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HomeMy WebLinkAbout2011-06-07 Correspondencer ^ 4 1 CITY OF IOWA CITY 3 1 ..m INN ow COT MEMORANDUM Date: May 5, 2011 To: Tom Markus, City Manager From: Ronald R. Knoche, City Engineer Re: Competitive Quotation Results EECBG Mercer Recreation Center Improvement Project Competitive quotations for the EECBG Mercer Recreation Center Improvement Project were opened on May 19, 2011 and the following quotes were received: Merit Electric Iowa City, IA $ 72,900.00 Advanced Electrical Services Iowa City, IA $ 97,350.00 Olney Electric North Liberty, IA Bid Withdrawn Engineer's Estimate $ 68,000.00 Public Works and Engineering recommended and the City Manager awarded the contract to Merit Electric of Iowa City, Iowa. The project will be funded with EECBG funds. EECBG Robert A. Lee Recreation Center Improvement Project Competitive quotations for the EECBG Robert A. Lee Recreation Center Improvement Project were opened on May 18, 2011 and the following quotes were received: Advanced Electrical Services Iowa City, IA $ 52,073.00 Merit Electric Iowa City, IA $ 58,100.00 Olney Electric North Liberty, IA $ 70,191.00 Engineer's Estimate $95,450.00 Public Works and Engineering recommended and the City Manager awarded the contract to Advanced Electrical Services of Iowa City, Iowa. The project will be funded with EECBG funds. 06 -07 -11 3 2 Marian Karr From: Tom Markus Sent: Monday, May 23, 2011 10:08 AM To: 'katee. b.lynch @gmail.com' Cc: *City Council Subject: FW: Citizen Survey Dear Katee: Thank you for your email communication to the City Council. Council members do not receive their emails directly. Your message will be forwarded to them and accepted as official correspondence at the next Council meeting. You pose some important considerations. Please allow me to provide some information that I hope you will find beneficial. There are different thoughts on the best approach to conduct surveys. The City of Iowa City is conducting a statistically valid +1 -5% of Iowa City registered voters from current information provided by the Johnson County Commission of Elections. Registered voters are considered to be the best source of information about local issues. Telephone numbers used are a combination of both land line and cell phone. A telephone survey allows citizens to speak with a person and express concerns that may be captured for additional analysis. Mail surveys tend to take longer to complete and may not be as reliable. During our discussion to select a survey company we considered national firms that specialize in this area; however, we chose The Thomas Group, a small locally owned family business that has been working with cities for a number of years. National firms tend to offer off the shelf products, however, we felt we needed a survey designed to meet the specific needs for Iowa City which is what our consultant did for us - working together to identify the issues and develop survey questions. While we understand focus groups can be many and varied, we chose to use the telephone survey process as a method to receive input from our citizens. The survey process was chosen to provide statistically valid stakeholder information for a cross section of our citizenry and businesses. While stakeholder focus groups may have provided additional information we believe with the number of stakeholder groups located in Iowa City that use of the surveying tool instead of multiple focus groups was a more efficient and statistically valid approach to achieving stakeholder input. Thank you again for writing, Katee. I hope you find this information helpful. Sincerely, Thomas M. Markus, City Manager Iowa City From: Katee Lynch < katee. b. lncnch@ gmail .com <mailto:katee.b.lynch(i ,gmail.com>> Date: May 14, 20119:51:29 AM CDT To: <councilkiowa- city .org <mailto: council kiowa- c�or >> Subject: Citizen Survey I read your news release about an upcoming survey of citizens. This is something I am studying as part of my political science studies in college. I keep current with Iowa City happenings since I grew up here. Regarding the survey I have the following comments and questions: I notice you are relying solely on a phone survey. Have you considered printed, mailed surveys? These can be done at much less cost. I am also wondering what your methodology is to make ensure that cell phone users are represented in the survey. University students and others of all ages are relying solely on cell phones now and traditional phone surveys are often at odds with the goal of reaching a representative group. University students are also vacating the city for the year at this point in time since the academic year is over. This might result in an