HomeMy WebLinkAbout11-07-2000 ICPD Reports/Memos ICPD TRAINING
DATE: November I st, 2000
TO: Chief Winkelhake
From: K.Hurd
REF: Oct. Training Report
At Scene Accident Investigation
10/02-06/00
40 Hours
Officer Humiston
MTTU IV
Training in the area of At-Scene accident investigation. Details what initial officer
should be looking for. Training in identifying vehicle and roadway evidence.
Introduction to basic speed/momentum formulas used in advanced accident
investigations. 1st in a series of four classes.
Child Exploitation
10/02-06/2000
40 Hours
Officer Steva
Kansas City
Training in the identification and investigation of child abuse/child exploitation
investigations. Including working with other agencies, i.e. hospitals, DHS etc. Included
dealing with children.
Midwest Hazardous Devices Tech. Conference
10/02-05/2000
32 Hours
Cedar Rapids
Officers Leik and Lorence
Training in dealing with hazardous device incidents. Included update training, new
trends and new technologies. Also included training in equipment use.
TIPS
10/10-11/2000
16 Hours
Davenport
Officers Akers and Mebus
Training in Intervention Procedures. Training for officers in the instruction ~
allows officers to train servers of alcohol in identification and intervention techn~qu,e,~ for
~ntox~cated persons. Also trains servers in their duties and responsdbihtles, as, ser~?~o(
alcohol.
Fall Range Training
10/16-19/2000
8 hours
Iowa City, Tiffin Gun Club, Cedar Rapids PD range
Physical Fitness assessment - stretch, sit-ups, pushups, 300 M mn, 1.5 mile run. Training
in the 1187 shotgun and familiarization and trapshooting. Qualification with 1187
shotgun. Annual night handgun qualification.
APCO Training
10/17-18/2000
Des Moines
ECO Sereduck and Peterson
Training in radio communications including new trends and technologies. Included
recommendations for procedures for dealing with officers and the public.
Chemical Munitions Instructor Training
10/23-27/2000
40 Hours
ILEA
Officer Akers
Training for an instructor in the use and deployment of chemical munitions. Officer will
be able to train other officers in the use and deployment of chemical munitions including
the crowd control applications.
Homicide Investigations
10/21-25/00
24 Hours
Kansas City
Officer Gonzalez
Training in various aspects of death/homicide investigations. Including working with the
surviving family members of homicide victims.
SRT Range training
08/22-23/00
8 Hours
17 SRT members
Training in firearm techniques and handgun qualification including training on the 1187
shotgun and qualification and night handgun qualification.
SRT Situational Training
08/22-23/00
8 Hours
17 SRT members
Review of SRT manual, review of school emergency procedures, and practice of downed
officer rescue techniques.
Watch Training #s
01-10 Supplemental Accident Reports
00-17 Hazardous Materials
01- 03 Diplomatic Immunity
00-16 10-50 PI
Copy: City Manager
Captain Widmer
?CRB
Examination of the Crime Scene Acid Bombs
by George Schiro Ralf Kreling
Pal m Beach County Fla. S/O
Louisiana State Police Crime Laboratory
Adapted from Sept. 2000 Policemagazine
Before the investigators begin examining the scene of See complete article for additional information
the crime, they should gather as much information as
possible about the scene. Once again, a slow and When we think of bombs and bombings, we often
methodical approach is recommended, information is
gathered to prevent destruction of valuable and/or picture and expect to see destruction in the
fragile evidence such as shoeprints, trace evidence, immediate area. The acid bottle bomb will not
etc. Once all of the information is gathered, a mental cause the type of destruction we usually associate
plan is formulated as to how the crime scene will be with a bomb, but nonetheless, they are dangerous
analyzed. Copious notes and relevant times should be and will cause serious bodily harm.
kept on every aspect of the crime scene investigation.
The examination of the scene will usually begin with a You respond to a suspicious item on a front lawn.
walk through of the area along the "trail" of the crime. Upon your arrival you observe a thin cloud of
The trail is that area which all apparent actions smoke coming from what appears to be a plastic
associated with the crime took place. The trail is soda bottle in the middle of the lawn. The smoke
usually marked by the presence of physical evidence.
This may include the point of entry, the location of the coming from the bottle is thin and grayish in color.
crime, areas where a suspect may have cleaned up, Upon approaching it appears there is some liquid
and the point of exit. In some cases, a walk through in the bottle. What you don't take into account is
may become secondary if potential evidence is in the fact that the grass around the bottle is rapidly
danger of being destroyed. In that case, this evidence turning brown. The wind switches direction and
should be preserved, or documented and collected as suddenly you find yourself surrounded by the
quickly as possible, smoke. Your eyes, nose and throat are burning.
The purpose of the walk through is to note the location You have just become the victim of an acid bottle
of potential evidence and to mentally outline how the "bomb".
continued on page 2 There was no explosion, which you would have
recognized as a bomb. Any "explosion" would
I N S I D E T H I S I S S U E have sounded similar to fireworks. In all likelihood
the bottle failed at its weakest point. There was
~l Examining the Crime Scene not enough pressure built up to cause an audible
explosion of any consequence,
~l Acid Bombs
What is an Acid Bomb
4 Ways Not To Start Your Report Acid bombs are popular with juveniles. They are
easy to make with common household items,
none of which have any restrictions. Toilet bowl
cleaners, swimming pool chemicals, household
cleaners... These common materials can be used
to manufacture either an acid baSg~eC~tiJ~[~pg~ea~
trainln
continued from page 1
scene will be examined. The walk through begins as layout of the evidence andi'.E$(rel~v~nce to the crime
close to the point of entry as possible. The first place scene. If videotaping in a residence, the camera can
the investigators should examine is the ground on show how the pertinent rooms are laid out in relation to
which they are about to tread. If any evidence, is each other and howt~,ican:belac¢¢$s~d.;:
observed, then a marker should be placed at the
location as a warning to others not to step on the item Still Photography
of interest. Whether a wdeo cam, era ~s ava~lable.,or not, ~t is
A good technique to use indoors on hard floors is the absolutely essential [ha;("~rtill photographs be taken to
oblique lighting technique (also known as side document the crime scene. If a video camera is
lighting). A good flashlight with a strong concentrated available, then photographs will be the second step in
beam is the only tool needed. The room should be recording the crime scene. If video is not available,
darkened as much as possible. If a light switch which a then still photography will be the first step.
