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Home My WebLink About2017-06-20 CorrespondenceJulie From: Think Bicycles Johnson County <thinkbicycles@gmail.com> Sent: Friday, June 02, 2017 11:48 AM To: Council Cc: Geoff Fruin Subject: Bike Month Thanks Mayor Throgmorton, City Councilors, When we decided to broaden our celebration of bicycling and bicyclists from a week to the full month of May, we had no idea what it would mean. Happily, after the email went out at the end of January asking for events, citizens and businesses outdid themselves suggesting events and programs. Basically, we exploded the month of May. We celebrated the traditional mid -month Bike to Work Week with popular events like the Car -Bus -Bike race (won for the very first time by the bus rider Mike Haverkamp of University Heights, who loaded his bicycle on the bus), cyclist breakfasts, and the New Pi Co-op to Co-op ride. The rest of the month offered weekly rides, special events, and a wealth of education and encouragement programs. Our paper flyer printed at the end of April listed 30 events; by beginning of May there were an additional handful that we helped publicize on social media. Here are a few highlights: City staff led a group of residents on the South District Tour to show off the area's green spaces, public facilities, and thriving neighborhoods. Neumann Monson Architects celebrated their 40th anniversary with a cyclist breakfast downtown. Two Iowa City women started Tuesday Night Bike Night for a leisurely, family ride around the eastside. Bike Nights will continue through the summer. The Great Broken Spoke Treasure Hunt sent off teams of cyclists throughout the county in search of clues that brought them back to the "treasure," wood -fired pizza and refreshments back at the shop. Our first Slow Roll, called "Writers and Riders," had cyclists following a route that led them past distinctive writers' sites in Iowa City and University Heights. While Think Bicycles of Johnson County organized a few events, we are mostly the conduit for small grants that encourage our residents to organize and carry out events. You can see the full list at the "Bike Month 2017 in Johnson County" Facebook events page. Many thanks to you all and city staff for your support. I'd like to send a special thank you to Mayor Throgmorton, our cyclist in the Car -Bus -Bike Race, and who came in a veryveryveryclose second to the bus -bike rider. We couldn't do this without your support. Thank you again. Anne Duggan President, Think Bicycles of Johnson County Together, we can make a difference! Individual memberships of Think Bicycles of Johnson County cost only $10 a year. Sponsoring businesses and organizations are $25 a year. Find out more at thinkbicycles.org. Facebook: 'Think Bicycles of Johnson County Twitter: @thinkbicycles Instagram: Think Bicycles Julie Voparil From: Think Bicycles Johnson County <thinkbicycles@gmail.com> Sent: Friday, June 02, 2017 10:42 AM To: Sarah Walz; Marcia Bollinger Cc: Council Subject: Bike Month Thanks Dear Sarah and Marcia, This is a belated thank you for organizing and leading the South District Tour on May 6. Your super -informative ride set the tone for a Bike Month that was filled with rides, education, meals, and fun. I hope you can offer the ride again soon. As a League of American Bicyclists -designated Bike Friendly Community, Iowa City is a leader in the U.S. and that we are moving in the right direction as far as bicycle -pedestrian accommodations. I am confident that the Bicycle Master Plan and its recommendations will do a great deal to increase safety and ensure equity among our neighborhoods and citizens. Thank you again for your good work. Anne Duggan President, Think Bicycles of Johnson County Together, we can make a difference! Individual memberships of Think Bicycles of Johnson County cost only $10 a year. Sponsoring businesses and organizations are $25 a year. Find out more at thinkbicvcles.org. Facebook: Think Bicycles of Johnson County Twitter: @thinkbicycles Julie From: Geoff Fruin Sent: Friday, June 02, 2017 4:00 PM To: Kellie Fruehling; Julie Voparil Subject: FW: Lawn Mowing Hazard Please place this in correspondence as a staff response to the email received earlier today. Thanks— Geoff From: Zac Hall Sent: Friday, June 02, 2017 3:16 PM To: 'dick.judy.lamb@gmail.com' Cc: *Council Members; Geoff Fruin; Juli Seydell Johnson Subject: Lawn Mowing Hazard Mr. Lamb, 3f(2) I have been asked to respond to your email regarding your experience this morning with one of our mower operators. First, I'd like to thank you for contacting us and bringing this to our attention. I regret that your interaction was not pleasant and from your description potentially unsafe. I have spoken with our staff member that was operating the equipment this morning. The proper procedures and corrective measures have been communicated and implemented. I agree this is an unusual occurrence, for which I am certain will not be repeated. Do not hesitate to contact me directly if you have any future issues or concerns. I appreciate your help and support making our operations better. Have a great weekend. All the best, Zachary Hall Superintendent of Parks and Forestry zac-hall@iowa-citv.or¢ (319) 356-5093 office (319) 356-5100 front desk www.icgov.org/pr APlease consider the environment and do not print this email unless absolutely necessary. PLEASE NOTE: THIS EMAIL IS SENT TO PROVIDE THE COUNCIL WITH TIME -SENSITIVE INFORMATION. TO AVOID AN UNINTENDED "MEETING" IN VIOLATION OF THE IOWA OPEN MEETINGS ACT, PLEASE DO NOT "REPLY TO ALL." IF YOU HAVE A QUESTION, PLEASE CALL THE CITY MANAGERS OFFICE AT (319) 356-5010. Julie Voparil From: Dick Lamb <dick.judy.lam b@gmail.com> Sent: Friday, June 02, 2017 1:54 PM To: Council Subject: Lawn Mowing Hazard About 11 AM this morning (Friday, June 2) I was standing on the SE corner of Broadway and U.S. 6 waiting for the walk signal. The operator of a tractor with "City of Iowa City" painted on the side was mowing the grass and approaching me from the east along the south side of U.S. 6. The operator did not stop or disengage his mower in spite of my nearby presence. In fact, as he turned southward along Broadway he passed so close to me that I could feel the discharge of grass behind the tractor. For the safety of nearby passersby, lawn mower operators should disengage their equipment until it is safe to continue. Had I been struck by a projectile thrown by that mower, you would have become aware of the incident through litigation. Numerous times I've encountered lawn mowing operators on the Sycamore Parkway trails, and always the operators display courtesy and safety by stopping while I pass. Consequently, I believe the incident today was unusual. I would ask that you address this incident with the appropriate managers to be sure that proper procedures are understood and followed by lawn mower operators. Richard Lamb 44 Post RD Iowa City IA 52245 Phone 319-338-2721 From: Nicholas Wing <nickwingmusic@gmail.com> Sent: Monday, June 05, 2017 2:49 PM To: Council Subject: DUI -D Successes Attachments: The Use of Roadside Oral Fluid Drug Testing Kits for DUI -D Enforcement and Road Safety 5_ 30_17.pdf Dear Council Members and City Officials: FYI - The following City of San Diego and SDPD roadside drug testing initiative is generating positive results for DUI -D enforcement and road & community safety: http://www.sandiepouniontribune.com/newa/public-safety/sd-me-pot-test-20170316-story.html For the first time in U.S. history, more fatally -injured drivers tested positive for drugs than for alcohol, according to the GHSA. Both the AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety and GHSA have recommended drug & alcohol screening all DUI and DUI -D arrestees, as well as all fatally -injured and surviving drivers involved in fatal collisions. Perhaps DUI -D programs could also help to raise significant new revenue for local & state governments, similar to alcohol DUI programs. Thank you, and I hope that this is beneficial information. Best regards, -Nick Wing WingMan LLC 317 Brentwood Oaks Drive Nashville, TN 37211 (615)499-0382 The Use of Roadside Oral Fluid Drug Testing Kits for DUI -D Enforcement & Road Safety Nick Wing WingMan LLC 317 Brentwood Oaks Drive Nashville, TN 37211 (615)499-0382 5/11/17 Proposed Enhanced DUI -D Model - DUI -D Conviction Evidential DRE/Field Laboratory Sobriety Drug Test Test Evidential Arrest Roadside Drug Test The Drugged -Driving Hazard — Drugged -driving is increasing and the use of evidential roadside "drugalyzer" oral fluid testing kits is being expanded (Sharp 2014). According to MADD, 10.3 million Americans admitted to driving under the influence of illicit drugs (DUI -D) in 2012 (MADD 2015). FARS data confirms this trend, and on July 31st, 2014, Rep. John Mica reported that drug and alcohol affected driving has contributed to more than 50% of all fatal motor vehicle crashes (MVCs), or more than "a quarter of a million" fatalities, since 2000 (Statement 2014). For the first time in U.S. history, drugged -driving fatalities surpassed drunk driving fatalities nationally with 43% of fatally -injured drivers testing positive for drugs. in 2015 (Hedlund 2017). Drugged -driving presents unique challenges and new solutions and more effective policies are needed. Former ONDCP director, Dr. Robert DuPont, has emphasized that DRE programs alone are not scalable to the problem of drugged -driving enforcement, and that proven oral fluid drug testing kits are the best available solution (Reisfield 2012). The Governors Highway Safety Association's (GHSA) 2015 report on Drug -Impaired Driving also concluded that drugged -driving has significantly increased, and recommended the "widespread" use of roadside oral fluid drug testing kits in support of the existing DRE and ARIDE programs (Halsey 111 2015). The AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety supported similar drugged -driving measures in close alignment with the GHSA report and likewise recommended that "states should authorize and encourage law enforcement to collect and test samples for drugs and alcohol for all DUI arrestees", as well as drug screening a// fatally -injured and surviving drivers (Arnold 2016). The expanded use of roadside oral fluid drug testing systems does not necessarily require new drugged - driving legislation, and an historic Kern County, California DUI -D test case admitted as evidence the on- site drug test results of a roadside drug screening system (Douglas 2016). Evidential on-site drug testing systems could therefore be procured and utilized immediately on a voluntary basis, until new legislation is adopted. Despite any lack of per se and implied consent standards, these systems could still be beneficial in the testing of suspected drugged -drivers following serious injury MVCs and fatal collisions. The timely results could have a variety of benefits for the injured drivers, court systems, police officers, highway safety authorities and insurance companies (Hedlund 2015). Flannigan et al. emphasized the historic Kern DUI -D case, and recommended "that officer's screen all impaired drivers for drugs using on-site devices. (Flannigan 2017)" The NHTSA estimates that more than a half million Americans are injured in DUI -D crashes each year, that DUI -D collisions cost the U.S. economy more than $60 billion annually and that 33% of fatally - injured drivers screened in the U.S. were found to be under the influence of drugs, in 2009 (U.S. Dept. of Transportation 2010). Similarly, 33% of fatally -injured drivers in Canada tested positive for drugs from 2000 to 2007 (Asbridge 2016). French authorities also reported that 30% of fatal collisions involved a drugged -driver (Newton 2016). Fatal drugged -driving collisions are again increasing in the U.S., and the GHSA reported that 39.9% of fatally -injured drivers tested positive for drugs in 2013; however, this figure could have been even greater as only circa 62% of all fatally -injured drivers were screened for drugs (Hedlund 2015). As roadside drug testing becomes standardized, the accuracy of the data should improve, yet even with the limited data, there are alarming indications that drugged -driving continues to increase. By 2015, the number of drugged -driving fatalities officially exceeded the number of drunk driving fatalities with 43% of fatally -injured drivers testing positive for drugs in comparison to 37% testing positive for alcohol (Hedlund 2017). Thus, the annual cost of DUI -D MVCs could possibly exceed the $199 billion attributed to alcohol DUI collisions (Fleming 2014). Further, AAA reported that in 2013, "an estimated 1.16 million people were arrested for driving under the influence, and over 10,000 people died as a result of substance -impaired driving crashes (AAA 2015)." Alarmingly, 1 in 6 drivers tested positive for at least one illicit drug during the 2013-2014 National Roadside Survey (NRS), representing a roughly 4% increase over the 2007 NRS results (Petroviak 2015). This figure is on par with drugged -driving levels in parts of Australia, where oral fluid testing systems have proven effective in enforcing against DUI -D. Brief summaries of the expanded use of oral fluid testing systems in Australia, the U.K. and the U.S. are provided below. Roadside drugalyzers are delivering 'positive' results for road safety. The Expanded Use of Oral Fluid Test Kits — The Australian model—The Australian enforcement model is based upon per se threshold DUI -D standards (Banks 2015). Oral fluid test kits have been approved for use for roughly a decade, and Australian police forces have demonstrated that the systems are scalable and that the number of available tests can be adjusted to fluctuating levels of drugged -driving in a given jurisdiction (Campbell 2014). Australian law also requires drug/alcohol testing for all fatally -injured drivers, although among the virtues of the roadside testing program is the ability to efficiently detect and arrest drivers who are under the influence of drugs prior to the occurrence of a collision (Centre for Road Safety 2015). The cost of this roadside and laboratory drug testing is financially justified as the State of Victoria estimated that drugged -driving collisions resulted in more than 250 roadway fatalities, 5,000 iniuries and cost the economy approximately $3 billion, in 2015 alone (Andrews 2016). Similar to the NHTSA NRS statistics, roughly 1 in 6 South Brisbane drivers also tested positive for illicit drugs, and the Queensland Police reported an increase in drugged -driving detections from July 2014 through January 2015 (Banks 2015).1 Though the statistics are similar, oral fluid testing is not limited to a voluntary roadside survey in Australia, and oral fluid test kits are used as part of the standard operating procedure. This standardized roadside testing program has proven successful and the Gympie Police Department recently announced achieving 825 DUI -D arrests in less than a month (Warhurst 2015). On August 16th 2015, Prime Minister Tony Abbott endorsed the roadside "drugalyzer' program, accompanied state highway patrol troopers to observe the use of the test kits in the field and called for increases in the use of the roadside "drugalyzers" (AAP 2015). With the support of the PM, State Highway Patrol troopers in Colac and Geelong have also had success with the roadside test kits and were able to achieve a detection percentage of roughly 50% of all drivers screened, thus justifying the expansion of the program (Pearson 2015). Australian authorities significantly increased the use of the test kits in 2015, which resulted in roughly one in four drivers screened, or more than 8,200 drivers, testing positive in the State of Queensland (AAP 2016). From 2015-2016 a total of 10,612 Queensland drivers were positive for illicit drugs (Moore 2016). Within Gold Coast alone there was a 500% increase in drugged -driver detections with 459 drivers, or 42.5%, testing positive for meth (Marks 2016). This is comparable to the 8,253 drugged -drivers charged in NSW, which represented a 252% increase over 2014 (Morton 2016). This figure again increased by 320% from 2015 to 2016, and NSW achieved a noteworthy 98% conviction rate of all DUI -D drivers charged (McKinnell 2017). South Australia may have achieved the most detections of any state in Australia with more than 19,000 positive roadside drug tests and arrests, since testing began in 2006 (Nankervis 2016). In Townsville, there was a five -fold increase in the number of drug -drivers detected in 2015, and Acting Senior Sergeant Nathan Ivey stated that the enhanced program had given the Road Policing Unit "a better idea of how common drug use was among drivers (Rooney 2016)". The use of the evidential roadside oral fluid drug tests has been critical to the success of Australia's anti -drugged -driving campaign. Oral fluid testing systems are scalable and the number of available tests can be adjusted to fluctuating levels of drugged -driving each program year. Assistant Commissioner John Hartley stated that the kits are being implemented across the state of New South Wales, and that approximately 150 drivers under the influence of illicit drugs were detected during a single weekend operation (The NSW Police 2015). A similar operation in Victoria netted 283 drugged -drivers in a single weekend (Kelly 2016). Victoria Police Commissioner Kim Wells announced that due to increased levels of drugged -driving the number of available tests will be increased from 42,000 to 100,000 tests by October 2015 (Campbell 2014). Premier Daniel Andrews stated that the increase in drug testing is justified, as "252 men, women and children were killed on Victorian roads" and an additional 5,000 were injured at a cost of approximately $3 billion (Andrews 2016). Thus, all Highway Patrol vehicles in Victoria are now equipped with roadside "drugalyzer" oral fluid testing systems, and more than 700 new patrol officers have been trained in the use of the kits (Worrall 2015). Similarly, the New South Wales (NSW) Police plan to triple the number of available tests to more than 100,000 by 2016-2017, and authorities announced that the number of tests would be augmented in response to the expanding scourge of ICE within the community (Newcastle Herald 2015). The anti -ICE operations extended to commercial truck drivers, and the Victoria Police found that an astounding 1 in 12 operators tested positive for methamphetamine, up 20% over the previous year (Hosking 2015). Further, l in 10 commercial truck operators tested positive for cannabis, methamphetamine and/or ecstasy in South Australia in 2014 (Kemp 2014). A similar SAPOL operation in 2016 netted a total of 20 commercial truck drivers in eight hours and Inspector Billy Thompson stated that, "To detect 20 truck drivers with drugs in their system in an eight-hour time frame, all driving heavy 1 Martin Ellis, UK Dept. for Transport, has emphasized that the percentages of drug -positive drivers are not representative of the general driving population, and are limited to those drivers who were screened utilizing the oral fluid roadside drug testing kits during a routine traffic enforcement stop (Ellis 2016). vehicles, is scary (South Australia News 2016)." The number of Queensland commercial truck drivers who tested positive for illicit drugs more than doubled with 195 drivers testing positive in 2015, and a total of around 300 testing positive over an 18 month period (Horn 2016). These drug screening operations illustrate the importance of roadside testing kits in tracking and cracking down on DUI -D truck drivers who put themselves and the driving public at serious risk of fatal motor vehicle crashes (MVCs). Further, the NSW Police were able to achieve hundreds of positive roadside drug tests of drivers under the influence of methamphetamine and/or cannabis in a single weekend operation in April 2015 (Ong 2015). On Saturday, June 6", 2015, Victoria Police State Highway Patrol arrested 15 drivers for DUI -D, and an