant consumed the alcoholic beverage in the household of the defendant's parent or guardian and with the consent of the parent or guardian. (b) An offense under paragraph (a), clause (2), may be prosecuted either at the place where consumption occurs or the place where evidence of consumption is observed. (c) When a person is convicted of or adjudicated for an offense under paragraph (a), clause (2), the court shall determine whether the person consumed the alcohol while operating a motor vehicle. If so, the court shall notify the commissioner of public safety of its determination. Upon receipt of the fourth determination, the commissioner shall suspend the person's driver's license or operating privileges for 30 days, or for 180 days if the person has previously been convicted of or adjudicated for an offense under paragraph (a), clause (2). (d) As used in this subdivision, "consume" includes the ingestion of an alcoholic beverage and the physical condition of having ingested an alcoholic beverage. Subd. 2. Purchasing. It is unla~vful for any person: (1) To sell, barter, furnish or give alcoholic beverages to a person under 21 years of age; (2) Under the age of 21 years to purchase or attempt to purchase any alcoholic beverage; or (3) To induce a person under the age of 21 years to purchase or procure any alcoholic beverage, or to lend or knowingly permit the use of the person's driver's license, permit, Minnesota identification card, or other form of identification by a person trader the age of 21 years for the purpose of purchasing or attempting to purchase an alcoholic beverage. If proven by a preponderance of the evidence, it shall be an affirmative defense to a violation of clause (1) that the defendant is the parent or guardian of the person under 21 years of age and that the defendant gave or furnished the alcoholic beverage to that person solely for consumption in the defendant's household. http://epihub. epi. umn. edtYalcohol/APPENDIX_B. HTML 4/6/00 Page 4 of 6 Subd. 3. Possession. It is unlawful for a person under the age of 21 years to possess any alcoholic beverage with the intent to consume it at a place other than the household of the person's parent or guardian. Possession at a place other than the household of the parent or guardian creates a rebuttable presumption of intent to consume it at a place other than the household of the parent or guardian. This presumption may be rebutted by a preponderance of the evidence. Subd. 4. Entering licensed premises. (a) It is unlawful for a person under the age of 21 years to enter an establishment licensed for the sale of alcoholic beverages or any municipal liquor store for the purpose of purchasing or having served or delivered any alcoholic beverage. (b) Notwithstanding section 340A.509, no ordinance enacted by a statutory or home rule charter city may prohibit a person 18, 19 or 20 years old from entering an establishment licensed under this chapter to: (1) Perform work for the establishment, including the serving of alcoholic beverages, unless otherwise prohibited by section 340A.412, subdivision 10; (2) Consume meals; and (3) Attend social functions that are held in a portion of the establishment where liquor is not sold. Subd. 5. Misrepresentation of age. It is unlawful for a person under the age of 21 years to claim to be 21 years old or older for the purpose of purchasing alcoholic beverages. Subd. 6. Proof-of-age defense. (a) Proof of age for purchasing or consuming alcoholic beverages may be established only by one of the following: (1) A valid driver's license or identification card issued by Minnesota, another state, or a province of Canada, and including the photograph and date of birth of the licensed person; (2) A valid military identification card issued by the United States Department of Defense; or (3) In the case of a foreign national, from a nation other than Canada, by a valid passport. (b) In a prosecution under subdivision 2, clause (1), it is a defense for the defendant to prove by a preponderance of the evidence that the defendant reasonably and in good faith relied upon representations of proof of age authorized in paragraph (a) in selling, bartering, furnishing, or giving the alcoholic beverage. 340A.701. Felonies Subdivision 1. Unlawful acts. It is a felony: (1) To manufacture alcoholic beverages in violation of this chapter; (2) To transport or import alcoholic beverages into the state in violation of this chapter for purposes of resale; or (3) To sell or give away for beverage purposes poisonous alcohol, methyl alcohol, denatured alcohol, denaturing material, or any other alcoholic substance capable of causing serious physical or mental injuries to a person consuming it; or (4) For a person other than a licensed retailer of alcoholic beverages, a bottle club permit holder, a municipal liquor store, or an employee or agent of any of these who is acting within the scope of http ://epihub. epi. umn. edu/alcoho I/APPENDIX_B. HTML 4/6/00 Page 5 of 6 employment, to violate the provisions of section 340A.503, subdivision 2, clause (1), by selling alcoholic beverages if the underage purchaser of the alcoholic beverage becomes intoxicated and causes or suffers death or great bodily harm as a result of the intoxication. Subd. 2. Presumptive sentence. In determining an appropriate disposition for a violation of subdivision 1, clause (4), the court shall presume that a stay of execution with a 90-day period of incarceration as a condition of probation shall be imposed unless the defendant's criminal history score determined according to the sentencing guidelines indicates a presumptive executed sentence, in which case the presumptive executed sentence shall be imposed unless the court departs from the sentencing guidelines under section 244.10. A stay of imposition of sentence may be granted only if accompanied by a statement on the record of the reasons for it. 340A. 702. Gross misdemeanors It is a gross misdemeanor: (1) To sell an alcoholic beverage without a license authorizing the sale; (2) For a licensee to refuse or neglect to obey a lawful direction or order of the commissioner or the commissioner's agent, withhold information or a document the commissioner calls for examination, obstruct or mislead the commissioner in the execution of the commissioner's duties or swear falsely under oath; (3) To violate the provisions of sections 340A.301 to 340A.313; (4) To violate the provisions of section 340A.508; (5) For any person, partnership, or corporation to knowingly have or possess direct or indirect interest in more than one off-sale intoxicating liquor license in a municipality in violation of section 340A.412, subdivision 3; (6) To sell or otherwise dispose of intoxicating liquor within 1,000 feet of a state hospital, training school, reformatory, prison, or other institution under the supervision and control, in whole or in part, of the commissioner of human services or the commissioner of corrections; (7) To violate the provisions of section 340A.502; ( 8 ) Except as otherwise provided in section 340A. 701, to violate the provisions of section 340A. 503, subdivision 2, clause (1) or (3); (9) To withhold any information, book, paper, or other thing called for by the commissioner for the purpose of an examination; (10) To obstruct or mislead the commissioner in the execution of the commissioner's duties; or (11 ) To swear falsely concerning any matter stated under oath. 340A. 703. Misdemeanors Where no other penalty is specified a violation of any provision of this chapter is a misdemeanor. 471.985. County and city ordinances prohibiting trespassing Subdivision 1. Authority. The county board of any county or the city council of any home rule charter or statutory city may enact ordinances to prohibit persons from entering uninvited onto the land of another to consume alcohol or controlled substances. The county board or city council may enact ordinances to prohibit a person from bringing a motor http://epihub.epi.umn.edu/alcohol/APPENDIX_B.HTML 4/6/00 Page 6 of 6 vehicle onto the land of another without invitation to facilitate the consumption of alcohol or controlled substances on that land. Subd. 2. Determination of purpose. To determine the purpose of an uninvited entry of a person or motor vehicle, factors to be considered shall include, but are not limited to the following: (a) Time of day; (b) Presence of containers intended to contain or containing alcohol; (c) Presence of equipment used to dispense alcoholic beverages; (d) Presence of paraphernalia containing identifiable residues of a controlled substance; (e) Noise level; (f) Lighting; (g) Identified physiological responses; and (h) Conduct of persons in the presence of a peace officer. Subd. 3. Violations. A person who violates an ordinance enacted pursuant to subdivision 1 is guilty of a misdemeanor. Subd. 4. Defenses. Express consent, endorsement, or ratification by a landowner of an entry onto land is an absolute defense to charges under an ordinance enacted pursuant to subdivision 1. A landowner who expressly consents to, endorses, or ratifies an entry onto land shall not be presumed to be in control of the persons gathered on land, nor is the landowner presumed to have knowledge of an unlawful act merely because of the express consent, endorsement, or ratification. http ://epihub. epi. umn. edu/alcohol/APPENDIX_B. HTML 4/6/0 0 STATE Underage Access to Premises Where Alcohol is Sewed* Age 18+ 3/2000 RestdcUon Alabama Minors am permitted in any establishment except for those holding only a Y lounge license. Alaska Minors am only permitted in establishments that serve alcohol if the business is Y a bona fide restaurant and they are at least 16 and are dining, or if they are not 16, they must be accompanied by a parent, guardian or spouse who is at least 21. Minors may enter any licensed premises accompanied by their parent, legal guardian or spouse over the age of 21 Arizona Minors are permitted in any establishment so long as they are with a parent, Y legal guardian or spouse who is at least 21 Arkansas Minors are permitted in any establishment. However, private clubs must serve Y food in order for a minor to enter. California Persons under 21 years of age may not enter and remain in any premises with a Y green-colored ABC license except on lawful business. These premises are required to post a sign visible from the extedor of the public entrance and another one inside stating that no one under the age of 21 is allowed inside. Minors may enter and remain in any licensed premises which has a pink-colored ABC license. Colorado Minors are permitted in any establishment unless the establishment has house policies regarding admittance of minors Connecticut Minors are not permitted in a barroom unless accompanied by a parent or legal Y guardian. Parents and legal guardians may serve their children alcohol Delaware Minors are permitted in restaurants but may not sit at a bar/counter where Y alcohol is served or consumed. They are not allowed to enter taprooms or liquor stores. Florida FS 562.48 states that a person under 18 can not patronize a dance hall N Georgia Policies regarding admittance into alcohol-serving establishments are govemed L by local ordinance. Hawaii (County) Minors are permitted in premises which have dancing and live entertainment if L accompanied by a responsible adult age 21 or older. Teen events are permitted by permit, however, no alcohol may be served. Idaho Persons under 21 are permitted in restaurants for dining but are not permitted in Y other establishments that serve alcohol. For exceptions to this regulation, see Title 23, Chapters 1-14. Illinois Admittance into establishments that serve alcohol depends on local ordinances. L The Illinois Liquor Control Act contains additional provisions regarding persons under 21 and the service, sale and consumption of alcohol on and off licensed premises. Indiana Minors are not permitted in bar rooms unless they are 18, accompanied by a parent, guardian or family member who is at least 21, and them for the purpose N of consuming food. Iowa There are no state laws prohibiting minors in licensed establishments. However, L local authorities may have ordinances prohibiting minors in licensed establishments. Kansas There are no state statutes regulating the admittance. of minors into licensed L establishments. There may be local ordinances regarding these policies Kentucky Minors are not permitted in establishments that serve alcohol unless at least Y 50% of the total sales are from foOd. Minors are not allowed in package stores. Fairs, athletic events and concerts are exempt from these restrictions. Louisiana Patrons age 18 or older can consume alcohol on-premise in the presence of N their parents or spouse if they are 21. Patrons under the age of 18 are only permitted in bonafide restaurants. Maine Minors are prohibited from being in establishments with the following licenses: Y Tavern, Hotel Lounge and Class A Lounge, unless with parent, legal guardian or if working in the scope of their employment. Maryland Minors are permitted in restaurants which serve alcohol. y Massachusetts Minors are permitted in an establishment provided no alcohol is consumed by N the minor. It is illegal for a minor, who is not accompanied by a parent or legal guardian, to be in possession of an alcohol beverage Michigan If the person is under the age of 17, they must be with a parent in an L establishment whose pdmary business is the sale of alcohol or adult entertainment. City and town ordinances may also address this issue. Minnesota Minors are allowed in establishments that sell alcohol, however admittance is N regulated by the establishment. Mississippi There are no policies restricting admittance of minors to establishments that sell N or serve alcohol Missoud It is unlawful to serve or sell alcohol to anyone under the age of 21 N Montana Nothing in the state law prohibits a minor from being in a licensed N establishment. Parents may give their minor children alcohol but not within a licensed establishment. Nebraska There are no state laws regarding minors in establishments that serve alcohol, L but there can be local ordinances or policies set by the establishments. Nevada L New Hampshire Patrons must be over 18 or accompanied by a parent, legal guardian or adult N spouse to be in a cocktail lounge. New Jersey It is unlawful to serve or sell alcohol to anyone under the age of 21. N New Mexico It is unlawful to serve or sell alcohol to anyone under the age of 21. N New York Minors under the age of 16 are not permitted in establishments that serve N alcohol unless accompanied by a parent, guardian or spouse. North Carolina There is no state policy restricting the admittance of minors into establishments N that serve alcohol. North Dakota Minors are permitted in any restaurant where alcohol is served provided the Y restaurant is separated from the bar area and the gross sales of food are at least equal to the gross sales of alcohol. Ohio There are no state laws regulating the admittance of underage persons to N establishments. Persons under 21 may only possess or consume alcohol if provided by parent, legal guardian or spouse over the age of 21. Oklahoma In establishments where sales from food account for more than 50% of total Y sales, minors are allowed in the establishment but not in the designated bar area. Minors are not permitted in establishments whose food sales are less than 50%. Minors are not permitted in retail stores for any reason at any time. Oregon Minors are generally not permitted in areas like a lounge, tavern or other area N whose main purpose is the sale of alcohol. One exception is that a minor may be in these areas if accompanied by his/her spouse who is of age. However, the minor may not possess or consume alcohol while in the establishment. Parents may provide alcohol to their own minor children in a private residence. Pennsylvania Minors may not frequent licensed establishments unless accompanied by a Y parent, legal guardian or under the supervision of an adult over 25 years of age who is not employed by the licensee. Minors may frequent restaurants with sales of food and non-alcohol beverages equal to 70% of the combined gross sales of food and alcohol beverages when there is only table service of alcohol beverages in that room. Further, minors who frequent under this exception may not have alcohol served at their table. Rhode Island Minors are permitted in establishments that serve alcohol, provided no alcohol is N consumed. South Carolina The legal age to possess, purchase or consume alcohol is 21. N South Dakota Minors may only consume alcohol beverages if they are in the immediate N presence of their parents or a spouse who is 21 years of age. Tennessee Admittance to establishments that serve alcohol is a decision left up to the N establishment. However, if an establishment limits access only to those 21 or older, the policy must be uniformly enforced. Texas Minors are permitted in any on-premise establishment so long as no alcohol is N consumed. Minors are not permitted in package stores unless accompanied by an adult parent, guardian or spouse. Minors may only consume alcohol beverages if in the visible presence of an adult parent, guardian or spouse Utah Minors are not allowed in taverns where the sale of beer exceeds the sale of Y food. Vermont It is unlawful to serve or sell alcohol to anyone under the age of 21. N Virginia Minors are permitted in any establishment, though establishments can set N policies to only admit patrons 21 years or older. Washington Minors are not permitted in taverns or cocktail lounges. y West Virginia Minors 18 and older are permitted in establishments that serve or sell alcohol. N Anyone under 18 must be accompanied by a parent or guardian. Wisconsin It is unlawful to serve or sell alcohol to anyone under the age of 21, unless Y accompanied by parent, guardian or spouse of legal drinking age. For Class B licenses, underage persons are not allowed into the establishment unless with a parent, legal guardian or spouse who is at least 21. If principal business of the establishment's total sales are from food, underage persons are allowed for dining only but may not be in the barroom. There are exceptions to these restrictions. Wyoming Minors are not permitted to enter or remain in a licensed dispensing room, Y/L except in a package liquor store when accompanied by a parant or guardian, and if not prohibited by local ordinance. Minors are allowed in a licensed dispensing room until 10:00 pm if accompanied by a parent or guardian if the licensed room includes a waiting or dining area and with the approval of the local licensing authority Summary: 24 states - no age restrictions 18 states - restricted to those 18 years and older 9 states - local determination (one with other age 18 restrictions) * Thanks to Dan Skiles, Florida State University, who compiled this from state legislative data found on the TIPS website, http://www.l~ettips.com Reproduced by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Alcohol National Program Offices at the American Medical Association, 515 North State Street, Chicago, IL 60610. May be reproduced without permission, LUTHER"S BLUES (Madison, WI) ALCOHOL LICENSE CONDITIONS January :ZUUU 1. Meet the definition of a restaurant as defined in sec. 38.02, M,G,O. 2. Video cameras w}ll be mounted so as to cover the entire premises with monitors located in the office and tapes will be made available upon request to MPD. 3. I-or I~ve music events, the following aaaroonal conamons snail apply: a. One in-house security person for each 75 patrons shall be on duty b. Each security person will be equipped with a radio headset connected to all other security personnel c. Aii secunty personnel shaii be attired in a manner to readily identify tnem as sucn d. From the time a live music event ends and for 30 minutes thereafter, one-half of all secur~ personnel shall be stationed outside the premises to assist and encourage patrons to safely leave e. For national acts, at least one uniformed law enforcement officer wen full po4~ce power shall be employed until 30 minutes following the end of the performance. The officer shall be assigned outside as patrons depart 4. Capacity shall be the maximum number permitted by the Wisconsin Administrative Code or no more than 59i. 5. The nature of the music shall not change without prior city approval. 