underrepresentation of university students in the survey. I did not see the name of the national survey company in the news release. There are several top ranked firms that deal exclusively with citizen satisfaction surveys. The national city management assoc. also has a relatively low -cost system that many cities use. The reason I ask this is that it would be helpful to provide the name of the survey group in the news release so that when people see that name on their caller ID, they might be more apt to answer the phone. As you know, many use their caller IDs to screen their calls, and if they don't recognize the name they will just let it ring thinking it is a telemarketer. Will their be any option for an online survey? I realize this would not be considered scientific, but it might be a way to involve others that are not one of the few hundred called for a telephone survey. The results could be separated out from the phone results for purposes of the tabulation. I read with interest the section on "focus groups ". I was really surprised that only city staff are included along with Council in the focus groups. This appears to be a lost opportunity to receive input from both local leaders and citizens, such as business and industry executives, University administration, church/non - profit representatives, etc. Focus groups by definition are a way to inject fresh, outside ideas into an organization, to keep it in touch with needs and expectations of its customers, in this case citizens. Just having city staff, many of whom I understand have significant seniority having been in place for several decades, may not be the best way to get this process off to a good start as far as setting innovative goals which may take quite a bit of management energy to achieve. Certainly staff should be represented, but their opinions should be balanced with those of the citizens. I don't believe the staff should be the sole primary input group along with the City Council. Most similar survey processes involve a facilitator who gathers input from many sources, not just municipal employees. It makes the final end product more credible if citizens are represented in the process. Thanks for your consideration and best wishes on this project. I hope the survey process will be repeated regularly to measure continuing trends with citizen satisfaction and concerns, along with assessment of goal achievement. I look forward to viewing the results on the city website when they are released. I'll watch for a news release when that occurs. ow :31q (3 Marian Karr From: Matt Hayek Sent: Friday, May 13, 2011 4:18 PM To: Marian Karr Subject: FW: "dude" housing... a growing cancer for the NearNorthside From: Steve Smith [stephenksmith @hotmail.com] Sent: Friday, May 13, 2011 7:47 AM To: Matt Hayek; Mike Wright; Ross Wilburn; Susan Mims Subject: FW: "dude" housing... a growing cancer for the NearNorthside I am forwarding this to the other council members. Unfortunately, 2 members do NOT have email addresses for the public to contact them. I respectfully ask that they join the world of modern communication, and obtain email through the City - -makes it a lot easier and less expensive for us citizens to contact them. Perhaps one of you who receives this email can send smoke signals or semaphor or pony express to Councilman Dickens and Councilwoman Champion. Be sure and write it with a quill. thank you, Steve Smith From: stephenksmith @hotmail.com To: regenia - bailey @iowa - city.org Subject: "dude" housing... a growing cancer for the NearNorthside Date: Fri, 13 May 201107:36:03 -0500 Dear Councilperson Bailey, Hello! We hope you are well and the burdens you carry don't strain your trapezius! I'm Steve Smith. My wife and myself live at 431 N. Van Buren St. (gray house, corner of V. Buren/Fairchild). There is a persistent problem, and we don't know if anything can be done about it. Here's the issue: wealthy parents buying their little boys houses in the Near North side, and their boy is a freshman college student who then rents out rooms to his buddies -- making the house, essentially, a mini fraternity house or dorm house. The greedy parents are happy, because they get the ever - increasing equity after sonny -boy leaves and they sell. The problem with letting this type of property transfer occur in our neighborhood is that it's slowly beginning to make us single - family folk reconsider staying in this neighborhood. Becky and I enjoy the mix of some student housing (big old houses that have been sub - divided into rooms for a long time). Slowly but surely, there is a dwindling number of families, retirees, working folks, etc. because of "dude -dom ". If the "boys" (and most are freshman and