alarming 12 out of the 15 drivers tested positive for meth (Hamer 2015). Gympie Highway Patrol troopers have also achieved one of the highest detection rates in Australia utilizing the test kits, with one in every three suspected drugged -drivers screened testing positive (Gorrie 2016). Yarra Ranges Highway Patrol began utilizing the kits in April of 2015 and also found that roughly half of the drivers screened were testing positive for meth (Bidet' 2015). The issue of repeat offenders is also a significant concern. In South Australia, approximately 4,055 drugged -drivers have tested positive at the roadside more than once 1,301 were caught three times and 14 were arrested nine or more times. since the program was initiated in 2006 (Nankervis 2016). These drivers were fined $1,300 for the first offense, $1,600 for the second and $2,200 for each additional offense, in addition to losing their license for six months to two years, depending upon the number of accrued drugged -driving offenses (Nankervis 2016). The oral fluid testing programs have demonstrated rapid scalability in urban and rural jurisdictions, and have helped patrol officers to rapidly identify repeat offenders. The augmentation of the number of available roadside test kits, in conjunction with increased training and experience led to an increase in the number and rate of positives from 2015 to 2016. One of the most successful operations achieved a 100% positive detection rate, with 18 of18 suspected drugged - drivers found to be driving under the influence of illicit drugs in Central Region, Australia (Mesner 2016). In Queensland, roughly one in four drivers screened, or more than 8,200 drivers, were found to be driving under the influence of drugs (AAP 2016). Similar results were achieved in New South Wales with one in seven, or more than 7,500, drivers testing positive for drugs, with roughly half testing positive for meth or a combination of meth and another drug (Godfrey 2016). In Sept. of 2016, one police report stated that drivers who were pulled over were six times more likely to test positive for illicit drugs than for alcohol (The Advertiser 2016). From 2006 to 2013, the South Australia Police (SAPOL) had successfully achieved more than 10,000 detections of drugged drivers utilizing the oral fluid test kits, and according to Acting Assistant Commissioner Michael Cornish, SAPOL has increased the effectiveness of their targeted DUI checkpoints and direct patrols via the use of intelligence (Cornish 2013). By 2016, SAPOL had achieved more than 19,000 positive roadside tests and drugged -driving arrests (Nankervis 2016). The expansion of Australia's DUI -D mapping programs could be especially effective in identifying areas of concentrated criminal drug activity, including drugged -driving (Petrinic 2016). Cornish further emphasized that, "in excess of 21% of people killed in road crashes did have illicit substances in their bloodstream (Cornish 2013)" and that among the virtues of oral fluid test kits is that officers can test drugged drivers prior to the occurrence of o motor vehicle crash (MVC) causing personal injury, property damage and/or fatality. Australia's overarching deterrence campaign is achieving results and Cameron, et al. concluded that the number of drug positive fatally -injured drivers fell as enforcement increased, and that drug testing programs "have the highest BCR [benefit/cost ratio] for a 50% increase and the highest marginal BCRs for further increases (Cameron 2016)." Professor Cameron further underscored that an increase of 20,000 drug testing kits could reduce fatal drugged -driving collisions by 15% resulting in a benefit/cost ratio of 91.97 to everyone tax dollar spent on the program (Cameron 2014). Australia is a global and pioneering leader in large scale roadside drug testing programs. The British model - The British enforcement model includes a hybrid of perse and "zero -tolerance per se" DUI -D standards, and thus a positive drug test result above a specified threshold results in an automatic drugged -driving conviction (Wynne -Jones 2015). According to data released in June of 2015, there had been more than 900 DUI -D arrests in England and Wales alone, and roadside "drugalyzers" played a critical role in detecting those suspected of driving under the influence of drugs (BBC News UK 2015). Remarkably, within 9 months of the approval of the test kits, the Cheshire Police achieved a 600% increase in drug -driver detections (McCubbin 2015). By February of 2016, the Cheshire Police reported that the total increase in drug -driving charges for 2015 had reached a record 800% (Heighton 2016). While Scotland Yard increased the number of drugged -driving charges by an outstanding 300% in London (ITV News 2016). Martin Ellis, Lead Road Safety Policy Advisor, U.K. Department for Transport, stated that the new law includes a statutory medical defense for drivers who are taking their lawful prescription medications as directed by their physician, while also taking a zero -tolerance approach to illicit drugs in alignment with the national drug control strategy (Ellis 2014). Mr. Ellis emphasized that the new drug driving law has resulted in a "fourfold increase in the number of drivers charged," and that the 2015 conviction rate of 95% far exceeded the 2012 conviction rate of 52% (Ellis 2016).1 a Further, only 17,000 drug testing kits were procured in the first 6 months of the national roll out, and UK Police are doing more with less through targeted enforcement (Ellis 2016). The Sussex Police realized one of the best targeted enforcement campaigns in 2015 and a remarkable detection rate of 82% of suspected drugged -drivers who were positive for cocaine and/or cannabis, while the national average was an unprecedented 63% (Payne 2016). The Lancashire Police also achieved an outstanding 70% positive detection rate (Blackpool Gazette 2016). The UK has also had great success with its post -crash drug testing program with almost 50% of males screened following a collision testing positive for drugs in Warwickshire (Machin 2016). Nearly 8,000 drugged -drivers have been arrested in the UK, and the arrest numbers increased by 3,400% in South Yorkshire (Bridge 2016). In Gloucestershire, DUI -D detections increased significantly by more than 1,300% (Falconer 2017). Nationally, more than 1,000 drugged -drivers were detected in one month alone (Camber 2016). By 2017, more than 14,000 DUI -D drivers had been convicted under the new law (Duffy 2017). The British hybrid approach may prove to be the most comprehensive and efficient legislative model for DUI -D enforcement and the mitigation of the drug -driving road safety hazard. On March 2nd 2015, the U.K.'s new drug -driving law came into effect and police forces throughout England and Wales began enforcing the new law equipped with oral fluid testing kits (Adwent 2015). On average more than 400 drivers suspected of DUI -D were arrested per month, as a result of the new law and augmented roadside drug detection capability (Massey 2015). Chief Inspector Chris Spinks stated that the per se approach and authorization of oral fluid testing systems will make it easier to prosecute these DUI -D cases (Adwent 2015). Following a month-long traffic enforcement campaign in which 26 drivers tested positive for illicit drugs, Chief Inspector Spinks further emphasized that, "This summer was the first campaign where we have used the new -drug testing kits to detect cocaine and cannabis. These kits, along with the standard breathalyzers, means we are better equipped than ever to detect and take dangerous motorists off our roads (Maclean 2015)." Similar results were achieved in Warwickshire, where 115 drivers were found to be driving under the influence of drugs over the 2015 Holiday Season alone (Bromsgrove Editorial 2016). According to U.K. Transport Secretary Patrick McLoughlin, prior to the enforcement of the new DUI -D law, drug drivers were 50 times less likely to be convicted than drunk drivers (Wynne -Jones 2014). Further, "According to the Ministry of Justice only 2,600 proceedings were z According to Martin Ellis, UK Dept. for Transport, the initial results showed that "45% of screening tests are positive. We had some alarming press reports that implied that the UK driving population is on cannabis and cocaine. I can reassure you that is not the case; it's just good targeting by the police. (Ellis 2016)" ' A third party for-profit company calculated the national increase in drug -driving arrests to be 140%; however, the official data and final report have not yet been published by the UK Department for Transport (ITV News 2016). 5 brought under the existing drug driving offense found in section four of the Road Traffic Act of 1988. This is compared to around 52,000 for the proscribed limit drink driving offense in section five of the same act (Dempster 2015)." The conviction percentage of drugged -driving cases was also significantly lower than drunk driving, with 56% of all drug driving and 96% of all drunk driving cases resulting in convictions (Dempster 2015). As was emphasized by Martin Ellis, Drug Driving Policy Lead for the UK Dept. for Transport, the drug driving offense conviction rate increased to 95% in 1015 from 52% in 2012, and the previous disparity of conviction rates has immediately normalized as a direct result of the new law and the use of the immunoassay oral fluid drug testing kits (Ellis 2016). Ellis fu rther emphasized that 25% of the convicted drugged -drivers "have more than 15 other convictions; they are serial offenders [and] 40% are convicted of other drug-related offenses... so if you clamp down on drug - driving you will hit a whole lot of police objectives and disrupt a lot of crime (Ellis 2016)." An anecdotal example of this trend was the arrest of 29 -year-old cocaine -driver, Nasar Hanif, who had previous convictions for "driving offenses, for drug possession, affray and obstructing police" and led police on a dangerous high speed chase while under the influence of cocaine and marijuana after attempting to assault a group of pedestrians (Scott 2016). Thus, drug and drunk driving cases are more equitably and efficiently prosecuted in the UK, and the initiative is getting high-risk drugged -drivers off of the roads & highways. The initial results of the new law had been promising, and "Nearly three months on, 45% of drivers pulled over [and tested] in London were found to have taken illegal substances, while 52% of drivers screened in South Yorkshire tested positive for drugs (BBC News 2015)." In March of 2016, authorities reported that approximately 63% of all suspected drugged -drivers were found to be positive for cocaine and/or cannabis (Mayer 2016). The Sussex Police achieved one of the highest detection rates with 81% of suspected drivers testing positive for illicit drugs (Payne 2016). Greater Manchester also had one of the highest roadside detection percentages with roughly 70% of all drivers screened testing positive for cannabis, cocaine or both drugs during a month-long campaign (Keeling 2015). Following the deployment of the roadside test kits in March drugged drivers were immediately being arrested throughout England and Wales (Adwent 2015). Though anecdotal, the initial cases suggest that the oral fluid tests helped officers to make the arrest & require subsequent laboratory testing and have been beneficial in enforcing the new drugged -driving law (Hertfordshire Mercury 2015). The positive test rates in London, Greater Manchester, Sussex, and South Yorkshire are alarming, yet also demonstrate the rapid scalability of the drug testing kits in major traffic enforcement operations. It is also alarming that some drivers have tested positive far in excess of the per se drugged -driving limits. Among the most alarming cases was a 52 -year-old ice cream truck driver who was 16 and 7.52 times over the limit for cocaine during two separate traffic stops, while on his regular route and selling ice cream to children (Pattinson 2016). The driver was found to have 800 micrograms of Benzoylecgonine in his system during the first traffic stop, and even after being convicted for driving under the influence of illicit drugs, Mr. Palminteri aaain tested positive for cocaine during a separate roadside stop on June 21st while driving the ice cream truck on his Harlow route (Mata 2016). One 26 - year -old drugged -driver who caused a serious fatal collision in North Yorkshire, was found to be 130 times over the legal limit for MDMA (Branagan 2016). In Upton -upon Severn, a 42 -year-old drugged - driver was found to be 25 times over the legal limit for Cocaine (BBC News Hereford & Worcester 2016). In Peterlee, a drugged-driver/drug dealer was found to be 27 times over the limit for cocaine, and 307 grams of cocaine were seized as a result of the initial traffic stop (Unwin 2016). A 23 -year-old cocaine - driver was found to be an astounding 55 times over the limit for cocaine, and had the audacity to consume the illicit drug behind the wheel, while being pursued by police in Ledbury (Goddard 2016). Poly -abuse drugged -driving under the influence of multiple illicit & pharmaceutical drugs is also occurring and a 30 -year-old drugged -driver in an Audi A6 was found to be 120 times over the legal limit for MDMA. and "10 times over the limits for cocaine and Benzoylecgonine" while also testing positive for amphetamine (Elworthy 2016). In the latter case, the drugged -driver initially screened positive for cocaine during the roadside drug test, and immediate subsequent laboratory testing detected the other drugs in his system (Elworthy 2016). Although the data is anecdotal, there have been other high profile cases of drivers causing fatal collisions while severely over the drug -driving limits. A cocaine/alcohol driver was 16 times over the limit for cocaine and legally drunk, while speeding at 60 mph in a 30 mph zone and causing a fatal crash which killed two innocent people (Drury 2016). The hit-and-run driver fled the scene of the crash on foot and was later sentenced to six years in jail (Walker 2016). Under the new law, the drugged -drivers who did not cause a fatal crash could "...face a minimum one-year driving ban, a fine of up to £5,000 and up to a year in prison (BBC News Hereford & Worcester 2016). Roadside drug testing kits are proving effective against excessive drug use and poly -abuse drugged -driving. British authorities have also pioneered innovative ways to offset the cost of the roadside "drugalyzers", making the programs more affordable for local police departments. The Essex Police are now utilizing cash seizures from criminal drug organizations to offset the cost of the oral fluid test kits (Watkinson 2015). Under the Proceeds of Crime Act, the Essex Police will utilize these funds to expand the number of test kits administered from 250 to 700 at a cost of roughly $19,500 (Greener 2015). Chief Inspector Nick Lee stated that, "These kits have been used by our road policing officers and casualty reduction section and have proved to be a cost effective and simple way of testing for drugs (Watkinson 2015)." Chief Inspector Lee further emphasized that 10 of the 26 drivers screened with the new test kits during the June campaign were found to be driving under the influence of illicit drugs (Greener 2015). The Essex program is anticipated to save the local government more than $5 million each year by entering an estimated 150 drug addicts into treatment programs (Watkinson 2015). Regardless of whether or not an individual decides to seek treatment, he/she will not be allowed to endanger the lives of others by driving under the influence of drugs in England and Wales. The program is also anticipated to save the government money via the prevention of fatal collisions. PC Steven Stott of the South Yorkshire Police demonstrated one of the approved test kits for local media, and emphasized that although the kits cost around £18 (or $27) per unit, a single fatal collision "costs £70,000 (or $105,000) to the emergency services and support services," and he added that "£18 is really not a lot of money to prevent that (HallamFM News 2015)." Post -crash drug testing was especially successful in Warwickshire with almost half of all males screened testing positive for illicit drugs (Machin 2016). Further, the Greater Manchester Police had 142 positive post -crash drug testing kits in December of 2015 alone, and thus even if the kits are only utilized in post -crash scenarios they will still contribute to road safety and prevent repeat offenders from causing future crashes (Rochdale Online 2016). The final results for 2015 indicated that around 65% of suspected drivers screened were positive for cocaine and/or cannabis in Greater Manchester (Britton 2016). In South Yorkshire, 57% of the suspected drugged -drivers were found to be positive for the same illicit drugs (The Star 2016). Whereas, the national average was an unprecedented 63% and the Sussex Police achieved an 82% Positive rate (Mayer 2016). The comprehensive hybrid -per se British drug -driving enforcement model has achieved exemplary results in the first year, and could achieve a net savings due to the subsequent economic impacts for government and society. The U.S. model—The U.S. enforcement model is not based upon national legislation as this authority is delegated to state legislatures and because oral fluid testing systems have not yet been implemented as part of the standard operating procedure, the current system relies heavily upon the results of a field sobriety test and evaluations by DRE certified officers (U.S. Department of Transportation 2008). Thus, DUI -D legislation and drug screening standards will vary state by state. Current use of oral fluid testing systems has been limited to pilot tests including but not limited to those conducted by LAPD, the Sacramento PD, and Kentucky Office of Highway Safety, and though multiple states have legalized the recreational use of marijuana, no states have approved the use of oral fluid kits as part of the standard operating procedure, similar to the breathalyzer (Sharp 2014). Also, oral fluid testing systems were dropped from the Michigan drugged -driving bill at the last minute, and thus there is less than 1 DRE certified officer per county in the State of Michigan to enforce the new law (Laitner 2014). In response, the Michigan State Legislature approved a pilot program to utilize the evidential oral fluid test kits, joining the 12 other U.S. states which have completed or are undergoing pilot tests (Pierret 2015). Vermont's exemplary pilot roadside drug testing program delivered a "97% success rate with no false positives (Kinzel 2016)." The researchers involved in the Vermont study concluded that, "the overall performance of the devices would seem to meet the immediate need of providing useful supplemental investigative information to officers in the field (Logan 2016)." A Dane County, WI pilot program determined that an alarming 18% of suspected drugged -drivers were under the influence of multiple illicit drugs while operating a motor vehicle (Vagun 2016). In the State of Connecticut, an alarming 63516 of fatally -injured drivers were positive for drugs in 2015 (Dempsey 2017). In the State of Ohio, a 2016 report found that nearly 50% of all fatal collisions involved a drugged -driver (Johnson 2016). This is comparable to the national finding that 43% of fatally -injured drivers were positive for drugs while only 37% were positive for alcohol, in 2015 (Hedlund 2017). In alignment with these trend, cocaine and marijuana were the two most common drugs involved in collisions in Ohio (Pohlman 2017). According to Hedlund, 21 U.S. states have adopted zero -tolerance and/or perse drugged -driving laws in some form, and the rationale for zero -tolerance perse laws for illicit drugs is supported by the finding that "most illegal drugs may at least double a driver's crash risk (Hedlund 2017)." In response to these road safety dangers, the AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety has recommended the expansion of drugged - driving programs, and that "Law enforcement use of point of contact oral fluid drug test technology should be optimized (Arnold 2016)." Irrespective of legislative approval evidential roadside oral fluid drug testing kits may be utilized on a voluntary basis immediately nationwide, after the officer gains consent from the driver. The California, Michigan, Vermont and Wisconsin state legislatures among others are also considering the approval of oral fluid screening systems as part of the standard operating procedure, similar to the Breathalyzer (Gray 2015). California State Assembly Member Tom Lackey (R -Palmdale) introduced AB - 1356 "Vehicles: Driving Under the Influence: Drug Testing" and the bill was co-sponsored by the California Police Chiefs Association, California Narcotic Officers Association, Candace Lightner, founder of MADD and We Save Lives and the California State Highway Patrol (CHP) (We Save Lives 2015). Though the bill did not establish per se thresholds, which are recommended to streamline the prosecution of DUI -D cases and to promote the greatest level of road safety, the law would have made California the first U.S. state to adopt the use of oral fluid testing systems directly at the roadside (California Legislative Information 2015). The same bill in the CA Senate, SB 1462, was sponsored by Senator Bob Huff and would enable CA law enforcement organizations to apply for federal grants to procure the roadside drug testing systems, similar to the existing grants for alcohol breathalyzers (Senator Bob Huff 2016). This bill, in comparison with other legislation, may be characterized as less stringent; however, it would place California in a position of national leadership on the road safety issue of drugged -driving. Huff stated that "SB 1462 will simply allow law enforcement to use oral fluid roadside tests as a screening device to detect drivers with active drugs in their system, when there is probable cause that an officer suspects suspicious or reckless driving and the driver has already failed field sobriety tests (Senator Bob Huff)." This is an important distinction, as the oral fluid drug testing kits are intended to assist the officer in establishing that the driver was under the influence of the drug(s) in question at the time of the collision or traffic stop (Ellis 2015). Senator Huff emphasized that the cost of training officers in the use of the kits was "estimated to be minor and absorbable" and "if the test kit [$20.75 per unit] usage is high enough, an analyzer [which costs $4,500 per system] could be provided at no cost (Senator Bob Huff 2016)." Thus, the test kits are a scalable and economically feasible road safety solution. Although oral fluid test kits were dropped from a previous traffic enforcement bill, the Michigan state legislature has approved a pilot test of roadside "drugalyzers" in partnership with local police departments (Grey 2015). Governor Rick Snyder signed the bill on 6/24/16 authorizing the five participating counties to utilize the evidential roadside drug testing systems on a pilot basis and under implied consent standards (The Associated Press 2016). The Vermont State Legislature is also considering the implementation of oral fluid screening technologies, and Detective Ron Bliss stated that "I can't imagine we haven't let people go [after a traffic stop] that have been impaired because of not having anything to gage it with (Ledbetter 2015)." John Flannigan, VT State Police, further emphasized that oral fluid testing is "much more efficient, its less expensive, [and its] less invasive for the person providing the sample," and that "the technology, pioneered in Europe, is already allowed as evidence in 14 U.S. states (Ledbetter 2015)." The initial 3 month pilot program utilizing the roadside drug testing systems delivered promising preliminary results (Kinzel 2016)." Flannigan et al., emphasized that oral fluid drug screening was found to be 97% consistent with blood testing by the NNTSA, that evidential on-site and laboratory oral fluid drug screening methods could represent a viable alternative to blood testing and that the use of roadside oral fluid drug testing kits should be increased (Flannigan 2017). The Vermont bill proposes an reduced BAC level of .05 for drivers found to be under the influence of both alcohol and drugs, including but not limited to cocaine, heroin and marijuana (Kinzel 2015). Dane County, WI authorities have also announced the implementation of a pilot roadside drug testing program, and the $16,650 grant from the Wisconsin Department of Transportation will be utilized to procure the oral fluid test kits and train officers to detect drivers under the influence of drugs (White 2016). The program will generate new data on drugged -driving, and officials "hope to one day have these kits in all deputy squad cars (WMTV15 2016)." The preliminary data released from this study found that 46.7% were positive for marijuana, 19.7% amphetamines and 6.6% cocaine, while an alarming 18% of suspected drugged -drivers screened were positive for multiple illicit drugs behind the wheel (Vagun 2016). Even if the kits are only utilized on a limited basis and in post -crash scenarios the program will generate critical new data. In 2015, the Kentucky Office of Highway Safety announced a $75,000 grant to test the feasibility of utilizing oral fluid testing systems throughout the State of Kentucky (Flack 2015). In partnership with the Office of Highway Safety, three municipal police departments, including Louisville Metro Police Department (LMPD), will participate in the program and will be awarded $25,000 to purchase the oral fluid test kits and train their officers (Paducah 2015). The results from the initial pilot study will be compared with the confirmatory blood test results in order to determine whether or not oral fluid systems will be utilized as part of an officer's standard operating procedure (Flack 2015). The kits being utilized in the pilot study cost only $7 per unit and Mike Schwendau, assistant director of Highway Safety Programs, emphasized that, "'We are doing it to save lives and get risks off the road/ he said. For police, 'the best decision I think always is to err on the side of safety (Wynn 2015)."' It is important to emphasize the road safety impacts of DUI -D and that fatal collisions involving a driver "under the influence of drugs" (DUI -D) doubled in the State of Washington following drug legalization (KTVZ 2016). Thus, roadside drug testing initiatives and the use of oral fluid drug testing kits could improve road safety by detecting DUI -D drivers prior a serious or fatal collision. DuPont et al. have emphasized that DRE and ARIDE programs alone are not scalable to the road safety challenge of detecting drivers under the influence of drugs and that evidential drug testing kits could effectively fill the enforcement void, in support of other evidence of DUI -D (Reisfield 2012). Depending upon state law, a confirmatory blood test result is still required in order to gain a DUI -D conviction; however, if a program utilizes the oral fluid drug test result alone, it is possible that the convictions will be challenged (Brenner 2015). If the convictions are overturned, this would be an unnecessary setback for roadside drug testing initiatives and road safety. The AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety further stressed that the results of the evidential oral fluid drug testing kit must be confirmed with laboratory blood testing, and should also be considered in conjunction with the "behavioral and physiological evidence of driver impairment (KTVZ 2016)." Senator Huff underscored this point in a statement before the Appropriations Committee, that "The intent of the oral fluid test is to show recent use by the driver, not to establish impairment. Impairment should be judged by a combination of factors including officer observations, reason for the stop, etc. in combination with an oral fluid test (Senator Bob Huff)." Although, it may be possible for a driver to pass one or more field sobriety tests and yet still represent an immediate danger to innocent drivers & families on the roads & highways (Bradbury 2015). An evidential roadside oral fluid drug test result is only one piece of evidence, and it will be of critical importance to complete full confirmatory laboratory drug testing in order to gain the DUI -D conviction (Flannigan 2017). This was exemplified in the first Kern County, California, case to acceptthe results of an oral fluid drug test as evidence to convict a drugged -driver who was under the influence of both methamphetamine and marijuana at the time of the fatal collision (Douglas 2016). Assemblyman Tom Lackey emphasized that this landmark case should set a strong legal precedent and that "This [court case] is a really huge victory for the public as it relates to roadway safety (Douglas 2016)." Senator Huff added that, "the Los Angeles City Attorney's Office cited that impaired driving cases filed using oral fluid testing technology as evidence are pleading out earlier [in comparison] to cases solely using blood tests (Senator Bob Huff 2016)." The whole being greater than the sum of its parts, there are a variety of benefits to utilizing both evidential roadside oral fluid drug testing kits and corroborative laboratory drug screening methods, in support of the existing DRE and ARIDE programs under any DUI -D legislative model. The problem of drugged -driving among commercial truck operators was emphasized by Lt. Jonathan Mouchet of the Georgia Motor Carrier Compliance Division. "'The worst one, personally, that I've stopped, was snorting cocaine, smoking a joint, and drinking a beer, and at the same time driving a truck that's 80,000 pounds,'said Mouchet (Hutchins 2015)." The danger posed by drug -impaired commercial truck operators was tragically illustrated on June 25th, 2015 when a truck driver failed to stop in a construction zone just outside of Chattanooga, TN, killing six people, including two children (WRCB staff 2015). The driver, Mr. Brewer, was found to have an outstanding warrant for his arrest for drug charges in Wisconsin, and to have evaded a mandatory post -crash drug test following a collision on June 2411 in the State of Florida (Starnes 2015). Even if the driver had complied with the mandatory testing, the results would not have been available in time to have prevented the tragic fatal collision in Chattanooga which occurred within 24 hours of the first crash. NTSB Sr. Investigator Pete Kotowski, concluded that the driver had in fact evaded the post -crash drug test in FL, and that he was required to comply with testing as the collision resulted in roughly $3,000 in damages and he was issued a citation by Florida State Highway Patrol (WRCB Chattanooga 2015). The toxicology results from the fatal collision were still not available at the time of the press conference on July 2nd, 2015, whereas an oral fluid test result could have been available directly at the roadside if "drugalyzer' test kits had been utilized (WRCB Chattanooga 2015). When the toxicology results were made public on August 3"', it was revealed that Mr. Brewer had been driving under the influence of meth at the time of the fatal collision in Chattanooga (Gilroy 2015). Senator Huff stressed that, "The speed of test results from oral fluids allow them to be available at the time of filing the case, while blood results were still pending at the crime lab (Senator Bob Huff 2016)." Brewer was charged with six counts of vehicular homicide, as well as driving under the influence of a narcotic drug, among a total of 13 criminal charges (Bradbury 2015). As of 6/25/16, more than $50 million in lawsuits had been filed against Brewer and the motor carrier, Cool Runnings Express, Inc., in connection with the tragic fatal collision (Morris 2016). This fatal drugged - driving crash is not an isolated incident and fatal drugged -driving collisions increased by 89% in the State of Tennessee from 2010 to 1015, and "drugged -driving has overtaken drunken and distracted 10 driving as a factor in Tennessee traffic fatalities" (Associated Press 2016). This state -level finding portended the GHSA's 2017 national report that drugged -driving fatalities surpassed drunk driving fatalities for the first time in U.S. history (Hedlund 2017). Although each state will find its own balanced approach to drugged -driving enforcement programs, renewed policy action is needed. For instance, if all Highway Patrol vehicles were equipped with roadside oral fluid drug testing kits, as has been achieved in parts of Australia, then Mr. Brewer could have been evidentially tested and arrested directly at the roadside in FL or TN, and taken off of the road prior to the tragic crash (Worrall 2015). A standard post -crash roadside drug testing program might have averted the six -fatality crash in Chattanooga, and also prevented Mr. Brewer's release from both crash scenes (WRCB Chattanooga 2015). Post -crash drug testing programs may represent a low -hanging -fruit means for states to initiate their own roadside drug testing programs. However, each state will determine its own enforcement mix and balanced approach to taking drugged -drivers off of the roads & highways prior to the occurrence of a fatal crash and harm to innocent people. AAA has emphasized that "Implied consent laws should extend to drugs other than alcohol and support collection of blood or oral fluid for drug testing.. ", standardize FARS drug testing/reporting methods and that the "NHTSA should endorse and encourage the use of the NSC's recommendations for toxicology testing in drug -impaired driving and crash investigations (Arnold 2016)." The use of oral fluid testing systems under implied consent standards will aid law enforcement in making the decision to arrest the suspected drug -impaired driver, increase the likelihood of DUI -D conviction, and after 100,000+ arrests better elucidate and shut down the operations of the drug cartel DTOs, drug dealers and the user base of their illegal drug pyramid, all of whom are contributing to the drugged -driving safety hazard and must use U.S. roads & highways (Grillo 2011). The introduction of roadside drug testing systems is a transportation safety imperative and will save countless lives each year, in the U.S. Drugged -driving and drug -endangered children: It is important to emphasize that drugged -driving is not a victimless crime, and is compounded when there are children in the vehicle. There are numerous examples of drug using parents who have endangered the lives and safety of their children by driving under the influence of illicit drugs. In Perth, Australia, a dad tested positive for both meth and cannabis while dropping his children off at school, and the WA Police Traffic Unit tweeted, "Drug Driving is NEVER OKI But worse when dropping your kids at school (Anderson 2016)." Superintendent Anthony Fioravanti reported that there were eight other drug -drivers detected across the state that same morning, which was comparable to the entire previous year (SA Police News 2016). These drugged -drivers not only endangered the lives of their own children, but also the lives & safety of the other children being dropped off by their parents that morning. Road Safety Minister Peter Malinauskas, is leading new legislation to increase the penalties for drugged -drivers, as well as to create new protections for drug -endangered children whose parents choose to drive under the influence of illicit drugs (ABC News AU). In Church Hill, TN, a mom tested positive for meth and was "charged with felony child endangerment" following a head on drugged - driving collision on May 19', 2015 (Bobo 2016). Whereas, a roadside drug testing kit could have enabled the police to proactively detect the drugged -driver prior to the occurrence of the serious collision. In Cincinnati, OH, a 55 -year-old cocaine -driver caused a collision with her two grandchildren seated in the rear of the vehicle, and stated that "snorting cocaine" was the cause of the collision (Daily Mail 2016). In Victoria, Australia, a mom was found to be driving under the influence of illicit drugs with her child in the vehicle, after the oral fluid drug testing kit returned a positive result for meth and was then confirmed onboard the drug bus (A Current Affair 2014). Following a drugged -driving collision, the Sussex Police utilized a drug testing kit to determine that the driver was under the influence of cocaine while driving her 9 -year-old son to school and causing a crash after narrowly missing other vehicles 11 (West Sussex County Times 2016). Further, the case of Gaetano Palminteri, the Harlow ice cream man who was 16 and 7.52 times over the limit for cocaine during two separate traffic stops, also raises the issue of corporate policies relating to drugged -driving and drug -endangered children, as the company allowed the 52 -year-old driver to continue working and selling ice cream to children following the first conviction (Pattinson 2016). The immediate safety and rights of drug -endangered children should supersede any other consideration, and the use of the drug testing kits will better enable patrol officers to proactively identify drugged -drivers and drug -endangered children. Protections against arrests of non -impaired drivers: The use of oral fluid test kits is complementary to the DRE's assessment and the existing DUI -D enforcement capabilities. It is important to emphasize that the kits are intended to assist the officer in making the decision to arrest the suspected drug -impaired driver, although the results of an oral fluid test were also utilized as evidence in the Kern County, California case to convict a driverwho was under the influence of meth and marijuana (Douglas 2016). Whether the arrest is made on the grounds of the DRE assessment and/or the oral fluid test, a laboratory test result is still required in order to gain a DUI - D conviction (Sharp 2014). The Vermont pilot study found the test kits to be 97% consistent with laboratory drug testing methods (Flannigan 2017). Whereas, the City of Miami found one brand of oral fluid test kit to have a 90% accuracy in field tests, which similar to a DRE assessment, requires additional steps to ensure against the wrongful arrest of non -impaired drivers (Ragsdale 2015). In such cases, the driver will inform the officer that he/she is not impaired, and the DRE assessment, if found to be negative, could prevail. Further, the Queensland Police have achieved a false positive rate of less than a half percent, or roughly 0.42% while also nearly doubling the number of positive roadside "drugalyzer" detections in comparison with 2014 figures (Snowdon 2015). An example DUI -D scenario following a collision might involve the patrol officer or state trooper asking a suspected drug -impaired commercial truck driver, "Would you like to take a seven minute 'drugalyzer' test now or wait 30 minutes for a DRE to arrive?" If the driver refuses the 'drugalyzer' test it may be suggestive rather than indicative of impairment, though it could be factored into the officer's final decision as to whether or not to make the arrest for DUI -D (Greenhouse 2000). Further, if states have difficulty in passing new legislation the roadside drugalyzers could still be made available immediately as an additional optional tool vs. being utilized on a mandatory basis, in order to prevent any potential infringement of a drivers rights. A commercial truck driver might appreciate having the option of taking a roadside oral fluid drug test immediately, vs. having to wait for a certified DRE to arrive. Senator Huff underscored this point in stating, "I want to stress that with the efficient roadside analyzer, officers can produce more meaningful impairment assessments at initial contact and get drivers under the influence of drugs off the road, or send motorists on their way. This frees the motorist