6. Specifically ~th regard to the advertising, sale or service of alcohol beverages, Iicensee shall: a. Not increase the volume contained in a serving without increasing proportionately the price chargecl for such serving b. Not give away any drink or sell at a price that is different from the usual price for the ddnk for any period of time less than one full week c. Not give away any drink or reduce the price of any drink conditioned upon the purchase of any drink or numDer of dnnks d. Not sell or give away an unlimited number of drinks during a set pedod of time for a fixed price e. Not advertise in any manner the availability, pricing or dispensing of ddnks or alcohol in a manner to lead a reasonably prudent person to conclude that alcohol is available contrary to paragraphs a. - a. above 7. When the University of Wisconsin is in session for it's regular first and second semesters: a. Provide at least one night per week during which student blues ensembles would be permitted to provide musical entertainment to customers provided that licensee may exercise reasonable arl:lstlc discretion in approvlng any particular proposed student ensemble b. Prowde at least two (2) nights per month dunng which all or a portion of the premises will be declared alcohol free during which entertainment would be afforded Fammar~ze all securrty staff wrtn tne provsssons of sec. 3~.06~i0), M.~.O, me unruly patron ordinance and when a patron acts in a manner that is violent, abusive, indecent, profane. boisterous or omerw~se disorderly, immediately contact the police and request the police to invoke the provisions of the ordinance. u. ucensee, ~ts agents and employees may not sell, mspense or g~ve away alcohol to any person WhO iS under the influence of alcohol beverages as that term is defined in sec. 38.02, MG.O., nor shall such a person be permitted to be on the premises. 10. Licensee shall not seek a commitment from the University of Wisconsin to utilize any space for its patrons ~n the Eng~neenng Parv,~ng Rtamp if, ~n the future, present restrictions on non-accessory parking are modified or terminated. 11. The security training curnculum must be approved by Madison Police department before being implemented. Johnson County Health Improvement Plan 2000 (Affiliate of Healthy Iowans 2010) In February 2000, members of Johnson County health and human service agencies were brought together by the Johnson County Department of Public Health to discuss and rank public health issues facing our community. Based on data provided by the Johnson County Department of Public Health, this group ranked alcohol as Johnson County's number one health problem. From this group, the Alcohol Task Force was created to address the following two goals: · Restricting bar entrance to those of the minimum legal drinking age. · Educating the adult community on alcohol use and its consequences. Accomplishments of Stepping Up The Stepping Up Project is committed to an "environmental approach" to the problem of high risk drinking. We take a comprehensive view of the problem and respond with a multi-faceted strategy on the social, administrative, and educational levels. We have divided our energies into three Task Forces. Some of the accomplishments of each our Task Forces are enumerated below: Communication/Education Task Force: Social Culture Task Force: Stepping Up Web Page. Non-alcoholic tailgates. UI Student Forums. Weeks of Welcome Street Dance. Door Hanger Project. Mini-Grants for student groups. Community survey. Nightgames. Student produced cable TV show. Advertising campaigns. Town meeting. Sponsored "Unconditionally High school student focus group. Creative" UAY Arts Festival. Four presentations at national conferences. Provided live remote radio Teen "Parent Tool Box" seminars broadcasts at alcohol free events. Stepping Up brochure. Co-sponsored Valentines Dance & Ads in community and high school papers. Grand Avenue Block Party Co-purchased "Fatal Vision Goggles" with Department of Public Safety. Designed Stepping Up refrigerator magnets Social Policy Initiatives: Closed the Wheelroom Bar at the Iowa Memorial Union. Eliminated alcohol service at UI sponsored tailgates. Revised Orientation policy and consequences. Supported Iowa City Disorderly House Ordinance amendment. Letters to bar owners regarding PAULA violations. Met with State Alcoholic Beverage Commission. Parent letter campaign initiated by Parent Times Article on underage access. Participant in Johnson County Alcohol Summit. Sponsored Greek workshop on transitioning to alcohol-free socials. The Minimum l,eeal Drinkirte ACe: Facts and Falacies (Quoted from Toomey, Traci L. et al. The Minimum Legal Drinking Age: History, Effectiveness and Ongoing Debate. ~41cohol Health & Research World, I/o1.20, No. 4, 1996) History of the MI. DA After Prohibition, nearly all states restricting youth access to alcohol designated 21 as the minimum legal drinking age. Between 1970 and 1975 however, 29 states lowered the MLDA to 18, 19 or 20. These changes changes occurred when the minimum age for other activities, such as voting, also were being lowered. (Wechsler and Sands, 1980). Scientists began studying the effects of the lowered MLDA, focusing particularly on the incidents of auto crashes, the leading cause of death among teenagers. Several studies in the 1970s found that auto crashes increased significantly among teens when the MLDA was lowered (Cucchiaro et al. 1974; Douglas et al. 1974; Wagenaar 1983, 1993; Whitehead 1977; Whitehead et at. 1975; Williams et al. 1974). With evidence that a lower drinking age resulted in more traffic injuries and fatalities among youth, citizen advocacy groups pressured states to restore the MLDA to 21. As a result, 16 states increased their MLDAs between September 1976 and January 1983. Resistance from other states and concern that minors would travel across state lines to purchase and consume alcohol prompted the federal government to enact the Uniform Drinking Age Act in 1984, which mandated reduced federal transporation funds to those states that did not raise the MLDA to 21. Among alcohol control policies, the MLDA has been studied the most. since the 1970s, at least 70 studies have examined the effects of either increasing or decreasing the MLDA. Research Findings · A higher minimum legal drinking age is effective in preventing alcohol-related deaths and injuries among youth. When the MLDA has been lowered, injury and death rates increase, and when the MLDA is increased, death and injury rates decline. (Wagenaar 1993) · A highei' MLDA results in fewer alcohol-related problems among youth and the 21 - year-old MLDA saves the lives of well over 1,00Q youth each year. (NHTSA 1989; Jones et at. 1992) Conversely, when the MLDA is lowered; auto crashes and deaths among youth increase. At least 50 studies have evaluated this correlation. (Wagenaar 1993) · A common argument among opponents of a higher MLDA is that because many minors still drink and purchase alcohol, it doesn't work. The evidence shows, AMA Office of Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse 1 September 1997 however, that although many youth still consume alcohol, they drink less and experience fewer alcohol-related injuries and deaths. (Wagenaar 1993) Research shows that when the MLDA is 21, people under age 21 drink less overall and continue to do so through their early twenties. (O'Malley and Wagenaar 1991) · Between 1970 and 1975, 29 states lowered their MLDA. Subsequently, scientists found that auto crashes increased significantly among teenagers. Moreover, research has demonstrated that a higher MLDA reduces other alcohol-related injuries among youth. · The effect of the higher MLDA occurs with little or no enforcement. Historically, enforcement has focused primarily on penalizing underage drinkers for illegal alcohol possession and/or consumption. For every 1,000 minors an'ested for alcohol possession, only 130 merchants have actions taken against them, and only 88 adults who supply alcohol to minors face criminal penalties. (Wagenaar and Wolfson 1995) · An in-depth review of enforcement actions in 295 counties in Kentucky, Michigan, Montana and Oregon showed that in a three-year period, 27 percent of the counties took no action against licensed establishments that sold alcohol to minors, and 41 percent of those counties made no arrests of adults who supplied alcohol to minors. Moreover, the majority of the counties took at least one action against alcohol establishments and adults who provided alcohol to minors, many did not take actions ~:equently. (Wagenaar and Wolfson 1995) · Regarding Europeans and alcohol use among youth, research conrims that Europeans 'have rates of alcohol-related diseases such as cirrhosis of the liver similar to or higher than the U.S. (Single 1984) Drank driving among youth may not be as great a problem in Europe when compared to the U.S. European youth must be older to obtain their drivers' licenses; they are less likely to have a car and more inclined to use public transportation. References Cucchiaro, S. et al. A. The Effect of the 18-year-oM Drinking Age on Auto Accidents. Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Operations Research Center, 1974. Douglass, R.L. et al. The Effect of Lower Legal Drinking Ages on Youth Crash Involvement. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, Highway Safety Research Institute, 1974. Jones, N.E. et al. The effect of legal drinking age on fatal injuries of adolescents and young adults. American Journal of Public Health 82 (1): 112-I 15, 1992. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). The Impact of Minimum Drinking Age Laws on Fatal Crash Involvements:/In Update of the NHTSA ~lnalyses. NHTSA Technical Report No. DOT HS 807 349. Washington, DC: NHTSA, 1989. AMA Office of Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse 2 September 1997 O'Malley, P.M. and Wagenaar, A.C. Effects of minimum drinking age laws on alcohol use, related behaviors and waffle crash involvement among American youth: 1976-1987. Journal of Studies on Alcohol 52(5):478491, 1991. Wagenaar, A.C. ~4lcohol, Young Drivers, and Trajflc ~4ccidents. Lexington, M~: Lexington Books, 1983. Wagenaar, A.C. Minimum drinking age and alcohol availability to youth: Issues and research needs. In: Hilton, M.E., and Bloss, G., eds. Economics and the Prevention of Alcohol-Related Problems. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Research Monograph No. 25.NIH Pub. No. 93-3513. Bethesda, MD:the Institute, 1993. pp. 175-200. Wagenaar, A.C. and Wolfson, M. Deterring sales and provision of alcohol to minors: A study of enforcement in 295 counties in four states. Public Health Reports 110(4):419427, 1995. Wechsler, H., and Sands, E.S. Minimum-age laws and youthful drinlcing: An introduction. In: Weehsler, H., ed. Minimum Drinking~4ge Laws. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books, 1980.pp. 1-10. Whitehead, P.C. et al. Collision behavior of young drivers: Impact of the change in the age of majority. Journal of Studies on ,4lcoho136: 1208-1223, 1975. Willjams, A.F. et al. The Legal Minimum Drinking ,4ge and Fatal Motor Vehicle Crashes. Washington, D.C:Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, 1974. AMA Office of Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse 3 September 1997 Keeping the legal drinking age at 21 saves lives and prevents injuries Since the 1970s, at least 40 studies have examined the effects of either increasing or decreasing the minimum legal drinking age. Here are the findings: · When the drinking age is lowered, injury and deaths increase. · When the drinking age is raised, death and injury rates decline. · A legal drinking age of 21 saves well over 1000 lives each year. · Opponents of a high legal drinking age argue that because many . minors still manage to purchase alcohol, raising the legal drinking age doesn't work. The evidence shows however, that although many youth consume alcohol, they drink less and experience fewer alcohol-related injuries. Toomey, Traci L. el oZ. The Minimum Legal Drinking Age: History, Effectiveness and Ongoing Debate. Alcohol Health & Research World, VoL 20, No. 4, 1996) Which probably explains why so many people support it · Nearly 60 percent of University of Iowa students said they support a "crackdown on underage drinking." (Harvard School of public Health survey, 1997) · 78 percent of Iowa City and Coralville residents said they favored cracking down on underage drinking even if it hurts business in bars and stores that sell alcohol. (town social science Institute survey, 1998) · An overwhelming majority of Americans view underage drinking as a significant problem and support measures to reduce it. 84 percent oppose lowering the legal drinking age from 21 to 19.83 percent support laws that penalize adults who supply alcohol to minors. (Robert Wood Johnson Foundation study, 1998) Join the crowd. Support enforcement of the minimum legal drinking age. TO REDUCI[ TH~ HARIvFUL E~FECTS OF HIGH R1SK DRINKING www. uiowa.edu/-stepping Community 'News Advertiser 3 column x 8.5 College Binge Drinking in the 1990s: A Continuing Problem Results of the Harvard School of Public Health 1999 College Alcohol Study Henry Wechsler, PhD; Jae Eun Lee, DrPH; Meichun Kuo, ScD; Hang Lee, PhD Abstract. la 1999, the Harvard School of Public Health College they designated as "binge" drinking, defined as the con- Alcohol Study resurveyed colleges that participated in the 1993 sumption of five or more drinks in a row for men and four and 1997 surveys. Responses to mail questionnaires from more or more for women, at least once in the 2 weeks preceding than 14 000 students at ! 19 nationally representative 4-year col- leges in 39 states were compared with responses received in 1997 the survey. The term hinge drinking was used by Wechsler and 1993. Two of 5 students (44%) were binge drinkers in 1999, and colleagues several years before in a study of Massa- the same rate as in 1993. However, both abstention and frequent chusetts college students' alcohol use.2 The term is now binge,<lrinking rates increased significantly. In 1999, 19% were used in the media as a catchword to designate college drink- abstainers, and 23% were frequent binge drinkers. As before, ing that leads to serious problems. Following the publica- binge drinkers, and particularly frequent binge drinkers, were more likely than other students to experience alcohol-related prob- tion of the initial CAS results, there was greater media lems. At colleges with high binge-drinking rates, students who did attention to alcohol-related tragedies among college stu- not hinge drink continued to be at higher risk of encountering the dents, including deaths in a variety of circumstances: acute secondhand effects of others' heavy drinking. The continuing high alcohol poisonings, falls, drownings, automobile collisions, level of binge drinking is discussed in the context of the height- fires, and hypothermia resulting from exposure. Such dras- ened attention and increased actions at colleges. Although it may take more time for interventions to take effect, the actions college tic consequences underscore the multitude of other, less health proriders have undertaken thus far may not be a sufficient severe, outcomes of binge drinking. response. Heightened public interest in binge drinking prompted Key Words: alcohol-related problems, binge drinking, college changes in the way colleges addressed the problem. Until students, secondhand effects of binge drinking the mid-1990s, student drinking issues were largely the responsibility of alcohol educators and deans of students. Since then, in association with extensive media coverage n 1993, the Harvard School of Public Health College and the release of several national studies of drinking Alcohol Study (CAS) surveyed a random sample of stu- behavior, college presidents are often involved. Many of dents at 140 colleges in 39 states and the District of them are frequently included in statewide and regional Columbia. The survey constituted the first attempt to study coalitions that address the problem jointly. drinking patterns in a nationally representative sample of Other indications that college alcohol issues have been college students. The findings, first published in December placed on the national agenda are such developments as 1994,n received widespread national attention. passage of a resolution by the US House of Representatives The study's authors described a style of drinking that and the Senate to address binge drinking; a National insti- tute on Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse special task force on college drinking, as well as a special grant program to focus Henry Wechsler, Jae Eun Lee, attd Meichun Kuo are all with on this issue; a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention the Department of Health arid Social Behavior at the Harvard (CDC) health risk survey for college students; and frequent School of Public Health in Boston. and Hang Lee is with the Center for Vaccine Research and Department of Pediatrics at the features on binge drinking in major television network news University of California Los Angeles School of Medicine in magazine programs. The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Torrance. has established an initiative, the Matter of Degree program, VOL 48, MARCH 2000 199 COLLEGE HEALTH which provides funding to universities 'to develop compre- the binge-drinking rates of the 119 retained in 1999 with the hensire environmental-change approaches by establishing corresponding rates of all 128 participating in 1999, we collegdcommunity coalitions to address the problem ofstu- found that they were identical. Dropping the low-response dent drinking. schools did not change the results of the survey. Similar In 1997, the CAS survey of students was repeated at the comparisons for the 1997 and 1993 rates of ~ese schools original colleges with new samples. That survey found little with those of the total samples in those years also revealed change in the intervening 4 years in ~e overall rates of no differences. bingc drinking..For the 116 colleges in that analysis, a The sample of 119 colleges presents a national cross-see- minor drop occurred in the proportion of binge drinkers, tion of 4-year colleges. Two thirds of the colleges sampled from 44.1% in 1993 to 42.7% in 1997. However, ~e study are public institutions, and one third are private. In terms of uncovered an increase in ~e prevalence of boffi frequent student enrollments, two fifths of the schools (44%) are bingc drinking and abstention. A polarization effect was large (more than 10 000 students), one fifth (23%) ar~ medi- observed, resulting in two sizable groups of students on um sized (5001 to 10 000 students), and nearly one ~ird campus: ~ose who did not drink at all (19%) and those who *(34%) are small (5000 students or fewer). About two thirds binge drank three or more times in a 2-week period (21%). are located in an urban or suburban setting and one third are Students in the latter group of frequent binge drinkers were in