uncivilized, screaming drunk and taking up the streets pretending they're Coach Ferentz's new quarterbacks) live here, they often are loud, get drunk and scream at each other, walk past our house yelling and being totally oblivious that their egos and "id" are not compatible with living in peace with their neighbors -- houses close together. In the "olden" days gone by, one COULD live close to ones neighbor because the neighbor WAS a neighbor and was conscious of being a GOOD one. I have been told that there is an ordinance to prevent "nursery houses" for us to "raise" someone else's kids..... call the police... tell them to be quiet .... over and over. They are spoiled rich kids, and quite frankly, raising one family is enough for us. We shouldn't have to "raise" and civilize other folks kids. So here's what happens. To get around whatever ordinance or law there is about single - family ownership, Papa and Mama in Illinois decide that rather than put their little darlings in a dorm, they can treat our neighborhood like a dorm, buy the kid a house, put his name on the title as 1 % owner with Mom -zie and Pop -zie as the true absentee owners. So basically, Junior and his buddies have skirted the regs, and have made a lovely nuisance house for us all to endure. Is there no way to prevent this from happening? I see so much work going into making this an historic district. The city makes programs available to keep the houses well- maintained by low - interest loans. We all want this neighborhood to thrive and to keep its unique nature. Don't let parents turn nice homes into fraternity houses. But if you allow absentee ownership of houses, they will immediately turn into there "dude" houses. I was talking with one of our neighbors across the street, and she said she and her husband were getting to the point where they were debating whether or not to stay. They love their old house as do we. They've sunk money into making it a nicer place (as have we). All that's threatened by this silliness of the Game of Titles going on under the council's "nose ". Mrs. Keith across from us has grown infirm and has just moved to assisted living, and HER house is now on the market. So now we wait, shivering with fear that it will become another "dude" house, directly across from our houses. I beg you and the council to consider that making historic district designations, putting up Goosetown signs, etc. etc. are not enough. We need action from the council to keep these mini -dorms from destroying the character of our neighborhood. Once a house is a single family unit, it should not be secretly made into "multi ". Because, if you do NOT act, I guarantee that soon, people like the Smiths, our friends the Dreiers may be forced out by this silliness. And if we go, what happens to the Packers next door? They have a baby and Eva who's about 6 or 7, and who wants to be surrounded by screaming dudes from all sides. I'm sure it's not pleasant for folks with little kids. If there are ordinances /zoning on the books that aren't being enforced, then let's enforce them. If there are not in place the correct ordinances to keep these nuisance houses from growing like a cancer, then the NearNorthside is doomed to dorm -dom. Period. No more families. No more trick or treaters. No more kids for Horace Mann. Or two sons had such a wonderful youth, roaming the alleys in safety. Walking to school only 3 blocks away. That's priceless for a family. And having a front porch to sit on and meet your neighbors. This is very unique and a vanishing way of life in America, where everyone doesn't know their neighbors, and they face inward living on sidewalk -less subdivisions and never meeting anyone. And we truly do enjoy the well- behaved students walking by-- especially during the fall when it's football time. It's fun to live in a mixed neighborhood where the "kiddies" have a few places, but only a few. If the City of Iowa City keeps a blind eye to this, then no matter what ordinances you pass on keeping the houses looking "original" or trying to preserve them..... the "kids" will destroy it all if it's only them who are left. They don't give a damn about the houses. A house to them is just a place to "crash ", process beer through their systems, and scream bloody epithets that resonate up and down the block. Thank you for your time, Steve Smith (and for Becky), 431 N. Van Buren St. 52245 354 -1895 Marian Karr From: Mike Moran Sent: Wednesday, May 18, 2011 10:53 AM To: 'julia- ham @hotmail.com' Cc: Council; Marian Karr; Kathryn Johansen Subject: FW: A move for the Farmer's Market? U04 Thank you for submitting your comments on the Iowa City Farmers Market. I wanted to give you some additional information regarding the