from being unnecessarily burdened by prolonged testing and its obviously a savings of agency resources as well (Senator Bob Huff 2016)." Thus, the capability to detect and enforce against DUI -D could be vastly expanded, while protecting and enhancing the rights of non -impaired drivers. Cost/Benefit Summary: The NHTSA estimates that DUI -D collisions cost the U.S. economy more than $60 billion annually and that more than a half million Americans are injured in DUI -D MVCs each year (U.S. Dept. of Transportation 2010). Therefore, a 10% reduction in the number of drugged -driving MVCs and fatal crashes could save billions of dollars. AAA estimates that an average fatal collision costs $6 million, based upon its study of crashes in 99 urban areas, and that direct and indirect costs include "property damage; lost earnings; loss of household activities; medical costs; emergency services; travel delays; vocational rehabilitation; lost time at work; administrative costs; legal costs; and pain and lost quality of F* life (Copeland 2011)." In Spain, authorities were able to procure oral fluid tests for more than 55 police stations at a cost of roughly $2.1 million (Noticias La Informacion 2015). Thus, if the program prevented one fatal collision it would be financially justified, and if the cost of the testing were passed on to the convicted DUI -D drivers, the program could effectively pay for itself. Further, Cameron concluded that the benefits of drug testing are analogous to alcohol breathalyzers and based upon an estimated cost of $6.657 million per fatally -injured driver, that Australia's testing programs could be increased from 1.2% of licensed drivers to 10% and remain cost effective, especially if the unit cost fell due to state purchasing power and economies of scale (Cameron 2013). Cameron also estimated that an increase in testing to 20,000 kits per year would result in a reduction in driver fatalities of up to 15% and a social cost savings of $149 million per year, while drug testing programs would cost only $1.62 million representing a 91.97 to one Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) (Cameron 2014). The use of seized cash and federal forfeiture funds could also offset the cost of the roadside drug tests and officer training programs. Under the Proceeds of Crime Act the Essex Police have more than doubled the number of available test kits at no cost to the local taxpayer (Greener 2015). The program will also result in roughly $5 million in direct savings to the local government by entering an estimated 150 addicts into drug treatment programs (Watkinson 2015). The national expansion of such programs could result in significantly greater savings, and a 10% reduction in the number of fatal drugged -driving collisions nationwide could save billions of dollars annually. Randomized On -Site & Vehicle Ignition Interlock Drug Testing Applications: Evidential roadside drug testing kits might also be effective for on-site randomized drug testing and vehicle interlock applications. In parts of Australia, bus drivers are screened for alcohol on a daily basis and "breathalyzed for alcohol before every shift (Abate 2016)." It may be cost prohibitive to drug test prior to every shift; however, randomly selecting a smaller pool of employees to be drugalyzed may be feasible on a daily basis year round. According to MADD ignition interlock devices have prevented more than 1.77 million drunk driving incidents in the U.S. (Childress 2016). A similar program for drugged - driving offenders involving bi-weekly or monthly randomized drug testing via a hybrid vehicle ignition interlock and evidential oral fluid drug testing system may be worthwhile to consider and prevent a significant number of drugged -driving incidents. Global Roadside Drug Testing Initiatives: Roadside drug testing initiatives are being considered and implemented by legislatures and road safety authorities around the globe. Among the challenges of gaging the extent of the road safety hazard imposed on the driving population by drugged -drivers in each country is the lack of consistent drug testing data. Due to the lack of uniform testing and a standardized collection of drugged -driving data, anecdotal figures may help to appraise the scope of the danger. In France, 30% of all fatal collisions involved a drugged -driver (Newton 2016). Canadian road safety authorities found a similar trend with 33% of fatal collisions involving a driver under the influence of drugs, from 2000 to 2007 (Asbridge 2016). In response, Canadian authorities approved a national pilot roadside drug testing (RDT) program, and an alarming 31% of positive drivers were found to be under the influence of cocaine in Manitoba (Woods 2017). Canadian authorities are taking action and Senate Opposition leader Claude Carignan outlined national drugged -driving legislation stating that drugged -driving is under reported and inequitably prosecuted with 97% of impaired driving convictions being for alcohol and only 3%for drugs, and that evidential roadside oral fluid drug testing systems and zero tolerance levels for "graduated licensing regimes" should be approved to mitigate drugged -driving (Harris 2016). While in Ireland, the Medical Bureau of Road Safety found that 53% of the 1,158 samples tested in the mostrecent study 13 were positive for multiple illicit drugs (O'Halloran 2016). In response to these figures and unmitigated trends of drugged -driving, Irish authorities have joined the growing number of countries that have approved national drugged -driving legislation and the use of evidential roadside drug testing equipment (Ryan 2016). Ireland successfully initiated its national RDT program in April of 2017, and a cocaine - driver who was already banned from driving was among the first to be detected (Brennan 2017). Scotland is anticipated to roll out its national RDT law and oral fluid drug testing kits by 2019, and Scottish road safety authorities plan to further enhance the existing RDT model programs (Roberts 2017). Australia, England, Ireland and Wales are global leaders in RDT programs and have already approved national drugged -driving laws as well as the use of roadside oral fluid drug testing kits as part of the standard operating procedure. Canada and Scotland are also anticipated to initiate new national DUI -D legislation and RDT programs. BAC Equivalence Infeasibility and Per Se Solutions: Dr. Robert DuPont has emphasized that BAC equivalency is infeasible due to the sheer number of illicit and pharmaceutical drugs and potential drug combinations (Reisfield 2012). The American Prosecutors Research Institute concurred with this assessment and published a report which stated, "For ethical and safety reasons, on -the -road driving studies using 'real-world' doses of drugs like cocaine and methamphetamine are not feasible (Kerrigan 27)." Further, a national meeting of DREs, prosecutors and toxicologists, emphasized that vehicular homicide and manslaughter cases were unreasonably difficult to charge and prosecute, due to the lack of clear legal thresholds (Logan 2007). Due to the infeasibility of establishing BAC equivalency for all drugs of abuse and the interminable number of potential drug combinations, Dr. DuPont has recommended taking immediate action by establishing zero -tolerance and per se drugged -driving laws (Reisfield 2012). The UK's hybrid per se drugged -driving law sets clear zero -tolerance per se limits for illicit drugs and standard per se limits which are set well above the normal prescribed dosages for prescription drugs, while offering a statutory medical defense for drivers who are taking their lawful prescription medications in alignment with their physician's instructions (Ellis 2015). A balanced hybrid zero -tolerance perse approach would prioritize road safety and send a clear message that driving under the influence of illicit drugs is never acceptable, as it always puts innocent lives at risk. Post -Crash Drug Testing Programs: Post -crash drug testing programs have been especially successful in the UK, and similar programs could be initiated and expanded here in the U.S. In Greater Manchester, there were a record 142 positive roadside drug testing kits following collisions in December of 2015 alone (Rochdale Online 2016). In Warwickshire 43 drivers involved in crashes were tested for drugs over a three-month period, with "16 testing positive for cannabis, four for cocaine and two for both (Machin 2016)." Anecdotally, evidential roadside drug testing systems are being utilized in a growing number of cases here in the U.S. to detect and charge drugged -drivers in vehicular homicide/manslaughter cases. A drugged -driver under the influence of multiple illicit drugs was convicted based in part upon the evidential result of an on-site drug testing system in Kern County California (Douglas 2016). In Brooklyn, a drugged -driver under the influence of cocaine was arrested at the scene of a fatal collision after the evidential drug screening system indicated a positive result (Stepansky 2016). Both AAA and the GHSA have recommended implementing similar post -crash roadside & laboratory drug testing programs and screening all DUI and DUI -D arrestees for drugs & alcohol, as well as all fatally -injured and surviving drivers in post - crash situations (Arnold 2016). 14 Post -crash drug testing has also proven effective among operators and employees in other transportation sectors. While random drug test positives increased by 43% in 2015 among U.S. railway employees, there was also a significant relative increase in positive post -crash drug test results from zero in 2014, to two in 2015 and sixteen in 2016 (Halsey 111 2016). FRA Administrator Sarah E. Feinberg, emphasized that the trend must be marginalized, and that "We've discussed in depth the kind of data that we are seeing, the uptick in positive post -crash tests, [and] the significant rise in positives in our random testing pool [which is limited to approximately 120,000 'safety sensitive' transportation employees] (Halsey 111 2016)." The implementation of the GHSA and AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety recommendations regarding post -crash drug testing could be beneficial to all sectors of U.S. transportation, and the removal of safety sensitive transportation employees convicted of DUI -D while on or off duty could save lives. Summary of GHSA/AAA Roadside Drug Testing Recommendations: The Governors Highway Safety Association (GHSA) published its study on Drug -Impaired Driving in September 2015, and has recommended that states review/update their drugged -driving laws as necessary (Hedlund 2015). It is important to note that the UK's comprehensive hybrid per se and zero - tolerance per se limit approach and the AAA drugged -driving recommendations align quite well with the GHSA report recommendations. The GHSA and AAA roadside drug testing recommendations include, but are not limited to the following items: 1. Consider adopting roadside oral fluid drug testing kits and corroborating all positive results with laboratory drug testing in support of existing DRE and ARIDE programs 2. Consider "zero -tolerance" perse limits for illicit drugs 3. Test all fatally-injured/surviving drivers involved in fatal crashes for drugs 4. Test all drivers arrested for DUI and DUI -D for drugs & alcohol 5. Standardize drug testing and data collection procedures to improve the accuracy of FARS data 6. Assure that toxicology labs provide drug testing results in a timely manner for the purposes of efficiently prosecuting DUI -D cases 7. Develop comprehensive policy and media campaigns to address the traffic safety issue of drugged -driving (Hedlund 2015) 8. Adopt DUI -D sanctions which are comparable to those for DUI, under similar implied consent standards & commensurate penalties (Hedlund 2017) Conclusions — Authorities are in the process of expanding the use of evidential roadside oral fluid testing systems under each of the aforementioned enforcement models, and as former ONDCP director, Dr. Robert DuPont, has stated, DRE programs alone are not scalable to the problem of drugged -driving enforcement and the utilization of oral fluid testing kits could expand both enforcement coverage and detection capabilities. Australia has had the most experience with the use of oral fluid testing systems and has generated considerable data which could be beneficial to legislatures considering the approval of roadside drugalyzers. The U.K. has achieved unprecedented results with the successful roll out of its national roadside drug testing programs in England and Wales on March 2nd, 2015 and the programs will be expanded through 2017. U.K. traffic enforcement officers, including those of the Greater Manchester Police, have achieved the highest positive detection rates of any police department around the world, and it may be advantageous to consider hosting officers from Australia, Canada, England, Ireland and Wales here in the U.S. to share best practices and effective deployment strategies. Similar 15 programs are being implemented in North America, and Canada approved a national pilot roadside drug testing program in 2016 (Frankfoort 2016). Ireland also approved a nationwide roadside drug testing initiative in 2016 (Ryan 2016). While, Scotland is anticipated to begin its national RDT program in 2019 (Roberts 2017). The AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety and GHSA both support the use of roadside evidential drug testing kits, and AAA recommended that "states should authorize and encourage law enforcement to collect and test samples for drugs and alcohol for all DUI arrestees (Arnold 2016)." With the emergence of new technologies and novel applications of existing forensic drug testing methods, including the analysis of latent fingerprint residues to detect cocaine and cocaine metabolites, it may be advantageous to expand the language of new drugged -driving legislation to encompass any unforeseen emerging technologies which demonstrate that the driver was under the influence of drugs while in control of the vehicle, are found to be scientifically reliable and are admissible as evidence (Bailey 2015). The U.S. is in the beginning stages of implementing oral fluid testing kits, and pilot programs have been initiated by the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD), Sacramento Police Department (Sacramento PD) and Louisville Metro Police Department (LMPD) among others, and although oral fluid testing kits have not yet been approved for use under perse and implied consent standards, they could be utilized immediately on a voluntary basis after gaining consent from the suspected drugged -driver. California State Senator Bob Huff emphasized that the cost of training officers to utilize the kits was "estimated to be minor and absorbable" and "if the test kit usage is high enough, an analyzer could be provided at no cost (Senator Bob Huff 2016)." Both the GHSA and AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety have recommended that states consider increasing the use of oral fluid drug testing kits in support of the existing ARIDE and DRE programs, as well as drug testing all drivers arrested for DUI and DUI -D (Arnold 2016). Hedlund and the GHSA have recommended establishing zero -tolerance laws for illicit drugs as the crash risk may double, approving DUI -D sanctions which are comparable to DUI under similar implied consent standards & penalties and supporting DRE programs with effective oral fluid drug testing technologies (Hedlund 2017). Flannigan et al., emphasized that oral fluid drug screening was found to be 97% consistent with blood testing by the NHTSA, that the combination of on-site and laboratory oral fluid drug screening methods could replace blood testing and have also recommended drug testing all suspected impaired drivers utilizing the best available roadside drug testing kits and equipment (Flannigan 2017). 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Tamworth Herald. 27 May 2016. 30 May 2016. <http://www.tamworthheraid.co.uk/Drugs-half-men-tested-road-accidents/story-29319318- detail/story.html#l> 23 Maclean, Callum. "More than 100 motorists failed drink drive tests in June." East Anglian Daily Times. 16 Jul. 2015. Web. 28 Jul.2015.<http://www.eadt.co.uk/news/more_than_100_motorists_ failed_dri nk_drive_tests_in june_1_4156450> MADD. "MADD Statistics." Mothers Against Drunk Driving. 2015. Web. 12 Aug. 2015. <http://www.madd.org/statistics/> Marks, Alison. "Police reveal thousands of coast driers on the road drunk or high" Gold Coast Bulletin. 22 Jul. 2016. Web. 23 Jul. 2016. <http://www.goldcoastbulletin.com.au/news/crime-court/police-reveal-thousands- of-coast-drivers-on-the-road-drunk-or-high/news-story/7e355953dOc6bcOOISScdl82f3938cf5> Massey, Ray. "More than 400 a month arrested for drug driving since new laws introduced: 50% of motorists stopped are testing positive." The Daily Mail. 11 Jun. 2015. Web. 17 Jun. 2015. <http://www.dailyma il.co. uk/news/article-3120803/More-400-month-arrested-d rug-drivi ng-new-laws- introd uced-50-motorists-stopped-testing-positive.html> Mata, William. "Ice cream man found with drugs on Harlow round." Harlow Star. 8 Sep. 2016. Web. 15 Sep. 2016. <http://www.harlowstar.co.uk/ice-cream-man-found-with-drugs-on-harlow-round/story-29697181- detail/story.html> Mayer, Chloe. "Terrifying 60 per cent of drivers found to be high after failing new drug tests." The Sun. 18 Mar. 2016. Web. 18 Mar. 2016. <http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/news/7012592/Masses-of-drivers- found-to-be-high-after-fail ing-new-drug-tests.htm I> McCubbin, Jayne. "Drug -driving arrests increase 600% after law change." BBC News. 23 Nov. 2015. Web. 3 Dec. 2015. <http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-34898385> McKinnell, Jamie. "NSW drug driver charges triple: report." Yahoo 7 News. 30 May 2017. 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Web. 11 Jul. 2016. <http://www.centralwesterndaily.com.au/stary/4022865/highest-number-of-drug- drivers/> Nankervis, David. "More than 4000 people have been repeatedly caught drug -driving since tests began a decade ago." The Advertiser. 5 May 2016. Web. 6 May 2016. <http://www.adela idenow. com.au/news/south-australia/more-than-4000-people-have-been-repeatedly- caught-drugdrivi ng-since-tests-began-a-decade-ago/news-story/5649945952681ffaee6189f23aaf40b0> 24 Newcastle Herald. "New Plan to Tackle Ice Problem Announced in Dubbo." The New Castle Herald 15 Mar. 2015. Web. 15 Mar. 2015. <http://www.theheraid.com.au/story/2945467/new-plan-to-tackle-ice-problem- announced-in-dubbo/?cs=2452> Newton, Jennifer. "Tearful British builder appears in a French court accused of causing fatal car crash after snorting cocaine." Daily Mail. 27 Sep. 2016. Web. 27 Sep. 2016. <http://www.dailymaii.co.uk/news/article- 3809784/Tearful-British-bui Ider-appears-French-court-accused-causing-fata I-car-crash-snorti ng- cocaine.html> Noticias La Informacion. "La DGT gastara 1,9 millones en mantener los equipos de deteccion de drogas." Lainformacion. 9Apr. 2015. Web. 21 Jun.2015.<http://noticias.lainformacion.com/espana/la-dgt-gastara- 1-9-m illones-en-mantener-los-equipos-de-deteccion-de-drogas_vDJxp N D7cpxtpr4kGcl Ny4/> O'Halloran, Marie. "'Drug -driving' test to focus on cocaine, cannabis, heroin." The Irish Times. 28 Sep. 2016. Web. 28 Sep. 2016. <http://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/oireachtas/drug-driving-test-to-focus-on- cocaine-ca nnabis-heroin-1.2808437> Ong, Thuy. "Hundreds of Drug Drivers Caught by Police Over Easter Long Weekend in NSW." ABC News. 7 APR 2015. Web. 21 APR 2015. <http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-04-07/one-in-six-nsw-motorists-test- pos it ive-fo r -d rugs-over-easte r/6374882> Orange County Breeze. "Senate Public Safety Committee approves drugged driving legislation SB 1462." Orange County Breeze. 