HomeMy WebLinkAbout2005-11-01 CorrespondenceDate: October 20, 2005
To: City Clerk
From: Anissa Williams, JCCOG Traffic Engineering Planner
Re: Item for November 1, 2005 City Council Meeting: Installation of 15 MINUTE LIMIT
PARKING 8AM - 5 PM MON - FRI signs on the east side of Teeters Court. Move NO
PARKING ANY TIME signs from the east side of Teeters Court to the west side.
As directed by Title 9, Chapter 1, Section 3B of the City Code, this is to advise the City Council
of the following action.
Action:
Pursuant to Section 9-1-3A(10), installation of 15 MINUTE LIMIT PARKING 8AM - 5 PM MON -
FRI signs on the east side of Teeters Court. Move NO PARKING ANY TIME signs from the east
side of Teeters Court to the west side.
Comment:
This action is being taken at the request of Lincoln School. Pick-up and drop-off parking is
needed for parents. The east side of the street is the preferred loading zone side so that
children do not have to cross the street. This forces the existing No Parking Any Time
designation to be moved to the west side of Teeters Court.
jccogt p/mem/aw-teetersct.doc
11-01-0E
4f(2)
Greetings.
My name is Kevin Schuman. I am a junior at the University of Iowa, and am
writing in regards to a problem I feel needs consideration. I realize that by law bicycles
are now required to be ridden on the street only. This has been brought to my attention
by my friend who recently received a hefty fine for riding on the sidewalk. However,
before this incident I have always been under the sensible impression that only motorized
vehicles belong on the street. In lieu of my own experiences with cyclists on the road, I
think my friend should have been anything buy penalized for not be a detriment to
society while riding on the sidewalk. To get to the point, my main concern is that a
bicyclist riding down the middle of the lane- even median- in 35mph of traffic is a
tremendous danger. Not only have I almost hit these cyclists on a number of occasions,
but I have also been stuck behind them along with the fifteen cars in front of me. A
recent poll suggests the amount of bike-auto accidents, over the past year, have gone up
about 10% (www.weitzlux.com). Needless to say, I think bicycles should be ridden
where they were meant to be, on the sidewalk and bike paths. I don't understand how
one could argue that an accident involving a 2,000 lb. piece of steel traveling at 40mph
and a 751b bicycle is less devastating than a bike vs. pedestrian. Overall, I believe the
road is no place for a bicycle, and the appropriate revisions should be heeded. I truly
appreciate your time and concern of my unease and hope to hear from you.
CD
Thanks
Kevin Schuman :~. r= i~ ill
11-01-05
Council Members CD ~
410 E. Washington Street ~ ~ ~
Iowa City, IA 52240 C) '-~ vo
Dear Council Members: ~ ~ ~
Low-income housing is designed to bring families and individuals off the streets ~
and help them afford a place to live. I have recently found out that many students and
athletes are occupying the apartments that are usually available to these people in need.
Pheasant Ridge, the only multifamily Section 8 projects, has only 248 apartments
available. That is not enough to cover the needy families, students and individuals that
are struggling to afford a place to live.
Living expenses in the Iowa City area is a great concern for not only college
students but those who do not have enough money to afford a place that accommodates
the needs of their families. In college towns, there needs to be more funding to expand
the amount of low-income housing available. The combination of students and Iowa City
residents that need funding to help pay for housing is much greater than the amount of
help that is given to them.
I do not believe that students should not be eligible for low-income apartments
but I do believe that action needs to be taken in order to assure that the few apartments
available are going to the fight people. Those who are able to afford living elsewhere
should not be qualified to live in these apartments. Individuals with children should be a
priority for the housing available.
There are many students that are on their own and struggling to make it through
school and any help that can be given to them should. One way to decrease the amount of
students occupying the low-income housing available is to regulate the amount of rent
charged by housing departments. Excessive rent is a problem that increases every year.
Regulation needs to be imposed on these housing apartments in order to insure that
students can afford to stay in school and live in a place that can accommodates their basic
needs.
I appreciate the time that you have taken to read my letter and I thank you for
listening to my concerns.
Sincerely,
Angela Flynn
4f(4)
FILED
October 20, 2005
CiTY CLESK
~TV
M~Day 10W,& C.,,, 10WA
1186 Bd~ Dr.
Iowa Ci~, IA 52240
Iowa Ci~ Co,oil
410 E~t W~¢on S~eet
Iowa Ci~, Iowa 52240
I ~ ~tk8 to voice my ophon on ~e ~en~ene ordk~ce ~t ~e co~cil is
di~sks. I do a~ee ~ ~e co,oil ~at ~g ~ Iowa Ci~ h~ become a problem
mong ~e college ~dents. However, I feel ~at
problem.
~le ~e ord~ce would keep yo~ger ~M s~den~ out of ~e bm, ~ese s~dents
wo~d o~y fred o~er ways to ~. ~e bm offer rome ~d of order to ~e ~g
done by ~e~ s~den~ ~d ~e ~lice maa~ order ~ ~e domtom ~a. By moving
·ese s~den~ out of a enrolled ~ea to homes ~d ap~en~ wo~d ~ a ~ave
mis~e. ~s is o~y gong to cau~ more problems for ~e s~n~ ~d ci~. Ho~e
pmies ~e gokg to get out of enml ~d more s~dents ~11 8et hm ~s way.
Not o~y ~11 Ss ord~ce ca~e more problems by mov~g pmies into houses, it ~11
h~ ~e economy of do,tom Iowa Ci~. S~den~, ~der ~e leg~ ~g age,
accost for over h~f o¢~e domtom bm' ~come for ~e en~e ye~. ~at is
co~cil's idea for com~t~g ~ese bus~esses losses.'?
I fel ~e co,oil needs to s~ wor~g M~ ~e s~den~ ~ ~s endeavor to consol
~cohol me in ~e city. The president of~e U~versi~ of Iowa's s~dent co,oil is
to work on ~s issue ~so. I ~ coning to find ~temafives for s~dents ~d
educat~g ~co~g s~den~ on ~cohol ~e ~e be~er ~lufions ~en moving ~em to
~controlled enviro~ents. A sugsestion wo~d be to section off ~e b~s so that ~e
~demge s~den~ co~d go .d~cing ~d the bm would not lose revenue. I just ~k you
to reconsider yo~ decision before vot~g of ~s issue.