process and the timeline. The City received a request from the Downtown Association (DTA) to discuss their idea of possibly moving the farmers market from the Chauncey Swan Parking garage on Saturday mornings to the downtown area for the 2012 season. Preliminary discussions have begun with several City departments and the DTA to gather more information on what they have in mind regarding this process. Several things need to happen to get this started. The DTA has been asked to bring the City a proposal showing us the particulars of what it is they want to do. They have been asked to have discussions with the Parks and Recreation Commission, the Farmers Market Vendors and eventually present their proposal to the City Council. As of today, we are waiting for a proposal from the DTA. Once that is received, additional discussion will be held with the Commission, followed by the vendors and then the City Council. Please remember, this proposal is for the 2012 season which will give all of us ample time to react to and comment on a proposal during the 2011 market season. If you need any additional information or have further questions please feel free to contact us. Michael Moran CPRP Director Parks and Recreation 220 S. Gilbert St. Iowa City, Iowa 52240 319 -356 -5104 From: J. Ham [mailto:julia- ham @hotmail.com] Sent: Saturday, May 14, 20118:34 PM To: Council Subject: A move for the Farmer's Market? Please say it isn't so - move the Farmer's Market? I was in town for the first Saturday market, Mother's Day weekend. No doubt the perfect spring weather was a draw for the crowd, and welcome to the vendors. As I made my way through the market I heard commnts /concerns that the Council is considering moving the market from it's current location to downtown. I make regular visits to Iowa City as I have family that live in town. The farmer's market is a regular stop on these weekend visits. Just like the postman, we have attended in any and all types of weather. Each time we comment on how nice it is to have the market in such an ideal spot to provide shelter and parking so close at hand (and thanks to the city for the parking meter exemption in the Rec Center lot). From what I can tell, the Market enjoys an extremely loyal vendor and customer base. Has there been any meaningful dialogue offered with either of these groups to this possible move? What rationale could be presentede to move the market to a more inconvenient location - inconvenient for the vendors, for the customers, for citizens of Iowa City due to closure of city streets during market hours. My guess is that downtown merchants are seeking a piece of the action. Please don't make a short- sighted decision. You have a real gem in the market, in it's current location. While images of vendors lining the downtown streets will make for great publicity opportunities, truth be known that Iowa summers are notoriously warm and humid. What a welcome relief to shop in a shaded and cool environment. Thank you, Julie Ham 1428 Northwestern Avenue Ames, IA 50010 515- 232 -2862 M116) Marian Karr r From: steve @irenew.org Sent: Tuesday, May 24, 2011 1:21 PM To: Council Cc: irenew @irenew.org Subject: Fw: I -Renew solar cell phone charging Dear Iowa City Council members, Last week I sent a request to Kathryn Johansen requesting permission to offer free cell phone charging in the Pedestrian Mall. She responded this week by telling me our educational not -for profit COULD NOT do this. After scouring the code I cannot see why we would be prohibited from doing this. We have not built the charging device yet because if we cannot use it in our own town it would diminish it's usefulness. It will be about the size of a rolling suitcase and would be used to educate citizens on how even small electrical loads add up to substantial demand and offer a free small solution. I was hoping that you might be able to assist or shed some light on why not. I called Tom Markus who differed to Dale Helling but I have not heard back and thought that the matter should be brought to your attention. Steve Fugate I -Renew Managing Director Office: 319 - 338 -1076 Cell: 319 - 331 -4831 Fax: 319 - 338 -2182 From: steveCabirenew.orci Sent: Friday, May 20, 2011 11:19 AM To: kathryn- johansen(aiowa- city.org Subject: I -Renew solar cell phone charging Kathryn, Here at I -Renew we are working on ways to help illustrate reduction electrical demand and carbon footprint and came up with the idea of offering FREE solar powered cell phone charging. This would be a mobile unit with about a 2'x2' footprint that would allow us to offer to charge electronic devices with the sun. There would be no electricity required and would be free to passers by. I was thinking we would