suspect may have touched needs to be turned off, Photographs can demonstrate the same type of things
then make sure the switch has been dusted for that the videotape does, but photographs from the
fingerprints first. Do not close any blinds or shades crime scene can also be used in direct comparison
until after all general photographs have been taken. In situations. This is the advantage of photographs over
the side lighting technique, a flashlight is held about videotape.
one inch from the floor. The beam is then angled so Almost any type of camera with interchangeable
that it just sweeps over the floor surface and is almost lenses and a format of 35mm or larger will do in crime
parallel to the surface. The light is then fanned back scene photography. It may be of help to the
and forth. Any evidence, such as trace evidence and investigation to have a Polaroid camera handy for
shoeprints, will show up dramatically. Under normal instant photographs. For example, an instant
lighting conditions, this evidence may be barely visible photograph of a shoeprint found at a crime scene can
or completely invisible, be provided to investigators who are running a search
As the walk through progresses, the investigators warrant on a suspect's residence. The photo will tell
should prevent depositing of unwanted fingerprints at them the type of shoe for which they are searching.
the scene. As a final note on the walk through, the The photography of the crime scene should begin with
investigators should examine whatever is over their wide-angle photos of the crime scene and surrounding
heads (ceiling, tree branches, etc.). These areas may areas. When shooting the general overall scene, the
yield such valuable evidence as blood spatters and photos should show the layout of the crime scene and
bullet holes. Once the walk through is completed, the the overall spatial relationships of the various pieces of
scene should be documented with videotape, evidence to each other. A good technique to use
photographs, and/or sketches, indoors is to shoot from all four corners of a room to
show its overall arrangement. The next set of photos
Documenting the Crime Scene
should be medium range to show the relationships of
individual pieces of evidence to other pieces of
Videotaping the Crime Scene evidence or structures in the crime scene. Finally,
If available, a video camera is the first step to close up photos should be taken of key pieces of
documenting a crime scene. Videotape can provide a evidence. A ruler should be photographed with items
perspective on the crime scene layout, which cannot where relative size is important or on items, which
be as easily perceived in photographs and sketches. It need to have one-to-one comparison photographs.
is a more natural viewing medium to which people can The object should first be photographed as is, then
readily relate, especially in demonstrating the structure photographed with the ruler. It is important that when
of the crime scene and how the evidence relates to the doing one-to-one photography that the ruler is on the
crime. The video camera should have a fully charged same plane as the object being photographed and the
battery as well as date and time videotape display film plane is parallel to the ruler. This is why a level
functions. The condition of the scene should remain and a tripod are necessary. Notes should also be
unaltered with the exception of markers placed by the taken as to what the investigator is photographing or
investigators and any lights turned on during the walk wishes to demonstrate in each photograph. This is to
through. These alterations can be noted on the audio prevent the investigator from getting the picture back
portion of the tape. Once the video camera begins at a later date and trying to figure out what he or she
recording, it should not be stopped until the taping is was trying to accomplish with the photo. The same
complete. The key to good videotapCng is slow camera areas should be photographed in the same sequence
movement, as mentioned above in the paragraphs on videotaping.
The taping should begin with a general overview of the (Continued pg. 4)
scene and surrounding area. The taping should
continue throughout the crime scene using wide angle,
close up, and even macro shots to demonstrate the
training 2
continued from page 1
UPCOMING TRAINING i"i . ' caustic; alkali based bomb. By mixing the
· primary ingredient with other readily available
The following is a listing of training which MAY, be c l ~naterials in a plastic bottle they can create a
available. DO NOT consider th~s 'a posting. Any 'chemical reaction which, may result in the release
request to attend based on this listing will not be'' Of materials that can cause injury and or damage.
C"., '-.:,-, :.,'. ~, These are cheap, easy to make devices, which
considered a request to attend. 1;~",'~;~r~ ": ~-:'.'"'~' initially appears harmless. However, these bombs
will often emit hydrochloric acid or other
CALENDAR OF EVENTS
byproducts in a vapor form. (Plastic 2 liter soda
T"A~N~MGEVENT bottles are made to withstand an internal
PLACE MTTU IV pressure of 120-130 psi.)
DATE NOV. 20-22 Hazards
Domestic Violence This simple device is capable of harming persons
TRAINING EVENT who come in direct contact with the substances or
the resulting smoke and debris from the breach of
PLACE MTTU IV the container. The inhalation of 5 to 35 pads per
DATE NOV· 28-30 million (ppm) of hydrochloric acid may cause
Reid Interview/Interrogation irritation/burning to the throat, coughing and
choking. Exposures of 100 ppm may be
TRAINING EVENT immediately life threatening, causing ulceration to
PLACE MONTGOMERY HALL the mucous membranes of the eyes, nose, throat
DATE 01/08/005CONSECUTIVEWEEKS and lungs· In the above situation, the officer
MATS would need to promptly clean/wash/dilute all
exposed areas. This would probably mean
TRAINING EVENT calling an ambulance for assistance and then
PLACE WASHINGTON COUNTY RANGE going to the ER for treatment.
DATE 11/29
SUPPLEMENTAL RANGE TRAINING Safety Precautions
When responding to a call such as this you can
Accreditation Update take several precautions to decrease the
likelihood of becoming a victim of these type
devices.
General Order 99-09 has been reissued as a
green order. A section requiring Tis or Recon. 1. Approach up wind.
to complete their report within 30 days or the 2. Advise other units of the safest route to the
Watch Commander will provide an explanation area.
as to whythe repod is not complete. 3. Notice your surroundings, is anything
discolored? Are there pieces of aluminum foil
General Order 00-09 Organization was issued, around'?. It is often used to cause a reaction.
It is consistent with the depadment's 4. Don't think you must act immediately.
organizational structure· 5. Call for assistance; bomb tech., rD.