Sin~rely yom,
Mary Daly
10/20/05
Ernest W. Lehman 20 5 q: 36
410 E. Washington Street
Iowa City, IA 52240 0]]"¥~-JLErI~,'-': r-~
IOWA CITY, !OWA
Dear Mayor Lehman,
I am writing you concerning the issue of the age limit of nineteen to enter bars.
As a twenty-one year old, I assur~e you that I am not trying to better my own position.
However, I wish to exPress my opinion on the matter. I see an opportunity for revenue
for Iowa City while having little to no effect on illegal behavior.
Speaking from experience, I can say that raising the age for entering the bar has
had no effect on whether or not under-aged people drink. For most kids under 21, this
new ordinance has only changed where kids drink instead of preventing them from
drinking. Instead of going to the bar, they get an older friend to buy it for them, or they
go to parties. It is impossible to stop drinking in Iowa city, so the city should profit from
it.
If the city retracted the ordinance preventing those under nineteen from entering
bars, more money would be spent. More revenue for bars would turn into more revenue
in terms of taxes. If repealing the ordinance is out of the question, then perhaps changing
it would be possible. If the city were to charge a bar a fee for the privilege of allowing 18
year olds to enter, it could be a great source of extra revenue for Iowa City.
In addition to generating greater tax revenue, the police would have greater
opportunity to catch and fine individuals for PAULA violations. Last year, the city raised
the fine for PAULA to $294. This' wasa great business move for the city. Raising the
fines will do absolutely nothing to prevent PAULA infractions, but each infraction will
now bring in over one hundred dollars more. If you wanted to, you could raise it to $325.
It makes no difference. The bottom line is that eighteen year old freshman are stupid
when it comes to drinking. Therefore, the police department and the city should benefit
from their stupidity.
Your intention in passing this ordinance was obviously to prevent underage
drinking. In reality, the kids will always be able to find another way. The only thing that
I have noticed working is actually receiving a drinking ticket. Anything short of getting
caught simply does not work. Therefore, if eighteen year olds are allowed into bars, the
police can go back to cracking down on them. From experience, I know that it is easy to
spot freshman in the bars. It is much harder to catch underage people at parties, so we
should make it easy for the police to catch them by allowing them back into the bars.
Overall, it is likely that many more kids will be caught if the ordinance is repealed rather
than left on record.
Overall, I understand that the city was attempting to project a positive image by
passing the ordinance. However, repealing the ordinance will turn out to be much more
profitable for the city. If you are concerned about the image of the city, let me assure you
that reasonable people would understand why the city repealed it. I am not a politician,
but I can see that the greater good will come from allowing eighteen year olds to enter
bars in Iowa City. There will be more cash for the city and it will not change the illegal
activity of freshman. In my humble opinion, it is the logical course of action.
Sincerely,
Stephen French
Megan Hansmann
401 Emerald Apt. E9 20~]~ O~T ~ !
Iowa City, IA 52246 PPI [~9:50
,, IOWA
October 18, 2005
City Council Members
410 East Washington Street
Iowa City, IA 52240
City Council members of Iowa City:
Although the city council probably receives considerable input about the 21 only bar ordinance, I
would like to express my concerns about this issue. First, it is important to understand a little
about me to understand my opinions. Since I am 22 years old, this decision would not
significantly impact me. In addition, I rarely drink or go to bars. My main concern is the safety
of students and I think only allowing 21 year olds to enter the bars will increase sexual assault,
violence, and binge drinking.
It is important for the City Council to recognize that enacting the 21 only bar ordinance will not
decrease alcohol consumption about the University of Iowa. Underage students who want
alcohol will do so at any length or cost to themselves. If alcohol-abuse was to decrease at the
University, parents would need to teach their children responsibility surrounding alcohol
consumption.
Underage students will resort to attending house parties where rape is a too frequent occurrence.
I have a friend who was raped at a house party 4 years ago even though both she and the rapist
were sober. For this reason alone, I think the bars need to admit underage students. At house
parties, there is no one at the party to protect people. I am terrified about this ordinance passes
because I know rape will be prevalent. If this ordinance passes, it will be difficult to see because
too many females do not report sexual assault or rape to the authorities. In addition, not all
underage individuals drink at the bars. They may enjoy dancing and socializing with their
friends in a bar. Students who live in the dorms should not have to go to house parties to
socialize with their friends or to meet new people.
Also, bars provide more protection because they have more legal liability to monitor alcohol
consumption than parties. The largest advantages of going to the bars over house parties are the
location and bouncers. Downtown Iowa City is a central location for University students;
therefore, most people probably do not have to walk too far to go downtown. In contrast, house
parties occur all over Iowa City and I think more people will drive home drunk. My apartment
complex has parties at least every weekend and I hear verbal arguments between numerous
people. I am afraid that someday their arguments may get out of control and someone could get
seriously injured. Bouncers will provide protection when arguments escalate. Earlier this fall, a
drunken student fell from a balcony and died. Last Spring, when I was in Panama City Beach,
Florida another University of Iowa fell from a balcony and was seriously injured. I think by
passing the 21 only bar ordinance more harmful accidents will occur.
The article, "Binge Drinking on American College Campuses: A New Look at an Old Problem,
August 1995," is an alcohol-use study conducted by The Harvard School of Public Health. One
aspect of the study examined the relationship between binge drinking and fraternities and
sororities. Researchers concluded, "Many fraternities and sororities are functional saloons. Fully
86% of men and 80% of women who live in fraternities and sororities are binge drinkers."
Although it is unclear where these individuals drank, this research suggests that individual in
sororities and fraternities will binge drink regardless of location.
An Article in the Daily Iowan also supports my beliefs about the 21 only bar ordinance. The
article, "Underage drinking would not be curbed by 21-only bar ordinance" stated, "The control
provided by bartenders, bouncers, and regular police patrols, the downtown bars are a relatively
safe environment ..... downtown is close enough for most people to walk home after closing time.
Outside the bar environment, however, drinking can be deadly." For ail of these reasons, it is
imperative to vote against the 21 only bar ordinance.
Sincerely,
Megan Hansmann
The Daily Iowan. "Underage drinking would not be curbed by 21-only bar ordinance." 10 Feb.
2003.
The Harvard School of Public Health. "Binge Drinking on American College Campuses: A New
Look at an Old Problem, August 2005." 18 Oct. 2005. College Alcohol Study.