sit on one of the benches near the fountain that the sun hits during the afternoon. Would we need some sort of permit? Steve Fugate I -Renew Managing Director Office: 319 - 338 -1076 Cell: 319 - 331 -4831 Fax: 319 - 338 -2182 Arlington Development RE: Stone Bridge Preliminary Plat To: Iowa City, City Council Council members, The preliminary plat for Stone Bridge Part 7, 8 and 9 were approved at the end of July, 2009. The preliminary plats are only effective for two years. Due to the slowdown in housing I would like to ask the council to extend parts 7,8 and 9 for two more years from the date of expiration. Sincerely, 1 John Moreland, Jr. 3 7 N -Ti �1 "[ N tV tv 3 8 Marian Karr From: Veronica Tessler <veronicatessler @gmail.com> Sent: Wednesday, June 01, 2011 12:41 AM To: Council Subject: Issue with opening new business on Ped Mall Dear City Council: I am writing as a resident and prospective small business owner in Iowa City that was denied the opportunity to open up my business as planned. After months of financial investment and preparation for an opening, I was recently informed of my inability to move into the desired store location despite successful lease negotiations and recent approval of my floorplan by the City Manager's office. My proposed business is a novel, family - friendly, alcohol -free eatery, yet I am being denied the ability to open my business indirectly by the city's zoning ordinance pertaining to new liquor stores. The storefront which I had intended to move into is located at 108 E. College St. (132 S. Clinton St. per the City Assessor's office). The building -132 S. Clinton St.— consists of two units. The plan has been to start my business in the smaller unit that is currently occupied by Sauce, a convenience /liquor store that is looking to expand to the larger, adjacent storefront. The issue is that my ability to move in is contingent upon Sauce's successful relocation to the adjacent larger unit. Since Sauce sells alcohol, it needed approval to relocate by the City's Attorney. Just last week, I learned that the city attorney's office recommended denying Sauce's request, citing the zoning ordinance that prohibits new liquor stores from opening within 1000 feet of existing liquor stores. Because Sauce's proposal to relocate is considered by the city as a new liquor store, they cannot move, and that prevents me from leasing their current space as planned. I have been actively searching for a small shop to open up my business for nearly one year now, and 108 E. College is truly the ideal size and location for my shop. As you well know, smaller commercial spaces in the downtown area are very hard to come by, so I felt very lucky to have come across the space for rent. The unintended consequence of the ordinance keeps a new, family- friendly business from operating downtown. My proposed business is a self -serve frozen yogurt shop, whereby the customer chooses the yogurt flavors of their lilting and adds fruit and candy toppings. Self -serve frozen yogurt shops have been opening all across the country, including in nearby cities such as Chicago, Madison, Omaha, and Kansas City. My shop would be the first of its kind in Iowa City. I was planning on initiating modeling of the store as of June 1, with the goal of opening for business July 4 weekend. My business would contribute to a family- and student - friendly atmosphere in the downtown Ped Mall area. I would greatly appreciate the opportunity to discuss with you at your earliest convenience how this decision has impacted me, a potential small business owner in downtown Iowa City. I can be reached by cell phone at 808 - 631 -9020. I hope to hear from you soon. Sincerely, Veronica Tessler w Marian Karr From: Regenia Bailey <bailey @avalon.net> Sent: Tuesday, May 31, 2011 7:48 PM To: Marian Karr Subject: FW: Decriminalize Marijuana Attachments: SurveySpreadhseet.pdf; Research Paper. pdf From: regenia - bailey @iowa- city.org [mailto:regenia- bailey @iowa- city.org] On Behalf Of S Flatte Sent: Tuesday, May 31, 20119:43 AM To: matt -hayek @iowa- city.org; ross- wilburn @iowa - city.org; connie- champion @iowa- city.org; mike- wright @iowa- city.org; terry- dickens @iowa- city.org; regenia - bailey @iowa- city.org; susan -mims @iowa - city.org Subject: Decriminalize Marijuana Dear Iowa City Council members. For my AP Government class, I researched the issue of marijuana decriminalization. From a combination of student surveys and research, I have arrived at the conclusion that marijuana penalties in Iowa are too harsh. The full results of my survey are available in the attached spreadsheet, and the conclusions drawn from it are available in the attached research paper (both .pdfs). Some of the most