General Order 99-11, Arrests has been 6. When dealing with evidence use gloves and
reissued as a red order. Iowa code section protective eyewear.
804.8, Breaking and Entering Premises, - 7. Never smell the substances you find at the
Demand to Enter has been removed. If you scene·
are entering a private premises to execute an 8. DO NOT place aluminum foil or other
arrest warrant you must also have a search materials from these devices into a sealed
warrant for that property, container.
General Order 00-08, Weapons went into
effect 10/30. It identifies authorized weapons These type incidents will be investigated jointly by
and specifications for there carrying and the Police Department and the Fire Department.
deployment. The department's "Bomb" Tech. should be called
to deal with these situations.
training 3
(continued t'rom pg. 2) (From American Police Beat, a magazine for cops)
Crime Scene Sketching 9 ways not to open a report
The final phase in documenting the scene is making 1. It was the best of times, it was the worst of times ...
a crime scene sketch. The drawback of photographs
is that they are two-dimensional representations of 2. The names contained in this report have been
three-dimensional objects. As a result, most
changed to protect the innocent...
photographs can distort the spatial relationships of
the photographed objects causing items to appear 3. The mayor then made an illegal left hand turn onto
closer together or farther apart than they actually are. Mulraney at which point I opened fire...
If spatial relationships of the evidence are important
or if something needs to have proportional 4. Before I get into the details, I've got a few"shout-
measurements included in it for calculations (such as outs" for my homeys in the command staff...
bullet trajectory angles, accident reconstructions,
etc.) then a sketch must be made of the crime scene. 5. It was so dark and wet that night you could almost
A sketch is usually made of the scene as if one is eat the mist. The radio call penetrated the eerie silence
looking straight down (overhead sketch) or straight
ahead (elevation sketch) at a crime scene. A rough with such piercing intensity that for a moment, I was
sketch at the scene is usually made first on graph sure I'd lost my mind...
paper in pencil with so many squares representing s9 6. Got call. Responded. Arrested bad guy. The end.
many feet or inches. Using a tape measure or other
measuring devices, measurements are taken at 7. Mye pertnar an eye wher on petrol wen we seen a
crime scene of the distances between objects and/or man act suspishushly...
structures at the crime scene. These measurements
are proportionally reduced on the rough sketch and 8. The suspect then tried to assault me by repeatedly
the objects are drawn in. Two measurements taken slamming his face into my fist...
at right angles to each other or from two reference
points will usually suffice in placing the objects where 9. A long time ago, in a galaxy far, far away...
they belong in a sketch. A final sketch can be made
later using inks, paper, and ruler, or a computer. The
original rough sketch should be retained and
preserved in case it is needed at a later date. Once
the scene has been thoroughly documented then the
evidence collection can commence.
This and That
There have been requests for additional firearms training time. To meet this request we will re-institute a past
practice of making a range and firearms instructor available to officers once a month. This training will be on
the 2nd SRT range day each month. A firearms instructor (Sgt. Heick or Officer Nixon) will be available at the
designated range for 1.5 - 2 hours. The firearm instructor will determine the course of fire, Hours will be
arranged prior to SRT beginning their firearms training, Officers may use their monthly ammo allocation
and/or bring additional ammo of their own. This is a voluntary program; NO OT will be authorized. We need
to have at least 3 off-duty personnel signed up by the Friday before the scheduled range date. On duty
personnel may attend AT THE DISCRETION OF THEIR WATCH SUPERVISOR. The first scheduled date is
Nov. 29th. Forward your notice to attend to me by 15:00 on 11/24.
When you are required to purchase gas while attending a training session, the receipt MUST be forwarded in
order to be reimbursed for the purchase. This includes paying for gas out of a travel advance. Failure to
submit a receipt may result in denial of reimbursement.
To listen well is as powerful means of communication and influence as to talk well. John Marshall
training 4
· · :, .,,¥A
IOWA CITY POLICE DEPARTMENT
TRAINING BULLETIN 01 -21
DATE: Oct. 1st, 2000
TO: Commanders (All Sworn)
FROM: k. hurd
SUBJECT: Supplemental Accident Reports
This weeks' watch training deals with the use of the DOT supplemental accident
report. In particular the video details when officers are required to complete a
supplemental accident report, how it is to be completed and where to find the
required information.
Cc: Chief Winkelhake
Capt. Hamey
Capt. Widmer
Watch Training 0i-10
Supplemental Accident Report
Scenario - A Clear Creek/Amana school bus stops for a red light. An Iowa City
Community School district bus bumps the rear of the Clear Creek bus. There are no
injuries and approx. $2500 of damage. The Clear Creek Bus is owned by the school
district. The Iowa City School bus is owned/operated by Ryder Student Transportation.
Critical Issues - What forms need to be filled out? For which vehicle(s) does a
supplemental accident report need to be filled out? How do I correctly fill out the form?
Discussion - The attached video details when and how to correctly fill out a
Supplemental Truck and Bus Accident Report. In the above scenario a supplemental
report would need to be filled out for the Iowa City school bus, as it is owned and
operated by Ryder Student Transportation, a private carrier. If Clear Creek/Amana
school district owns/operates its own bus system, a report would not be needed as the
school district is a governmental agency, which is exempted from the supplemental report
requirements.
;--: ' '.~ VEHICLE INFORMATION
G. Gross Vehicle Weight Rating
1 Iowa Departme_nt ,of Trans ~l~o~,atl~l~t i, ? lbs. Power Unit
' lbs. Trailer
Iowa Supplemental Truck & Bus , lbs. Trailer
Accident R'gport :~ ~
H. Axles on Vehicles: (Including Trailers)
When to use form - answers to questions below determine use.