<http://www.hsph. harvard.edu/cas/rpt 1994/CAS 1994rpt. shtml.>
FILED
City Council Members
41o East Washington Street 2005 06T 2 I 12:
Iowa City, IA
52240 IO'vYA IOWA
Dear Council Members,
I am writing your council in regards to the nineteen ordinances in bars and the
newly doubled Possession of Alcohol under the Legal Age (PAULA) ticket. I am
currently a junior at the University of Iowa. Although these ordinances no longer directly
affect me, since I am twenty-one years of age, I still find them to be completely
unnecessary and ineffective.
First and foremost, I would like to address the negative reputation the University
of Iowa student body has been given. There have been many ignorant articles published
and comments expressed about the underage drinking issue in Iowa City. Many of these
comments and articles were made by people who seem to confuse speculation and hear-
say with hard fact. It may appear that the University of Iowa's students consume large
amounts of alcohol in Iowa City's bars, and my point is not to write this letter and dispute
this. However, the only reason the student alcohol consumption has gained such notoriety
is because the consumption takes place in the public eye, which is the bar scene. I have
visited many other Big Ten universities, and they consume alcohol just as much, and
quite possibly even more that Iowa, yet they do not get negative criticism or media
attention for it. This is because the places in which they consume the alcohol are mainly
private places, such as fraternities or private homes. They too might have a bar scene, but
since their campus and Greek houses are not dry, than their bars are not as popular. Since
the University of Iowa is a dry campus, the students are basically forced to find a venue
to consume alcohol in, and these venues are the bars.
I find it humorous how quickly some political/media figures in Iowa are so quick
to criticize the UI's students and their drinking habits, when in actuality it is the students
that undoubtedly make Iowa City prosperous and thrive. It is no secret that the city
collects millions of dollars a year from underage drinking tickets, etc. It is these millions
of dollars coupled with the rising tuition fees that keep the city alive. I believe the
nineteen drinking ordinance has had no great effect on the combatance of underage
drinking in bars. When the youth are given rules, they will just find ways to get around
them. Instead of being allowed to be safely monitored in bars, underage drinkers are now
binge drinking in the privacy of their own dormitories and apartments, so that when they
arrive at the bars (many with fake ID in hand) they will not have to drink in fear of
getting a ticket. However, this leads to students becoming quickly obliterated to a point of
danger.
The nineteen ordinances and doubled PAULA fine has only added to the misuse
of alcohol by underage drinkers. It is not too long ago when I use to participate in the
same practice. I would "pregame" with my friends in the privacy of my apartment and
consume as much alcohol as possible before entering the bars, this way I would not have
to hold a drink in the bar in fear of receiving a ticket. This is a very common practice, and
the laws need to be reevaluated. Are officials actually worded about the student's health
or just the amount of income they're receiving from the pricey PAULAs and public
intoxes? One thing is for sure, college students want to drink and no matter how many
laws tell them they cannot, they will always find a way.
Cordially,
Brigitte Knezevich
Dear Iowa City Council Members,
Hello, my name is Kelly Abba. I am a sophomore at the University of Iowa and have
been living in Iowa for the past 9 years. In regards to a class project that I received, I am writing
to you about a suggestion that I have to make Iowa City a better living community for all. In my
opinion, Iowa City should adopt a Smoke-Free environment. As a person who suffers from
asthma I am particularly aware of the hazards of second hand smoke and I hope to convince you
to take action on this issue.
Second hand smoke ranks third as a major preventable cause of death behind only active
smoking and alcohol. This smoke is all around you; it can be found in our restaurants, our malls,
and our stores. It is not only polluting our earth, but it is intoxicating our bodies. Second hand
smoke can lead to a laundry list of problems including lung cancer and heart disease. Small
children can become more susceptible to ear infections, asthma, and an increase in breathing
problems. Obviously this is a serious health concern for not just the people lighting up, but for
everyone around them.
This problem may seem like it is too big of a challenge to handle. However, one needs
only to look at New York City as a shining example of how to fix this dilemma. In 2002, NYC
passed its Smoke-Free Air Act. It prevents smoking in major public areas (restaurants, theatres,
bars, etc) and enforces harsh punishments for businesses that don't comply. They were the
pioneers in the war on second hand smoke and it will hopefully pave the way for such up and
coming towns as Iowa City to follow in their footsteps.
Iowa is known for its beautiful landscape, charming people, and home like a~osphe~. It
would be very sad if that beautiful landscape had a thick h
Hopefully those charming people don't suffer from a reoccurring cough that plagu~.~eir taa~milv~-~,
I would also hope that our home like atmosphere doesn't turn into a bar in some generic town out
in the middle of nowhere. I want Iowa to be a better place. I want Iowa to be a place of class and
distinction. Taking steps to eliminate smoke in our environment can only improve our lives, and
make Iowa City a better place to live. I hope that I have at least started the ball rolling on this
topic and that you will give the issue further consideration. Thank you for your time and
concern.
Sincerely,
Kelly Abba
FILED
Z005r 2_ I ? 112:! 9 41o E. Washington St.
0{7¥ (];L.~?t( Iowa City, IA 52240
10WA CiTi'; IOWA
M~or Le~n:
I ~ wfitin~ to ~ou tod~y in red,ds to ~ ve~ serious social ~robl~m. That is
~mokin~ of tobacco ~ro~u~ts in rest~ur~ts ~nd b~rs in the Iow~ Citf ~r~. Cle~l~, 1~
~n~er is ~ ~i~mi~ in o~ ~ountw that t~k~s ~ount~s~ li~ ~W fear. It i~ r~ilf
~tt~in~l~ t~ou~h secondhand smok~. M~ ~on~em is not onlf for ~trons but n~lf for
employees. If ~om~on~ i~ workin~ ~t ~ ~r ~ nights ~ week t~e~ ~re expo~e~ to ~ m~ssive
~mount of ~on~h~ ~mok~ on ~ r~ul~r ~i~. I ~o not thi~ it i~ too ~i~ of ~ h~le to
h~ve smokers t~e ~ step outside when the~ w~t to in~ul~ in their h~bit.
C~lifomi~ h~s h~ ~ smokin~ b~n in ~1~ of s~wn fe~r~ that ~li~s to most
(www.smokefreeworM.~om/~s~.shtml) Th~ eff~t ofthi~ b~n h~ ~n ~o~iti~. M~f
were ~oneemed that ~ smokin6 b~ would hu~ the revenues of such e~t~blis~ents but
when th~ ~ i~ ~nfor~ e~r~h~r~, thi~ i~ not the ~.