important conclusions include: That the use of marijuana would increase only from 12% to 14% in the event that marijuana was decriminalized. That the use of marijuana doesn't have sufficient health consequences to justify incarceration as a penalty for use That the use of marijuana doesn't cause violent crime, meaning that there is no justification for incarceration as a penalty for use. I concluded that decriminalization of marijuana would be overall beneficial to Iowa City and provide for a punishment that better fits the crime. Thank you for your time Shecharya Flatte Co II cl- Ca a) +i +! (U 0 3 0 (U E me 0 co _r_ CY) ca (j) � U) U). w U) U) U)� U)l Ul U), U) + + i i | | | | | | m� ! | E | | � +| +| +� � ' � +� ! ) ! oo� �� � m E au))� | | ! | | | | | | | 0 co m�� � i | +!+|+ + +/+ + +|+ +/+� +� i � | ' � i | ` | | � CU, | � ! ! ! | | ! � ( ) ! � i | / | ! ! m� ! | E | | � +| +| +� � ' � +� ! ) ! oo� �� 1. 18 out of 49 respondents had tried marijuana, with 4 preferring not to respond. Approximately 40% of the student populace. Students surveyed were a combination of AP Gov. students and State /Local students. 4 respondents indicated that they habitually use marijuana. 2. 27 out of 42 respondents thought current penalties for marijuana use are injust. This is about 65% of the students. 3. All habitual users thought penalties for marijuana use are injust. They also all believed marijuana should be legalized. 4. 12 out of 17 (70 %) people who have tried marijuana once think current penalties for marijuana use are injust. 5. 23 out of 45 (51 %) respondents thought marijuana should be legalized. Slightly more than 50% Of those 23, only 6 respondents believed they would be more likely to try marijuana if it were legal. 6. 24 out of 43 (55 %) respondents believed current penalties for marijuana use do not deter use. 9 of those who believed this had tried marijuana. 6 people who believed penalties did deter use had tried marijuana. 7. 37 out of 49 (75 %) respondents indicated that they would not be more likely to try marijuana if it were legal. 4 of those who believed they would be, had already tried marijuana, causing a corrected percentage of 82% Research paper [analysis of survey]Comparing items 6 and 7, respondents probably irrationally believe marijuana laws do not deter use, while at the same time are deterred. 75% of the student populous indicate that they would not use marijuana even if it were legal, yet 55% of respondents believed penalties do not deter use. It is clear that there are other factors aside from laws that prevent use. As much as 30% of students who wouldn't use marijuana if it was legal still thought that it was the law that deterred use. Furthermore, the remaining 18% of students (based on corrected percentage in #7) who have never tried marijuana would not necessarily try it if it were legal. The question asked whether a student would be "more likely" to try marijuana or use it habitually. It did not ask whether the student would. This question most likely caused false positives for . In addition, of 17 people who had tried marijuana, only 4 reported habitual use. That indicates an —25% chance that any person who tries marijuana will become a habitual user. Taking into account that students who refused to respond to the question about habitual use probably use marijuana habitually, in a "worst -case scenario ", only 16% of students would actually become habitual users, compared to 12% now. In a far more likely scenario, we'd see about 13 -14% of students becoming habitual users. Marijuana use is not dangerous to others. Ignoring health risks of 2nd -hand smoke (which will be addressed in the "danger to self' paragraph, the only potential danger to others from the use of marijuana is dangerous actions taken while high. Marijuana use has not been linked to violent crime.[1] Marijuana use is characterized by a "peaceful" high, relieving pain and stress. A person who is high on marijuana is actually less likely to be willing or capable of hurting another person. Furthermore, accidental deaths from marijuana highs are unlikely. Studies show that marijuana use does not impair driving. Drivers compensate for their high by driving more slowly, and often are less given to have "Road Rage ".[2] The two major causes of death from other drugs such as alcohol (accidental and violent) are non - linked to marijuana use. While marijuana use may impair your ability to perform certain tasks, it does not do so at even close to the level of alcohol. Marijuana use is also not dangerous to the self, or at the very least is safer than both cigarettes and alcohol. First, marijuana is less addictive.