Did this accident involve: I. Hazardous Material Involvement
Did vehicle have haz mat placard? [] Yes [] No
1. Truck with at least 2 axles 6 tires or any size vehicle with haz 2. From placard or shipping gaper, indicate 4-digit UN or
mat placard? [] Yes [] NO NA number or hazard cla~,; name:
2. Bus with seats for 16 or more people, including driver? 3. One digit number from bottom of placard, if shown:
[] Yes [] No
4. Was hazardous material released? (Don't count fuel from
If Response To Both Questions Above ls "No," Do Not 'Fill Out Form, fueltank) [] Yes [] No
ACCIDENT INFORMATION J. Vehicle Configuration
l.[] Bus
A-I. Carriers Identification Numbers 2. [] Single-unit vehicle: 2 axle, A tires
U.S. DOT ICC MC g 3. [] Single-unit truck: 2 axle, 6 tires
&-2. Carrier's Name 4. [] Single-unit truck: 3 or more axles
5. [] Truck/trailer
Source: I. [] Vehlele Marking 6. [] Truck tractor (bobtail)
2. [] Shipping Paper 7. [] Tractor/semi-trailer
3. [] Driver 8. [] Tractor/doubles
9. [] Unknown heavy truck
\-3. Carrier's Address
K. Cargo Body Type
2. [] Van/enclosed box
B. Date of Accident ~ton~h Day / Year 3. [] Cargo tank
4. [] Flatbed
C. Time of Accident: [] AM [] PM 5. [] Dump
T)-[. Accident Location: (Number/Name of Highway~Street) 8. [] Garbage/refuse
9. [] Other
D 2. Township/City
L. Sequence of Events: (for this vehicle)
)-3. County 2 3 4 Ran off road
2 3 4 Jacknife
t-I. Truck or Bus Driver's Name 2 3 4 Overturn
2 3 4 Downhill runaway
2 3 4 Explosiofior fire
t-2 Driver's License Number: 2 3 4 Separation of units
~ -3 State: 2 3 4 Collision involving pedestrian
2 3 :1 Collision involving motor vehicle in transport
2 3 4 Collision involving parked motor vehicle
F. ~Vas any vehicle towed as a result of damage received? [] Yes [] No 2 3 4 Collision involving train
2 3 ~1 Collision involving pedalcycle
2 3 4 Collision involving animal
2 3 a Collision involving fixed object
2 3 4 Collision involving other object
2 3 a Other
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS
WHEN TO USE FORM: Only if accident meets both of the following criteria: f-, [
· The accident involved a trUck with at least two axles and six tires or a hazardous..~.~, material~,;,,, pla~ar~! ~[gbus designe~
to carry mors than 16 passengers, including driver. ~[~[i'; i~ ~ - I ~:~ ~
~ng_~gl~ortable under thc
WHAT TO FILL OUT: Complete all questions on form for any accident that qualif~-::aS
conditions above. 6~^ ,~ ~ '~",:
· Single truck or bus aeeid_ents - Complete all questions.
· Multiple truck or bus accidents - If more than one truck or bus was involved in the accident, complete all questions
in the right hand column plus questions A-C and E on a second form (and third or more, if needed). On each additional
supplemental form enter the report number followed by A for the first vehicle, the report number followed by B for
the second vehicle, etc.
DATA ELEMENT INSTRUCTIONS
ACCIDENT INFORMATION
A. Carrier's Identification: 1. Carrier's identification numbers - Enter the US DOT and ICC MC numbers, ff the carrier has such numbers.
22 Carrier's name - Enter the name of the motor carrier company from the first available source (vehicle marking,
shipping papers, or driver) and check the appropriate box on the form.
3. Carrier's address - Enter carrier's principle place of business.
B. Date of Accident: Enter month, day, and year.
C. Time of Accident: Enter hours, minutes; then check "AM" or "PM."
D. Location: Enter number or name of highway or street, township or city, county, and state where accident occurred.
E. Driver's Identification: Enter truck or bus driver's name, driver's license number, and state of issue.
F. Vehicle Towaway: Check appropriate space.
VEHICLE INFORMATION
G. Gross Vehicle Weight Rating: Enter rating separated out by unit. This rating should appear on the vehicle manufacturer's
tag.
H. Total Number of Axles on Vehicle: Enter the total number of axles on the truck or bus. lnclude the axles on truck
semi-trailers and trailers.
I. Hazardous Material Involvement:
1. Respond by checking "Yes" or "No" - IF THE ANSWER IS "NO" DO NOT COMPLETE #2 and #3.
2. Enter the 4-digit number OR the hazard class name from either the placard OR Shipping paper.
3. If the placard shows a one-digit number on the bottom, enter that number here.
4. Respond by checking "Yes" or "No."
J. Vehicle Configuration: Check appropriate box.
K. Cargo Body Type: Check appropriate box.
L. Sequence of Accident Events: (Enter information only for the truck or bus in question.) Circle one to four events that
happened to the truck or bus that is the subject of this report.
IOWA CITY POLICE DEPARTMENT
TRAINING BULLETIN 01-24
DATE: Oct. 9th, 2000
TO: Commanders (All Sworn)
FROM: k. hurd
SUBJECT: VVT 00-17 HAZMAT
This weeks watch training deals with considerations in a motor vehicle crash
involving a HAZMAT. We can best assist the fire department and HAZMAT team
by identifying the material and securing / clearing the area to the extent possible.
The fire department will have primary responsibility in these type situations,
investigation of the related accident will need to wait until the situation is
stabilized.
Cc: Chief Winkelhake
Capt. Hamey
Capt, Widmer
Watch Training 00-17 '-! · --'~- ?
HAZMAT
Scenario - You respond to the scene of a tractor-trailer in a ditch. Upo/n iyour a~rri~alsyou
observe the tractor in the ditch ~hed ~dPee~)~leY}anr~kO~trta~erg~yT~e~ee~.~;~l~ ~iT~h.~
a liquid visible, running down
fire.
Critical Issues -
As the first responding officer with only the above information would you attempt to
assist the lying on the ground? Pros/Cons
What would be your primary concerns?
In this case your safety should be a primary concern. You need to ensure that your
actions do not add to the problem. If you go down, you have created an additional rescue
problem and deleted available personnel. Where should you park? (upwind/uphill)
Are there signs that this is a Hazmat incident? Is the truck placarded, is it labeled? If so
what do they signify? Where is your DOT Emergency Response Guide? Is there
significance to the person lying on the ground?