A~or~in~ to the C~C, 22.~% of~efi~ smok~. This i~ ~ ~ti~
improvement over ~fior y~r~. A~ thi~ number ~ontinue~ to ~win~l~ b~in~ smokin~ in
~ubli~ ~l~s will h~w le~s ~nd less of ~n im~t. In a~ition th~ C~C r~o~ that ther~
~re 44~,~ ~u~l ~e~t~ that ~r~ ~so~i~t~d with ~mokin~. Thi~ i~ f~r too m~f li~es to
i~ore the problem.
The World Health Organization stated that by the year 2020 smoking is estimated
to cause 10 million deaths worldwide. I feel this number really puts things in perspective.
If more and more communities move towards public ban it will become more acceptable
and catch on worldwide. As a result the perception of smokers will be a negative one and
people will likely curtail their smoking.
Lastly, I would like to discuss my personal experiences in Iowa City dealing with
smoke filled establishments. I wake up in the morning sometimes after a night out and
have a little cough due to secondhand smoke. I do not believe it is fair to subject
innocent regular people to the harms of cigarette smoke.
~ , ~'/'") /1 /~,~ ~.._ A~ ~-
410 East Washington St.
Iowa City, IA 52240
Council Members,
A law to ban smoking in public places could save more lives more quickly than the
development of a single new anti-cancer drug - according to Cancer Research UK.
There needs to be something done in our community to ban smoking in public places.
Many places in the country have already taken steps to resolve this problem. San Francisco bans
smoking in public-city owned property. Enforcement of this policy would need little oversight
and this ban would protect thousands of people and help save lives.
It is estimated by the American Cancer Society that 73,020 women will die of lung
cancer this year more than those who will die from breast, ovarian and uterine cancers combined.
Of this disturbing number 10-15 percent are non-smokers and this percentage is on the rise. As
we have seen in the news lately more non-smokers are being diagnosed with lung cancer such as
Christopher Reeve's wife, Dana. According to Medical News today, "it is estimated that non-
smokers, exposed to smoke in the workplace, increase their lung cancer risk by up to 19
percent."
Citizens of our community should not be exposed to second hand smoke when walking
down the street or in a public park. Also, Iowa City should follow in Florida and Minneapolis's
footsteps to eliminate smoke in restaurants and bars. If we can prevent just one less person of
dying from lung cancer this would be a success. Let's not wait for a new drug to come out to
cure lung disease, but stop this horrible killer at the beginning by exposing fewer people to the
harsh effects of lung cancer. CD
Cindy Egan
627 Iowa Ave #4
Iowa City, IA 52240
525 S. Johnson Apt. 6
Iowa City, IA 52242
October 18, 2005
Council Members
410 East Washington Street
Iowa City, IA 52240
Dear Council Members,
I am opposed to smoking in Iowa City restaurants and should be prohibited. Smoking in
restaurants not only is rude to others, it is also very dangerous. There are many people who die
from secondhand smoke, one of whom was my grandmother.
While sitting at a restaurant, only 15% of cigarette smoke gets inhaled by the smoker, while the
other 85% lingers in the air for others to breathe. Around 85% of non-smokers in America,
including children and adults, are regularly exposed to secondhand smoke.
Cigarette smoke contains more than 40 cancer causing agents and 200 known poisons. Why
would you want people eating at an Iowa City restaurant to inhale such things? Secondhand
smoke contains twice as much tar and nicotine per unit volume as does smoke inhaled from a
cigarette.
Women who are exposed to secondhand smoke during their pregnancy have higher rates of birth
defects and miscarriages. Children who are exposed to secondhand smoke are more likely to
suffer from asthma, colds, bronchitis, and other lung diseases. It is unfair to women and children
who can easily suffer just by sitting at an Iowa City restaurant.
Secondhand smoke is a serious issue that effects innocent patrons. Smoking should be banned in
Iowa City restaurants. It would do more good than harm if smoking was banned.
Sincerely,
Brian Gabriel
D
Aaron Guetzlaff
Iowa City, IA 52245
ULcRK
October 19, 2005 iOWA 0~ IOWA
Council Members
410 E Washington St.
Iowa City, IA 52240
Dear Council Members:
My name is Aaron Guetzlaff and I am currently a junior at the University of Iowa. As
part of my Perspectives on Leisure and Play class, I am writing to you to discuss an issue
that I feel is problematic in Iowa City. I believe that allowing people to smoke in our
bars and restaurants is something that should not be allowed. As most people know,
smoking is an activity that is extremely detrimental to one's health. About 1 out of every
5 deaths in the US can be attributed to tobacco products, killing more Americans than
AIDS, drugs, homicides, fires, and auto accidents combined. Not only is smoking deadly
for the person doing the smoking, but it can also be deadly for people who have made the
decision to not smoke at all. It is estimated that over 50,000 people die a year from
secondhand smoke related diseases in the U.S. alone. It's for this reason that I feel
smoking should not be allowed in Iowa City bars and restaurants. People who have made
the decision to not smoke still have to deal with the by-products created by those who do
smoke. This is not something that non-smokers should have to tolerate when they go
downtown to try and have a good time. As a non-smoker myself, I find it rather
unpleasant to always have to breath in other people's smoke and end up smelling like an
ashtray whenever I go to a bar or restaurant. A smoking ban would not only benefit non-
smokers, but the employees of each respective establishment as well. It may also help
people to quit their smoking habits, as going outside to have a cigarette becomes a major
inconvenience.
If a complete smoking ban is not widely accepted by restaurants, bars, and the people of
Iowa City right away, I think there are things that can be done to test out the effects a
smoking ban would have if enacted. Bars and restaurants could go through a rotation of
each establishment not allowing smoking for the week. That way, non-smokers would
always have a place to go where smoking is not allowed. Another related idea is to
require bars and restaurants to be non-smoking every other week. Establishments that
feel like they are similar to each other could team up and have opposite weeks of the
smoking ban. In this situation, the bar or restaurant would be able to make strong
observations on the effects the smoking ban has on business. If they find that more
people always go to the place with the smoking ban, a permanent ban would seem like a
good idea. Also, if there are places that still want to hold out on the ban, they could be
required to purchase a special smoking license to be exempt. This would in effect only
allow smoking in establishments where smokers tend to go to in the first place, as the
owner would not want to pay for a license unless he or she knew that business would
continue as usual. Anything else that can be done to begin or test a city-wide smoking
ban should come as a welcome idea as well.