small-town or rural settings. Fifteen percent arc affiliated found to consume a median of 14.5 drinks per week, and with a religious denomination, and 5% enroll women only. · is group accounted for 68% of all ~e alcohol consumed by college students.3 Questionnaire Despite all of the attention focused on binge drinking by The 1999 survey repeated standard questions used in colleges and the media and the initial actions to reduce 1993 and 1997 about alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use, alcohol-related problems, little change in student drinking as well as lifestyle, demographic, and offier background levels occurred on the national level between 1993 and characteristics. These questions were adapted from previ- 1997. The CAS was repeated in 1999 to examine overall ous large-scale, national studies.2's's The questionnaire levels of hinge drinking and to determine whether the trend instructed participants to define a drink in equivalent toward increased polarization of drinking behavior on cam- amounts of alcohol: a 12-oz (360 mL) bottle or can of beer, pus had continued. a 4-oz (120 mL) glass of wine, a 12-oz (360 mL) bottle or can of wine cooler, or a shot of liquor ( 1.25 oz or 37 mL), METHOD either straight or in a mixed drink. Questions also inquired Sample of Colleges about students' experiences with prevention programs and In 1999, we resurveyed 128 schools from the original list school alcohol and tobacco policies. of 140 colleges that were surveyed in 1993 and the 130 col- leges surveyed in 1997. The 128 schools were located in 39 The Measure of Binge Drinking states and the District of Columbia. The original 1993 sam- Heavy episodic or bi/,ge drinking was defined as the con- pie was selected from a list of accredited 4-year colleges sumption of at least five drinks in a row for men or four provided by the American Council on Education. The sam- drinks in a row for women during the 2 weeks before the pie was selected using probability sampling proportionate completion of the questionnaire. In the past decade, large- to the size of undergraduate enrollment at each institution. scale epidemiologic studies of youth alcohol use have In 1999, we obtained student samples using the same pro- employed five drinks in a row as a measure of heavy drink- cedures we had used in the first two surveys. Details of the ing, and this has become a standard measure in both sec- sample and research design of the 1993 and 1997 surveys ondary school populations [the University of Michigan's are described elsewhere. ~.4 National Institute of Drug Abuse (NIDA)-sponsored Moni- In 1999, as in the previous surveys, we asked administra- toring the Future studys] and college populations (Core tors at each college to provide a random sample of 225 Institute Survey,7 National College Health Risk Behavior undergraduates drawn from the total enrollment of full-time Surveys). In an analysis of the 1993 CAS data,9 a gender- students. The attrition of I0 colleges in 1997 and 2 colleges specific definition Cfive/four") of binge drinking provided in 1999 was primarily the result of the college administra- a measure of equivalent alcohol-related problems for col- tors' inability to provide a random sample of students and lege men and women. their mailing addresses to us within the time requirements The CAS gender-specific measure of binge drinking was for the study. constructed from responses to four questions: (a) gender; (b) In conducting the data analyses, we excluded schools that recency of last drink; (c) drinking five or more drinks dur- failed to meet the minimal criteria for response rate. To be ing the past 2 weeks; and (d) drinking four or more drinks part of the 3-year -comparison sample described in this during the past 2 weeks. Missing data for any of these ques- report, a school had to have a response rate of at least 50% lions resulted in the exclusion of that student's responses in two of the three surveys and a rate of at least 40% in the from the analysis of binge drinking. We excluded 2.6% of third. For all 3 survey years, 119 schools met these criteria, the responses in 1993, 1.4% in 1997, and 2.3% in 1999. and we dropped 9 from the analyses. When we compared We defined frequent binge drinkers as those students who 200 JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH BINGE DRINKING IN THE 1990s had bingod three or more times in ~¢ past 2 weeks (or more (range = 40%-88%), and 70% in 1993 (range = than once a week. on average), occasional binge drinkers 41%-100%). '- were those students who had binged one or two times in the We used two procedures to examine potential bias intro- same period. Nonbinge drinkers were those students who duced by nonresponders. The response rates at individual had consumed alcohol in the past year but had not binged in colleges were not associated with their binge-drinking rates. the previous 2 weeks. and abstainers were those students The Pearson correlation coefficient between a col lege's who had consumed no alcohol in the past year. binge rate and its response rate was -.029 (p = .753) in Students who h.ad consumed alcohol in the past 30 days 1999, .006 (p = .949) in 1997, and -.014 Co = .879) in 1993. were asked to report on the number of occasions they had a In addition. we adjusted for response rates in the multiple drink of alcohol in the past month. The response categories !ogistic regression models in all of the analyses. were 1 to 2 occasions, 3 to 5 occasions, 6 to 9 occasions, 10 Data Analysis to 19 occasions, 20 to 39 occasions, and 40 or more occa- sions. In response to a question asking whether getting We used chi-square analysis to compare student charac- drunk was a reason for drinking, students who responded . teristics and outcomes of interest between the 3 survey very important, important, or somewhat important, as years. Prevalence of outcomes over the 3 survey years was opposed to not important, were considered to have the indicated by percentages and their percentage changes. and drinking style of "drinking to get drunk." High school binge tested for significance, using ~e chi-square test. We drinking was defined as the amount of alcohol u~ually con- employed Iogistic regression to assess the odds of an alco- sumed during the last year of high school. using the same hol-related problem or behavior for binge drinkers corn- five/four measure. pared with nonbinge drinkers. In this article, we report Students who drank alcohol in the past year were asked a adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals series of questions about their experiences with alcohol- for student and college characteristics, based on the Iogistic related problems during the current school year, including regression model. In addition, we employed the generalized 12 health and behavioral consequences ofone's own drink- estimating equations (GEE)~°JI approach to fitting the ing. All students were asked 8 questions about the conse- logistic regression models. Because it uses the clustered quences of other students' drinking (secondhand effects). outcomes appropriate to our sampling scheme, the GEE We examined these secondhand effects among students provides more robust standard errors of the OR estimates. who were not binge drinkers (nonbinge drinkers and The GEE procedure resulted in little or no difference in the abstainers) and lived on campus (ic, were residents of on- estimated ORs, compared with the ordinary logistic regres- campus dormitories or fraternity/sorority houses). sion models, and provided slightly greater standard errors In this article, data on alcohol-related sexual assaults and of the estimate. When appropriate, we used the GEE-based unwanted sexual advances, problems that most frequently standard errors to perform the significance tests. We also affect women, arc presented for women only. We divided used this method in the time-trend analysis of frequent colleges into high-binge institutions (more than 50% ofstu- binge drinking and abstaining over the three surveys, dents are bingc drinkers); middle-binge level (36%-50%), adjusting for class year, sex, and race. and low-binge (35% or lower) on the basis of the eggregal- Four percent of the participants were sampled in both the ed binge-drinking behavior of their students. 1997 and 1999 surveys. However, we found no statistical evidence of reduced variation in the sample resulting from Mailing and Response Rate these duplicated respondents, and therefore they remained in In all three surveys, questionnaires were mailed directly the analysis. To facilitate comparisons between the 1993, to students at the end of February. Three separate mailings 1997, and 1999 data, we used data from only those respon- were sent within a 3-week period: first a questionnaire, ~en dents at the 119 schools that met the inclusion criteria for a reminder postcard, followed by a second questionnaire. relatively high response rates in all survey years. Thus, the Mailings were timed to avoid the period immediately pre- 1999 findings are slightly different (usually I% or less) from ceding and following spring break so that students would be those previously reported in articles reporting data for the responding to questions concerning their behavior during a 140 colleges in 1993j and the 116 colleges3 in 1997. time when they were on campus. The students' responses RESULTS were voluntary and anonymous. The study therefore received exempt status from the institutional review com- Composition of the Student Samples mittees. To encourage students to respond, we offered an In ]999, 3 of 5 (61%) rcspondents were women. This was award of one $1,000 prize to a student whose name was higher than the national rates (55%) of undergraduate drawn from among students responding within I week; a women at 4-year institutions.12 Perhaps this was attribut- $500 award and 10 $100 awards were offered to students able, at least in part, to the inclusion of 6 womcn's colleges. whose names were drawn from a pool of all who responded. Four of 5 (78%) of the respondents were White. and 15% Response rates varied among the colleges that participat- were more than 23 years of age. The background character- ed in the 1993, 1997, and 1999 surveys. Average response istics of the students at the 119 colleges were similar to rates were 60% in 1999 (range = 49%-83%), 60% in 1997 those found in 1993 and 1997. However, because each of VOL 48, MARCH 2000 201 COLLEGE HEALTH the three survey samples consisted of m0rc than 14 000 stu- Student Drinking Behavior dents, cvcn small differences wcrc statistically significant Data on drinking patterns of students in the three surveys (Table 1). arc presented in Table 2. In 1999, as in previous years, In 1999, the proportion of women in the CAS was high- approximately 2 of 5 students' self-reported drinking er than in 1993 and 1997, and the proportion of White and behaviors met our criteria for bingc drinking. The propor- older students in 1999 was lower than in 1993 and 1997. tion of hinge drinkers, therefore, did not change among Because both of these demographic characteristics were most student subgroups between 1993 and 1999, with two associated with drinking outcome, wc controlled the multi- notable exceptions. Bingc drinking dccre, ascd among dor- vatlate comparisons of drinking and other behaviors. in the mitory residents and increased among students living off three survey samples for those characteristics. campus (Table 3). TABLE 1 General Characteristics of Student Samples, 1993, 1997, 1999 Sample 1993 1997 1999 Z2 (N = 15 403) (N = 14 724) (N = 14 138) '93 v '99 '93 v '97 '97 v Characteristic % % % p p p Gender Male 42.6 39,8 38,7 < .0001 < .0001 ,0710 Female 57.4 60.2 61.3 Ethnicity Hispanic 6.5 7.9 7.3 .0055 < .0001 .0396 Non-Hispanic 93.5 92.1 92.7 White 82.7 78.9 78.0 < .0001 < .0001 .0021 Black/African American 4.8 5. I 5.9 .0001 .3214 .0042 Asian/Pacific Islander 6.5 7.6 8-3 < .0001 .0003 .0490 Native American Indian/Other 6 8.4 7.9 < .0001 < .0001 .0706 Age < 24 y 83.5 83.6 84.8 .0015 .8603 .0030 Z?.4 y 16.5 16.4 15.2 Year in school Freshman 20.2 23.7 23.0 < .0001 < .0001 .2775 Sophomore 19.3 21.5 22.4 < .0001 < .0001 .0243 Junior 24.3 23.4 24.6 .8105 .0126 .0073 Senior 25.5 22.3 22.0 < .0001 < .0001 .2775 5th 10.8 9.1 8.1 < .0001 < .0001 .0044 TABLE 2 College Student Patterns of Alcohol Use, 1993, 1997, 1999 Prevalence (%) 1993 1997 1999 Change (%) Category (N = 14 995) (N = 14 520) (N = 13 819) '93 v '99 '93 v '97 '97 v '99 Abstainer (past y) 15.4 18.9 19.2 24.7*** 22.6*** 1.7 Nonbinge drinker1- 40. I 38.2 36.6 -8.6*** -4.7*** -4. I ** Occasional binge drinkerS: 24.7 22.0 21.4 -13.1'** -11.0*** -2.4 Frequent binge drinker§ 19.8 20.9 22.7 14.5'** 5.6* 8.5*** Note. Sample sizes vary from those in Table I because of missing values. ~'Students who consumed alcohol in the past year bul did nol binge. l~Students who binged one or Iwo times in a 2-week period. §Students who binged three or more limes in a 2-week period *p < .05; **p < .0h ***p < .001. 202 JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH BINGE DRINKING IN THE 1990s TABLE 3 Changes in Prevalence of Binge Drinking, 1993, 1997, 1999, by Student Charactedstice Prevalence (%) 1993 1997 1999 Change (%) Characteristic (N = 15 403) (N = 14 724) (N = 14 138) '93 v '99 '93 v '97 '97 v '99 TotaJ 44.5 42.9 44.1 -0.8 -3.6** 2.9* Gender Male 50.7 48.3 50.7 0.0 -4.6* 4.8* Female 39.9 39.3 40.0 0.3 -1.5 1.8 Ethnicity Hispanic 39.0 37.9 39.5 1.1 -2.8 4.1 Non-Hispanic 44.8 43.3 44-5 -0.7 -3.4* 2.8* White 48.4 46.9 49.2 1.7 -3.1 * 5.0* * Black/African American 15.7 19.1 15.5 -1.5 21.5 -18.9 Asian/Paci~c Islander 22.1 25.3 23. ! 4.5 14.7 -8.9 Other 38,8 37,4 39.6 2.1 -3.6 5.9 Age < 24 y 47.5 45.6 47.0 -1.2 -4.0** 2.9* 224 y 29.0 28.8 28.1 -2.9 -0.6 -2.4 Year in school Freshman 43.5 43.3 42.1 -3.3 -0.4 -3.0 Sophomore 45.7 43.8 44.5 -2.6 -4.2 1.6 Junior 44.7 44.5 45.9 2.8 -0.3 3.2 Senior 44.0 41.3 44.9 2.0 -6.1' 8.7** 5th 45.2 41.8 42.5 -5.9 -7.7 1.8 Residence Dormitory 47.3 45.3 44.5 -5.8** -4.2* -1.7 Fratermty/sorority house 83.1 81.6 78.9 -5.1 -1.9 -3.3 Off campus 41.1 40.2 43.7 6.2*** -2.3 8.7*** Fraternity/sorority member 67.4 65.5 64.7 -4.0 -2.8 -I .3 Binged in high school No 32.3 30.9 31.1 -3.8 -4.5' 0.7 Yes 69.7 70.7 73.9 6.0*** 1.3 4.6*** Marital status Never married 47.5 45.7 46.9 -I .3 -3.7'* 2.5 Married 20.5 18.7 18.3 -10.5 -8.9 -I.7 · p < .05', **p < .01; ***p < .001. Even though the overall rate of binge drinking did not the 2-year period, 1997 to 1999 (OR = 1.01, p = .024). change between 1993 and 1999, other changes were evi- Overall, we noted a significant increase in frequent binge dent. In 1999, drinking on college campuses continued a drinkers from 1993 to 1999 (OR = 1.20, p < .0001). trend toward becoming more strongly polarized: almost 1 in When we took student characteristics into account, the 5 students (19%) was an abstainer, and almost I in 4 (23%) rise in abstention and frequent binge drinking was signi~- was a frequent binge drinker. The numbers of students in cant between 1993 and 1999 in most student subgroups. these two groups increased over the 3 survey years. To The growth in abstention between 1993 and 1997 was sig- examine the 1993 to 1999 trends among abstainers and fre- ni~cant in both men (p < .001) and women (p < .001). quent binge drinkers, adjusting for year in class, race, and However, an increase in the numbers of women who sex, we used the GEE. The result showed a significant abstained occurred in 1997, whereas the increase in men's increase in abstainers during the 4-year period from 1993 to abstaining was significant in both 1997 and 1999 (p < .001, 1997 (OR = 1.21, p < .0001) and no change (OR = 0.97, see Table 4). A significant rise in abstention was reported p = .51) during the 2-year period from 1997 to 1999. Over- among Hispanic (p < .001), African American {,p < .05), all, we observed a significant increase in the number of Asian (p < .05), freshmen students (p < .05), and in resi- abstainers from 1993 to 1999 (OR = 1.18, p < .0001 ). The dents of dormitories (p < .001 ) and fraternity/sorority hous- number of frequent binge drinkers significantly increased es (p < .01). In the meantime, a significant rise in frequent during the 4-year period, 1993 to 1997 (OR = 1.11, binge drinking occurred among students who were binge p < .0126), and continued to increase significantly during drinkers in high school. VOL 48, MARCH 2000 203 COLLEGE HEALTH TAB LE 4 "' College Student Patterns of Alcohol Use, 1993, 1997, 1999, by Student Characteristics Abstainers Frequent bingets Prevalence (%) Change (%) Prevalence (%) Change (%) Characteristic 1993 1997 1999 '93 v '99 '93 v '97 '97 v '99 1993 1997 1999 '93 v '99 '93 v '97 '97 v '99 Total 15.4 18.9 19.2 24.7*** 22.6*** 1.7 19.8 20.9 22.7 14.5'** 5.6* 8.5 Gender Male 14.9 18.4 20.1 34.9*** 24.0*** 8.8* 22.8 23.8 26.0 13.7'** 4.0 9.3** Female 15.8 19.2 18.7 18.2'** 21.5'** -2.7 17.5 19.0 20.6 17.4'** 8.5* 8.2* Ethrdcity Hispanic 14.8 19.1 20.5 38.9*** 29.4***. 7.3 15.4 17.2 16.6 7.7 11.6 -3.4 Non-Hispanic 15.4 18.9 19.1 23.8'** 22.2*** 1.3 20.1 21.3 23.2 15.3'** 5.7* 9.1'** White 13.1 16.1 15.6 19.2'** 23.3*** -3.4 22.0 23.6 26.3 19.4'** 7.1'* 11.5'** Black/African American 32.6 35.3 38.0 16.6' 8.2 7.8 6.4 6.6 6.5 2.8 3.3 -0.5 Asian/Pacific Islander 32.1 33.2 36.7 14. ! * 3.3 10.4 7.6 9.4 8.4 10.9 24.3 -10.9 Other 15.2 20.7 19.8 30.0** 36.3*** -4.6 15.4 17.2 17.4 13.1 11.8 !.1 Age < 24 y 148 187 184 24,4'** 26.2'** -1.5 22.0 23. I 24.8 12.8'** 5.2' 7.3** :>94 y 18.7 20.3 24.1 29.3"* 8.9 18.8" 8.8 9.7 10.8 23.0' 10.5 l 1.3 Ycax in school Freshman 22.0 24.7 24.7 12.4* ! 2.4* 0.0 21. I 23.1 22.3 5.5 9.5 -3.7 Sophomore 17.5 20.1 21.0 20.0*** 15.1'* 4.2 20.1 22.5 24.1 20.1'** 11.7' 7.5 Junior 13.5 17.9 17.4 28.5*** 32.1'** -2.7 20.2 20.9 23.2 15.1'* 3.8 10.9' Senior 12.3 14.9 ]5.2 24.4*** 21.4'* 2.5 19.4 18.7 22.3 14.7'* -3.8 19.2'** 5th i l.l 14.2 15.8 41.9'** 27.5* 11.3 17.2 18.9 20.5 19.2' 10.0 8.4 Residence Dormitory 17.3 19.3 19.9 14.9'** 11.4' 3.1 22.5 22.5 23.0 2.2 0.2 2.0 Fraternity/sorority house 1.2 3.0 4.4 257.7** 146.3 45.2 49.4 52.5 51.1 3.5 6.4 -2.7 Off campus 15.3 18.9 18.6 21.9'** 23.8*** -1.6 17.0 18.8 22.1 29.9*** 10.5'* 17.5'** Fraternity/sorority member 5.6 8.1 85 53.2*** 45.8*** 5.1 34.3 38.6 39.6 15.3'** 123'* 2.7 Binged in high school No 21.2 25.5 26.4 24.6*** 20. I*** 3.8 10.9 11.3 12.2 11.5'* 3.9 7.3 Yes 3.3 3.7 28 -15.4 9.9 -23.0* 38.2 43.3 46.7 22.1'** 13.4'" 7.7" Marital status Never married 14.4 17.8 18.2 25.9*** 23.3*** 2.1 21.7 22.8 24.4 12.3'** 4.8' 7.2'* Married 22.9 28.0 29.1 27.4*** 22.3*** 4.1 4.7 5.3 64 381' 13.6 21.6 · p < .05; **p < .01; ***p < .00l. The data in Table 5 show changes in the prevalence of was statistically significant at only 7 schools (6%). A binge drinking in terms of college characteristics. In corn- decrease in binge-drinking rates was observed at almost an paring colleges in various categories according to charac- equal number of participating colleges (47%) and was sta- teristics of the institution, we found that the prevalence of tistically significant for only 8 schools (7%). Thus. the binge drinking at most types of colleges did not change results indicating no change among students at all colleges between 1993 and 1999. Where significant changes are reinforced when individual colleges are examined. emerged, as in the case of competitive standings of institu- The polarization in college drinking appeared when we lions, there was no clear pattern or direction of change. The examined data from individual colleges from 1993 to 1999. abstainer and frequent binge-drinker rates at most types of An increase in abstention was observed at 3 out of 4 col- colleges increased between 1993 and 1997 and did not loges (77%), and was statistically significant for 19 (16c~) change between 1997 and 1999. The rise in both abstention schools. This was in contrast to decreases in abstainers at and frequent binge drinking between 1993 and 1999 only 23% of the col leges; nonc of the decreases reached sta- occurred in most college subgroups (Table 6). tistical significance. An increase in frequent binge drinkers From 1993 to 1999, an increase in hinge-drinking rates was observed at 83 (70%) out of 119 colleges and was sta- was observed at 53% of the 119 participating colleges but tistically significant for 11% of schools. On the other hand. 204 JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH BINGE DRINKING IN THE 1990s TABLE 5 Changes In Prevalence of Binge Drinking, 1993, 1997, 1999, by College Characteristics N Prevalence (%) Chanj~c (%) College characteristic 1999 1993 1997 1999 '93 v '99 '93 v '97 '97 v '99 Total 119 44.5 42.9 44.1 --0.8 -3.6'* 2.9* Commuter school'[' 17 30.9 31.9 31.4 1.5 3. ! - ! .5 Not commuter school 102 ~6.9 44.7 46.2 -!.6 -4.7*** 3.3* Not competitive~: 25 39.5 38.2 39.5 0. 