20 Apr. 2016. Web. 21 Apr. 2016. <http://www.oc- breeze.com/2016/04/20/85007_senate-public-safety-committee-approves-drugged-driving-legislation-sb- 1462/> Paducah City Commission Meeting Highlights. SurfKY News. 11 Mar. 2015. Web. 15 Mar. 2015. < http://su rfky.com/index.p hp/news/loca I/mccracken/58433-pad uca h-city-com mission -meeting -highlights> Pattinson, Rob. "Ice cream man was high on cannabis and cocaine while serving kids." The Sun. 9 Sep. 2016. Web. 15 Sep. 2016. <https://www.thesun.co.uk/news/1757820/ice-cream-man-was-high-on-cannabis-and- cocai ne-whi le-servi ng -kids/> Payne, Tom, Chris Greenwood. "The lethal epidemic of drug drivers: More than HALF of suspects stopped test positive for cocaine, cannabis and other banned highs." Daily Mail. 18 Mar. 2016. Web. 18 Mar. 2016. <http://www.dailyma il.co. uk/news/articl e-3499718/The-lethal-epi dem ic-drug-drivers-HALF-suspects- stopped-test-positive-cocaine-cannabis-banned-highs.html> Pearson, Erin. "Geelong and Colac drug tests nabbing high drivers." Geelong Advertiser. 15 Jul. 2015. Web. 15 Jul. 2015. <http://www.geelongadvertiser.com.au/news/crime-court/geelong-and-colac-drug-tests- nabbing-high-drivers/story-fnjuhoxe-1227442294068> Petrinic, Isabell. "Where drug drivers got caught." Daily Telegraph. 8 Jul. 2016. Web. 11 Jul. 2016. <http://www. dai lytelegraph.com.au/newslocal/west/where-drug-drivers-got-caught/news- story/b7414dd5flbe4b7f213e5f302d5f8a7b> Petroviak, Hunter. "Drivers Under Influence of Drugs on the Rise." IATH110 News 16 Feb. 2015. Web. 15 Mar. 2015. <http://wthitv.com/2015/02/16/drivers-under-influence-of-drugs-on-the-rise/> Pierret, Ann. "Cracking Down on Drugged Driving." WILX 10 News. 9 Oct. 2015. Web. 18 Mar. 2016. <http://www.wi lx.com/home/headli nes/Cracki ng-Down-on-Drugged-Driving-3314751S2.htm I> 25 Pohlman, Duane. "Local 12 Investigates: Drugged Driving." WKRC Local 12 News. 13 Feb. 2017. Web. 21 Feb. 2017. <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2-UYQ8OpgfQ> Ragsdale, Travis. "New drug testing could save LMPD thousands of dollars." WDRB News. 1 Apr. 2015. Web. 24 Jun. 2015. <http://www.wdrb.com/story/28700226/new-drug-testing-could-save-impd-thousands-of- dollars> Reisfield, Gary M., Bruce A. Goldberger, Mark S. Gold and Robert L. DuPont. `The Mirage of Impairing Drug Concentration Thresholds: A Rationale for Zero Tolerance Per Se Driving under the Influence of Drugs Laws." Journal of Analytical Toxicology. Vol. 36, Issue 5, 2012. Web 5 Nov. 2014. Rochdale Online. "Hundreds of drink and drug drivers arrested in December." Rochdale Online. 8 Jan. 2016. Web. 14 Jan. 2016. <http://www.rochdaleonline.co.uk/news-features/2/news-headlines/100277/hundreds- of-drink-and-drug-drivers-arrested-i n-december> Rooney, Kieran. "Police tests reveal drug drive surge." Townsville Bulletin. 24 Jan. 2016. Web. 25 Jan. 2016. <http://www.townsvi llebu iletin.com.au/news/police-tests-reveal-drug-drive-surge/news- story/86a8Od35b7c3clb048a31c21dc75b43d> Ryan, Orla. "Gardai given new powers to test drivers for drugs at roadside." The Journal. 20 Dec. 2016. Web. 29 Dec. 2016. <http://www.thejournal.ie/road-traffic-bill-2016-3152119-Dec2016/> Scott, Francis. "Cocaine-fueled groom on his stag night is chased by police who Taser him at wheel of his 130,000 [pound] supercar which he then smashes into lamppost." Daily Mail. 7 Oct. 2016. Web. 7 Oct. 2016. <http://www.d ailymai l.co.0 k/news/articl e-3827628/Coca ine-fuel led-groom-stag-night-chased-police-Taser- wheel-130-000-su percar-smashes-lam ppost. htm I?ITO=1490> Senator Bob Huff. "Senate Appropriations Committee Hears Important Safety Legislation." California State Senator Bob Huff. 9 May 2016. Web. 9 May 2016. <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QG_fXPSyjco> Sharp, Richard. "New Device Tests Drivers for Drugs." KORA News Channel 3. Web. 11 Nov. 2014. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-BaelSfNzbl> Snowdon, Tom. "Police are using statistical data to better target areas where drug-driving appears to regularly figure in crashes." The Courier-Mail. 9 Aug. 2015. Web. 8 Aug. 2015. <http://www.cou riermaii.com.au/news/queensland/police-are-using-statistical-data-to-better-target-areas- where-drug-driving-ap pears-to-regularly-figure-in-crashes/story-fnihsrf2-1227475641344> South Australia News. "Twenty truck drivers test positive to drugs during SAPOL operation." The Advertiser SA News. 1 Nov. 2016. Web. 7 Nov. 2016. <http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/news/south-australia/twenty- truck-drivers-test-positive-to-d rugs-during-sapol-operation/news- story/f76d68400cf0752d9afea7256666384d> Starnes, Callie, Kelly McCarthy. "Truck driver involved in fatal crash wanted in Wisconsin." WRCB TV. 30 Jun. 2015. Web. 25 Jul. 2015. < http://www.wrcbtv.com/story/29442316/truck-driver-involved-in-fatal-crash- wa nted-i n-wis co nsi n> Statement from Rep. John Mica, Subcommittee Chair. "Marijuana and Transportation Safety." House Oversight & Government Reform Subcommittee on Government Operations. CSPAN. Washington, D.C. 31 Jul. 2014. Television [web simulcast]. Web. 21 Aug. 2014. V11 Stepansky, Joseph, Rocco Parascandola, Graham Rayman, Andy Mai, John Annese. "Driver who killed bicyclist in Brooklyn had cocaine in his system" New York Daily News. 11 May 2016. Web. 28 Sep. 2016. <http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/brooklyn/driver-ki lled-bicycl ist-brooklyn-cocai ne-system-article- 1.2631680> The Advertiser. "Too many drugged idiots on our roads." Adelaide Now. The Advertiser. 24 Sep. 2016. Web. 27 Sep. 2016. <https://www.facebook.com/theadvertiser/?fref=ts> The Associated Press. "New laws authorize roadside saliva tests on pilot basis." WOOD TV News Channel 8. 24 Jun. 2016. Web. 27 Jun. 2016. <http://woodtv.com/2016/06/24/new-laws-authorize-roadside-saliva-tests- on-pilot-basis/> The NSW Police. "MDT—there's no escaping it" NSW Police Force. 30 Nov. 2015. Web. 29 Dec. 2015. <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gwYxR-m92SE> The Star. "Over half of drivers tested for drugs in South Yorkshire found with cocaine and cannabis in system." The Star. 2 Mar. 2016. Web. 2 Mar. 2016. <http://www.thestar.co.uk/news/over-half-of-drivers- tested-for-drugs-in-south-yorkshi re -fou nd-with-coca ine-and-cannabis-i n -system -1-7762092> Unwin, Bruce. "Peterlee cocaine dealer was more than 27 times over the drug driving limit when police stopped his BMW, court told." The Northern Echo. 3 May 2016. Web. 4 May 2016. <http://www.thenorthernecho.co.uk/news/14464280.Cocaine_dealer_more_than_27_times_over_the_drug _driving_lim it_when_police_stop ped_his_B M W/> U.S. Dept. of Transportation - NHTSA. 2007 National Roadside Survey of Alcohol and Drug Use by Drivers. Washington, D.C. 2008. Print. U.S. Dept. of Transportation - NHTSA. Drug Involvement of Fatally Injured Drivers. Washington, D.C. 2010. Print. Vagun, Alice. "Sheriff's office investigates numbers behind drugged driving in Dane County." The Badger Herald. 21 Sep. 2016. Web. 27 Sep. 2016. <https:Hbadgerherald.com/news/2016/09/21/sheriffs-office- investigates-num bers-beh ind-drugged-driving-in-dane-county/> Walker, Emily. "Drug driver killed two people whilst 16 times the legal limit for cocaine." The Argus. l Sep. 2016. Web. 16 Sep. 2016. <http://www.theargus.co.uk/news/14718307. Drug_driver_kil led_two_people_whilst_16_times_the_legal_l i mit_for_cocaine/> Wanniarachige, Dane. "Drugged Driving: Canada's Laws Lag Behind." Canadian Medical Association Journal. 14 Apr. 2015. Web. 15 Apr. 2015. <http://www.cmai.ca/site/ea rlyreleases/14aprill5_Drugged_d riving_Ca nadas_laws_lag_behind.xhtml> Warhurst, Craig. "Gympie drivers to make up over 800 drug driver arrests." The Gympie Times. 26 Aug. 2015. Web. 26 Aug. 2015. <http://www.gympietimes.com.au/news/cars-drivers-both-loaded/2752784/> Watkinson, Will. "Cash seized from Essex criminals used to buy testing kits for drug driving suspects." The Essex Chronicle. 20 Oct. 2015. Web. 21 Oct. 2015.<http://www.essexchronicle.co.uk/Cash-seized-Essex- criminals-used-buy-testing-kits/story-28020302-detail/story.htm I> 27 We Save Lives. "AB 1356 Fact Sheet: Assemblyman Tom Lackey 36t1 District— AB1356 Drugged Driving Oral Fluid Tests." We Save Lives. Apr. 2015. Web. 19 Apr. 2015. <http://wesavelives.org/wp- content/uploads/2015/03/AB-1356-Fact-Sheet3. pdf> West Sussex County Times. "Horsham mum banned from roads for drug -driving on school run." West Sussex County Times. 3 Mar. 2016. Web. 3 Mar. 2016. <http://www.wscountytimes.co.uk/news/crime/horsham- mu m -banned -from -roads -for -drug -driving -on -school -run -1-7249161> White, Laurel. "Dane County to roll out drugged driving pilot program this year." The Cap Times. 14 Jan. 2016. Web. 14 Jan. 2016. <http://host.madison.com/ct/news/local/govt-and-politics/dane-county-to-roll- out-d rugged-drivi ng-pil ot-progra m-this/articl e_6d6ad957-3a19-Sdda-ad9e-9cd16f9876d4.html> Worrall, Allison. "Drugs overtake alcohol as major killer on Victorian roads." The Age Victoria. 11 Oct. 2015. Web. 12 Oct. 2015. < http://www.theage.com.au/victoria/drugs-overtake-alcohol-as-major-killer-on- victorian-roads-20151011-gk6a9b.html> WMTV16. "Officials announce initiatives to reduce drugged driving in Dane County." WMTV16 News. 26 Feb. 2016. Web. 19 Mar. 2016. <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ifG5lGwloBg&list=PLmsRUCGk- idehb7a E915eFkJ_CEyU mzCW&index=6> WRCB Chattanooga. "National Transportation Safety Board news conference 070215." WRCB Chattanooga. 2 Jul. 2015. Web. 25 Jul. 2015. <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lJCgdRXV8R8> WRCB staff. "UPDATE: Grandmother of youngest crash victims wants answers in 1-75 fatal crash." WRCB TV. 25 Jun. 2015. Web. 25 Jul. 2015. < http://www.wrcbtv.com/story/29442316/truck-driver-involved-in-fatal- cras h-wa nted-i n -w iscons i n> Wynn, Mike. "KY considering roadside driver drug tests." The Courier -Journal. 15 Sep. 2015. Web. 16 Sep. 2015. <http://www.courier-journal.com/story/news/local/2015/09/15/ky-considering-roadside-driver-drug- tests/72303836/> Wynne -Jones, Jonathan. "Police to get saliva test to catch motorists under the influence of cannabis." Daily Mail. 16 Jan. 2014. Web. 15 Mar. 2015. <http://www.dallymall.co.uk/news/article-2540452/First- breathalyser-Britain-gets-SPITALYSER-Police-saliva-test-catch-motorists-i nfl uence-cannabis.html> 28 From: Nicholas Wing <nickwingmusic@gmail.com> Sent: Monday, June 05, 2017 2:53 PM To: Council Subject: Re: DUI -D Successes Attachments: The Raman spectrometer as a complementary technology to immunoassay drug testing kits 2 _13_17.pdf Thank you for archiving the messages you receive from concerned citizens. God bless you and thank you. Best regards, -Nick Wing WingMan LLC 317 Brentwood Oaks Drive Nashville, TN 37211 615.499.0382 On Mon, Jun 5, 2017 at 2:49 PM, Nicholas Wing <nickwingmusic(email.cwm> wrote: Dear Council Members and City Officials: FYI - The following City of San Diego and SDPD roadside drug testing initiative is generating positive results for DUI -D enforcement and road & community safety: http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/newa/public-safety/sd-me-aot-test-20170316-story.html For the first time in U.S. history, more fatally-jnjured drivers tested positive for drugs than for alcohol, according to the GHSA. Both the AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety and GHSA have recommended drug & alcohol screening all DUI and DUI -D arrestees, as well as all fatally -injured and surviving drivers involved in fatal collisions. Perhaps DUI -D programs could also help to raise significant new revenue for local & state governments, similar to alcohol DUI programs. Thank you, and I hope that this is beneficial information. Best regards, -Nick Wing WingMan LLC 317 Brentwood Oaks Drive Nashville, TN 37211 (615)499-0382 The Raman spectrometer as a complementary technology to immunoassay drug testing kits Nick Wing WingMan LLC 317 Brentwood Oaks Drive Nashville, TN 37211 615-499-0382 2/13/17 Roadside "drugalyzers" and complementary Raman spectroscopy — The use of roadside "drugalyzer" oral fluid immunoassay test kits has achieved unprecedented results in Australia, England and Wales, and handheld Raman spectrometers could be utilized as a complementary technology in the detection & identification of any drugs found in possession of the driver and/or within the vehicle. Since the new drug driving law was initiated in England and Wales, the Cheshire Police have achieved a 600% increase in drugged driving arrests, over the previous year (McCubbin 2015). Further, in the State of Queensland, Australia, there were more than 8,200 drivers screened with the immunoassay kits and found to be driving under the influence of drugs in 2015 (AAP 2016). In New South Wales, there were more than 7,500 drivers found to be under the influence of drugs, and roughly half of the positives were for methamphetamine or methamphetamine in combination with another illicit drug (Godfrey 2015). The double-edged positive impact of these programs is also likely to result in a greater number of drug, cash and contraband discoveries at the roadside and in subsequent investigations, and officers could benefit from an equally scalable in situ drug detection & identification system in order to rapidly identify these drugs in the field. Further, the positive oral fluid "drugalyzer" test result could be supported by the positive identification of any illicit/pharmaceutical drugs found on the driver and/or within the vehicle. Drugged driving is increasing and complementary scalable solutions are needed. Dr. Robert L. DuPont, former ONDCP director, has stated that DRE programs alone do not offer sufficient enforcement coverage, and has recommended expanding the use of oral fluid roadside drug screening systems to augment and support the existing DRE programs (DuPont 2012). The whole being greater than the sum of its parts, a combined DRE and evidential roadside drug testing kit program could be further enhanced via the use of Raman spectroscopy to identify trace or visible amounts of any drugs found in possession of the driver and/or within the vehicle and may help to establish recent consumption and gain the DUI -D conviction. Raman spectrometers are currently utilized for presumptive drug identification applications in the majority of U.S. states and in 35 countries worldwide (Barr 2016). Simple hypothetical roadside "drugalyzer" and Raman detection & identification process diagram: Summary of Raman spectrometer advantages: 1. Rapid & accurate identification of illicit and pharmaceutical drugs with a 99.9% accuracy achieved by the TruNarc system (Pruneau 2014) 2. Non -contact, non-destructive and label free chemical analysis & identification of unknown powders, liquids and solids in the field with little to no sample preparation (Smiths Detection 2013) 3. Negligible cost per testing iteration vs. the one test per unit cost of a wet chemistry kit resulting in greater scalability in high volume testing applications (Thermo Scientific 2012) 4. Updatable spectral "fingerprint" libraries to chemically identify new illicit/synthetic drugs as they are encountered in the field in real-time (Thermo Fisher 2012) 5. Onboard spectral libraries of hundreds to thousands of substance specific chemical spectral 'fingerprints' enabling an unprecedented simultaneous screening capability for thousands of substances in a single test requiring as little as 30 seconds (B&W Tek 2015) 6. Scans directly through clear plastic containers, bottles and forensic evidence bags, including "directly through 12 layered plastic bags" in order to identify a ".50 gram sample of cocaine" (B&W Tek 2015) 7. Spatially Offset Raman Spectroscopy (SORS) instruments enable the operator to scan through many types of opaque containers with thicknesses of up to 10mm (Cobalt Light Systems 2015). Summary of Raman spectrometer Disadvantages: 1. High upfront cost of spectrometer, as much as $20,000 per system (Pruneau 2014) 2. Generally requires a visible level of the drug or precursor in order to identify it, with detection limits as low as .20 of a gram (B&W Tek 2015) 3. Results are currently only utilized in small drug possession court proceedings, and subsequent laboratory testing is required for drug trafficking cases (Schrader 2014) 4. All Raman spectrometer systems are not yet optimized for trace detection applications via the use of customized accessories Raman spectroscopy to prevent & eliminate drug case backlogs: Rapidly scalable roadside "drugalyzers" will require equally scalable & complementary field forensics technologies. In the State of Queensland, Australia, there were 8,200 positive roadside oral fluid drug test results and DUI -D arrests in 2015 (AAP 2016). If a significant percentage of these arrests also led to the discovery of a prosecutable amount of drugs on the driver and/or within the vehicle, it could have potentially backed up the state forensic laboratory with an overwhelming number of forensic samples to be processed in a short period of time. Thus, Raman spectroscopy could be leveraged in order to prevent an influx of forensic samples to state forensic labs. Raman spectroscopy is ideally suited to the in situ chemical identification of illicit and pharmaceutical drugs, and can be leveraged to prevent the accumulation of drug case backlogs awaiting presumptive and laboratory identification (Schrader 2014). For example, the Thermo Scientific TruNarc handheld Raman analyzer was utilized by the New South Wales (NSW) Police to eliminate their backlog of more than 1,000 drug cases in 2014 (NSW Police 2014). The NSW and South Australia Police (SAPOL) have also leveraged the results of Raman spectroscopy to incentivize the defendant to enter a guilty plea rather than seeing the case protracted with further laboratory testing and going to trial (Schrader 2014). Thus, although the presumptive test results may not yet be accepted as evidence in all court systems, the accuracy is sufficient to incentivize a guilty plea. The use of Raman spectrometers could be expanded in conjunction with roadside "drugalyzers" to potentially enhance the efficiencies and outcomes of each program, respectively. Subsidizing the cost of Raman spectrometers: One of the primary drawbacks of Raman spectroscopy is the high unit cost of the handheld systems. This cost is being offset in a variety of ways, including through grants and federal forfeiture funds. For example, the Canfield Police Department was able to purchase a TruNarc Raman analyzer utilizing a portion of federal forfeiture funds (Connelly 2014). Police departments in Kentucky and Massachusetts were also able to use federal forfeiture funds and/orfederal grants to purchase the TruNarc systems (Bellamy 2015). The Indiana State Police procured five TruNarc systems utilizing federal grants and forfeiture funds, and the program has been so successful that five to seven additional TruNarc ID systems will be acquired by 2017 to further expand the program (Lama 2016). Raman spectrometer manufacturers might also consider offering lease -to -own agreements, in order that police departments can afford to procure the systems out of their own annual budgets until the value of the device is realized. In Etowah and Calhoun County Alabama, the use of the TruNarc devices resulted in an additional $135,000 in cash seizures and fines & fees against convicted drug dealers (Lockette 2013). Innovative partnerships with local hospitals and universities have also made the systems more affordable. Mark Hastings, director of emergency management for Southern New Hampshire Medical Center (SNHMC), stated that the purchase of their Raman ID system was financially justified through the partnership with the Nashua Police Department, as the handheld system can be shared between the PD and hospital system (Houghton 2016). Hastings emphasized that it is not strictly a law enforcement technology, but can also be utilized to better protect hospital personnel when unknown substances are encountered at their facilities (Houghton 2016). Other communities have made the systems more affordable for police