Thank you for your time, and I hope you strongly consider the idea of enacting a smoking
ban in Iowa City. Patrons and employees of our bars and restaurants would no longer be
exposed to the many health risks created by smoking, and much more pleasant and
enjoyable experience could be had by all.
Sincerely,
Aaron Guetzlaff
~f¢(¢ ~ Pagelofl
Marian Kart
From: Mark Patton [markpatton@ivhfh.org]
Sent: Monday, October 31,2005 10:18 AM
To: council@iowa-city.org
Cc: Mark Patton
Subject: Change in CDBG funding terms for Habitat for Humanity
Dear Council Members:
The Council voted this past year to change the terms of CDBG funding for non-profit housing groups. The change
requires full repayment to the city of CDBG funding unless a Land Trust is created.
This change has given the Iowa Valley Habitat for Humanity Board of Directors pause (see attachment).
Due to a tight timeframe this spring to make the change, Mayor Lehman commented that the matter could be revisited for
reconsideration in the future. We are now asking you to reconsider the decision as it impacts the Habitat for Humanity
program: we request that you take action to change back to the former policy of a 15 year forgivable loan so that
our home owners can better afford their home and so Habitat can continue to build homes in Iowa City.
Thank you for your concern and interest in creating affordable home ownership opportunities locally.
Peace,
Mark Patton
Executive Director
(319) 337.8949
*** eSafe scanned this email for malicious content
*** IMPORTANT: Do not open attachments from unrecognized senders
10/31/2005
CDBG/HOME Funding History
Iowa Valley Habitat for Humanity has received funding over the past few years to purchase
lots in Iowa City utilizing the CDBG/HOME competitive funding. Up until this fiscal year
the funding had been a forgivable loan over 15 years: we guarantee the family living in the
home was at or below 50% of area median income. The average cost for a home to the
family recently has averaged less than $85,000 and combined with a 0% interest mortgage
(all mortgage payments go into the Fund for Humanity to build more homes: we now have
enough coming back from 12 years of building that we can build one home per year
without fund raising).
The change in award policy from a forgivable loan to a 0% loan this past year has caused
the Habitat board to reconsider use of the CDBG/HOME funds. The board of directors is
faced with three choices:
1) Pay the loan back to the city in full, thereby diverting funding from future builds via our
Fund for Humanity. It is estimated that repayment of CDBG/HOME funding would
prevent $2400 per year per home for 20 years from going back into future Habitat homes
in Iowa City.
2) Create a Land Trust and not have to pay back the loan. This means the family does not
have ownership of the land and presents some troubling long-term concerns. Does the
value of the home lag behind its neighbors since it has to remain affordable for 99 years?
If the value lags, what incentives do the owners have to keep it up properly or improve it?
Will conventional financing be available to low/moderate income qualified families to
purchase a home on leased land in the future? In addition, there is a $15-$25 per month
cost to administer the Land Trust in perpetuity: a cost borne fully by the homeowner.
3) Forego use of CDBG/HOME funding altogether since choices listed in #1 and #2 above
and stop building in Iowa City since soaring lot prices make it nearly prohibitive. This is
not desirable from Iowa Valley Habitat for Humanity's perspective. The city would have
one less avenue through which affordable homes could be created. Habitat for Humanity
has been building homes in the Iowa City area for eleven years. The homes built prior to
2005 pay more than $14,000 per year in property taxes; that amount will increase by an
additional $4,500-$5,000 per year with the completion of the four homes under
construction this year.
Habitat for Humanity is the only non-profit group in the area that provides those earning
less than 50% of area median income with home ownership opportunities. In add n:
-We don't require on-going public subsidies to maintain the homes, c-~
-Our families pay 100% of the property taxes due on the home. ~
-And we involve hundreds of volunteers from churches, service clubs and busine~__v~ho--
want to build homes in partnership with families in need. C3 7< .~.
Proposal ¢
We are asking the City Council to reconsider their action to change the CDBG/HOME
award from a loan back to a forgivable loan so that Habitat can continue to build
affordable homes in Iowa City.
Note: the following is wording from HUD regarding the intent of CDBG funding decisions:
HUD CDBG Target Requirements
"Over a 1, 2, or 3 year period selected by the grantee not less than
70% of the CDBG funds must be used for activities that benefit low-
and moderate-income persons. All activities must meet one of the
following national objectives for the program: benefit low- and
moderate-income persons, prevention or elimination of slums or
blight, community development needs having a particular urgency
because existing conditions pose a serious and immediate threat to
the health or welfare of the community."
~ ~.. (~l)Pagel°fl
Marian Karr
From: Greater lC Housing Fellowship [gichf@avalon.net]
Sent: Tuesday, November 01, 2005 4:43 PM
To: cou ncil@iowa-city.org
Subject: HOME/CDBG Investment Policy
To Members of the City Council:
I write to express my support for the request from Iowa Valley Habitat for Humanity to change the terms of HOME/CDBG
awards to a forgivable loan for Habitat to acquire land.
I have reviewed the information that Habitat will submit at tonight's meeting and I also want to respond to the statement by
Habitat regarding Land Trusts. Greater Iowa City Housing Fellowship has established and implemented a successful
Land Trust in Iowa City to offer affordable homeownership to income-targeted, first time buyers. I don't
understand Habitat's long term concerns, because a Community Land Trust is a proven strategy here and in many parts
of the United States. Our Land Trust is a result of lots of consultation with experts and much careful planning. Land Trust
home owners pay full property taxes on the land and home.
The efforts of Habitat and the Housing Fellowship are complementary - we offer different strategies for affordable
homeownership to different income groups. The Housing Fellowship supports all local efforts to assist with affordable
homeownership.
Sincerely,
Maryann Dennis
Executive Director
Greater Iowa City Housing Fellowship
11/1/2005
City of Iowa City
MEMORANDUM
TO: City Council
FROM: Eleanor M. Dilkes, City Attorney
DATE: October 24, 2005
RE: Appeal from Historic Preservation Commission's denial of application for
Certificate of Appropriateness; 517 Grant Street (Maria A. Duarte)
The purpose of this memorandum is to set forth the rules that govern your consideration of
the above-referenced appeal. In deciding the appeal you must first determine:
1. Whether the Commission exercised its powers and followed the guidelines
established by law and the Historic Preservation regulations of the City Code;
and
2. Whether the Commission's action was patently arbitrary or capricious.
You will receive a memo from Planning staff regarding the appeal, outlining the applicable
guidelines that govern the Historic Preservation Commission's decision. Element No. 1
above requires you to determine whether the Commission followed (used/relied on) these
guidelines. Element No. 2 requires you to determine whether the Commission's decision to
deny the application was patently arbitrary and capricious. A decision is "arbitrary" or
"capricious" when it is made without regard to the law or the facts of the case. Arora v. Iowa
Board of Medical Examiners, 564 N.W. 2d 4, 7 (Iowa 1997).