1 -3.3 3.5 Competitive 43 46.2 44.7 42.2 -8.7*** -3.3 -5.6* Very competitive 31 45.9 44.3 49,8 8.6*** -3.5 12.5'** Highly competitive 19 46.2 43.7 45.1 -2.4 -5.4 3.2 Small < 5000 40 43.3 42.3 41.1 -5,1' -2.3 -2.9 Medium 5001-10 000 27 42.9 41,7 45.0 4.8 -2,8 7.9* Large > 10 001 52 45.6 43.6 45.8 0.5 -4.3* 5.0* Public 82 45.0 43.3 44.6 -0.9 -3.7' 2.9 Private 37 43.2 42.0 43. I -0.3 -3.0 2.7 Northeast 28 50. l 45.5 47.9 -4.3 -9.2'** 5.4* South 35 43.2 40.7 42.4 -i .8 -5.7* 4.2 North Central 35 48. I 48.0 48.6 0.9 -0.2 !. 1 West 21 33.6 34.3 34.4 2.6 2. I 0.5 Religious affiliation 19 41.3 41,3 42.9 3.7 0.0 3.7 Nonreligious 100 45.0 43,2 44.6 -1.0 -4.0** 3.2 Rural/small town 34 49.7 46.2 48.9 -I.6 -7.1'** 5.8** Suburban/urban 85 41.8 41.1 42.2 0.9 -1.7 2.6 Women only 6 28.9 30.6 31.3 8.4 6. 1 2.1 Not women's college 113 45.0 43.6 44.9 -0.4 -3.2* 2.9* Note.' College characteristics may vary slightly from those reported in the 1993 and 1997 studies. tCommutcr schools wcrc defined as schools with >90% of students living off campus. .~Competitivcncss is based on ACT and SAT scores and percentage of applicants acceptcd, as rcportcd in Barron's Profiles of American Colleges?-° *p < .05; **p < .01; ***p < .001. we observed a decrease in frequent binge drinkers at only appear between 1997 and 1999. In fact, some problems 30% of colleges. It was statistically significant for only 3 decreased significantly between 1997 and 1999 but were (3%) schools. still significantly higher than in 1993. Drinking Style Risk of Alcohol-related Problems The data in Table 7 indicate changes in drinking style In the 1999 study, as in the previous studies, occasional among students who drank alcohol in the past year. The binge drinkers and frequent binge drinkers were more intensity of their drinking increased significantly between likely to experience alcohol-related problems than those 1993 and 1999. In 1999, a greater percentage of both male who drank alcohol but did not binge (Table 8). Occasion- and female students drank on 10 or more occasions; usual- al binge drinkers were 5 times as likely as nonbinge ly binged when they drank; were drunk three or more times drinkers to report they had experienced 5 or more of 12 in the past month; and drank to get drunk. Alffiough we different alcohol-related problems, whereas frequent found a general increase in drinking intensities from survey binge drinkers were 21 times as likely to do so, This result to survey, the strongest increase had occurred by 1997. is consistent with previous years, Frequent binge drinkers, in contrast to nonbinge drinkers, were 4 to 15 times more Prevalence of Alcohol-related Problems likely to experience a particular problem as a resuh of · In 1999, the prevalence of each of 12 alcohol-related edu- their drinking. cattonal, interpersonal, health, and safety problems among college men and women who drank any alcohol in the past Secondhand Binge Effects year was significantly higher than in 1993. These increases We examined the secondhand binge effects experienced had occurred by 1997, and additional increases did not by nonbinge drinkers and abstainers who lived in dormi- VOL 48, MARCH 2000 205 COLLEGE HEALTH TABLE 6 -- College Student Pattems of Alcohol Use, 1993, 1997, 1999, by College Characteristics Abstainers Frequent bingets Prevalence (%) Change (%) Prevalence (%) Change (%) College characteristic 1993 1997 1999 '93 v '99 '93 v '97 '97 v '99 1993 1997 1999 '93 v '99 '93 v '97 '97 v '99 Commuter schoolf 17.1 21.5 24.3 42.2'** 26.2'** 12.6* 11.2 11.9 12.8 14.0 5.9 7.7 Not commuter 15.1 18.5 18.4 21.8'** 22,1'** -0.3 21.3 22.4 24.3 13.8'** 5.0* 8.4*** Not competitive:l: 17.4 21.8 19.9 14.9'* 25.4*** -8.4 15.9 17.9 18.5 16,7'* 12.7' 3.6 Competitive 13.8 17.2 21.2 53.5*** 24.4*** 23.4*** 22.0 22.6 21.9 -0.3 3.1 -3.3 Very competitive 17.3 20.3 15.4 -10.9' 17.7'** -24.3*** 20.5 21.5 26.7 29.9*** 4.9 23.9*** Highly competitive 12.8 15.5 20.3 58.3*** 21.2' 30.6*** 19.0 20.7 23.6 23.9*** 8.7 14.0' Small < 5001 16.3 19.8 19.7 20.7*** 21.1'** -0.3 19.0 20.8 20.2 6.0 9.2* -2.9 Medium 5001-10 0130 15.1 19.2 18.4 21.7'** 27,3*** -4.4 18.7 19.1 22.9 22.5*** 2.0 20.0*** l.~rge > 10 001 15.1 18.3 19.4 28.2*** 21.3*** 5.7 20.6 21.7 24.4 18.4'** 5.4 12.4'** Public 14.5 17,9 18.6 28.3*** 23,4*** 4.0 20.1 21,2 23.1 14.9'** 5,6* 8.8** Private 17.8 21.1 20.7 16.4'** 18,9'** -2.1 19.1 20.3 21.8 14.0'* 6.1 7.5 Northeast 12.2 15.3 14.9 21.8'* 25.3*** -2.7 23.5 22.3 24.7 5.1 -5.4 11.1' South 17.4 21.0 20.8 20,1'** 20.9*** -0.7 19.4 20-6 22.6 16.6'** 5.9 10.1' North Central 12.4 16.3 16.4 32.2*** 31.0'** 0.9 21.6 24.1 25.6 18.8'** ! 1.8'* 62 West 21.3 24.6 26.9 26.4*** 15,5'* 9.4 12.9 14.3 15.2 17.8' 10.9 6.2 Religious affdiation 23. I 25.7 25.0 8.5 I !.3' -2.5 19.9 21.8 22.8 14.7' 9.6 4.7 Nonreligious 14.2 17.6 18.2 28.5*** 23.9*** 3.7 19.8 20.7 22.7 14.4'** 4.8 9.3*** Rural/small town 13.8 18.3 17.9 30.1'** 32.8*** -2.0 23.2 23.9 26.1 12.6'** 2.8 9.4'* Suburban/urban 16.3 19.3 17.8 9.3*** 18.3'** -7.6 18.1 19.3 21.3 17.9'** 7.1' 10.1* Women only 20.8 18,6 18.7 -10.5 -10.7 0.3 7.4 ll.! 14.1 90.2*** 50.3* 26.5 Not women's college 15.2 18.9 19.3 26.4*** 24.3*** 1.7 20.2 21.5 23.2 14.6'** 6.1' 8.0*** tCommu~cr schoob were defined as schools with > 90% of students living off campus, ~Compctidvcness is based on ACT and SAT scores and percentage of applicants acccpled, as reported in Barron's Profiles of Aratrican Colleges?° *p < .05; **p < .01; ***p < .001. tories or fraternity or sorority residences. In 1999, as in COMMENT 1993 and 1997, the most frequent problems were (a) being A Cautionary Note About Student Surveys interrupted while studying or being awakened at night (58%), (b) having to take care of a drunken fellow student The CAS is based on self-reported responses to a mail (50%), and (c) being insulted or humiliated (29%). About survey and is subject to sources of error associated with this 3 out of 4 students (77%) experienced at least one second- approach. First, respondents may intentionally or uninten- hand effect. lionally distort their answers. However, a number of studies We found no clear pattern of change in the rates of sec- support the validity of self-reports of alcohol use. e3.ts The ondhand effects in the 3 survey years. Some problems, such same pattern of responses among different student sub- as experiencing an unwanted sexual advance and having to groups is present in all 3 years of the study, as well in other take care of a drunken student, increased significantly. major studies of college alcohol use.53.16 Other problem experiences, such as being pushed, hit, or Second, another possible source of bias may be intro- assaulted, or being the victim of sexual assault or date rape, duced through sample attrition or nonresponse. Although decreased significantly. we received responses from 60% of the students in the ran- dom samples in 1999 and 1997, these rates were lower than Secondhand Binge Effects at High-binge, the 1993 rate (70%). However, the binge-drinking rates in Medium-binge, and Low-binge Campuses the CAS in all 3 survey years were almost identical to rates In 1999, as in the previous study, students who did not obtained by other researchers who used different sampling binge drink and who lived in a dormitory or fraternity or methods.s'7's Furthermore, the statistical controls wc used to sorority house on hlgh-binge campuses were twice as like- examine potential bias revealed no association between stu- !y as nonbinge drinkers and abstaincrs on low-binge cam- dent nonresponse and binge-drinking rates in an), of the 3 puses to report experiencing any of the secondhand effects survey years. listed in the study. In addition, they were three times as like- The CAS did not have an equivalent time period in inves- !y to report at least one such effect (Table 9). rigaling change over the 6-year period. It is possible that 206 JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH BINGE DRINKING IN THE 1990s TABLE 7 Drinking Styles of Students Who Consumed Alcohol, 1993, 1997, 1999, by Gender Prevalence (%) Change (%) Drinking style 1993 1997 1999 '93 v '99 '93 v '97 '97 v '99 ~ on 10 or more occasions in the past 30 days Total 17.9 20.6 22.2 24.2*** 15.5'** 7.5** Male 24.1 28.2 30.7 27.1'** 17.0'** 8.6* Female 12.8 15.2 16.5 28.6*** 18.7'** 8.4 Usually binges when drinks Total 40.4 41.6 44.5 10.2'** 2.9 7.0*** Male 43.2 43.2 47.3 9.7*** 0-0 9.6*** Female 38.2 40.5 42.6 1 ! .7'** 6.0* 5.3* Was drunk three or more times in the past month Total 23,1 28.0 29.3 26.5*** 21.1'** 4.5 Male 28.3 33.7 35.9 26.9*** 19,1'** 6.5* Female 18.9 23.9 24.8 30.9*** 26.3*** 3.6 Drinks to get drunk1' Total 39.7 52.4 47.2 18.9'** 32.0*** -9.9*** Male 45.0 58.5 54.4 20.9*** 29.8'** -6.9*** Female 35.6 48.3 42.7 19.7'** 35.5*** -! 1.6'** Note. Only students who drank alcohol in Ihe last year are included. tSay that getting drunk is an important reason for drinking. *p < .05; **p < .01; ***p < .001. TABLE 8 Risk of Alcohol-Related Problems Among Students in Different Binge Drinking Categories, 1999 Nonbinge drinkers Occasional binge drinkers Frequent binge drinkers (n: 5063) (n = 2962) Adjusted (n = 3135) Adjusted Problem % % OR 95% CI % OR 95% Cl Miss a class 8.8 30.9 4.70 4.01,5.51 62.5 16.86 14.40. 19.80 Get behind in schoolwork 9.8 26.0 3.17 2.70, 3.72 46.3 7.94 6.81, 9.28 Do something you regret 18.0 39.6 2.85 2.50, 3.25 62.0 6.94 6.08.7.93 Forget where you were or what you did 10.0 27.2 2.82 2.41, 3.29 54.0 8.36 7.22, 9.71 Argue with friends 9.7 23.0 2.68 2.28, 3.14 42.6 6.24 5.37, 7.26 Engage in unplanned sexual activities 7.8 22.3 3.17 2.68, 3.76 41.5 7.04 6.00, 828 Not use protection when you had sex 3.7 9.8 2.88 2.29, 3.64 20.4 6.13 4.95, 7.63 Damage property 2.3 8.9 2.92 2.20, 3.90 22.7 9.75 7.57, 12.72 Get into trouble with campus or local police 1.4 5:2 3.00 2.08, 4.39 12.7 8.07 5.84. I 1.40 Get hurt or injured 3.9 10.9 2.67 2.10, 3.39 26.6 8.16 6.60, 10.16 Require medical treatment for an alcohol overdose 0.3 0.8 2.73 1.17, 6.73 0.9 3.40 1.42, 8.72 Drove after drinking alcohol 18.6 39.7 2.87 2.53, 3.27 56.7 7.64 6.75, 8.66 Have five or more different alcohol- related problems 3-5 16.6 4.59 3.69, 5.74 48.0 21.11 17.25.26.04 Note. Only students who drank alcohol in the past year are included. Problems did not occur al all or occurred one or more times. Sample sizes vat) slightly for each category because of missing values. OR = odds rado; CI = confidence interval. Adjusted ORs of occasional hinge drinkers v nonbingc drinkers are significant at p < .001 (OR adjusted for age. sex, marital status, race/ethnicity, and parental college education). Adjusted ORs of frequent hinge drinkers v nonhinge drinkers are significant at p < .001 (OR adjusted for age, sex. marital status, race/cthnicity. and parental college education) VOL 48, MARCH 2000 207 COLLEGE HEALTH TAB LE 9 "' Risk of Experiencing Secondhand Binge Drinking Effects by Students at Low-, Middle-, or High-level Binge Drinking Campuses Low Medium High (n = 963) (n = 934) Adjusted (n = 1019) Adjusted % % OR 95% CI % OR 95% Ci Been insulted or humiliated 20.5 29.3 !.65 1.23, 2.19 35.8 2.06 1.57, 2.73 Had a redous argument or quarrel 13.7 18.6 ns 22.6 i.60 1.18, 2.19 Been pudw, d, hit, or assaulted 5.5 9.5 2.16 1.35, 3.51 10.9 1.94 1.19, 3.15 Had your property damaged 7.4 13.6 2.60 1.72, 4.02 16.0 2.76 1.81, 4.19 Had to take care of a drunken student 37.3 53.6 ' 1.92 1.50. 2.46 57.2 2. I 1 1.65.2.69 Had your studying/sleeping interrupted 43.2 60.5 2.32 1.82, 2.97 70.5 2.98 2.33, 3.81 Experienced an unwanted sexual advancct 14.7 20.1 ns -- 22.6 1.73 !.26, 2.38 Been a victim of sexual assault or da~ rape'[' 0.6 1.3 as -- 1.0 ns -- Experienced at least one of the above problemM: 63.7 81.3 2.44 1.85, 3.24 86.3 3.24 2.43, 4.32 Note. Analyses ate limited to nonhinge drinkers and abstainets who lived in dormitory or fraternity or sorority residences. School binge levels were divided as follows: low hinge = 37%, medium = 37%-50%, and high · 50%. OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval; n~ = not significant. Adjust- od ORs of students at schools with middle-level binging v students at lower-level schools ate significant at p < .05, and adjusted ORs of students at schools with high levels of hinge drinking v students at schools with low levels are also significant at p < .05 (OR adjusted for age, sex. marital sea- tus, race/ethnicity. and parents' college education). tAnalyse$ ate based on responses of women only. tAraliable marital status was excluded from the adjusted OR. changes during the 2-year period from 1997 to 1999 may be During the same 6 years, the rates of abstaining from alco- more difficult to detect than changes over the years from hol increased from 15.4% to 19.2%. 1993 to 1997. We urge readers to use caution in interpreting Most of the increase in abstention had occurred by 1997. our finding that the rates changed more between 1993 and These patterns of change have resulted in greater polariza- 1997 than between 1997 and 1999. tion in drinking behaviors on campuses. Although 2 out of Finally, the data presented in this article describe all col- 3 students who live in fraternity or sorority houses are binge leges in the sample or college subgroupings. Within these drinkers, I in 3 (33.2%) students who lives in a campus res- national norms, individual colleges may vary extensively. idence hall or dormitory lives in an alcohol-free residence. For example, although the national binge-drinking rate is An additional 12.6% of the respondents who did not cur- 44%, the rate ranged from less than 1% at the lowest binge rently live in such housing indicated that they would like to school to 76% at the highest. live in alcohol-free quarters. From 1993 to 1999, the proportion of binge drinkers Findings and Conclusion remained very similar for almost all subgroups of students Surveys of representative samples of college students at and in all types of colleges. The same types of students who 119 colleges in 39 states in 1993, 1997, and 1999 have had the highest rates of binge drinking in 1993 and 1997 yielded remarkably similar rates of binge drinking over the continued to have those high rates in 1999. Among the stu- past 6 years. Two of 5 college students were classified as dents most likely to binge drink were fraternity or sorority binge drinkers in each of the three surveys. Although no house residents and members of Greek organizations and change occurred in the overall binge-drinking rate, the students who were White, male, and were binge drinkers in nature of drinking among students who drink has become high school. The students least likely to binge drink contin- more extreme, with a significant increase in heavier drink- ued to be African American or Asian, aged 24 years or older. ing throughout the entire 6 years. We noted increases in the married, and who were not binge drinkers in high school. number of frequent binge drinkers between 1993 and 1999, The only exception to the lack of change in binge drink- as well as in the proportion of students who were drunk ing during the 6-year period related to place of residence. three or more times, who drank on 10 or more occasions, Binge-drinking rates decreased among students living in who usually binged when they drank, and who drank to get dormitories and increased among students living off cam- drunk. Among drinkers, the proportion of frequent binge pus. This finding may be important in understanding current drinkers increased from 23.4% in 1993 to 28.1% in 1999. efforts at prevention of high-risk drinking. 208 JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH BINGE DRINKING IN THE 1990s in recent years, some debate has. occurred about the enough to change behavior. In our opinion, we need more rivalfour measure of hinge drinking (five drinks for men, support from additional. complementa...r~v initiatives. Prc- four for women).$7 Does it overstate the problem or label vention efforts must work on the alcohol supply, and they nonnativc behavior as deviant? Findings from ~is study must increase the involvement of role models, those who continue to show that students who drink at these levels, shape opinions. and policy makers beyond the college particularly those who do so more than once a week, expe- campus, including community members and students' ricncc a far higher rate of problems than other students. For families. example, frequent. binge drinkers are likely to miss classes The finding that binge drinking decreased among stu- (OR = 16.9), to vandalize property (OR = 9.7), and to drive dents living on campus but increased among those living off after drinking (OR = 7.6). Indeed, the frequent bingc campus may reflect the current focus of prevention efforts. drinkers arc also more likely to experience 5 or more dif- Wiffiout involving the community and ~e way alcohol is ferent alcohol-related problems (OR = 21.1). marketed, efforts to decrease bingc drinking may simply Students on campuses that have many binge drinkers displace it. experienced higher rates of secondhand problems, corn- A comprehensive approach to student bingc drinking pared with students on campuses with lower rates of binge should consider such factors as drinking. Students who did not bingc drink and lived on high-binge campuses were twice as likely to report being · Alcohol marketing, outlet density, price, special pro- motions, and the volume in which alcohol is sold. assaulted, awakened, or kept from studying by drinking stu- · Drinking history of students before ~ey come to col- dents ~an were nonbinge drinkers and abstainers at low- !ege. Working with high schools to decrease bingc drinking bingc campuses. A student who did not bingc drink on a should result in reducing the problem in colleges. high-bingc campus was 3 times more likely than his or her · Assuring alcohol-free social and recreational activities counterpart on a low-bingc campus to report at least one secondhand effect. These findings indicate that students for students on weekends so that ~ey have more to do than who drink at the binge level create problems for themselves just "party." · Increasing educational demands in terms of Friday and for other students at their colleges. Indeed. we have pre- classes and exams to reduce the length of the weekend and viously reported that frequent binge drinkers consumed two thirds of all the alcohol college students drink. They also provide full-time education for full-time tuition. accounted for more than three fifths of the most serious · Enacting control policies and enforcing them. re, cog- alcohol-related problems on campus. nizing that the heaviest bingc drinkers will not change unless forced to do so. These students do not think they Some Future Thoughts:. Going Beyond the Data have a drinking problem. They consider themselves mod- erate drinkers, and they are not ready to change. They may In a companion article in this issue, we report on a sur- require an offer they cannot refuse. "Three strikes and vey of college administrators' views and actions in dealing you're out" (a punishment appropriate to the level of the with hinge drinking.