departments by partnering with local community colleges to act as independent testing labs (Slater 2015). District Attorneys Mike O'Dell and Charlie Rhodes announced a partnership with local law enforcement and the NEACC Criminal Justice Institute for Applied Forensics to procure the TruNarc Raman chemical identifier and create an independent forensic lab and "a local drug evidence site for area law enforcement in DeKalb and Jackson counties. (Slater 2015)" According to DeKalb County Sheriff Jimmy Harris, it can take as long as 18 to 24 months to receive the test results from a state forensic laboratory, and this partnership makes the TruNarc affordable for DeKalb and Jackson County police (Christmas 2015). Raman spectroscopy offers additional security and checks & balances: Raman spectroscopy could also offer an additional layer of security within police department and state forensic lab systems, while increasing personnel safety. The use of a handheld Raman identifier could have prevented the misidentification in a 2016 high profile case in the State of Florida which involved a man who was arrested after a presumptive wet chemistry test kit indicated that the white flakes found in his vehicle were meth, when in fact they were flakes of icing from a donut (Moses 2016). Another case resulted in a $195,000 lawsuit against a Pennsylvania police department, when bricks of homemade soap were misidentified as bricks of cocaine (Guay 2016). Further, the case resulted in negative publicity against the police department, when the average officer might have come to the same conclusion based upon the presence of other illicit drugs within the vehicle, the visual similarity of the bricks of soap and the presumptive test kit's false -positive result (Guay 2016). In both of these cases, a presumptive Raman analysis could have prevented the arrests, thus enhancing the individuals' rights while saving government resources. Raman spectrometers can also be utilized to enhance state forensic lab processes. In April of 2015, Calhoun/Cleburne County District Attorney Brian McVeigh was informed that 54 drug evidence samples had been stolen from a state forensic laboratory by an internal laboratory employee; however, three of the destroyed samples had already been presumptively identified utilizing a TruNarc Raman identifier device (Thornton 2015). Among the virtues of handheld Raman analyzers is that drug evidence samples can be presumptively identified with a roughly 99.9% accuracy prior to being sent to the state forensic laboratory, thus enhancing the security and internal auditing capability of the justice system (Pruneau 2014). If a Raman presumptive identification process had been implemented throughout the state justice system, the security breach might have been prevented. Raman spectrometers may be further optimized through customized optics and accessories Bar, Ostmark and Mty6czak have each demonstrated nanogram level trace detection utilizing Raman microscopes, standoff Raman telescopes and eye -safe standoff Raman sensor systems, respectively (Malka 2013). Dr. Henric Ostmark achieved a nanogram level detection capability utilizing an 11 inch telescope with spectral acquisition times as low as —1 sec, and at standoff distances of 470 meters (Ostmark 2012). And Mtyriczak, et al. utilized a Raman sensor system to detect alcohol vapor in car cabins at standoff distances of 10 meters (Miyriczak 2014). Therefore, the optimization of existing handheld Raman instruments should be feasible via customized optics and other components mutually utilized in the aforementioned trace analysis studies. Other customized accessories currently include the B&W Tek, Inc. TacPac for heroin identification (B&W Tek 2016). The use of the TacticID with its SERS enhancement accessory is also helping to protect officers in the field who must handle unknown and potentially dangerous substances, and enables multi- modal Raman analyses "without exposing the officer to the material. (McElveen 2016)" It may also be feasible to offer customized accessories to allow officers to safely and rapidly scan the contents of vaporizer pens, syringes and other potentially hazardous drug paraphernalia directly through the cylinder or container. According to Lt. Robert Sharpe, Washington State Highway Patrol, "[drugged drivers] could put methamphetamine in a vape pen and you wouldn't know (Hastings 2015)." Raman spectrometers, including SORS instruments, may be ideally suited to allow the officer to safely identify the chemical contents of vape pens, syringes and other drug paraphernalia. Conclusions — The use of Roadside "drugalyzer" oral fluid immunoassay test kits is likely to result in an increase in the number of traffic stop drug seizures, and Raman spectroscopy is ideally suited to enable officers to safely presumptively identify unknown drugs found at the scene without being directly exposed to the potentially hazardous substance (Lama 2016). The use of handheld Raman spectrometers could also reduce any existing drug case backlogs, while ensuring that state forensic laboratory systems are not overwhelmed by the anticipated increase in drug possession case forensic evidence samples. A combined DRE and oral fluid "drugalyzer' test kit program could be further enhanced via the use of Raman spectroscopy to presumptively identify any drugs found in possession of the driver and/or within the vehicle and therefore may help to gain the drugged driving conviction. Sources: AAP. "Old police to ramp up roadside drug tests." The Australian. 1 Jan. 2016. Web. 6.1 an. 2016. <http://www.thea ustra I is n. com. a u/n ews/I atest-news/qid-pol ice -to -ram p -u p -roads ide-d rug-tests/news- sto ry/073786ef6749431fe661ad911fc5d89 b> Barr, Kerstin. "The TruNarc analyzer is a non-invasive, handheld narcotics lab for (Ding drugs in the field." Thermo Fisher Scientific. 8 Mar. 2016. Web. 13 Feb. 2017. <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xchiPhABOHA> Bellamy, Lana. "Handheld device can help fight drug problem." The Daily Independent. 12 Nov. 2015. Web. 4Jan. 2016. <http://www.dailyindependent.com/news/handheld-device-can-help-fight-drug- problem/article_926d16le-89bf-lle5-931c-4fe2c7226cfl.htmI> B&W Tek. "B&W Tek, Inc.—TacticlD Product Video." B&W Tek, Inc. 25 Feb. 2015. Web. 4 Jan. 2016 < https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bAsiaHHzJYs> B&W Tek. "B&W Tek, Inc.—TacticlD Explosives Testing with CBRNe World UK." B&W Tek, Inc. 24 Jun. 2015. Web. 4Jan. 2016. <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RwfBgVyL6aM> B&W Tek. "B&W Tek, Inc.—TacticlD Narcotics Testing with CBRNe World UK." B&W Tek, Inc. 23 Jun. 2015. Web. 4 Jan. 2016 <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RwfBgVyL6aM> B&W Tek. "Testimonial—TacPac Adaptor for Heroin Identification." B&W Tek, Inc. 4 Jan. 2016. Web. 1 Jan. 2016. <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9mZKzAP8a-k> Christmas, Laura. "Officials say drug testing lab at Northeast Alabama Community College will have substantial impact on cases." WHNT News 19. 28 Apr. 2015. Web. 4 Jan. 2016. < http://whnt.com/2015/04/28/officials-say-drug-testi ng -la b -at -northeast -a la bama-com m u nity-co Ilege- will-have-su bsta ntia I-im pact -on -cases/> Cobalt Light Systems. "RAPID Materials Verification through Unopened Containers." Cobalt Light Systems, Ltd. May 2015. Web. 26 Jan. 2016. <https://www.cobaltlight.com/download/51> Connelly, Robert. "Drug -forfeiture funds used to buy Canfield police gear." The Vindicator. 2 May 2014. Web. 4 Jan. 2016. <http://www.vindy.com/news/2014/may/02/drug-forfeiture-funds-used-to-buy- canfie/> DuPont, Robert L., Robert B. Voas, Michael Walsh, Corrine Shea, Stephen K. Talpins, Mark M. Neil. "The Need for Drugged Driving Per Se Laws: A Commentary' Traffic Injury Prevention Vol. 13, No. 31-42 (2012). Godfrey, Miles. "Road ice danger: Almost 50 per cent of drivers who failed roadside tests in 2015 took drug." The Advertiser. 25 Dec. 2015. Web. 6 Jan. 2016. <http://www.a dela ide now.com.a u/news/national/road-ice-da nger-a lmost-50-per-ce nt-of-drivers-wh o- failed-roadside-tests-in-2015-took-drug/news-story/100a007d4f5da0a6e529e338158e83b7> Guay, Jennifer. 'Bungling cops who mistook soap for cocaine are forced to dole out $195,000 in damages to wrongly accused suspect." Daily Mail. 15 Jul. 2016. Web. 11 Aug. 2016. <htt p://www.da i lym a i I. co. u k/n ews/a rticle-3692177/Pennsylvania-cops-mistook-soap-coca i n e-d ole-195- 000-da mages-suspect.htm I> Hastings, Patty. "Demand grows for new ways to consume marijuana: tonics, breath sprays and candies offer consumers options." The Columbian. 23 Aug. 2015. Web. 5 Jan. 2016. <http://www.colum bian.com/news/2015/aug/24/demand-grows-for-new-ways-to-consu me- marijuana/> Houghton, Kimberly. "Technology tries to keep police safe from lethal substances." New Hampshire Union Leader. 30 Oct. 2016. Web. 31 Oct. 2016. <http://www.unionleader.com/article/2016103l/NEWS07/161039908> Lama, Danielle. "Indiana State Police planning to buy more drug detection devices." WDRB News. 26 Sep. 2016. Web. 8 Oct. 2016. <http://www.wdrb.com/story/33236287/indiana-state-police-to-buy- m o re-d ru g-d ete ct i o n-d ev i ce s> Lockette, Tim. "Officials tout drug-detection device as time-saver." The Anniston Star. 15 Oct. 2013. Web. 4 Jan. 2016. <http://www.annistonstar.com/news/officials-tout-drug-detection-device-as-time- saver/article_12a09923-6bed-Scd7-bf6e-7473fb30e59b. html> Malka, Itamar, Alona Petrushansky, Salman Rosenwaks, Ilana Bar. "Detection of explosives and latent fingerprint residues utilizing laser pointer-based Raman spectroscopy." Applied Physics B Lasers & Optics. 113:511-518 (2013). McCubbin, Jayne. "Drug-driving arrests increase 600% after law change." BBC News. 23 Nov. 2015. Web. 3 Dec. 2015. <http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-34898385> McElveen, Josh. "Police face health dangers in fight against opioid epidemic." WMUR News Channel 9. 3 Sep. 2016. Web. 12 Oct. 2016. <http://www.wmur.com/article/police-face-health-dangers-in-fight- aga Inst-opioid-epidemic/5269447> Mly6czak 1., J. Kubicki, K. Kopczy6ski. "Stand-off detection of alcohol in car cabins." Journal of Applied Remote Sensing 0001;8(1):083627. doi:10.1117/1.JRS.8.083627 (2014). Web. 11 Nov. 2014. Moses, Katrina. "A proactive step to help citizens." The Chronicle Independent. 10 Aug. 2016. Web. 11 Aug. 2016. <httP://www.chronicle-independent.com/section/43/article/45556/> New South Wales Police. "High-tech drug-analysis device." The NSW Police. 24 Feb. 2014. Web. 4 Jan. 2016. <httPs://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gkv6rr2rDUc> Ostmark, Henric. Proceedings of Pittcon Conference & Expo. 13 Mar. 2012: Government Security Application of Laser Spectroscopy—Abstract 5. (2012). Pruneau, Ed. "Task Force Has New Drug Tester." The Missourian. 16 Aug. 2014. Web. 4 Jan. 2016. < http://www.emissourian.com/local_news/court_dockets/task-force-has-new-drug- tester/article_39679092-24b9-11e4-a639-0019bb2963f4.htm I> Schrader, John. "New hand held drug scanners being used by police." SA Police News.7 Sep. 2015. Web. 4 Jan. 2016. <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IuPDV8ZQuWu> Slater, Lindsay. "Forensics lab coming to NACC." Times-Journal. 24 Apr. 2015. Web. 4 Jan. 2016. < http://times-jou rnal.com/a rticle_a478347e-ead2-lle4-8345-9bb4e7e892c8. html> Smiths Detection. "Introducing the Smiths Detection ACE ID handheld Explosive, Toxic Chemical & Narcotics Identifier." Smiths Detection. 15 Nov. 2013. Web. 4 Jan. 2016. < https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KTIMeWA96no> Thermo Scientific. "Thermo ScientificTruNarc." Thermo Scientific. 6 Feb. 2012. Web. 4 Jan. 2016. < https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C7[vCvSoMhO> Thornton, William. "Calhoun County DA worried about possible drug cases compromised by lab breach." Alabama Media. 9 Apr. 2015. Web. 4 Jan. 2016. <http://www.al.com/news/anniston- gadsden/i ndex.ssf/2015/04/ca I hou n_cou nty_da_worried_a bou. htm I> 3f(5) From: Geoff Fruin Sent: Wednesday, June 07, 2017 1:25 PM To: Kellie Fruehling; Julie Voparil Cc: Eleanor M. Dilkes; Doug Boothroy; Ashley Monroe; Simon Andrew Subject: FW: thank you For City Council correspondence. Thanks— Geoff From: Nancy Bird[mailto:nancy@downtowniowacity.com] Sent: Wednesday, June 07, 2017 11:51 AM To: Jim Throgmorton; Susan Mims; Kingsley Botchway; Terry Dickens; Pauline Taylor; John Thomas; Rockne Cole Cc: Ross Nusser; Geoff Fruin; John Yapp; Mark Ginsberg Subject: thank you IC Council members - Thank you for the thoughtful deliberations at last night's Council meeting regarding the redevelopment of the Central State Bank lot. I recognized that many of the decisions on your plate are not easy ones and that you have many community members to respond to that all feel invested in a great Downtown. Thank you for those that voted in favor. For those that didn't, I believe that working with this developer as the building design progresses will help inform all of us of the challenges an investor like this goes through when working with "historic parcels," among others. The parcel size rarely comes up - but I think that it would be prudent for Opticos to research how future form based code standards on the NS will be met on all types of parcel sizes and have them vetted for feasibility prior to adoption. We can also learn how HUD standards and other regulations should change to allow more progressive development types - again, on small parcels. The ICDD would like to partner with the City to advocate for specific changes to state and federal rules as these obstacles are identified. (Changing elevator standards for historic buildings on small parcels is another example.) There is general support from NS property owners and commercial venues to advance a CB -5 type zone (maybe one less floor or more setbacks) in this area for infill development as is in line with the City's strategic plan, the missing middle and your plans to reduce the City s carbon footprint. I ask that you please consider a meeting with the NS commercial area interests separately from residential the next time Opticos is in town. With more information and education on future recommendations, the easier it becomes to accept the recommendations and to inform on the importance of good design standards and how they apply. Thanks for your consideration of these thoughts and your overall support of the project. Nancy Bird O: 319.354.0863 M: 206.930.6960 Iowa City Downtown District 103 E. College Street, Suite 200 Iowa City, IA 52240 downtowniowacitv.com Julie From: Eleanor M. Dilkes Sent: Thursday, June 08, 2017 4:58 PM To: 'mary@mccreedyruthconstruction.com' Cc: Julie Voparil Subject: RE: City Council packet Dear Ms. McCreedy, The City Clerk's office has forwarded your email to me for response. The Council meeting was held this morning at 8:00 a.m. and the Council adopted the ordinance which will be effective when it is published early next week. You mention in your email that you currently own several rental properties. The moratorium only prevents issuance of new rental permits (not renewals) in the described area. My contact information is below. Please contact me if you have questions or need clarification. Eleanor. Eleanor M. Dilkes City Attorney City of Iowa City 410 E. Washington St. Iowa City, IA 52240 Email: eleanor-dilkesDiowa-citv.oro Phone: (319) 356-5030 Fax: (319) 356-5008 From: Mary Ruth [mailto:mary@mccreedyruthconstruction.com] Sent: Thursday, June 08, 2017 2:04 PM To: Julie Voparil Subject: City Council packet Hi Julie: If you could include the attached letter with the packet for the City Council meeting tonight, I would appreciate it. Thanks Mary y McCreedy Ruth Construction LLC 5494 Oakcrest Hill Rd SE Riverside, IA 52327 Phone: 319.648.2166 Fax: 319.648.2166 Confidentiality Note: This message is intended only for the named recipient and may contain confidential, proprietary or legally privileged information. Unauthorized individuals or entities are not permitted access to this information. Any dissemination, distribution, or copying of this information is strictly prohibited. If you have received this message in error, please advise the sender by reply e-mail, and delete this message and any attachments. Thank you June 8, 2017 Members of the City Council City of Iowa City 410 East Washington Street Iowa City, IA 52240 LLC RE: Moratorium on rental permits Honorable Councilmen and Councilwomen: 5494 Oakcrest Hill Rd SE Riverside, IA 52327 Tim Ruth 319.330.9096 Mary Ruth 319.330.3059 It has come to our attention that the City of Iowa City has imposed a moratorium on rental permits until December 31, 2017. While there may be some valid reasons for doing this, we would like you to consider how this will affect low income and special needs residents. We currently own rental properties in Iowa City. Our tenants fit both of these categories - with incomes below the poverty level and with special needs. Iowa City has always been a very diverse community with people from all around moving to Iowa City because of all that the city has to offer. This is imperative to those with special needs as their quality of life is greatly improved due to improved transportation via SEATS, educational opportunities through Kirkwood Community College, workplace training and assistance with Vocational Rehab and Goodwill, leisure activities offered by the Iowa City Recreation Department and supported community living thanks to Reach For Your Potential, Systems Unlimited and a host of other agencies. We feel that the council should directly address the issues at hand -i.e. too many students in a rental property or house, too many rental homes in a given area, the concentration of low income housing in certain areas of the city, and the attraction of "less than desirable" residents. It is unfair to penalize all landlords and especially those of us who own only a handful of properties because of the actions of the greedy and unscrupulous. We encourage you to take all populations into consideration when you are considering establishing this moratorium. Your actions will adversely affect those who are unable to stand up for themselves to live a better quality of life. continued if you would like to discuss this further, please contact us at 319.330.9096 Tim Ruth or 319.330.3059 Mary Ruth. Respectfully yours, Tim Ruth H MW Mary Ruth Julie From: glen kelley <gkelley2003@yahoo.com> Sent: Friday, June 09, 2097 6:03 PM To: Council Subject: Suggestion for Mayor & Fire Chief Attachments: Dear Mayor new .docx Dear Mayor & Fire Chief 282,600 arson fires, per year in the U.S. 420 civilian deaths, 84% of wild fires are human caused, verses 16% by lightning. Due to our ever increasing population, (currently 320 million) resulting in more and more people living in inaccessible / mountainous areas, combined with projected dryer extreme weather patterns, all creating additional demand for volunteer fire personnel. Everyone knows smoking causes harm to our physical body, (Cancer) not so well known, but just as likely, is mischief to mind & brain tissues, (mental illness) specifically to young developing minds. Over 90 plus % of all shooters and arsonists are smokers. SMOKING RATES AMONG SEVERAL GROUPS; Prisons, (incarcerated) 70 to 85%, Mental Hospitals, 70 to 90%, Alcoholics, 80 to 90%, Homeless,70%, chronically homeless, (5 to 10%) 90%, Shooters / Arsonists, 95 to 100%, Addiction ctrs.,80 to 98%. Bipolar, 51 to 70%, Depression, 36 to 70%, Anxiety, 32 to 60%, Schizophrenia, 62 to 90%. TWO SUGGESTIONS; (ONE) A policy of not hiring volunteer firemen who smoke, in addition to the prevention of mental health issues, (starting of fires) this is no job for the stamina challenged. (TWO) Adding a curb to gun buying on background checks to all smokers. Perhaps a two year abstention for reentry ? (Life time ban for cheating) This might prove to be a very effective deterrent to smoking, specifically to adolescent males. A partial answer ? to our city's "homeless" arsonists. We know smoking injures every organ in the human body, so it should be no surprise that it damages out most precious / complex one, our mind. The brain consumes 20% of the oxygen we take in but is only 2% of body mass. Smoking kills 435,000 a year in this country and almost half of them (200,000) have mental illness. While Alzheimer's and Dementias risk increases to 157% over nonsmokers. 