The above-stated "standard of review" is a narrow one. Council is not entitled to substitute
its judgment for that of the Commission. In other words, you may not reverse the
Commission's decision merely because you disagree with it. Rather, if you find that the
Commission exercised its powers and followed the guidelines established by law, and that
its decision was not patently arbitrary or capricious then you must affirm the Commission's
decision.
If you find that the Commission did not exercise its powers and follow the guidelines
established by law or did act patently arbitrarily and capriciously you may, in conformity with
the provisions of the Historic Preservation regulations, affirm (for a different reason), wholly
or partly; reverse, wholly or partly; or, modify the decision of the Commission to deny the
application. You may make such decision as ought to have been made, and to that end you
will have the powers of the Commission. In other words, you will stand in the shoes of the
Commission and are bound by all the guidelines and rules that govern the Commission's
decisions on applications for certificates of appropriateness and may make a decision in
accordance with those guidelines and rules.
With respect to your deliberations in connection with the above, it is essential that you read
the entire record of the proceedings before the Commission and all information submitted to
you as part of the public hearing process. You are required to decide the appeal within a
"reasonable time." If, at Tuesday night's meeting, you are in need of any additional
information in order to make a decision then you should continue the public hearing and
October 24, 2005
Page 2
defer a decision. The agenda is only intended to give notice that a motion to decide the
appeal may be made. The substance of that motion is, of course, unknown at this point. If,
on Tuesday night, you decide that you have all the information you need and no further time
for deliberation is necessary you should close the public hearing and decide the appeal. The
motion to decide the appeal will be in the form of a motion to affirm or reverse, wholly or
partly, or modify the decision of the Historic Preservation Commission concerning the
application. The reasons for your decision must be clearly articulated.
If you have any questions, please contact me.
cc: Sunil Terdalkar
Bob Miklo
Karin Franklin
Doug Boothroy
Steve Atkins
Marian Karr
Mitch/BIHPC- Duarte Appeal/EMD memo
City of Iowa City
MEMORANDUM
TO: City Council
FROM: Richard Carlson, Vice-Chair HPC and Sunil Terd~Associate Planner
DATE: October 18, 2005
RE: Pertinent guidelines regarding the appeal of Historic Preservation
Commission denial of a Certificate of Appropriateness for covering the
built-in gutters for the roof at 517 Grant Street
At its meeting held on September 08, 2005, the Historic Preservation Commission reviewed
an application for a Certificate of Appropriateness from the applicant, Maria Duarte. The
request for approval was for covering the built-in gutters on the north and south elevations of
the house, an action partially carried out with no prior permit. The property is designated as
a contributing structure in the Longfellow Historic District. The Historic Preservation
Commission found that this alteration did not comply with the Iowa City Historic Preservation
Guidelines or the Secretary of Interior's Standards for Rehabilitation. The Iowa City Historic
Preservation Guidelines (Section 4.11) state the following:
Disallowed:
Roof slope
* Altering the roof slope near the gutter when covering historic built-in gutters.
The guidelines allow covering the built-in gutters and applying exterior gutters only if the roof
slope at the gutters is not altered. In this case, the CommisSion found that the gutters will be
covered with a wooden plank and roofing material such that the roof slopes and the overall
roof profile will be changed.
Copies of the following documentation relating to the application for certificate of
appropriateness for 517 Grant Street are attached to this memorandum:
Application for Historic Review and accompanying photographs;
Staff Report;
Minutes of September 8, 2005 Historic Preservation Commission Meeting;
Resolution / Denial of Certificate of Appropriateness; and
Maria A. Duarte letter appealing to City Council and accompanying pictures.
Application for
located in a histori
Code Section
the process and
Handbook, which is available in
- ~ icgov, orgtHPhondbook. · ~: '
Meeting
During the summer months
Applications are due in the PCD Offi~,e by noon on Wednesday the week prior ,El Minor review
to the meeting.
Applicant Information
(Please check primary contact Address of
~1[ Owner ..~.~,l~[ .....
Phone .,.....~.,..~.,.~,, .2~....~...~.~....~_.. ............................................
Address
email HistOrli= atiOn
F1 C~' This pro~|s: a'ioCal~ht~coric landmark
Address .......................................................................................... OR ' '
Phone .........................................................................
email .............................................................................................
[3Consultant ...............................................................................
Address ..........................................................................................
Phone ............................................................................................. CI Clark Street ~,~s~r~don District
....................................................................................................... C3 District
email .......................................................... ...................................
District
Application Requirements
Attached are the following items:. ~'
CI Site plan , ~
C3 Floor pla'ns
~ Building elevations
~ Pho'togna~l~hs
CI Product information
FI Other ..........................................................................
If
a significant alteration ~
please .
Provide a written descrip~on c~f tl~ prOpOSe~ prO~e~t'~sn the~
second page ,e~ts ~aldi~ation.
Project
Materials to be used
Staff Report
Septemb~ 02, 2005
Distxict:
Classification: Contributing
The applicant, Maria Duart. ~ addition at
517 Grant Street, the
cxtsting built-in gutters on the house toremedy:the existing problems.
Applicable R _egulafions ,atld s:
Please refer to following sections:
4.0 Iovga Ci(y GtU'deh~es £ar~tlterations
4.11 Gutters and Downspouts
StatY Comments
The guidehnes allow covering of the built-in gutters, provided the roofsl0pe atthe gutters is maintained. The
apphcant intends to cove~ the gutters such that the slope at the gutter ~ill b~ Changed. staff ~ecommends using
alternative method to cover the gutters. Alternatives to remedy the problems ~th gutters should also be explored as
this would prove be the long-term solution.
Historic Preservation Commission Minutes
September 8, 2005
Page 8
can go to staff for final approval. Ponto said that the Commission has already agreed in principle, and the
details just need to be worked out.