If the person on the ground were someone other than the driver, the Ist responding officer
should attempt to locate the driver. If located he/she should be able to provide shipping
papers, or information that would identify the contents of the tank.
What steps should you take?
To the extent possible you need to isolate and deny entry in to the area. Additional units
will need to create a perimeter. The responding units should be advised that this is
potentially a Hazmat incident so they can adjust their response accordingly.
In Hazmat incidents, a watch supervisor needs to be notified.
The ICFD needs to be notified. They will make the determination as to the call out of the
Johnson Connty Hazmat team. The ICFD will designate an incident commander for the
situation. Investigation of the accident is secondary to controlling the HazMat problem
and would have to wait until the situation is stabilized and a determination is made that it
is safe for the officer(s) to enter the immediate area.
The responding ambulance needs to be advised this is potentially a Hazmat incident so
they can make a staging or entry decision.
Discussion -
Once a determination is made that this is a Hazmat incident, Hazmat personnel will have
command of the scene. The ICPD will designate a person to serve as liaison with the
team.
If an evacuation is warranted how large of area needs to be evacuated? This will be
determined by the Hazmat official in charge of the incident, but it will be at least the size
recommended in the DOT manual. Downwind areas need to be evacuated first.
A decision as to entry/reentry to the area will be made by Hazmat command. Until
advised, entry should be denied to non-emergency personnel.
While they idea of not immediately attempting to rescue the person lying on the ground
may be counter to your instincts, your entry in to a hazmat area would very possibly add
to the problem. We am not equipped with any equipment that would protect you from
hazardous materials.
IOWA CITY POLICE DEPARTMENT
TRAINING BULLETIN 01-'25
DATE: Oct. 23rd, 2000
TO: Commanders (All Sworn)
FROM: k.hurd
SUBJECT: WT 00-13 Diplomatic Immunity
This weeks watch training deals with foreign nationals and diplomatic immunity.
The included tape runs for approx. 20 minutes. If there are questions about the
information, further information is available in the blue notebook in the WC office
or in the training office.
Cc: Chief Winkelhake
Capt. Harney
Capt, Widmer
Diplomatic Immunity
Scenario - While on routine patrol you stop a car for a traffic~.yiolatign, ..Upon
approaching the vehicle you detect an odor of alcohol and ask th&:driver 'tg:~it the
vehicle. The operator prowdes a drivers, hcense and then tells y~t~ 'that h;r :fat~'~i~ 49, a
diplomat from Aissur, and that she has diplomatic immunity.
Critical Issues -
How can you confirm if a person has diplomatic immunity7 To what extent does the
immunity go, i.e. can they be cited? How should I proceed? What should be done with
the vehicle?
Discussion - Thc associated video covers interactions with foreign nationals. Ref. the
issues listed above, the best place to begin the check for possible immunity would be the
persons identification provided by the Department of State. The information on this card
should be confirmed with the Dept. of State for thc current status. In addition if the
person does not have an identification card, the Dept. of State will be able to advise the
extent of any immunity. Also, thc DePt. of State will be able to advise of any restrictions
on thc immunity, i.e. it may only be while in the performance of their duties.
In the above scenario, if thc operator was covered by diplomatic immunity, she could not
be compelled to submit to a breatldchemical test or arrested for OWI. The officer would
be responsible for transporting the subject to a safe location. Because of her immunity,
the subject nor her possession or her vehicle could be searched and thc vehicle could not
be impounded. The officer could move the vehicle or have the vehicle towed to a safe
location but it could not be impounded.
As with all foreign nationals, the person has a right to contact their embassy when being
detained by the police. There is a booklet containing further information about
diplomatic immunity and containing contact numbers in the watch commanders and
training office.
IOWA CITY POLICE DEPARTMENT
TRAINING BULLETIN 01-26
DATE: Oct. 30th, 2000
TO: Commanders (All Sworn)
FROM: k. hurd
SUBJECT: WT 00-16 10-50 PI
This weeks watch training deals with considerations when there is a 10-50 PI.
What factors should an officer Consider? When should a TI or Reconstructionist
be ,called to the scene? In this scenario there is a likelihood of city liability. In
these cases a person trained at least through the level of TI needs to be called to ,
the scene.
Cc: Chief Winkelhake
Capt, Hamey
Capt. Widmer
Watch Training 00-16 .
10-50 PI -
Scenario - You are dispatched PI at a major intersection just p~¢'~.16 ~ l{ehVyS~/~it~c
period. Upon your arrival you learn that it is a car / pedestrian accident. There are
distinct tire marks leading from before the intersection up to the point of the involved
vehicle. The pedestrian is seriously injured and unable to provide any information. The
intersection is restricted due to ongoing repair of water main. The driver states that the
pedestrian stepped out from behind a large construction notice sign in the intersection.
After aiding the pedestrian you...
Critical Issues - (supervisor have an officer identify)
What actions should the assigned unit initiate?
What are the priorities that exist in this situation?
What notifications need to be made?
What reporting requirements exist?
Discussion -
A decision on routing the impending traffic surge needs to be made. Does the entire
street need to be closed and all traffic rerouted? Will closing part of the roadway
adequately protect the scene and allow traffic to flow through the intersection in a
restricted manner? What type of warning will approaching traffic need. Is there
sufficient manpower to handle the traffic situation or arrangements need to be made for
assistance from outside departments, agencies or off-duty personnel?
In the above incident an accident reconstructionist needs to be called to the scene. G/O
99-09, Vehicle Crashes, contains the following requirements; Fatality or Serious Injury
Crash. A motor vehicle crash resulting in a fatality or serious injury likely to lead to a
fatality will be investigated as thoroughly as possible. An accident investigator trained
through the level of Reconstructionist will be called to the scene.
The order further states; In any instance that there is a likelihood of city liability, a person
trained through the technical level of accident investigation should be called to the scene.
In the above scenario it you can reasonably anticipate that the city will be involved in
some type of litigation relating to the repairs being made and the drivers statement that
the pedestrian stepped out from behind the sign. I.e. was the sign placed properly?