[3], and from the study I performed, only 25% of people who had tried marijuana were habitual users. If 75% can simply stop, it is significantly less addictive than both alcohol and cigarettes. Marijuana is also not a "gateway" drug, according to a 12 -year scientifically rigorous study by the University of Pittsburgh.[4] People are more likely to choose a drug based on relative availability than because they've tried a different drug before. Finally, marijuana use does not carry with it the health risks that tobacco does. Lung cancer has little to no tie to marijuana use.[5][6] The problems, and the solutions. A strong majority (65 %) of students believe that penalties for marijuana use are injust. After doing some research into the penalties for marijuana use, I agree. State law sets a penalty of 6 months in jail, and a $1000 fine for your first offense (possession). In order to justify incarcerating a person, that person must be a danger to themselves or others. Incarceration as a penalty for nonviolent crimes sets a dangerous precedent for law. Merely possessing marijuana does not constitute a threat to anybody, in the same way that owning a gun doesn't constitute a threat to a person until it is used. Similarly, the sale of marijuana also does not constitute a threat to anybody (with the exception of tax evasion, questionably a threat given the impossibility of paying taxes on an illegal substance). Either way, imprisonment should not be a penalty unless the person arrested is found to have used marijuana. If marijuana use is not dangerous to others, it is difficult to justify incarceration for use. Incarceration fulfils two roles in society. First, it is a way to get dangerous criminals away from potential victims. People who have been locked up are incapable of hurting others. As I have shown in the previous paragraph, marijuana users are not any more likely, and are probably less likely to be dangerous, nullifying this possibility. Second, it acts as a form of deterrence and retribution. People who are locked up are effectively "paying" for their crime, and the fear of being locked up is enough to prevent many people from taking an action. In order to determine if retribution or deterrence is successful, we must look at whether the government has a vested interest in deterring or claiming retribution from marijuana use. Given that marijuana use is either not dangerous or less dangerous than other legal actions such as tobacco and alcohol use, Government does not have a vested interest in deterring or claiming retribution for marijuana use, and thus marijuana use should not carry a penalty of incarceration. Hence the primary solution: Iowa City should pass a city ordinance reducing the fines for marijuana use, and cease using incarceration as a punishment entirely. Iowa City should also devote less police time and tax money towards finding drug users. In the interests of preserving educational benefits for children, anti -drug campaigns in schools should continue, as well as imposing harsher punishments on students for marijuana use. Distribution of marijuana to students under the age of 18 should carry a substantially higher fine than distribution to adults in order to deter sales to children. Such an action would free up a substantial amount of money from the costs of incarcerating marijuana users. It would also reduce the workload and cost of the police force. It would still carry many of the deterring effects of marijuana use and distribution (Identified in my research paper as illegality (55 %) and general ethical concerns (20 %)), while at the same time reducing excessively harsh punishment for use of a nondangerous drug. It would not lead to a substantial increase in habitual marijuana users (12% to 14% is likely), and it would avoid federal conflicts over legalizing actions the federal government has banned. 1. httr)://www.justice.clov/ndic/pubs07/997/mariduan.htm Connecticut department of justice. In the opening paragraph, it says explicitly that marijuana use does not cause violence. The distribution of marijuana causing violence is a seperate issue and one solvable by legalization 2. http://ccciuide.org/driving. php A variety of studies are listed, the only impairment to driving under the influence appeared to be tracking ability (found in one study), while many studies showed improvement in driving. 3. httr)://www.erowid.orci/r)lants/cannabis/cannabis myth9.shtml 4. http: / /sciencebloci com/ 12116 /study- says- marijuana -no- gateway -drua/ 5. http' / /www washingtonpost com /wp -dyn/ content / article/ 2006/05/25/AR2006052501729.htm1 6. http: / /www webmd com /lung - cancer/ news / 20060523 /pot - smoking- not - linked -to -lung- cancer 7. Survey of AP Gov and State /Local students at Iowa City High, May 2011