795,000 people suffer strokes every year, (rupture or obstruction of a blood vessel of the brain) and a smokers odds of having a stroke almost doubles that of a nonsmoker. Along with 156,000 cancerous brain tumors, these speak volumes about its links to mental illness probabilities. Two of five arrested for arson are under 18 years of age, 90% of adult smokers started in their teens. Our challenge is to keep kids from ever starting to smoke, (early childhood identification and special programs) with fresh ideas, perhaps using humor rather than "reason", because tobacco use is determined by emotion and rebellion, rather than an informed decision. Along with, convincing pregnant smokers to stop, ( 400,000 births per year), both with high probability for emotional, behavioral & mental illness problems. Hopefully. You can share this with your colleagues JUNE 12,2017 TO ALL IOWA CITY COUNCIL PERSONS,JOHNSON COUNTY SUPERVISORS UNCLE DONALD,A.K.A PRESIDENT D.J.TRUMP,1600-PENNSYAVAINA-AVE.D.C. HELP,HELP,HELP. THIS IS ANOTHER REQUEST TO DO SOME THING ABOUT THE TREATMENT OF VETERANS IN IOWA CITY,AND ELSE WHERE. FOR THE THIRD TIME I HAS BEEN HARRASSED BY THE SAME BLACK STAFF MEMBER WHO THIS TIME USED A PHONEY REASON TO YELL AND SCREAM DIRTY REMARKES,BELITTLING ME IN FRONT OF OTHER VETERANS STUCK IN THE "HELL -HOLE" AND AT THE MERCY OF STAFF MEMBERS WHO THREATEN US WITH EVICTION FOR AS LITTLE AS A BREATH ANTILIZER TO SEE IF YOU ARE DRUNK.(Never have fail since 1993) THE BLACK STAFF HAS BROUGHT FROM THE SLUMS OF AMERICA HER HATE TOWARD BLACK- MEN,AND THE VIOLENCE OF THE -HOOD-.SCREAMING AT ME BECAUSE SHE COULD NOT OPEN THE (8) MAN ROOM DOOR," IF I DIDN'T OPEN THE DOOR SHE WAS GOING TO WRITE ME UP,AND CALL THE POLICE AND HAVE ME EVICTED, JUST LIKE THE STAFF MEMBER NAME -GLORIA WHO USE A SIMLAR SCAM AND A VICTEM TO KICK ME OUT FOR(6) DAYS.THIS TO A DISABLE VETERAN,AND BI -POLAR INMATE.THIS CAUSE ME TO STRESS OUT IN THE FORM OF "ACID ATTACK" IN MY STOMACH THAT GAVE ME PAIN AND DIS COMFORT FO (24) HOURS,BURN LIKE HELL. THE STAFF IS MORE LIKE "HITLER" THAN A SHELTER FOR THE HOME -LESS VETERANS WHO HAVE NO WHERE TO GO,UNLESS YOU WANTTO LIVE IN THE "GOVERNMENT SLUM WITH THE REST OF THE WELFARE PARASITES,AND ROACHES. I AM MAILING OR FAXING THIS TO PRESIDENT D.J. TRUMP WITH HOPE'S OF GETTING SOME " HELP" (213 -840 -2960 -cell) L.BOKASSA,U.S.NAVY 485-9709 P.O.BOX 1905 IOWA CITY,IOWA 52244 06-20-17 3f(8) v 0 •r_n L 1 -d n N -10 N 0 We are deeply touched by the incredible love and support you have shown our family in this difficult time. Thank you, Carol Fausett & Family 06-20-f 7 3f(9) N O O CJ �h - h -C � N W 0 We are deeply touched by the incredible love and support you have shown our family in this difficult time. Thank you, Carol Fausett & Family 06-20-f 7 3f(9) CITY OF IOWA CITY 3f(10) MEMORANDUM Date: June 12, 2017 To: Geoff Fruin, City Manager From: Jason Havel, City Engineer Re: Burlington Clinton Street Intersection Improvements Project Introduction Plans, specifications, form of contract and estimate of cost for the above-named project were approved at the May 2, 2017 Council meeting, setting a bid date of June 2, 2017 and an award date of June 20, 2017. However, no bids were received at the June 2nd bid letting for the project. History/Background The Burlington Clinton Street Improvement Project includes the construction of new water main and ADA and sidewalk improvements along Clinton Street, between Court Street and Burlington Street, and the construction of new turn lanes and signal improvements at the Burlington and Clinton intersection. In addition, this project includes the restriping of Clinton Street to include a 4 -lane to 3 -lane conversion from Jefferson Street to Court Street, and the addition of continuous bike lanes on Clinton Street from Church Street to Benton Street. Discussion of Solutions Staff contacted plan holders after no bids were received and determined that contractors are currently too busy and felt there was not enough flexibility in the contract time to complete this project with their current workload. Staff met with the design engineers to discuss re -bidding the project. Discussions included considerations for the project scope, phasing, timeframe, time of year and other factors. It was determined the recommended action, given all of the factors, would be to revise the plans, specifications, and form of contract and re -bid the project later this year with a specified start date in spring of 2018. Recommendation Staff recommends revising plans, specifications, and form of contract to re -bid the Burlington Clinton Street Intersection Improvements Project in the fall of 2017, with a specified start date in spring of 2018. Cc: Ron Knoche, Public Works Director Jason Reichart, Civil Engineer (�--� CIS) NOTICE TO BIDDERS BURLINGTON CLINTON STREET INTERSECTION IMPROVEMENTS PROJECT Sealed proposals will be received by the City Clerk of the City of Iowa City, Iowa, until 2:00 P.M. on the 2nd day of June, 2017. Sealed proposals will be opened immediately thereafter. Bids submitted by fax machine shall not be deemed a "sealed bid" for purposes of this Project. Proposals received after this deadline will be returned to the bidder unopened. Proposals will be acted upon by the City Council at a meeting to be held in the Emma J. Harvat Hall at 7:00 P.M. on the 20th day of June, 2017, or at special meeting called for that purpose. The Project will involve the following: Replacement of water main along Clinton Street between Court Street and Burlington Street. Replacement of traffic signal at the intersection of Clinton Street and Burlington Street. ADA and sidewalk improvements between along Clinton Street between Court Street and Burlington Street. Replacing concrete panels and adding right and left turn lanes to Clinton Street at the intersection with Burlington Street. All work is to be done in strict compliance with the plans and specifications prepared by Shive- Hattery, of Iowa City, Iowa, which have heretofore been approved by the City Council, and are on file for public examination in the Office of the City Clerk. Each proposal shall be completed on a form furnished by the City and must be submitted in a sealed envelope. In addition, a separate sealed envelope shall be submitted containing a completed Bidder Status Form and a bid bond executed by a corporation authorized to contract as a surety in the State of Iowa, in the sum of 10% of the bid. The bid security shall be made payable to the TREASURER OF THE CITY OF IOWA CITY, IOWA, and shall be forfeited to the City of Iowa City in the event the successful bidder fails to enter into a contract within ten (10) calendar days of the City Council's award of the contract and post bond satisfactory to the City ensuring the faithful performance of the contract and maintenance of said Project, if required, pursuant to the provisions of this notice and the other contract documents. The City shall retain the bid security furnished by the successful bidder until the approved contract form has been executed, a bond has been filed by the bidder guaranteeing the performance of the contract, and the contract and bond have been approved by the City. The City shall promptly return the checks or bidder's bonds of unsuccessful bidders to the bidders as soon as the successful bidder is determined or within thirty days, whichever is sooner. The successful bidder will be required to furnish a bond in an amount equal to one hundred percent (100%) of the contract price, said bond to be issued by a responsible surety approved by the City, and shall guarantee the prompt payment of all materials and labor, and also protect and save harmless the City from all claims and damages of any kind caused directly or indirectly by the operation of the contract, and shall also guarantee the maintenance of the improvement for a period of FIVE (5) year(s) from and after its completion and formal acceptance by the City Council. A non -mandatory Pre -Bid Meeting will be held on May 18, 2017 at 2:00 p.m. in the Engineering Conference Room (Iowa City City Hall, 410 East Washington Street, Iowa City, Iowa 52240) to discuss bid alternates. AF -1 The following limitations shall apply to this Project: Working Days: _75 Specified Start Date: _July 10, 2017_ Liquidated Damages: $_500_ per day The plans, specifications and proposed contract documents may be examined at the office of the City Clerk. Copies of said plans and specifications and form of proposal blanks may be secured at Rapids Reproductions, 415 Highland Ave Suite 100, Iowa City, Iowa, Iowa, by bona fide bidders. A $30.00 fee is required for each set of plans and specifications provided to bidders or other interested persons. The fee shall be in the form of a check, made payable to City of Iowa City. The fee is refundable if returned within 14 days of award of the project by City Council in re -usable condition. Prospective bidders are advised that the City of Iowa City desires to employ minority contractors and subcontractors on City projects. A listing of minority contractors can be obtained from the Iowa Department of Inspections and Appeals at (515) 281-5796 and the Iowa Department of Transportation Contracts Office at (515) 239-1422. Bidders shall list on the Form of Proposal the names of persons, firms, companies or other parties with whom the bidder intends to subcontract. This list shall include the type of work and approximate subcontract amount(s). The Contractor awarded the contract shall submit a list on the Form of Agreement of the proposed subcontractors, together with quantities, unit prices and extended dollar amounts. By virtue of statutory authority, preference must be given to products and provisions grown and coal produced within the State of Iowa, and to Iowa domestic labor, to the extent lawfully required under Iowa Statutes. The Iowa reciprocal resident bidder preference law applies to this Project. The City reserves the right to reject any or all proposals, and also reserves the right to waive technicalities and irregularities. Posted upon order of the City Council of Iowa City, Iowa JULIE VOPARIL, DEPUTY CITY CLERK AF -2 � r � r not� CITY OF IOWA CIT COUNCIL ACTION REPOR 3f(11) June 20, 2017 Installation of Do Not Enter on the north side of West Benton Street adjacent to an exit -only driveway for a commercial site. Prepared By: Sarah Walz, Acting Traffic Engineering Planner Reviewed By: Kent Ralston, Transportation Planner Doug Boothroy, Neighborhood & Development Services Director Fiscal Impact: No impact Recommendations: Staff: Approval Commission: N/A Attachments: None Executive Summary: As directed by Title 9, Chapter 1, Section 3B of City Code, this is to advise the City Council of the following action: Pursuant to Section 9-4-1A(19); Install Do Not Enter side on the north side of West Benton Street, adjacent to the exit -only driveway for the commercial site [Bruegger's] This action is being taken to prevent eastbound vehicles from turning into the exit -only driveway. This driveway is designed for right -out traffic only. CITY OF IOWA CIT COUNCIL ACTION REPO 3f(12) June 20, 2017 Install (1) "Stop" sign on Chadwick Lane at the intersection with Lower West Branch Road. Prepared By: Darian Nagle-Gamm; Senior Transportation Engineering Planner Reviewed By: Kent Ralston; Transportation Planner Doug Boothroy; Neighborhood & Development Services Director Fiscal Impact: No impact Recommendations: Staff: Approval Commission: N/A Attachments: None Executive Summary: As directed by Title 9, Chapter 1, Section 3B of the City Code, this is to advise the City Council of the following action. Pursuant to Section 9-1-3A (5); Install (1) "Stop" sign on Chadwick Lane for northbound motorists at the intersection with Lower West Branch Road. This action is being taken to assign the right-of-way at the currently uncontrolled intersection and to make negotiating this intersection more predictable for the travelling public. r 1CITY OF IOWA CIT ,r� COUNCIL ACTION REPOR 3f(13) June 20, 2017 Install "No Parking Any Time" signs on the east side of Hummingbird Lane between Lower West Branch Road and Scott Park Drive. Prepared By: Emily Bothell; Acting Senior Transportation Engineering Planner Reviewed By: Kent Ralston; Transportation Planner Doug Boothroy; Neighborhood & Development Services Director Fiscal Impact: No impact Recommendations: Staff: Approval Commission: N/A Attachments: None Executive Summary: As directed by Title 9, Chapter 1, Section 3B of the City Code, this is to advise the City Council of the following action. Pursuant to Section 9-1-3A (12); Install "No Parking Any Time" signs on the east side of Hummingbird Lane between Lower West Branch Road and Scott Park Drive. This action is being taken to allow for emergency response vehicles to access Hummingbird Lane, as the street width is 25' wide and to provide consistency in parking restrictions along the entirety of Hummingbird Lane. 'r 1 CITY OF IOWA CIT MM- ;r� COUNCIL ACTION REPOR, 3f(14) June 20, 2017 Installation of "No Parking Any Time" signs on east side of the alley between the 100 block of East Prentiss Street and East Harrison Street. Prepared By: Darian Nagle-Gamm, Senior Transportation Engineering Planner Reviewed By: Kent Ralston, Transportation Planner Doug Boothroy, Neighborhood and Development Services Director Fiscal Impact: No Impact Recommendations: Staff: Approval Commission: N/A Attachments: None Executive Summary: As directed by Title 9, Chapter 1, Section 3B of the City Code, this is to advise the City Council of the following action. Pursuant to Section 9-1-3A (10); Installation of "No Parking Any Time' signs on the east side of the alley between the 100 block of East Prentiss Street and East Harrison Street. Background / Analysis: This action was requested by the Transportation Services department to establish parking protocol, minimize congestion, and ensure orderly traffic flow within the alley adjacent to the new Harrison Street parking facility. l UTO-» ��1.® CITY OF 1 O WA C[ T 3f(15) �`''� COUNCIL ACTION REPORT June 20, 2017 Install (1) "No Parking Here to Alley" sign on the south side of the 100 block of East Prentiss Street, west of the alley and install (1) "No Parking Alley to Here" sign on the south side of the 100 block of East Prentiss Street, east of the alley. Prepared By: Darian Nagle-Gamm, Senior Transportation Engineering Planner Reviewed By: Kent Ralston, Transportation Planner Doug Boothroy, Neighborhood and Development Services Director Fiscal Impact: No impact Recommendations: Staff: Approval Commission: N/A Attachments: None Executive Summary: As directed by Title 9, Chapter 1, Section 3B of the City Code, this is to advise the City Council of the following action. Pursuant to Section 9-1-3A (10); Install (1) "No Parking Here to Alley" sign on the south side of the 100 E Prentiss Street, west of the alley and install (1) "No Parking Alley to Here" sign on the south side of the 100 E Prentiss Street, east of alley. Background / Analysis: This action is being taken to improve visibility for vehicles turning into/out of the alley and to reduce conflicts at the intersection. Julie Voparil � atC tiaadouts Distributed From: Carol deProsse <lonetreefox@mac.com> Sent: Friday, June 16, 2017 3:27 PM To: Geoff Fruin — Cc: Council (Date) Subject: Re: Question I have always understood that prairies got mowed in the fall. The fall annual mowing that was instigated two years was perfect. The City just set back some life, like the flowers that were blooming just as the butterflies are starting to appear as well as the lightning bugs . I'll see what it looks like six weeks from now. I had 3 acres of prairie when I lived in Lone Tree so 1, too, know something about them. On Jun 16, 2017, at 03:19 PM, Geoff Fruin <Geoff-Fruin cr,iowa-cit} orQ> wrote: Good afternoon Carol, You are correct that we recently mowed the prairie areas at Kiwanis Park. We also recently mowed it the prairie at Terry Trueblood Recreation Area. The mowing was done with the long-term health of the prairie in mind. Mowing to the recommended height of 8" is best to minimize the growth of perennial invasive species, even in the summer season. The prairie plants, especially the milkweed, are quite vigorous native perennials. We are confident they will respond well to having less vegetation with which to compete and resprout with positive growth. Before mowing the area our staff did consult with others that have expertise in this area to ensure that we were following commonly accepted practices for creating healthy prairie areas. As a heads up, part of our management this year will include overseeding and more than likely mowing in the fall to better control woody invasives. I hope this helps clarify why we mowed the area you are concerned about. Have a nice weekend, Geoff From: Carol deProsse [mailto:lonetreefox@mac.coml Sent: Friday, June 16, 2017 9:42 AM To: Council; Geoff Fruin Subject: Question Just a mere question from a little citizen of the community but may I inquire as why in holy hell the city has mowed down the prairie in Kiwanis Park at the height of the growing season? It was alive with blooms this spring for the first time in years and the perennial sunflowers and milkweed (the Monarchs only host plant, remember; all the country is trying to grow milkweed) were coming up very nicely. I can think of a couple of reasons, though. For a city that loves concrete and asphalt as much as this one you plan to dig up the prairie, pave it over and put in shuffleboard courts or till the area and plant a new prairie even though this is totally the wrong time of year to do that. Carol Julie From: Sent: To: Subject: From a post by a FB friend: Carol deProsse <lonetreefox@mac.com> Friday, June 16, 2017 10:19 PM Council; Geoff Fruin A bit more on the mowed prairie d (Date) 3 -ill b J I'm sure the butterflies will be happy to know that experts were consulted before their nectar sources were destroyed. I hope they can hang on until the plants flower again. Some prairie plants are annuals that return because they reseed themselves. The flower heads need to mature on the plant for that to happen. Hope the "overseeding" will include those whose life cycles were cut short. Late Handouts Distributed 3 -IP- (I IJ From: Shams Ghoneim <shamsghoneim@mchsi. Sent: Monday, June 19, 2017 12:14 PM (Date) To: Bolkcom Joe Cc: James A Leach; Dave Loebsack; Dave Leshtz; Jim Throgmorton; jlundell@coralville.org; Jody Matherly; Lonny Pulkrabek; Janelle Rettig; Council; Kingsley Botchway; Adrian K Wing; Amy Weismann; Jeff Portman; John Greve; Geoff Fruin; Stefanie Bowers; Sonja Spear; sarah Frank; Katie Brumbeloe; Jaime Spencer; Dave Bright; Jean Lloyd -Jones; Dorothy Paul; bob@goodfellowprinting.com Goodfellow; Nellie Kremenak; Harry03@aol.com Olmstead; sups@co.johnson.ia.us; Mark Pries; Charlie Eastham; Aleksey Gurtovoy; Todd Dorman; Yarrow, Jacob N; James, Micah Ariel; Renteria, Jesus J; barrjohno Barr; Jo Butterfield; LaTasha DeLoach; Dorothy Whiston; Beverly Jones; Roger Dykstra; Connie Ryan; Miriam Amer; Maureen McCue; Newman Abuissa; Gregory E Hamot; Ramsey Ali; Mel Schlachter; Ousainou Keita; Asghar Bhatti; Imam Molhim Bilal; Samir Amin Subject: Re: You are cordially Invited/ Friday June 23. I regret this unintended date error. Thank you. Shams On Jun 19, 2017, at 11:56 AM, Shams Ghoneim wrote: > Dear Senator Bolkcom, Congressman Leach, Congressman Loebsack, Mayor > Throgmorton, Mayor Lundell, Chief Matherly, Sheriff Pulkrabek, IC > City manager City Council members, JC BOD of Supervisors, IC Human > Rights Commission, Friends and supporters; > On behalf of the Iowa City Mosque and Muslim community it is my > pleasure to invite you to break the Fast with us at our Community > Ramadan Iftar in the Iowa City Mosque on Friday, June 25 th. The > gathering will be at 8:40 Pm with the Iftar/dinner starting at 8:45 > Pm. > We would be honored to break bread with you and express our deep > appreciation to the greater Iowa City and Coralville communities for > their support and goodwill. > The Mosque is located at : 1812, West Benton Street.lowa City, IA. > Please join us on the 25th. > Many thanks. > Best regards > Shams Ghoneim,Member > Iowa City Mosque's Board of Directors. 