In addition to the traditional state accident report the technical investigator will complete
a report. These reports need to be forwarded pursuant too G/O 99-09: In this instance, a
copy of the state accident report and any technical investigative reports will be forwarded
to the Commander of Field Operations or his/her designee. Fie/she will forward the
reports to the City Attorney's Office and to other city departments as requested.
Racial Profiling:
The Civil Riqht's Issue of the New Millennium
Sgt. Sid Jackson
Iowa City Police Department
Iowa City, Iowa
103rd Administrative Officers Course
Southern Police Institute
University of Louisville
JA 576 Managing Organizational Performance
Dr. William F. Walsh
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 3
LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................................................ 6
RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................................................................ 9
CONCLUSION ................................................................................................... 15
REFERENCES ................................................................................................... 16
INTRODUCTION
F' ', "~ ' -- ~ .-~-
The most recent controversy challenging law enforcement agencies !
nationwide is racial profiling. Racial or ethnic profiling is also known as ~riving~
While Black" (DWB) or "Driving While Brown (Russell999)" as in the case of
Hispanic drivers. According to a recent Gallup Poll Social Audit on Black/VVhite
Relations in the U.S., 59% of a sample of national adults aged 18 and older feel
racial profiling is widespread (Gallup 1999). Eight-one percent say they
disapprove of the practice. Racial or ethnic profiling is based on a faulty premise
that minorities commit a majority of drug offenses (Zolper 1999). As an attempt to
identify and arrest those people they believe are drug traffickers, some law
enforcement agencies have allowed or encouraged their officers to use racial
profiling to make traffic stops (VValsh 1999). Lawsuits are pending in several
states where racial profiling was alleged to have occurred (ACLU 1998). Most of
the evidence indicating the existence of racial profiling is anecdotal. Celebrities,
athletes, and some prominent citizens have come forward with stories of being
stopped by police or law enforcement officers for no apparent reason other than
they were African-American. Minorities who claim they were pulled over because
of their race have filed lawsuits. As well, the American Civil Liberties Union has
established a web site to help people who feel they have been victims of racial
profiling. The State of New Jersey entered into a consent decree with the U.S.
Justice Department concerning racial profiling conducted by the New Jersey
Division of State Police. The New Jersey Attorney General's Office admitted
racial profiling in traffic stops is "real, not imagined" (Farmer 1999). Th~
superintendent of the New Jersey State Police was fired over racially ~ns_eC~s~t~ve
remarks he made about racial profiling.
In Iowa City, there are community members that feel the town is one of the
most educated and diverse communities in the State of Iowa. Iowa City is a Big
Ten University community of approximately 60,000 people in a state that overall
is not ethnically diverse to any significant degree. Iowa City is located in
Johnson County, which has a total population of about 102,000 people. The1990
census indicated the largest ethnic group in Iowa City was Asian with around
3,700 people. In the last five years Iowa City, Iowa has seen an increase in
Hispanic residents, currently estimated at 670 people, and African-Americans,
which number approximately 1,700 people. The percentages are expected to
increase for Hispanics and African-Americans in the upcoming U.S. Census. The
Iowa City Police Department is also somewhat representational of the local
population in its lack of ethnic diversity. There is one Hispanic officer and two
African-American officers who are sworn officers (75 total) in the Iowa City Police
Department.
During the past five years, the Iowa City Police Department has observed
an increase in criminal street gang related activity. Several local gang-affiliated
individuals have ties to Chicago-based criminal street gangs and have been
involved in the sale and distribution of crack cocaine. These individuals have also
been linked to two shootings in the Broadway Street and Taylor Street
neighborhood. This problem severely affected the quality of life in Pepperwood
area of Iowa City. Iowa City Police Chief R. J. Winkelhake responded to the
problem by creating a gang investigation team in 1992 which was followed by the
creation of a street crimes unit in 1997. In addition to the creation of these special
units, all members of the Iowa City Police Department have received training in
gang identification as well as training in cultural and ethnic diversity. The goal of
the special units has been to concentrate on the crime and problems associated
with criminal street gangs. The members of these units have used aggressive
tactics to address the problems affecting the quality of life for community
members living in areas that have experienced gang related problems. The
current administration of the Iowa City Police Department has maintained the
attitude that gangs are a community problem requiring more than just a police
response. As a result, the problem should be addressed by the many different
segments of the community. We have worked with the Iowa City business
community, the Iowa City Public School District, the University of Iowa, University
of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, the 6th Judicial District Corrections Department, 6th
Judicial District Juvenile Court, State of Iowa Department of Social Services, and
other public and private organizations.
Along with the problems associated with criminal street gangs have come
accusations that officers of the Iowa City Police Department unfairly target
African-Americans and people of Hispanic descent. The purpose of this research
is to advance the Iowa City Police Department's awareness and understanding of
the racial profiling issue, "Driving While Black/Brown." I will discuss what We-have
done to address the perception any member of the Iowa City Police Dep.artm'ent~'~
engages in profiling. The perception that racial profiling is happening in Iowa City
is more real than any actual incident. The community needs to be assured the
Iowa City Police Department does not engage in the practice of racial profiling.
The Iowa City Police Department does not tolerate ethnic profiling by any
member or representative of the department. Iowa City Police officers have an
obligation to show their commitment to unbiased and ethical law enforcement.
This paper will also present a number of ways to further place the Iowa City
Police Department in the fore front to guard against anyone in the community
being the victim of racial profiling.