517 Grant Street. Weitzel recused himself as Chair and from consideration of this item. Carlson led the
meeting at this point as Vice Chair.
Terdalkar said that this is a contributing structure in the Longfellow Historic District. He said that the
application is to cover the built-in gutters on the existing house. Terdalkar said that the proposal is to do it
in such a way that the roof slope at the end of the gutters will be changed.
Duarte, the owner of the house, said that the main problem is on the south side of the house, where she
has been fighting leaks for years. She said that the built-in gutters are very attractive. Duarte said she has
tried different ways of fixing the gutters. Duarte said that the awning is the bump out in the dining room,
which is the problem area, because there is also a dormer right above that.
Duarte said that from the information she has been able to gather, putting some kind of membrane lining
there would work for perhaps five years. She said she did not think she should constantly have to worry
about whether or not she would have a leaky ceiling because she lives in a historic district. Duarte said
that all of the roofing contractors she has spoken with have recommended this as the most practical and
secure way to take care of these problems. Duarte said that she would like to also do the north side, for
symmetry with the south side.
Duarte said she has driven around the neighborhood and does realize that some things were
grandfathered in. She said it does seem, however, that this is indeed the preferred method. Duarte said
that what she proposes may be against her original structure of the house but is certainly consistent with
the historical way of solving a problem. She said that while these gutters may aesthetically be very
pleasing, she thinks that functionally it is a design flaw. Duarte said she hopes that common sense
overrules strict adherence to a historical artifact. She said that neither Grant Street nor much of the
Longfellow District has anything architecturally that is really all that wonderful. Duarte said she would like
to have her house not leak and would like to be able to do it in the simplest way.
Duarte said that this change is small and is pervasive in the neighborhood. McCallum asked if there
would be an endcap, and Duarte confirmed this.
Carlson said that the DRS discussed this project, and, unfortunately, it seems very cut and dried. He said
that under disallowed, the guidelines include "altering the roof slope near the gutter when covering
historic built-in gutters." He stated that the Commission actually does not have any leeway to allow this.
Carlson said the question for the Commission is what other alternatives it can come up with.
Duarte said that if the Commission will not consider anykind of exception, then basically what is there is
the fiat solution. Weitzel said that on the north side of his house, he put in a membrane roof and an ice
barrier product sufficiently far up the slope so that there will not be snow or ice damage back up there
underneath the shingles on the roof, where he suspected the problem was. He said that before he bought
the house, there was a slope put on the south side where snow collects. Weitzel said that snow sits there
for three or four days and then all comes off at once. He said that on the north side, where he installed
the membrane and ice guard over five years ago, he has never had a leak.
Duarte said that her house has the original gutters. She said she also has an avalanche of snow coming
off on the south side but does not have one on the north side. Duarte said she was disappointed that the
Commission would not make an exception for this. She said she feels her only choice is to enclose them
with a fiat solution, although she was not convinced that this is not going to continue to create some
problems in the long run.
Duarte asked, if she were inclined to go ahead with her project, what the consequences would be of her
being in violation. Brennan said that technically each day that this is in non-compliance would be a
separate violation, theoretically, although he did not know if it ever went that far.
McCallum said that if the change were voted down, this could be appealed to the City Council. Weitzel
said it could be overturned only if the decision were arbitrary or capricious, and this is clearly in the
guidelines. Enloe agreed that the guidelines are very clear on this point.
Historic Preservation Commission Minutes
September 8, 2005
Page 9
Duarte said she finds maintaining the gutters that she currently has to be unacceptable and sees this
proposal as her best option. She said she should be able to know what the penalty is for continuing with
the project. Terdalkar said that the City would impose any penalty, and the Building Department would
decide if there would be a penalty. He said he believed that it would be double the price of the building
permit, which would depend on the construction estimates. Duarte asked if the fine would be imposed per
day. Brennan suggested that Duarte call the Building Department and/or the Legal Department to get
information about the fine.
Enloe suggested that Duarte consider looking at alternatives. He said that there may be higher
technology solutions to the problems that she is currently experiencing. Enloe said there are more
options, and the options of flat solutions may be greater than Duarte is currently aware of. He said they
might not be so onerous to install and they may be quite effective, so that it would be worth exploring with
roofing contractors.
Gunn said that his porches have internal gutters and they're fine. He said that the internal gutters have
sometimes been covered with a very Iow pitch, essentially flat, and then the external gutter is applied.
Gunn said it is not a full internal gutter, but it does retain the roof lines, and there is a gutter applied on the
outside.
Duarte said that she is certainly willing to consider the idea of a flat cover if it will keep her house dry. She
asked if the Commission would approve some kind of flat cover. McCallum said that would not change
the appearance of the house. Maharry said that if the appearance is not changed, there is no material
effect.
MOTION: McCallum moved to approve a certificate of appropriateness for the project at 517 Grant
Street, as proposed. Enloe seconded the motion.
Enloe stated that it is clear to him that the guidelines forbid this. McCallum said that he did not feel that it
was that big of a modification and said he would support it. Brennan said he did see anything wrong with
the proposal. He said, however, that the guidelines are clear on this subject, and the City Council adopted
them, so he had no option other than to vote against this.
Enloe called the question. Maharry seconded.
The motion failed on a vote of 1-6, with McCallum voting in favor.
Carlson relinquished chairmanship of the meeting back to Weitzel.
415 Clark Street. Terdalkar stated that this is a contributing structure in the College Street Conservation
District. He said that the Commission had recently previously approved an addition proposed for this
property, with certain conditions. However the applicants have a new proposal and he added that the
proposal is, in general, consistent with the guidelines.
McCafferty said that the addition has been revised will be detached from the garage to get rid of the roof
issue. She said that the eaves may have to be a little deeper than what is on the house in order to get
appropriate ventilation but will still generally look similar to the house. McCafferty said the two double
hung windows on the south elevation are much wider than the applicants wanted on that side. McCafferty
said that there is actually an existing window on the dining room side right in front of the garage. She said
the owners would like to have windows of that dimension, but because this will be used for sleeping, it
would not meet egress to do a double hung window of that width. McCafferty said the applicants therefore
request to install windows of that same dimension as the one in the dining room, but they would have to
be casement windows to meet egress.