3 -JP C -I -o Julie Voparil From: Harry03 <Harry03@aol.com> Sent: Monday, June 19, 2017 2:31 PM To: Shams Ghoneim; Bolkcom Joe Cc: James A Leach; Dave Loebsack; Dave Leshtz; Jim Throgmorton; jlundell@coralville.org; Jody Matherly; Lonny Pulkrabek; Janelle Rettig; Council; Kingsley Botchway; Adrian K Wing; Amy Weismann; Jeff Portman; John Greve; Geoff Fruin; Stefanie Bowers; Sonja Spear; sarah Frank; Katie Brumbeloe; Jaime Spencer; Dave Bright; Jean Lloyd -Jones; Dorothy Paul; bob@goodfellowprinting.com Goodfellow; Nellie Kremenak; sups@co.johnson.ia.us; Mark Pries; Charlie Eastham; Aleksey Gurtovoy; Todd Dorman; Yarrow, Jacob N; James, Micah Ariel; Renteria, Jesus J; barrjohno Barr; Jo Butterfield; LaTasha DeLoach; Dorothy Whiston; Beverly Jones; Roger Dykstra; Connie Ryan; Miriam Amer; Maureen McCue; Newman Abuissa; Gregory E Hamot; Ramsey Ali; Mel Schlachter; Ousainou Keita; Asghar Bhatti; Imam Molhim Bilal; Samir Amin Subject: Re: You are cordially Invited/ Friday June 23. Shams June 25th is a Sunday and not Friday. Is it on a Friday or Sunday? Sent from my Galaxy Tab® A -------- Original message -------- From: Shams Ghoneim <shamsghoneim@mchsi.com> Date: 06/19/2017 12:14 PM (GMT -06:00) To: Bolkcom Joe <joe@joebolkcom.org> Cc: James A Leach <james-leach@uiowa.edu>, Dave Loebsack <Rep.Loebsack@mail.house.gov>, Dave Leshtz <dleshtz@inay.net>, Jim Throgmorton <jim-throgmorton@iowa-city.org>, jlundell@coralville.org, Jody Matherly <Jody-Matherly@iowa-city.org>, Lonny Pulkrabek <lpulkrab@co johnson.ia.us>, Janelle Rettig <jrettig@co.johnson.ia.us>, Council <council@iowa-city.org>, "kingsley-botchway@iowa-city.org (Kingsley- Botchway@iowa-city.org)" <kingsley-botchway@iowa-city.org>, Adrien K Wing <adrien-wing@uiowa.edu>, Amy Weismann <amy-weismann@uiowa.edu>, Jeff Portman <jrporhnan@agudasachimic.org>, John Greve <johnhgreve@aol.com>, Geoff Fruin <geoff-fruin@iowa-city.org>, Stefanie Bowers <stefanie-bowers@iowa- city.org>, Sonja Spear <sonja.spear@gmail.com>, sarah Frank <srfrank@gmail.com>, Katie Brumbeloe <kbrumbeloe@press-citizen.com>, Jaime Spencer <jjspencer@press-citizen.com>, Dave Bright <lonomombo@aol.com>, Jean Lloyd -Jones <j.hall.11oyd@gmail.com>, Dorothy Paul <dorothypaul@oaknoll.com>, "bob@goodfellowprinting.com Goodfellow" <bob@goodfellowprinting.com>, Nellie Kremenak <kremenak94@gmail.com>, "Harry03@aol.com Olmstead" <harryo3@aol.com>, sups@co.johnson.ia.us, Mark Pries <mpries@zionlutheran-ic.org>, Charlie Eastham <eastham@mchsi.com>, Aleksey Gurtovoy <agurtovoy@gmail.com>, Todd Dorman <todd.dorman@thegazette.com>, "Yarrow, Jacob N" <jacob- yarrow@uiowa.edu>, 'James, Micah Ariel" <micahariel fames@uiowa.edu>, "Renteria, Jesus J" <jesus- renteria@uiowa.edu>, barrjohno Barr <barrjohno@sau.edu>, Jo Butterfield <civic.butterfield@gmail.com>, LaTasha DeLoach <ldeloach@co.johnson.ia.us>, Dorothy Whiston <dorothy.whiston@gmail.com>, Beverly Jones <beverlyjone@gmail.com>, Roger Dykstra <roger.d@gatheredbygrace.org>, Connie Ryan <connie@interfaithallianceiowa.org>, Miriam Amer <mzmea6l I@yahoo.com>, Maureen McCue <mickiq@eatthlink.net>, Newman Abuissa <newman@abuissa.net>, Gregory E Hamot <gregory- hamot@uiowa.edu>, Ramsey Ali <ramseyali0124@gmail.com>, Mel Schlachter <melschlachter@gmail.com>, Ousainou Keita <ousainoukeita@gmail.com>, Asghar Bhatti <masgharbhatti@gmail.com>, Imam Molhim Bilal <molhimbilal@gmail.com>, Samir Amin <samsoom801 @gmail.com> Subject: Re: You are cordially Invited/ Friday June 23. I regret this unintended date error. Thank you. Shams On Jun 19, 2017, at 11:56 AM, Shams Ghoneim wrote: > Dear Senator Bolkcom, Congressman Leach, Congressman Loebsack, Mayor > Throgmorton, Mayor Lundell, Chief Matherly, Sheriff Pulkrabek, IC > City manager City Council members, JC BOD of Supervisors, IC Human > Rights Commission, Friends and supporters; > On behalf of the Iowa City Mosque and Muslim community it is my > pleasure to invite you to break the Fast with us at our Community > Ramadan Iftar in the Iowa City Mosque on Friday, June 25 th. The > gathering will be at 8:40 Pm with the Iftar/dinner starting at 8:45 > Pm. > We would be honored to break bread with you and express our deep > appreciation to the greater Iowa City and Coralville communities for > their support and goodwill. > The Mosque is located at: 1812, West Benton Street.Iowa City, IA. > Please join us on the 25th. > Many thanks. > Best regards > Shams Ghoneim,Member > Iowa City Mosque's Board of Directors. z On Mon, Jun 19, 2017 at 2:30 PM, Harry03 <Harry03Aaol.com> wrote: Q I i Shams June 25th is a Sunday and not Friday. Is it on a Friday or Sunday? (Date) Sent from my Galaxy Tab® A -------- Original message From: Shams Ghoneim <shamsghoneimCdhnchsi.com> Date: 06/19/2017 12:14 PM (GMT -06:00) To: Bolkcom Joe <ioe(a)ioebolkcom.org> Cc: James A Leach <iames-leach@uiowa.edu>, Dave Loebsack<Reo.Loebsackr?amail.house.gov>, Dave Leshtz <dleshtzCaJnay.net>, Jim Throgmorton<iim-throgmorton(o)iowa-cit�org>, ilundell(a)coralville.ora Jody Matherly <Jody-Matherly(a�aowa-citv.org>, Lonny PullQabek <lnulkrab _,co.johnson.ia.us>, Janelle Rettig <irettig(a)cojohnson.ia.us>, Council <council(a)iowa-citv.or¢>,"kingsley-botchwavCaiowa-citv.org Kin le - Botchway@iowa-city.org)" <kingslev-botchwav cnr,iowa-citv.org>, Adrien K Wing <adrien-wing(a,uiowa.edu>, Amy Weismann <amy-weismanni7a,uiowa.edu>, Jeff Portman <jrportman(a,agudasachimic.ore>, John Greve <johnhgrevea,aol.com>, Geoff Fmin <geoff-fruin(a),iowa-city.org>, Stefanie Bowers <stefanie-bowersaa iowa- ci.or >, Sonja Spear <sonia.snear(a,gmail.com>, sarah Frank <srfrank(a,gmail.com>, Katie Brumbeloe <kbrumbeloe@press-citizen.com>, Jaime Spencer <iisnencerna.nress-citizen.com>, Dave Bright <lonomomboia,aol.com>, Jean Lloyd -Jones <i.hajl.11ovd(a)gmail.com>, Dorothy Paul <dorothvpauIQoaknoll.com>, "bob(a).goodfellowprinting.com Goodfellow" <bobAgoodfellownrinting com>, Nellie Kremenak <kremenak94(a,gmail.com>, "Harrv03aaol.com Olmstead" <hanvo3Ca.aol.com>, sups(a)co.iohnson.ia us, Mark Pries <myries a)zionlutheran-ic.org>, Charlie Eastham <eastham(a)mchsi.com>, Aleksey Gurtovoy <a ovov@gmail.com>, Todd Dorman <todd.dormanna,thegazette.com>, "Yarrow, Jacob N" <ja b- yarrow(,uiowa.edu>, "James, Micah Ariel" <micahariel-james(a)uuiowa.edu>, "Renteria, Jesus J" <jesus- renteriaCa,uiowa.edu>, bardohno Barr <barriohno(a)sau.edu>, Jo Butterfield <civic.butterfield(a,gmail.com>, LaTasha DeLoach <ldeloach Aco.johnson.ia.us>, Dorothy Whiston <dorothv.whiston@,gmail.com>, Beverly Jones <beverlvione(a)gmail.com>, Roger Dykstra <roger.dna,gatheredbv agr ce.org>, Connie Ryan <connie ,interfaithallianceiowa.org>, Miriam Amer <mzmea611(&yahoo.com>, Maureen McCue <mickiq@earthlink.nev, Newman Abuissa <newman(-),abuissa.net>, Gregory E Hamot < e o - hamot(a)uiowa.edu>, Ramsey Ali <ramseyah0124(a)gnail.com>, Mel Schlachter <melschlachter(a),gmail.com>, Ousainou Keita <ousainoukeitana)grnail.com>, Asghar Bhatti <masgharbhatti(aa,gmail.com>, Imam Molhim Bilal <molhimbilal(a,amail.com>, Samir Amin <samsoom8Ol na.gmail.com> Subject: Re: You are cordially Invited/ Friday June 23. Julie Voparil From: Samir Amin <samsoom801 @gmail.com> Sent: Monday, June 19, 2017 3:24 PM To: Harry03 Cc: Shams Ghoneim; Bolkcom Joe; James A Leach; Dave Loebsack; Dave Leshtz; Jim Throgmorton; jlundell@coralville.org; Jody Matherly; Lonny Pulkrabek; Janelle Rettig; Council; Kingsley Botchway; Adrien K Wing; Amy Weismann; Jeff Portman; John Greve; Geoff Fruin; Stefanie Bowers; Sonja Spear; sarah Frank; Katie Brumbeloe; Jaime Spencer; Dave Bright; Jean Lloyd -Jones; Dorothy Paul; bob@goodfellowprinting.com Goodfellow; Nellie Kremenak; sups@co.johnson.ia.us; Mark Pries; Charlie Eastham; Aleksey Gurtovoy; Todd Dorman; Yarrow, Jacob N; James, Micah Ariel; Renteria, Jesus J; barrjohno Barr; Jo Butterfield; LaTasha DeLoach; Dorothy Whiston; Beverly Jones; Roger Dykstra; Connie Ryan; Miriam Amer; Maureen McCue; Newman Abuissa; Gregory E Hamot; Ramsey Ali; Mel Schlachter; Ousainou Keita; Asghar Bhatti; Imam Molhim Bilal Subject: Re: You are cordially Invited/ Friday June 23. Late Handouts Distributed Friday June, 23, 2017 On Mon, Jun 19, 2017 at 2:30 PM, Harry03 <Harry03Aaol.com> wrote: Q I i Shams June 25th is a Sunday and not Friday. Is it on a Friday or Sunday? (Date) Sent from my Galaxy Tab® A -------- Original message From: Shams Ghoneim <shamsghoneimCdhnchsi.com> Date: 06/19/2017 12:14 PM (GMT -06:00) To: Bolkcom Joe <ioe(a)ioebolkcom.org> Cc: James A Leach <iames-leach@uiowa.edu>, Dave Loebsack<Reo.Loebsackr?amail.house.gov>, Dave Leshtz <dleshtzCaJnay.net>, Jim Throgmorton<iim-throgmorton(o)iowa-cit�org>, ilundell(a)coralville.ora Jody Matherly <Jody-Matherly(a�aowa-citv.org>, Lonny PullQabek <lnulkrab _,co.johnson.ia.us>, Janelle Rettig <irettig(a)cojohnson.ia.us>, Council <council(a)iowa-citv.or¢>,"kingsley-botchwavCaiowa-citv.org Kin le - Botchway@iowa-city.org)" <kingslev-botchwav cnr,iowa-citv.org>, Adrien K Wing <adrien-wing(a,uiowa.edu>, Amy Weismann <amy-weismanni7a,uiowa.edu>, Jeff Portman <jrportman(a,agudasachimic.ore>, John Greve <johnhgrevea,aol.com>, Geoff Fmin <geoff-fruin(a),iowa-city.org>, Stefanie Bowers <stefanie-bowersaa iowa- ci.or >, Sonja Spear <sonia.snear(a,gmail.com>, sarah Frank <srfrank(a,gmail.com>, Katie Brumbeloe <kbrumbeloe@press-citizen.com>, Jaime Spencer <iisnencerna.nress-citizen.com>, Dave Bright <lonomomboia,aol.com>, Jean Lloyd -Jones <i.hajl.11ovd(a)gmail.com>, Dorothy Paul <dorothvpauIQoaknoll.com>, "bob(a).goodfellowprinting.com Goodfellow" <bobAgoodfellownrinting com>, Nellie Kremenak <kremenak94(a,gmail.com>, "Harrv03aaol.com Olmstead" <hanvo3Ca.aol.com>, sups(a)co.iohnson.ia us, Mark Pries <myries a)zionlutheran-ic.org>, Charlie Eastham <eastham(a)mchsi.com>, Aleksey Gurtovoy <a ovov@gmail.com>, Todd Dorman <todd.dormanna,thegazette.com>, "Yarrow, Jacob N" <ja b- yarrow(,uiowa.edu>, "James, Micah Ariel" <micahariel-james(a)uuiowa.edu>, "Renteria, Jesus J" <jesus- renteriaCa,uiowa.edu>, bardohno Barr <barriohno(a)sau.edu>, Jo Butterfield <civic.butterfield(a,gmail.com>, LaTasha DeLoach <ldeloach Aco.johnson.ia.us>, Dorothy Whiston <dorothv.whiston@,gmail.com>, Beverly Jones <beverlvione(a)gmail.com>, Roger Dykstra <roger.dna,gatheredbv agr ce.org>, Connie Ryan <connie ,interfaithallianceiowa.org>, Miriam Amer <mzmea611(&yahoo.com>, Maureen McCue <mickiq@earthlink.nev, Newman Abuissa <newman(-),abuissa.net>, Gregory E Hamot < e o - hamot(a)uiowa.edu>, Ramsey Ali <ramseyah0124(a)gnail.com>, Mel Schlachter <melschlachter(a),gmail.com>, Ousainou Keita <ousainoukeitana)grnail.com>, Asghar Bhatti <masgharbhatti(aa,gmail.com>, Imam Molhim Bilal <molhimbilal(a,amail.com>, Samir Amin <samsoom8Ol na.gmail.com> Subject: Re: You are cordially Invited/ Friday June 23. I regret this unintended date error. Thank you. Shams On Jun 19, 2017, at 11:56 AM, Shams Ghoneim wrote: > Dear Senator Bolkcom, Congressman Leach, Congressman Loebsack, Mayor > Throgmorton, Mayor Lundell, Chief Matherly, Sheriff Pulkrabek, IC > City manager City Council members, JC BOD of Supervisors, IC Human > Rights Commission, Friends and supporters; > On behalf of the Iowa City Mosque and Muslim community it is my > pleasure to invite you to break the Fast with us at our Community > Ramadan Iftar in the Iowa City Mosque on Friday, June 25 th. The > gathering will be at 8:40 Pm with the Iftar/dinner starting at 8:45 > Pm. > We would be honored to break bread with you and express our deep > appreciation to the greater Iowa City and Coralville communities for > their support and goodwill. > The Mosque is located at: 1812, West Benton Street.Iowa City, IA. > Please join us on the 25th. > Many thanks. > Best regards > Shams Ghoneim,Member > Iowa City Mosque's Board of Directors. 4 rate Handouts Distributed -� --(� C j Julie Voparil From: Ousainou Keita <ousainoukeita@gmaii.corTr- Sent: Monday, June 19, 2017 8:28 PM (Date) To: Harry03 Cc: Shams Ghoneim; Bolkcom Joe; James A Leach; Dave Loebsack; Dave Leshtz; Jim Throgmorton; jlundell@coralville.org; Jody Matherly; Lonny Pulkrabek; Janelle Rettig; Council; Kingsley Botchway; Adrian K Wing; Amy Weismann; Jeff Portman; John Greve; Geoff Fruin; Stefanie Bowers; Sonja Spear; sarah Frank; Katie Brumbeloe; Jaime Spencer; Dave Bright; Jean Lloyd -Jones; Dorothy Paul; bob@goodfellowprinting.com Goodfellow; Nellie Kremenak; sups@co.johnson.ia.us; Mark Pries; Charlie Eastham; Aleksey Gurtovoy; Todd Dorman; Yarrow, Jacob N; James, Micah Ariel; Renteria, Jesus J; barrjohno Barr; Jo Butterfield; LaTasha DeLoach; Dorothy Whiston; Beverly Jones; Roger Dykstra; Connie Ryan; Miriam Amer; Maureen McCue; Newman Abuissa; Gregory E Hamot; Ramsey Ali; Mel Schlachter; Asghar Bhatti; Imam Molhim Bilal; Samir Amin Subject: Re: You are cordially Invited/ Friday June 23. Attachments: Community Iftar Dinner flier.docx Good evening everyone, The correct date for the Iowa City Community Iftar Dinner is Friday, June 23th, 2017. Please find attached is the event flier. Peace, Ousainou Keita President Al-Iman Center of Iowa City Mosque 1812 W. Benton Street Iowa City, IA 52246 Tel: 319-354-6167 319-594-1459 (cell) On Mon, Jun 19, 2017 at 2:30 PM, Harry03 <Harrv03na,aol.com> wrote: Shams June 25th is a Sunday and not Friday. Is it on a Friday or Sunday? Sent from my Galaxy Tab® A -------- Original message -------- From: Shams Ghoneim <shams¢honeim@mchsi.com> Date: 06/19/2017 12:14 PM (GMT -06:00) To: Bolkcom Joe <ioeCnnjoebolkcom.org> Cc: James A Leach <james-leachamiowa.edu>, Dave Loebsack <Rep.LoebsackQmail.house.gov>, Dave Leshtz <dleshtza,inay.net>, Jim Throgmorton <Jim-throgmorton(a?iowa-citv.org>, ilundell(a)coralville.org Jody Matherly <Jody-Matherlyna,iowa-citv.orQ>, Lonny Pulkrabek <lpulkrabAco.Johnson.ia.us>, Janelle Rettig <jrettig@,co.iohnson.ia.us>, Council <council(@iowa-citv.org>, "kin¢slev-botchway(a),iowa-city.org Kin sle - Botchway&owa-ci .org)"<kingslev-botchwavaiowa-citv.org>, Adrien K Wing <adrien-wing@uiowa.edu>, Amy Weismann <amy-weismannta'�,uiowa.edu>, Jeff Portman <imortmanaa,agudasachimic.org>, John Greve <johnhgreve(a),aol.com>, Geoff Fruin <geoff-fruin(a.iowa-citv.org>, Stefanie Bowers <stefanie-bowers(a-)aowa- aJ.or >, Sonja Spear <sonia.spearCa.gmail.com>, sarah Frank <srfrank(a gmail.com>, Katie Brumbeloe <kbrumbeloeftress-citizen.com>, Jaime Spencer <iJspencer@press-citizen.com>, Dave Bright <lonomombo(a)aol.com>, Jean Lloyd-Jones <j,hall.11oyd(_gmail.com>, Dorothy Paul <dorothypaulCa,oaknoll.com>, "bobna.goodfellownrintine.com Goodfellow" <bob(a�goodfellownrintin¢.com>, Nellie Kremenak <kremenak94(a)gmail.com>, "Harry03Aaol.com Olmstead" <harryo3(d).aol.com>, supsoco.iohnson.ia.us, Mark Pries <mmpriesazionlutheran-ic.org>, Charlie Eastham <eastham(&mchsi.com>, Aleksey Gurtovoy <aagurtovovna.urnail.com>, Todd Dorman <todd.dorman(a,thegazette.com>, "Yarrow, Jacob N" <jacob- varrowna,uiowa.edu>, "James, Micah Ariel" <micahariel-iamesQuiowa.edu>, "Renteria, Jesus J" <jesus- renteriaQuiowa.edu>, banjohno Barr <barrjohnoasau.edu>, Jo Butterfield <civic.butterfield(d)gmail.com>, LaTasha DeLoach <ldeloachna.co.iohnson.ia.us>, Dorothy Whiston <dorothy.whistonagmail.com>, Beverly Jones <beverlyjoneAemail.com>, Roger Dykstra <roger.dAgatheredbverace.or¢>, Connie Ryan <connie(&interfaithallianceiowa.or¢>, Miriam Amer <mzmea611 @,vahoo.com>, Maureen McCue <mickigAearthlink.nev, Newman Abuissa <newman(&abuissa.net>, Gregory E Hamot < rg hamota,uiowa.edu>, Ramsey Ali <ramseyali0124(&gmail.com>, Mel Schlachter <melschlachter(aZgmail.com>, Ousainou Keita <ousainoukeitana.gmail.com>, Asghar Bhatti <masQharbhatti(agmail.com>, Imam Molhim Bilal <molhimbilal(d,gnail.com>, Samir Amin <samsoom80l(&gmail.com> Subject: Re: You are cordially Invited/ Friday June 23. I regret this unintended date error. Thank you. Shams On Jun 19, 2017, at 11:56 AM, Shams Ghoneim wrote: > Dear Senator Bolkcom, Congressman Leach, Congressman Loebsack, Mayor > Throgmorton, Mayor Lundell, Chief Matherly, Sheriff PullQabek, IC > City manager City Council members, JC BOD of Supervisors, IC Human > Rights Commission, Friends and supporters; > On behalf of the Iowa City Mosque and Muslim community it is my > pleasure to invite you to break the Fast with us at our Community > Ramadan Iftar in the Iowa City Mosque on Friday, June 25 th. The > gathering will be at 8:40 Pm with the Iftar/dinner starting at 8:45 > Pm. > We would be honored to break bread with you and express our deep > appreciation to the greater Iowa City and Coralville communities for > their support and goodwill. > The Mosque is located at: 1812, West Benton Street.Iowa City, IA. > Please join us on the 25th. > Many thanks. > Best regards > Shams Ghoneim,Member > Iowa City Mosque's Board of Directors. Ousainou Keita President AI-Iman Center of Iowa City Mosque 1812 W. Benton Street Iowa City, IA 52246 Tel: 319-345-6167, 319-594-1459 (Cell) YOU ARE CORDIALLY INVITED TO THE IOWA CITY MOSQUE COMMUNITY IFTAR DINNER PLEASE COME JOIN US TO BREAK THE FASTING WITH US FRIDAY, JUNE 23, 2017 FROM 8:30 PM IOWA CITY MOSQUE, 1812 W. BENTON STREET, IOWA CITY, IOWA 52246 AL -I MAN CENTER OF IOWA CITY MOSQUE, 1812, W. BENTON STREET, IOWA CITY, IA 52246 Late Handouts Distributed —� -�: Julie Voparil From: Mark Pries <mpries@zionlutheran-ic.org Sent: Monday, June 19, 2017 6:21 PM (Date) To: Shams Ghoneim Cc: Bolkcom Joe; James A Leach; Dave Loebsack; Dave Leshtz; Jim Throgmorton; jlundell@coralville.org; Jody Matherly; Lonny Pulkrabek; Janelle Rettig; Council; Kingsley Botchway; Adrien K Wing; Amy Weismann; Jeff Portman; John Greve; Geoff Fruin; Stefanie Bowers; Sonja Spear; sarah Frank; Katie Brumbeloe; Jaime Spencer; Dave Bright; Jean Lloyd -Jones; Dorothy Paul; bob@goodfellowprinting.com Goodfellow; Nellie Kremenak; Harry03@aol.com Olmstead; sups@co.johnson.ia.us; Charlie Eastham; Aleksey Gurtovoy; Todd Dorman; Yarrow, Jacob N; James, Micah Ariel; Renteria, Jesus J; barrjohno Barr; Jo Butterfield; LaTasha DeLoach; Dorothy Whiston; Beverly Jones; Roger Dykstra; Connie Ryan; Miriam Amer; Maureen McCue; Newman Abuissa; Gregory E Hamot; Ramsey Ali; Mel Schlachter; Ousainou Keita; Asghar Bhatti; Imam Molhim Bilal; Samir Amin Subject: Re: You are cordially Invited/ Friday June 23. Shams, Lesley and I will be away Friday (sharing leadership at 50th HS class reunion) and cannot join your community for Ramadan Iftar. We continue to hold your faith community in our daily prayers. Btw: We found your guest opinion in the recent PC spot on. Peace be yours, Mark Pries Sent from my Phone > On Jun 19, 2017, at 12:14 PM, Shams Ghoneim <shamsghoneim(a)mchsi.com> wrote: > I regret this unintended date error. > Thank you. > Shams >> On Jun 19, 2017, at 11:56 AM, Shams Ghoneim wrote: >> Dear Senator Bolkcom, Congressman Leach, Congressman Loebsack, Mayor Throgmorton, Mayor Lundell, Chief Matherly, Sheriff Pulkrabek, IC City manager City Council members, JC BOD of Supervisors, IC Human Rights Commission, Friends and supporters; >> On behalf of the Iowa City Mosque and Muslim community it is my pleasure to invite you to break the Fast with us at our Community Ramadan Iftar in the Iowa City Mosque on Friday, June 25 th. The gathering will be at 8:40 Pm with the Iftar/dinner starting at 8:45 Pm. >> We would be honored to break bread with you and express our deep appreciation to the greater Iowa City and Coralville communities for their support and goodwill. >> The Mosque is located at : 1812, West Benton Street.lowa City, IA. >> Please join us on the 25th. >> Many thanks. >> Best regards >> Shams Ghoneim,Member >> Iowa City Mosque's Board of Directors.