LITERATURE REVIEW
The issue of profiling began when the war on drugs was escalated under
the Reagan-Bush Administration in 1982. (ACLU)The Drug Enforcement Agency
(DEA) developed informal criteria to identify drug couriers in airports. Law
enforcement agencies across the country started to develop their own drug
courier profiles to aid in their attempts to fight the war on drugs. Those agencies
tasked with enforcing motor vehicle laws also used minor traffic violations in
some instances to develop probable cause to conduct vehicle searches. In
Whren v. U.S. (1996), the U.S. Supreme Court affirmed the use of pretext traffic
stops. The Whren court ruled that any traffic offense was a legitimate legal basis
for a stop, regardless of the officer's subjective state of mind. The court "agreed
that the Constitution prohibits selective enforcement of the law based on
considerations such as race. But the constitutional basis for objecting to-- ; .....
intentionally discriminatory application of laws is the Equal Protection Clause, not
the Fourth Amendment. Subjective intentions play no role in ordinary, probable-
cause Fourth Amendment analysis." Furthermore, the Supreme Court has
considered drug courier profiles in U.S.v. Sokolow (1989) and did not find them
to be necessarily unreasonable. The Courts decisions in these two cases had a
major impact on the way officers went about attacking the drug trafficking
problem in this country. Prior to the 1996 Whren decision, the Ninth U.S. Circuit
Court along three other Federal Circuit Courts used the reasonable officer
standard to judge the constitutionality of traffic stops. Officers could not stop a
vehicle on just a minor traffic violation with the intent to develop probable cause
to make an arrest (Brast 1997). The Whren decision changed that. The Court
established the objective officer standard by which traffic stops are now judged.
The argument made by appellant in Whren was there are many obscure traffic
laws and drivers unknowingly violate those laws giving police officers the reason
to make traffic stop to develop probable cause.
There is currently legislation pending in the United State House of
Representatives and the U.S. Senate directing the U.S. Attorney General to
conduct a study of stops for traffic violations by law enforcement officers
(U.S.H.R.1443 & S821 ). A host of states have pending legislation mandating the
collection of traffic stop data, Pennsylvania, Illinois, Maryland, Massachusetts,
New Jersey, Florida, Rhode Island, Michigan, Tennessee, Arkansas, and Texas
(ACLU). The International Association of Chiefs of Police currently opposes
legislation to require the collection of traffic stop data. There is denial from seme~
police administrators and officers that profiling is not really the issue. The feeling
is officers are being penalized for good aggressive police work (Whitlock 1999).
They attribute the problem, the few isolated incidents to a few bad officers.
There have been well-publicized incidents in the national media that have
helped spark the recent push to end what the ACLU labels as being "pervasive"
in law enforcement. Some of the evidence indicating the existence of racial
profiling is anecdotal in nature. Celebrities, athletes, and some prominent citizens
have come forward with stories of being stopped by police or law enforcement
officers for no apparent reason other than they were African-American. There
have been African-American Armed Forces members (ACLU) and law
enforcement officers claiming they were victims of racial profiling. The most
recent story is a North Carolina State trooper who was stopped while off-duty and
driving in Jacksonville, North Carolina. The officer said while driving off-duty, he
was stopped randomly. The officer said he was ordered out his car at gunpoint
even though he quickly pulled over. The officers that stopped him said he was
speeding. He filed a lawsuit after the city failed to respond to his complaint
(Associated Press 2000).
Many of the stories related to the courts and media stem from aggressive
police work. The officers involved are attempting to fight crime. Their goal is to
find those people involved in criminal activity by using pretext stops. The officers
are truly dedicated to arresting people who traffic drugs and weapons.
Unfortunately the crime fighting efforts of a few are having a negative eff~c~on'. '
the relationship between law enforcement and the Hispanic and Africar~-'
American communities. "The Supreme Court decided in Whren that pretext stops
are constitutional, but the stops may be more detrimental than beneficial to
effective police operations." (Miliazzo 1999) The more the issue of racial profiling
is raised in the media, the more suspicion it places on law enforcement. Is the
negative effect it is having on law enforcement worth it? Law enforcement
agencies will be have to take corrective action to end the practice if it exist within
their departments. Police leaders will have to reassure the public they are
dedicated to fair and ethical enforcement of the law. The most effective way to
address this issue is at a local level.
RECOMMENDATIONS
The Iowa City Police Department is aware of the issue of racial profiling.
We, the Iowa City Police, are not so na'fve to think racial profiling does not exist
as some police professionals contend (Cheeves 2000). We recognize the effect it
can have on the public's confidence in us. We also recognize the detrimental
effect it can have on the officers patrolling the streets of the community.
Fortunately we have not been totally unprepared to deal with the issue of racial
profiling.
What are we doin.q?
Collection of traffic stop data
The Iowa City Police Department currently collects the driver data from
every traffic stop. Presently the data being collected is the race and gender of the
driver along with what action was taken~--warning or citation. The information is
given to the communication personnel to be entered into the disposition data field
in the computer-aided dispatch (CAD) system. The officers acquire this data from
the personal information on the driver's license. The information is permanently
attached to the traffic stop information entered into the CAD system. The officers
can also enter the information into the call screen on their mobile data
computers.
Videotaping traffic stops
All marked patrol cars have video cameras permanently mounted on the
dashboard. One of the reasons officers' record their traffic stops is to protect
themselves from allegations of misconduct.
Currently, a video produced by Lt. Matt Johnson and the City of Iowa City
media department is being played on public access television. The video
explains Iowa City Police traffic stop procedures to citizens.
10
Cultural diversity training
The last two years, members of the department have received cultural
diversity training during in-service training. They have also received citywide
training, which was sponsored by the Human Relations Department. Training in
cultural issues has historically been incorporated into the in-service training
officers receive yearly.
What more can we do?
Data Collection
Currently we are only capturing driver data for traffic stops. I propose we
also start collecting other information concerning the stop. We should also
collect: ~ ·
· The alleged violation prompting the stop, ,
· Whether there was a search,
· What (if anything) was searched,
· The legal basis for any search, ~.~?
· Whether any contraband was found, '~ "
· Whether an arrest was made,
· Whether any property was seized,
· Whether there was any physical resistance by the driver or passengers,
· Whether any officer used force in connection with the stop,
· Whether any injuries resulted from the stop, and
· Whether the stop was related to an investigation
The collection of this data could be accomplished using the mobile data
computers, which are being deployed in all marked patrol cars. A form to collect
the data would be completed by the officer in the field and transmitted for storage
on the police department computer server for later analysis. The information
would be analyzed to see if there are trends in enforcement and also to make
sure no trends do develop.