~8 Their responses indicate that they violation) and parental notification may be strategies need- have a great deal of concern about student drinking and that ed for these students. Although social marketing may be most colleges are taking actions to address the problem. effective for some students (eg. those who are less com- Why, then, do rates of binge drinking continue to be this milled to the binge-drinking lifestyle), it may not succeed high? Why do we find an increase in the most extreme with others. forms of drinking? Perhaps not enough time has passed since the initial studies attracted attention to the serious Finally, there are no magic solutions. Just as no single problem of college alcohol abuse for change to occur. technique applies to all students, no single approach applies Another explanation may be related to the types of to all colleges. Colleges differ in the roles that factors, such actions college officials are taking. Almost all colleges as fraternities, intercollegiate athletics, and drinking Iraall- employ educational approaches to effect change. Certainly lions, play on campus, as well as in the academic demands that is an appropriate strategy for academic institutions. Yet, they make on student performance and the options that stu- we know that most students have received information dents have for recreation and social life. Alcohol control about drinking and that those groups with the highest hinge- laws and their enforcement differ in the state and local corn- drinking rates (athletes and fraternity members) have munities in which colleges are located. All of these factors received the most information (Nelson TF, Wechsler H, must be taken into consideration in planning a comprehen- unpublished data, 1999)?9 Although these educational pro- sire response to student hinge drinking. grams are reaching the right target audiences, they have not resulted in decreased binge drinking and we cannot expect ACKNOWLEDGMENT this strategy to accomplish this difficult task by itself. This study was supported by the Robert Wood Johnson Founda- The apparent inadequacy of even targeted educational tion. We gratefully acknowledge the assistance of the Center for Survey Research of the University of Massachusetts. Boston; Dr efforts to change problem drinking among high-risk Anthony M. Roman, for conducting the mail survey; Jeff Hunsen groups is not surprising. Public health is increasingly rec- and Mark Seibring. for the preparation of the data; and Toben Nel- ognizing that education and information alone are not son and Dr Elissa Wcitzman. for the preparation of the manuscript. VOL 48, MARCH 2000 209 COLLEGE HEALTH NOTE 8. Douglas KA, Collins JL, Warren C, et d. Results from the ' For further information, please address communications to 1995 National College Health Risk Behavior Survey. J,4~ Coil Hem7 Wcchslcr, PhD, Department of Hcalffi and Social Behavior, Health. 1997;46(2):55-66. Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, 9. Wechsler H, Dowdall G, Davenport A, Rimm E. A gender- MA 02115 (e-mail: hwechsle@hsph.harvard.edu). specifsc measure of binge drinking among college students. Am J Public Health. 1995;85:982-985. 10. Liang KY, Zeger SL- Longitudinal data analysis using gen- REFERENCES eralized linear models. Biometrik. 1992;73:12-22. I. Wechsler H, Davenport A, Dowdall G, Moeykens B, Castft- I 1. Zeger St., Liang KY, Albert PS. Models for longitudinal Io S. Health and behavioral consequences of binge drinking in col- data: A generalized estimating equation approach. Biometrics. lege: A national survey of students at 140 campuses. JAMA. 1988;44:!049-1060. 1994;272(21):!672-1677. 12- US Dept of Education. Digest of Education Statistics. 2. Wechsler H, Isaac N. "Binge" drinkers at Massachusetts Washington, DC: National Center of Educational Statistics; 1998. colleges: Prevalence, drinking style, time trends, and associated 13. Frier MC, Bell RM, Ellickson PL. Do Teens Tell the Truth? problems..lAMA. 1992;267:2929-2931. The Validity of Self-Report Tobacco Use by Adolescents. Santa 3. Wcchsler H, Molnar B, Davenport A, Bacr J. College alco- Mortlea, CA: RAND; 1991. RAND publication N-3291-CHF. hol use: A full or empty glass? J Am Coil Health. 1999;47 14. CoopcrAM, Sobell MB, Sobell LC, Maisto SA. Validity of (6):247-252. alcoholics' self-reports: Duration data. !nt J Addict. 1981;16: 4. Wcchslcr H, Davenport A, Dowdall G, Grossman S, 401-406. Zanakos S. Bingc drinking, tobacco, and illicit drug use and in- 15. Midanik L. Validity of self-report alcohol use: A literature volvement in college athletics: A survey of students at 140 Amcr- review and assessment. Brit J Addict. 1988;83: 1019-1030. ican colleges. JAm Coil Health. 1997;45(5):195-200. 16. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Youth Risk 5. Johnston LD, O'Mallcy PM, Baclunan JG. 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Alcohol pus design a campaign against student alcohol abuse. Change. In and Drugs on American College Campuses: Use, Consequences, press. and Perceptions of the Campus Environment. Vol IV.' 1992-94. 20. Barron's Profiles of American Colleges. Hauppauge, NY: Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University; 1996. 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' -dns uI inJasn aq ue3 smem!asa asa~ 'alqelleae - ~ -ossg msoD aq~ jo smeml;sa 'amla asa~J aq~ ~o~ · smalqo~d [epos pug q~ieaq snouas (~,,, f~ ul salnsa~ ualJo om lie gu~upp ~laq~ pue--~upp liTIs aldoad ~unoX 3eql ~eap s~ 1~ '~a.~a~oH ~ l'sauqmej o~Jeal 000'LI ueql paluaAa~d  _ ~ ~. : ~ s ~" 'smalqo~d pmela~ gunua~aad pue asn loqo3le 2 ~ ,.......-,~ %. . -' ..... age~apun gu!~npa~ ~% ~aleJ~s l%ssa~ns .... ...... ,' ; ~,; ..... ,...,-,: N I11' Iq ] HI Pacific Institute FOR RESEARCH AND EVALUATION egu atory Strategies =or reventi g Youta ½ .ccess to } co ao: 5est 9ractices ~ ' Prepared for the '""~: "" OJJDP National Leadership Conference ~ ,~~ July 11 --14, 1999 ' "~ ~ ~ Sheraton Reston Hotel t :, 11810 Sunrise Valley Drive Reston, VA 201 91 ~ ". In support of the , OJJDP Enforcing the Underage Drinking' Laws. Program vi Regulatory Strategies for Preventing Youth Access to Alcohol Best Practices Each section of the guide includes "best practice" recommendations. By scanning the best practices, a State or community can identify gaps and areas for improvement, as well as strengths upon which effective enforcement campaigns can be built. Following are the best practices for each regulatory category. Commercial availability Best Practice #1: Ban commercial sales and gifts to minors. Prohibit all commercial sales, gifts, or other methods of furnishing alcohol to minors without exception, and provide vendors an affirmative defense regarding apparently valid, but false, identification. Best Practice #2: Restrict the location of alcohol outlets. Create buffer zones that extend at least 1,000 feet to separate alcohol outlets from schools, youth facilities, and residential neighborhoods; that can be applied retroactively; and that permit only limited exceptions based on local circumstances. Best Practice #3: Restrict alcohol sales at community events. Strictly limit alcohol sales and alcohol industry sponsorships at youth- and family-oriented community events; impose strict conditions designed to reduce youth access at special events where alcohol is sold. Best Practice if4: Restrict the age of alcohol servers and sellers. Require that all retail alcohol outlet employees who are engaged in the sale or service of alcohol be at least 21 years of age. Best Practice #5: Restrict minors' access to bars and nightclubs. Prohibit minors from entering bars and nightclubs, which should be clearly distinguished from restaurants. Regulatory Strategies for Preventing Youth Access to Alcohol vii Best Practice #6: Install and use drivers license scanners. Create easy-to-inspect and difficult-to-alter State drivers licenses and identification cards, and require the installation and use oldrivers license scanners by all alcohol retailers over a phase-in period. Best Practice #7: Regulate home delivery and Internet/ mail-order sales. Prohibit home delivery of alcohol, and either prohibit or strictly regulate Intemet/mail-order alcohol sales. Best Practice #8: Mandate responsible beverage service programs. Initiate, and over time, mandate communitywide responsible beverage service programs designed in conjunction with compliance checks and other policy interventions. Best Practice #9: Carry out compliance check programs. Institute comprehensive compliance check programs that are ongoing and communitywide; include a media advocacy component, and follow strict guidelines to ensure fairness. Best Practice #10: Impose appropriate penalties for commercial violations. Impose strict administrative penalties on retail licensees for violations of sales-to-minors laws, which increase with severity for repeated offenses. Complement administrative penalties in serious cases by permitting civil liability lawsuits against licensees based on common law negligence principles and by imposing criminal sanctions. Social/public availability Best Practice #11: Restrict noncommercial furnishing of alcohol to minors. Prohibit any person from furnishing alcohol to a minor, with very few exceptions. viii Regul~tory Strategic9 for Preventing Youth Access to Alcohol Best Practice #12: Implement beer keg registration. Enact beer keg registration laws that apply to beer containers of 4 gallons larger; require a minimum $50 deposit and technology that deters identification tag removal. Best Practice #13: Implement "shoulder-tap" enforcement programs. Implement shoulder-tap enforcement programs to deter adult strangers firore buying alcohol for minors. Programs should target problematic locales. Instruct retailers regarding their role in preventing shoulder tapping; if the practice continues repeatedly outside a retail establishment and the retailer refuses to take action despite instruction and warning, utilize public nuisance regulations to impose sanctions. Best Practice #14: Implement teen party ordinances. Prohibit teen drinking parties at private residences, and impose fines and fees on homeowners or renters for law enforcement services. Best Practice #15: Restrict and monitor teen parties at motels and hotels. Develop community programs to ensure that teen parties do not occur in hotels and motels; ifminibars are permitted, the establishments should be required to strictly monitor their use by young people. Best Practice #16: Establish alcohol restrictions in public locations. Prohibit or strictly limit alcohol consumption and open containers in unsupervised public locations such as beaches, parks, parking lots, and recreation facilities. Require hosts who serve alcohol at private functions in these venues to obtain permits that include responsible beverage service guidelines and a refundable deposit to cover any enforcement costs. Best Practice #17: Apply appropriate penalties to illegal transactions in noncommercial settings. Impose civil penalties where applicable; impose a range of criminal penalties and civil liability, either separately or in addition to applicable civil penalties. To increase the penalties' deterrent effects, establish stxeamlined procedures for imposing sanctions in eases that do not involve serious community disruption, large teen parties, or bodily injury. Regulatory Strategies for Preventing Youth Access to Alcohol ix Minors in possession of alcohol Best Practice #18: Ban possession by minors in public and private locations. Prohibit possession by minors (unless incidental to employment) in public and private locations, with a possible exception in private residences when a parent or spouse is present. Best Practice #19: Use "Cops in Shops" programs sparingly. Use "Cops in Shops" programs only for limited targeting of retail outlets popular with youth purchasers and to establish a working relationship with retailers; use as a first step toward implementing a comprehensive prevention strategy that includes a compliance check program. Best Practice #20: Implement and enforce zero-tolerance laws. Prohibit minors with any measurable blood alcohol level from driving a motor vehicle; authorize immediate seizure of the young offender's drivers license at the scene of arrest as part of an administrative license revocation procedure. Best Practice #21: Ban false identification. Prohibit the production, distribution, possession, and use of false identification. Increase the use of identification that can be scanned using a magnetic reader, and encourage or require scanning by merchants. Best Practice #22: Apply appropriate penalties to minors in possession. Impose administrative license revocation and other administrative and civil penalties where applicable, for violations of zero-tolerance laws. Establish streamlined criminal procedures, and experiment with nontraditional forms of punishment. In more serious eases, impose criminal penalties applicable to the crimes committed as a result of youth possession and purchase. Resist proposals to increase the severity of Criminal penalties for youth possession or purchase not associated with other crimes. · THi '.X \'' JOHNSON FOUnTION For m~ ,re information, contac~ Linda Lotanger at 301-~52-15~8 (o) or 30 1-681-3793 (h), or Prabhu Ponk~hc, 301 -652-I 5~8 (o) or 703-288-4325 (h) HOLD FOR I~LBASE WITH A.M. PAPBRS O~ober 5, 1998 NEW SURVEY SHOWS OVERWHELMING MAJORITY 0 F AMF. RICANS SUPPORT TOUGH POLICIES TO PREVENT TEEN I ,RINKING Majority of Sur~ey Respondents Favor Stricter Controls on Alcohoj Sales, Advertising and Promotion; i~rould Ban or Restrict Drinking in City Streets. Stad.;urns- aM at Beaches PRINCETON, NJ- An overwhelmlug majority of Americans view underage drinking as a sigx~caat problem and support measures that would hell~ reduce tten ,Irinking, according to a hey,- survey released today by The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. k. fact, 96 percent of sun'ey respondents said they are concerned about t~n drinldng. This o~ erwhelraing support for strong measures to prevent teen drinking cuLs across all d~nographic lin,:s including age, gender, ethrdcity, political ideology and g~ographic regions. The natiotlal survey indicates that Americans world support a wide variety of policies aimed at curbing underage drinking, including restrictions on drinking ir~ public places, stricter controls on alcohol sales, advertising and promotions, and bans on ccrta! n types of alcohol sales, such as home delivery. Americans would also favor raising alcohol taxcs to pay for alcohol prevention and treatment programs. The survey and resulting report were based on the responses of 5,021 people between April and October of 1997. Sampling error for items from this survey is plus or minus 2 percent based on a 95% confidence interval. The survey was conducted by Matt .ematica Policy Research, Inc., under the direction of Alexander C. Wagenaar, Ph.D., director of tl te Alcohol Epidemio log), Program at the University of Minnesota. "Underage drinking is a vast problem with grave consequences. It is a factor in nearly half of all teen automobile crashes, the leading'cause of death among te. :ns. Beyond that, alcohol contributes to suicides, homicides and fatal injuries, and is a factor in s~ xual assaults and date rapes. Obviously, something needs to be done to avoid thee serious problems," said R%VJF vice president Nancy Kaufman. "Clearly, Americans are not interested in returning to the days of prohibition, but this survey demonstrates that the American public is ccncemed and wants to see policies put in place that will help prevent our teenagers from drinking. ' R,,urc I .~nd College Road Fast P,,sc O~c;c Bo~ 2~lG Pr, ncccon. Ncw Jersey 0~.4J-2~16 (609) 4~2-~70t c-m~l: -2- Eighty-two percent ofrespondents would be willing to raise alcotR.l taxes by 5 cents per drink if the funds were used to pay for progr~m~ tO prevent millon from d .inking and to increase alcohol treaUnent program,. Nearly three-quarters C70 per~nt) w ~uld support the tax if it were used to lower other taxes such as income taxes. Just 37 percent va~ld support the increase [fit were used to pay for any govermnent program and not targerbil tO tax relief or alcohol prevention. More than half ofrespondents favored restrictions on alcohol advertising, with 63 percent favorLug ban.~ on billhoard advertising, 67 percent opposing the use of cartoons or youth-oriented music materials on alcoholic beverage packaging and 59 percent banning 'he use of sports teams and athletes as symbols in advertising. Twv-thirds of all respondeats world ban all advertisement of hard liquor on TV, and 61 percent would ban all adverti.. eraeat of beer and wine onTV. ' One of the mor~ significant findings from the survey wa~ the fact 'hat an overwhelming majority ofrespondents (g2 percent) believe that stores and bars are too hx in preventing tcenagers from buying alcohol. Over three-quarters of survey respondents favored setting a min{tnum age re. xl~ent of 21 for servers. Nearly 90 percent of all reg ondents favored training for both owners and sewers regarding how to better deal with dnnken customers and The survey also indicates that respondeats believe that the adults 1 ,roviding alcohol to teens, as well as the teens themselves, are responsible for the problem as sociated with teen drinking. Almost three-quarters of respondents agreed that punishment ~'ould help deter youth drinking. Given this, more than 83 percent supported penalties for adults who provide alcohol to underage drinkers and 66 percent supported compliance checks on alcohc I distributors. Other significant findings highlighted by the sun, ey: * More than 89 percent of respondents would support restrictions on drinking alcoholic beverages on city streets, at parks and on college campuses. Mot,', than 80 percent would restrict drinking at concerts and beaches, while 77 percent would Favor restrictions at sports stadiums. * Survey respondents favored a variety of regulations on the sale ar.d distribution of alcohol. Over 60 percent supported registration numbers for beer kegs that would make the keg traceable to the person who bought it. Fifty-nine percent favored banning home delivery of alcohol, but just 31 percent favored banning the sale c f beer kegs for individual use. Less than half oft he respondents (40 percent) su~ ,potted ban~ on "happy hours ." * Three-<tuar, ers ofre,sponclents favored a "z~o-tolerance" policy fo: young drivers where a teenager would be p~mi~hed if he/she tested positive for any amom Lt of alcohol in their blood. Women were most supportive (80%), with men less suppol tive (66%). * Nearly halfofall respondents said that someone close to them had a drinking problem, and 23 percent reported knowing someone who had been seriously injured by a drunk driver. Republicans and Democrats responded alike to almost all of the questions. Republicans were as likely as Democrats to agree with statements suggesting more pol' cies to prevent teenage drinking. "Whether Democrat or Republican, liberal or conservative, citizen ~ across the country clearly want effective regulation of alcohol promotion and sales," said W~genaar. "Building safe and healthy conunities requires it." The survey was commissioned by The Robert Wood Johnson Fouz tcla~on as part of its collaboration with the American Medical Association on two programs th tt seek to confront the issues and problems associated with youth and alcohol, and cr~te solutions through environmental change. Reducing Underage DrinklnE seeks to decrease ur.derag¢ drinking and alcohol-related pwblems among youth. A Matter of Degree works to rcdt a:e binge drinking in 10 collcge-carapus communities and the many pwblems associated with it, ir.cluding alcohol poisoning deaths, car crash fatalities, injuries, suicide, sexual assault and cnther physical violence, property damage, academic fai/ure and other harmful behavior. The Robert Wood Johnson Founda~on is the nation's l~ge. st philn athropy supporting health and heath care in the United States. The Foundation concentrates. ts grantmaking in three goal areas: {l) to assure that all Americans have access to basic health car: at reasonable cost; (2) to improve the way services are organized and pwvided to people with chronic health conditions; and (3) to reduce the personal, social and economic harm caused by subst~mce abuse - tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drugs. OCT 01 '98 el:gSPN FLCOH)I_ ,~ OTI-E'R T.