McCafferty said that because of the [revised] roofline, the owners likely won't have to take out the second
story dormer window. She said she would ask the Commission to approve an alternative to allow the
shortening of the window minimally probably about four inches, if necessary, ~o accommodate the pitch of
the roof on the addition. McCafferty said she would have to change the roof and thought she could get the
window in just below, but she wanted that option if things turned out differently during construction. She
said that the roof on the existing addition then can get to three/twelve and still get in just below that
Iowa City
Historic Preservation Commission
City 1 Jail, 410 I'; \X.'ashington Street, Iowa City. I:\. 52240
RESOLUTION
DENIAL OF CERTIFICATE OF APPROPRIATENESS
$17 Grant Street
A meeting of the Iowa City Historic Preservation Commission was held at the City Hall on September 8,
2005 at 7:00 p.m. The following members were present: Michael Brennan, Richard Carlson, James Enloe,
Michael Gunn, Michael Maharry, Mark McCallum, Jim Ponto, and Tim Weitzel.
By a vote of 1-6 with Weitzel recused, the Commission denied a Certificate of Appropriateness, for the
proposed alteration at 517 Grant Street, a contributing property in the Longfellow Historic District. The
Commission denied the Certificate for the covering of built-in gutters on the house in a manner such that it
would change slope of the roof at the gutters. The Commission found that the alteration is. specifically
disallowed by the Iowa City Historic Preservation Guidelines and is not consistent with the Secretary of
Interior's Standards for Rehabilitation.
The decision may be appealed to the City Council, who will consider whether the Historic Preservation
Commission has exercised its powers, and followed the guidelines established by law, this article of code, and
shall determine if said commission has acted in a manner that was arbitrary or capricious (Iowa City Code,
Article 14-4C-7G). To appeal, a written letter requesting the appeal must be fried with the City Clerk no later
than 10 business days after the date of this resolution.
· ~ma Weitzel, Chair
IoWa City Historic Preservation Commission
~' S~nil Terdalkar, Associate Planner
Iowa Ci~ Planning & Community Development
Date
517 Grant Street SE}~ 2 8 2005
Iowa City,, IA 52240
September 26, 2005
~ear Co~cil ~mb~rs:
I am writing to appeal the decision of the Historic Preservation Commission to deny me a
Cel~tificate of Appropriateness that would allow me to enclose the gutters on my house and to ask
for a variance on the basis of undue hardship.
As part ofa reshingling job to repair hail damage to my roof, I decided to enclose the built-in
gutters on my home. After consulting a number of roofing contractors over the past fifteen years
about a recurring leak on the south side of my house, I xvas convinced that the most effective
long-term solution to the problem would be to enclose the gutters. To maintain symmetry, I
decided to enclose both the south and the north gutters. When the roofers began the work, Tim
Weitzel, chair of the Historic Preservation Commission and next-door neighbor, came over and
informed them that they could not proceed with the work to enclose the gutters. (They happened
to have stm~ed the job on the no~th side of the roof.)
After speaking with Mr. Weitzel, and meeting with the building inspector, I petitioned the
Historic Prese~wation Commission for permission to enclose the gutters. At the Historic
Preservation Commission meeting, Mr. Weitzel mcused himself and did not vote, but he
remained for the discussion and took an active role in it. DmSng the discussion, Shelley
McCaffe~3', who happened to be in attendance, handed me a card suggesting I contact Emerson
Adrishok. Several commission members indicated this would be a good idea.
The Commission's stated reason for denying my request was the fact that historic preservation
guidelines specifically disallow enclosing built-in gutters when such enclosures alter the pitch of
the roof near the gutters. Instead, they recommend blocking them horizontally. When I consulted
Emerson Anddshot, he advised me that because of the steep pitch of my roof above the gutter,
horizontal blocking would cause problems in the winter because of the weight of the snow/ice
that would collect on the horizontal surface.
The other solution recommended by the histOrical presen, ation guidelines, relining the gutters,
would provide only a short-term solution because of the age of the gutters and the number of
repairs done over the years. The angle of the trough within the gutters has been decreased by
repeated recoatings over the years, and the only long-tetxn solution that would allow proper
drainage with the built-in gutters would be to rebuild them. I did not inquire about the cost of
relining the gutters because I have been repairing the gutters (eve~3' couple of years) for the past
twenty years and am now looking for a long-term solution, not another short-term solution.
I discussed the cost of rebuilding the gutters with Emerson Andiishok, and he informed me that
assuming no unexpected hidden damage, which he would not be able to see until he began to tear
down the gutters, rebuilding the gutters xvould cost about $3,000.
I am now faced with two long-term solutions to the problem--rebuilding the gutters for at least
$3,000, or enclosing them at an angle, causing the roof to flare slightly at the bottom for $600. I
believe, and hope you will agree, that being forced to spend at least five times the amount
necessary to maintain my home leak fi'ce and prevent further damage, represents an undue
hardship.
This burden seems especially um'easonable in view of the fact that the solution I am seeking to
apply is the one that has been used historically in the neighborhood. Although I had not noticed
how prevalent flared roofs were in the neighborhood before this started, in the past couple of'
weeks I have been looking at rooflines as I drive around the Summit Street and Longfellow
historic districts and have found that most of the houses that originally had built-in gutters now
have the "tell-tale" flared roof lines.
I have not done a complete survey, but in the course of my normal driving in and out of the
neighborhood (on Summit between Burlington and Sheridan, Count between Summit and Grant,
and Grant between Coral and Center), I found the following houses with gutters enclosed in the
way I propose to enclose mine: 435, 507/509'? (no visible number on house; located between 503
and 513), 523 (Tim Weitzel's house, south side only) Grant Street; 1110, 1111, 1112, 1117, 1118,
1120, 1133, 1154 Court Street; 330, 430, 508, 705, 709, 710, 715 Summit Street. In addition to
photos of my house (work inten-upted after notification of problem), I am enclosing photos of
435, and 507/509? Grant Street, and 705 Summit Street. I selected these three as examples
becaUse the), represent three different styles of homes in the neighborhood.
Even if all of these changes to original roof pitches were done before the area received the
historic district designation, the fact is that this was clearly the neighborhood wa)' of dealing with
a common problem associated with built-in gutters. On these same streets, I saw only a couple of
homes that still had open built-in gutters and none that appeared to have had built-in gutters
enclosed with horizontal blocking. In view of this neighborhood histol3,, I believe the Historic
Preservation Commission's decision represents not only the imposition of an undue hardship on
me, but also an arbitrary and unreasonable action that does not take into account the specific
history of the neighborhood.
Sincerely, ~ ~rl J
·