Post information on web site
Once the data has been collected and analyzed it should be posted on the
police department's Internet web site. The public would then be able to examine
the data. The information posted on the web site would show year-to-date totals
of traffic stops made by officers. The information would include the gender and
race of the driver. The action taken, traffic ticket or warning, would also appear.
The purpose would be to ease public concern and show we have nothing to hide.
The information would not list the officers individually to protect them from feeling
overly self-conscious about the enforcement action they exercise.
Utilize minority leaders within community
When the police department conducted gang training for the staff and
officers of the department, African-American community members were asked to
participate in an open forum. The training was in 1995. It is time to invite them
back to ask for any criticism or input about the way the department interacts with
the African-American community. We should also have a dialog with Asian and
Hispanic members of the community.
12
Customer service survey
Captain Tom Widmer has conducted two customer surveys in 1995 and
1999. Both surveys indicated the Iowa City Police Department was viewed
positively by those responding. The survey should be done yearly to measure
community satisfaction with police services in Iowa City. The survey would be
one measure by which to judge the public perception of the Iowa City Police
Department and its service delivery. This would be a means to measure
community satisfaction. The survey should be validated to make certain it is a
reliable measure. The police department could make inquiries to a University of
Iowa professor or instructor that teaches statistical analysis for guidance.
Policy Review
The Iowa City Police Department should consider the permanent
establishment of a committee to review the videotapes. The committee would
consist of members of the command staff, first line supervisors, and officers. I
would also recommend an attorney from the city legal department. We should
also consider a private citizen to be a member of the committee. The committee
would review the tapes periodically to make suggestions for policy or training
issues. They would act as an advisory committee not as a disciplinary board.
Cost
There will cost associated with three of the proposed recommendations.
The department would have to make funds available for software changes to
facilitate the additional data. The posting of the data on the department web site
would also be an added nominal expense. The customer satisfaction survey
would most likely be the costliest of the recommendations. Captain Widmer
conducted the first surveys on his own time with minimal assistance. I propose
the department allocate the funds necessary on materials, support staff, and
research design to make the customer satisfaction survey one of the ways the
Iowa City Police Department measures citizen approval or disapproval.
Evaluation :~;
There are two things that need to be evaluated, the data collected from
the traffic stops and the community perception of the police traffic enforcement.
The importance of the customer service surveys to the department was
discussed earlier. The data gathered from the traffic stops would be used to
develop an early warning system. A system designed to help the police
managers monitor the enforcement action of the officers. The analyzed data will
give them a tool to address potential problem officers. The data could also
identify those officers who are effective in their traffic enforcement activities.
14
CONCLUSION
Racial profiling is an important social issue facing law enforcement today.
There is real and anecdotal evidence to suggest it occurs around the country. To
date there have been no substantiated racial profiling complaints in Iowa City,
Iowa. Unfortunately, the lack of a substantiated complaint does not mean the
public feels racial profiling does not occur in this community. The Iowa City Police
Department has to demonstrate, in word and action, our commitment to ethical
and unbiased law enforcement for all members of the community.
tS
REFERENCES
1. Bast, Carol. Driving While Black: Stopping Motorist on a Subterfuge, Criminal
Law Bulletin, Volume 33; September/October 1997 at pp. 457-486
2. Cheeves, John; Bill Would Document racial profiling in Kentucky: Police
would collect data on traffic stops, Lexington Herald-Leader, February 9, 2000
3. Deval Patrick, Have Americans Forgotten Who They Are?, Los Angeles Time,
Sept. 2, 1996, at P. B5
4. Farmer, John J. Jr.; Zoubek, Paul H., Final Report of the State Police Review.
Team regarding allegations of racial profiling, New Jersey Attorney G~eral'~ i
Office 1999 .... ,--.,
5. Harris, David. Driving While Black: Racial Profiling On Our Nation's
Highways. American Civil Liberties Union Special Report, June 1999/'
Retrieved February 19, 2000 from the World Wide Web: , ~, :. -
-;, .- ,
http:/Iwww.aclu.org/profiling/report/index.html
6. H.R. 1443, Traffic Stops Study Act of 2000, U.S. House of Reps.
7. Milazzo, C. & Hansen, Ron. Racial Relations in Police Operations: A Legal
and Ethical Perspective. Originally presented at the 106th Annual Conference
International Association of Chiefs of Police, Charlotte, North Carolina,
October 30- November 3, 1999, updated for the Conference of Arizona Chiefs
of Police, February 23, 2000. Retrieved February 23, 2000 from the World
Wide Web: http://aele.org/Iosrac99.html
8. N.C. Trooper Claims Racial Profiling, Associated Press Online, 03-04-2000.
Retrieved April 11,2000 from the World Wide Web; http://epnet.com
9. Newport, Frank, Racial Profiling is Seen as Widespread, Particularly Among
Young Black Men Gallup News Service, December 9, 1999
10. Russell, Kathryn K; "Driving While Black": Corollary Phenomena and
Collateral Consequences, 40 Boston College Law Review 717, May 1999
11. S821, Traffic Stops Study Act of 2000, U.S. Senate
12. Sharpe, Brian, Police Offer Traffic Information, The Iowa City Press-Citizen
03-29-00 at P. A01
13. United States v. Sokolow, 490 U.S. 1 109 S. Ct. 1581 (1989)
]6
14.Voegtlin, Gene R., "Busy Year Ahead for Law Enforcement Legislation"
Police Chief 02/03/2000
15.Walsh, Edward, The Racial Issue Looming in the Rear-View Mirror; Activists
Seek Data on Po/ice 'Profiling'. The Washington Post, 05-19-1999, at p. A03.
16.Whitlock, Craig, Prince George's Traffic Stops Mount; Push to Check for
Drugs, Guns Has Some Feeling Harassed., The Washington Post, 06-04-
1999, at P. B01
17.Whren v U.S.517 U.S. 806, 116 S.Ct. 1769(1996)
18.Zolper, Thomas / The Record, 'Bibles of drug enforcement' may feed
stereotypes about identifying dealers Reports are linked to allegations that NJ
police target minority motorists., The Dallas Morning News, 04-23-1999, at p.
11A.