~J; P.5/17 The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Youth Access to Alcohol Survey Summary SURVEY PURPOSE: The Youth Access to Alcohol Survey was designed to measure public a~t<les opinions of adults on a brvsd range of alcohol pelicies and issues related to youth under the U. S. legal ~-in,lclng age of 21. Survey results will aid in assessing tmblie knowledge of, allinhales towartls, snd levels of support for a variety of alcohol_related problems, policies, and F~venfion efforts affecting youth. The survey covets the foLlowlag topics: * public concern and awaw, ntss ofaleahol-t~lamd probl~a,s affecting youth; · public knowledge and beliefs relattxi to alcohol eonu-ol; · public support for youzh/alcohol targeted policy proposals (e.g., access restfictions, reguhtion of seller/server behavior, eaforcetneat and penalties, restrictions on advertising, ere-); and · alcohol consumption behaviors aad demographic inform,j:ioa $s.soeiat~d with attituctes and opinion,s, SURVEY RF-SEARCHF-R$ SmffoE the University of~ta's Alcohol F_.pidemiology Program, tinclef the direction of AIcxa~er C. Wagenaar, PILD. an~ staff of M,thematica Policy Inc., under the direction ot' Charles E. Dev. k, Ph.D., collaborated on the survey. METHODOLOGY: · Conducted bctw~r, April anct Octchar 1997 · Compux~r-assis~ tel~hong: * SankDis seAs~.~t d~'Dug, h ~-nd4>m ~git dialing · 7.021 p,m'sons fnmm th~ U.S. m-~ni,,,,d populalion ~ surv,~y.~l · M~t~od~y of study sample ~s fema!~ (~3% compa~ m 47/. men), white and ram-deal (61%), which ze~.s ~s demog~aphios of~ U.S. ad~k po~pu!alion · Averags age of ~oc~ who lm~dd~ v,'~ 4~ y~.~s an:l ne~r~y (59%) w~-~ a8~ 3] o~ older · De..mo~a~s in th~ ~znpl~ were 3~%, Republicans w~ ~ and In~pend~z~s were 29% , Non-drinkers were 32%, infrequent cb:ink~'s were 39%, regular drinkers weTe 26% and heavy drinkers were · SamplinS cn'o~ is plus or minus 2% based on a 95% confidenc~ in~rval Daverse, lnc. 111 East College Street Iowa City, Iowa 52240 Phone 338-6177 Fax 358-2128 Q April 11 2000 Iowa City City Council Members Dear Members, Enclosed please fmd some helpful information on some other educated opinions on the survey that was done on Binge and Underage Drinking. Here are two websites that you can visit on the subject: www.2.potsdam.edu/alcohol info and www.brad21.org. The first is the site I downloaded the facts sheet from. The second web site is an educational site. ..something the Stepping Up committee members should look at--it is a positive site talking about how to avoid alcohol-related deaths like Brad' s on his 21 st birthday. Underage and Binge drinking is a complex problem that can not be solved with more laws or more police enforcement-we have enough of both--EDUCATION is the key. I truly believe that the Stepping Up project has lost its focus on the issues they are facing. We all know that passing a strict 21 law for entrance into local bars, restaurants, and nightclubs will not help solve the underage and binge drinking problems in Iowa City, it will only make it worse! 1 ) This type of ordinance has failed miserably in Ames, and in Cedar Falls they got rid of their 21 law because it was a failure there also. 2) Fake I.D.' s, which are already a big problem, will become much worse. 3) Itwillmove 18,19,and 20 year olds out to the residential and rental neighborhoods, increasing drank driving, public urination, domestic and sexual assaults, public intoxication, etc. 4) Unregulated keg parties will become the popular place for underage adults to gather and more alcohol related problems, like a binge drinking, will sharply increase due to no one there to control the alcohol consumption. I could go on and on with problems a strict 21 law would create, but I will stop here for now. A small number of "problem under age adults" are giving all the young adults a bad name. The vast majority of young adults I deal with every night obey the current laws on the books. These young adults want to come downtown to socialize, play pool, dance, watch sports on the big screen TV's, eat burger baskets, hot wings, etc. I could go on and on with all the reasons young adults come downtown, but I won't. We all know why, they want to have fun! Do not vote to increase drunk driving, underage drinking, and fake 1D use. Do not pass a strict ?. 1 law for entrance into downtown business establishments. Let the downtown entertainment centers do their job of providing a place for young adults to gather where they are supervised by T.I.P.S trained servers, Door staff that check ID' s, and Security staff that keep thin~s under control. 2> ~ ~'-r'~ Sincerely, Dave Moore Co owner of the Fieldhouse Restaurant and Nightclub and (the future) College Street Billiard Club and Deli In the News Page 3 Go To Index SURVEY MISLEADS PUBLIC Research on American college student drinking conducted by Henry Wechsler of Harvard University is misleading the public, according to a national leader in alcohol abuse prevention efforts. Wechsler has defined bingeing in such a way that a student who has never even been intoxicated can be labeled a binger. This is totally inconsistent with the way the word is used by both clinicians and the public. The Director of the Higher Education Center for Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention, Dr. William DeJong, says that Wechsler's use of the word binge is misleading. "He's taken a term that the public associates with an out-of-control, multiday bender" and misused it. Dr. DeJong explains that "What that communicates to the public, in a headline is that almost half of the students are out of control in their drinking. If you go on campus, most students will say that is nuts." And, of course, research clearly demonstrates that they are right. Dr. DeJong emphasizes that falsely labeling students as bingers demonizes tham and is counter-productive in reducing alcohol abuse. It actually makes the problem worse. To learn why, see Binge_Drinking llttp://WWWZ,.pLlL~$Clalll. eULl/ilit;OllOi-llll0/lll 1 III~IN~WS/III 1 IlelN~W~.3 .[ILIIH J/.31J/tJLt Binge Drinking The bottom line is that by exaggerating the extent of so-called binge drinking, this research may be part of the problem rather than the solution. B_a_c_k t~o.~Tgp___of Paac SURVEY'S ACCURACY QUESTIONED Henry Wechsler's "Harvard Study" of American college students may be inaccurate. The President of the American Council on Education and member of the original panel of advisors to the research, Dr. Sheldon Steinbach, stresses that "Other studies indicate that alcohol consumption among college students is not as great as this study would suggest." Federally funded studies at research centers across the country repeatedly find reductions in the proportion of American college students who drink and in both the quantity and frequency of their consumption. The Wechsler research is funded by an organization that promotes and financially supports abstinence, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. Back to Top~_o_f Pa~e NE~,, ,~ L;LAS.~~ BENEFITS OF MODERAT]ON BECIN IN EARLY ADULTHOOD 3 A new study has found that among young adults, moderate drinkers experience lower levels of poor general health, long-term illness, and psychological distress when compared to abstainers and heavy drinkers. Published in the prestigious llttp.//WWWZ,.pUL~JUitlII.~UIMHIC, UIIOI-IlllU/III 1 II{$1NCW~/tII 1 [I~IN~W~S.~ .[ItIlll 3/..1U/ULI medical journal, The Lancet, the study examined nearly 10,000 men and women at age 23 and again at age 33. While the association of moderate alcohol consumption with health benefits has long been well documented among middle-aged and older adults, this study is one of the first to study the relationship among young adults. The researchers plan to follow the progress of these subjects as they progress through the life .~ycle. Ba~K_to Top of Pagg - ~- ~; ~'~ NE\',S L:L-~S~' -::- ~ ' .-Z' COLLEGE ALCOHOL ABSTENTION UP 16% 4 Another study has confirmed the results of all other major research by finding an increase in alcohol abstention among college students. The federally funded CORE Institute at Southern Illinois University has conducted surveys of college students in the United States since 1989. Data released by CORE indicate a 16% increase in abstention among collegians between the periods of 1989- 1991 and 1995-1997. Back to Tol~p_f_e_aR¢ COLLEGE STUDENTS DRINK LESS THAN THOUGHT s Using Breathalyzers, researchers at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill found that most college students "simply don't drink as much as everyone seems to think they do." Breathalizer results from 1,790 students as they returned home from 10:00 p.m. to 3:00 a.m. on all nights of the week reveal that surprisingly few students had I1LLF://WWWzLFULSG!aIII.J~ULYi~JC, UIIC)I-IIIIO/IlI 1 III~INt~WS/III l II~J.N~W~S..} .IltllH ..~/..~U/UU measurable traces of alcohol in their systems. Even on the traditional p~a~yS__n~ightS~ of !hutsday, Frj~q~- and Saturday, 66% of the students returned home with absoluCely no blood alcohol content. "]~ no~ ~urpr~ed ~ aB t~e~e result/~ ~a~d Ro5 Po~ ~ana~er o[ co~~ ~ for the UNC Highway Safe~ Research Center, which conducted the $350~0' s~y ~th funding from the National Highway Tra~c Safe~ Administration an~'~'~e -~ .~ North Carolina Governor's Highway SafeW Program. "Other Breatha!~S~di~ we have done ~th driven and recreational boaters show similar results - ~" " drin~ng than is generally believed. We have substanfiM mispercepfions a~ut ~ alcohol use in t~s count~." Back to Tol) of Pa~¢ FEWER YOUNG ARE HEAVY DRINKERS 6 The proportion of 12 to 17 year olds in the United States who drink heavily dropped over one-half (over 50%) between 1985 and 1997. Dr. H. Wesley Clark, director of the National Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, credits this dramatic drop to such things as an increase in health consciousness, increased public education, and greater parental involvement. Back to Top,9_f p_a_q~e COLLEGE ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION AVERAGE "VERY SMALL" ~ ~ WWW /-~t~e~ ~X~t~/ ii~tX)~t)~H~ ~I~ ~ ~3~Nt~W~ ~ ~ ~31N~WSJ ~tIIH The median, or average, number of drinks consumed by college students is 1.5 per week, according to the Harvard School of Public Health College Alcohol Study of 17, 592 students at 140 colleges and universities across the United States. Theauthors of the study describe this cosumption number as "very small." aa_ c~__tg~Top of Pad,_c NE\.~.:S L:L~SE-i. ' ""' .... - --_ , -:- 'r-'~ :: ':L :' ':: FRATERNITY TO CURB ABUSIVE DRINKING. The largest fraternity in the U.S., Sigma Phi Epsilon, is launching a program to promote alcohol responsibility among its 12t,000 members at colleges across the country. In collaboration the Training Intervention Procedures (TIPS) program, the fraternity will teach members to prevent, identify, and deal appropriately with alcohol abuse. The president of Fort Hays State University observed that, "lt has become increasingly clear that attempting to eliminate alcohol as a way to prevent abuse ignores the reality that alcohol will find its way into campus life one way or another. Programs like TIPS attempt to make students more aware of the dangers of irresponsible alcohol consumption and encourage individuals and university administrators to confront the issue in a more realistic manner. Indeed, students have demonstrated that they can be and are responsible." Back to Top of Pa_gc~ DRINKING AT YOUNG AGE DOESN'T CAUSE ALCOHOL ABUSE Early onset of alcohol consumption has sometimes been associated with subsequent alcohol abuse. This has led many people to argue that the way to prevent alcohol lit tp.//WWW-~ .pOtS~JaIll. eat//ltlt:,LilllJl-llllfO/111 1 IICIN I:WS/Ill I tICIN t~W~S.,1. lltlIll 3 / _1L// abuse is to prevent young people from drinking for as long as possible. However, a recent study has concluded that both early onset of drinking and subsequent alcohol abuse are caused by other things. That is, begining to drink at an early age doesn't cause drinking problems. To the contrary, both early drinking and drinking problems appear to be caused by a combination of genetics and environment. In short, genetics and environment appear to be causing both drinking at an early age and drinking problems. Thus, early onset of drinking doesn't cause alcohol abuse. This suggests that programs that manage to delay the onset of early drinking will nevertheless fail to reduce alcohol abuse. And that is exactly what research on the outcomes of such programs has repeatedly demonstrated. Actually, teaching young people to drink in moderation may, in fact, reduce drinking problems · For more information, see Alcohol and Societt.'. Back to ToRof P~e .. AMEMCAN STUDENTS D NK LESS OTHERS A World Health Organization (WHO) report has found that students in the United States don't drink as much alcohol as students in other countries. The research found, for example, that only 23% of American 15-year-olds consume any alcohol as frequently as once a week, compared to over twice that proportion in England (47%), Greece (52%), and Wales (53%). lit tp.//W WWZ .pOtStlalIl. eCttM itlCOllt}l-llll0/lII 1 lieIN CWS/111 1 lieiN CW53. littill -)/J UI UU o The report on Health behaviors of school-aged young people was based on a study of 120,000 students. B_ac_k t0__!01~ of Pa_R¢ C)~ ,..L~ YOUNG ALCOHOL DEATHS~~'' ~ DOWN SHARPLY~ ~ Despite a number of tragic and highly publicized alcohol- related deaths on college campuses, the Federal Center for Disease Control has reported that the number of people aged 15 to 24 who have died from alcohol abuse has fallen almost two-thirds (down 64.4%) between 1979 and 1996, the most recent year for which data are available. The parents of today's young people generally drank much more in college than do their children. The difference is that alcohol poisoning is taken very seriously today and tragedies are much more likely to be widely publicized, according to authorities. Bac_k ALCOHOL USE BY STUDENTS DOWN 12 The proportion of both junior and senior high schools who have consumed any alcohol during the year has dropped again for the third year in a row, according to IILLD.//WWW~.pOLSIliilII.~Cltl/MICOIIOI-IIIIO/III 1 II~IN~WI$/III 1 II~IN~WS_).lltllll JI.3UILILI the PRIDE Survey, a nation-wide study of 138,079 students. In addition, a significant decrease since the previous year was also found in monthly use of any alcohol by both junior and senior high school students across the United States. The Survey, the nation's largest monitor of teen-agers and substances, is designated by federal law as an official measure of substance use by teens. Back to Top of Pa~e YOUTH DRINKING "'," CONTINUES TO DECLINE !3 Drinking among young people continues to drop. For example, the proportion of young people aged 12 through 17 who have consumed any alcohol during the previous month has plummeted from 50% in 1979 to 19% in 1998, according to the federal government's annual National Household Survey on Drug Abuse. Thus, the proportion of young drinkers was over two and one-half times higher in the earlier period than in 1998, the most recent year for which statistics are available. Back to CLEARLY FALSE "FACTS" Although drinking continues to decline on American college campuses, the Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI) incorrectly describes it as a "growing problem," and although so-called binge drinking also continues to drop to new lows, the CSPI falsely asserts that "binge drinking has reached epidemic ' Distorting tac~ can levels in college communities across the country." m In the same short article, the CSPI contends that "95% of violent crime...on campus is alcohol-related, and alcohol is implicated in 90% of all reported rapes," although these erroneous assertions have been totally discredited in a major and widely- known article by investigative reporter Kathy McNamara-Meis. Back to Tol_~f P~g~ lit tp: //W W WZ. po tSUalll. t~UU/alC, OllfOl-llltU/HI 1 II~IN ~W ~J/III 1 II~IN eW ~j.). II tlIH 3/~ L// RESPONSIBLE DRINKERS ARE BINGERS? The New York Times has pointed out an important irony: some researchers define binge drinkers as college students who consume five (or even as few as four) drinks on an occasion. The same students are advised by health educators to be responsible drinkers by pacing themselves at no more than one drink per hour. But since students often attend social events for five or more hours at a time, that consumption rate would label them as bingers. Thus, careful students would be both responsible drinkers and bingers at the same time! The recently-promoted "four or five drinks on an occasion" definition of binge drinking is clearly unrealistic and apparently designed to inflate statistics on bingeing. For more information on alcohol and young people, clich on _Underage Drinking . ., .~ ..~~ Back Ncx~ Pa~ [ . {~ ~; "Alcohol: Problems and Solutions" Site llttp.llWWWL.pOtStlitlll.¢tlIMillCtHlOl-lIHOilll I II{~IN~WS/III 1 II{~INI~WSJ .litlilt JIJVILItJ Return to "Ajcohol: Problep_~ a_nd.~_pl_u__t_ions" M0inpagc C,..~_. c.~ ~"~ j About Your Host /' For comment or more information, contact Prof. David J. Hanson. Ph.D. Sociology Department, State University of New York, Potsdam, NY 13676. Web Design and Graphic Art by... REFERENCES !. Thomas, A., and Powers, S. More college students choosing not to drink. Columbus Dispatch (3/15/00). ~. Gose, Ben. Harvard researchers note an increase in college students who drink heavily. Chronicle of Higher Education (3/15/00). ~!. Power, C., et al. U-shaped relation for alcohol consumption and health in early adulthood and implications for mortality. The Ixmcet, 1998, 352, 913 1. 4. Presley, Cheryl A., Meilman, Philip. and Lylerla, Rob. Alcohol and Drugs on American Campuses: Use, Consequences, and Perceptions of the College Environment. Volume I: 1989-91 (Carbondale, IL: The CORE Institute, 1993); Presley, Cherly A., Leichliter, Jami S., and Meilman, Philip W. Alcohol and Drugs on American Campuses: A Report to College Presidents. Third in a Series: 1995, 1996, and 1997. (Carbondale, IL: The CORE Institute, 1998). -%. Sobering Survey Shows Students Are Not That Drunk. Clarkson Integrator, Sept. 7, 1999, p. 3. Phil Long. Fewer Youths Hard Drinkers. Miami Herald (March 24, 1999). ~7. Wechsler, Henry, Molnar, B~h E., Davenport, Andrea E., and Baer, John S. College Alcohol Use: A Full or Empty Glass? Journal of American College Health, 1999, 47, 247-252. .,';. U.S. fraternity system launches programme to curb abusive drinking in universities. AIM, 1999, 7 (4).P. 3. ~. Prescott, Carol A., and Kendler, Kenneth S. Age at first drink and risk for alcoholism: A noncausal association. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 1999, 23(1), 101 - 107. (In spite of its title, this report examines alcohol problems in addition to alcoholism.) littEL//WWW/--IJOtl~UitlII. I~tltl/itlt;,OIIOI-11110/III 111~INI~WS/III 111~IN~WS.} .lltllll .: ', ;. Associated Press, 1-31-00. The Associated Press. Researchers say college-age drinking is down. January 20, 1999. · PRIDE Survey. News from PRIDE Surveys. September 8, 1999 (press release)· · Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. The 1998 National HousehoM Survey on DrugAbuse. Washington, DC: SAMHSA, 1999, Table 14. Available at www. samhsa.gov. · Center for Science in the Public Interest· Ad recklessly promotes binge drinking culture and undermines colleges' struggle to combat excessive drinking. Booze News, Sept. 10, 1999, 1-2; Me Namara-Mies, K. Burned. Forbes MediaCritic, 1995, 20-24. · The Attack on Campus Drinking. New York Times, Sept. 27, 1999, p. A26 (editorial). llttp.//WWWz.pDtStlitlll. eClLlletIU, C)lltJl-lIliClllIl I llelNeW$/lll 1 llelNeW$.~ .IIIlIH .~131JIIJIJ July 19, 1999 Calif. Town Considering Law on Youth Alcohol Buys The Santa Cruz, Calif., City Council is considering a law that would make it illegal for minors to ask adults to buy them alcohol at liquor stores, the San Jose Mercury News reported July 15. Under existing law, minors cannot possess alcohol and adults are prohibited from giving it to them. The law also prohibits minors from asking bar patrons to buy them an alcoholic drink. The proposed ordinance would prohibit minors from asking liquor store customers to buy them alcohol. Violators would be punished by a $100 fine. If the measure passes, Santa Cruz would be among the first city in California to have a law against "shoulder-tapping," the term commonly used to describe the practice. A heating on the proposed ordinance was delayed because of a full meeting schedule. This article is published by Join Together (!Ltlp://x~x~'.joi~Xtogc_tl!cr.or~. a national resource for communities working to reduce substance abuse and gunviolence based at the Boston University School of Public Health. This story, and 20,000 more just like it, can be added to your website - free. Build your own JTO Direct Web Plugin today (_l)!tpL//L~3x'x~x_.j~_~3 t~oggth~c.r_:gre/~.~_ak~utl_i~o~dircct~plugm~s/,jtodp. hind .). or, get the same content via emil (htjp://www.iointogCJh_er.or~?./:'aboutAjto~djr~cc]/Xj3lOil/frJnkc_sCLht!~313. Reproduction or distribution of this information is encouraged! nttpj/jtouH cct. Hzauu. ozg/ptugn~d LHU cp--Loc i aO--~N~W~UOJCCL_LL~--~D~'~Y~OCrIHn 1 Ill5--tl U¢ 1/I U/UU I am writing express my support for a local ordhaance which would sllow only those of minimum legal drinking age into cl~k~-g establishments. High risk underage ctdnking costs our community dearly in both the economic and social realms. Such an ordinance would save the City in enforcement and dean up costs and increase the a)~lity of life downtown for all citizens. Iowa City is one of very few communities across the state and nation that allows people below the minimum legal drinking age to enter bars. Despite the best intentions of bar owners, it is unzealisdc to expect that under-age patrons will refrain from alcohol consumption once al/owed entrance to the establishment. I feel we must do all we can to assist our young people m making healthy choices and a//owing 18 year old access to bars is inconsistent with this philosophy. Iowa City' prides itself on being a diverse and inviting community. Restricting access to under-age drinkers would drive a vital new hte night market for a population of approximately 10,000 University of Iowa students under the age of 21. It is time for Iowa City to do the right thing and promote healthy choices for our young citizens. Please restrict access to bars to those of minimum legal drinking age. March 29, 2000 326 Douglass St. Iowa City, IA 52246 The Ronorable .rnie Lehman 4] 0 E. Washington St. Iowa City, IA 52240 Dear Mayor Lehman: I have been told that the move to bar minors from Iowa City taverns originated within The University of Iowa Stepping Up program. It displays lack of imagination on the part of the program director. It's a Dubuque Street skywalk approach to excessive drinking. "Binge drinking" is a trumped up boogy man. Both the City and the university should crack down on assault, property damage, and pain in the ass behavior. If persons who are old enough to vote and bear arms for their country want to drink themselves to death, so be it. Thou shalt not punish the responsible consumption of alcohol, regard- less of the age of the consumer. Thou shalt not complicate tavern operation. The hoopla over drunk driving is a campaign by the prude element to shift the burden of motoring safety on to the drinking class. There should be only one traffic law: do somthing stupid and you walk. If motoring were completely desubsidized, all rail - all electric transportation would emerge and DWI would disappear. See Getting There, by Stephen B. Goddard, and SuperTrains, by Joseph Vranich. The UI can curb excessive drinking by making college less stressful: hire Toastmaster approved instructors; restrict mathematics usage to that stated in course prerequisites; refrain from cramming the wisdom of the ages into three semester hours. And it's easy for out of towners to suffer from loneliness. Very truly yours, Robert G. Dostal cc: UI, Pres. Coleman Libertarian Party, Mrs. Welty · ~ me 04-18-00 4d(13) Apr. 4, 2000 CITY OF I0 W,4 CITY Helen E. Nandell 706 5th Avenue Coralville, IA 52241 Dear Mrs. Nandell: I asked our Parks and Recreation Director Terry Trueblood and our Cemetery Supervisor Jim Wonick to look into your concerns about the maintenance of Oakland Cemetery. Terry and Jim looked over the area of your concern. They feel the area is not eroding and the stone markers have not moved. Quite a few areas of grass are a brownish color, which may give the impression of eroding soil from a distance. This color is common at this time of year, as some areas of the grass do not turn green as early as other areas. The Emma Nandell stone to which you refer is in fact protruding out of the ground only a few inches, but has been designed in that fashion. There is one stone that has settled a few inches, but it would cause considerable disturbance to the gravesite if we attempted to raise it because the base is probably three feet deep. It is the lot owner's responsibility to maintain grave markers. It is not always possible to find family members of the deceased, in which case the City makes every attempt to repair grave markers as needed. We do put a great deal of effort into maintaining Oakland Cemetery to make it an important community resource. If you need clarification or would like someone to visit the site with you, please contact our Parks and Recreation Director Terry Trueblood at 356-5110 or Jim Wonick at 356-5105. Sincerely, -- cc: City Council Terry Trueblood Jim Wonick mgdltr/nandelldoc dl0 EAST WASHINGTON STREET · IOWA CITY, IOWA 52240-1826 · (319) 356-5000 · FAX (319) 356-:S009 730 HAWKINS DRIVE · IOWA CITY, IA 52246-2509 · PHONE: 319-356-4578 ° Fg×: 319-353-6873 www. vh.org/Welcome/UIHC/RonaldMcDonald/TOC.html ° mchouse@uihc.uiowa.edu RONALD MCDONALD HOUSE IOWA CITY April 10, 2000 Iowa City City Council Civic Center 410 E. Washington Street Iowa City, IA 52240-1826 Dear City Council Members, We would like to invite you to participate in the 16th annual Ronald McDonald House Race on Saturday, May 6, 2000. It will begin at 8:30 a.m. with a 1-mile Run/Walk that will be followed by the 5K Run/Walk at 9:15 a.m. and the 30-yard dash for children ages 3, 4, and 5 years old. The race will start and finish at the Pomerantz Family Pavilion entrance of the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics. Ronald McDonald will be presenting awards and conducting drawings for door prizes. In the past, 400 - 450 people have participated in the Race. Last year, this event raised $9,998 for the Iowa City Ronald McDonald House. The Ronald McDonald House is a safe, supportive "home away from home" for families of children receiving critical medical care in Iowa City. It has served more than 11,000 families since opening in 1985. The annual rate of occupancy has been 90% or greater for the past 14 years. No one is turned away due to an inability to pay the nominal evening fee. We look forward to seeing all of the members of the Iowa City City Council at this year' s Race! If you have any questions please contact us at 356-3912. Thank You, Josh Taustein Beck 6k Marketing Intern oordinator blouse, th 't' love, bui/'ff... Madan Karr From: Welty [red.oaks@worldnet.att.net] Sent: Thursday, April 06, 2000 1:23 AM To: I.C. Council-hard copies Subject: Your views on alcohol ordinance To Iowa City Councillors: I have posted a web page about the alcohol and young adult issue. it is at ~http://Ipjc. home.att.net Click the "SAVE DE BARS" link. The web page will supply as much local info on this topic as T can put together. I would really like to post your current opinions on the topic, so people can address their concerns to you in an informed way. I'd update your opinion page any time you want it updated. If you want to participate, please tell me what you want posted. Thank you. Christy Ann Welty, Chair Libertarian Party of 3ohnson County 4/6/2000 Libertarian Party of johnson County Home Page Page 1 of 3 The Party of Principle... with Liberty and Justice for All Live Find L some i, The Libertarian Party of JohnsonLove Fun i County 'Laughh * * S AVE ;DE ;BARS * * Raise your voice with ours and ROAR! Newest stuffi * LOts of publicity la~ely! * New poll, see below * Friends of liberty... loving, laughing, here and now . .. for truth frees us all. We FriendS., of Liberty P[oj~t~ Libert~m! ~n~ipl~ Chat Campaigns 5Libertafian Politics (& links to y~gipna! sk~) Threads ! V o t e ! Where We Stand on Issues This Month's Poll Calendar Ypung ~d5~!!~ and bars ESsays, Thoughts, Stories County Poll Results Cities Visitor comments welcome GuesSbook Schools See visitor comments Homes History of LPJC ~...q~!p~ Members Only http ://lpj c. home. att. net/ 4/6/2 0 0 0 Libertarian Party of Johnson County Home Page Page 2 of 3 S U P P O R T Join Volunteer Donate News &Media t ............................................S..i.te;il~/~3/s~B;% Siteupdated ...... April 3, 2000 i~ ~ ~!P Tree o Thank you for notifying the webma~[ of errors, omissions, and suggestions. Support.~? vote, .y01untge.[,_ Donat_e Main index Current projects All projects Campaigns Writings News Chat Threads Guestbook Bio sketches Calendar Site tree Search the site All the material on this website belongs to the authors who generated it. It is therefore copyrighted as original material, unless otherwise noted. Author's permission is required before copying anything published here, unless otherwise noted. Credit is given to attthors wherever possible. If you see work that is not correctly credited, please notify the webmaster so I can ~nake corrections. Webrings Here are some webrings to stimulate ideas and debate. Some sites may support your ideas. Some sites may refute your ideas. I hope they take you into and out of your comfort zone. I hope they make you examine your assumptions. I hope they help create dialog on this site. LPJC endorses no other websites except (1) the national Libertarian Party, and (2) the state LPIA (Libertarian Party of Iowa). previous 5 Site~s lPreyious I Next lNext 5 Si.t.es[Random Site lList Sites ] Join Libertarian Ring member site ~'~ hmis. com Member of the Liberty Activist Web Ring This The Real !~iberta~an Webring site is owned by Christy Ann ~.::~ Welty, Chair Send mail to !~ibertaria~ P~o.fJohnSg~! County.(Iowa). ~ Want to join the The Re~! Liber2tarian Webring? ~ [Skip Prey] [Prey] [Next] [Skip. Next] [Random] [Next 5] [List ::':~ http ://lpj c.home. att.net/ 4/6/2000 Libertarian Party of Johnson County Home Page Page 3 of 3 The Real Politi. C.a!!y Incorrect webring This webring exposes political correcthess for the fraud that it is and advocates universal values of individual freedom, free speech, and equal rights for all. 1N~ext Site I [Prev Site I [ Skip Next I [ Random I [ Next 5 Sites !~iSt,Sites ] http://lpj c. h o me. att. net/ 4/6/2 0 0 0 Save DE BARS - Call City Council Page 1 of 2 ihe Para, of Principle ... with Liberty and dusticef_qZ ..31] The Libertaria!2. l~a!Tty of Jo!mS0.n Updated ,, Gggll~y 4/4/'00 SAVE DE BARS Save :Downtown Entertainment, Beverage, And :Resta'urant Services from anti-alcohol prohibitionists the writing on She wall (guestbook) * * * more info coming - stay tuned Attention, Young Adults! (and everyone else who cares about individual rights) You have to get involved! Your fight to peaceably assemble is being threatened by people who won'y loudly. They don't care if they trample your fights. They don't care if their so-called solution makes the real problem worse. We don't know what they really do care about. Maybe they just wm~t to say they did something. Itere's what you can do -- tell City Council what you of expect them. 1. City Council should maintain the rights of young adults to peaceably assemble where other adults do. 2. City Council should expect worry-warts to do something productive, not just push for ordinances. 3. City Council should handle true problems, and not accept hype in place of fact. Call, write, or e-mail City Councillors. Letters and e-mails sent to "City Council" will be hard-copied and placed in every councillor's work packet. E-mail sent to an individual councill.or goes to that councillor's computer. Click names below to send private e-:mails. Phone numbers below were provided by councillors so you could voice your concerns. Let's show councillors that young adults deserve respect and fairness -- by being respectful and polite to councillors. The Yes/No/Maybe link shows an in-depth opinion stated by that councillor on the date shown. E-mail Phone Snail No general phone City Council 410 East Washington Street City Council City clerk 356 - 5043 Iowa City, IA 52240 :Ms. Connie Champion, City Councillor Connie Champion bIome 337 - 6608 430 gouth gummit gtreet Iowa City, IA 52240 Steven Kanner Mr. Steven Kanner, City Councillor No e-mail Home 338 - 8865 410 East Washington Street Iowa City, IA 52240 Mr. Emie Lehman, City Councillor Ernie Lehman Home 338 - 7741 902 Wylde Green Road Work 337 - 2375 Iowa City, IA 52246 Mr. Mike O'Donnell, City Councillor Mike O'Donnell Home 354 - 8071 901 Park Road Iowa City, IA 52246 lrvin Pfab Mr. Irvin Pfab, City Councillor http://lpjc.home.att.net/focus/savedebars.html 4/6/2000 Save DE BARS - Call City Council Page 2 of 2 4/1/00 Dee Vanderhoef Home 351 - 6872 Ms. Dee Vanderhoef, City Councillor Momings best 2403 Tudor Drive Iowa City, IA 52245 Ross Wilburn Home 358 - 6374 Mr. Ross Wilburn, City Councillor Work 335 - 3270 1917 Taylor Drive Iowa City, IA 52240 A little backgroud A local group of people, Stepping Up, says they want to reduce binge drinking. They have tried a few things, like orgm~izing alternative activities, but they don't feel like they have had. enough of an impact. Now they want Iowa City City Council to pass an ordinance to prohibit young adults from entering places that serve alcohol. There remain many things that Stepping Up could do to affect binge drinking. Those alternatives involve work -- time, effort, and dedication. Putting City Council on the hot spot is easier than real work. Julie Phye is the director of Stepping Up. Her salary is paid by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation with a seven-year grant started in 1996. Thank you for notifying the ...... omissions, and suggestions. Support => Vote, VolU.n.~eer, Donate Main index CUrrent projects All proje~.t.~ Campaigns Wri~ir~gs News Chat Threads Guestbook Bio sketches Calendar Site tree Search the site visits since 0 ]4/4/2000 http ://lpj c.home. att.net/focus/savedebars.html 4/6/2000 City of Iowa City MEMORANDUM Date: April 11, 2000 To: City Clerk From: Jeff Davidson, Acting Traffic Engineering Planner ~;~'~' Re: Designation of metered angle parking spaces in the 10, 100, and 200 blocks of South Clinton Street; and the 300 block of Iowa Avenue As directed by Title 9, Chapter 1, Section 3 B of the City Code, this is to advise the City Council of the following action. Unless directed otherwise by the City Council this action will occur when the streetscape reconstruction projects ongoing this summer are completed. Action Pursuant to Section 9-1-3A(14) of the City Code, two metered parallel parking spaces will be installed on the east side of the 10 block of South Clinton Street, seven metered angle parking spaces will be installed on the west side of the 100 block of South Clinton Street, seven metered angle parking spaces will be installed on the west side of the 200 block of South Clinton Street, and 34 metered angle parking spaces will be installed on the 300 block of Iowa Avenue. All of these metered parking spaces will be designated with a one hour meter term. Comment This action is being taken consistent with the downtown streetscape reconstruction proiect and the Iowa Avenue reconstruction project, both of which have been approved by the City Council. Mgr\mem~jd4-11 .doc City of Iowa City MEMORANDUM Date: April 11, 2000 To: City Clerk From: Jeff Davidson, Acting JCCOG Traffic Engineering Planner ~ Re: Designation of "No Parking" at the intersection of Washington and Johnson Streets As directed by Title 9, Chapter 1, Section 3B of the City Code, this is to advise the City Council of the following action. Unless directed otherwise by the City Council, this action will occur on or shortly after April 19, 2000. Action Pursuant to Section 9-1-3A(19) of the City Code, signage will be installed indicating "No Parking Here to Corner" on the southwest corner of Washington Street at the intersection with Johnson Street. Comment This action is being taken as part of the Washington Street median reconstruction project which will be occurring this summer. The restriction of corner parking will increase visibility at the intersection and reduce the accident rate. This action will make the southwest corner consistent with the other three corners of the intersection. indexbc\memos~2-3JD .doc Marian Karr From: APTJ PAGS@aol .com Sent: Friday, April 14, 2000 5:38 PM To: council@iowa-city.org Subject: Restricting bar access Dear Members of the Iowa City City Council: I urge you to PLEASE pass a restriction on bar access for persons under the minimum legal drinking age. Ames, Des Moines, Cedar Rapids, Dubuque, Ottumwa, and Sioux City all restrict access to bars. Restricting access is a common sense solution, and a real beginning to addressing the problem of underage drinkers in Iowa City. It is consistent with the State of Iowa's minimum legal drinking age, and should not require additional monies to enforce. We are supposed to be enforcing the minimum age currently, and this restriction should make enforcement easier. I am not naive to think this will be a complete solution for the problem of underage drinking, but it is a good step in the right direction. We are naive to think that underage persons will not drink once inside a bar. I urge you to consider adopting a restriction to bar access to the minimum legal drinking age. Thank you for your consideration. Sincerely, Polly S. Pagliai Marian Karr From: agibbon@blue.weeg.uiowa.edu Sent: Monday, April 17, 2000 12:07 PM To: council@iowa-city.org Subject: Re: persons under 21 being allowed in bars Dear council members: Please consider barring individuals under the age of 21 from being allowed to enter bars which serve any type of alcoholic beverages. Thank you. Dave and Arlene Gibbon API~ 15 April 2000 CITY MANA ER'S I am a thirty year resident of Iowa City. I have a 19 year old daughter who is a fleshman at the University of Iowa and an 18 year old daughter who will start college next fall. When I received material from the University of Iowa parents' group about the letter writing campaign against underage drinking and no under- 2 1 bars, I was disturbed for several reasons. First of all I do not think parems should attempt to control the behavior of their adult children. Eighteen, nineteen, and twenty year-olds are legally adults and should be treated as adults. Secondly, I do not think parents of students who are not residents of Iowa City should be allowed to influence Iowa City policy. But most of all I think it is extremely naive to believe that underage drinking will stop if an ordinance is passed to keep underage patrons from bars. I would much rather have my daughters walk back to the dorms at night from the bars in groups and in an area that is well lighted and heavily patrolled than have them attend private parties and acx, ept a ride from someone who has been drinking. I think young women, especially, are safer in a bar atmosphere where there are bouncers and bartenders to keep things under control. The recent publicity concerning the sexual assault of a young woman after a fraternity party illustrates the dangers faced by young eoeds at private parties. Social opportunities for young people in Iowa City are limited. The only places to listen to live bands and dance are the bars. I know several young people who enjoy dancing at the bars and playing pool but who do not drink excessively, I also realize that there are young people well on their way to drinking problems. These young people are going to drink regardless of any more restrictions placed upon them. They are much safer drinking in the bars than in their dorm rooms, apartments, ears, or the reservoir. I have read that some members of the Iowa City Council feel that if bars were to go out of business due to age restrictions placed upon their clientale then other retail establishments would quickly take their place. One only has to walk through Old Capitol Mall to see that new businesses are not lifting up to open in Iowa City, The bars appear to be one of the few groups of businesses that are thriving in Iowa City since the opening of the Coral Ridge Mall. It seems unfortunate that the very businesses that are keeping downtown Iowa City from ghost town status are being targeted with punitative restrictions. Sincerely, Cheryl Huyek 420 Elmridge Avenue Iowa City, Iowa 52245 .tlPR 17 2000 ,: t~p,-il ~3. 2oo0 Iowa Co i: CItY MANAGER'S OFFICE 410 E. Washington Street Iowa City, IA 52240 To the Iowa City Council Members: We are writing to you as citizens of Iowa City and parents of three tcenagers to urge you to support an ordinance prohibiting entrance to bars in Iowa City to p~ople under 2] years of age. We think that we, as a community, need to take a stand against underage and high risk drinking. Underage and high risk drinking are big problems for both university and high school students in this town and allowing 18-20 year olds into bars is only encouraging more young people to drink, Please act on the behalf of the community to enact an ordinance prohibiting entrance to bars to people who are not of legal drinking age. Sincerely, 2253 Abbey Lane Iowa City, IA 52246 APR 17 2000 Department of Public HealthCITY MANAGER'S OFFICE L. GRAHAM DAMERON. MPH Board of Health mP~ECTOR Maureen A. Cormoily, Statement to the City Council of Iowa City Kelley J. Donham, DVM, MS Diana Joslyn The mission of the Board of Health is to see that the conditions for optimur~avid L. Nordstrom, PhD, MPH health of our citizens are achieved and maintained. We do not feel that Pamela H. Wi]lard, BSN, MS, RN this 9oal is bein9 met as regards alcohol consumption and its inherent problems in our community. The Johnson County Health Improvement Planning Committee, a group of health service providers and county citizens, recently met and was asked to determine what they perceived as the top five health problems in the county. Alcohol use and abuse was ranked as the number one health problem. Binge drinkin~l and underage drinking are prominent threats to the health and well bein~t of the citizens of Johnson County as a whole and Iowa City in particular. There is a wealth of information documenting these behaviors and their deleterious consequences and we feel it is time to enact change rather than accept conditions as they are. Behaviors such as hinge drinkin9 and alcohol consumption in the underage population, particularly the student population, often spring from a complicated army of factors. However, those which can be addressed on a local level are: 1 ) the easy availability of alcohol to '18-20 year olds, and 2) marketin9 ploys which overtly encourage hinge drinking. Consider the following: · Eight out of eleven Bi9 Ten college towns prohibit entrance to bars for '18-20 year olds. Why is Iowa City one of the exceptions? · Of the three cities housin9 the large state universities in Iowa, both Ames and Cedar Falls have local ordinances restricting entrance to bars to customers who are under 2i years of age. Why is iowa City the exception? + Law enforcement agents frequently cite local bars for servin9 alcohol to underage patrons. Some establishments have been temporarily closed in the past for repeated violations. Could this not be largely avoided if the patrons not of legal drinkin9 age were not admitted in the first place? · The number of downtown bars offering "21 st birthday specials" has decreased but there are still two which offer 21 shots or 21 pitchers for $21; another makes a similar offer for $25. This is not only an invitation for hinge drinking but frankly another death waiting to happen. The amount of alcohol in 21 shots of hard liquor is potentially fatal even if shared by four or five friends. Such offers promote rapid ingestion of alcohol and dangerously hi~lh blood levels can be attained in a short period of time. Is there any good reason to support such practices? 1105 GILBERT COURT · IOWA CITY, IOWA 52240 · PHONE (319) 356-6040 ° FAX (319) 356-6044 recycled paper · There are many variations of the "how much can you get for how little" theme among bars, e.g., the "bottomless glass of wine", the half price and low price "happy hour" deals in which happy hour is defined as 4PM to closing. Is this the downtown environment we want to offer to the susceptible population? Alcohol abuse is a significant health problem in all age groups and is a contributing factor in sexual assaults, domestic violence, unsafe sexual practices, motor vehicle accidents as well as the use of illegal drugs. The long-term health consequences include: fetal alcohol syndrome, cirrhosis of the liver, pancreatitis, alcohol cardiomyopathy, hemorrhage and malignances of the digestive tract. Addressing the issue in the young population has the potential to alter behaviors before they become habitual patterns. The City Council of Iowa City will soon begin discussion of a local ordinance which would allow only individuals 21 and older to enter bars. We strongly support this measure but would not like to see it stop there. In all fairness to local businesses this should also become a county-wide policy and we hope Iowa City's actions will lead the way. As regards, the unhealthy offers promulgated by many drinking establishments, we feel that some business owners have made changes in their advertising and hope that others will follow suit. It is our belief that if all businesses accept greater responsibility for their role in the health of the community then no particular business will suffer unfairly as a result of their unwillingness to encourage harmful drinking practices. Johnson County Board of Health Maureen A. Connolly, MD Kelley J. Donham, DVM, MS Diane Joslyn Pamela H. Willard, BSN, MS, RN · THE UNIVERSITY OF IOWA ~:/IPR 17 2000 ~ CITY MANAGEJ 'S OFFICE April 13, 2000 Mayor Ernie Lehman and The Iowa City Council Civic Center 410 E. Washington St. Iowa City, IA 52240 Dear Mayor Lehman and Members of the Iowa City Council: I write today to encourage you to pass a citywide ordinance to limit entrance to bars to those over 21 years of age. As you know, the University has been working with our city colleagues to minimize underage and binge drinking in our community. We all know the statistics. Binge drinkers and those around them suffer from this behavior. We know that classes are missed and that grades suffer. Vandalism, assaults, unplanned sexual encounters, and sleep and study disruption are well known secondary effects of binge drinking. Communities that have passed ordinances limiting entrance to bars to those aged 21 or over show reductions in risky drinking behaviors. In fact, other communities in Iowa in which Regent universities are located limit access to bars. This ordinance will help us achieve our mutual goals. I appreciate your leadership on this most important issue. Sincerely yours, Mar,7%Coleman President Office of the President 101 Jessup Hall Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1316 319/335-3549 FAX 319/335-0807 THE UNIVERSITY OF IOWA ~ 17 2000 proposal due to the heavy use of these downtown establishments by students. Though we commend you on your efforts to curb underage and binge drinking, we are not certain that restricting bar access, to only those 21 and older, is a solution. While we have not yet had the opportunity to solicit a large number of opinions from students on this issue, we have a number of concerns about the ordinance based on what we have heard already. As we mentioned, it is our belief that this ordinance is not a solution to the binge or underage-drinking problem. This ordinance only works to "skirt" the real issues. This ordinance will not solve these problems, but will simply move them to a different location; namely private residences. Besides the obvious disruption * ..... ,,,,,,nitx~ n,-ighbOrhr~dc students will have easier ~ccess to low cost alcohol purchased in grocery stores and convenience shops and served in a completely unregulated atmosphere. These residence have no bartenders to cut-off overly intoxicated patrons, and no security to watch for unruly behavior or head off unwanted sexual advances. One must also keep in mind that these private houses do not close, and that other controlled substances are much easier to consume in these locations. We also believe this proposal will damage the downtown business area. As you know, this part of the community is heavily valued by not only Iowa City residents, but neighboring University students. This proposal may force not only drinking establishments to close, but may also drive out shops and restaurants that depend on late night pedestrian traffic and business. One group of students who have been completely left out of the debate is underage non-drinkers and non- binge drinkers. Downtown Iowa City is much more than a place to get a drink. Billiards, dancing, and bands all bring students out for entertainment. Student life at Iowa and the Iowa City Community, outside of the bar scene, provides few appealing options for late-night entertainment. We have been approached by a number of students who worry that they will no longer be able to see live bands or go out to dance simply because an establishment serves alcohol. We also believe by spreading alcohol consumption throughout Iowa City, drunk driving will also become more widespread. Drunk driving has not been part of this debate, but we feel that it should be addressed by the Council. Through all of the talk of limiting access, we wonder what outcome supporters of this measure are hoping for. We hope the City Council clarifies its intentions. We commend your efforts to deter underage and binge drinking in Iowa City. We look forward to further discussion about this issue in the upcoming weeks, as we continue to gather input from students. Please contact us at your convenience by e-mail or phone. Sincerely. ~ t U of I Student Body Vice-President Andrew-S toll @ uiowa.edu Christopher-Linn @ uiowa.edu Student Government 48 Iowa Memorial Union 319/335-3860 FAX 319/335-3577 Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1317 E-mail: UISG@UIOWA.EDU Petition to the Iowa City City Council We support the cominuation of the Council' s deer management policy. Printed Name i a e ?y4/v Rmc~rtdo ~t~,'~ Petition to the Iowa City City Council We support the cominuation of the Council' s deer management policy. Printed Name Signature k~,~ Y--,',,% Y*---- Petition to the Iowa City City Council We support the cominuation of the Council's deer management policy. Printed Name Signature · 9 ", "~" J "7 .... ~ ~ . . -- / Why it is necessary to further cull the deer population. For further information contact: The Iowa City City Council The Department of Natural --Resources Or . White Buffalo A pamphlet that answers your misconceptions. Questions Myths Facts White Buffalo is a nonprofit research ltow qualified is White Buffalo (the They are crazy sport hunters with no organization this is carrying out the deer expertise in deer management. organization dedicated to conserving reduction)? ecosystems through wildlife population control. It is headed by Tony G. DeNicola, who holds a PHD in Wildlife Ecology from Purdue University. Can overabundant deer populations No, deer are relatively disease free cause disease to humans? animals that pose no threat to humans. Lyme Disease, an infectious bacterial disease that can cripple people if not detected early, is transmitted to people by deer ticks. Incidents are directly correlated with increases in urban deer What is the extent of damage that deer Deer are harmless animals that coexist populations. cause? with nature well, even in high populations. There were more than 100 deer-related car accidents between 1997-99. They resulted in over $125,000 of damage, in Iowa City alone. Not to mention the damage deer cause to plant life including domestic gardens. Ilow do deer populations grow and Deer populations are relatively stable, change? especially because of domestic hunting. As a general rule deer tend to increase in numbers by approximately 30% each year. Deer populations in the Iowa City area grew 62% between 1997 and 1999. What are other effective methods for Contraception and relocation are reducing the deer population? sufficient enough to reduce the numbers without killing deer. Although these methods are effective for maintaining herds once a stable population has been reached, a recent study in Iowa City indicated that the population has not yet reached that level, and needs to be culled further. Drati Resolution: Recommendation that the University of Iowa immediately Withdraw from the Fair Labor Association (FLA) Whereas. sweatshops are work places in which people work in sub-standard conditions including sub-n~inimum wages, no benefits. non-payment of wages, lbrced overtime. sexual harassment. verbal abuse. corporal punishment. illegal firings. child labor. forced sterilization. birth control and pregnancy tests, hazardous conditions and prohibition of unions: Whe'reas, sweatshop conditions have been documented in the production of university-licensed apparel. including that of the University of Iowa; Whereas the University of iowa is currently a member of the Fair Labor Association (FI ,A). a non-profit corporation created in April 1997, which is dominated by corporations and non-profit organizations partially financed by these corporations; Whereas the FI.A has a weak code of conduct which does not guarantee a living wage. does not guarantee workers' rights to organize, has weak provisions for the protection of women's rights, and allows factories to be monitored by people selected and paid by the corporations themselves; Whereas. the University of Iowa's shoe contracts with Nike and Reebok are worth over $200,000 annually. and Nike and Reebok are both members of the FLA, which raises serious concerns about a conflict of interest and the ethical priorities ol'the university; Whereas, the City of Iowa has recognized the importance of stopping sweatshop abuses with its moratorium on certain apparel which may be produced in sub-standard conditions. Whereas, the City of Iowa acknowledges that the impacts of the University of Iowa policies are not limited to the sphere of academia. but also aft~ct the many Iowa City residents who work. study, and are otherwise affiliated with the uni~'ersity. Be it resolved that this body strongly recommends that President Mary Sue Coleman withdraw the University of Iowa's support from the FLA immediately, thus restoring tl~e integrity and moral leadership expected by students, faculty, alumni, and the residents of Iowa City. U.S.' Senato..r Ton l-lAura N, - . oF Io:nal ._,,f ................... http:/!www. seaam.go~;/~harkinJ (202) 224-325a. FOR IM~fFIBLa. TE RELEASE Conta-,-t: Jennifer Frost/ion Tes~dsiI April 4, 2000 lIARKIN AP'PLAIunDS U of I STUDENTS EFFORTS TO PEACEFULLY PROTEST ABUSIVE LABOR PIL~CTICES O1~ UNBrERSITY APPAREL W'ASI-t'NGTON ~-U.S- Senator Tom Ha~in (D-IA) today applauded t, he efforts of the Uaiv~iry of iowa Studears Again~ Sweatshops to protist ag/mst abuslvc labor practices. "1 applaud the efforts of'these slud~ts to ensm'~ ttmt the Univc~i,ty of Iowa supports worker and kumaa rights in companies that produce at~patel under its licenses," said Harkin. ~'We all how that sweatsh6p and abusive ehfld lal~r will not vanish overnight. The real measure of progress must ~4n tile changed and improved lives end Iivclihoods of workers and children here a~- home and azound the wod&" On Mcmclay, April 3, protesters rook ovcr President. Mary Sue Coleman' s office in a p--ac~ful demonstration against the Universi.ty's affiliation witk the Faix Labor Association Aitho',%gh they- were rmxxeved from the Office by Ufiverslty Public Safety officers, they continued theix protest in Jessup Hall. The students are demamling thnt L~. affiliatc with the Workers Rf.oJI~ Cop_.wrtium fWRC), disa~q_liate with the FLA,,and !ar0duce within two weeks a UI code of conduct that all companies ,.hat have license aglT. ellle=B with the Lrl woudd be requireel to sign. The Univ~-~'sity of Iowa agreed to become a member of the WRC, but ~ a.efiliaics with r. tae FLA stating that the organi,,ation has not yet had a chance m prove itself. In response to the .studcat's protest, President Colewan kas appointed a 12 member committee to write a code of 'conduct for the Universi~,. H~.v&a ser3t a let:. .¢r ~.~ the University. of Iowa Studeats Agal n~ Sw'eat.sllops on FebrumS' 23, 2tX~0, stating, "We need more students like yourselves to diSplay the commitm~--mt yc~u have shown m ensuring a jug; and fair workplace," -30- The following is a partial list of groups and individuals who declared support for the UI Students Against Sweatshops: University, · UI Center Ibr ltuman Rights · UI Charter Committee on Human Rights · UI Student Government · Graduate Student Senate · International Alliance ibr People's Movements · Students liar Social Change · Newman Catholic Center and Peace and Justice Group · UI Student Democrats · Business Sludents Care · Iowa International Socialist Organization · USAS chapters around the country including Yale, Purdue. and others Labor · Iowa City Federation of Labor · Iowa AFL-CIO · United Steel Workers of America · ljnited Electric:-,,l. Radio. and Machine Workers of America · UE l.ocal 896 - CO(iS (UI Graduate Employees) · AFSCME Local 12 (UI Staid · SEIU (UI !Iospital Nurses and StafI) · IBEW I.ocal 405 (Rockwell-Collins) Political · US Senator Tom ttarkin · Johnson Counly Democrats · Senator Tom ~ larkin · Johnson Counly I.abor Party · Iowa City Green Party · members of several local churches · many local businesses who sent support during the SAS sit-in